Polyphenols are found in plant-derived foods and beverages and display numerous 
protective effects against cancers, cardiovascular, metabolic and 
neurodegenerative diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), microparticles, 
exosomes, and apoptotic bodies, originated by different cell types are emerging 
as a novel mean of cell-to-cell communication in physiology and pathology and 
represent a new way to convey fundamental information between cells. Polyphenols 
can act on signaling pathways that interfere with the biogenesis of EVs. Thus, 
they are able to control EV release from cells and their content and therefore 
their functional properties. Both EVs and polyphenols are therapeutic tools that 
can be used against several diseases. In this context, the combination of both 
tools can increase their therapeutic potential. Three types of strategies can be 
used: (i) plants are able to produce EVs that encapsulate natural components 
from vegetables, polyphenols for instance, (ii) mammalian cells can be treated 
with polyphenols and the subsequent EVs produced are enriched in these 
components, and (iii) EVs from mammalian cells can be uploaded with polyphenols. 
We review the novel aspects of the interplay between polyphenols and EVs that 
could trigger and improve the health benefits in cancer, cardiovascular, 
metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.