Opioid use and overdose rates have risen to epidemic levels in the United States 
during the past decade. Fortunately, there are effective medications (ie, 
methadone, buprenorphine, and oral and injectable naltrexone) available for the 
treatment of opioid addiction. Each of these medications is approved for use in 
conjunction with psychosocial treatment; however, there is a dearth of empirical 
research on the optimal psychosocial interventions to use with these 
medications. In this systematic review, we outline and discuss the findings of 3 
prominent prior reviews and 27 recent publications of empirical studies on this 
topic. The most widely studied psychosocial interventions examined in 
conjunction with medications for opioid addiction were contingency management 
and cognitive behavioral therapy, with the majority focusing on methadone 
treatment. The results generally support the efficacy of providing psychosocial 
interventions in combination with medications to treat opioid addictions, 
although the incremental utility varied across studies, outcomes, medications, 
and interventions. The review highlights significant gaps in the literature and 
provides areas for future research. Given the enormity of the current opioid 
problem in the United States, it is critical to gain a better understanding of 
the most effective ways to deliver psychosocial treatments in conjunction with 
these medications to improve the health and well-being of individuals suffering 
from opioid addiction.