Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that has become the 
fourth leading cause of death in the developed countries. The disorder is 
characterized by pancreatic β-cells dysfunction, which causes hyperglycaemia 
leading to several other complications. Treatment by far, which focuses on 
insulin administration and glycaemic control, has not been satisfactory. 
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) is an endogenous peptide that stimulates 
post-prandial insulin secretion. Despite being able to mimic the effect of 
insulin, GLP1 has not been the target drug in diabetes treatment due to the 
peptide's metabolic instability. After a decade-long effort to improve the 
pharmacokinetics of GLP1, a number of GLP1 analogues are currently available on 
the market. The current Minireview does not discuss these drugs but presents 
strategies that were undertaken to address the weaknesses of the native GLP1, 
particularly drug delivery techniques used in developing GLP1 nanoparticles and 
modified GLP1 molecule. The article highlights how each of the selected 
preparations has improved the efficacy of GLP1, and more importantly, through an 
overview of these studies, it will provide an insight into strategies that may 
be adopted in the future in the development of a more effective oral GLP1 
formulation.