Fanconi's anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder with a high incidence 
(greater than 90%) of aplastic anemia and a premalignant component with a 
greater than 10% risk of leukemia or solid tumors. The diagnosis of Fanconi's 
anemia depends on increased chromosomal breakage in lymphocytes following 
treatment with a DNA cross-linking agent; patients have been identified who are 
clinically well and whose physical appearance is normal. Although bone marrow or 
cord blood transplants can be curative, treatment for the aplastic anemia 
usually depends on androgens. Close to 20 patients with Fanconi's anemia have 
delivered normal babies, and the mothers' hematologic status was not 
significantly adversely affected by the pregnancy. A few patients have clonal 
cytogenetic abnormalities in their bone marrow that do not necessarily indicate 
leukemic transformation, but further follow-up is important. Studies of in vitro 
erythropoiesis indicate a correlation between the clinical hematologic status 
and the presence of erythroid progenitors in the blood or bone marrow. Certain 
hematopoietic growth factors do increase growth in vitro, suggesting that new 
types of therapy may become available. Not every patient has a poor prognosis. 
There are now many adults with Fanconi's anemia, some with families of their 
own.