This symposium presented recent progress of the pathogenesis and treatment of 
lung cancer. Aberrantly increased expression of miR-21 plays a significant role 
in lung carcinogenesis and is a potential therapeutic target in both epidermal 
growth factor receptor-mutant and wild-type cases. miR-34 may be necessary for 
the radiation-induced DNA damage response. Detailed expression profiling 
analyses of transcriptome have potential to provide increased understanding of 
the molecular biology of lung cancer. An embryonic signature is present in lung 
adenocarcinoma only, associated with a worse clinical outcome. Cytoplasmic 
expression of caveolin and membranous expression of CD26 are specific to 
mesothelioma. Nectin-4 is a new candidate for serum and tissue biomarker as well 
as a therapeutic target for lung cancer. Clinical presentations have provided us 
a great deal information on epidermal growth factor receptor mutations for 
personalized therapy, combination therapy with inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase 
activity of epidermal growth factor receptor and cytotoxic agents, 
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity, and current management of 
lung cancer depending on both the extent of the disease and the treatment 
approach.