Conflict of interest statement: M. Metz reports receiving honoraria as a speaker 
and/or consultant for Amgen, Aralez, argenx, Moxie, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, 
Shire and Uriach. G.S. reports serving as a principal investigator for 
Genentech, Novartis, CSL Behring, Shire, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, DBV Technologies, 
Aimmune Therapeutics, Greencross, Kedrion, ALK-Abelló, Stallergenes, LEO Pharma, 
Amgen, BioCryst, Regeneron and Cliantha; serving on advisory boards for 
Novartis, CSL Behring, Shire, Sanofi, Aralez, Pediapharm and AstraZeneca; 
serving as a speaker for Novartis, Sanofi, Aralez, Pediapharm, Genentech and 
AstraZeneca; receiving personal fees from Novartis, CSL Behring, Shire, Sanofi, 
Aralez, Pediapharm and AstraZeneca. T.T. reports receiving funding from 
Genentech to his institution for the conduct of this study. W.H.Y. reports 
receiving speakers’ fees from Novartis, Merck, CSL Behring, Takeda (Shire) and 
AstraZeneca; serving on advisory boards for Novartis, Takeda (Shire), CSL 
Behring, Sanofi, BioCryst and Merck; and receiving research grants from 
Novartis, Takeda (Shire), CSL Behring, BioCryst, AstraZeneca, Regeneron, Sanofi, 
Genentech, Glenmark, AnaptysBio, Dermira, Galderma, ALK, DBV Technologies, 
Aimmune Therapeutics, Colgene and Pharming. J.J.L., H.J.C., J.G., L.W.C., T.C., 
T.B., D.J.H. and T.T.L. are current or former employees of Genentech, a member 
of the Roche group, at the time this work was performed and own/owned Roche 
stock and/or options. L.W.C. is currently an employee of Principia Biopharma and 
owns Principia Biopharma stock and/or options. D.J.H. owns Principia Biopharma 
stock. T.T.L. is currently an employee of DiCE Molecules. M. Maurer is or 
recently was a speaker and/or advisor for and/or has received research funding 
from Allakos, Amgen, Aralez, AstraZeneca, Celldex, Centogene, CSL Behring, FAES, 
Genentech, GI Innovation, Innate Pharma, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, Lilly, 
Menarini, Moxie, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi/Regeneron, Third 
Harmonic Bio, UCB and Uriach. R.G. and P.S. declare no competing interests.