ACCORDING TO THE EJECTION FRACTION, PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE MAY BE DIVIDED 
INTO TWO DIFFERENT GROUPS: heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection 
fraction. In recent years, accumulating studies showed that increased mortality 
and morbidity rates of these two groups are nearly equal. More importantly, 
despite decline in mortality after treatment in regard to current guideline in 
patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, there are still no 
trials resulting in improved outcome in patients with heart failure with 
preserved ejection fraction so far. Thus, novel pathophysiological mechanisms 
are under development, and other new viewpoints, such as multiple comorbidities 
resulting in increased non-cardiac deaths in patients with heart failure and 
preserved ejection fraction, were presented recently. In this review, we will 
focus on the tested as well as the promising therapeutic options that are 
currently studied in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection 
fraction, along with a brief discussion of pathophysiological mechanisms and 
diagnostic options that are helpful to increase our understanding of novel 
therapeutic strategies.