Myelin sheaths in the vertebrate nervous system enable faster impulse 
propagation, while myelinating glia provide vital support to axons. Once 
considered a static insulator, converging evidence now suggests that myelin in 
the central nervous system can be dynamically regulated by neuronal activity and 
continues to participate in nervous system plasticity beyond development. While 
the link between experience and myelination gains increased recognition, it is 
still unclear what role such adaptive myelination plays in facilitating and 
shaping behaviour. Additionally, fundamental mechanisms and principles 
underlying myelin remodelling remain poorly understood. In this review, we will 
discuss new insights into the link between myelin plasticity and behaviour, as 
well as mechanistic aspects of myelin remodelling that may help to elucidate 
this intriguing process.