The world's population aging progression renders age-related neurodegenerative 
diseases to be one of the biggest unsolved problems of modern society. Despite 
the progress in studying the development of pathology, finding ways for 
modifying neurodegenerative disorders remains a high priority. One common 
feature of neurodegenerative diseases is mitochondrial dysfunction and 
overproduction of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress. 
Although lipid peroxidation is one of the markers for oxidative stress, it also 
plays an important role in cell physiology, including activation of 
phospholipases and stimulation of signaling cascades. Excessive lipid 
peroxidation is a hallmark for most neurodegenerative disorders including 
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and 
many other neurological conditions. The products of lipid peroxidation have been 
shown to be the trigger for necrotic, apoptotic, and more specifically for 
oxidative stress-related, that is, ferroptosis and neuronal cell death. Here we 
discuss the involvement of lipid peroxidation in the mechanism of neuronal loss 
and some novel therapeutic directions to oppose it.