Years before present (1950)
type: TM CoordinateSystem
type: TRS
TM coordinate system.interval: 31556925.445s
TM coordinate system.interval: 365.24219265d
TM coordinate system.interval: a
TM coordinate system.origin: 1950-01-01T00:00:00
description: Temporal position expressed numerically scaled in years increasing backwards relative to 1950. Positions in archeologic and 'recent' geologic time are conventionally denoted in years, measured backwards from the present, which is fixed to 1950 when the precision requires it.
comment: Positions in archeologic and 'recent' geologic time are conventionally denoted in years, measured backwards from the present, which is fixed to 1950 when the precision requires it
definition: Temporal position expressed numerically scaled in years increasing backwards relative to 1950

Millions of years ago
type: TM CoordinateSystem
type: TRS
TM coordinate system.interval: Ma
TM coordinate system.origin: 2000-01-01T00:00:00
description: Temporal position expressed numerically scaled in millions of years increasing backwards from the present. Positions in geologic time are conventionally denoted in millions of years, measured backwards from the present.
comment: Positions in geologic time are conventionally denoted in millions of years, measured backwards from the present.
definition: Temporal position expressed numerically scaled in millions of years increasing backwards from the present

Geologic Timescale Elements in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart
type: Collection
member: Boundaries in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart
member: GeochronologicEras (all ranks) in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart

Aalenian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -174.1 +|-1.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -170.3 +|-1.4 Ma
broader: Middle Jurassic Epoch
broader transitive: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.2.2.4
preferred label: Aalen @cs
preferred label: Aaleni @et
preferred label: Aalenian
preferred label: Aaleniano @pt
preferred label: Aalenien @da
preferred label: Aaleniense @es
preferred label: Aaleniën @nl
preferred label: Aalénien @fr
preferred label: Aalénium @de
preferred label: Alenis @lt
preferred label: aalen @sv
preferred label: aaleni @hu
preferred label: aaleniano @it
preferred label: aalenij @sl
preferred label: álen @sk
preferred label: пален @bg
preferred label: アーレニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 阿连期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Middle Jurassic
has end: Base of Bajocian
interval in: Middle Jurassic Epoch
interval meets: Bajocian Age
interval met by: Early Jurassic Epoch
interval met by: Toarcian Age
interval starts: Middle Jurassic Epoch

Aeronian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -440.8 +|-1.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -438.5 +|-1.1 Ma
broader: Llandovery Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Silurian Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.4.4.2
preferred label: Aeron @cs
preferred label: Aeroni @et
preferred label: Aeronian
preferred label: Aeroniano @pt
preferred label: Aeronien @da
preferred label: Aeroniense @es
preferred label: Aeronis @lt
preferred label: Aeronium @de
preferred label: Aeroniën @nl
preferred label: Aéronien @fr
preferred label: aeron @sv
preferred label: aeroni @hu
preferred label: aeroniano @it
preferred label: aeronij @sl
preferred label: aerón @sk
preferred label: перон @bg
preferred label: アエロニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 埃隆期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Aeronian
has end: Base of Telychian
interval during: Llandovery Epoch
interval in: Llandovery Epoch
interval meets: Telychian Age
interval met by: Rhuddanian Age

GeochronologicEras of rank "Age"
type: ClassificationLevel
type: Collection
depth: 7
member: Aalenian Age
member: Aeronian Age
member: Albian Age
member: Anisian Age
member: Aptian Age
member: Aquitanian Age
member: Artinskian Age
member: Asselian Age
member: Bajocian Age
member: Barremian Age
member: Bartonian Age
member: Bashkirian Age
member: Bathonian Age
member: Berriasian Age
member: Burdigalian Age
member: Calabrian Age
member: Callovian Age
member: Cambrian Stage 10 Age
member: Cambrian Stage 2 Age
member: Cambrian Stage 3 Age
member: Cambrian Stage 4 Age
member: Campanian Age
member: Capitanian Age
member: Carnian Age
member: Cenomanian Age
member: Changhsingian Age
member: Chattian Age
member: Coniacian Age
member: Danian Age
member: Dapingian Age
member: Darriwilian Age
member: Drumian Age
member: Eifelian Age
member: Emsian Age
member: Famennian Age
member: Floian Age
member: Fortunian Age
member: Frasnian Age
member: Gelasian Age
member: Givetian Age
member: Gorstian Age
member: Greenlandian Age
member: Guzhangian Age
member: Gzhelian Age
member: Hauterivian Age
member: Hettangian Age
member: Hirnantian Age
member: Homerian Age
member: Induan Age
member: Jiangshanian Age
member: Kasimovian Age
member: Katian Age
member: Kimmeridgian Age
member: Kungurian Age
member: Ladinian Age
member: Langhian Age
member: Lochkovian Age
member: Ludfordian Age
member: Lutetian Age
member: Maastrichtian Age
member: Meghalayan Age
member: Messinian Age
member: Middle Pleistocene Age
member: Moscovian Age
member: Norian Age
member: Northgrippian Age
member: Olenekian Age
member: Oxfordian Age
member: Paibian Age
member: Piacenzian Age
member: Pliensbachian Age
member: Pragian Age
member: Priabonian Age
member: Rhaetian Age
member: Rhuddanian Age
member: Roadian Age

Albian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -113.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -100.5 Ma
broader: Early Cretaceous Epoch
broader transitive: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.1.2.1
preferred label: Alb @cs
preferred label: Albi @et
preferred label: Albian
preferred label: Albiano @pt
preferred label: Albien @da
preferred label: Albiense @es
preferred label: Albis @lt
preferred label: Albium @de
preferred label: Albiën @nl
preferred label: alb @sk
preferred label: albai @hu
preferred label: alban @sv
preferred label: albiano @it
preferred label: albij @sl
preferred label: плб @bg
preferred label: アルビアン期 @ja
preferred label: 阿尔布期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Albian
has end: Base of Late Cretaceous
interval finishes: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval in: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval meets: Cenomanian Age
interval meets: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval met by: Aptian Age

Anisian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -247.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -242 Ma
broader: Middle Triassic Epoch
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Triassic Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.3.2.2
preferred label: Anis @cs
preferred label: Anisi @et
preferred label: Anisian
preferred label: Anisiano @pt
preferred label: Anisien @da
preferred label: Anisiense @es
preferred label: Anisium @de
preferred label: Anisiën @nl
preferred label: Anizis @lt
preferred label: Anizyk @pl
preferred label: Ansin @no
preferred label: anis @sk
preferred label: anisico @it
preferred label: anisusi @hu
preferred label: anizij @sl
preferred label: пниз @bg
preferred label: アニシアン期 @ja
preferred label: 安尼期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Middle Triassic
has end: Base of Ladinian
interval in: Middle Triassic Epoch
interval meets: Ladinian Age
interval met by: Early Triassic Epoch
interval met by: Olenekian Age
interval starts: Middle Triassic Epoch

Aptian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -125.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -113.0 Ma
broader: Early Cretaceous Epoch
broader transitive: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.1.2.2
preferred label: Apt @cs
preferred label: Apti @et
preferred label: Aptian
preferred label: Aptiano @pt
preferred label: Aptien @da
preferred label: Aptiense @es
preferred label: Aptis @lt
preferred label: Aptium @de
preferred label: Aptiën @nl
preferred label: apt @sk
preferred label: apti @hu
preferred label: aptiano @it
preferred label: aptij @sl
preferred label: ппт @bg
preferred label: アプチアン期 @ja
preferred label: 阿普弟期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Aptian
has end: Base of Albian
interval during: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval in: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval meets: Albian Age
interval met by: Barremian Age

Aquitanian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -23.03 Ma
comment: younger bound -20.44 Ma
broader: Miocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Neogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.2.2.6
preferred label: Akvitanis @lt
preferred label: Akwitan @pl
preferred label: Aquitan @cs
preferred label: Aquitani @et
preferred label: Aquitanian
preferred label: Aquitaniano @pt
preferred label: Aquitanien @da
preferred label: Aquitaninse @es
preferred label: Aquitanium @de
preferred label: Aquitaniën-Vierland @nl
preferred label: akvitanij @sl
preferred label: akvitán @sk
preferred label: aquitan @sv
preferred label: aquitaniai @hu
preferred label: aquitaniano @it
preferred label: пквитан @bg
preferred label: アキタニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 阿启坦期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Neogene
has end: Base of Burdigalian
interval in: Miocene Epoch
interval meets: Burdigalian Age
interval met by: Chattian Age
interval met by: Oligocene Epoch
interval met by: Paleogene Period
interval starts: Miocene Epoch

Archean Eon
type: Eon
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -4000 Ma
comment: younger bound -2500 Ma
broader: Precambrian Supereon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Eoarchean Era
narrower: Mesoarchean Era
narrower: Neoarchean Era
narrower: Paleoarchean Era
notation: a2.2
preferred label: Arcaico @es
preferred label: Archaean
preferred label: Archaik @pl
preferred label: Archaikum @cs
preferred label: Archaïcum @nl
preferred label: Archean
preferred label: Archejus @lt
preferred label: Archéen @fr
preferred label: Arhaikum @et
preferred label: Arkeikum @fi
preferred label: Arkæisk @da
preferred label: archaikum @hu
preferred label: archaikum, prahory @sk
preferred label: archeano @it
preferred label: arhaik @sl
preferred label: arkeikum @sv
preferred label: прхай @bg
preferred label: 太古宙 @zh
preferred label: 始生代 @ja
has beginning: Base of Archean
has end: Base of Proterozoic
interval contains: Mesoarchean Era
interval contains: Paleoarchean Era
interval during: Precambrian Supereon
interval finished by: Neoarchean Era
interval in: Precambrian Supereon
interval meets: Paleoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Proterozoic Eon
interval meets: Siderian Period
interval met by: Hadean Eon
interval started by: Eoarchean Era

Artinskian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -290.1 +|-0.26 Ma
comment: younger bound -283.5 +|-0.6 Ma
broader: Cisuralian Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Permian Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.1.3.2
preferred label: Artinsk @cs
preferred label: Artinski @et
preferred label: Artinskian
preferred label: Artinskiano @pt
preferred label: Artinskien @da
preferred label: Artinskiense @es
preferred label: Artinskis @lt
preferred label: Artinskium @de
preferred label: Artinskiën @nl
preferred label: Artiskium @no
preferred label: artinsk @sk
preferred label: artinskiano @it
preferred label: artinskij @sl
preferred label: artyinszki @hu
preferred label: пртин @bg
preferred label: アルティンスキアン期 @ja
preferred label: 亚丁斯克期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Artinskian
has end: Base of Kungurian
interval during: Cisuralian Epoch
interval in: Cisuralian Epoch
interval meets: Kungurian Age
interval met by: Sakmarian Age

Asselian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -298.9 +|-0.15 Ma
comment: younger bound -295.0 +|-0.18 Ma
broader: Cisuralian Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Permian Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.1.3.4
preferred label: Aselis @lt
preferred label: Aselsk @pl
preferred label: Assel @cs
preferred label: Asseli @et
preferred label: Asselian
preferred label: Asseliano @pt
preferred label: Asselien @da
preferred label: Asseliense @es
preferred label: Asselium @de
preferred label: Asseliën @nl
preferred label: Assélien @fr
preferred label: assel @sk
preferred label: asseliano @it
preferred label: asselij @sl
preferred label: asszeli @hu
preferred label: пѿел @bg
preferred label: アセリアン期 @ja
preferred label: 阿瑟尔期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Permian
has end: Base of Sakmarian
interval in: Cisuralian Epoch
interval meets: Sakmarian Age
interval met by: Carboniferous Period
interval met by: Gzhelian Age
interval met by: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
interval met by: Late Mississippian Epoch
interval met by: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval starts: Cisuralian Epoch

Bajocian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -170.3 +|-1.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -168.3 +|-1.3 Ma
broader: Middle Jurassic Epoch
broader transitive: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.2.2.3
preferred label: Bajoc @fi
preferred label: Bajoci @et
preferred label: Bajocian
preferred label: Bajociano @pt
preferred label: Bajocien @da
preferred label: Bajociense @es
preferred label: Bajocium @de
preferred label: Bajociën @nl
preferred label: Bajok @cs
preferred label: Bajos @pl
preferred label: Bajosis @lt
preferred label: bajoc @sv
preferred label: bajoci @hu
preferred label: bajociano @it
preferred label: bajocij @sl
preferred label: bajok @sk
preferred label: Байоѿ @bg
preferred label: バジョシアン期 @ja
preferred label: 巴柔期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Bajocian
has end: Base of Bathonian
interval during: Middle Jurassic Epoch
interval in: Middle Jurassic Epoch
interval meets: Bathonian Age
interval met by: Aalenian Age

Barremian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -129.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -125.0 Ma
broader: Early Cretaceous Epoch
broader transitive: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.1.2.3
preferred label: Baremis @lt
preferred label: Barrem @cs
preferred label: Barremi @et
preferred label: Barremian
preferred label: Barremiano @pt
preferred label: Barremien @da
preferred label: Barremiense @es
preferred label: Barremium @no
preferred label: Barremiën @nl
preferred label: Barrémien @fr
preferred label: Barrêmium @de
preferred label: barrem @sv
preferred label: barremi @hu
preferred label: barremij @sl
preferred label: barém @sk
preferred label: berremiano @it
preferred label: Барем @bg
preferred label: バレミアン期 @ja
preferred label: 巴列姆期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Barremian
has end: Base of Aptian
interval during: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval in: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval meets: Aptian Age
interval met by: Hauterivian Age

Bartonian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -41.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -37.8 Ma
broader: Eocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Paleogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.3.2.2
preferred label: Barton @cs
preferred label: Bartoni @et
preferred label: Bartonian
preferred label: Bartoniano @pt
preferred label: Bartonien @da
preferred label: Bartoniense @es
preferred label: Bartonis @lt
preferred label: Bartonium @de
preferred label: Bartoniën @nl
preferred label: barton @sv
preferred label: bartoni @hu
preferred label: bartoniano @it
preferred label: bartonij @sl
preferred label: bartón @sk
preferred label: Бартон @bg
preferred label: バートニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 巴尔顿期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Bartonian
has end: Base of Priabonian
interval during: Eocene Epoch
interval in: Eocene Epoch
interval meets: Priabonian Age
interval met by: Lutetian Age

Base of Aeronian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Aeronian
in temporal position: BaseAeronianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Aeronian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Aeronian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 8/2, p. 101 103, 1985
source: Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 36 50, 1989
boundary level: within Trefawar Formation
correlation event: Graptolite FAD Monograptus austerus Sequens
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1984
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Aeronian
comment: Trefawr Track Section, Wales, UK

BaseAeronianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseAeronianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 440.8

BaseAeronianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.2
unit type: Ma

Base of Albian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Albian
in temporal position: BaseAlbianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Albian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Candidates include: (1) calcareous nannofossil FAD of Praediscosphaera columnata (= P. cretacea of some earlier studies), (2) carbon-isotope excursion (black-shale episode), (3) ammonite
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2016-04-08
comment: Southeastern France

BaseAlbianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 113.0

BaseAlbianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.0
unit type: Ma

Base of Aptian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Aptian
in temporal position: BaseAptianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Aptian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Magnetic -- Base of Chron M0r; near FAD of Paradeshayesites oglanlensis ammonite zone
comment: candidate is Gorgo a Cerbara, Piobbico, Umbria-Marche, central Italy

BaseAptianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 125.0

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Aquitanian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Base of Archean
type: NumericEraBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
ratified GSSP: true
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
in temporal position: BaseArcheanTime

BaseArcheanTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 4000

Base of Artinskian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Artinskian
in temporal position: BaseArtinskianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Artinskian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Conodont FAD Sweetognathus whitei
status: Anticipated 2009
comment: candidates are in southern Ural Mtns.

BaseArtinskianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseArtinskianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 290.1

BaseArtinskianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.26
unit type: Ma

Base of Bajocian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Bajocian
in temporal position: BaseBajocianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Bajocian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Bajocian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 20/1, p.16 22, 1997
boundary level: Base of Bed AB 11
correlation event: Ammonite FAD Hyperlioceras mundum, Hyperlioceras furcatum, Braunsina aspera, and Braunsina elegantula
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1996
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Bajocian
comment: Murtinheira Section, Cabo Mondego, Portugal

BaseBajocianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseBajocianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 170.3

BaseBajocianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.4
unit type: Ma

Base of Barremian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Barremian
in temporal position: BaseBarremianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Barremian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Ammonite FAD Spitidiscus hugii – Spitidiscus vandeckii group
comment: candidate is Río Argos near Caravaca, Murcia Province, Spain

BaseBarremianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 129.4

Base of Bartonian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Bartonian
in temporal position: BaseBartonianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Bartonian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Calcareous nannofossil near LAD Reticulofenestra reticulata
comment: Contessa highway section near Gubio, Central Apennines, Italy

BaseBartonianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 41.2

Base of Bathonian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Bathonian
in temporal position: BaseBathonianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Bathonian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Bathonian
type: StratigraphicPoint
boundary level: Base of limestone bed RB07
correlation event: Ammonite FAD Gonolkite convergens (defines Base of Zigzagiceras zigzag Zone)
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2008
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Bathonian
comment: Ravin du Bes, Bas Auran area, Alpes de Haute Provence, France

BaseBathonianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseBathonianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 168.3

BaseBathonianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.3
unit type: Ma

Base of Burdigalian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Burdigalian
in temporal position: BaseBurdigalianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Burdigalian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Near planktonic foraminifer FAD of Globigerinoides altiaperturus or near top of magnetic polarity chronozone C6An
comment: Potentially in astronomically tuned ODP core

BaseBurdigalianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 20.44

Base of Calabrian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Calabrian
in temporal position: BaseCalabrianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Calabrian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Calabrian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 35/3, p. 388-397, 2012
source: Episodes 8/2, p. 116 120, 1985
boundary level: Base of the marine claystone overlying the sapropelic marker Bed e (Mediterranean Precession Related Sapropel, MPRS 176)
correlation event: Magnetic 15 kyr after end of Olduvai (C2n) normal polarity chron
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1985 as Base of Pleistocene; Ratified 2011 as Base of Calabrian
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Calabrian
comment: Vrica, Italy

BaseCalabrianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 1.80

Base of Callovian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Callovian
in temporal position: BaseCallovianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Callovian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Ammonite FAD of the genus Kepplerites (Kosmoceratidae) (defines Base of Macrocephalites herveyi Zone in sub-Boreal province of Great Britain to southwest Germany)
comment: candidates are Pfeffingen (Swabian Alb, SW Germany) and in Russia

BaseCallovianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseCallovianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 166.1

BaseCallovianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.2
unit type: Ma

Base of Cambrian Series 2
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 3
alternative label: Base of Cambrian Stage 3
in temporal position: BaseCambrianSeries2Time

Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 3
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Trilobites -- their FAD

BaseCambrianSeries2Time
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 521

Base of Cambrian Series 3
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Instant
is replaced by: Base of Miaolingian
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Miaolingian
alternative label: Base of Cambrian Stage 5
in temporal position: MiaolingianTime

Base of Cambrian Stage 10
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 10
in temporal position: BaseCambrianStage10Time

Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 10
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Trilobite FAD of Lotagnostus americanus. An internal substage division might be FAD of Codylodus adesei conodont
comment: candidate section is Duibian (Zhejiang province, China)

BaseCambrianStage10Time
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 489.5

Base of Cambrian Stage 2
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 2
in temporal position: BaseCambrianStage2Time

Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 2
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Small Shelly Fossils, or Archaeocyathid species

BaseCambrianStage2Time
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 529

Base of Cambrian Stage 4
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 4
in temporal position: BaseCambrianStage4Time

Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 4
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Trilobite FAD Olenellus or Redlichia

BaseCambrianStage4Time
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 514

Base of Campanian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Campanian
in temporal position: BaseCampanianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Campanian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Crinoid LAD Marsupites testudinarius
comment: candidates are in southern England and in Texas

BaseCampanianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseCampanianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 83.6

BaseCampanianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.2
unit type: Ma

Base of Capitanian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Capitanian
in temporal position: BaseCapitanianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Capitanian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Capitanian
type: StratigraphicPoint
boundary level: 4.5m above the Base of the outcrop section of the Pinery Limestone Member of the Bell Canyon Formation
correlation event: Conodont FAD Jinogondolella postserrata |
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2001
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Capitanian
comment: Nipple Hill, SE Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, U.S.A

BaseCapitanianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseCapitanianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 265.1

BaseCapitanianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.4
unit type: Ma

Base of Carboniferous
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Carboniferous
alternative label: Base of Early Mississippian
alternative label: Base of Mississippian
alternative label: Base of Tournaisian
in temporal position: BaseCarboniferousTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Carboniferous
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Carboniferous
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 14/4, p. 331 336, 1991
source: Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 43/2, p. 195 205, 2009
boundary level: Base of Bed 89 in Trench E’ at La Serre, (but FAD now known to be at Base of Bed 85)
correlation event: Conodont FAD Siphonodella sulcata IMPRECISE (Stratotype Point discovered in 2006 to have biostratigraphic problems, and can not be correlated with precision.)
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1990
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Carboniferous
comment: La Serre, France

BaseCarboniferousTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseCarboniferousUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 358.9

BaseCarboniferousUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.4
unit type: Ma

Base of Cenozoic
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Cenozoic
alternative label: Base of Danian
alternative label: Base of Paleocene
alternative label: Base of Paleogene
in temporal position: BaseCenozoicTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Cenozoic
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Cenozoic
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 29/4, p. 263 278, 2006
boundary level: reddish layer at the Base of the 50cm thick, dark boundary clay
correlation event: Iridium geochemical anomaly. Associated with a major extinction horizon (dinosaurs, ammonites, foraminifers, etc.)
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1991
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Cenozoic
comment: Oued Djerfane, west of El Kef, Tunisia

BaseCenozoicTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 66.0

Base of Changhsingian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Changhsingian
in temporal position: BaseChanghsingianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Changhsingian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Changhsingian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 29/3, p. 175 182, 2006
boundary level: Base of Bed 4a 2, 88 cm above the Base of the Changxing Limestone at the Meishan D Section
correlation event: Conodont FAD Clarkina wangi
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2005
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Changhsingian
comment: Meishan, Zhejiang Province, China

BaseChanghsingianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseChanghsingianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 254.14

BaseChanghsingianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.07
unit type: Ma

Base of Chattian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Chattian
in temporal position: BaseChattianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Chattian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Nanno et al. exp. 2017
correlation event: Potentially extinction of planktonic foraminifer Chiloguembelina (Base of Foram Zone P21b) or an isotopic/climatic event
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2016-10-01
comment: Possibly Monte Cagnero, Umbria-Marche region, Italy

BaseChattianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 27.82

Base of Coniacian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Coniaician
in temporal position: BaseConiacianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Coniaician
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Inoceramid bivalve FAD Cremnoceramus rotundatus (sensu Tröger non Fiege)
comment: candidates are in Poland (Slupia Nadbrzena), USA (Pueblo, Colorado), and Germany (Salzgitter-Salder Quarry)

BaseConiacianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseConiacianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 89.8

BaseConiacianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.3
unit type: Ma

Base of Cretaceous
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
alternative label: Base of Berriasian
alternative label: Base of Lower Cretaceous
in temporal position: BaseCretaceousTime

Stratotype Point Base of Cretaceous
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Candidates include: (1) Magnetic -- Base of Chron M18r, (2) Base of Calpionellid zone B, (3) ammonite FAD of Berriasella jacobi

BaseCretaceousTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 145.0

Base of Cryogenian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
ratified GSSP: false
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
in temporal position: BaseCryogenianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Cryogenian
type: StratigraphicPoint
comment: Defined chronometrically; but will be replaced by GSSP. First glacial episode occurred after 750 Ma

BaseCryogenianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 720

Base of Darriwillian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Darriwilian
preferred label: Base of Darriwilian
in temporal position: BaseDarriwilianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Darriwilian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Darriwilian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 20/3, p. 158 166, 1997
boundary level: Base of Bed AEP 184
correlation event: Graptolite FAD Undulograptus austrodentatus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1987
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Darriwilian
comment: Huangnitang section, Changshan, Zhejiang Province, SE China

BaseDarriwilianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseDarriwilianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 467.3

BaseDarriwilianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.1
unit type: Ma

Base of Devonian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Devonian
alternative label: Base of Lochkovian
alternative label: Base of Lower Devonian
in temporal position: BaseDevonianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Devonian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Devonian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: IUGS Series A, 5, p. 96 109, 1977
boundary level: within Bed 20
correlation event: Graptolite FAD Monograptus uniformis
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1972
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Devonian
comment: Klonk, near Prague, Czech Republic

BaseDevonianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseDevonianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 419.2

BaseDevonianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 3.2
unit type: Ma

Base of Drumian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Drumian
in temporal position: BaseDrumianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Guzhangian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Drumian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 30/2,p. 85 95, 2007
boundary level: at the Base of a dark gray thinly laminated calcisiltite layer, 62 m above the Base of the Wheeler Formation
correlation event: Trilobite FAD Ptychagnostus atavus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2006
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Guzhangian
comment: Drum Mountains, Millard County, Utah, USA

BaseDrumianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 504.5

Base of Ectasian
type: NumericEraBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
ratified GSSP: true
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
in temporal position: BaseEctasianTime

BaseEctasianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 1400

Base of Ediacaran
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Ediacaran
in temporal position: BaseEdiacaranTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Ediacaran
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Ediacaran
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Lethaia 39, p.13 30, 2006
boundary level: Base of the Marinoan cap Carbonate
correlation event: (1) rapid decay of Marinoan ice sheets and onset of distinct cap carbonates throughout the world, and (2) the beginning of a distinctive pattern of secular changes in carbon isotopes.
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1990
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Ediacaran
comment: Enorama Creek, Flinders Ranges, South Australia

BaseEdiacaranTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 635

Base of Emsian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Emsian
in temporal position: BaseEmsianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Emsian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Emsian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 20/4, p. 235 240, 1997
boundary level: Base of Bed 9/5
correlation event: Conodont FAD Polygnathus kitabicus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1995
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Emsian
comment: Zinzil'ban Gorge in the Kitab State Geological Reserve, Uzbekistan

BaseEmsianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseEmsianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 407.6

BaseEmsianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 2.6
unit type: Ma

Base of Eocene
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Eocene
alternative label: Base of Ypresian
in temporal position: BaseEoceneTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Eocene
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Eocene
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 30/4, p. 271 286, 2007
source: Micropaleontology 49/1, p.41 59, 2003
boundary level: Base of Bed 1 in DBH subsection
correlation event: Carbon Isotope Excursion base, initiation of basal Eocene Thermal maximum (PETM)
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2003
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Eocene
comment: Dababiya, near Luxor, Egypt

BaseEoceneTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 56

Base of Famennian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Famennian
in temporal position: BaseFamennianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Famennian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Famennian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 16/4, p. 433 441, 1993
boundary level: Base of Bed 32a
correlation event: Conodont FAD Palmatolepis triangularis, just above a major extinction horizon (Kellwasser Event) with conodont LADs Ancyrodella and Ozarkodina, and Goniatite LADs of Gephuroceratidae and Beloceratidae
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1993
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Famennian
comment: Coumiac Quarry, near Cessenon, Montagne Noire, France

BaseFamennianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseFamennianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 372.2

BaseFamennianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.6
unit type: Ma

Base of Floian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Floian
in temporal position: BaseFloianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Floian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Floian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 27/4, p. 265 272, 2004
boundary level: in the lower Tøyen Shale, 2.1m above the top of the Cambrian
correlation event: Graptolite FAD Tetragraptus approximatus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2002
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Floian
comment: Diabasbrottet, Hunneberg, Sweden

BaseFloianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseFloianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 477.7

BaseFloianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.4
unit type: Ma

Base of Furongian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Furongian
alternative label: Base of Paibian
in temporal position: BaseFurongianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Furongian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Furongian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Lethaia 37, p. 365 379, 2004
boundary level: at 396 m in the Huaqiao Formation
correlation event: Trilobite FAD Glyptagnostus reticulatus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2003
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Furongian
comment: Wuling Mountains, Huayuan County, NW Hunan Province, China

BaseFurongianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 497

Base of Givetian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Givetian
in temporal position: BaseGivetianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Givetian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Givetian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 18/3, p. 107 115, 1995
boundary level: Base of Bed 123
correlation event: Conodont FAD Polygnathus hemiansatus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1994
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Givetian
comment: Jebel Mech Irdane, Morocco

BaseGivetianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseGivetianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 387.7

BaseGivetianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.8
unit type: Ma

Base of Guadalupian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Guadalupian
alternative label: Base of Roadian
in temporal position: BaseGuadalupianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Guadalupian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Guadalupian
type: StratigraphicPoint
boundary level: 42.7m above the Base of the Cutoff Formation
correlation event: Conodont FAD Jinogondolella nankingensis
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2001
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Guadalupian
comment: Stratotype Canyon, Texas, U.S.A

BaseGuadalupianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseGuadalupianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 272.95

BaseGuadalupianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.11
unit type: Ma

Base of Guzhangian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Guzhangian
in temporal position: BaseGuzhangianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Guzhangian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Guzhangian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 32/1, p.41-55, 2009
boundary level: 121.3 m above the Base of the Huaqiao Formation
correlation event: Trilobite FAD Lejopyge Laevigata
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2008
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Guzhangian
comment: Louyixi, Guzhang County, NW Hunan Province, S. China

BaseGuzhangianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 500.5

Base of Gzhelian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Gzhelian
in temporal position: BaseGzhelianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Gzhelian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Conodont FAD Idiognathodus simulator (s.str.). Close to FAD of ammonoid Shumardites.
comment: candidates are in southern Urals or Nashui (south China).

BaseGzhelianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseGzhelianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 303.7

BaseGzhelianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.1
unit type: Ma

Base of Hauterivian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Hauterivian
in temporal position: BaseHauterivianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Hauterivian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Ammonite FAD of genus Acanthodiscus (especially A. radiatus)
comment: candidate is La Charce village, Drôme Province, southeast France

BaseHauterivianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 132.9

Base of Hirnantian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Hirnantian
in temporal position: BaseHirnantianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Hirnantian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Hirnantian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 29/3, p. 183 196, 2006
boundary level: 0.39m below the Base of the Kuanyinchiao Bed
correlation event: Graptolite FAD Normalograptus extraordinarius
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2006
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Hirnantian
comment: Wangjiawan North section, N of Yichang city, Western Hubei Province, China

BaseHirnantianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseHirnantianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 445.2

BaseHirnantianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.4
unit type: Ma

Base of Holocene
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Holocene
in temporal position: BaseHoloceneTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Holocene
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Holocene
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 31/2, 2008
source: J. Quaternary Sci., Vol. 24 pp. 3–17, 2009
boundary level: 1492.45m depth in Borehole NGRIP2
correlation event: Climatic -- End of the Younger Dryas cold spell, which is reflected in a shift in deuterium excess values
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2008
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Holocene
comment: NorthGRIP2 ice core, central Greenland

BaseHoloceneTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Years before present (1950)
numeric position: 11700

Base of Homerian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Homerian
in temporal position: BaseHomerianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Homerian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Homerian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 5/3, p. 21 23, 1982
source: Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 51 73, 1989
source: Lethaia 14
boundary level: within upper part of the Apedale Member of the Coalbrookdale Formation
correlation event: Graptolite FAD Cyrtograptus lundgreni
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1980
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Homerian
comment: Sheinton Brook, Homer, UK

BaseHomerianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseHomerianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 430.5

BaseHomerianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.7
unit type: Ma

Base of Jiangshanian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Jiangshanian
in temporal position: BaseJiangshanianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Jiangshanian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Jiangshanian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 35/4, p.462-477, 2012
boundary level: 28.2 m in Duibian B section
correlation event: FAD of agnostid trilobite Agnostotes orientalis and the FO of polymerid trilobite Irvingella angustilimbata
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2011
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Jiangshanian
comment: Duibian B section, Zhejiang province, China

BaseJiangshanianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 494

Base of Jurassic
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Jurassic
alternative label: Base of Hettangian
alternative label: Base of Lower Jurassic
in temporal position: BaseJurassicTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Jurassic
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Jurassic
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 36/3, p. 162-198, 2013
boundary level: 5.80 m above top of Koessen Formation
correlation event: FO of ammonite Psiloceras spelae tirolicum, FO of aragonitic foraminifer Praegubkinella turgescens
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2010
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Jurassic
comment: Kuhjoch section,Tyrol, Austria

BaseJurassicTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseJurassicUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 201.3

BaseJurassicUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.2
unit type: Ma

Base of Katian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Katian
in temporal position: BaseKatianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Katian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Katian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 30/4, p.258 270, 2007
boundary level: 4.0m above the Base of the Bigfork Chert
correlation event: Graptolite FAD Diplacanthograptus caudatus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2006
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Katian
comment: Black Knob Ridge Section, Atoka, Oklahoma (USA)

BaseKatianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseKatianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 453

BaseKatianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.7
unit type: Ma

Base of Kimmeridgian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Kimmeridgian
in temporal position: BaseKimmeridgianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Kimmeridgian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Kimmeridgian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Ammonite near Base of Pictonia baylei ammonite zone of Boreal realm
status: Anticipated 2009
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Kimmeridgian
comment: candidate is Flodigarry (Isle of Skye, NW Scotland)

BaseKimmeridgianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseKimmeridgianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 157.3

BaseKimmeridgianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.0
unit type: Ma

Base of Kungurian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Kungurian
in temporal position: BaseKungurianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Kungurian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Near conodont FAD Neostreptognathus pnevi - N. exculptus
status: Anticipated 2009
comment: candidates are in southern Ural Mtns.

BaseKungurianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseKungurianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 283.5

BaseKungurianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.6
unit type: Ma

Base of Ladinian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Ladinian
in temporal position: BaseLadinianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Ladinian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Ladinian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 28/4, p. 233 244, 2005
boundary level: Base of a 15 20cm thick limestone bed overlying a distinctive groove (Chiesense groove) of limestone nodules in a shaly matrix, located about 5m above the Base of the Buchenstein Beds
correlation event: Ammonite FAD Eoprotrachyceras curionii (Base of the E. curionii zone). Conodont FAD Budurovignathus praehungaricus is in the uppermost Anisian.
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2005
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Ladinian
comment: Bagolino, Province of Brescia, Northern Italy

BaseLadinianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 242

Base of Langhian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Langhian
in temporal position: BaseLanghianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Langhian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Near planktonic foraminifer FAD of Praeorbulina glomerosa and top of magnetic polarity chronozone C5Cn.1n
comment: Potentially in astronomically tuned ODP core (Leg 154) or in Italy (Moria or La Vedova)

BaseLanghianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 15.97

Base of Late Cretaceous
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
replaces: Base of Upper Cretaceous
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Upper Cretaceous
alternative label: Base of Cenomanian
in temporal position: BaseLateCretaceousTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Upper Cretaceous
type: Geometry
type: Point

BaseLateCretaceousTime
type: TimePosition
replaces: BaseUpperCretaceousTime
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 100.5

Base of Late Devonian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
replaces: Base of Upper Devonian
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Late Devonian
alternative label: Base of Frasnian
in temporal position: BaseLateDevonianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Upper Devonian
type: Geometry
type: Point

BaseLateDevonianTime
type: TimePosition
replaces: BaseUpperDevonianTime
positional uncertainty: BaseLateDevonianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 382.7

BaseLateDevonianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.6
unit type: Ma

Base of Late Jurassic
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
replaces: Base of Upper Jurassic
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Upper Jurassic
alternative label: Base of Oxfordian
in temporal position: BaseLateJurassicTime

BaseLateJurassicTime
type: TimePosition
replaces: BaseUpperJurassicTime
positional uncertainty: BaseLateJurassicUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 163.5

BaseLateJurassicUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.0
unit type: Ma

Base of Late Mississippian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
replaces: Base of Upper Mississippian
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Upper Mississippian
alternative label: Base of Serpukhovian
in temporal position: BaseLateMississippianTime

BaseLateMississippianTime
type: TimePosition
replaces: BaseUpperMississippianTime
positional uncertainty: BaseLateMississippianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 330.9

BaseLateMississippianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.2
unit type: Ma

Base of Late Ordovician
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
replaces: Base of Upper Ordovician
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Upper Ordovician
alternative label: Base of Sandbian
in temporal position: BaseLateOrdovicianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Upper Ordovician
type: Geometry
type: Point

BaseLateOrdovicianTime
type: TimePosition
replaces: BaseUpperOrdovicianTime
positional uncertainty: BaseLateOrdovicianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 458.4

BaseLateOrdovicianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.9
unit type: Ma

Base of Late Pennsylvanian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
replaces: Base of Upper Pennsylvanian
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Upper Pennsylvanian
alternative label: Base of Kasimovian
in temporal position: BaseLatePennsylvanianTime

BaseLatePennsylvanianTime
type: TimePosition
replaces: BaseUpperPennsylvanianTime
positional uncertainty: BaseLatePennsylvanianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 307

BaseLatePennsylvanianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.1
unit type: Ma

Base of Late Pleistocene
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
replaces: Base of Upper Pleistocene
in temporal position: BaseLatePleistoceneTime

BaseLatePleistoceneTime
type: TimePosition
replaces: BaseUpperPleistoceneTime
has TRS: Years before present (1950)
numeric position: 126000

Base of Late Triassic
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
replaces: Base of Upper Triassic
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Upper Triassic
alternative label: Base of Carnian
in temporal position: BaseLateTriassicTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Upper Triassic
type: Geometry
type: Point

BaseLateTriassicTime
type: TimePosition
replaces: BaseUpperTriassicTime
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 237

Base of Lopingian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Lopingian
alternative label: Base of Wuchiapingian
in temporal position: BaseLopingianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Lopingian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Lopingian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 29/4, p. 253 262, 2006
boundary level: Base of Bed 6k in the Penglaitan Section
correlation event: Conodont FAD Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2004
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Lopingian
comment: Penglaitan, Guanxi Province, South China

BaseLopingianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseLopingianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 259.1

BaseLopingianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.5
unit type: Ma

Base of Ludfordian Stage
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Ludfordian
in temporal position: BaseLudfordianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Ludfordian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Ludfordian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 5/3, p. 2123, 1982
source: Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 73 90, 1989
source: Lethaia 14
boundary level: coincident with the Base of the Leintwardine Formation
correlation event: Imprecise. May be near Base of Saetograptus leintwardinensis Graptolite zone.
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1980
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Ludfordian
comment: near Ludlow, UK

BaseLudfordianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseLudfordianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 425.6

BaseLudfordianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.9
unit type: Ma

Base of Ludlow
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Ludlow
alternative label: Base of Gorstian
in temporal position: BaseLudlowPosition

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Ludlow
type: Geometry
type: Point

BaseLudlowPosition
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseLudlowUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 427.4

Stratotype Point Base of Ludlow
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 5/3, p. 21-23, 1982;
source: Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 73 90, 1989
source: Lethaia 14
boundary level: coincident with the Base of the Lower Elton Formation
correlation event: near Ludlow, UK | coincident with the Base of the Lower Elton Formation |Graptolite FAD Saetograptus (Colonograptus) varians
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1980
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Ludlow
comment: near Ludlow, UK

BaseLudlowUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.5
unit type: Ma

Base of Lutetian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Lutetian
in temporal position: BaseLutetianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Lutetian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Lutetian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 34/2, p.86 - 108, 2011
boundary level: dark marl at 167.85 m in Gorrondatxe sea-cliff section
correlation event: LO of calcareous nannofossil Blackites inflatus (CP12a/b boundary); middle of polarity Chron C21r
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2011
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Lutetian
comment: Gorrondatxe section, Basque Country, Spain

BaseLutetianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 47.8

Base of Maastrichtian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Maastrichtian
in temporal position: BaseMaastrichtianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Maastrichtian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Maastrichtian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 24/4, p. 229 238, 2001
boundary level: level 115.2 on platform IV of the geological site at Tercis les Bains
correlation event: Mean of 12 biostratigraphic criteria of equal importance. Closely above is FAD of ammonite Pachydiscus neubergicus. Boreal proxy is FAD of belemnite Belemnella lanceolata.
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2001
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Maastrichtian
comment: Tercis les Bains, Landes, France

BaseMaastrichtianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseMaastrichtianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 72.1

BaseMaastrichtianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.2
unit type: Ma

Base of Meghalayan
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Auxiliary Stratotype Point Base of Meghalayan
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Meghalayan
in temporal position: BaseMeghalayanTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Meghalayan
type: Geometry
type: Point

Auxiliary Stratotype Point Base of Meghalayan
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: International Commission on Stratigraphy - Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch
ratified GSSP: true
status: Auxiliary stratotype ratified 2018
comment: Global Auxiliary Stratotype, Mount Logan ice core, Canada

Stratotype Point Base of Meghalayan
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: International Commission on Stratigraphy - Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2018-06-26
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Middle Ordovician
comment: Mawmluh Cave speleothem, Meghalaya, India.

BaseMeghalayanTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Years before present (1950)
numeric position: 4200

Base of Mesoarchean
type: NumericEraBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
ratified GSSP: true
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
in temporal position: BaseMesoarcheanTime

BaseMesoarcheanTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 3200

Base of Mesoproterozoic
type: NumericEraBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
ratified GSSP: true
alternative label: Base of Calymmian
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
in temporal position: BaseMesoproterozoicTime

BaseMesoproterozoicTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 1600

Base of Mesozoic
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Mesozoic
alternative label: Base of Induan
alternative label: Base of Lower Triassic
alternative label: Base of Triassic
in temporal position: BaseMesozoicTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Mesozoic
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Mesozoic
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 24/2, p. 102 114, 2001
boundary level: Base of Bed 27c in the Meishan D Section
correlation event: Conodont FAD Hindeodus parvus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2001
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Mesozoic
comment: Meishan, Zhejiang Province, China

BaseMesozoicTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseMesozoicUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 251.902

BaseMesozoicUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.024
unit type: Ma

Base of Messinian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Messinian
in temporal position: BaseMessinianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Messinian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Messinian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 23/3, p. 172 178, 2000
boundary level: reddish layer of sedimentary cycle number 15
correlation event: Planktonic foraminifer first regular occurrence of Globorotalia miotumida, and calcareous nannofossil FAD Amaurolithus delicatus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2000
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Messinian
comment: Oued Akrech, Morocco

BaseMessinianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 7.246

Base of Miaolingian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
replaces: Base of Cambrian Series 3
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Miaolingian
alternative label: Base of Cambrian Series 3
in temporal position: MiaolingianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Miaolingian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Trilobite, potentially FAD of Oryctocephalus indicus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2018-06-26
comment: Wuliu-Zengjiayan (east Guizhou, China)

Base of Middle Devonian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Devonian
alternative label: Base of Eifelian
in temporal position: BaseMiddleDevonianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Middle Devonian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Middle Devonian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 8/2, p. 104 109, 1985
boundary level: 21.25m above the Base of the exposed section, Base of sample station WP30
correlation event: Conodont FAD Polygnathus costatus partitus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1985
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Middle Devonian
comment: Wetteldorf, Eifel Hills, Germany

BaseMiddleDevonianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseMiddleDevonianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 393.3

BaseMiddleDevonianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.2
unit type: Ma

Base of Middle Jurassic
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Jurassic
alternative label: Base of Aalenian
in temporal position: BaseMiddleJurassicTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Middle Jurassic
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Middle Jurassic
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 24/3, p.166 175, 2001
boundary level: Base of Bed FZ 107
correlation event: Ammonite FAD Leioceras opalinum and Leioceras lineatum
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2000
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Middle Jurassic
comment: Fuentelsaz, Spain

BaseMiddleJurassicTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseMiddleJurassicUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 174.1

BaseMiddleJurassicUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.0
unit type: Ma

Base of Middle Mississippian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Mississippian
label: Base of Visean
in temporal position: BaseMiddleMississippianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Middle Mississippian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Middle Mississippian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 26/2, p. 105 –115, 2003
boundary level: Base of bed 83 in the Pengchong Section
correlation event: Benthic Foraminifer FAD Eoparastaffella simplex
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2008
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Middle Mississippian
comment: Pengchong, south China

BaseMiddleMississippianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseMiddleMississippianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 346.7

BaseMiddleMississippianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.4
unit type: Ma

Base of Middle Ordovician
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Ordovician
alternative label: Base of Dapingian
in temporal position: BaseMiddleOrdovicianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Middle Ordovician
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Middle Ordovician
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 28/2, p. 105 117, 2005
source: Episodes 32/2, p. 96 113, 2009
boundary level: 10.57 m above Base of the Dawan Formation
correlation event: Conodont FAD of Baltoniodus triangularis
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2007
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Middle Ordovician
comment: Huanghuachang Section, NE of Yichang city, Hubei Province, S. China

BaseMiddleOrdovicianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseMiddleOrdovicianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 470.0

BaseMiddleOrdovicianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.4
unit type: Ma

Base of Middle Pennsylvanian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
alternative label: Base of Moscovian
in temporal position: BaseMiddlePennsylvanianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Middle Pennsylvanian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Either conodont FAD Idiognathoides postsulcatus or Declinognathodus donetzianus.
comment: candidates are in southern Urals or Nashui (south China).

BaseMiddlePennsylvanianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseMiddlePennsylvanianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 315.2

BaseMiddlePennsylvanianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.2
unit type: Ma

Base of Middle Pleistocene
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
in temporal position: BaseMiddlePleistoceneTime

BaseMiddlePleistoceneTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 0.781

Base of Middle Triassic
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Triassic
alternative label: Base of Anisian
in temporal position: BaseMiddleTriassicTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Middle Triassic
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Middle Triassic
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Albertiana 36, 2007
boundary level: In Section B, the Stratotype Point level will be either the FAD of conodont Chiosella timorensis at the Base of Bed GR7 at ca. 7 m; OR the Base of magnetozone MT1n at the 5.7 m level.
correlation event: Conodont FAD Chiosella timorensis or Magnetic -- Base of magnetic polarity MT1n
status: Anticipated 2009
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Middle Triassic
comment: Candidate section at Desli Caira (Dobrogea, Romania); significant sections in Guizhou Province (China) and South Primorye (Russia)

BaseMiddleTriassicTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 247.2

Base of Neoarchean
type: NumericEraBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
ratified GSSP: true
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
in temporal position: BaseNeoarcheanTime

BaseNeoarcheanTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 2800

Base of Neogene
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Neogene
alternative label: Base of Aquitanian
alternative label: Base of Miocene
in temporal position: BaseNeogeneTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Neogene
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Neogene
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 20/1, p. 23 28, 1997
boundary level: 35m from the top of the section
correlation event: Magnetic Base of Chron C6Cn.2n planktonic foraminifer FAD of Paragloborotalia kugleri calcareous nannofossil near LAD Reticulofenestra bisecta (Base of Zone NN1) Oxygen isotopic event Mi 1.
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1996
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Neogene
comment: Lemme Carrioso Section, Allessandria Province, Italy

BaseNeogeneTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 23.03

Base of Neoproterozoic
type: NumericEraBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
ratified GSSP: true
alternative label: Base of Tonian
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
in temporal position: BaseNeoproterozoicTime

BaseNeoproterozoicTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 1000

Base of Norian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Norian
in temporal position: BaseNorianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Norian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Base of Stikinoceras kerri ammonoid zone and near FAD of Metapolygnathus echinatus within the M. communisti conodont zones
comment: Candidates are Black Bear Ridge in British Columbia (Canada) and Pizzo Mondello, Sicily (Italy)

BaseNorianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 227

Base of Northgrippian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Auxiliary Stratotype Point Base of Northgrippian
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Northgrippian
in temporal position: BaseNorthgrippianTime

Auxiliary Stratotype Point Base of Northgrippian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: International Commission on Stratigraphy - Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch
ratified GSSP: true
status: Auxiliary Stratotype Ratified 2018
comment: Global AuxiliaryStratotype: Gruta do Padre Cave speleothem, Brazil

Stratotype Point Base of Northgrippian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: International Commission on Stratigraphy - Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2018-06-26
comment: Global AuxiliaryStratotype: Gruta do Padre Cave speleothem, Brazil
comment: NorthGRIP1 ice core, Greenland
comment: NorthGRIP1 ice core, Greenland.

BaseNorthgrippianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Years before present (1950)
numeric position: 8276

Base of Olenekian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Olenekian
in temporal position: BaseOlenekianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Olenekian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Olenekian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Albertiana 36, 2007
boundary level: Base of Bed 13A-2, about 4.8m up in Mikin Formation., Section M04 (~4000 m elevation)
correlation event: Conodont FAD Neospathodus waageni, just above Base of Rohillites rohilla ammonite zone, and below lowest occurrence of Flemingites and Euflemingites ammonite genera. Within a prominent positive Carbon-13 peak, and just above widely recognizable sequence boundary.
status: Anticipated 2009
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Olenekian
comment: Candidate Stratotype Point Mud (Muth) village, Spiti valley, northwest India

BaseOlenekianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 251.2

Base of Oligocene
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Oligocene
alternative label: Base of Rupelian
in temporal position: BaseOligoceneTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Oligocene
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Oligocene
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 16/3, p.379 382, 2001
boundary level: Base of a 0.5m thick greenishgrey marl bed 19m above Base of section
correlation event: Foraminifer LAD Hantkenina and ribrohantkenina
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1992
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Oligocene
comment: Massignano, near Ancona, Italy

BaseOligoceneTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 33.9

Base of Ordovician
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Ordovician
alternative label: Base of Lower Ordovician
alternative label: Base of Tremadocian
in temporal position: BaseOrdovicianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Ordovician
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Ordovician
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 24/1, p. 19 28, 2001
boundary level: at the 101.8m level, within Bed 23, in the measured section
correlation event: Conodont FAD Iapetognathus fluctivagus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2000
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Ordovician
comment: Green Point Section, western Newfoundland

BaseOrdovicianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseOrdovicianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 485.4

BaseOrdovicianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.9
unit type: Ma

Base of Orosirian
type: NumericEraBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
ratified GSSP: true
in temporal position: BaseOrosirianTime

BaseOrosirianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 2050

Base of Paleoarchean
type: NumericEraBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
ratified GSSP: true
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
in temporal position: BasePaleoarcheanTime

BasePaleoarcheanTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 3600

Base of Pennsylvanian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Pennsylvanian
alternative label: Base of Bashkirian
alternative label: Base of Lower Pennsylvanian
in temporal position: BasePennsylvanianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Pennsylvanian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Pennsylvanian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 22/4, p. 272 283, 1999
boundary level: 82.9m above the top of the Battleship Formation in the lower Bird Spring Formation
correlation event: Conodont FAD Declinognathodus noduliferus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1996
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Pennsylvanian
comment: Arrow Canyon, Nevada

BasePennsylvanianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BasePennsylvanianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 323.2

BasePennsylvanianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.4
unit type: Ma

Base of Permian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Permian
alternative label: Base of Asselian
alternative label: Base of Cisuralian
in temporal position: BasePermianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Permian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Permian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 21/1, p. 11 18, 1998
boundary level: 27m above the Base of Bed 19, Aidaralash Creek
correlation event: Conodont FAD of isolated-nodular morphotype of Streptognathodus wabaunsensis
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1996
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Permian
comment: Aidaralash Creek, Kazakhstan

BasePermianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BasePermianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 298.9

BasePermianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.15
unit type: Ma

Base of Phanerozoic
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Phanerozoic
alternative label: Base of Cambrian
alternative label: Base of Fortunian
alternative label: Base of Paleozoic
alternative label: Base of Terreneuvian
in temporal position: BasePhanerozoicTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Phanerozoic
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Phanerozoic
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 17/1 2, p. 95 100, 1994
boundary level: 2.4m above the Base of Member 2 in the Chapel Island Formation
correlation event: Trace fossil FAD Trichophycus pedum
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1992
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Phanerozoic
comment: Fortune Head, SE Newfoundland, Canada

BasePhanerozoicTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BasePhanerozoicUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 541.0

BasePhanerozoicUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.0
unit type: Ma

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Piacenzian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Base of Piacenzian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Piacenzian
in temporal position: BasePiacenzianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Piacenzian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 21/2, p. 88 93, 1998
boundary level: Base of the beige marl bed of small-scale carbonate cycle 77 (MPRS 347)
correlation event: Magnetic Gauss/Gilbert (C2An/C2Ar) magnetic reversal is recorded immediately above the GSSP
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1997
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Piacenzian
comment: Punta Piccola, Sicily, Italy

BasePiacenzianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 3.6

Base of Pliensbachian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Pliensbachian
in temporal position: BasePliensbachianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Pliensbachian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Pliensbachian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 29/2, p.93 106, 2006
boundary level: Base of Bed 73b
correlation event: Ammonite association of Bifericeras donovani and Apoderoceras sp.
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2005
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Pliensbachian
comment: Wine Haven, Robin Hoods Bay, Yorkshire Coast, England

BasePliensbachianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BasePliensbachianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 190.8

BasePliensbachianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.0
unit type: Ma

Base of Pliocene
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Pliocene
alternative label: Base of Zanclean
in temporal position: BasePlioceneTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Pliocene
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Pliocene
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 23/3, p. 179 187, 2000
boundary level: Base of the Trubi Formation which corresponds to Insolation cycle 510
correlation event: Magnetic Base of the Thvera magnetic event (C3n.4n) is only 96 kyr (5 precession cycles) younger than the GSSP.
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2000
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Pliocene
comment: Eraclea Minoa, Sicily, Italy

BasePlioceneTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 5.333

Base of Pragian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Pragian
in temporal position: BasePragianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Pragian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Pragian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 12/2, p. 109 113, 1989
boundary level: Base of Bed 12 in Velka Chuchle Quarry
correlation event: Conodont FAD Eognathodus sulcatus sulcatus and Latericriodus steinachensis Morph beta
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1989
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Pragian
comment: Velka Chuchle, Prague, Czech Republic

BasePragianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BasePragianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 410.8

BasePragianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 2.8
unit type: Ma

Base of Priabonian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Priabonian
in temporal position: BasePriabonianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Priabonian
type: StratigraphicPoint
boundary level: Tiziano Bed
correlation event: Calcareous nannofossil near FAD Chiasmolithus oamaruensis (Base of Zone NP18)
comment: Alano section, Piave River; Veneto Prealps, Belluno province, N. Italy

BasePriabonianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 37.8

Base of Pridoli
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Pridoli
in temporal position: BasePridoliTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Pridoli
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Pridoli
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 8/2, p. 101 103, 1985
source: Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 90 100, 1989
boundary level: within Bed 96
correlation event: Graptolite FAD Monograptus parultimus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1984
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Pridoli
comment: Požáry Section, Reporyje, Prague, Czech Republic

BasePridoliTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BasePridoliUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 423

BasePridoliUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 2.3
unit type: Ma

Base of Proterozoic
type: NumericEraBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
ratified GSSP: true
alternative label: Base of Paleoproterozoic
alternative label: Base of Siderian
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
in temporal position: BaseProterozoicTime

BaseProterozoicTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 2500

Base of Quaternary
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Quaternary
alternative label: Base of Gelasian
alternative label: Base of Pleistocene
in temporal position: BaseQuaternaryTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Quaternary
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Quaternary
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 21/2, p. 82 87, 1998
source: Episodes 33/3, p. 152-158, 2010
boundary level: Base of marly layer overlying sapropel MPRS 250
correlation event: Magnetic Matuyama/Gauss boundary (C2r/C2An) is 1m below GSSP. Stratotype Point level is within Marine Isotope Stage 103.
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1996
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Quaternary
comment: Monte San Nicola, Sicily, Italy

BaseQuaternaryTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 2.58

Base of Rhaetian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Rhaetian
in temporal position: BaseRhaetianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Rhaetian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Near FAD of ammonite Cochloceras, conodonts Misikella spp. and Epigondolella mosheri, and radiolarian Proparvicingula moniliformis
comment: Key sections in Austria, British Columbia (Canada), and Turkey

BaseRhaetianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 208.5

Base of Rhyacian
type: NumericEraBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
ratified GSSP: true
in temporal position: BaseRhyacianTime

BaseRhyacianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 2300

Base of Sakmarian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Sakmarian
in temporal position: BaseSakmarianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Sakmarian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Near conodont FAD Sweetognathus merrelli
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2018-07-21
comment: Kondurovsky, Orenburg Province, Russia.

BaseSakmarianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseSakmarianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 295.0

BaseSakmarianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.18
unit type: Ma

Base of Santonian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Santonian
in temporal position: BaseSantonianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Santonian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Santonian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 37/1, p. 2-13, 2014
boundary level: 94.4 m in the Cantera de Margas quarry section
correlation event: The FO of the inoceramid bivalve Platyceramus undulatoplicatus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2013
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Santonian
comment: Olazagutia, Navarra, Spain

BaseSantonianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseSantonianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 86.3

BaseSantonianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.5
unit type: Ma

Base of Selandian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Selandian
in temporal position: BaseSelandianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Selandian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Selandian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 34/4, p.220 - 243, 2011
boundary level: Base of the red marls of Itzurun Formation
correlation event: Onset of a carbon isotope shift and sealevel drop
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2008
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Selandian
comment: Zumaia section, northern Spain

BaseSelandianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 61.6

Base of Serravallian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Serravallian
in temporal position: BaseSerravallianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Serravallian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Serravallian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes, 32/3, 152 - 166, 2009
boundary level: formation boundary between the Globigerina Limestone and Blue Clay
correlation event: Oxygen isotopic event (global cooling episode) Mi3b near calcareous nannofossil LAD of Sphenolithus heteromorphus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2007
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Serravallian
comment: Ras il Pellegrin section, Fomm Ir- Rih Bay, west coast of Malta

BaseSerravallianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 13.82

Base of Silurian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Silurian
alternative label: Base of Llandovery
alternative label: Base of Rhuddanian
in temporal position: BaseSilurianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Silurian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Silurian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 8/2, p. 101 103, 1985
source: Silurian Times No. 14 (2006)
boundary level: 1.6m above theBase of the Birkhill Shale Formation
correlation event: Graptolite FAD Akidograptus ascensus
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1984
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Silurian
comment: Dobs Linn, Scotland

BaseSilurianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseSilurianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 443.8

BaseSilurianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.5
unit type: Ma

Base of Sinemurian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Sinemurian
in temporal position: BaseSinemurianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Sinemurian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Sinemurian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 25/1, p. 22 28, 2002
boundary level: 0.90 m above the Base of Bed 145
correlation event: Ammonite FAD Vermiceras quantoxense, Vermiceras palmeri
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2000
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Sinemurian
comment: East Quantoxhead, SW England

BaseSinemurianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseSinemurianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 199.3

BaseSinemurianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.3
unit type: Ma

Base of Statherian
type: NumericEraBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
ratified GSSP: true
in temporal position: BaseStatherianTime

BaseStatherianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 1800

Base of Stenian
type: NumericEraBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
ratified GSSP: true
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
in temporal position: BaseStenianTime

BaseStenianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 1200

Base of Telychian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Telychian
in temporal position: BaseTelychianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Telychian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Telychian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 36-50, 1989
source: Episodes 8/2, p. 101-103, 1985
boundary level: within the Wormwood Formation
correlation event: Just above Brachiopod LAD Eocoelia intermedia and below FAD of Eocoelia curtisi
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1984
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Telychian
comment: Cefn-cerig Road Section, Wales, UK

BaseTelychianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseTelychianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 438.5

BaseTelychianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1.1
unit type: Ma

Base of Thanetian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Thanetian
in temporal position: BaseThanetianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Thanetian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Thanetian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 34/4, p.220 - 243, 2011
boundary level: 30.5m above the Base of Itzurun Formation
correlation event: Magnetic Base of Chron C26n
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2008
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Thanetian
comment: Zumaia section, northern Spain

BaseThanetianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 59.2

Base of Tithonian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Tithonian
in temporal position: BaseTithonianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Tithonian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Near Base of Hybonoticeras hybonotum ammonite zone and lowest occurrence of Gravesia genus, and the Base of magnetic polarity Chron M22An
comment: candidates are Mt. Crussol or Canjuers (SE France) and Fornazzo (Sicily, S. Italy)

BaseTithonianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseTithonianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 152.1

BaseTithonianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.9
unit type: Ma

Base of Toarcian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Toarcian
in temporal position: BaseToarcianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Toarcian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Ammonite near FAD of a diversified Eodactylites ammonite fauna; correlates with the NW European Protogrammoceras paltus horizon.
ratified GSSP: true
comment: Peniche (Portugal)

BaseToarcianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseToarcianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 182.7

BaseToarcianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.7
unit type: Ma

Base of Tortonian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Tortonian
in temporal position: BaseTortonianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Tortonian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Tortonian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 28/1, p. 6 17, 2005
boundary level: mid-point of sapropel layer of basic cycle number 76
correlation event: Calcareous nannofossil last common occurrence of Discoaster kugleri
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2003
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Tortonian
comment: Monte dei Corvi Beach, near Ancona, Italy

BaseTortonianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 11.63

Base of Turonian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Turonian
in temporal position: BaseTuronianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Turonian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Turonian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 28/2,p. 93 104, 2005
boundary level: Base of Bed 86 of the Bridge Creek Limestone Member
correlation event: Ammonite FAD Watinoceras devonense
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2003
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Turonian
comment: Pueblo, Colorado, USA

BaseTuronianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 93.9

Base of Upper Cretaceous
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Instant
is replaced by: Base of Late Cretaceous
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Upper Cretaceous
alternative label: Base of Cenomanian
in temporal position: BaseLateCretaceousTime

Stratotype Point Base of Upper Cretaceous
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 27/1, p. 21 32, 2004
boundary level: 36 meters below the top of the Marnes Bleues Formation on the south side of Mont Risou
correlation event: Planktonic foraminifer FAD Rotalipora globotruncanoides
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2002
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Upper Cretaceous
comment: Mount Risou, Hautes Alpes, France

Base of Upper Devonian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Instant
is replaced by: Base of Late Devonian
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Late Devonian
alternative label: Base of Frasnian
in temporal position: BaseLateDevonianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Late Devonian
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 10/2, p. 97101, 1987
boundary level: Base of Bed 42 at Col du Puech de la Suque section E
correlation event: Conodont FAD Ancyrodella rotundiloba
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1986
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Upper Devonian
comment: Col du Puech de la Suque, Montage Noire, France
preferred label: Stratotype Point Base of Upper Devonian

Base of Upper Jurassic
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Instant
is replaced by: Base of Late Jurassic
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Upper Jurassic
alternative label: Base of Oxfordian
in temporal position: BaseLateJurassicTime

Stratotype Point Base of Upper Jurassic
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Ammonite Cardioceras redcliffense Horizon at Base of the Cardioceras scarburgense Subzone (Quenstedtoceras mariae Zone)
comment: candidates are Redcliff Point (Dorset, SW England) and Savouron (Provence, SE France)

Base of Upper Mississippian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Instant
is replaced by: Base of Late Mississippian
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Upper Mississippian
alternative label: Base of Serpukhovian
in temporal position: BaseLateMississippianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Upper Mississippian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Conodont FAD Lochriea ziegleri
status: Anticipated 2009
comment: candidates are Verkhnyaya Kardailovka (Urals) or Nashui (China)

Base of Upper Ordovician
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Instant
is replaced by: Base of Late Ordovician
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Upper Ordovician
alternative label: Base of Sandbian
in temporal position: BaseLateOrdovicianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Upper Ordovician
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 23/2, p. 102 109, 2000
boundary level: 1.4m below a phosphorite marker bed in the E14b outcrop
correlation event: Graptolite FAD Nemagraptus gracilis
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2002
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Upper Ordovician
comment: Sularp Brook, Fagelsang, Sweden

Base of Upper Pennsylvanian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Instant
is replaced by: Base of Late Pennsylvanian
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Upper Pennsylvanian
alternative label: Base of Kasimovian
in temporal position: BaseLatePennsylvanianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Upper Pennsylvanian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Fusulinid FAD Protriticites, which is near ammonoid FAD Eothalossoceras. Alternative (higher) Base of is fusulinid FAD Montiparus montiparus, which is near conodont FAD Idiognathodus sagittalis. Age given here is the higher version; the lower one is about 1 myr older.
comment: candidates are in southern Urals, southwest USA and Nashui (south China).

Base of Upper Pleistocene
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Instant
is replaced by: Base of Late Pleistocene
in temporal position: BaseLatePleistoceneTime

Base of Upper Triassic
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Instant
is replaced by: Base of Late Triassic
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Upper Triassic
alternative label: Base of Carnian
in temporal position: BaseLateTriassicTime

Stratotype Point Base of Upper Triassic
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 35/3, p. 414 –430, 2012
boundary level: Base of marly limestone bed SW4, 45m from Base of San Cassiano Formation
correlation event: FAD of the ammonoid Daxatina canadensis; just below FO of conodont Paragondolella polygnathiformis and Base of normal-polarity magnetic zone S2n
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2008
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Upper Triassic
comment: Prati di Stuores, Dolomites, Italy

Base of Valanginian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Valanginian
in temporal position: BaseValanginianTime

Stratotype Point Base of Valanginian
type: StratigraphicPoint
correlation event: Calpionellid FAD Calpionellites darderi (Base of Calpionellid Zone E); followed by ammonite FAD “Thurmanniceras” pertransiens
comment: candidates are near Montbrunles- Bains (Drôme province, SE France) and Cañada Luenga (Betic Cordillera, S. Spain)

BaseValanginianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 139.8

Base of Wenlock
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Wenlock
alternative label: Base of Sheinwoodian
in temporal position: BaseWenlockTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Wenlock
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Wenlock
type: StratigraphicPoint
source: Episodes 5/3, p. 21-23, 1982
source: Geol. Series, Nat. Mus. Wales, 9, p. 51 73, 1989
source: Lethaia 14
boundary level: Base of the Buildwas Formation
correlation event: Imprecise. Between the Base of acritarch biozone 5 and LAD of conodont Pterospathodus amorphognathoides. The current Stratotype Point does not coincide with the Base of the Cyrtograptus centrifugus Biozone, as was supposed when the Stratotype Point was defined. Restudy recommends a slightly higher and correlatable level on condonts the Ireviken datum 2, which coincides approximately with the Base of the murchisoni Graptolite Biozone
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 1980
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Wenlock
comment: Hughley Brook, UK

BaseWenlockTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseWenlockUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 433.4

BaseWenlockUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.8
unit type: Ma

Base of Wordian
type: GeochronologicBoundary
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
stratotype: Stratotype Point Base of Wordian
in temporal position: BaseWordianTime

Location of Stratotype Point Base of Wordian
type: Geometry
type: Point

Stratotype Point Base of Wordian
type: StratigraphicPoint
boundary level: 7.6m above the Base of the Getaway Ledge outcrop Section of the Getaway Limestone Member of the Cherry Canyon Formation
correlation event: Conodont FAD Jinogondolella aserrata
ratified GSSP: true
status: Ratified 2001
has geometry: Location of Stratotype Point Base of Wordian
comment: Guadalupe Pass, Texas, U.S.A

BaseWordianTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: BaseWordianUncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 268.8

BaseWordianUncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 0.5
unit type: Ma

Bashkirian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -323.2 +|-0.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -315.2 +|-0.2 Ma
alternative label: Early Pennsylvanian
broader: Early Pennsylvanian Epoch
broader transitive: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.2.1.3
preferred label: Bashkir @cs
preferred label: Bashkirian
preferred label: Bashkiriano @pt
preferred label: Bashkirien @da
preferred label: Bashkiriense @es
preferred label: Bashkirium @de
preferred label: Bashkiriën @nl
preferred label: Baszkir @pl
preferred label: Baškiiri @et
preferred label: bashkir @sv
preferred label: bashkiriano @it
preferred label: baskír @hu
preferred label: baškir @sk
preferred label: baškirij @sl
preferred label: Башкир @bg
preferred label: バシキリアン期 @ja
preferred label: 巴什基尔期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Pennsylvanian
has end: Base of Middle Pennsylvanian
interval in: Early Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval meets: Middle Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval meets: Moscovian Age
interval met by: Mississippian Sub-period
interval met by: Serpukhovian Age

Bathonian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -168.3 +|-1.3 Ma
comment: younger bound -166.1 +|-1.2 Ma
broader: Middle Jurassic Epoch
broader transitive: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.2.2.2
preferred label: Barthoniën @nl
preferred label: Bathon @cs
preferred label: Bathoni @et
preferred label: Bathonian
preferred label: Bathonien @da
preferred label: Bathoniense @es
preferred label: Bathonium @de
preferred label: Baton @pl
preferred label: Batoniano @pt
preferred label: Batonis @lt
preferred label: bath @hu
preferred label: bathon @sv
preferred label: bathoniano @it
preferred label: bathonij @sl
preferred label: Бат @bg
preferred label: バソニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 巴通期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Bathonian
has end: Base of Callovian
interval during: Middle Jurassic Epoch
interval in: Middle Jurassic Epoch
interval meets: Callovian Age
interval met by: Bajocian Age

Berriasian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -145.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -139.8 Ma
broader: Early Cretaceous Epoch
broader transitive: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.1.2.6
preferred label: Berias @pl
preferred label: Beriasis @lt
preferred label: Berrasiën @nl
preferred label: Berrias @cs
preferred label: Berriasi @et
preferred label: Berriasian
preferred label: Berriasiano @pt
preferred label: Berriasien @da
preferred label: Berriasiense @es
preferred label: Berriasium @de
preferred label: berias @sk
preferred label: berrias @sv
preferred label: berriasi @hu
preferred label: berriasiano @it
preferred label: berriasij @sl
preferred label: Бериаѿ @bg
preferred label: ベリアシアン期 @ja
preferred label: 贝利亚斯期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Cretaceous
has end: Base of Valanginian
interval in: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval meets: Valanginian Age
interval met by: Jurassic Period
interval met by: Tithonian Age
interval met by: Late Jurassic Epoch
interval starts: Early Cretaceous Epoch

Boundaries in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart
type: OrderedCollection
member: Base of Aeronian
member: Base of Albian
member: Base of Aptian
member: Base of Archean
member: Base of Artinskian
member: Base of Bajocian
member: Base of Barremian
member: Base of Bartonian
member: Base of Bathonian
member: Base of Burdigalian
member: Base of Calabrian
member: Base of Callovian
member: Base of Cambrian Series 2
member: Base of Cambrian Stage 10
member: Base of Cambrian Stage 2
member: Base of Cambrian Stage 4
member: Base of Campanian
member: Base of Capitanian
member: Base of Carboniferous
member: Base of Cenozoic
member: Base of Changhsingian
member: Base of Chattian
member: Base of Coniacian
member: Base of Cretaceous
member: Base of Cryogenian
member: Base of Darriwillian
member: Base of Devonian
member: Base of Drumian
member: Base of Ectasian
member: Base of Ediacaran
member: Base of Emsian
member: Base of Eocene
member: Base of Famennian
member: Base of Floian
member: Base of Furongian
member: Base of Givetian
member: Base of Guadalupian
member: Base of Guzhangian
member: Base of Gzhelian
member: Base of Hauterivian
member: Base of Hirnantian
member: Base of Holocene
member: Base of Homerian
member: Base of Jiangshanian
member: Base of Jurassic
member: Base of Katian
member: Base of Kimmeridgian
member: Base of Kungurian
member: Base of Ladinian
member: Base of Langhian
member: Base of Late Cretaceous
member: Base of Late Devonian
member: Base of Late Jurassic
member: Base of Late Mississippian
member: Base of Late Ordovician
member: Base of Late Pennsylvanian
member: Base of Late Pleistocene
member: Base of Late Triassic
member: Base of Lopingian
member: Base of Ludfordian Stage
member: Base of Ludlow
member: Base of Lutetian
member: Base of Maastrichtian
member: Base of Meghalayan
member: Base of Mesoarchean
member: Base of Mesoproterozoic
member: Base of Mesozoic
member: Base of Messinian
member: Base of Miaolingian
member: Base of Middle Devonian
member: Base of Middle Jurassic
member: Base of Middle Mississippian
member: Base of Middle Ordovician
member: Base of Middle Pennsylvanian
member: Base of Middle Pleistocene
member: Base of Middle Triassic
member: Base of Neoarchean
member: Base of Neogene

Geochronologic Boundaries
type: Concept
comment: This skos:Concept is included to spoof the Research Vocabularies Australia UI, which wants to show all top concepts.
definition: Boundaries of intervals in the chronostratigraphic chart (unspecified)
narrower: Base of Aeronian
narrower: Base of Albian
narrower: Base of Aptian
narrower: Base of Archean
narrower: Base of Artinskian
narrower: Base of Bajocian
narrower: Base of Barremian
narrower: Base of Bartonian
narrower: Base of Bathonian
narrower: Base of Burdigalian
narrower: Base of Calabrian
narrower: Base of Callovian
narrower: Base of Cambrian Series 2
narrower: Base of Cambrian Stage 10
narrower: Base of Cambrian Stage 2
narrower: Base of Cambrian Stage 4
narrower: Base of Campanian
narrower: Base of Capitanian
narrower: Base of Carboniferous
narrower: Base of Cenozoic
narrower: Base of Changhsingian
narrower: Base of Chattian
narrower: Base of Coniacian
narrower: Base of Cretaceous
narrower: Base of Cryogenian
narrower: Base of Darriwillian
narrower: Base of Devonian
narrower: Base of Drumian
narrower: Base of Ectasian
narrower: Base of Ediacaran
narrower: Base of Emsian
narrower: Base of Eocene
narrower: Base of Famennian
narrower: Base of Floian
narrower: Base of Furongian
narrower: Base of Givetian
narrower: Base of Guadalupian
narrower: Base of Guzhangian
narrower: Base of Gzhelian
narrower: Base of Hauterivian
narrower: Base of Hirnantian
narrower: Base of Holocene
narrower: Base of Homerian
narrower: Base of Jiangshanian
narrower: Base of Jurassic
narrower: Base of Katian
narrower: Base of Kimmeridgian
narrower: Base of Kungurian
narrower: Base of Ladinian
narrower: Base of Langhian
narrower: Base of Late Cretaceous
narrower: Base of Late Devonian
narrower: Base of Late Jurassic
narrower: Base of Late Mississippian
narrower: Base of Late Ordovician
narrower: Base of Late Pennsylvanian
narrower: Base of Late Pleistocene
narrower: Base of Late Triassic
narrower: Base of Lopingian
narrower: Base of Ludfordian Stage
narrower: Base of Ludlow
narrower: Base of Lutetian
narrower: Base of Maastrichtian
narrower: Base of Meghalayan
narrower: Base of Mesoarchean
narrower: Base of Mesoproterozoic
narrower: Base of Mesozoic
narrower: Base of Messinian
narrower: Base of Miaolingian
narrower: Base of Middle Devonian
narrower: Base of Middle Jurassic
narrower: Base of Middle Mississippian
narrower: Base of Middle Ordovician
narrower: Base of Middle Pennsylvanian
narrower: Base of Middle Pleistocene
narrower: Base of Middle Triassic

Burdigalian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -20.44 Ma
comment: younger bound -15.97 Ma
broader: Miocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Neogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.2.2.5
preferred label: Burdigal @cs
preferred label: Burdigali @et
preferred label: Burdigalian
preferred label: Burdigaliano @pt
preferred label: Burdigalien @da
preferred label: Burdigaliense @es
preferred label: Burdigalis @lt
preferred label: Burdigalium @de
preferred label: Burdigaliën-Hemmoor @nl
preferred label: Burdygał @pl
preferred label: burdigal @sk
preferred label: burdigaliai @hu
preferred label: burdigaliano @it
preferred label: burdigalij @sl
preferred label: Бурдигал @bg
preferred label: バーディガリアン期 @ja
preferred label: 布迪加尔期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Burdigalian
has end: Base of Langhian
interval during: Miocene Epoch
interval in: Miocene Epoch
interval meets: Langhian Age
interval met by: Aquitanian Age

Calabrian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -1.80 Ma
comment: younger bound -0.781 Ma
broader: Pleistocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Quaternary Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.1.2.3
preferred label: Calabr @cs
preferred label: Calabria @fi
preferred label: Calabrian
preferred label: Calabriano @pt
preferred label: Calabrien @fr
preferred label: Calabriense @es
preferred label: Calabrium @de
preferred label: Kalaabria @et
preferred label: Kalabris @lt
preferred label: Kalambr @pl
preferred label: Onder Pleistoceen/ Hoog Terras @nl
preferred label: calabr @sv
preferred label: calabriano @it
preferred label: calabrij @sl
preferred label: kalabriai @hu
preferred label: kalábrian @sk
preferred label: Калабрий @bg
preferred label: カラブリア期 @ja
preferred label: 卡拉布里亚期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Calabrian
has end: Base of Middle Pleistocene
interval during: Pleistocene Epoch
interval in: Pleistocene Epoch
interval meets: Middle Pleistocene Age
interval met by: Gelasian Age

Callovian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -166.1 +|-1.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -163.5 +|-1.0 Ma
broader: Middle Jurassic Epoch
broader transitive: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.2.2.1
preferred label: Callov @cs
preferred label: Callove @no
preferred label: Callovi @et
preferred label: Callovian
preferred label: Callovien @da
preferred label: Calloviense @es
preferred label: Callovium @de
preferred label: Calloviën @nl
preferred label: Caloviano @pt
preferred label: Kelovėjis @lt
preferred label: Kelowej @pl
preferred label: callov @sv
preferred label: callovi @hu
preferred label: calloviano @it
preferred label: callovij @sl
preferred label: kelovej @sk
preferred label: Калов @bg
preferred label: カロビアン期 @ja
preferred label: 卡洛夫期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Callovian
has end: Base of Late Jurassic
interval finishes: Middle Jurassic Epoch
interval in: Middle Jurassic Epoch
interval meets: Oxfordian Age
interval meets: Late Jurassic Epoch
interval met by: Bathonian Age

Calymmian Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -1600 Ma
comment: younger bound -1400 Ma
broader: Mesoproterozoic Era
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
broader transitive: Proterozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.1.2.3
preferred label: Calym @fi
preferred label: Calymiano @pt
preferred label: Calymm @cs
preferred label: Calymmian
preferred label: Calymmien @da
preferred label: Calymmiense @es
preferred label: Calymmium @de
preferred label: Calymmiën @nl
preferred label: Kalym @pl
preferred label: Kalymis @lt
preferred label: Kalymmium @no
preferred label: calymmi @hu
preferred label: calymmiano @it
preferred label: calymmij @sl
preferred label: kalymmium @sv
preferred label: kalymnium @sk
preferred label: Калим @bg
preferred label: カリミアン紀 @ja
preferred label: 盖层纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Mesoproterozoic
has end: Base of Ectasian
interval in: Mesoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Ectasian Period
interval met by: Paleoproterozoic Era
interval met by: Statherian Period
interval starts: Mesoproterozoic Era

Cambrian Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -541.0 +|-1.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -485.4 +|-1.9 Ma
broader: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
narrower: Furongian Epoch
narrower: Miaolingian Epoch
narrower: Terreneuvian Epoch
narrower transitive: Cambrian Stage 10 Age
narrower transitive: Cambrian Stage 2 Age
narrower transitive: Cambrian Stage 3 Age
narrower transitive: Cambrian Stage 4 Age
narrower transitive: Drumian Age
narrower transitive: Fortunian Age
narrower transitive: Guzhangian Age
narrower transitive: Jiangshanian Age
narrower transitive: Paibian Age
narrower transitive: Wuliuan Age
notation: a1.1.3.6
preferred label: Cambrian
preferred label: Cambrien @fr
preferred label: Cambrium @nl
preferred label: Cámbrico @es
preferred label: Câmbrico @pt
preferred label: Kambr @pl
preferred label: Kambras @lt
preferred label: Kambri @fi
preferred label: Kambrium @cs
preferred label: cambriano @it
preferred label: kambrij @sl
preferred label: kambrium @sk
preferred label: kambriumi @hu
preferred label: Камбрий @bg
preferred label: カンブリア紀 @ja
preferred label: 寒武纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Phanerozoic
has end: Base of Ordovician
interval contains: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
interval contains: Miaolingian Epoch
interval finished by: Furongian Epoch
interval in: Paleozoic Era
interval meets: Early Ordovician Epoch
interval meets: Ordovician Period
interval meets: Tremadocian Age
interval met by: Ediacaran Period
interval met by: Neoproterozoic Era
interval met by: Precambrian Supereon
interval met by: Proterozoic Eon
interval started by: Terreneuvian Epoch
interval starts: Paleozoic Era

Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -521 Ma
comment: younger bound -509 Ma
broader: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Cambrian Stage 3 Age
narrower: Cambrian Stage 4 Age
notation: a1.1.3.6.3
preferred label: Cambrian Series 2
preferred label: Cambrien-Séries 2 @fr
preferred label: Cambrium, Zone 2 @nl
preferred label: Cámbrico-Serie 2 @es
preferred label: Câmbrico-Série 2 @pt
preferred label: Kambr-Oddział 2 @pl
preferred label: Kambras-Serija 2 @lt
preferred label: Kambri-sarja 2 @fi
preferred label: Kambrium -serie 2 @no
preferred label: Kambrium, Ladestik 2 @et
preferred label: Kambrium-Oddělení 2 @cs
preferred label: Kambrium-Serie 2 @da
preferred label: cambriano - serie 2 @it
preferred label: kambrij-serija 2 @sl
preferred label: kambrium - séria 2 @sk
preferred label: kambrium 2. sorozat @hu
preferred label: kambrium serie 2 @sv
preferred label: Камбрий - 2 ѿериѿ @bg
preferred label: 第2世 @ja
preferred label: 第二世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Cambrian Series 2
has end: Base of Miaolingian
interval during: Cambrian Period
interval finished by: Cambrian Stage 4 Age
interval in: Cambrian Period
interval meets: Miaolingian Epoch
interval meets: Wuliuan Age
interval met by: Cambrian Stage 2 Age
interval met by: Terreneuvian Epoch
interval started by: Cambrian Stage 3 Age

Cambrian Series 3 Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
is replaced by: Miaolingian Epoch
preferred label: Cambrian Series 3
preferred label: Cambrien-Séries 3 @fr
preferred label: Cambrium, Zone 3 @nl
preferred label: Cámbrico-Serie 3 @es
preferred label: Câmbrico-Série 3 @pt
preferred label: Kambr-Oddział 3 @pl
preferred label: Kambras-Serija 3 @lt
preferred label: Kambri-sarja 3 @fi
preferred label: Kambrium, Ladestik 3 @et
preferred label: Kambrium-Oddělení 3 @cs
preferred label: Kambrium-Serie 3 @da
preferred label: Kambrium-serie 3 @no
preferred label: cambriano - serie 3 @it
preferred label: kambrij-serija 3 @sl
preferred label: kambrium - séria 3 @sk
preferred label: kambrium 3. sorozat @hu
preferred label: kambrium serie 3 @sv
preferred label: Камбрий - 3 ѿериѿ @bg
preferred label: 第3世 @ja
preferred label: 第三世 @zh

Cambrian Stage 10 Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -489.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -485.4 +|-1.9 Ma
broader: Furongian Epoch
broader transitive: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.6.1.1
preferred label: Cambrian-Stage 10
preferred label: Cambrien-Etage 10 @fr
preferred label: Cambrium, Zone 10 @nl
preferred label: Cámbrico-Piso 10 @es
preferred label: Câmbrico-Piso 10 @pt
preferred label: Kambr-Piętro 10 @pl
preferred label: Kambras-Aukštas 10 @lt
preferred label: Kambri-vaihe 10 @fi
preferred label: Kambrium, Lade 10 @et
preferred label: Kambrium-Etage 10 @da
preferred label: Kambrium-Stufe 10 @de
preferred label: Kambrium-Stupeň 10 @cs
preferred label: Kambrium-etasje10 @no
preferred label: cambriano - stage 10 @it
preferred label: kambrij-stopnja 10 @sl
preferred label: kambrium 10. emelet @hu
preferred label: kambrium etage 10 @sv
preferred label: kambrium, stupeň 10 @sk
preferred label: Камбрий - 10 етаж @bg
preferred label: 第10期 @ja
preferred label: 第十期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Cambrian Stage 10
has end: Base of Ordovician
interval finishes: Furongian Epoch
interval in: Furongian Epoch
interval meets: Early Ordovician Epoch
interval meets: Ordovician Period
interval meets: Tremadocian Age
interval met by: Jiangshanian Age

Cambrian Stage 2 Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -529 Ma
comment: younger bound -521 Ma
broader: Terreneuvian Epoch
broader transitive: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.6.4.1
preferred label: Cambrian-Stage 2
preferred label: Cambrien-Etage 2 @fr
preferred label: Cambrium, Zone 2 @nl
preferred label: Cámbrico-Piso 2 @es
preferred label: Câmbrico-Piso 2 @pt
preferred label: Kambr-Piętro 2 @pl
preferred label: Kambras-Aukštas 2 @lt
preferred label: Kambri-vaihe 2 @fi
preferred label: Kambrium, Lade 2 @et
preferred label: Kambrium-Etage 2 @da
preferred label: Kambrium-Stufe 2 @de
preferred label: Kambrium-Stupeň 2 @cs
preferred label: Kambrium-etasje 2 @no
preferred label: cambriano - stage 2 @it
preferred label: kambrij-stopnja 2 @sl
preferred label: kambrium 2. emelet @hu
preferred label: kambrium etage 1 @sv
preferred label: kambrium, stupeň 2 @sk
preferred label: Камбрий - 2 етаж @bg
preferred label: 第2期 @ja
preferred label: 第二期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Cambrian Stage 2
has end: Base of Cambrian Series 2
interval finishes: Terreneuvian Epoch
interval in: Terreneuvian Epoch
interval meets: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
interval meets: Cambrian Stage 3 Age
interval met by: Fortunian Age

Cambrian Stage 3 Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -521 Ma
comment: younger bound -514 Ma
broader: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
broader transitive: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.6.3.2
preferred label: Cambrian-Stage 3
preferred label: Cambrien-Etage 3 @fr
preferred label: Cambrium, Zone3 @nl
preferred label: Cámbrico-Piso 3 @es
preferred label: Câmbrico-Piso 3 @pt
preferred label: Kambr-Piętro 3 @pl
preferred label: Kambras-Aukštas 3 @lt
preferred label: Kambri-vaihe 3 @fi
preferred label: Kambrium, Lade 3 @et
preferred label: Kambrium-Etage 3 @da
preferred label: Kambrium-Stufe 3 @de
preferred label: Kambrium-Stupeň 3 @cs
preferred label: Kambrium-etasje 3 @no
preferred label: cambriano - stage 3 @it
preferred label: kambrij-stopnja 3 @sl
preferred label: kambrium 3. emelet @hu
preferred label: kambrium etage 3 @sv
preferred label: kambrium, stupeň 3 @sk
preferred label: Камбрий - 3 етаж @bg
preferred label: 第3期 @ja
preferred label: 第三期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Cambrian Series 2
has end: Base of Cambrian Stage 4
interval in: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
interval meets: Cambrian Stage 4 Age
interval met by: Cambrian Stage 2 Age
interval met by: Terreneuvian Epoch
interval starts: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch

Cambrian Stage 4 Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -514 Ma
comment: younger bound -509 Ma
broader: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
broader transitive: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.6.3.1
preferred label: Cambrian-Stage 4
preferred label: Cambrien-Etage 4 @fr
preferred label: Cambrium, Zone 4 @nl
preferred label: Cámbrico-Piso 4 @es
preferred label: Câmbrico-Piso 4 @pt
preferred label: Kambr-Piętro 4 @pl
preferred label: Kambras-Aukšts 4 @lt
preferred label: Kambri-vaihe 4 @fi
preferred label: Kambrium, Lade 4 @et
preferred label: Kambrium-Etage 4 @da
preferred label: Kambrium-Stufe 4 @de
preferred label: Kambrium-Stupeň 4 @cs
preferred label: Kambrium-etasje 4 @no
preferred label: cambriano - stage 4 @it
preferred label: kambrij stopnja 4 @sl
preferred label: kambrium 4. emelet @hu
preferred label: kambrium etage 4 @sv
preferred label: kambrium, stupeň 4 @sk
preferred label: Камбрий - 4 етаж @bg
preferred label: 第4期 @ja
preferred label: 第四期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Cambrian Stage 4
has end: Base of Miaolingian
interval finishes: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
interval in: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
interval meets: Miaolingian Epoch
interval meets: Wuliuan Age
interval met by: Cambrian Stage 3 Age

Cambrian Stage 5 Age
type: GeochronologicEra
is replaced by: Wuliuan Age
preferred label: Cambrian-Stage 5
preferred label: Cambrien-Etage 5 @fr
preferred label: Cambrium, Zone 5 @nl
preferred label: Cambrium-etasje 5 @no
preferred label: Cámbrico-Piso 5 @es
preferred label: Câmbrico-Piso 5 @pt
preferred label: Kambr-Piętro 5 @pl
preferred label: Kambras-Aukštas 5 @lt
preferred label: Kambri-vaihe 5 @fi
preferred label: Kambrium, Lade 5 @et
preferred label: Kambrium-Etage 5 @da
preferred label: Kambrium-Stufe 5 @de
preferred label: Kambrium-Stupeň 5 @cs
preferred label: cambriano-stage 5 @it
preferred label: kambrij-stopnja 5 @sl
preferred label: kambrium etage 5 @sv
preferred label: kambrium-stupeň 5 @sk
preferred label: kambriumi-5. szakasz @hu
preferred label: Камбрий-5 етаж @bg
preferred label: 第5期 @ja
preferred label: 第五期 @zh

Campanian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -83.6 +|-0.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -72.1 +|-0.2 Ma
broader: Late Cretaceous Epoch
broader transitive: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.1.1.2
preferred label: Campan @cs
preferred label: Campani @et
preferred label: Campanian
preferred label: Campaniano @pt
preferred label: Campanien @da
preferred label: Campaniense @es
preferred label: Campanium @de
preferred label: Campaniën @nl
preferred label: Kampan @pl
preferred label: Kampanis @lt
preferred label: campan @sv
preferred label: campaniai @hu
preferred label: campaniano @it
preferred label: campanij @sl
preferred label: kampán @sk
preferred label: Кампан @bg
preferred label: カンパニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 坎佩尼期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Campanian
has end: Base of Maastrichtian
interval during: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval in: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval meets: Maastrichtian Age
interval met by: Santonian Age

Capitanian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -265.1 +|-0.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -259.1 +|-0.5 Ma
broader: Guadalupian Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Permian Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.1.2.1
preferred label: Capitan @cs
preferred label: Capitani @et
preferred label: Capitanian
preferred label: Capitaniano @pt
preferred label: Capitanien @da
preferred label: Capitaniense @es
preferred label: Capitanium @de
preferred label: Capitaniën @nl
preferred label: Kapitan @pl
preferred label: Kapitanis @lt
preferred label: capitan @sk
preferred label: capitani @hu
preferred label: capitaniano @it
preferred label: capitanij @sl
preferred label: Капитан @bg
preferred label: カピタニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 卡匹敦期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Capitanian
has end: Base of Lopingian
interval during: Guadalupian Epoch
interval in: Guadalupian Epoch
interval meets: Lopingian Epoch
interval meets: Wuchiapingian Age
interval met by: Wordian Age

Carboniferous Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -358.9 +|-0.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -298.9 +|-0.15 Ma
broader: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Mississippian Sub-period
narrower: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
narrower transitive: Bashkirian Age
narrower transitive: Gzhelian Age
narrower transitive: Kasimovian Age
narrower transitive: Early Mississippian Epoch
narrower transitive: Early Pennsylvanian Epoch
narrower transitive: Middle Mississippian Epoch
narrower transitive: Middle Pennsylvanian Epoch
narrower transitive: Moscovian Age
narrower transitive: Serpukhovian Age
narrower transitive: Tournaisian Age
narrower transitive: Late Mississippian Epoch
narrower transitive: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
narrower transitive: Visean Age
notation: a1.1.3.2
preferred label: Carboniferous
preferred label: Carbonifère @fr
preferred label: Carbonífero @es
preferred label: Carboon @nl
preferred label: Carbónico @pt
preferred label: Karbon @cs
preferred label: Karbonas @lt
preferred label: Kivihiili @fi
preferred label: carbonifero @it
preferred label: karbon @hu
preferred label: karbón @sk
preferred label: Карбон @bg
preferred label: 石炭紀 @ja
preferred label: 石炭纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Carboniferous
has end: Base of Permian
interval during: Paleozoic Era
interval finished by: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
interval in: Paleozoic Era
interval meets: Asselian Age
interval meets: Cisuralian Epoch
interval meets: Permian Period
interval met by: Devonian Period
interval met by: Famennian Age
interval met by: Late Devonian Epoch
interval started by: Mississippian Sub-period

Carnian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -237 Ma
comment: younger bound -227 Ma
broader: Late Triassic Epoch
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Triassic Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.3.1.3
preferred label: Carn @cs
preferred label: Carni @et
preferred label: Carnian
preferred label: Carniano @pt
preferred label: Carnien @da
preferred label: Carniense @es
preferred label: Carniën @nl
preferred label: Karnik @pl
preferred label: Karnis @lt
preferred label: Karnium @de
preferred label: carn @sv
preferred label: carnico @it
preferred label: karn @sk
preferred label: karni @hu
preferred label: karnij @sl
preferred label: Карн @bg
preferred label: カーニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 卡尼期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Triassic
has end: Base of Norian
interval in: Late Triassic Epoch
interval meets: Norian Age
interval met by: Ladinian Age
interval met by: Middle Triassic Epoch
interval starts: Late Triassic Epoch

Cenomanian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -100.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -93.9 Ma
broader: Late Cretaceous Epoch
broader transitive: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.1.1.6
preferred label: Cenoman @cs
preferred label: Cenomani @et
preferred label: Cenomanian
preferred label: Cenomaniano @pt
preferred label: Cenomanien @da
preferred label: Cenomaniense @es
preferred label: Cenomanis @lt
preferred label: Cenomanium @de
preferred label: Cénomanien @fr
preferred label: Laat/Boven Krijt @nl
preferred label: cenoman @hu
preferred label: cenomaniano @it
preferred label: cenomanij @sl
preferred label: Ценоман @bg
preferred label: セノマニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 森诺曼期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Cretaceous
has end: Base of Turonian
interval in: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval meets: Turonian Age
interval met by: Albian Age
interval met by: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval starts: Late Cretaceous Epoch

Cenozoic Era
type: Era
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -66.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -0.0 Ma
broader: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Neogene Period
narrower: Paleogene Period
narrower: Quaternary Period
narrower transitive: Aquitanian Age
narrower transitive: Bartonian Age
narrower transitive: Burdigalian Age
narrower transitive: Calabrian Age
narrower transitive: Chattian Age
narrower transitive: Danian Age
narrower transitive: Eocene Epoch
narrower transitive: Gelasian Age
narrower transitive: Greenlandian Age
narrower transitive: Holocene Epoch
narrower transitive: Langhian Age
narrower transitive: Lutetian Age
narrower transitive: Meghalayan Age
narrower transitive: Messinian Age
narrower transitive: Middle Pleistocene Age
narrower transitive: Miocene Epoch
narrower transitive: Northgrippian Age
narrower transitive: Oligocene Epoch
narrower transitive: Paleocene Epoch
narrower transitive: Piacenzian Age
narrower transitive: Pleistocene Epoch
narrower transitive: Pliocene Epoch
narrower transitive: Priabonian Age
narrower transitive: Rupelian Age
narrower transitive: Selandian Age
narrower transitive: Serravallian Age
narrower transitive: Thanetian Age
narrower transitive: Tortonian Age
narrower transitive: Late Pleistocene Age
narrower transitive: Ypresian Age
narrower transitive: Zanclean Age
notation: a1.1.1
preferred label: Cainozoic
preferred label: Cenozoic
preferred label: Cenozoico @es
preferred label: Cenozojus @lt
preferred label: Cenozóico @pt
preferred label: Cénozoïque @fr
preferred label: Kaenozoïcum @nl
preferred label: Kainosoikum @et
preferred label: Kenotsoikum @fi
preferred label: Kenozoik @pl
preferred label: Kenozoikum @cs
preferred label: Känozoikum @de
preferred label: Kænozoisk @da
preferred label: cenozoico @it
preferred label: kainozoikum @hu
preferred label: kenozoik @sl
preferred label: kenozoikum @sk
preferred label: пеозой @bg
preferred label: 新生代 @ja
has beginning: Base of Cenozoic
has end: The Present
interval contains: Neogene Period
interval finished by: Quaternary Period
interval finishes: Phanerozoic Eon
interval in: Phanerozoic Eon
interval met by: Cretaceous Period
interval met by: Maastrichtian Age
interval met by: Mesozoic Era
interval met by: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval started by: Paleogene Period

Changhsingian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -254.14 +|-0.07 Ma
comment: younger bound -251.902 +|-0.024 Ma
broader: Lopingian Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Permian Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.1.1.1
preferred label: Changhsing @cs
preferred label: Changhsingi @et
preferred label: Changhsingian
preferred label: Changhsingiano @pt
preferred label: Changhsingien @da
preferred label: Changhsingium @de
preferred label: Changhsingiën @nl
preferred label: Changsingiense @es
preferred label: Changxingium @no
preferred label: changhsing @sv
preferred label: changhsingi @hu
preferred label: changhsingij @sl
preferred label: changsingiano @it
preferred label: Čangšinjanis @lt
preferred label: Ŀchangsing @sk
preferred label: Чангшинг @bg
preferred label: チャンシンギアン期 @ja
preferred label: 长兴期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Changhsingian
has end: Base of Mesozoic
interval finishes: Lopingian Epoch
interval in: Lopingian Epoch
interval meets: Induan Age
interval meets: Early Triassic Epoch
interval meets: Mesozoic Era
interval meets: Triassic Period
interval met by: Wuchiapingian Age

Chattian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -27.82 Ma
comment: younger bound -23.03 Ma
broader: Oligocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Paleogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.3.1.1
preferred label: Chat @cs
preferred label: Chatiano @pt
preferred label: Chatis @lt
preferred label: Chatt @fi
preferred label: Chatti @et
preferred label: Chattian
preferred label: Chattien @da
preferred label: Chattiense @es
preferred label: Chattium @de
preferred label: Chattiën @nl
preferred label: Szat @pl
preferred label: chatt @sk
preferred label: chattiano @it
preferred label: chattij @sl
preferred label: katti @hu
preferred label: Хат @bg
preferred label: シャティアン期 @ja
preferred label: 恰特期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Chattian
has end: Base of Neogene
interval finishes: Oligocene Epoch
interval in: Oligocene Epoch
interval meets: Aquitanian Age
interval meets: Miocene Epoch
interval meets: Neogene Period
interval met by: Rupelian Age

Cisuralian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -298.9 +|-0.15 Ma
comment: younger bound -272.95 +|-0.11 Ma
broader: Permian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Artinskian Age
narrower: Asselian Age
narrower: Kungurian Age
narrower: Sakmarian Age
notation: a1.1.3.1.3
preferred label: Cisural @cs
preferred label: Cisuralian
preferred label: Cisuraliano @pt
preferred label: Cisuralien @da
preferred label: Cisuraliense @es
preferred label: Cisuralium @de
preferred label: Cisuraliën @nl
preferred label: Kisuralis @lt
preferred label: cisural @sk
preferred label: cisuraliano @it
preferred label: cisuralij @sl
preferred label: ciszurali @hu
preferred label: Циѿурал @bg
preferred label: キスラリアン世 @ja
preferred label: 乌拉尔世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Permian
has end: Base of Guadalupian
interval contains: Artinskian Age
interval contains: Sakmarian Age
interval finished by: Kungurian Age
interval in: Permian Period
interval meets: Guadalupian Epoch
interval meets: Roadian Age
interval met by: Carboniferous Period
interval met by: Gzhelian Age
interval met by: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
interval met by: Late Mississippian Epoch
interval met by: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval started by: Asselian Age
interval starts: Permian Period

Coniacian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -89.8 +|-0.3 Ma
comment: younger bound -86.3 +|-0.5 Ma
broader: Late Cretaceous Epoch
broader transitive: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.1.1.4
preferred label: Conaciën @nl
preferred label: Coni @es
preferred label: Coniac @fi
preferred label: Coniaci @et
preferred label: Coniacian
preferred label: Coniaciano @pt
preferred label: Coniacien @da
preferred label: Coniacium @de
preferred label: Coniak @cs
preferred label: Koniak @pl
preferred label: Konjakis @lt
preferred label: coniac @sv
preferred label: coniaci @hu
preferred label: coniaciano @it
preferred label: coniacij @sl
preferred label: koňak @sk
preferred label: Кониак @bg
preferred label: コニアシアン期 @ja
preferred label: 科尼亚克期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Coniacian
has end: Base of Santonian
interval during: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval in: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval meets: Santonian Age
interval met by: Turonian Age

Cretaceous Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -145.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -66.0 Ma
broader: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Early Cretaceous Epoch
narrower: Late Cretaceous Epoch
narrower transitive: Albian Age
narrower transitive: Aptian Age
narrower transitive: Barremian Age
narrower transitive: Berriasian Age
narrower transitive: Campanian Age
narrower transitive: Cenomanian Age
narrower transitive: Coniacian Age
narrower transitive: Hauterivian Age
narrower transitive: Maastrichtian Age
narrower transitive: Santonian Age
narrower transitive: Turonian Age
narrower transitive: Valanginian Age
notation: a1.1.2.1
preferred label: Cretaceous
preferred label: Cretácico @es
preferred label: Crétacé @fr
preferred label: Kreda @pl
preferred label: Kreida @lt
preferred label: Kreide @de
preferred label: Kridt @da
preferred label: Kriit @et
preferred label: Krijt @nl
preferred label: Kritt @no
preferred label: Křída @cs
preferred label: Liitu @fi
preferred label: cretacico @it
preferred label: kreda @sl
preferred label: krieda @sk
preferred label: krita @sv
preferred label: kréta @hu
preferred label: Креда @bg
preferred label: 白亜紀 @ja
preferred label: 白垩纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Cretaceous
has end: Base of Cenozoic
interval finished by: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval finishes: Mesozoic Era
interval in: Mesozoic Era
interval meets: Cenozoic Era
interval meets: Danian Age
interval meets: Paleocene Epoch
interval meets: Paleogene Period
interval met by: Jurassic Period
interval met by: Tithonian Age
interval met by: Late Jurassic Epoch
interval started by: Early Cretaceous Epoch

Cryogenian Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -720 Ma
comment: younger bound -635 Ma
broader: Neoproterozoic Era
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
broader transitive: Proterozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.1.1.2
preferred label: Criogeniano @pt
preferred label: Criogeniense @es
preferred label: Cryogen @cs
preferred label: Cryogenian
preferred label: Cryogenien @da
preferred label: Cryogeniën @nl
preferred label: Cryogénien @fr
preferred label: Kriogen @pl
preferred label: Kriogenis @lt
preferred label: Kryogenium @de
preferred label: Krüogeen @et
preferred label: cryogeni @hu
preferred label: cryogeniano @it
preferred label: cryogenij @sl
preferred label: kryogenium @sv
preferred label: kryogén @sk
preferred label: Криоген @bg
preferred label: クリオジェニアン紀 @ja
preferred label: 成冰纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Cryogenian
has end: Base of Ediacaran
interval during: Neoproterozoic Era
interval in: Neoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Ediacaran Period
interval met by: Tonian Period

Danian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -66.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -61.6 Ma
broader: Paleocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Paleogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.3.3.3
preferred label: Dan @cs
preferred label: Danian
preferred label: Daniano @pt
preferred label: Danien @da
preferred label: Daninese @es
preferred label: Danis @lt
preferred label: Danium @de
preferred label: Daniën @nl
preferred label: Taani @et
preferred label: dan @sv
preferred label: daniano @it
preferred label: danij @sl
preferred label: dán @sk
preferred label: dániai @hu
preferred label: Дан @bg
preferred label: ダニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 丹麦期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Cenozoic
has end: Base of Selandian
interval in: Paleocene Epoch
interval meets: Selandian Age
interval met by: Cretaceous Period
interval met by: Maastrichtian Age
interval met by: Mesozoic Era
interval met by: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval starts: Paleocene Epoch

Dapingian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -470.0 +|-1.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -467.3 +|-1.1 Ma
broader: Middle Ordovician Epoch
broader transitive: Ordovician Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.5.2.2
preferred label: Daping @cs
preferred label: Dapingi @et
preferred label: Dapingian
preferred label: Dapingiano @pt
preferred label: Dapingien @da
preferred label: Dapingiense @es
preferred label: Dapingis @lt
preferred label: Dapingium @de
preferred label: Dapingiën @nl
preferred label: daping @sk
preferred label: dapingi @hu
preferred label: dapingiano @it
preferred label: dapingij @sl
preferred label: Дапинг @bg
preferred label: ダピンギアン期 @ja
preferred label: 大坪期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Middle Ordovician
has end: Base of Darriwillian
interval in: Middle Ordovician Epoch
interval meets: Darriwilian Age
interval met by: Floian Age
interval met by: Early Ordovician Epoch
interval starts: Middle Ordovician Epoch

Darriwilian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -467.3 +|-1.1 Ma
comment: younger bound -458.4 +|-0.9 Ma
broader: Middle Ordovician Epoch
broader transitive: Ordovician Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.5.2.1
preferred label: Daewillium @no
preferred label: Darivilis @lt
preferred label: Darriwil @cs
preferred label: Darriwili @et
preferred label: Darriwilian
preferred label: Darriwiliano @pt
preferred label: Darriwilien @da
preferred label: Darriwiliense @es
preferred label: Darriwilium @de
preferred label: Darriwiliën @nl
preferred label: darriwil @sk
preferred label: darriwili @hu
preferred label: darriwilij @sl
preferred label: darriwilliano @it
preferred label: Даривил @bg
preferred label: ダーリウィリアン期 @ja
preferred label: 达瑞威尔期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Darriwillian
has end: Base of Late Ordovician
interval finishes: Middle Ordovician Epoch
interval in: Middle Ordovician Epoch
interval meets: Sandbian Age
interval meets: Late Ordovician Epoch
interval met by: Dapingian Age

Devonian Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -419.2 +|-3.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -358.9 +|-0.4 Ma
broader: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Early Devonian Epoch
narrower: Middle Devonian Epoch
narrower: Late Devonian Epoch
narrower transitive: Eifelian Age
narrower transitive: Emsian Age
narrower transitive: Famennian Age
narrower transitive: Frasnian Age
narrower transitive: Givetian Age
narrower transitive: Lochkovian Age
narrower transitive: Pragian Age
notation: a1.1.3.3
preferred label: Devon @cs
preferred label: Devonas @lt
preferred label: Devoni @fi
preferred label: Devonian
preferred label: Devoon @nl
preferred label: Devónico @es
preferred label: Dewon @pl
preferred label: Dévonien @fr
preferred label: devon @hu
preferred label: devoniano @it
preferred label: devón @sk
preferred label: Девон @bg
preferred label: デボン紀 @ja
preferred label: 泥盆纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Devonian
has end: Base of Carboniferous
interval contains: Middle Devonian Epoch
interval during: Paleozoic Era
interval finished by: Late Devonian Epoch
interval in: Paleozoic Era
interval meets: Carboniferous Period
interval meets: Early Mississippian Epoch
interval meets: Mississippian Sub-period
interval meets: Tournaisian Age
interval met by: Pridoli Epoch
interval met by: Silurian Period
interval started by: Early Devonian Epoch

Drumian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -504.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -500.5 Ma
broader: Miaolingian Epoch
broader transitive: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.6.2.2
preferred label: Drum @cs
preferred label: Drumi @et
preferred label: Drumian
preferred label: Drumiano @pt
preferred label: Drumien @da
preferred label: Drumiense @es
preferred label: Drumis @lt
preferred label: Drumium @de
preferred label: Drumiën @nl
preferred label: drum @sk
preferred label: drumi @hu
preferred label: drumiano @it
preferred label: drumij @sl
preferred label: Друм @bg
preferred label: ドルミアン期 @ja
preferred label: 鼓山期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Drumian
has end: Base of Guzhangian
interval during: Miaolingian Epoch
interval in: Miaolingian Epoch
interval meets: Guzhangian Age
interval met by: Wuliuan Age

Ectasian Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -1400 Ma
comment: younger bound -1200 Ma
broader: Mesoproterozoic Era
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
broader transitive: Proterozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.1.2.2
preferred label: Ectas @cs
preferred label: Ectasian
preferred label: Ectasiano @pt
preferred label: Ectasien @da
preferred label: Ectasiense @es
preferred label: Ectasium @de
preferred label: Ectasiën @nl
preferred label: Ektas @pl
preferred label: Ektasis @lt
preferred label: Ektasium @no
preferred label: ectasi @hu
preferred label: ectasiano @it
preferred label: ectasij @sl
preferred label: ectasium @sv
preferred label: ektazium @sk
preferred label: Ектаз @bg
preferred label: エクタシアン紀 @ja
preferred label: 延展纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Ectasian
has end: Base of Stenian
interval during: Mesoproterozoic Era
interval in: Mesoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Stenian Period
interval met by: Calymmian Period

Ediacaran Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
description: Enorama Creek, Flinders Ranges, South Australia | 31.3314 S 138.6334 E | Base of the Marinoan cap Carbonate | (1) rapid decay of Marinoan ice sheets and onset of distinct cap carbonates throughout the world, and (2) the beginning of a distinctive pattern of secular changes in carbon isotopes. | Ratified 1990 | Lethaia 39, p.13 30, 2006 | http://stratigraphy.science.purdue.edu/references/EdiacaranGSSP_Lethaia060.pdf
comment: older bound -635 Ma
comment: younger bound -541.0 +|-1.0 Ma
broader: Neoproterozoic Era
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
broader transitive: Proterozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.1.1.1
preferred label: Ediacar @cs
preferred label: Ediacara @da
preferred label: Ediacaran
preferred label: Ediacariano @pt
preferred label: Ediacarien @fr
preferred label: Ediacariense @es
preferred label: Ediacarium @de
preferred label: Ediakar @pl
preferred label: Ediakaras @lt
preferred label: ediacara @sv
preferred label: ediacaranum @hu
preferred label: ediacariano @it
preferred label: ediacarij @sl
preferred label: ediakarium @sk
preferred label: Едиакар @bg
preferred label: エディアカラ紀 @ja
preferred label: 埃迪卡拉纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Ediacaran
has end: Base of Phanerozoic
interval finishes: Neoproterozoic Era
interval in: Neoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Cambrian Period
interval meets: Fortunian Age
interval meets: Paleozoic Era
interval meets: Phanerozoic Eon
interval meets: Terreneuvian Epoch
interval met by: Cryogenian Period

Eifelian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -393.3 +|-1.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -387.7 +|-0.8 Ma
broader: Middle Devonian Epoch
broader transitive: Devonian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.3.2.2
preferred label: Eifel @cs
preferred label: Eifeli @et
preferred label: Eifelian
preferred label: Eifeliano @pt
preferred label: Eifelien @da
preferred label: Eifeliense @es
preferred label: Eifelis @lt
preferred label: Eifelium @de
preferred label: Eifeliën @nl
preferred label: Eifélien @fr
preferred label: eifel @sk
preferred label: eifeli @hu
preferred label: eifeliano @it
preferred label: eifelij @sl
preferred label: пйфел @bg
preferred label: アイフェリアン期 @ja
preferred label: 艾菲尔期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Middle Devonian
has end: Base of Givetian
interval in: Middle Devonian Epoch
interval meets: Givetian Age
interval met by: Emsian Age
interval met by: Early Devonian Epoch
interval starts: Middle Devonian Epoch

Emsian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -407.6 +|-2.6 Ma
comment: younger bound -393.3 +|-1.2 Ma
broader: Early Devonian Epoch
broader transitive: Devonian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.3.3.1
preferred label: Ems @cs
preferred label: Emsi @et
preferred label: Emsian
preferred label: Emsiano @pt
preferred label: Emsien @da
preferred label: Emsiense @es
preferred label: Emsis @lt
preferred label: Emsium @de
preferred label: Emsiën @nl
preferred label: ems @sk
preferred label: emsi @hu
preferred label: emsiano @it
preferred label: emsij @sl
preferred label: Емѿ @bg
preferred label: エムシアン期 @ja
preferred label: 艾姆斯期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Emsian
has end: Base of Middle Devonian
interval finishes: Early Devonian Epoch
interval in: Early Devonian Epoch
interval meets: Eifelian Age
interval meets: Middle Devonian Epoch
interval met by: Pragian Age

Eoarchean Era
type: Era
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -4000 Ma
comment: younger bound -3600 Ma
broader: Archean Eon
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.2.4
preferred label: Eo-archaicum @nl
preferred label: Eoarcaico @es
preferred label: Eoarchaean
preferred label: Eoarchaik @pl
preferred label: Eoarchaikum @cs
preferred label: Eoarchean
preferred label: Eoarchejus @lt
preferred label: Eoarchéen @fr
preferred label: Eoarhaikum @et
preferred label: Eoarkeikum @fi
preferred label: Eoarkæisk @da
preferred label: eoarchaikum @hu
preferred label: eoarcheano @it
preferred label: eoarhaik @sl
preferred label: eoarkeikum @sv
preferred label: Еоархай @bg
preferred label: 始太古代 @zh
preferred label: 暁始生代 @ja
has beginning: Base of Archean
has end: Base of Paleoarchean
interval in: Archean Eon
interval meets: Paleoarchean Era
interval met by: Hadean Eon
interval starts: Archean Eon

Eocene Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -56 Ma
comment: younger bound -33.9 Ma
broader: Paleogene Period
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Bartonian Age
narrower: Lutetian Age
narrower: Priabonian Age
narrower: Ypresian Age
notation: a1.1.1.3.2
preferred label: Eoceen @nl
preferred label: Eocen @no
preferred label: Eocenas @lt
preferred label: Eocene
preferred label: Eoceno @es
preferred label: Eocæn @da
preferred label: Eocène @fr
preferred label: Eocén @cs
preferred label: Eocénico @pt
preferred label: Eoseeni @fi
preferred label: Eotseen @et
preferred label: Eozän @de
preferred label: eocen @sl
preferred label: eocene @it
preferred label: eocén @hu
preferred label: Еоцен @bg
preferred label: 始新世 @ja
has beginning: Base of Eocene
has end: Base of Oligocene
interval contains: Bartonian Age
interval contains: Lutetian Age
interval during: Paleogene Period
interval finished by: Priabonian Age
interval in: Paleogene Period
interval meets: Oligocene Epoch
interval meets: Rupelian Age
interval met by: Paleocene Epoch
interval met by: Thanetian Age
interval started by: Ypresian Age

GeochronologicEras of rank "Eon"
type: ClassificationLevel
type: Collection
depth: 3
member: Archean Eon
member: Hadean Eon
member: Phanerozoic Eon
member: Proterozoic Eon

GeochronologicEras of rank "Epoch"
type: ClassificationLevel
type: Collection
depth: 6
member: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
member: Cisuralian Epoch
member: Eocene Epoch
member: Furongian Epoch
member: Guadalupian Epoch
member: Holocene Epoch
member: Llandovery Epoch
member: Lopingian Epoch
member: Early Cretaceous Epoch
member: Early Devonian Epoch
member: Early Jurassic Epoch
member: Early Mississippian Epoch
member: Early Ordovician Epoch
member: Early Pennsylvanian Epoch
member: Early Triassic Epoch
member: Ludlow Epoch
member: Miaolingian Epoch
member: Middle Devonian Epoch
member: Middle Jurassic Epoch
member: Middle Mississippian Epoch
member: Middle Ordovician Epoch
member: Middle Pennsylvanian Epoch
member: Middle Triassic Epoch
member: Miocene Epoch
member: Oligocene Epoch
member: Paleocene Epoch
member: Pleistocene Epoch
member: Pliocene Epoch
member: Pridoli Epoch
member: Terreneuvian Epoch
member: Late Cretaceous Epoch
member: Late Devonian Epoch
member: Late Jurassic Epoch
member: Late Mississippian Epoch
member: Late Ordovician Epoch
member: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
member: Late Triassic Epoch
member: Wenlock Epoch

GeochronologicEras of rank "Era"
type: ClassificationLevel
type: Collection
depth: 4
member: Cenozoic Era
member: Eoarchean Era
member: Mesoarchean Era
member: Mesoproterozoic Era
member: Mesozoic Era
member: Neoarchean Era
member: Neoproterozoic Era
member: Paleoarchean Era
member: Paleoproterozoic Era
member: Paleozoic Era

Famennian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -372.2 +|-1.6 Ma
comment: younger bound -358.9 +|-0.4 Ma
broader: Late Devonian Epoch
broader transitive: Devonian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.3.1.1
preferred label: Famen @cs
preferred label: Fameniano @pt
preferred label: Fameniense @es
preferred label: Famenis @lt
preferred label: Famenne @et
preferred label: Famennian
preferred label: Famennien @da
preferred label: Famennium @no
preferred label: Famenniën @nl
preferred label: Fammenn @fi
preferred label: Fammennium @de
preferred label: famen @sk
preferred label: famenn @sv
preferred label: famenni @hu
preferred label: famenniano @it
preferred label: fammenij @sl
preferred label: Фамен @bg
preferred label: ファメニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 法门期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Famennian
has end: Base of Carboniferous
interval finishes: Late Devonian Epoch
interval in: Late Devonian Epoch
interval meets: Carboniferous Period
interval meets: Early Mississippian Epoch
interval meets: Mississippian Sub-period
interval meets: Tournaisian Age
interval met by: Frasnian Age

Floian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -477.7 +|-1.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -470.0 +|-1.4 Ma
broader: Early Ordovician Epoch
broader transitive: Ordovician Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.5.3.1
preferred label: Flo @cs
preferred label: Floi @et
preferred label: Floian
preferred label: Floiano @pt
preferred label: Floien @fr
preferred label: Floiense @es
preferred label: Flois @lt
preferred label: Floium @de
preferred label: Floiën @nl
preferred label: flo @sk
preferred label: floi @hu
preferred label: floiano @it
preferred label: floij @sl
preferred label: フロイアン期 @ja
preferred label: 弗洛期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Floian
has end: Base of Middle Ordovician
interval finishes: Early Ordovician Epoch
interval in: Early Ordovician Epoch
interval meets: Dapingian Age
interval meets: Middle Ordovician Epoch
interval met by: Tremadocian Age

Formation of the Earth
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
positional uncertainty: Formation of earth uncertainty
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
in temporal position: FormationOfEarthTime

FormationOfEarthTime
type: TimePosition
positional uncertainty: Formation of earth uncertainty
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 4567

Formation of earth uncertainty
type: Duration
numeric duration: 1
unit type: Ma

Fortunian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -541.0 +|-1.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -529 Ma
broader: Terreneuvian Epoch
broader transitive: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.6.4.2
preferred label: Fortun @cs
preferred label: Fortune @et
preferred label: Fortunian
preferred label: Fortuniano @pt
preferred label: Fortunien @da
preferred label: Fortuniense @es
preferred label: Fortunis @lt
preferred label: Fortunium @de
preferred label: Fortuniën @nl
preferred label: fortun @sk
preferred label: fortuni @hu
preferred label: fortuniano @it
preferred label: fortunij @sl
preferred label: Фортун @bg
preferred label: フォルツニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 好运期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Phanerozoic
has end: Base of Cambrian Stage 2
interval in: Terreneuvian Epoch
interval meets: Cambrian Stage 2 Age
interval met by: Ediacaran Period
interval met by: Neoproterozoic Era
interval met by: Precambrian Supereon
interval met by: Proterozoic Eon
interval starts: Terreneuvian Epoch

Frasnian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -382.7 +|-1.6 Ma
comment: younger bound -372.2 +|-1.6 Ma
broader: Late Devonian Epoch
broader transitive: Devonian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.3.1.2
preferred label: Fran @pl
preferred label: Franis @lt
preferred label: Frasn @cs
preferred label: Frasne @et
preferred label: Frasneium @no
preferred label: Frasnian
preferred label: Frasniano @pt
preferred label: Frasnien @da
preferred label: Frasniense @es
preferred label: Frasnium @de
preferred label: Frasniën @nl
preferred label: frasn @sk
preferred label: frasni @hu
preferred label: frasniano @it
preferred label: frasnij @sl
preferred label: Фран @bg
preferred label: フラスニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 弗拉斯期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Devonian
has end: Base of Famennian
interval in: Late Devonian Epoch
interval meets: Famennian Age
interval met by: Givetian Age
interval met by: Middle Devonian Epoch
interval starts: Late Devonian Epoch

Furongian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -497 Ma
comment: younger bound -485.4 +|-1.9 Ma
broader: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Cambrian Stage 10 Age
narrower: Jiangshanian Age
narrower: Paibian Age
notation: a1.1.3.6.1
preferred label: Furogiense @es
preferred label: Furong @cs
preferred label: Furongian
preferred label: Furongiano @pt
preferred label: Furongien @da
preferred label: Furongis @lt
preferred label: Furongium @de
preferred label: Furongiën @nl
preferred label: furong @sk
preferred label: furongi @hu
preferred label: furongiano @it
preferred label: furongij @sl
preferred label: Фуронг @bg
preferred label: フロンギアン世 @ja
preferred label: 芙蓉世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Furongian
has end: Base of Ordovician
interval contains: Jiangshanian Age
interval finished by: Cambrian Stage 10 Age
interval finishes: Cambrian Period
interval in: Cambrian Period
interval meets: Early Ordovician Epoch
interval meets: Ordovician Period
interval meets: Tremadocian Age
interval met by: Guzhangian Age
interval met by: Miaolingian Epoch
interval started by: Paibian Age

Gelasian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -2.58 Ma
comment: younger bound -1.80 Ma
broader: Pleistocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Quaternary Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.1.2.4
preferred label: Gelas @cs
preferred label: Gelasi @et
preferred label: Gelasian
preferred label: Gelasiano @pt
preferred label: Gelasien @fr
preferred label: Gelasiense @es
preferred label: Gelasis @lt
preferred label: Gelasium @de
preferred label: Pretigliën + Tigliën @nl
preferred label: gelas @sk
preferred label: gelasi @hu
preferred label: gelasiano @it
preferred label: gelasij @sl
preferred label: ゲラシアン期 @ja
preferred label: 格拉斯期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Quaternary
has end: Base of Calabrian
interval in: Pleistocene Epoch
interval meets: Calabrian Age
interval met by: Neogene Period
interval met by: Piacenzian Age
interval met by: Pliocene Epoch
interval starts: Pleistocene Epoch

GeochronologicEras (all ranks) in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart
type: Collection
depth: 1
member: GeochronologicEras of rank "Age"
member: GeochronologicEras of rank "Eon"
member: GeochronologicEras of rank "Epoch"
member: GeochronologicEras of rank "Era"
member: GeochronologicEras of rank "Period"
member: GeochronologicEras of rank "Sub-Period"
member: GeochronologicEras of rank "Super-Eon"

Givetian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -387.7 +|-0.8 Ma
comment: younger bound -382.7 +|-1.6 Ma
broader: Middle Devonian Epoch
broader transitive: Devonian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.3.2.1
preferred label: Givet @cs
preferred label: Givetian
preferred label: Givetiano @pt
preferred label: Givetien @da
preferred label: Givetiense @es
preferred label: Givetium @de
preferred label: Givetiën @nl
preferred label: Givétien @fr
preferred label: givet @sk
preferred label: giveti @hu
preferred label: givetiano @it
preferred label: givetij @sl
preferred label: Żywet @pl
preferred label: Živetis @lt
preferred label: Живет @bg
preferred label: ジベーチアン期 @ja
preferred label: 吉维特期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Givetian
has end: Base of Late Devonian
interval finishes: Middle Devonian Epoch
interval in: Middle Devonian Epoch
interval meets: Frasnian Age
interval meets: Late Devonian Epoch
interval met by: Eifelian Age

Gorstian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -427.4 +|-0.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -425.6 +|-0.9 Ma
broader: Ludlow Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Silurian Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.4.2.2
preferred label: Gorst @cs
preferred label: Gorsti @et
preferred label: Gorstian
preferred label: Gorstiano @pt
preferred label: Gorstien @da
preferred label: Gorstiense @es
preferred label: Gorstis @lt
preferred label: Gorstium @de
preferred label: Gorstiën @nl
preferred label: gorst @sk
preferred label: gorsti @hu
preferred label: gorstiano @it
preferred label: gorstij @sl
preferred label: Горѿт @bg
preferred label: ゴースティアン期 @ja
preferred label: 格斯特期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Ludlow
has end: Base of Ludfordian Stage
interval in: Ludlow Epoch
interval meets: Ludfordian Age
interval met by: Homerian Age
interval met by: Wenlock Epoch
interval starts: Ludlow Epoch

Greenlandian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -0.0117 Ma
comment: younger bound -0.0082 Ma
broader: Holocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Quaternary Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.1.1.3
preferred label: Greenlandian
has beginning: Base of Holocene
has end: Base of Northgrippian
interval in: Holocene Epoch
interval meets: Northgrippian Age
interval met by: Pleistocene Epoch
interval met by: Late Pleistocene Age
interval starts: Holocene Epoch

Guadalupian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -272.95 +|-0.11 Ma
comment: younger bound -259.1 +|-0.5 Ma
broader: Permian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Capitanian Age
narrower: Roadian Age
narrower: Wordian Age
notation: a1.1.3.1.2
preferred label: Guadalup @cs
preferred label: Guadalupian
preferred label: Guadalupiano @pt
preferred label: Guadalupien @da
preferred label: Guadalupiense @es
preferred label: Guadalupium @de
preferred label: Guadalupiën @nl
preferred label: Guadalupéen @fr
preferred label: Gvadalupis @lt
preferred label: Gwadelup @pl
preferred label: guadalup @sk
preferred label: guadalupei @hu
preferred label: guadalupiano @it
preferred label: guadalupij @sl
preferred label: Гуадалуп @bg
preferred label: ガダリューピアン世 @ja
preferred label: 瓜德鲁普世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Guadalupian
has end: Base of Lopingian
interval contains: Wordian Age
interval during: Permian Period
interval finished by: Capitanian Age
interval in: Permian Period
interval meets: Lopingian Epoch
interval meets: Wuchiapingian Age
interval met by: Cisuralian Epoch
interval met by: Kungurian Age
interval started by: Roadian Age

Guzhangian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -500.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -497 Ma
broader: Miaolingian Epoch
broader transitive: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.6.2.1
preferred label: Guzhang @cs
preferred label: Guzhangi @et
preferred label: Guzhangian
preferred label: Guzhangiano @pt
preferred label: Guzhangien @da
preferred label: Guzhangiense @es
preferred label: Guzhangium @de
preferred label: Guzhangiën @nl
preferred label: Gużang @pl
preferred label: Gužangis @lt
preferred label: guzhang @sv
preferred label: guzhangi @hu
preferred label: guzhangiano @it
preferred label: guzhangij @sl
preferred label: gužang @sk
preferred label: Жужанг @bg
preferred label: グザンギアン期 @ja
preferred label: 古丈期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Guzhangian
has end: Base of Furongian
interval finishes: Miaolingian Epoch
interval in: Miaolingian Epoch
interval meets: Furongian Epoch
interval meets: Paibian Age
interval met by: Drumian Age

Gzhelian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -303.7 +|-0.1 Ma
comment: younger bound -298.9 +|-0.15 Ma
broader: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
broader transitive: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.2.1.1.1
preferred label: Gzeliano @pt
preferred label: Gzeliense @es
preferred label: Gzhel @cs
preferred label: Gzheli @et
preferred label: Gzhelian
preferred label: Gzhelien @da
preferred label: Gzhelium @de
preferred label: Gzheliën @nl
preferred label: Gzhélien @fr
preferred label: Gżel @pl
preferred label: Gželis @lt
preferred label: gzhel @sv
preferred label: gzheliano @it
preferred label: gzseli @hu
preferred label: gžel @sk
preferred label: gželij @sl
preferred label: Гжел @bg
preferred label: グゼリアン期 @ja
preferred label: 格热尔期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Gzhelian
has end: Base of Permian
interval finishes: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval in: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval meets: Asselian Age
interval meets: Cisuralian Epoch
interval meets: Permian Period
interval met by: Kasimovian Age

Hadean Eon
type: Eon
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -4567 +|-1 Ma
comment: younger bound -4000 Ma
broader: Precambrian Supereon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.3
preferred label: Hadaikum @de
preferred label: Hadea @fi
preferred label: Hadean (Nieformalny) @pl
preferred label: Hadean
preferred label: Hadeano @pt
preferred label: Hadeikum @no
preferred label: Hadejus (neoficialus) @lt
preferred label: Hadesi?? @et
preferred label: Hadeánico @es
preferred label: Hadeïcum @nl
preferred label: Hadéen @fr
preferred label: Hád (spodní hranice není definována) @cs
preferred label: adeano @it
preferred label: hadaikum @sk
preferred label: hadei @hu
preferred label: hadeikum @sv
preferred label: hadej (neformalno) @sl
preferred label: 冥古宙（非正式） @zh
preferred label: 冥王代（非公式の） @ja
has beginning: Formation of the Earth
has end: Base of Archean
interval in: Precambrian Supereon
interval meets: Archean Eon
interval meets: Eoarchean Era
interval starts: Precambrian Supereon

Hauterivian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -132.9 Ma
comment: younger bound -129.4 Ma
broader: Early Cretaceous Epoch
broader transitive: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.1.2.4
preferred label: Hauteriv @cs
preferred label: Hauterivi @et
preferred label: Hauterivian
preferred label: Hauteriviano @pt
preferred label: Hauterivien @da
preferred label: Hauterivium @de
preferred label: Hauteriviën @nl
preferred label: Hauteviriense @es
preferred label: Hoterivis @lt
preferred label: Hoteryw @pl
preferred label: hauteriv @sk
preferred label: hauterivi @hu
preferred label: hauteriviano @it
preferred label: hauterivij @sl
preferred label: Хотрив @bg
preferred label: オーテリビアン期 @ja
preferred label: 豪特里维期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Hauterivian
has end: Base of Barremian
interval during: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval in: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval meets: Barremian Age
interval met by: Valanginian Age

Hettangian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -201.3 +|-0.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -199.3 +|-0.3 Ma
broader: Early Jurassic Epoch
broader transitive: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.2.3.4
preferred label: Hetang @pl
preferred label: Hetangiano @pt
preferred label: Hetangis @lt
preferred label: Hettagiense @es
preferred label: Hettang @cs
preferred label: Hettangi @et
preferred label: Hettangian
preferred label: Hettangien @da
preferred label: Hettangium @de
preferred label: Hettangiën @nl
preferred label: hetanž @sk
preferred label: hettang @sv
preferred label: hettangi @hu
preferred label: hettangiano @it
preferred label: hettangij @sl
preferred label: Хетанж @bg
preferred label: ヘッタンギアン期 @ja
preferred label: 赫唐期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Jurassic
has end: Base of Sinemurian
interval in: Early Jurassic Epoch
interval meets: Sinemurian Age
interval met by: Rhaetian Age
interval met by: Triassic Period
interval met by: Late Triassic Epoch
interval starts: Early Jurassic Epoch

Hirnantian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -445.2 +|-1.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -443.8 +|-1.5 Ma
broader: Late Ordovician Epoch
broader transitive: Ordovician Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.5.1.1
preferred label: Hirnant @cs
preferred label: Hirnantia @et
preferred label: Hirnantian
preferred label: Hirnantiano @pt
preferred label: Hirnantien @da
preferred label: Hirnantiense @es
preferred label: Hirnantis @lt
preferred label: Hirnantium @de
preferred label: Hirnantiën @nl
preferred label: Hirnatium @no
preferred label: hirnant @sk
preferred label: hirnanti @hu
preferred label: hirnantiano @it
preferred label: hirnantij @sl
preferred label: Хирнант @bg
preferred label: ヒルナンティアン期 @ja
preferred label: 赫南特期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Hirnantian
has end: Base of Silurian
interval finishes: Late Ordovician Epoch
interval in: Late Ordovician Epoch
interval meets: Llandovery Epoch
interval meets: Rhuddanian Age
interval meets: Silurian Period
interval met by: Katian Age

Holocene Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -0.0117 Ma
comment: younger bound -0.0 Ma
broader: Quaternary Period
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Greenlandian Age
narrower: Meghalayan Age
narrower: Northgrippian Age
notation: a1.1.1.1.1
preferred label: Holoceen @nl
preferred label: Holocen @no
preferred label: Holocenas @lt
preferred label: Holocene
preferred label: Holoceno @es
preferred label: Holocæn @da
preferred label: Holocène @fr
preferred label: Holocén @cs
preferred label: Holocénico @pt
preferred label: Holoseeni @fi
preferred label: Holotseen @et
preferred label: Holozän @de
preferred label: holocen @sl
preferred label: holocén @hu
preferred label: olocene @it
preferred label: Холоцен @bg
preferred label: 全新世 @zh
preferred label: 完新世 @ja
has beginning: Base of Holocene
has end: The Present
interval contains: Northgrippian Age
interval finished by: Meghalayan Age
interval finishes: Quaternary Period
interval in: Quaternary Period
interval met by: Pleistocene Epoch
interval met by: Late Pleistocene Age
interval started by: Greenlandian Age

Homerian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -430.5 +|-0.7 Ma
comment: younger bound -427.4 +|-0.5 Ma
broader: Wenlock Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Silurian Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.4.3.1
preferred label: Homer @cs
preferred label: Homeri @et
preferred label: Homerian
preferred label: Homeriano @pt
preferred label: Homerien @da
preferred label: Homeriense @es
preferred label: Homeris @lt
preferred label: Homerium @de
preferred label: Homeriën @nl
preferred label: Homérien @fr
preferred label: homer @sk
preferred label: homeri @hu
preferred label: homeriano @it
preferred label: homerij @sl
preferred label: Хомер @bg
preferred label: ホメリアン期 @ja
preferred label: 侯默期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Homerian
has end: Base of Ludlow
interval finishes: Wenlock Epoch
interval in: Wenlock Epoch
interval meets: Gorstian Age
interval meets: Ludlow Epoch
interval met by: Sheinwoodian Age

Induan Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -251.902 +|-0.024 Ma
comment: younger bound -251.2 Ma
broader: Early Triassic Epoch
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Triassic Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.3.3.2
preferred label: Ind @pl
preferred label: Indis @lt
preferred label: Indu @cs
preferred label: Induan
preferred label: Induano @pt
preferred label: Induen @da
preferred label: Induense @es
preferred label: Induiën @nl
preferred label: Indus @fi
preferred label: Indusium @de
preferred label: indij @sl
preferred label: indu @sk
preferred label: induano @it
preferred label: indusi @hu
preferred label: Инд @bg
preferred label: インドゥアン期 @ja
preferred label: 印度期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Mesozoic
has end: Base of Olenekian
interval in: Early Triassic Epoch
interval meets: Olenekian Age
interval met by: Changhsingian Age
interval met by: Lopingian Epoch
interval met by: Paleozoic Era
interval met by: Permian Period
interval starts: Early Triassic Epoch

Ion
type: GeochronologicEra
is replaced by: Middle Pleistocene Age
change note: Superseded by "Middle Pleistocene"
preferred label: Ionian
preferred label: Ioniano @pt
preferred label: Ionien @fr
preferred label: Ioniense @es
preferred label: Ionium @de
preferred label: Iooni @et
preferred label: ion @sv
preferred label: ioni @hu
preferred label: ioniano @it
preferred label: ionij @sl
preferred label: jonian @sk
preferred label: lonis @lt
preferred label: Йониан @bg
preferred label: “爱奥尼亚”期 @zh
preferred label: イオニアン期 @ja

Jiangshanian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -494 Ma
comment: younger bound -489.5 Ma
alternative label: Cambrium, Zone 9 @nl
alternative label: Cámbrico-Piso 9 @es
alternative label: Câmbrico-Piso 9 @pt
preferred label: Jiangshanian
alternative label: Kambr-Piętro 9 @pl
alternative label: Kambras - Aukštas 9 @lt
alternative label: Kambri-vaihe 9 @fi
alternative label: Kambrium -etasje 9 @no
alternative label: Kambrium, Lade 9 @et
alternative label: Kambrium-Etage 9 @da
alternative label: Kambrium-Stufe 9 @de
alternative label: Kambrium-Stupeň 9 @cs
alternative label: cambriano - stage 9 @it
alternative label: kambrij-stopnja 9 @sl
alternative label: kambrium 9. emelet @hu
alternative label: kambrium etage 9 @sv
alternative label: kambrium, stupeň 9 @sk
alternative label: Камбрий - 9 етаж @bg
alternative label: 第9期 @ja
alternative label: 第九期 @zh
broader: Furongian Epoch
broader transitive: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.6.1.2
preferred label: 江山期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Jiangshanian
has end: Base of Cambrian Stage 10
interval during: Furongian Epoch
interval in: Furongian Epoch
interval meets: Cambrian Stage 10 Age
interval met by: Paibian Age

Jurassic Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -201.3 +|-0.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -145.0 Ma
broader: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Early Jurassic Epoch
narrower: Middle Jurassic Epoch
narrower: Late Jurassic Epoch
narrower transitive: Aalenian Age
narrower transitive: Bajocian Age
narrower transitive: Bathonian Age
narrower transitive: Callovian Age
narrower transitive: Hettangian Age
narrower transitive: Kimmeridgian Age
narrower transitive: Oxfordian Age
narrower transitive: Pliensbachian Age
narrower transitive: Sinemurian Age
narrower transitive: Tithonian Age
narrower transitive: Toarcian Age
notation: a1.1.2.2
preferred label: Jura @cs
preferred label: Jurassic
preferred label: Jurassique @fr
preferred label: Jurassisk @da
preferred label: Jurásico @es
preferred label: Jurássico @pt
preferred label: Juura @et
preferred label: giurassico @it
preferred label: jura @hu
preferred label: jura, jurský @sk
preferred label: Юра @bg
preferred label: ジュラ紀 @ja
preferred label: 侏罗纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Jurassic
has end: Base of Cretaceous
interval contains: Middle Jurassic Epoch
interval during: Mesozoic Era
interval finished by: Late Jurassic Epoch
interval in: Mesozoic Era
interval meets: Berriasian Age
interval meets: Cretaceous Period
interval meets: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval met by: Rhaetian Age
interval met by: Triassic Period
interval met by: Late Triassic Epoch
interval started by: Early Jurassic Epoch

Kasimovian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -307 +|-0.1 Ma
comment: younger bound -303.7 +|-0.1 Ma
broader: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
broader transitive: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.2.1.1.2
preferred label: Kasimov @cs
preferred label: Kasimovi @et
preferred label: Kasimovian
preferred label: Kasimoviano @pt
preferred label: Kasimovien @da
preferred label: Kasimoviense @es
preferred label: Kasimovis @lt
preferred label: Kasimovium @de
preferred label: Kasimoviën @nl
preferred label: Kasimow @pl
preferred label: kasimov @sk
preferred label: kasimoviano @it
preferred label: kasimovij @sl
preferred label: kaszimovi @hu
preferred label: Каѿимов @bg
preferred label: カシモビアン期 @ja
preferred label: 卡西莫夫期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Pennsylvanian
has end: Base of Gzhelian
interval in: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval meets: Gzhelian Age
interval met by: Middle Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval met by: Moscovian Age
interval starts: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch

Katian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -453 +|-0.7 Ma
comment: younger bound -445.2 +|-1.4 Ma
broader: Late Ordovician Epoch
broader transitive: Ordovician Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.5.1.2
preferred label: Kat @cs
preferred label: Kati @et
preferred label: Katian
preferred label: Katiano @pt
preferred label: Katien @da
preferred label: Katiense @es
preferred label: Katis @lt
preferred label: Katium @de
preferred label: Katiën @nl
preferred label: kat @sk
preferred label: kati @hu
preferred label: katiano @it
preferred label: katij @sl
preferred label: Кат @bg
preferred label: カティアン期 @ja
preferred label: 凯迪期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Katian
has end: Base of Hirnantian
interval during: Late Ordovician Epoch
interval in: Late Ordovician Epoch
interval meets: Hirnantian Age
interval met by: Sandbian Age

Kimmeridgian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -157.3 +|-1.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -152.1 +|-0.9 Ma
broader: Late Jurassic Epoch
broader transitive: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.2.1.2
preferred label: Kimeridgiano @pt
preferred label: Kimeridis @lt
preferred label: Kimeryd @pl
preferred label: Kimmeridge @et
preferred label: Kimmeridgian
preferred label: Kimmeridgien @da
preferred label: Kimmeridgiense @es
preferred label: Kimmeridgium @de
preferred label: Kimmeridgiën @nl
preferred label: Kimmeridž @cs
preferred label: Kimméridgien @fr
preferred label: kimeridž @sk
preferred label: kimmeridge @sv
preferred label: kimmeridgei @hu
preferred label: kimmeridgiano @it
preferred label: kimmeridgij @sl
preferred label: Кимеридж @bg
preferred label: キンメリッジアン期 @ja
preferred label: 启莫里支期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Kimmeridgian
has end: Base of Tithonian
interval during: Late Jurassic Epoch
interval in: Late Jurassic Epoch
interval meets: Tithonian Age
interval met by: Oxfordian Age

Kungurian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -283.5 +|-0.6 Ma
comment: younger bound -272.95 +|-0.11 Ma
broader: Cisuralian Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Permian Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.1.3.1
preferred label: Kungur @cs
preferred label: Kunguri @et
preferred label: Kungurian
preferred label: Kunguriano @pt
preferred label: Kungurien @da
preferred label: Kunguriense @es
preferred label: Kunguris @lt
preferred label: Kungurium @de
preferred label: Kunguriën @nl
preferred label: kungur @sk
preferred label: kunguri @hu
preferred label: kungurianno @it
preferred label: kungurij @sl
preferred label: Кунгур @bg
preferred label: クングリアン期 @ja
preferred label: 孔古尔期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Kungurian
has end: Base of Guadalupian
interval finishes: Cisuralian Epoch
interval in: Cisuralian Epoch
interval meets: Guadalupian Epoch
interval meets: Roadian Age
interval met by: Artinskian Age

Ladinian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -242 Ma
comment: younger bound -237 Ma
broader: Middle Triassic Epoch
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Triassic Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.3.2.1
preferred label: Ladin @cs
preferred label: Ladini @et
preferred label: Ladinian
preferred label: Ladiniano @pt
preferred label: Ladinien @da
preferred label: Ladiniense @es
preferred label: Ladinis @lt
preferred label: Ladinium @de
preferred label: Ladiniën @nl
preferred label: Ladyn @pl
preferred label: ladin @hu
preferred label: ladinico @it
preferred label: ladinij @sl
preferred label: Ладин @bg
preferred label: ラディニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 拉迪尼亚期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Ladinian
has end: Base of Late Triassic
interval finishes: Middle Triassic Epoch
interval in: Middle Triassic Epoch
interval meets: Carnian Age
interval meets: Late Triassic Epoch
interval met by: Anisian Age

Langhian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -15.97 Ma
comment: younger bound -13.82 Ma
broader: Miocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Neogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.2.2.4
preferred label: Lang @pl
preferred label: Langh @cs
preferred label: Langhi @et
preferred label: Langhian
preferred label: Langhiano @pt
preferred label: Langhien @da
preferred label: Langhiense @es
preferred label: Langhium @de
preferred label: Langhiën-Reinbek @nl
preferred label: Langis @lt
preferred label: langh @sk
preferred label: langhei @hu
preferred label: langhiano @it
preferred label: langhij @sl
preferred label: Ланг @bg
preferred label: ランギアン期 @ja
preferred label: 兰海期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Langhian
has end: Base of Serravallian
interval during: Miocene Epoch
interval in: Miocene Epoch
interval meets: Serravallian Age
interval met by: Burdigalian Age

Llandovery Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -443.8 +|-1.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -433.4 +|-0.8 Ma
broader: Silurian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Aeronian Age
narrower: Rhuddanian Age
narrower: Telychian Age
notation: a1.1.3.4.4
preferred label: Landoveris @lt
preferred label: Landower @pl
preferred label: Llandovery
preferred label: llandover @sk
preferred label: llandoverij @sl
preferred label: llandovery @it
preferred label: llandoveryi @hu
preferred label: Лиандовери @bg
preferred label: ランドベリアン世 @ja
preferred label: 兰多维列世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Silurian
has end: Base of Wenlock
interval contains: Aeronian Age
interval finished by: Telychian Age
interval in: Silurian Period
interval meets: Sheinwoodian Age
interval meets: Wenlock Epoch
interval met by: Hirnantian Age
interval met by: Ordovician Period
interval met by: Late Ordovician Epoch
interval started by: Rhuddanian Age
interval starts: Silurian Period

Lochkovian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -419.2 +|-3.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -410.8 +|-2.8 Ma
broader: Early Devonian Epoch
broader transitive: Devonian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.3.3.3
preferred label: Lochkov @cs
preferred label: Lochkovi @et
preferred label: Lochkovian
preferred label: Lochkoviano @pt
preferred label: Lochkovien @da
preferred label: Lochkoviense @es
preferred label: Lochkovis @lt
preferred label: Lochkovium @de
preferred label: Lochkoviën @nl
preferred label: Lochkow @pl
preferred label: lochkov @sk
preferred label: lochkovi @hu
preferred label: lochkoviano @it
preferred label: lochkovij @sl
preferred label: Ложков @bg
preferred label: ロッコビアン期 @ja
preferred label: 洛赫科夫期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Devonian
has end: Base of Pragian
interval in: Early Devonian Epoch
interval meets: Pragian Age
interval met by: Pridoli Epoch
interval met by: Silurian Period
interval starts: Early Devonian Epoch

Lopingian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -259.1 +|-0.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -251.902 +|-0.024 Ma
broader: Permian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Changhsingian Age
narrower: Wuchiapingian Age
notation: a1.1.3.1.1
preferred label: Loping @cs
preferred label: Lopingian
preferred label: Lopingiano @pt
preferred label: Lopingien @da
preferred label: Lopingiense @es
preferred label: Lopingis @lt
preferred label: Lopingium @de
preferred label: Lopingiën @nl
preferred label: loping @sk
preferred label: lopingi @hu
preferred label: lopingiano @it
preferred label: lopingij @sl
preferred label: Лопинг @bg
preferred label: ロピンギアン世 @ja
preferred label: 乐平世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Lopingian
has end: Base of Mesozoic
interval finished by: Changhsingian Age
interval finishes: Permian Period
interval in: Permian Period
interval meets: Induan Age
interval meets: Early Triassic Epoch
interval meets: Mesozoic Era
interval meets: Triassic Period
interval met by: Guadalupian Epoch
interval started by: Wuchiapingian Age

Early Cretaceous Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -145.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -100.5 Ma
alternative label: Ala-Liitu @fi
alternative label: Alam-Kriit @et
alternative label: Apatinė Kreida @lt
alternative label: Cretáceo Inferior @pt
alternative label: Cretácico Inferior @es
alternative label: Crétacé inférieur @fr
alternative label: Dolna Kreda @pl
alternative label: Lower Cretaceous
alternative label: Nedre Kridt @da
alternative label: Onder Krijt @nl
alternative label: Unterkreide @de
alternative label: alsó-kréta @hu
alternative label: cretacico inferiore @it
alternative label: spodnja kreda @sl
alternative label: spodná krieda @sk
alternative label: spodní křída @cs
alternative label: undre krita @sv
alternative label: undre kritt @no
alternative label: Долна Креда @bg
alternative label: 下白垩统 @zh
alternative label: 前期白亜紀 @ja
broader: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Albian Age
narrower: Aptian Age
narrower: Barremian Age
narrower: Berriasian Age
narrower: Hauterivian Age
narrower: Valanginian Age
notation: a1.1.2.1.2
preferred label: Ankstyvoji Kreida @lt
preferred label: Cretaceo precoce @it
preferred label: Cretáceo Primitivo @pt
preferred label: Cretácico temprano @es
preferred label: Crétacé précoce @fr
preferred label: Early Cretaceous
preferred label: Frühe Kreide @de
preferred label: Tidlig Kridt @da
preferred label: Varajane kriit @et
preferred label: Varhais-Liitu @fi
preferred label: Vroeg Krijt @nl
preferred label: Wczesna Kreda @pl
preferred label: kora-kréta @hu
preferred label: raná krieda @sk
preferred label: zgodnja kreda @sl
preferred label: äldre krita @sv
preferred label: Ранна Креда @bg
preferred label: 早白垩世 @zh
preferred label: 白亜紀前期 @ja
has beginning: Base of Cretaceous
has end: Base of Late Cretaceous
interval contains: Aptian Age
interval contains: Barremian Age
interval contains: Hauterivian Age
interval contains: Valanginian Age
interval finished by: Albian Age
interval in: Cretaceous Period
interval meets: Cenomanian Age
interval meets: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval met by: Jurassic Period
interval met by: Tithonian Age
interval met by: Late Jurassic Epoch
interval started by: Berriasian Age
interval starts: Cretaceous Period

Early Devonian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -419.2 +|-3.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -393.3 +|-1.2 Ma
alternative label: Ala-Devoni @fi
alternative label: Alam-Devon @et
alternative label: Apatinė Devonas @lt
alternative label: Devoniano Inferior @pt
alternative label: Devónico Inferior @es
alternative label: Dolna Dewon @pl
alternative label: Dévonien inférieur @fr
alternative label: Lower Devonian
alternative label: Nedre Devon @da
alternative label: Onder Devoon @nl
alternative label: Untervdevon @de
alternative label: alsó-devon @hu
alternative label: devoniano inferiore @it
alternative label: spodnja devon @sl
alternative label: spodná devón @sk
alternative label: spodní devon @cs
alternative label: undre devon @no
alternative label: Долна Девон @bg
alternative label: 下泥盆世 @zh
alternative label: 下部デボン紀 @ja
broader: Devonian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Emsian Age
narrower: Lochkovian Age
narrower: Pragian Age
notation: a1.1.3.3.3
preferred label: Ankstyvasis Devonas @lt
preferred label: Devoniano primitivo @pt
preferred label: Devónico temprano @es
preferred label: Dévonien précoce @fr
preferred label: Early Devonian
preferred label: Frühes Devon @de
preferred label: Tidlig Devon @da
preferred label: Tidlig devon @no
preferred label: Vara-Devon @et
preferred label: Varhais-Devoni @fi
preferred label: Vroeg Devoon @nl
preferred label: Wczesny Dewon @pl
preferred label: brzy devon @cs
preferred label: devoniano precoce @it
preferred label: kora-devon @hu
preferred label: raný devón @sk
preferred label: zgodnji devon @sl
preferred label: äldre devon @sv
preferred label: Ранен Девон @bg
preferred label: デボン紀前期 @ja
preferred label: 早泥盆世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Devonian
has end: Base of Middle Devonian
interval contains: Pragian Age
interval finished by: Emsian Age
interval in: Devonian Period
interval meets: Eifelian Age
interval meets: Middle Devonian Epoch
interval met by: Pridoli Epoch
interval met by: Silurian Period
interval started by: Lochkovian Age
interval starts: Devonian Period

Early Jurassic Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -201.3 +|-0.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -174.1 +|-1.0 Ma
alternative label: Ala-Jura @fi
alternative label: Alam-Juura @et
alternative label: Apatinė Jura @lt
alternative label: Dolna Jura @pl
alternative label: Jurassique inférieur @fr
alternative label: Jurásico Inferior @es
alternative label: Jurássico Inferior @pt
alternative label: Lower Jurassic
alternative label: Nedre Jurassisk @da
alternative label: Onder Jura @nl
alternative label: Unterjura @de
alternative label: alsó-jura @hu
alternative label: giurassico inferiore @it
alternative label: spodnja jura @sl
alternative label: spodná jura @sk
alternative label: spodní jura @cs
alternative label: undre jura @no
alternative label: Долна Юра @bg
alternative label: 下ジュラ紀 @ja
alternative label: 较低的侏罗纪 @zh
broader: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Hettangian Age
narrower: Pliensbachian Age
narrower: Sinemurian Age
narrower: Toarcian Age
notation: a1.1.2.2.3
preferred label: Ankstyvoji Jura @lt
preferred label: Early Jurassic
preferred label: Früher Jura @de
preferred label: Jurassique précoce @fr
preferred label: Jurásico temprano @es
preferred label: Jurássico primitivo @pt
preferred label: Tidlig Jurassisk @da
preferred label: Tidlig jura @no
preferred label: Vara-Juura @et
preferred label: Varhais-Jura @fi
preferred label: Vroeg Jura @nl
preferred label: Wczesna Jura @pl
preferred label: brzy jura @cs
preferred label: giurassico precoce @it
preferred label: kora-jura @hu
preferred label: raná jura @sk
preferred label: zgodnja jura @sl
preferred label: äldre jura @sv
preferred label: Ранна Юра @bg
preferred label: ジュラ紀前期 @ja
preferred label: 早侏罗世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Jurassic
has end: Base of Middle Jurassic
interval contains: Pliensbachian Age
interval contains: Sinemurian Age
interval finished by: Toarcian Age
interval in: Jurassic Period
interval meets: Aalenian Age
interval meets: Middle Jurassic Epoch
interval met by: Rhaetian Age
interval met by: Triassic Period
interval met by: Late Triassic Epoch
interval started by: Hettangian Age
interval starts: Jurassic Period

Early Mississippian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -358.9 +|-0.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -346.7 +|-0.4 Ma
alternative label: Lower Mississippian
alternative label: ミシシッピ川下流 @ja
alternative label: 下密西西比州 @zh
broader: Mississippian Sub-period
broader transitive: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Tournaisian Age
notation: x1.1.3.2.2.3
preferred label: Early Mississippian
preferred label: 前期ミシシッピアン紀 @ja
preferred label: 早密西西比世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Carboniferous
has end: Base of Middle Mississippian
interval equals: Tournaisian Age
interval in: Mississippian Sub-period
interval meets: Middle Mississippian Epoch
interval meets: Visean Age
interval met by: Devonian Period
interval met by: Famennian Age
interval met by: Late Devonian Epoch
interval starts: Mississippian Sub-period

Early Ordovician Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -485.4 +|-1.9 Ma
comment: younger bound -470.0 +|-1.4 Ma
alternative label: Ala-Ordoviikki @fi
alternative label: Alam-Ordoviitsium @et
alternative label: Apatinė Ordovikas @lt
alternative label: Dolna Ordowik @pl
alternative label: Lower Ordovician
alternative label: Nedre Ordovicium @da
alternative label: Onder Ordovicium @nl
alternative label: Ordovicien inférieur @fr
alternative label: Ordovícico Inferior @es
alternative label: Ordovícista Inferior @pt
alternative label: Unterordovizium @de
alternative label: alsó-ordovícium @hu
alternative label: ordoviciano inferiore @it
alternative label: spodnja ordovicij @sl
alternative label: spodná ordovik @sk
alternative label: spodní ordovik @cs
alternative label: undre ordovicium @no
alternative label: Долна Ордовик @bg
alternative label: 下奥陶统 @zh
alternative label: 下部オルドビス紀 @ja
broader: Ordovician Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Floian Age
narrower: Tremadocian Age
notation: a1.1.3.5.3
preferred label: Ankstyvasis Ordovikas @lt
preferred label: Early Ordovician
preferred label: Fühes Ordovizium @de
preferred label: Ordovicien précoce @fr
preferred label: Ordovícico temprano @es
preferred label: Ordovícista adiantado @pt
preferred label: Tidlig Ordovicium @da
preferred label: Tidlig ordovicium @no
preferred label: Vara-Ordoviitsium @et
preferred label: Varhais-Ordoviikki @fi
preferred label: Vroeg Ordovicium @nl
preferred label: Wczesny Ordowik @pl
preferred label: brzy ordovik @cs
preferred label: kora-ordovícium @hu
preferred label: ordoviciano precoce @it
preferred label: raný ordovik @sk
preferred label: zgodnji ordovicij @sl
preferred label: äldre ordovicium @sv
preferred label: Ранен Ордовик @bg
preferred label: オルドビス紀前期 @ja
preferred label: 早奥陶世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Ordovician
has end: Base of Middle Ordovician
interval finished by: Floian Age
interval in: Ordovician Period
interval meets: Dapingian Age
interval meets: Middle Ordovician Epoch
interval met by: Cambrian Period
interval met by: Cambrian Stage 10 Age
interval met by: Furongian Epoch
interval started by: Tremadocian Age
interval starts: Ordovician Period

Early Pennsylvanian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -323.2 +|-0.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -315.2 +|-0.2 Ma
alternative label: Lower Pennsylvanian
alternative label: ペンシルベニア州南部 @ja
alternative label: 降低宾夕法尼亚州 @zh
broader: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
broader transitive: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Bashkirian Age
notation: x1.1.3.2.1.3
preferred label: Early Pennsylvanian
preferred label: 前期ペンシルバニア紀 @ja
preferred label: 早宾夕法尼亚世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Pennsylvanian
has end: Base of Middle Pennsylvanian
interval equals: Bashkirian Age
interval in: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
interval meets: Middle Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval meets: Moscovian Age
interval met by: Mississippian Sub-period
interval met by: Serpukhovian Age
interval starts: Pennsylvanian Sub-period

Early Triassic Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -251.902 +|-0.024 Ma
comment: younger bound -247.2 Ma
alternative label: Ala-Trias @fi
alternative label: Alam-Triias @et
alternative label: Apatinė Triasas @lt
alternative label: Dolna Trias @pl
alternative label: Lower Triassic
alternative label: Nedre Triassisk @da
alternative label: Onder Trias @nl
alternative label: Trias inférieur @fr
alternative label: Triásico Inferior @es
alternative label: Triássico Inferior @pt
alternative label: Untertrias @de
alternative label: alsó-triász @hu
alternative label: spodnja trias @sl
alternative label: spodná trias @sk
alternative label: spodní trias @cs
alternative label: triassico inferiore @it
alternative label: undre trias @no
alternative label: Долна Триаѿ @bg
alternative label: 下三叠纪 @zh
alternative label: 下部三畳紀 @ja
broader: Triassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Induan Age
narrower: Olenekian Age
notation: a1.1.2.3.3
preferred label: Ankstyvasis Triasas @lt
preferred label: Early Triassic
preferred label: Frühe Trias (Buntsandstein) @de
preferred label: Tidlig Triassisk @da
preferred label: Tidlig trias @no
preferred label: Trias précoce @fr
preferred label: Triásico temprano @es
preferred label: Triássico primitivo @pt
preferred label: Vara-Triias @et
preferred label: Varhais-Trias @fi
preferred label: Vroeg Trias @nl
preferred label: Wczesny Trias @pl
preferred label: brzy trias @cs
preferred label: kora-triász @hu
preferred label: raný trias @sk
preferred label: triassico precoce @it
preferred label: zgodnji trias @sl
preferred label: äldre trias @sv
preferred label: Раннен Триаѿ @bg
preferred label: 三畳紀前期 @ja
preferred label: 早三叠世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Mesozoic
has end: Base of Middle Triassic
interval finished by: Olenekian Age
interval in: Triassic Period
interval meets: Anisian Age
interval meets: Middle Triassic Epoch
interval met by: Changhsingian Age
interval met by: Lopingian Epoch
interval met by: Paleozoic Era
interval met by: Permian Period
interval started by: Induan Age
interval starts: Triassic Period

Ludfordian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -425.6 +|-0.9 Ma
comment: younger bound -423 +|-2.3 Ma
broader: Ludlow Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Silurian Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.4.2.1
preferred label: Ludford @cs
preferred label: Ludfordi @et
preferred label: Ludfordian
preferred label: Ludfordiano @pt
preferred label: Ludfordien @da
preferred label: Ludfordiense @es
preferred label: Ludfordium @de
preferred label: Ludfordiën @nl
preferred label: Lutfordis @lt
preferred label: ludford @sk
preferred label: ludfordi @hu
preferred label: ludfordiano @it
preferred label: ludfordij @sl
preferred label: Лудфорд @bg
preferred label: ルドフォーディアン期 @ja
preferred label: 卢德福德期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Ludfordian Stage
has end: Base of Pridoli
interval finishes: Ludlow Epoch
interval in: Ludlow Epoch
interval meets: Pridoli Epoch
interval met by: Gorstian Age

Ludlow Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -427.4 +|-0.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -423 +|-2.3 Ma
broader: Silurian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Gorstian Age
narrower: Ludfordian Age
notation: a1.1.3.4.2
preferred label: Ludlovis @lt
preferred label: Ludlow
preferred label: ludlow @it
preferred label: ludlowi @hu
preferred label: ludlowij @sl
preferred label: Лудлоу @bg
preferred label: ルーロビアン世 @ja
preferred label: 卢德洛世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Ludlow
has end: Base of Pridoli
interval during: Silurian Period
interval finished by: Ludfordian Age
interval in: Silurian Period
interval meets: Pridoli Epoch
interval met by: Homerian Age
interval met by: Wenlock Epoch
interval started by: Gorstian Age

Lutetian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -47.8 Ma
comment: younger bound -41.2 Ma
broader: Eocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Paleogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.3.2.3
preferred label: Litetium @no
preferred label: Liutetis @lt
preferred label: Luteciano @pt
preferred label: Luteciense @es
preferred label: Lutet @cs
preferred label: Luteti @et
preferred label: Lutetian
preferred label: Lutetien @da
preferred label: Lutetium @de
preferred label: Lutetiën @nl
preferred label: Lutétien @fr
preferred label: leteziano @it
preferred label: lutecij @sl
preferred label: lutet @sv
preferred label: lutetiai @hu
preferred label: lutét @sk
preferred label: Лютеѿ @bg
preferred label: ルテシアン期 @ja
preferred label: 卢台特期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Lutetian
has end: Base of Bartonian
interval during: Eocene Epoch
interval in: Eocene Epoch
interval meets: Bartonian Age
interval met by: Ypresian Age

Maastrichtian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -72.1 +|-0.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -66.0 Ma
broader: Late Cretaceous Epoch
broader transitive: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.1.1.1
preferred label: Maastricht @cs
preferred label: Maastrichti @et
preferred label: Maastrichtian
preferred label: Maastrichtien @da
preferred label: Maastrichtiense @es
preferred label: Maastrichtium @de
preferred label: Maastrichtiën @nl
preferred label: Maestrichtiano @pt
preferred label: Mastrichtis @lt
preferred label: Mastrycht @pl
preferred label: maastricht @sv
preferred label: maastrichti @hu
preferred label: maastrichtiano @it
preferred label: maastrichtij @sl
preferred label: mástricht @sk
preferred label: Маѿтрихт @bg
preferred label: マーストリヒシアン期 @ja
preferred label: 马斯特里赫特期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Maastrichtian
has end: Base of Cenozoic
interval finishes: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval in: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval meets: Cenozoic Era
interval meets: Danian Age
interval meets: Paleocene Epoch
interval meets: Paleogene Period
interval met by: Campanian Age

Meghalayan Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -0.0042 Ma
comment: younger bound 0 Ma
broader: Holocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Quaternary Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.1.1.1
preferred label: Meghalayan
has beginning: Base of Meghalayan
has end: The Present
interval finishes: Holocene Epoch
interval in: Holocene Epoch
interval met by: Northgrippian Age

Mesoarchean Era
type: Era
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -3200 Ma
comment: younger bound -2800 Ma
broader: Archean Eon
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.2.2
preferred label: Meso-archaicum @nl
preferred label: Mesoarcaico @es
preferred label: Mesoarchaean
preferred label: Mesoarchaikum @de
preferred label: Mesoarchean
preferred label: Mesoarhaikum @et
preferred label: Mesoarkeikum @fi
preferred label: Mesoarkæisk @da
preferred label: Mezoarchaik @pl
preferred label: Mezoarchaikum @cs
preferred label: Mezoarchejus @lt
preferred label: Mésoarchéen @fr
preferred label: mesoarcheano @it
preferred label: mesoarkeikum @sv
preferred label: mezoarchai @hu
preferred label: mezoarchaikum @sk
preferred label: mezoarhaik @sl
preferred label: Мезоархай @bg
preferred label: 中太古代 @zh
preferred label: 中始生代 @ja
has beginning: Base of Mesoarchean
has end: Base of Neoarchean
interval during: Archean Eon
interval in: Archean Eon
interval meets: Neoarchean Era
interval met by: Paleoarchean Era

Mesoproterozoic Era
type: Era
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -1600 Ma
comment: younger bound -1000 Ma
broader: Proterozoic Eon
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Calymmian Period
narrower: Ectasian Period
narrower: Stenian Period
notation: a2.1.2
preferred label: Mesoproterosoikum @et
preferred label: Mesoproterotsoikum @fi
preferred label: Mesoproterozoic
preferred label: Mesoproterozoico @es
preferred label: Mesoproterozoikum @de
preferred label: Mesoproterozoisk @da
preferred label: Mesoproterozoïcum @nl
preferred label: Mesoproterozóico @pt
preferred label: Mezoproterozoik @pl
preferred label: Mezoproterozoikum @cs
preferred label: Mezoproterozojus @lt
preferred label: Mésoprotérozoïque @fr
preferred label: mesoproterozoico @it
preferred label: mesoproterozoikum @sv
preferred label: mezoproterozoik @sl
preferred label: mezoproterozoikum @hu
preferred label: Мезопротерозой @bg
preferred label: 中元古代 @zh
preferred label: 原生代中期 @ja
has beginning: Base of Mesoproterozoic
has end: Base of Neoproterozoic
interval contains: Ectasian Period
interval during: Proterozoic Eon
interval finished by: Stenian Period
interval in: Proterozoic Eon
interval meets: Neoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Tonian Period
interval met by: Paleoproterozoic Era
interval met by: Statherian Period
interval started by: Calymmian Period

Mesozoic Era
type: Era
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -251.902 +|-0.024 Ma
comment: younger bound -66.0 Ma
broader: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Cretaceous Period
narrower: Jurassic Period
narrower: Triassic Period
narrower transitive: Aalenian Age
narrower transitive: Albian Age
narrower transitive: Anisian Age
narrower transitive: Aptian Age
narrower transitive: Bajocian Age
narrower transitive: Barremian Age
narrower transitive: Bathonian Age
narrower transitive: Berriasian Age
narrower transitive: Callovian Age
narrower transitive: Campanian Age
narrower transitive: Carnian Age
narrower transitive: Cenomanian Age
narrower transitive: Coniacian Age
narrower transitive: Hauterivian Age
narrower transitive: Hettangian Age
narrower transitive: Induan Age
narrower transitive: Kimmeridgian Age
narrower transitive: Ladinian Age
narrower transitive: Early Cretaceous Epoch
narrower transitive: Early Jurassic Epoch
narrower transitive: Early Triassic Epoch
narrower transitive: Maastrichtian Age
narrower transitive: Middle Jurassic Epoch
narrower transitive: Middle Triassic Epoch
narrower transitive: Norian Age
narrower transitive: Olenekian Age
narrower transitive: Oxfordian Age
narrower transitive: Pliensbachian Age
narrower transitive: Rhaetian Age
narrower transitive: Santonian Age
narrower transitive: Sinemurian Age
narrower transitive: Tithonian Age
narrower transitive: Toarcian Age
narrower transitive: Turonian Age
narrower transitive: Late Cretaceous Epoch
narrower transitive: Late Jurassic Epoch
narrower transitive: Late Triassic Epoch
narrower transitive: Valanginian Age
notation: a1.1.2
preferred label: Mesosoikum @et
preferred label: Mesotsoikum @fi
preferred label: Mesozoic
preferred label: Mesozoico @es
preferred label: Mesozoikum @de
preferred label: Mesozoisk @da
preferred label: Mesozoïcum @nl
preferred label: Mesozóico @pt
preferred label: Mezozoik @pl
preferred label: Mezozoikum @cs
preferred label: Mezozojus @lt
preferred label: Mésozoïque @fr
preferred label: mesozoico @it
preferred label: mesozoikum @sv
preferred label: mezozoik @sl
preferred label: mezozoikum @hu
preferred label: Мезозой @bg
preferred label: 中生代 @ja
has beginning: Base of Mesozoic
has end: Base of Cenozoic
interval contains: Jurassic Period
interval during: Phanerozoic Eon
interval finished by: Cretaceous Period
interval in: Phanerozoic Eon
interval meets: Cenozoic Era
interval meets: Danian Age
interval meets: Paleocene Epoch
interval meets: Paleogene Period
interval met by: Changhsingian Age

Messinian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -7.246 Ma
comment: younger bound -5.333 Ma
broader: Miocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Neogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.2.2.1
preferred label: Mesinis @lt
preferred label: Messin @cs
preferred label: Messina @fi
preferred label: Messini @et
preferred label: Messinian
preferred label: Messiniano @pt
preferred label: Messinien @da
preferred label: Messiniense @es
preferred label: Messinium @de
preferred label: Messyn @pl
preferred label: Susteriën @nl
preferred label: messin @sk
preferred label: messinai @hu
preferred label: messiniano @it
preferred label: messinij @sl
preferred label: Меѿин @bg
preferred label: メッシニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 墨西拿期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Messinian
has end: Base of Pliocene
interval finishes: Miocene Epoch
interval in: Miocene Epoch
interval meets: Pliocene Epoch
interval meets: Zanclean Age
interval met by: Tortonian Age

Miaolingian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
replaces: Cambrian Series 3 Epoch
comment: older bound -509 Ma
comment: younger bound -497 Ma
alternative label: Cambrian Series 3
alternative label: Cambrien-Séries 3 @fr
alternative label: Cambrium, Zone 3 @nl
alternative label: Cámbrico-Serie 3 @es
alternative label: Câmbrico-Série 3 @pt
alternative label: Kambr-Oddział 3 @pl
alternative label: Kambras-Serija 3 @lt
alternative label: Kambri-sarja 3 @fi
alternative label: Kambrium, Ladestik 3 @et
alternative label: Kambrium-Oddělení 3 @cs
alternative label: Kambrium-Serie 3 @da
alternative label: Kambrium-serie 3 @no
alternative label: cambriano - serie 3 @it
alternative label: kambrij-serija 3 @sl
alternative label: kambrium - séria 3 @sk
alternative label: kambrium 3. sorozat @hu
alternative label: kambrium serie 3 @sv
alternative label: Камбрий - 3 ѿериѿ @bg
alternative label: 第3世 @ja
alternative label: 第三世 @zh
broader: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Drumian Age
narrower: Guzhangian Age
narrower: Wuliuan Age
notation: a1.1.3.6.2
preferred label: Miaolingian
has beginning: Base of Miaolingian
has end: Base of Furongian
interval contains: Drumian Age
interval during: Cambrian Period
interval finished by: Guzhangian Age
interval in: Cambrian Period
interval meets: Furongian Epoch
interval meets: Paibian Age
interval met by: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
interval met by: Cambrian Stage 4 Age
interval started by: Wuliuan Age

MiaolingianTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 509

Middle Devonian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -393.3 +|-1.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -382.7 +|-1.6 Ma
alternative label: デボン紀中期 @ja
alternative label: 中泥盆统 @zh
broader: Devonian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Eifelian Age
narrower: Givetian Age
notation: a1.1.3.3.2
preferred label: Devónico Medio @es
preferred label: Devónico Médio @pt
preferred label: Dévonien moyen @fr
preferred label: Kesk-Devon @et
preferred label: Keski-Devoni @fi
preferred label: Mellem Devon @da
preferred label: Midden Devoon @nl
preferred label: Middle Devonian
preferred label: Midtre devon @no
preferred label: Mitteldevon @de
preferred label: Střední devon @cs
preferred label: Vidurinis Devonas @lt
preferred label: devoniano medio @it
preferred label: középső-devon @hu
preferred label: mellersta devon @sv
preferred label: srednji devon @sl
preferred label: stredný devón @sk
preferred label: Środkowy Dewon @pl
preferred label: Среден Девон @bg
preferred label: 中期デボン紀 @ja
preferred label: 中泥盆世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Middle Devonian
has end: Base of Late Devonian
interval during: Devonian Period
interval finished by: Givetian Age
interval in: Devonian Period
interval meets: Frasnian Age
interval meets: Late Devonian Epoch
interval met by: Emsian Age
interval met by: Early Devonian Epoch
interval started by: Eifelian Age

Middle Jurassic Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -174.1 +|-1.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -163.5 +|-1.0 Ma
alternative label: ジュラ紀中期 @ja
alternative label: 中侏罗统 @zh
broader: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Aalenian Age
narrower: Bajocian Age
narrower: Bathonian Age
narrower: Callovian Age
notation: a1.1.2.2.2
preferred label: Jurassique moyen @fr
preferred label: Jurásico Medio @es
preferred label: Jurássico Médio @pt
preferred label: Kesk-Juura @et
preferred label: Keski-Jura @fi
preferred label: Mellem Jurassisk @da
preferred label: Midden Jura @nl
preferred label: Middle Jurassic
preferred label: Midtre jura @no
preferred label: Mittlerer Jura @de
preferred label: Střední jura @cs
preferred label: Vidurinė Jura @lt
preferred label: giurassico medio @it
preferred label: középső-jura @hu
preferred label: mellersta jura @sv
preferred label: srednja jura @sl
preferred label: stredná jura @sk
preferred label: Środkowa Jura @pl
preferred label: Средна Юра @bg
preferred label: 中侏罗世 @zh
preferred label: 中期ジュラ紀 @ja
has beginning: Base of Middle Jurassic
has end: Base of Late Jurassic
interval contains: Bajocian Age
interval contains: Bathonian Age
interval during: Jurassic Period
interval finished by: Callovian Age
interval in: Jurassic Period
interval meets: Oxfordian Age
interval meets: Late Jurassic Epoch
interval met by: Early Jurassic Epoch
interval met by: Toarcian Age
interval started by: Aalenian Age

Middle Mississippian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -346.7 +|-0.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -330.9 +|-0.2 Ma
alternative label: ミシシッピアン紀中期 @ja
alternative label: 中密西西比统 @zh
broader: Mississippian Sub-period
broader transitive: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Visean Age
notation: x1.1.3.2.2.2
preferred label: Middle Mississippian
preferred label: 中密西西比世 @zh
preferred label: 中期ミシシッピアン紀 @ja
has beginning: Base of Middle Mississippian
has end: Base of Late Mississippian
interval during: Mississippian Sub-period
interval equals: Visean Age
interval in: Mississippian Sub-period
interval meets: Serpukhovian Age
interval meets: Late Mississippian Epoch
interval met by: Early Mississippian Epoch
interval met by: Tournaisian Age

Middle Ordovician Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -470.0 +|-1.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -458.4 +|-0.9 Ma
alternative label: オルドビス紀中期 @ja
alternative label: 中奥陶统 @zh
broader: Ordovician Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Dapingian Age
narrower: Darriwilian Age
notation: a1.1.3.5.2
preferred label: Kesk-Ordoviitsium @et
preferred label: Keski-Ordoviikki @fi
preferred label: Mellem Ordovicium @da
preferred label: Midden Ordovicium @nl
preferred label: Middle Ordovician
preferred label: Midtre ordovicium @no
preferred label: Mittleres Ordovizium @de
preferred label: Ordovicien moyen @fr
preferred label: Ordovícico Medio @es
preferred label: Ordovícico Médio @pt
preferred label: Střední ordovik @cs
preferred label: Vidurinis Ordovikas @lt
preferred label: középső-ordovícium @hu
preferred label: mellersta ordovicium @sv
preferred label: ordoviciano medio @it
preferred label: srednji ordovicij @sl
preferred label: stredný ordovik @sk
preferred label: Środkowy Ordowik @pl
preferred label: Среден Ордовик @bg
preferred label: 中奥陶世 @zh
preferred label: 中期オルドビス紀 @ja
has beginning: Base of Middle Ordovician
has end: Base of Late Ordovician
interval during: Ordovician Period
interval finished by: Darriwilian Age
interval in: Ordovician Period
interval meets: Sandbian Age
interval meets: Late Ordovician Epoch
interval met by: Floian Age
interval met by: Early Ordovician Epoch
interval started by: Dapingian Age

Middle Pennsylvanian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -315.2 +|-0.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -307 +|-0.1 Ma
alternative label: ペンシルバニア紀中期 @ja
alternative label: 中宾夕法尼亚统 @zh
broader: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
broader transitive: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Moscovian Age
notation: x1.1.3.2.1.2
preferred label: Middle Pennsylvanian
preferred label: 中宾夕法尼亚世 @zh
preferred label: 中期ペンシルバニア紀 @ja
has beginning: Base of Middle Pennsylvanian
has end: Base of Late Pennsylvanian
interval during: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
interval equals: Moscovian Age
interval in: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
interval meets: Kasimovian Age
interval meets: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval met by: Bashkirian Age
interval met by: Early Pennsylvanian Epoch

Middle Pleistocene Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
replaces: Ion
comment: older bound -0.781 Ma
comment: younger bound -0.126 Ma
alternative label: Ion @cs
alternative label: Ionian
alternative label: Ioniano @pt
alternative label: Ionien @fr
alternative label: Ioniense @es
alternative label: Ionium @de
alternative label: Iooni @et
alternative label: ion @sv
alternative label: ioni @hu
alternative label: ioniano @it
alternative label: ionij @sl
alternative label: jonian @sk
alternative label: lonis @lt
alternative label: Йониан @bg
alternative label: “爱奥尼亚”期 @zh
alternative label: イオニアン期 @ja
broader: Pleistocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Quaternary Period
history note: Previously known as 'Ionian'
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.1.2.2
preferred label: Kesk-Pleistotseen @et
preferred label: Keski-Pleistoseeni @fi
preferred label: Mellem Pleistocæn @da
preferred label: Midden Pleistoceen/ Midden terras @nl
preferred label: Middle Pleistocene
preferred label: Midtre pleistocen @no
preferred label: Mittlere Pleistozän @de
preferred label: Pleistoceno Medio @es
preferred label: Plistocénico Médio @pt
preferred label: Pléistocène moyen @fr
preferred label: Střední pleistocén @cs
preferred label: Vidurinis Pleistocenas @lt
preferred label: középső-pleisztocén @hu
preferred label: mellersta pleistocen @sv
preferred label: pleistocene medio @it
preferred label: srednji pleistocen @sl
preferred label: stredný pleistocén @sk
preferred label: Środkowy Plejstocen @pl
preferred label: Среден Плейѿтоцен @bg
has beginning: Base of Middle Pleistocene
has end: Base of Late Pleistocene
interval during: Pleistocene Epoch
interval in: Pleistocene Epoch
interval meets: Late Pleistocene Age
interval met by: Calabrian Age

Middle Triassic Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -247.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -237 Ma
alternative label: 三畳紀中期 @ja
alternative label: 中三叠统 @zh
broader: Triassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Anisian Age
narrower: Ladinian Age
notation: a1.1.2.3.2
preferred label: Kesk-Triias @et
preferred label: Keski-Trias @fi
preferred label: Mellem Triassisk @da
preferred label: Midden Trias @nl
preferred label: Middle Triassic
preferred label: Midtre trias @no
preferred label: Mittlere Trias @de
preferred label: Střední trias @cs
preferred label: Trias moyen @fr
preferred label: Triásico Medio @es
preferred label: Triásico Médio @pt
preferred label: Vidurinis Triasas @lt
preferred label: középső-triász @hu
preferred label: mellersta trias @sv
preferred label: srednji trias @sl
preferred label: stredný trias @sk
preferred label: triassico medio @it
preferred label: Środkowy Trias @pl
preferred label: Среден Триаѿ @bg
preferred label: 中三叠世 @zh
preferred label: 中期三畳紀 @ja
has beginning: Base of Middle Triassic
has end: Base of Late Triassic
interval during: Triassic Period
interval finished by: Ladinian Age
interval in: Triassic Period
interval meets: Carnian Age
interval meets: Late Triassic Epoch
interval met by: Early Triassic Epoch
interval met by: Olenekian Age
interval started by: Anisian Age

Miocene Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -23.03 Ma
comment: younger bound -5.333 Ma
broader: Neogene Period
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Aquitanian Age
narrower: Burdigalian Age
narrower: Langhian Age
narrower: Messinian Age
narrower: Serravallian Age
narrower: Tortonian Age
notation: a1.1.1.2.2
preferred label: Mioceen @nl
preferred label: Miocen @no
preferred label: Miocenas @lt
preferred label: Miocene
preferred label: Mioceno @es
preferred label: Miocæn @da
preferred label: Miocène @fr
preferred label: Miocén @cs
preferred label: Miocénico @pt
preferred label: Mioseeni @fi
preferred label: Miotseen @et
preferred label: Miozän @de
preferred label: miocen @sl
preferred label: miocene @it
preferred label: miocén @hu
preferred label: Миоцен @bg
preferred label: 中新世 @ja
has beginning: Base of Neogene
has end: Base of Pliocene
interval contains: Burdigalian Age
interval contains: Langhian Age
interval contains: Serravallian Age
interval contains: Tortonian Age
interval finished by: Messinian Age
interval in: Neogene Period
interval meets: Pliocene Epoch
interval meets: Zanclean Age
interval met by: Chattian Age
interval met by: Oligocene Epoch
interval met by: Paleogene Period
interval started by: Aquitanian Age
interval starts: Neogene Period

Mississippian Sub-period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Sub-Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -358.9 +|-0.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -323.2 +|-0.4 Ma
broader: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Early Mississippian Epoch
narrower: Middle Mississippian Epoch
narrower: Late Mississippian Epoch
narrower transitive: Serpukhovian Age
narrower transitive: Tournaisian Age
narrower transitive: Visean Age
notation: a1.1.3.2.2
preferred label: Misisipis @lt
preferred label: Missisip @pl
preferred label: Mississip @cs
preferred label: Mississipiano @pt
preferred label: Mississippi @et
preferred label: Mississippian
preferred label: Mississippien @da
preferred label: Mississippiense @es
preferred label: Mississippium @de
preferred label: Mississippiën @nl
preferred label: mississip @sk
preferred label: mississippi @hu
preferred label: mississippiano @it
preferred label: mississippij @sl
preferred label: Миѿиѿип @bg
preferred label: ミシシッピアン紀 @ja
preferred label: 密西西比亚纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Carboniferous
has end: Base of Pennsylvanian
interval contains: Middle Mississippian Epoch
interval finished by: Late Mississippian Epoch
interval in: Carboniferous Period
interval meets: Bashkirian Age
interval meets: Early Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval meets: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
interval met by: Devonian Period
interval met by: Famennian Age
interval met by: Late Devonian Epoch
interval started by: Early Mississippian Epoch
interval starts: Carboniferous Period

Moscovian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -315.2 +|-0.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -307 +|-0.1 Ma
alternative label: Middle Pennsylvanian
broader: Middle Pennsylvanian Epoch
broader transitive: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.2.1.2
preferred label: Moscov @cs
preferred label: Moscovian
preferred label: Moscoviano @pt
preferred label: Moscovien @da
preferred label: Moscoviense @es
preferred label: Moscoviën @nl
preferred label: Moskova @fi
preferred label: Moskovis @lt
preferred label: Moskovium @de
preferred label: Moskow @pl
preferred label: Moskva @et
preferred label: moscov @sv
preferred label: moscoviano @it
preferred label: moskov @sk
preferred label: moskovij @sl
preferred label: moszkvai @hu
preferred label: Моѿков @bg
preferred label: モスコビアン期 @ja
preferred label: 莫斯科期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Middle Pennsylvanian
has end: Base of Late Pennsylvanian
interval in: Middle Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval meets: Kasimovian Age
interval meets: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval met by: Bashkirian Age
interval met by: Early Pennsylvanian Epoch

Neoarchean Era
type: Era
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -2800 Ma
comment: younger bound -2500 Ma
broader: Archean Eon
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.2.1
preferred label: Neo-archaicum @nl
preferred label: Neoarcaico @es
preferred label: Neoarchaean
preferred label: Neoarchaik @pl
preferred label: Neoarchaikum @cs
preferred label: Neoarchean
preferred label: Neoarchejus @lt
preferred label: Neoarhaikum @et
preferred label: Neoarkeikum @fi
preferred label: Neoarkæisk @da
preferred label: Néoarchéen @fr
preferred label: neoarchaikum @hu
preferred label: neoarcheano @it
preferred label: neoarhaik @sl
preferred label: neoarkeikum @sv
preferred label: пеоархай @bg
preferred label: 新太古代 @zh
preferred label: 新始生代 @ja
has beginning: Base of Neoarchean
has end: Base of Proterozoic
interval finishes: Archean Eon
interval in: Archean Eon
interval meets: Paleoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Proterozoic Eon
interval meets: Siderian Period
interval met by: Mesoarchean Era

Neogene Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -23.03 Ma
comment: younger bound -2.58 Ma
broader: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Miocene Epoch
narrower: Pliocene Epoch
narrower transitive: Aquitanian Age
narrower transitive: Burdigalian Age
narrower transitive: Langhian Age
narrower transitive: Messinian Age
narrower transitive: Piacenzian Age
narrower transitive: Serravallian Age
narrower transitive: Tortonian Age
narrower transitive: Zanclean Age
notation: a1.1.1.2
preferred label: Neogeen @et
preferred label: Neogeeni @fi
preferred label: Neogen @da
preferred label: Neogenas @lt
preferred label: Neogene
preferred label: Neogén @cs
preferred label: Neogénico @pt
preferred label: Neógeno @es
preferred label: Néogène @fr
preferred label: neogen @sl
preferred label: neogene @it
preferred label: neogén @hu
preferred label: пеоген @bg
preferred label: 新第三紀 @ja
preferred label: 晚第三纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Neogene
has end: Base of Quaternary
interval during: Cenozoic Era
interval finished by: Pliocene Epoch
interval in: Cenozoic Era
interval meets: Gelasian Age
interval meets: Pleistocene Epoch
interval meets: Quaternary Period
interval met by: Chattian Age
interval met by: Oligocene Epoch
interval met by: Paleogene Period
interval started by: Miocene Epoch

Neoproterozoic Era
type: Era
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -1000 Ma
comment: younger bound -541.0 +|-1.0 Ma
broader: Proterozoic Eon
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Cryogenian Period
narrower: Ediacaran Period
narrower: Tonian Period
notation: a2.1.1
preferred label: Neoproerozoico @es
preferred label: Neoproterosoikum @et
preferred label: Neoproterotsoikum @fi
preferred label: Neoproterozoic
preferred label: Neoproterozoik @pl
preferred label: Neoproterozoikum @cs
preferred label: Neoproterozoisk @da
preferred label: Neoproterozojus @lt
preferred label: Neoproterozoïcum @nl
preferred label: Neoproterozóico @pt
preferred label: Néoprotérozoïque @fr
preferred label: neoproterozoico @it
preferred label: neoproterozoik @sl
preferred label: neoproterozoikum @hu
preferred label: пеопротерозой @bg
preferred label: 原生代後期 @ja
preferred label: 新元古代 @zh
has beginning: Base of Neoproterozoic
has end: Base of Phanerozoic
interval contains: Cryogenian Period
interval finished by: Ediacaran Period
interval finishes: Proterozoic Eon
interval in: Proterozoic Eon
interval meets: Cambrian Period
interval meets: Fortunian Age
interval meets: Paleozoic Era
interval meets: Phanerozoic Eon
interval meets: Terreneuvian Epoch
interval met by: Mesoproterozoic Era
interval met by: Stenian Period
interval started by: Tonian Period

Norian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -227 Ma
comment: younger bound -208.5 Ma
broader: Late Triassic Epoch
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Triassic Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.3.1.2
preferred label: Nor @cs
preferred label: Nori @et
preferred label: Norian
preferred label: Noriano @pt
preferred label: Norien @da
preferred label: Noriense @es
preferred label: Noris @lt
preferred label: Norium @de
preferred label: Noriën @nl
preferred label: Noryk @pl
preferred label: nor @sv
preferred label: nori @hu
preferred label: norico @it
preferred label: norij @sl
preferred label: norik @sk
preferred label: пор @bg
preferred label: ノーリアン期 @ja
preferred label: 诺利克期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Norian
has end: Base of Rhaetian
interval during: Late Triassic Epoch
interval in: Late Triassic Epoch
interval meets: Rhaetian Age
interval met by: Carnian Age

Northgrippian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -0.0082 Ma
comment: younger bound -0.0042 Ma
broader: Holocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Quaternary Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.1.1.2
preferred label: Northgrippian
has beginning: Base of Northgrippian
has end: Base of Meghalayan
interval during: Holocene Epoch
interval in: Holocene Epoch
interval meets: Meghalayan Age
interval met by: Greenlandian Age

Olenekian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -251.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -247.2 Ma
broader: Early Triassic Epoch
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Triassic Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.3.3.1
preferred label: Olenek @cs
preferred label: Oleneki @et
preferred label: Olenekian
preferred label: Olenekiano @pt
preferred label: Olenekien @da
preferred label: Olenekiense @es
preferred label: Olenekis @lt
preferred label: Olenekium @de
preferred label: Olenekiën @nl
preferred label: Olénekien @fr
preferred label: olenek @sk
preferred label: olenekiano @it
preferred label: olenekij @sl
preferred label: olenyoki @hu
preferred label: Оленек @bg
preferred label: オレネキアン期 @ja
preferred label: 奥伦尼克期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Olenekian
has end: Base of Middle Triassic
interval finishes: Early Triassic Epoch
interval in: Early Triassic Epoch
interval meets: Anisian Age
interval meets: Middle Triassic Epoch
interval met by: Induan Age

Oligocene Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -33.9 Ma
comment: younger bound -23.03 Ma
broader: Paleogene Period
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Chattian Age
narrower: Rupelian Age
notation: a1.1.1.3.1
preferred label: Oligocen @no
preferred label: Oligocenas @lt
preferred label: Oligocene
preferred label: Oligoceno @es
preferred label: Oligocæn @da
preferred label: Oligocène @fr
preferred label: Oligocén @cs
preferred label: Oligocénico @pt
preferred label: Oligoseeni @fi
preferred label: Oligotseen @et
preferred label: Oligozän @de
preferred label: Oliogoceen @nl
preferred label: oligocen @sl
preferred label: oligocene @it
preferred label: oligocén @hu
preferred label: Олигоцен @bg
preferred label: 渐新世 @zh
preferred label: 漸新世 @ja
has beginning: Base of Oligocene
has end: Base of Neogene
interval finished by: Chattian Age
interval finishes: Paleogene Period
interval in: Paleogene Period
interval meets: Aquitanian Age
interval meets: Miocene Epoch
interval meets: Neogene Period
interval met by: Eocene Epoch
interval met by: Priabonian Age
interval started by: Rupelian Age

Ordovician Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -485.4 +|-1.9 Ma
comment: younger bound -443.8 +|-1.5 Ma
broader: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Early Ordovician Epoch
narrower: Middle Ordovician Epoch
narrower: Late Ordovician Epoch
narrower transitive: Dapingian Age
narrower transitive: Darriwilian Age
narrower transitive: Floian Age
narrower transitive: Hirnantian Age
narrower transitive: Katian Age
narrower transitive: Sandbian Age
narrower transitive: Tremadocian Age
notation: a1.1.3.5
preferred label: Ordovician
preferred label: Ordovicien @fr
preferred label: Ordovicium @da
preferred label: Ordoviikki @fi
preferred label: Ordoviitsium @et
preferred label: Ordovik @cs
preferred label: Ordovikas @lt
preferred label: Ordovizium @de
preferred label: Ordovícico @es
preferred label: Ordowik @pl
preferred label: ordoviciano @it
preferred label: ordovicij @sl
preferred label: ordovicium @sv
preferred label: ordovik @sk
preferred label: ordovícium @hu
preferred label: Ордовик @bg
preferred label: オルドビス紀 @ja
preferred label: 奥陶纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Ordovician
has end: Base of Silurian
interval contains: Middle Ordovician Epoch
interval during: Paleozoic Era
interval finished by: Late Ordovician Epoch
interval in: Paleozoic Era
interval meets: Llandovery Epoch
interval meets: Rhuddanian Age
interval meets: Silurian Period
interval met by: Cambrian Period
interval met by: Cambrian Stage 10 Age
interval met by: Furongian Epoch
interval started by: Early Ordovician Epoch

Orosirian Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -2050 Ma
comment: younger bound -1800 Ma
broader: Paleoproterozoic Era
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
broader transitive: Proterozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.1.3.2
preferred label: Orosir @cs
preferred label: Orosirian
preferred label: Orosiriano @pt
preferred label: Orosirien @da
preferred label: Orosiriense @es
preferred label: Orosiris @lt
preferred label: Orosirium @de
preferred label: Orosiriën @nl
preferred label: orosijrij @sl
preferred label: orosiri @hu
preferred label: orosiriano @it
preferred label: orosirium @sk
preferred label: Ороѿир @bg
preferred label: オロシリアン紀 @ja
preferred label: 造山纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Orosirian
has end: Base of Statherian
interval during: Paleoproterozoic Era
interval in: Paleoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Statherian Period
interval met by: Rhyacian Period

Oxfordian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -163.5 +|-1.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -157.3 +|-1.0 Ma
broader: Late Jurassic Epoch
broader transitive: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.2.1.3
preferred label: Oksford @pl
preferred label: Oksfordis @lt
preferred label: Oxford @cs
preferred label: Oxfordi @et
preferred label: Oxfordian
preferred label: Oxfordiano @pt
preferred label: Oxfordien @da
preferred label: Oxfordiense @es
preferred label: Oxfordium @de
preferred label: Oxfordiën @nl
preferred label: oxford @sk
preferred label: oxfordi @hu
preferred label: oxfordiano @it
preferred label: oxfordij @sl
preferred label: Окѿфорд @bg
preferred label: オックスフォーディアン期 @ja
preferred label: 牛津期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Jurassic
has end: Base of Kimmeridgian
interval in: Late Jurassic Epoch
interval meets: Kimmeridgian Age
interval met by: Callovian Age
interval met by: Middle Jurassic Epoch
interval starts: Late Jurassic Epoch

Paibian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -497 Ma
comment: younger bound -494 Ma
broader: Furongian Epoch
broader transitive: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.6.1.3
preferred label: Paib @cs
preferred label: Paibi @et
preferred label: Paibian
preferred label: Paibiano @pt
preferred label: Paibien @da
preferred label: Paibiense @es
preferred label: Paibis @lt
preferred label: Paibium @de
preferred label: Paibiën @nl
preferred label: paib @sv
preferred label: paibi @hu
preferred label: paibiano @it
preferred label: paibij @sl
preferred label: pajb @sk
preferred label: Паиб @bg
preferred label: パイビアン期 @ja
preferred label: 排碧期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Furongian
has end: Base of Jiangshanian
interval in: Furongian Epoch
interval meets: Jiangshanian Age
interval met by: Guzhangian Age
interval met by: Miaolingian Epoch
interval starts: Furongian Epoch

Paleoarchean Era
type: Era
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -3600 Ma
comment: younger bound -3200 Ma
broader: Archean Eon
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.2.3
preferred label: Palaeoarchaean
preferred label: Paleo-archaicum @nl
preferred label: Paleoarcaico @es
preferred label: Paleoarchaik @pl
preferred label: Paleoarchaikum @cs
preferred label: Paleoarchean
preferred label: Paleoarchejus @lt
preferred label: Paleoarhaikum @et
preferred label: Paleoarkeikum @fi
preferred label: Paläoarchaikum @de
preferred label: Palæoarkæisk @da
preferred label: Paléoarchéen @fr
preferred label: paleoarchai @hu
preferred label: paleoarchaikum @sk
preferred label: paleoarcheano @it
preferred label: paleoarhaik @sl
preferred label: paleoarkeikum @sv
preferred label: Палеоархай @bg
preferred label: 古太古代 @zh
preferred label: 古始生代 @ja
has beginning: Base of Paleoarchean
has end: Base of Mesoarchean
interval during: Archean Eon
interval in: Archean Eon
interval meets: Mesoarchean Era
interval met by: Eoarchean Era

Paleocene Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -66.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -56 Ma
broader: Paleogene Period
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Danian Age
narrower: Selandian Age
narrower: Thanetian Age
notation: a1.1.1.3.3
preferred label: Palaeocene
preferred label: Paleoceen @nl
preferred label: Paleocen @no
preferred label: Paleocenas @lt
preferred label: Paleocene
preferred label: Paleoceno @es
preferred label: Paleocæn @da
preferred label: Paleocén @cs
preferred label: Paleocénico @pt
preferred label: Paleoseeni @fi
preferred label: Paleotseen @et
preferred label: Paläozän @de
preferred label: Paléocène @fr
preferred label: paleocen @sl
preferred label: paleocene @it
preferred label: paleocén @hu
preferred label: Палеоцен @bg
preferred label: 古新世 @zh
preferred label: 暁新世 @ja
has beginning: Base of Cenozoic
has end: Base of Eocene
interval contains: Selandian Age
interval finished by: Thanetian Age
interval in: Paleogene Period
interval meets: Eocene Epoch
interval meets: Ypresian Age
interval met by: Cretaceous Period
interval met by: Maastrichtian Age
interval met by: Mesozoic Era
interval met by: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval started by: Danian Age
interval starts: Paleogene Period

Paleogene Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -66.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -23.03 Ma
broader: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Eocene Epoch
narrower: Oligocene Epoch
narrower: Paleocene Epoch
narrower transitive: Bartonian Age
narrower transitive: Chattian Age
narrower transitive: Danian Age
narrower transitive: Lutetian Age
narrower transitive: Priabonian Age
narrower transitive: Rupelian Age
narrower transitive: Selandian Age
narrower transitive: Thanetian Age
narrower transitive: Ypresian Age
notation: a1.1.1.3
preferred label: Palaeogene
preferred label: Paleogeen @et
preferred label: Paleogeeni @fi
preferred label: Paleogen @no
preferred label: Paleogenas @lt
preferred label: Paleogene
preferred label: Paleogén @cs
preferred label: Paleogénico @pt
preferred label: Paleógeno @es
preferred label: Paläogen @de
preferred label: Palæogen @da
preferred label: Paléogène @fr
preferred label: paleogen @sl
preferred label: paleogene @it
preferred label: paleogén @hu
preferred label: Палеоген @bg
preferred label: 古第三紀 @ja
preferred label: 早第三纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Cenozoic
has end: Base of Neogene
interval contains: Eocene Epoch
interval finished by: Oligocene Epoch
interval in: Cenozoic Era
interval meets: Aquitanian Age
interval meets: Miocene Epoch
interval meets: Neogene Period
interval met by: Cretaceous Period
interval met by: Maastrichtian Age
interval met by: Mesozoic Era
interval met by: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval started by: Paleocene Epoch
interval starts: Cenozoic Era

Paleoproterozoic Era
type: Era
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -2500 Ma
comment: younger bound -1600 Ma
broader: Proterozoic Eon
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Orosirian Period
narrower: Rhyacian Period
narrower: Siderian Period
narrower: Statherian Period
notation: a2.1.3
preferred label: Palaeoproterozoic
preferred label: Paleoproterosoikum @et
preferred label: Paleoproterotsoikum @fi
preferred label: Paleoproterozoic
preferred label: Paleoproterozoico @es
preferred label: Paleoproterozoik @pl
preferred label: Paleoproterozoikum @cs
preferred label: Paleoproterozojus @lt
preferred label: Paleoproterozóico @pt
preferred label: Paläoproteroizoikum @de
preferred label: Palæoproterozoisk @da
preferred label: Paléoprotérozoïque @fr
preferred label: paleoproterozikum @hu
preferred label: paleoproterozoico @it
preferred label: paleoproterozoik @sl
preferred label: paleoproterozoikum @sk
preferred label: paleoproterozoïcum @nl
preferred label: Палеопротерозой @bg
preferred label: 原生代前期 @ja
preferred label: 古元古代 @zh
has beginning: Base of Proterozoic
has end: Base of Mesoproterozoic
interval contains: Orosirian Period
interval contains: Rhyacian Period
interval finished by: Statherian Period
interval in: Proterozoic Eon
interval meets: Calymmian Period
interval meets: Mesoproterozoic Era
interval met by: Archean Eon
interval met by: Neoarchean Era
interval started by: Siderian Period
interval starts: Proterozoic Eon

Paleozoic Era
type: Era
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -541.0 +|-1.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -251.902 +|-0.024 Ma
broader: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Cambrian Period
narrower: Carboniferous Period
narrower: Devonian Period
narrower: Ordovician Period
narrower: Permian Period
narrower: Silurian Period
narrower transitive: Aeronian Age
narrower transitive: Artinskian Age
narrower transitive: Asselian Age
narrower transitive: Bashkirian Age
narrower transitive: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
narrower transitive: Cambrian Stage 10 Age
narrower transitive: Cambrian Stage 2 Age
narrower transitive: Cambrian Stage 3 Age
narrower transitive: Cambrian Stage 4 Age
narrower transitive: Capitanian Age
narrower transitive: Changhsingian Age
narrower transitive: Cisuralian Epoch
narrower transitive: Dapingian Age
narrower transitive: Darriwilian Age
narrower transitive: Drumian Age
narrower transitive: Eifelian Age
narrower transitive: Emsian Age
narrower transitive: Famennian Age
narrower transitive: Floian Age
narrower transitive: Fortunian Age
narrower transitive: Frasnian Age
narrower transitive: Furongian Epoch
narrower transitive: Givetian Age
narrower transitive: Gorstian Age
narrower transitive: Guadalupian Epoch
narrower transitive: Guzhangian Age
narrower transitive: Gzhelian Age
narrower transitive: Hirnantian Age
narrower transitive: Homerian Age
narrower transitive: Jiangshanian Age
narrower transitive: Kasimovian Age
narrower transitive: Katian Age
narrower transitive: Kungurian Age
narrower transitive: Llandovery Epoch
narrower transitive: Lochkovian Age
narrower transitive: Lopingian Epoch
narrower transitive: Early Devonian Epoch
narrower transitive: Early Mississippian Epoch
narrower transitive: Early Ordovician Epoch
narrower transitive: Early Pennsylvanian Epoch
narrower transitive: Ludfordian Age
narrower transitive: Ludlow Epoch
narrower transitive: Miaolingian Epoch
narrower transitive: Middle Devonian Epoch
narrower transitive: Middle Mississippian Epoch
narrower transitive: Middle Ordovician Epoch
narrower transitive: Middle Pennsylvanian Epoch
narrower transitive: Mississippian Sub-period
narrower transitive: Moscovian Age
narrower transitive: Paibian Age
narrower transitive: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
narrower transitive: Pragian Age
narrower transitive: Pridoli Epoch
narrower transitive: Rhuddanian Age
narrower transitive: Roadian Age
narrower transitive: Sakmarian Age
narrower transitive: Sandbian Age
narrower transitive: Serpukhovian Age
narrower transitive: Sheinwoodian Age
narrower transitive: Telychian Age
narrower transitive: Terreneuvian Epoch
narrower transitive: Tournaisian Age
narrower transitive: Tremadocian Age
narrower transitive: Late Devonian Epoch
narrower transitive: Late Mississippian Epoch

Pennsylvanian Sub-period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Sub-Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -323.2 +|-0.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -298.9 +|-0.15 Ma
broader: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Early Pennsylvanian Epoch
narrower: Middle Pennsylvanian Epoch
narrower: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
narrower transitive: Bashkirian Age
narrower transitive: Gzhelian Age
narrower transitive: Kasimovian Age
narrower transitive: Moscovian Age
notation: a1.1.3.2.1
preferred label: Pennsylvania @et
preferred label: Pennsylvanian
preferred label: Pennsylvanien @da
preferred label: Pennsylvaniense @es
preferred label: Pennsylvanium @de
preferred label: Pennsylvaniën @nl
preferred label: Pennsylván @cs
preferred label: Pensilvaniano @pt
preferred label: Pensilvanis @lt
preferred label: Pensylwan @pl
preferred label: pennsylvan @sv
preferred label: pennsylvaniai @hu
preferred label: pennsylvaniano @it
preferred label: pennsylvanij @sl
preferred label: penssylván @sk
preferred label: Пенѿилван @bg
preferred label: ペンシルバニア紀 @ja
preferred label: 宾夕法尼亚亚纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Pennsylvanian
has end: Base of Permian
interval contains: Middle Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval finished by: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval finishes: Carboniferous Period
interval in: Carboniferous Period
interval meets: Asselian Age
interval meets: Cisuralian Epoch
interval meets: Permian Period
interval met by: Mississippian Sub-period
interval met by: Serpukhovian Age
interval started by: Early Pennsylvanian Epoch

GeochronologicEras of rank "Period"
type: Collection
depth: 5
member: Calymmian Period
member: Cambrian Period
member: Carboniferous Period
member: Cretaceous Period
member: Cryogenian Period
member: Devonian Period
member: Ectasian Period
member: Ediacaran Period
member: Jurassic Period
member: Neogene Period
member: Ordovician Period
member: Orosirian Period
member: Paleogene Period
member: Permian Period
member: Quaternary Period
member: Rhyacian Period
member: Siderian Period
member: Silurian Period
member: Statherian Period
member: Stenian Period
member: Tonian Period
member: Triassic Period

Permian Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -298.9 +|-0.15 Ma
comment: younger bound -251.902 +|-0.024 Ma
broader: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Cisuralian Epoch
narrower: Guadalupian Epoch
narrower: Lopingian Epoch
narrower transitive: Artinskian Age
narrower transitive: Asselian Age
narrower transitive: Capitanian Age
narrower transitive: Changhsingian Age
narrower transitive: Kungurian Age
narrower transitive: Roadian Age
narrower transitive: Sakmarian Age
narrower transitive: Wordian Age
narrower transitive: Wuchiapingian Age
notation: a1.1.3.1
preferred label: Perm @cs
preferred label: Permas @lt
preferred label: Permi @fi
preferred label: Permian
preferred label: Permien @fr
preferred label: Pérmico @es
preferred label: perm @hu
preferred label: permiano @it
preferred label: Перм @bg
preferred label: ペルム紀 @ja
preferred label: 二叠纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Permian
has end: Base of Mesozoic
interval contains: Guadalupian Epoch
interval finished by: Lopingian Epoch
interval finishes: Paleozoic Era
interval in: Paleozoic Era
interval meets: Induan Age
interval meets: Early Triassic Epoch
interval meets: Mesozoic Era
interval meets: Triassic Period
interval met by: Carboniferous Period
interval met by: Gzhelian Age
interval met by: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
interval met by: Late Mississippian Epoch
interval met by: Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval started by: Cisuralian Epoch

Phanerozoic Eon
type: Eon
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -541.0 +|-1.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -0.0 Ma
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Cenozoic Era
narrower: Mesozoic Era
narrower: Paleozoic Era
narrower transitive: Aalenian Age
narrower transitive: Aeronian Age
narrower transitive: Albian Age
narrower transitive: Anisian Age
narrower transitive: Aptian Age
narrower transitive: Aquitanian Age
narrower transitive: Artinskian Age
narrower transitive: Asselian Age
narrower transitive: Bajocian Age
narrower transitive: Barremian Age
narrower transitive: Bartonian Age
narrower transitive: Bashkirian Age
narrower transitive: Bathonian Age
narrower transitive: Berriasian Age
narrower transitive: Burdigalian Age
narrower transitive: Calabrian Age
narrower transitive: Callovian Age
narrower transitive: Cambrian Period
narrower transitive: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
narrower transitive: Cambrian Stage 10 Age
narrower transitive: Cambrian Stage 2 Age
narrower transitive: Cambrian Stage 3 Age
narrower transitive: Cambrian Stage 4 Age
narrower transitive: Campanian Age
narrower transitive: Capitanian Age
narrower transitive: Carboniferous Period
narrower transitive: Carnian Age
narrower transitive: Cenomanian Age
narrower transitive: Changhsingian Age
narrower transitive: Chattian Age
narrower transitive: Cisuralian Epoch
narrower transitive: Coniacian Age
narrower transitive: Cretaceous Period
narrower transitive: Danian Age
narrower transitive: Dapingian Age
narrower transitive: Darriwilian Age
narrower transitive: Devonian Period
narrower transitive: Drumian Age
narrower transitive: Eifelian Age
narrower transitive: Emsian Age
narrower transitive: Eocene Epoch
narrower transitive: Famennian Age
narrower transitive: Floian Age
narrower transitive: Fortunian Age
narrower transitive: Frasnian Age
narrower transitive: Furongian Epoch
narrower transitive: Gelasian Age
narrower transitive: Givetian Age
narrower transitive: Gorstian Age
narrower transitive: Greenlandian Age
narrower transitive: Guadalupian Epoch
narrower transitive: Guzhangian Age
narrower transitive: Gzhelian Age
narrower transitive: Hauterivian Age
narrower transitive: Hettangian Age
narrower transitive: Hirnantian Age
narrower transitive: Holocene Epoch
narrower transitive: Homerian Age
narrower transitive: Induan Age
narrower transitive: Jiangshanian Age
narrower transitive: Jurassic Period
narrower transitive: Kasimovian Age
narrower transitive: Katian Age
narrower transitive: Kimmeridgian Age
narrower transitive: Kungurian Age
narrower transitive: Ladinian Age
narrower transitive: Langhian Age
narrower transitive: Llandovery Epoch
narrower transitive: Lochkovian Age

Piacenzian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -3.6 Ma
comment: younger bound -2.58 Ma
broader: Pliocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Neogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.2.1.1
preferred label: Piacenz @cs
preferred label: Piacenzi @et
preferred label: Piacenzian
preferred label: Piacenzien @da
preferred label: Piacenzium @de
preferred label: PiaĿenzis @lt
preferred label: Piecenzium @no
preferred label: Placenciano @pt
preferred label: Plazenciense @es
preferred label: Reuveriën @nl
preferred label: piacenz @sv
preferred label: piacenzai @hu
preferred label: piacenziano @it
preferred label: piacenzij @sl
preferred label: piaĿenz @sk
preferred label: Пиачен @bg
preferred label: 皮亚琴期 @zh
preferred label: ﾋﾟｱｾﾝｼﾞｱﾝ期 @ja
has beginning: Base of Piacenzian
has end: Base of Quaternary
interval finishes: Pliocene Epoch
interval in: Pliocene Epoch
interval meets: Gelasian Age
interval meets: Pleistocene Epoch
interval meets: Quaternary Period
interval met by: Zanclean Age

Pleistocene Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -2.58 Ma
comment: younger bound -0.0117 Ma
broader: Quaternary Period
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Calabrian Age
narrower: Gelasian Age
narrower: Middle Pleistocene Age
narrower: Late Pleistocene Age
notation: a1.1.1.1.2
preferred label: Pleistoceen @nl
preferred label: Pleistocen @no
preferred label: Pleistocenas @lt
preferred label: Pleistocene
preferred label: Pleistoceno @es
preferred label: Pleistocæn @da
preferred label: Pleistocén @cs
preferred label: Pleistoseeni @fi
preferred label: Pleistotseen @et
preferred label: Pleistozän @de
preferred label: Plejstocen @pl
preferred label: Plistocénico @pt
preferred label: Pléistocène @fr
preferred label: pleistocen @sl
preferred label: pleistocene @it
preferred label: pleistocén @sk
preferred label: pleisztocén @hu
preferred label: Плейѿтоцен @bg
preferred label: 更新世 @ja
has beginning: Base of Quaternary
has end: Base of Holocene
interval contains: Calabrian Age
interval contains: Middle Pleistocene Age
interval finished by: Late Pleistocene Age
interval in: Quaternary Period
interval meets: Holocene Epoch
interval met by: Neogene Period
interval met by: Piacenzian Age
interval met by: Pliocene Epoch
interval started by: Gelasian Age
interval starts: Quaternary Period

Pliensbachian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -190.8 +|-1.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -182.7 +|-0.7 Ma
broader: Early Jurassic Epoch
broader transitive: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.2.3.2
preferred label: Plienbach @fi
preferred label: Pliensbach @cs
preferred label: Pliensbachi @et
preferred label: Pliensbachian
preferred label: Pliensbachien @da
preferred label: Pliensbachiense @es
preferred label: Pliensbachium @de
preferred label: Pliensbaquiano @pt
preferred label: Pliënsbachiën @nl
preferred label: Plynsbachis @lt
preferred label: pleinsbachij @sl
preferred label: pliensbach @sk
preferred label: pliensbachi @hu
preferred label: pliensbachiano @it
preferred label: Плиинѿбах @bg
preferred label: プリンスバッキアン期 @ja
preferred label: 普连斯巴奇期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Pliensbachian
has end: Base of Toarcian
interval during: Early Jurassic Epoch
interval in: Early Jurassic Epoch
interval meets: Toarcian Age
interval met by: Sinemurian Age

Pliocene Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -5.333 Ma
comment: younger bound -2.58 Ma
broader: Neogene Period
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Piacenzian Age
narrower: Zanclean Age
notation: a1.1.1.2.1
preferred label: Plioceen @nl
preferred label: Pliocen @no
preferred label: Pliocenas @lt
preferred label: Pliocene
preferred label: Pliocæn @da
preferred label: Pliocène @fr
preferred label: Pliocén @cs
preferred label: Pliocénico @pt
preferred label: Plioseeni @fi
preferred label: Pliotseen @et
preferred label: Pliozän @de
preferred label: Ploceno @es
preferred label: pliocen @sl
preferred label: pliocene @it
preferred label: pliocén @hu
preferred label: Плиоцен @bg
preferred label: 上新世 @zh
preferred label: 鮮新世 @ja
has beginning: Base of Pliocene
has end: Base of Quaternary
interval finished by: Piacenzian Age
interval finishes: Neogene Period
interval in: Neogene Period
interval meets: Gelasian Age
interval meets: Pleistocene Epoch
interval meets: Quaternary Period
interval met by: Messinian Age
interval met by: Miocene Epoch
interval started by: Zanclean Age

Pragian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -410.8 +|-2.8 Ma
comment: younger bound -407.6 +|-2.6 Ma
broader: Early Devonian Epoch
broader transitive: Devonian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.3.3.2
preferred label: Prag @cs
preferred label: Pragian
preferred label: Pragiano @pt
preferred label: Pragien @da
preferred label: Pragis @lt
preferred label: Pragium @de
preferred label: Pragiën @nl
preferred label: Praguien @fr
preferred label: Praguiense @es
preferred label: Praha @et
preferred label: prag @sv
preferred label: pragiano @it
preferred label: pragij @sl
preferred label: prág @sk
preferred label: prágai @hu
preferred label: Праг @bg
preferred label: プラギアン期 @ja
preferred label: 布拉格期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Pragian
has end: Base of Emsian
interval during: Early Devonian Epoch
interval in: Early Devonian Epoch
interval meets: Emsian Age
interval met by: Lochkovian Age

Precambrian Supereon
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Super-Eon
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -4567 +|-1 Ma
comment: younger bound -541.0 +|-1.0 Ma
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Archean Eon
narrower: Hadean Eon
narrower: Proterozoic Eon
narrower transitive: Calymmian Period
narrower transitive: Cryogenian Period
narrower transitive: Ectasian Period
narrower transitive: Ediacaran Period
narrower transitive: Eoarchean Era
narrower transitive: Mesoarchean Era
narrower transitive: Mesoproterozoic Era
narrower transitive: Neoarchean Era
narrower transitive: Neoproterozoic Era
narrower transitive: Orosirian Period
narrower transitive: Paleoarchean Era
narrower transitive: Paleoproterozoic Era
narrower transitive: Rhyacian Period
narrower transitive: Siderian Period
narrower transitive: Statherian Period
narrower transitive: Stenian Period
narrower transitive: Tonian Period
notation: a2
preferred label: Precambrian
preferred label: Precambrium @nl
preferred label: Precámbrico @es
preferred label: Precâmbrico @pt
preferred label: Prekambr @pl
preferred label: Prekambras @lt
preferred label: Prekambri @fi
preferred label: Prekambrium @cs
preferred label: Präkambrium @de
preferred label: Prækambrium @da
preferred label: Précambrien @fr
preferred label: precambriano @it
preferred label: predkambrij @sl
preferred label: prekambrium @hu
preferred label: Прекамбрий @bg
preferred label: 先カンブリア時代 @ja
preferred label: 前寒武纪 @zh
top concept of: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
has beginning: Formation of the Earth
has end: Base of Phanerozoic
interval contains: Archean Eon
interval finished by: Proterozoic Eon
interval meets: Cambrian Period
interval meets: Fortunian Age
interval meets: Paleozoic Era
interval meets: Phanerozoic Eon
interval meets: Terreneuvian Epoch
interval started by: Hadean Eon

The Present
type: EraBoundary
type: Concept
type: Instant
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
in temporal position: PresentTime
in XSD date: 1950-01-01

PresentTime
type: TimePosition
has TRS: Millions of years ago
numeric position: 0.0

Priabonian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -37.8 Ma
comment: younger bound -33.9 Ma
broader: Eocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Paleogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.3.2.1
preferred label: Priabon @cs
preferred label: Priaboni @et
preferred label: Priabonian
preferred label: Priaboniano @pt
preferred label: Priabonien @da
preferred label: Priaboniense @es
preferred label: Priabonis @lt
preferred label: Priabonium @de
preferred label: Priaboniën @nl
preferred label: priabon @sv
preferred label: priabonai @hu
preferred label: priaboniano @it
preferred label: priabonij @sl
preferred label: priabón @sk
preferred label: Приабон @bg
preferred label: プリアボニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 普里阿邦期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Priabonian
has end: Base of Oligocene
interval finishes: Eocene Epoch
interval in: Eocene Epoch
interval meets: Oligocene Epoch
interval meets: Rupelian Age
interval met by: Bartonian Age

Pridoli Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -423 +|-2.3 Ma
comment: younger bound -419.2 +|-3.2 Ma
broader: Silurian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.4.1
preferred label: Pridoli
preferred label: Przydol @pl
preferred label: Prídoli @es
preferred label: Pržidolis @lt
preferred label: Přídolí @cs
preferred label: pridoli @hu
preferred label: pridolij @sl
preferred label: přídol @sk
preferred label: Пржидол @bg
preferred label: プリドリアン世 @ja
preferred label: 普里多利世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Pridoli
has end: Base of Devonian
interval finishes: Silurian Period
interval in: Silurian Period
interval meets: Devonian Period
interval meets: Lochkovian Age
interval meets: Early Devonian Epoch
interval met by: Ludfordian Age
interval met by: Ludlow Epoch

Proterozoic Eon
type: Eon
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -2500 Ma
comment: younger bound -541.0 +|-1.0 Ma
broader: Precambrian Supereon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Mesoproterozoic Era
narrower: Neoproterozoic Era
narrower: Paleoproterozoic Era
narrower transitive: Calymmian Period
narrower transitive: Cryogenian Period
narrower transitive: Ectasian Period
narrower transitive: Ediacaran Period
narrower transitive: Orosirian Period
narrower transitive: Rhyacian Period
narrower transitive: Siderian Period
narrower transitive: Statherian Period
narrower transitive: Stenian Period
narrower transitive: Tonian Period
notation: a2.1
preferred label: Proterosoikum @et
preferred label: Proterotsoikum @fi
preferred label: Proterozoic
preferred label: Proterozoico @es
preferred label: Proterozoik @pl
preferred label: Proterozoikum @cs
preferred label: Proterozoisk @no
preferred label: Proterozojus @lt
preferred label: Proterozoïcum @nl
preferred label: Proterozóico @pt
preferred label: Protérozoïque @fr
preferred label: proterozoico @it
preferred label: proterozoik @sl
preferred label: proterozoikum @sk
preferred label: proterozoos @hu
preferred label: Протерозой @bg
preferred label: 元古宙 @zh
preferred label: 原生代 @ja
has beginning: Base of Proterozoic
has end: Base of Phanerozoic
interval contains: Mesoproterozoic Era
interval finished by: Neoproterozoic Era
interval finishes: Precambrian Supereon
interval in: Precambrian Supereon
interval meets: Cambrian Period
interval meets: Fortunian Age
interval meets: Paleozoic Era
interval meets: Phanerozoic Eon
interval meets: Terreneuvian Epoch
interval met by: Archean Eon
interval met by: Neoarchean Era
interval started by: Paleoproterozoic Era

Quaternary Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -2.58 Ma
comment: younger bound -0.0 Ma
broader: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Holocene Epoch
narrower: Pleistocene Epoch
narrower transitive: Calabrian Age
narrower transitive: Gelasian Age
narrower transitive: Greenlandian Age
narrower transitive: Meghalayan Age
narrower transitive: Middle Pleistocene Age
narrower transitive: Northgrippian Age
narrower transitive: Late Pleistocene Age
notation: a1.1.1.1
preferred label: Cuaternario @es
preferred label: Czwartorzęd @pl
preferred label: Kvarteras @lt
preferred label: Kvartääri @fi
preferred label: Kvartær @da
preferred label: Kvartér @cs
preferred label: Kvaternaar @et
preferred label: Kwartair @nl
preferred label: Quartär @de
preferred label: Quaternaire @fr
preferred label: Quaternary
preferred label: Quaternário @pt
preferred label: kvartar @sl
preferred label: kvartär @sv
preferred label: kvartér @sk
preferred label: negyedidőszak @hu
preferred label: quaternario @it
preferred label: Кватернер @bg
preferred label: 第四紀 @ja
preferred label: 第四纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Quaternary
has end: The Present
interval finished by: Holocene Epoch
interval finishes: Cenozoic Era
interval in: Cenozoic Era
interval met by: Neogene Period
interval met by: Piacenzian Age
interval met by: Pliocene Epoch
interval started by: Pleistocene Epoch

Rhaetian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -208.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -201.3 +|-0.2 Ma
broader: Late Triassic Epoch
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Triassic Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.3.1.1
preferred label: Reciano @pt
preferred label: Retis @lt
preferred label: Retyk @pl
preferred label: Rhaet @cs
preferred label: Rhaeti @et
preferred label: Rhaetian
preferred label: Rhaetien @da
preferred label: Rhaetiën @nl
preferred label: Rhetiense @es
preferred label: Rhätium @de
preferred label: Rhétien @fr
preferred label: Ræt @no
preferred label: retico @it
preferred label: retij @sl
preferred label: rhaeti @hu
preferred label: rät @sv
preferred label: rét @sk
preferred label: Рет @bg
preferred label: レーティアン期 @ja
preferred label: 瑞替期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Rhaetian
has end: Base of Jurassic
interval finishes: Late Triassic Epoch
interval in: Late Triassic Epoch
interval meets: Hettangian Age
interval meets: Jurassic Period
interval meets: Early Jurassic Epoch
interval met by: Norian Age

Rhuddanian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -443.8 +|-1.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -440.8 +|-1.2 Ma
broader: Llandovery Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Silurian Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.4.4.3
preferred label: Rhuddan @cs
preferred label: Rhuddani @et
preferred label: Rhuddanian
preferred label: Rhuddanien @da
preferred label: Rhuddaniense @es
preferred label: Rhuddanium @de
preferred label: Rhuddaniën @nl
preferred label: Rudaniano @pt
preferred label: Rudanis @lt
preferred label: rhuddan @sk
preferred label: rhuddani @hu
preferred label: rhuddaniano @it
preferred label: rhuddanij @sl
preferred label: Рудан @bg
preferred label: ルダニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 鲁丹期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Silurian
has end: Base of Aeronian
interval in: Llandovery Epoch
interval meets: Aeronian Age
interval met by: Hirnantian Age
interval met by: Ordovician Period
interval met by: Late Ordovician Epoch
interval starts: Llandovery Epoch

Rhyacian Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -2300 Ma
comment: younger bound -2050 Ma
broader: Paleoproterozoic Era
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
broader transitive: Proterozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.1.3.3
preferred label: Rhyac @et
preferred label: Rhyacian
preferred label: Rhyacien @da
preferred label: Rhyacium @de
preferred label: Rhyaciën @nl
preferred label: Rhyak @cs
preferred label: Riaciano @pt
preferred label: Riacis @lt
preferred label: Riak @pl
preferred label: Ryaciense @es
preferred label: Ryak @fi
preferred label: Ryasium @no
preferred label: rhyaci @hu
preferred label: rhyaciano @it
preferred label: rhyacij @sl
preferred label: rhyacium @sk
preferred label: ryacium @sv
preferred label: Риац @bg
preferred label: リヤシアン紀 @ja
preferred label: 层侵纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Rhyacian
has end: Base of Orosirian
interval during: Paleoproterozoic Era
interval in: Paleoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Orosirian Period
interval met by: Siderian Period

Roadian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -272.95 +|-0.11 Ma
comment: younger bound -268.8 +|-0.5 Ma
broader: Guadalupian Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Permian Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.1.2.3
preferred label: Road @cs
preferred label: Roadi @et
preferred label: Roadian
preferred label: Roadiano @pt
preferred label: Roadien @da
preferred label: Roadiense @es
preferred label: Roadis @lt
preferred label: Roadium @de
preferred label: Roadiën @nl
preferred label: road @sk
preferred label: roadi @hu
preferred label: roadiano @it
preferred label: roadij @sl
preferred label: Роад @bg
preferred label: ローディアン期 @ja
preferred label: 罗德期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Guadalupian
has end: Base of Wordian
interval in: Guadalupian Epoch
interval meets: Wordian Age
interval met by: Capitanian Age
interval met by: Cisuralian Epoch
interval met by: Kungurian Age
interval starts: Guadalupian Epoch

Rupelian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -33.9 Ma
comment: younger bound -28.1 Ma
broader: Oligocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Paleogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.3.1.2
preferred label: Rupel @cs
preferred label: Rupeli @et
preferred label: Rupelian
preferred label: Rupeliano @pt
preferred label: Rupelien @da
preferred label: Rupeliense @es
preferred label: Rupelis @lt
preferred label: Rupelium @de
preferred label: Rupeliën @nl
preferred label: Rupélien @fr
preferred label: rupel @sk
preferred label: rupeli @hu
preferred label: rupeliano @it
preferred label: rupelij @sl
preferred label: Рупел @bg
preferred label: ルペル期 @ja
preferred label: 鲁珀利期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Oligocene
has end: Base of Chattian
interval in: Oligocene Epoch
interval meets: Chattian Age
interval met by: Eocene Epoch
interval met by: Priabonian Age
interval starts: Oligocene Epoch

Sakmarian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -295.0 +|-0.18 Ma
comment: younger bound -290.1 +|-0.26 Ma
broader: Cisuralian Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Permian Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.1.3.3
preferred label: Sakmar @cs
preferred label: Sakmaria @et
preferred label: Sakmarian
preferred label: Sakmariano @pt
preferred label: Sakmarien @da
preferred label: Sakmariense @es
preferred label: Sakmaris @lt
preferred label: Sakmarium @de
preferred label: Sakmariën @nl
preferred label: Samarkium @no
preferred label: sakmar @sk
preferred label: sakmariano @it
preferred label: sakmarij @sl
preferred label: szakmarai @hu
preferred label: Сакмар @bg
preferred label: サクマリアン期 @ja
preferred label: 萨克马尔期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Sakmarian
has end: Base of Artinskian
interval during: Cisuralian Epoch
interval in: Cisuralian Epoch
interval meets: Artinskian Age
interval met by: Asselian Age

Sandbian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -458.4 +|-0.9 Ma
comment: younger bound -453.0 +|-0.7 Ma
broader: Late Ordovician Epoch
broader transitive: Ordovician Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.5.1.3
preferred label: Sandb @fi
preferred label: Sandbi @et
preferred label: Sandbian
preferred label: Sandbiano @pt
preferred label: Sandbien @da
preferred label: Sandbiense @es
preferred label: Sandbis @lt
preferred label: Sandbium @de
preferred label: Sandbiën @nl
preferred label: Sandby @cs
preferred label: Sandbyium @no
preferred label: sandb @sk
preferred label: sandbi @hu
preferred label: sandbiano @it
preferred label: sandbij @sl
preferred label: sandby @sv
preferred label: Сандб @bg
preferred label: サンドビアン期 @ja
preferred label: 桑比期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Ordovician
has end: Base of Katian
interval in: Late Ordovician Epoch
interval meets: Katian Age
interval met by: Darriwilian Age
interval met by: Middle Ordovician Epoch
interval starts: Late Ordovician Epoch

Santonian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -86.3 +|-0.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -83.6 +|-0.2 Ma
broader: Late Cretaceous Epoch
broader transitive: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.1.1.3
preferred label: Santon @cs
preferred label: Santoni @et
preferred label: Santonian
preferred label: Santoniano @pt
preferred label: Santonien @da
preferred label: Santoniense @es
preferred label: Santonis @lt
preferred label: Santonium @de
preferred label: Santoniën @nl
preferred label: santon @sv
preferred label: santoni @hu
preferred label: santoniano @it
preferred label: santonij @sl
preferred label: santón @sk
preferred label: Сантон @bg
preferred label: サントニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 桑托期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Santonian
has end: Base of Campanian
interval during: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval in: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval meets: Campanian Age
interval met by: Coniacian Age

Selandian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -61.6 Ma
comment: younger bound -59.2 Ma
broader: Paleocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Paleogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.3.3.2
preferred label: Seland @cs
preferred label: Selandi @et
preferred label: Selandian
preferred label: Selandiano @pt
preferred label: Selandien @da
preferred label: Selandiense @es
preferred label: Selandis @lt
preferred label: Selandium @de
preferred label: Selandiën @nl
preferred label: Sélandien @fr
preferred label: Zeland @pl
preferred label: seland @sk
preferred label: selandi @hu
preferred label: selandiano @it
preferred label: selandij @sl
preferred label: Селанд @bg
preferred label: セランディアン期 @ja
preferred label: 塞兰特期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Selandian
has end: Base of Thanetian
interval during: Paleocene Epoch
interval in: Paleocene Epoch
interval meets: Thanetian Age
interval met by: Danian Age

Serpukhovian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -330.9 +|-0.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -323.2 +|-0.4 Ma
alternative label: Late Mississippian
broader: Late Mississippian Epoch
broader transitive: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Mississippian Sub-period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.2.2.1
preferred label: Serpuchovis @lt
preferred label: Serpuchow @pl
preferred label: Serpuhhovi @et
preferred label: Serpukhov @cs
preferred label: Serpukhovian
preferred label: Serpukhovien @da
preferred label: Serpukhovium @de
preferred label: Serpukhoviën @nl
preferred label: Serpukoviano @pt
preferred label: Serpukovium @no
preferred label: Serpulkhoviense @es
preferred label: serpuchov @sk
preferred label: serpukhov @sv
preferred label: serpukhoviano @it
preferred label: serpukhovij @sl
preferred label: szerpuhovi @hu
preferred label: Серпухов @bg
preferred label: サプコビアン期 @ja
preferred label: 谢尔普霍夫期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Mississippian
has end: Base of Pennsylvanian
interval in: Late Mississippian Epoch
interval meets: Bashkirian Age
interval meets: Early Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval meets: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
interval met by: Middle Mississippian Epoch
interval met by: Visean Age
interval starts: Late Mississippian Epoch

Serravallian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -13.82 Ma
comment: younger bound -11.63 Ma
broader: Miocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Neogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.2.2.3
preferred label: Seravalis @lt
preferred label: Serraval @cs
preferred label: Serravaliano @pt
preferred label: Serravall @fi
preferred label: Serravalli @et
preferred label: Serravallian
preferred label: Serravallien @da
preferred label: Serravalliense @es
preferred label: Serravallium @de
preferred label: Serravalliën - Langeveld @nl
preferred label: Serrawal @pl
preferred label: Servallium @no
preferred label: serravaliano @it
preferred label: serravall @sk
preferred label: serravallei @hu
preferred label: serravallij @sl
preferred label: Саравал @bg
preferred label: サーラバリアン期 @ja
preferred label: 塞拉瓦尔期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Serravallian
has end: Base of Tortonian
interval during: Miocene Epoch
interval in: Miocene Epoch
interval meets: Tortonian Age
interval met by: Langhian Age

Sheinwoodian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -433.4 +|-0.8 Ma
comment: younger bound -430.5 +|-0.7 Ma
broader: Wenlock Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Silurian Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.4.3.2
preferred label: Sheinwood @cs
preferred label: Sheinwoodi @et
preferred label: Sheinwoodian
preferred label: Sheinwoodiano @pt
preferred label: Sheinwoodien @da
preferred label: Sheinwoodiense @es
preferred label: Sheinwoodium @de
preferred label: Sheinwoodiën @nl
preferred label: sheinwodij @sl
preferred label: sheinwood @sk
preferred label: sheinwoodi @hu
preferred label: sheinwoodiano @it
preferred label: Šeinvudis @lt
preferred label: Шейнуд @bg
preferred label: シェインウッディアン期 @ja
preferred label: 申伍德期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Wenlock
has end: Base of Homerian
interval in: Wenlock Epoch
interval meets: Homerian Age
interval met by: Llandovery Epoch
interval met by: Telychian Age
interval starts: Wenlock Epoch

Siderian Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -2500 Ma
comment: younger bound -2300 Ma
broader: Paleoproterozoic Era
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
broader transitive: Proterozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.1.3.4
preferred label: Sider @cs
preferred label: Siderian
preferred label: Sideriano @pt
preferred label: Siderien @da
preferred label: Sideriense @es
preferred label: Sideris @lt
preferred label: Siderium @de
preferred label: Sideriën @nl
preferred label: Sidérien @fr
preferred label: sideri @hu
preferred label: sideriano @it
preferred label: siderij @sl
preferred label: siderium @sk
preferred label: Сидер @bg
preferred label: シデリアン紀 @ja
preferred label: 成铁纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Proterozoic
has end: Base of Rhyacian
interval in: Paleoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Rhyacian Period
interval met by: Archean Eon
interval met by: Neoarchean Era
interval starts: Paleoproterozoic Era

Silurian Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -443.8 +|-1.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -419.2 +|-3.2 Ma
broader: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
definition: The Silurian is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Ordovician Period, about 443.7 ± 1.5 million years ago (mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, about 416.0 ± 2.8 mya. As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the exact dates are uncertain by several million years. The Base of the Silurian is set at a major extinction event when 60% of marine species were wiped out.
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Llandovery Epoch
narrower: Ludlow Epoch
narrower: Pridoli Epoch
narrower: Wenlock Epoch
narrower transitive: Aeronian Age
narrower transitive: Gorstian Age
narrower transitive: Homerian Age
narrower transitive: Ludfordian Age
narrower transitive: Rhuddanian Age
narrower transitive: Sheinwoodian Age
narrower transitive: Telychian Age
notation: a1.1.3.4
preferred label: Silur @cs
preferred label: Silurian
preferred label: Silurien @fr
preferred label: Siluur @nl
preferred label: Siluuri @fi
preferred label: Silúrcio @es
preferred label: Silúrico @pt
preferred label: Silūras @lt
preferred label: Sylur @pl
preferred label: silur @sl
preferred label: siluriano @it
preferred label: silúr @sk
preferred label: szilur @hu
preferred label: Силур @bg
preferred label: シルル紀 @ja
preferred label: 志留纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Silurian
has end: Base of Devonian
interval contains: Ludlow Epoch
interval contains: Wenlock Epoch
interval during: Paleozoic Era
interval finished by: Pridoli Epoch
interval in: Paleozoic Era
interval meets: Devonian Period
interval meets: Lochkovian Age
interval meets: Early Devonian Epoch
interval met by: Hirnantian Age
interval met by: Ordovician Period
interval met by: Late Ordovician Epoch
interval started by: Llandovery Epoch

Sinemurian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -199.3 +|-0.3 Ma
comment: younger bound -190.8 +|-1.0 Ma
broader: Early Jurassic Epoch
broader transitive: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.2.3.3
preferred label: Sinemiūris @lt
preferred label: Sinemur @cs
preferred label: Sinemuri @et
preferred label: Sinemurian
preferred label: Sinemuriano @pt
preferred label: Sinemurien @da
preferred label: Sinemuriense @es
preferred label: Sinemuriën @nl
preferred label: Sinémurien @fr
preferred label: Sinémurium @de
preferred label: Synemur @pl
preferred label: sinemur @sv
preferred label: sinemuri @hu
preferred label: sinemuriano @it
preferred label: sinemurij @sl
preferred label: sinemúr @sk
preferred label: Синемур @bg
preferred label: シネムール期 @ja
preferred label: 辛涅穆尔期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Sinemurian
has end: Base of Pliensbachian
interval during: Early Jurassic Epoch
interval in: Early Jurassic Epoch
interval meets: Pliensbachian Age
interval met by: Hettangian Age

Statherian Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -1800 Ma
comment: younger bound -1600 Ma
broader: Paleoproterozoic Era
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
broader transitive: Proterozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.1.3.1
preferred label: Stater @pl
preferred label: Stateriano @pt
preferred label: Stateris @lt
preferred label: Staterium @no
preferred label: Stather @cs
preferred label: Statherian
preferred label: Statherien @da
preferred label: Statheriense @es
preferred label: Statherium @de
preferred label: Statheriën @nl
preferred label: Stathérien @fr
preferred label: staterium @sk
preferred label: statheri @hu
preferred label: statheriano @it
preferred label: statherij @sl
preferred label: Статер @bg
preferred label: スタテリアン紀 @ja
preferred label: 固结纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Statherian
has end: Base of Mesoproterozoic
interval finishes: Paleoproterozoic Era
interval in: Paleoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Calymmian Period
interval meets: Mesoproterozoic Era
interval met by: Orosirian Period

Stenian Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -1200 Ma
comment: younger bound -1000 Ma
broader: Mesoproterozoic Era
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
broader transitive: Proterozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.1.2.1
preferred label: Esteniense @es
preferred label: Sten @cs
preferred label: Stenian
preferred label: Steniano @pt
preferred label: Stenien @da
preferred label: Stenis @lt
preferred label: Stenium @de
preferred label: Steniën @nl
preferred label: Sténien @fr
preferred label: steni @hu
preferred label: steniano @it
preferred label: stenij @sl
preferred label: stenium @sk
preferred label: Стен @bg
preferred label: ステニアン紀 @ja
preferred label: 狭带纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Stenian
has end: Base of Neoproterozoic
interval finishes: Mesoproterozoic Era
interval in: Mesoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Neoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Tonian Period
interval met by: Ectasian Period

Stratigraphic points
type: Concept
comment: This skos:Concept is included to spoof the Research Vocabularies Australia UI, which wants to show all top concepts.
definition: Stratigraphic points providing stratotypes of boundaries in the chronostratigraphic chart (unspecified)
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Aeronian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Albian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Aptian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Artinskian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Bajocian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Barremian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Bartonian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Bathonian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Burdigalian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Calabrian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Callovian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 3
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 10
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 2
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 4
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Campanian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Capitanian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Carboniferous
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Cenozoic
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Changhsingian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Chattian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Coniaician
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Cretaceous
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Cryogenian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Darriwilian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Devonian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Drumian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Ediacaran
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Emsian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Eocene
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Famennian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Floian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Furongian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Givetian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Guadalupian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Guzhangian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Gzhelian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Hauterivian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Hirnantian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Holocene
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Homerian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Jiangshanian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Jurassic
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Katian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Kimmeridgian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Kungurian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Ladinian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Langhian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Lopingian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Ludfordian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Ludlow
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Lutetian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Maastrichtian
narrower: Auxiliary Stratotype Point Base of Meghalayan
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Meghalayan
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Mesozoic
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Messinian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Miaolingian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Devonian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Jurassic
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Mississippian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Ordovician
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Pennsylvanian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Triassic
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Neogene
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Norian
narrower: Auxiliary Stratotype Point Base of Northgrippian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Northgrippian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Olenekian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Oligocene
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Ordovician
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Pennsylvanian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Permian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Phanerozoic
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Piacenzian
narrower: Stratotype Point Base of Pliensbachian

Stratotypes of boundaries in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart
type: Collection
member: Stratotype Point Base of Aeronian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Albian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Aptian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Artinskian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Bajocian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Barremian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Bartonian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Bathonian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Burdigalian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Calabrian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Callovian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 3
member: Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 10
member: Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 2
member: Stratotype Point Base of Cambrian Stage 4
member: Stratotype Point Base of Campanian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Capitanian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Carboniferous
member: Stratotype Point Base of Cenozoic
member: Stratotype Point Base of Changhsingian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Chattian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Coniaician
member: Stratotype Point Base of Cretaceous
member: Stratotype Point Base of Cryogenian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Darriwilian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Devonian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Drumian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Ediacaran
member: Stratotype Point Base of Emsian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Eocene
member: Stratotype Point Base of Famennian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Floian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Furongian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Givetian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Guadalupian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Guzhangian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Gzhelian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Hauterivian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Hirnantian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Holocene
member: Stratotype Point Base of Homerian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Jiangshanian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Jurassic
member: Stratotype Point Base of Katian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Kimmeridgian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Kungurian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Ladinian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Langhian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Lopingian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Ludfordian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Ludlow
member: Stratotype Point Base of Lutetian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Maastrichtian
member: Auxiliary Stratotype Point Base of Meghalayan
member: Stratotype Point Base of Meghalayan
member: Stratotype Point Base of Mesozoic
member: Stratotype Point Base of Messinian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Miaolingian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Devonian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Jurassic
member: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Mississippian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Ordovician
member: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Pennsylvanian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Middle Triassic
member: Stratotype Point Base of Neogene
member: Stratotype Point Base of Norian
member: Auxiliary Stratotype Point Base of Northgrippian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Northgrippian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Olenekian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Oligocene
member: Stratotype Point Base of Ordovician
member: Stratotype Point Base of Pennsylvanian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Permian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Phanerozoic
member: Stratotype Point Base of Piacenzian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Pliensbachian
member: Stratotype Point Base of Pliocene
member: Stratotype Point Base of Pragian

GeochronologicEras of rank "Sub-Period"
type: Collection
member: Mississippian Sub-period
member: Pennsylvanian Sub-period

GeochronologicEras of rank "Super-Eon"
type: Collection
depth: 2
member: Precambrian Supereon

Telychian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -438.5 +|-1.1 Ma
comment: younger bound -433.4 +|-0.8 Ma
broader: Llandovery Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Silurian Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.4.4.1
preferred label: Telych @cs
preferred label: Telychi @et
preferred label: Telychian
preferred label: Telychiano @pt
preferred label: Telychien @da
preferred label: Telychiense @es
preferred label: Telychium @de
preferred label: Telychiën @nl
preferred label: TelyĿis @lt
preferred label: Télychien @fr
preferred label: telych @sk
preferred label: telychi @hu
preferred label: telychiano @it
preferred label: telychij @sl
preferred label: Телич @bg
preferred label: テリチアン期 @ja
preferred label: 特列奇期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Telychian
has end: Base of Wenlock
interval finishes: Llandovery Epoch
interval in: Llandovery Epoch
interval meets: Sheinwoodian Age
interval meets: Wenlock Epoch
interval met by: Aeronian Age

Terreneuvian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -541.0 +|-1.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -521 Ma
broader: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Cambrian Stage 2 Age
narrower: Fortunian Age
notation: a1.1.3.6.4
preferred label: Terenew @pl
preferred label: Tereniuvis @lt
preferred label: Terreneuv @cs
preferred label: Terreneuvi @et
preferred label: Terreneuvian
preferred label: Terreneuviano @pt
preferred label: Terreneuvien @da
preferred label: Terreneuviense @es
preferred label: Terreneuvium @de
preferred label: Terreneuviën @nl
preferred label: terreneuv @sk
preferred label: terreneuvi @hu
preferred label: terreneuviano @it
preferred label: terreneuvij @sl
preferred label: Теренеув @bg
preferred label: テレニュービアン世 @ja
preferred label: 纽芬兰世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Phanerozoic
has end: Base of Cambrian Series 2
interval finished by: Cambrian Stage 2 Age
interval in: Cambrian Period
interval meets: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
interval meets: Cambrian Stage 3 Age
interval met by: Ediacaran Period
interval met by: Neoproterozoic Era
interval met by: Precambrian Supereon
interval met by: Proterozoic Eon
interval started by: Fortunian Age
interval starts: Cambrian Period

Thanetian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -59.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -56 Ma
broader: Paleocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Paleogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.3.3.1
preferred label: Tanet @pl
preferred label: Tanetiano @pt
preferred label: Tanetis @lt
preferred label: Thanet @cs
preferred label: Thaneti @et
preferred label: Thanetian
preferred label: Thanetien @da
preferred label: Thanetiense @es
preferred label: Thanetium @de
preferred label: Thanetiën @nl
preferred label: Thanétien @fr
preferred label: tanet @sk
preferred label: thanet @sv
preferred label: thaneti @hu
preferred label: thanetiano @it
preferred label: thanetij @sl
preferred label: Танет @bg
preferred label: サネティアン期 @ja
preferred label: 塔内提期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Thanetian
has end: Base of Eocene
interval finishes: Paleocene Epoch
interval in: Paleocene Epoch
interval meets: Eocene Epoch
interval meets: Ypresian Age
interval met by: Selandian Age

Tithonian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -152.1 +|-0.9 Ma
comment: younger bound -145.0 Ma
broader: Late Jurassic Epoch
broader transitive: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.2.1.1
preferred label: Tithon @cs
preferred label: Tithoni @et
preferred label: Tithonian
preferred label: Tithonien @da
preferred label: Tithoniense @es
preferred label: Tithonium @de
preferred label: Tithoniën @nl
preferred label: Titoniano @pt
preferred label: Titonis @lt
preferred label: Tyton @pl
preferred label: tithon @hu
preferred label: tithonij @sl
preferred label: titoniano @it
preferred label: titón @sk
preferred label: Титон @bg
preferred label: チトニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 提通期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Tithonian
has end: Base of Cretaceous
interval finishes: Late Jurassic Epoch
interval in: Late Jurassic Epoch
interval meets: Berriasian Age
interval meets: Cretaceous Period
interval meets: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval met by: Kimmeridgian Age

Toarcian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -182.7 +|-0.7 Ma
comment: younger bound -174.1 +|-1.0 Ma
broader: Early Jurassic Epoch
broader transitive: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.2.3.1
preferred label: Toarc @fi
preferred label: Toarci @et
preferred label: Toarcian
preferred label: Toarciano @pt
preferred label: Toarcien @da
preferred label: Toarciense @es
preferred label: Toarcium @de
preferred label: Toarciën @nl
preferred label: Toaris @lt
preferred label: Toark @cs
preferred label: toarc @sv
preferred label: toarci @hu
preferred label: toarciano @it
preferred label: toarcij @sl
preferred label: toark @sk
preferred label: Тоар @bg
preferred label: トアルシアン期 @ja
preferred label: 托阿尔期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Toarcian
has end: Base of Middle Jurassic
interval finishes: Early Jurassic Epoch
interval in: Early Jurassic Epoch
interval meets: Aalenian Age
interval meets: Middle Jurassic Epoch
interval met by: Pliensbachian Age

Tonian Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -1000 Ma
comment: younger bound -720 Ma
broader: Neoproterozoic Era
broader transitive: Precambrian Supereon
broader transitive: Proterozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a2.1.1.3
preferred label: Ton @cs
preferred label: Tonian
preferred label: Toniano @pt
preferred label: Tonien @da
preferred label: Toniense @es
preferred label: Tonis @lt
preferred label: Tonium @de
preferred label: Toniën @nl
preferred label: toni @hu
preferred label: toniano @it
preferred label: tonij @sl
preferred label: tonium @sk
preferred label: Тон @bg
preferred label: トニアン紀 @ja
preferred label: 拉伸纪 @zh
has beginning: Base of Neoproterozoic
has end: Base of Cryogenian
interval in: Neoproterozoic Era
interval meets: Cryogenian Period
interval met by: Mesoproterozoic Era
interval met by: Stenian Period
interval starts: Neoproterozoic Era

Tortonian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -11.63 Ma
comment: younger bound -7.246 Ma
broader: Miocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Neogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.2.2.2
preferred label: Torton @cs
preferred label: Tortoni @et
preferred label: Tortonian
preferred label: Tortoniano @pt
preferred label: Tortonien @da
preferred label: Tortoniense @es
preferred label: Tortonis @lt
preferred label: Tortonium @de
preferred label: Tortoniën - Linne @nl
preferred label: toroniano @it
preferred label: torton @sv
preferred label: tortonai @hu
preferred label: tortonij @sl
preferred label: tortón @sk
preferred label: Тортон @bg
preferred label: トートニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 托尔顿期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Tortonian
has end: Base of Messinian
interval during: Miocene Epoch
interval in: Miocene Epoch
interval meets: Messinian Age
interval met by: Serravallian Age

Tournaisian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -358.9 +|-0.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -346.7 +|-0.4 Ma
alternative label: Early Mississippian
broader: Early Mississippian Epoch
broader transitive: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Mississippian Sub-period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.2.2.3
preferred label: Tournai @cs
preferred label: Tournais @et
preferred label: Tournaisian
preferred label: Tournaisien @da
preferred label: Tournaisiense @es
preferred label: Tournaisium @de
preferred label: Tournaisiën @nl
preferred label: Tournasium @no
preferred label: Turnaisiano @pt
preferred label: Turnej @pl
preferred label: Turnėjis @lt
preferred label: tournaisi @hu
preferred label: tournaisij @sl
preferred label: tournas @sv
preferred label: tournasiano @it
preferred label: turnén @sk
preferred label: Турней @bg
preferred label: トルネージアン期 @ja
preferred label: 杜内期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Carboniferous
has end: Base of Middle Mississippian
interval in: Early Mississippian Epoch
interval meets: Middle Mississippian Epoch
interval meets: Visean Age
interval met by: Devonian Period
interval met by: Famennian Age
interval met by: Late Devonian Epoch

Tremadocian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -485.4 +|-1.9 Ma
comment: younger bound -477.7 +|-1.4 Ma
broader: Early Ordovician Epoch
broader transitive: Ordovician Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.5.3.2
preferred label: Tremadoc @fi
preferred label: Tremadoci @et
preferred label: Tremadocian
preferred label: Tremadociano @pt
preferred label: Tremadocien @da
preferred label: Tremadociense @es
preferred label: Tremadocium @de
preferred label: Tremadociën @nl
preferred label: Tremadok @cs
preferred label: Tremadokis @lt
preferred label: Trémadocien @fr
preferred label: tremadoc @sv
preferred label: tremadoci @hu
preferred label: tremadociano @it
preferred label: tremadocij @sl
preferred label: tremadok @sk
preferred label: Тремадок @bg
preferred label: トレマドキアン期 @ja
preferred label: 特马豆克期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Ordovician
has end: Base of Floian
interval in: Early Ordovician Epoch
interval meets: Floian Age
interval met by: Cambrian Period
interval met by: Cambrian Stage 10 Age
interval met by: Furongian Epoch
interval starts: Early Ordovician Epoch

Triassic Period
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Period
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -251.902 +|-0.024 Ma
comment: younger bound -201.3 +|-0.2 Ma
broader: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Early Triassic Epoch
narrower: Middle Triassic Epoch
narrower: Late Triassic Epoch
narrower transitive: Anisian Age
narrower transitive: Carnian Age
narrower transitive: Induan Age
narrower transitive: Ladinian Age
narrower transitive: Norian Age
narrower transitive: Olenekian Age
narrower transitive: Rhaetian Age
notation: a1.1.2.3
preferred label: Trias @cs
preferred label: Triasas @lt
preferred label: Triassic
preferred label: Triassisk @da
preferred label: Triias @et
preferred label: Triásico @es
preferred label: trias @sk
preferred label: triassico @it
preferred label: triász @hu
preferred label: Триаѿ @bg
preferred label: 三叠纪 @zh
preferred label: 三畳紀 @ja
has beginning: Base of Mesozoic
has end: Base of Jurassic
interval contains: Middle Triassic Epoch
interval finished by: Late Triassic Epoch
interval in: Mesozoic Era
interval meets: Hettangian Age
interval meets: Jurassic Period
interval meets: Early Jurassic Epoch
interval met by: Changhsingian Age
interval met by: Lopingian Epoch
interval met by: Paleozoic Era
interval met by: Permian Period
interval started by: Early Triassic Epoch
interval starts: Mesozoic Era

Turonian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -93.9 Ma
comment: younger bound -89.8 +|-0.3 Ma
broader: Late Cretaceous Epoch
broader transitive: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.1.1.5
preferred label: Tuironiën @nl
preferred label: Turon @cs
preferred label: Turoni @et
preferred label: Turonian
preferred label: Turoniano @pt
preferred label: Turonien @da
preferred label: Turoniense @es
preferred label: Turonis @lt
preferred label: Turonium @de
preferred label: turon @hu
preferred label: turoniano @it
preferred label: turonij @sl
preferred label: turón @sk
preferred label: Турон @bg
preferred label: チュロニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 土仑期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Turonian
has end: Base of Coniacian
interval during: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval in: Late Cretaceous Epoch
interval meets: Coniacian Age
interval met by: Cenomanian Age

Late Cretaceous Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -100.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -66.0 Ma
alternative label: Cretáceo Superior @pt
alternative label: Cretácico Superior @es
alternative label: Crétacé supérieur @fr
alternative label: Upper Cretaceous
alternative label: cretacico superiore @it
broader: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Campanian Age
narrower: Cenomanian Age
narrower: Coniacian Age
narrower: Maastrichtian Age
narrower: Santonian Age
narrower: Turonian Age
notation: a1.1.2.1.1
preferred label: Hilis-Kriit @et
preferred label: Laat Krijt @nl
preferred label: Late Cretaceous
preferred label: Myöhäis-Liitu @fi
preferred label: Pozdní křída @cs
preferred label: Późna Kreda @pl
preferred label: Sen Kridt @da
preferred label: Sen kritt @no
preferred label: Späte Kreide @de
preferred label: Vėlyva kreida @lt
preferred label: késő-kréta @hu
preferred label: mladšia krieda @sk
preferred label: pozna kreda @sl
preferred label: yngre krita @sv
preferred label: Къѿна Креда @bg
preferred label: 後期白亜紀 @ja
preferred label: 晚白垩世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Cretaceous
has end: Base of Cenozoic
interval contains: Campanian Age
interval contains: Coniacian Age
interval contains: Santonian Age
interval contains: Turonian Age
interval finished by: Maastrichtian Age
interval finishes: Cretaceous Period
interval in: Cretaceous Period
interval meets: Cenozoic Era
interval meets: Danian Age
interval meets: Paleocene Epoch
interval meets: Paleogene Period
interval met by: Albian Age
interval met by: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval started by: Cenomanian Age

Late Devonian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -382.7 +|-1.6 Ma
comment: younger bound -358.9 +|-0.4 Ma
alternative label: Devónico Superior @es
alternative label: Dévonien supérieur @fr
alternative label: Upper Devonian
alternative label: devoniano superiore @it
broader: Devonian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Famennian Age
narrower: Frasnian Age
notation: a1.1.3.3.1
preferred label: Hilis-Devon @et
preferred label: Laat Devoon @nl
preferred label: Late Devonian
preferred label: Myöhäis-Devoni @fi
preferred label: Późny Dewon @pl
preferred label: Sen Devon @da
preferred label: Sen devon @no
preferred label: Spätes Devon @de
preferred label: Svrchní devon @cs
preferred label: Vėlyvasis Devonas @lt
preferred label: késő-devon @hu
preferred label: mladší devón @sk
preferred label: pozni devon @sl
preferred label: yngre devon @sv
preferred label: Къѿен Девон @bg
preferred label: 後期デボン紀 @ja
preferred label: 晚泥盆世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Devonian
has end: Base of Carboniferous
interval finished by: Famennian Age
interval finishes: Devonian Period
interval in: Devonian Period
interval meets: Carboniferous Period
interval meets: Early Mississippian Epoch
interval meets: Mississippian Sub-period
interval meets: Tournaisian Age
interval met by: Givetian Age
interval met by: Middle Devonian Epoch
interval started by: Frasnian Age

Late Jurassic Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -163.5 +|-1.0 Ma
comment: younger bound -145.0 Ma
alternative label: Jurassique supérieur @fr
alternative label: Jurásico Superior @es
alternative label: Jurássico Superior @pt
alternative label: Upper Jurassic
alternative label: giurassico superiore @it
broader: Jurassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Kimmeridgian Age
narrower: Oxfordian Age
narrower: Tithonian Age
notation: a1.1.2.2.1
preferred label: Hilis-Juura @et
preferred label: Laat Jura @nl
preferred label: Late Jurassic
preferred label: Myöhäis-Jura @fi
preferred label: Pozdní jura @cs
preferred label: Późna Jura @pl
preferred label: Sen Jurassisk @da
preferred label: Sen jura @no
preferred label: Später Jura @de
preferred label: Vėlyvoji Jura @lt
preferred label: késő-jura @hu
preferred label: mladšia jura @sk
preferred label: pozna jura @sl
preferred label: yngre jura @sv
preferred label: Къѿна Юра @bg
preferred label: 後期ジュラ紀 @ja
preferred label: 晚侏罗世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Jurassic
has end: Base of Cretaceous
interval contains: Kimmeridgian Age
interval finished by: Tithonian Age
interval finishes: Jurassic Period
interval in: Jurassic Period
interval meets: Berriasian Age
interval meets: Cretaceous Period
interval meets: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval met by: Callovian Age
interval met by: Middle Jurassic Epoch
interval started by: Oxfordian Age

Late Mississippian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -330.9 +|-0.2 Ma
comment: younger bound -298.9 +|-0.15 Ma
alternative label: Upper Mississippian
alternative label: ミシシッピアン紀後期 @ja
alternative label: 上密西西比统 @zh
broader: Mississippian Sub-period
broader transitive: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Serpukhovian Age
notation: x1.1.3.2.2.1
preferred label: Late Mississippian
preferred label: 後期ミシシッピアン紀 @ja
preferred label: 晚密西西比世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Mississippian
has end: Base of Pennsylvanian
interval during: Mississippian Sub-period
interval equals: Serpukhovian Age
interval in: Mississippian Sub-period
interval meets: Bashkirian Age
interval meets: Early Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval meets: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
interval met by: Middle Mississippian Epoch
interval met by: Visean Age

Late Ordovician Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -458.4 +|-0.9 Ma
comment: younger bound -443.8 +|-1.5 Ma
alternative label: Ordovicien supérieur @fr
alternative label: Ordovícico Superior @es
alternative label: Upper Ordovician
alternative label: ordoviciano superiore @it
broader: Ordovician Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Hirnantian Age
narrower: Katian Age
narrower: Sandbian Age
notation: a1.1.3.5.1
preferred label: Hilis-Ordoviitsium @et
preferred label: Laat Ordovicium @nl
preferred label: Late Ordovician
preferred label: Myöhäis-Ordoviikki @fi
preferred label: Pozdní ordovik @cs
preferred label: Późny Ordowik @pl
preferred label: Sen Ordovicium @da
preferred label: Sen ordovicium @no
preferred label: Spätes Ordovizium @de
preferred label: Vėlyvasis Ordovikas @lt
preferred label: késő-ordovícium @hu
preferred label: mladší ordovik @sk
preferred label: starejši ordovicij @sl
preferred label: yngre ordovicium @sv
preferred label: Къѿен Ордовик @bg
preferred label: 後期オルドビス紀 @ja
preferred label: 晚奥陶世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Ordovician
has end: Base of Silurian
interval contains: Katian Age
interval finished by: Hirnantian Age
interval finishes: Ordovician Period
interval in: Ordovician Period
interval meets: Llandovery Epoch
interval meets: Rhuddanian Age
interval meets: Silurian Period
interval met by: Darriwilian Age
interval met by: Middle Ordovician Epoch
interval started by: Sandbian Age

Late Pennsylvanian Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -307 +|-0.1 Ma
comment: younger bound -298.9 +|-0.15 Ma
alternative label: Pennsylvanien supérieur @fr
alternative label: Pennsylvaniense Superior @es
alternative label: Pensilvaniano Superior @pt
alternative label: Upper Pennsylvanian
alternative label: pennsylvaniano superiore @it
broader: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
broader transitive: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Gzhelian Age
narrower: Kasimovian Age
notation: x1.1.3.2.1.1
preferred label: Hilis-Pennsylvania @et
preferred label: Laat Pennsylvaniën @nl
preferred label: Late Pennsylvanian
preferred label: Myöhäis-Pennsylvania @fi
preferred label: Pozdní pennsylván @cs
preferred label: Późny Pensylwan @pl
preferred label: Sen Pennsylvanien @da
preferred label: Sen pennsylvanium @no
preferred label: Spätes Pennsylvanium @de
preferred label: Vėlyvasis Pensilvanis @lt
preferred label: késő-pennsylvaniai @hu
preferred label: mladší penssylván @sk
preferred label: pozni pennsylvanij @sl
preferred label: yngre pennsylvan @sv
preferred label: Къѿен Пенѿилван @bg
preferred label: 後期ペンシルバニア紀 @ja
preferred label: 晚宾夕法尼亚世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Pennsylvanian
has end: Base of Permian
interval finished by: Gzhelian Age
interval finishes: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
interval in: Pennsylvanian Sub-period
interval meets: Asselian Age
interval meets: Cisuralian Epoch
interval meets: Permian Period
interval met by: Middle Pennsylvanian Epoch
interval met by: Moscovian Age
interval started by: Kasimovian Age

Late Pleistocene Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -0.126 Ma
comment: younger bound -0.0117 Ma
alternative label: Pleistoceno Superior @es
alternative label: Plistocénico Superior @pt
alternative label: Pléistocène supérieur @fr
alternative label: Upper Pleistocene
alternative label: pleistocene superiore @it
broader: Pleistocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
broader transitive: Quaternary Period
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.1.2.1
preferred label: Apatinis Pleistocenas @lt
preferred label: Hiline pleistotseen @et
preferred label: Laat Pleistoceen @nl
preferred label: Late Pleistocene
preferred label: Myöhäis-Pleistoseeni @fi
preferred label: Pozdní pleistocén @cs
preferred label: Późny Plejstocen @pl
preferred label: Sen Pleistocæn @da
preferred label: Spätes Pleistozän @de
preferred label: Yngre pleistocen @no
preferred label: késő pleisztocén @hu
preferred label: mladší pleistocén @sk
preferred label: pozni pleistocen @sl
preferred label: yngre pleistocen @sv
preferred label: Къѿен плейѿтоцен @bg
preferred label: 後期更新世 @ja
preferred label: 晚更新世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Pleistocene
has end: Base of Holocene
interval finishes: Pleistocene Epoch
interval in: Pleistocene Epoch
interval meets: Holocene Epoch
interval met by: Middle Pleistocene Age

Late Triassic Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -237 Ma
comment: younger bound -201.3 +|-0.2 Ma
alternative label: Trias supérieur @fr
alternative label: Triásico Superior @es
alternative label: Triássico Superior @pt
alternative label: Upper Triassic
alternative label: triassico superiore @it
broader: Triassic Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Carnian Age
narrower: Norian Age
narrower: Rhaetian Age
notation: a1.1.2.3.1
preferred label: Hilis-Triias @et
preferred label: Laat Trias @nl
preferred label: Late Triassic
preferred label: Myöhäis-Trias @fi
preferred label: Pozdní trias @cs
preferred label: Późny Trias @pl
preferred label: Sen Triassisk @da
preferred label: Sen trias @no
preferred label: Späte Trias @de
preferred label: Vėlyvasis Triasas @lt
preferred label: késő-triász @hu
preferred label: mladší trias @sk
preferred label: pozni trias @sl
preferred label: yngre trias @sv
preferred label: Къѿен Триаѿ @bg
preferred label: 後期三畳紀 @ja
preferred label: 晚三叠世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Late Triassic
has end: Base of Jurassic
interval contains: Norian Age
interval finished by: Rhaetian Age
interval finishes: Triassic Period
interval in: Triassic Period
interval meets: Hettangian Age
interval meets: Jurassic Period
interval meets: Early Jurassic Epoch
interval met by: Ladinian Age
interval met by: Middle Triassic Epoch
interval started by: Carnian Age

Valanginian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -139.8 Ma
comment: younger bound -132.9 Ma
broader: Early Cretaceous Epoch
broader transitive: Cretaceous Period
broader transitive: Mesozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.2.1.2.5
preferred label: Valangin @cs
preferred label: Valangini @et
preferred label: Valanginian
preferred label: Valanginiano @pt
preferred label: Valanginien @da
preferred label: Valanginiense @es
preferred label: Valanginium @de
preferred label: Valendis @lt
preferred label: Vanlangiën @nl
preferred label: Walanżyn @pl
preferred label: valangin @sv
preferred label: valangini @hu
preferred label: valanginiano @it
preferred label: valanginij @sl
preferred label: valanžin @sk
preferred label: Валанжин @bg
preferred label: バランギニアン期 @ja
preferred label: 凡兰吟期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Valanginian
has end: Base of Hauterivian
interval during: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval in: Early Cretaceous Epoch
interval meets: Hauterivian Age
interval met by: Berriasian Age

Visean Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -346.7 +|-0.4 Ma
comment: younger bound -330.9 +|-0.2 Ma
alternative label: Middle Mississippian
broader: Middle Mississippian Epoch
broader transitive: Carboniferous Period
broader transitive: Mississippian Sub-period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.2.2.2
preferred label: Vis @fi
preferred label: Vise @et
preferred label: Vise-iën @nl
preferred label: Visean
preferred label: Viseano @pt
preferred label: Viseen @da
preferred label: Viseense @es
preferred label: Viseium @no
preferred label: Viseum @de
preferred label: Visé @cs
preferred label: Viséen @fr
preferred label: Vizejis @lt
preferred label: Wizen @pl
preferred label: vis @sv
preferred label: viseano @it
preferred label: viseij @sl
preferred label: viséi @hu
preferred label: visén @sk
preferred label: Визей @bg
preferred label: ビゼアン期 @ja
preferred label: 韦宪期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Middle Mississippian
has end: Base of Late Mississippian
interval in: Middle Mississippian Epoch
interval meets: Serpukhovian Age
interval meets: Late Mississippian Epoch
interval met by: Early Mississippian Epoch
interval met by: Tournaisian Age

Wenlock Epoch
type: Epoch
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -433.4 +|-0.8 Ma
comment: younger bound -427.4 +|-0.5 Ma
broader: Silurian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
narrower: Homerian Age
narrower: Sheinwoodian Age
notation: a1.1.3.4.3
preferred label: Uenlokis @lt
preferred label: Welnlock @no
preferred label: Wenlock
preferred label: Wenlok @pl
preferred label: wenlock @sk
preferred label: wenlocki @hu
preferred label: wenlockiano @it
preferred label: wenlockij @sl
preferred label: Венлок @bg
preferred label: ウェンロッキアン世 @ja
preferred label: 温洛克世 @zh
has beginning: Base of Wenlock
has end: Base of Ludlow
interval during: Silurian Period
interval finished by: Homerian Age
interval in: Silurian Period
interval meets: Gorstian Age
interval meets: Ludlow Epoch
interval met by: Llandovery Epoch
interval met by: Telychian Age
interval started by: Sheinwoodian Age

Wordian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -268.8 +|-0.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -265.1 +|-0.4 Ma
broader: Guadalupian Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Permian Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.1.2.2
preferred label: Vordis @lt
preferred label: Word @cs
preferred label: Wordi @et
preferred label: Wordian
preferred label: Wordiano @pt
preferred label: Wordien @da
preferred label: Wordiense @es
preferred label: Wordium @de
preferred label: Wordiën @nl
preferred label: word @sk
preferred label: wordi @hu
preferred label: wordiano @it
preferred label: wordij @sl
preferred label: Уорд @bg
preferred label: ワーディアン期 @ja
preferred label: 沃德期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Wordian
has end: Base of Capitanian
interval during: Guadalupian Epoch
interval in: Guadalupian Epoch
interval meets: Capitanian Age
interval met by: Roadian Age

Wuchiapingian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -259.1 +|-0.5 Ma
comment: younger bound -254.14 +|-0.07 Ma
broader: Lopingian Epoch
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Permian Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.1.1.2
preferred label: VuĿiapingis @lt
preferred label: Wuchiaiping @fi
preferred label: Wuchianpingum @no
preferred label: Wuchiaping @cs
preferred label: Wuchiapingi @et
preferred label: Wuchiapingian
preferred label: Wuchiapingiano @pt
preferred label: Wuchiapingien @da
preferred label: Wuchiapingiense @es
preferred label: Wuchiapingium @de
preferred label: Wuchiapingiën @nl
preferred label: wuchiaping @sv
preferred label: wuchiapingi @hu
preferred label: wuchiapingiano @it
preferred label: wuchiapingij @sl
preferred label: wuťiapching @sk
preferred label: Вучиапинг @bg
preferred label: ウキアピンギアン期 @ja
preferred label: 吴家坪期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Lopingian
has end: Base of Changhsingian
interval in: Lopingian Epoch
interval meets: Changhsingian Age
interval met by: Capitanian Age
interval met by: Guadalupian Epoch
interval starts: Lopingian Epoch

Wuliuan Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
replaces: Cambrian Stage 5 Age
comment: older bound -509 Ma
comment: younger bound -504.5 Ma
alternative label: Cambrian-Stage 5
alternative label: Cambrien-Etage 5 @fr
alternative label: Cambrium, Zone 5 @nl
alternative label: Cambrium-etasje 5 @no
alternative label: Cámbrico-Piso 5 @es
alternative label: Câmbrico-Piso 5 @pt
alternative label: Kambr-Piętro 5 @pl
alternative label: Kambras-Aukštas 5 @lt
alternative label: Kambri-vaihe 5 @fi
alternative label: Kambrium, Lade 5 @et
alternative label: Kambrium-Etage 5 @da
alternative label: Kambrium-Stufe 5 @de
alternative label: Kambrium-Stupeň 5 @cs
alternative label: cambriano-stage 5 @it
alternative label: kambrij-stopnja 5 @sl
alternative label: kambrium etage 5 @sv
alternative label: kambrium-stupeň 5 @sk
alternative label: kambriumi-5. szakasz @hu
alternative label: Камбрий-5 етаж @bg
alternative label: 第5期 @ja
alternative label: 第五期 @zh
broader: Miaolingian Epoch
broader transitive: Cambrian Period
broader transitive: Paleozoic Era
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.3.6.2.3
preferred label: Wuliuan
has beginning: Base of Miaolingian
has end: Base of Drumian
interval in: Miaolingian Epoch
interval meets: Drumian Age
interval met by: Cambrian Series 2 Epoch
interval met by: Cambrian Stage 4 Age
interval starts: Miaolingian Epoch

Ypresian Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -56 Ma
comment: younger bound -47.8 Ma
broader: Eocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Paleogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.3.2.4
preferred label: Ipr @pl
preferred label: Ipresiano @pt
preferred label: Ypersium @de
preferred label: Ypres @cs
preferred label: Ypresi @et
preferred label: Ypresian
preferred label: Ypresien @da
preferred label: Ypresiense @es
preferred label: Ypresiën @nl
preferred label: Ypris @lt
preferred label: Yprésien @fr
preferred label: ypres @sk
preferred label: ypresi @hu
preferred label: ypresiano @it
preferred label: ypresij @sl
preferred label: Ипреѿ @bg
preferred label: イプレシアン期 @ja
preferred label: 伊普雷斯期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Eocene
has end: Base of Lutetian
interval in: Eocene Epoch
interval meets: Lutetian Age
interval met by: Paleocene Epoch
interval met by: Thanetian Age
interval starts: Eocene Epoch

Zanclean Age
type: Age
type: GeochronologicEra
type: Concept
type: ProperInterval
comment: older bound -5.333 Ma
comment: younger bound -3.6 Ma
broader: Pliocene Epoch
broader transitive: Cenozoic Era
broader transitive: Neogene Period
broader transitive: Phanerozoic Eon
in scheme: Geologic Time Scale (2018)
notation: a1.1.1.2.1.2
preferred label: Brunssummiën @nl
preferred label: Zancl @cs
preferred label: Zanclayense @es
preferred label: Zancle @et
preferred label: Zanclean
preferred label: Zancleano @pt
preferred label: Zancleium @no
preferred label: Zanclien @da
preferred label: Zanclium @de
preferred label: Zancléen @fr
preferred label: Zankl @pl
preferred label: Zanklis @lt
preferred label: zancl @sv
preferred label: zanclai @hu
preferred label: zanclean @sk
preferred label: zancleano @it
preferred label: zanclij @sl
preferred label: Занклѿки @bg
preferred label: ザンクレアン期 @ja
preferred label: 赞克勒期 @zh
has beginning: Base of Pliocene
has end: Base of Piacenzian
interval in: Pliocene Epoch
interval meets: Piacenzian Age
interval met by: Messinian Age
interval met by: Miocene Epoch
interval starts: Pliocene Epoch

Geologic Time Scale (2018)
type: Dataset
type: GeologicTimescale
type: Ontology
type: ConceptScheme
type: TRS
contributor: Chinese and Japanese preferred labels from SKOS by Xiaogang Ma, adopted from Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences.
contributor: International Commission on Stratigraphy
contributor: OneGeology Europe preferred labels merged in by S.M. Richard.
contributor: S M Richard
created: 2017-03-31
creator: Simon J D COX, CSIRO
description: RDF representation of the Geologic Time Scale, as defined in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICC) from the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). The ICC embraces both chronostratigraphic (time-rock) units and their equivalent geochronologic (geologic-time) units, the former being related to the ‘Stratigraphic points’ referred to below, and the latter (geochronologic units) being employed in this RDF representation.
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
modified: 2019-06-10
replaces: isc2018
rights: Original version Copyright © 2018 International Commission on Stratigraphy
rights: RDF version Copyright © 2019 CSIRO, Arizona Geological Survey, IUGS
rights: This Ontology is made available under the Open Data Commons Attribution License: http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0
source: Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L. & Fan, J.-X. (2013; updated) The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes 36: 199-204.
source: International Chronostratigraphic Chart 2018
subject: Geologic time scale
preferred namespace prefix: isc
preferred namespace uri: Geologic Timescale Elements in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart
data dump: isc2018-1.ttl
example resource: Base of Ordovician
example resource: Stratotype Point Base of Ordovician
example resource: BaseOrdovicianTime
example resource: Ordovician Period
feature: RDF XML
feature: Turtle
root resource: Geologic Timescale Elements in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart
uri space: Geologic Timescale Elements in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart
vocabulary: gts
vocabulary: rank
vocabulary: thors
component: Phanerozoic Eon
component: Precambrian Supereon
reference point: Base of Aeronian
reference point: Base of Albian
reference point: Base of Aptian
reference point: Base of Archean
reference point: Base of Artinskian
reference point: Base of Bajocian
reference point: Base of Barremian
reference point: Base of Bartonian
reference point: Base of Bathonian
reference point: Base of Burdigalian
reference point: Base of Calabrian
reference point: Base of Callovian
reference point: Base of Cambrian Series 2
reference point: Base of Cambrian Stage 10
reference point: Base of Cambrian Stage 2
reference point: Base of Cambrian Stage 4
reference point: Base of Campanian
reference point: Base of Capitanian
reference point: Base of Carboniferous
reference point: Base of Cenozoic
reference point: Base of Changhsingian
reference point: Base of Chattian
reference point: Base of Coniacian
reference point: Base of Cretaceous
reference point: Base of Cryogenian
reference point: Base of Darriwillian
reference point: Base of Devonian
reference point: Base of Drumian
reference point: Base of Ectasian
reference point: Base of Ediacaran
reference point: Base of Emsian
reference point: Base of Eocene
reference point: Base of Famennian
reference point: Base of Floian
reference point: Base of Furongian
reference point: Base of Givetian
reference point: Base of Guadalupian
reference point: Base of Guzhangian
reference point: Base of Gzhelian
reference point: Base of Hauterivian
reference point: Base of Hirnantian
reference point: Base of Holocene