Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of infectious death in 
the world. Immune dysregulation during acute lung infection plays a role in lung 
injury and the systemic inflammatory response. Cytokines seem to be major 
players in severe lung infection cases. Here, we present a review of published 
papers in the last 3 years regarding this topic. The cytokine response during 
pneumonia is different in bacterial vs viral infections; some of these cytokines 
correlate with clinical severity scales such as CURB65 or SOFA. Treatment 
focused in the cytokine environment is an interesting area that could impact the 
prognosis of CAP. Some of the agents that have been studied as co-adjuvant 
therapy are corticosteroids, macrolides, and linezolid, but anyone of those have 
shown a clear or proven efficacy or have been recommended as a part of the 
standard of care for CAP. More studies designed to define the role of 
immunomodulatory agents, such as co-adjuvant therapy in pneumonia, are needed.