Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a fetal congenital malformation, affecting 
mainly the limbs, but also the craniofacial area and internal organs. Two mains 
pathogenic mechanisms are proposed in its genesis. Firstly the early amnion 
rupture (exogenous theory) leading to fibrous bands, which wrap up the fetal 
body; secondly, the endogenous theory privileges vascular origin, mesoblastic 
strings not being a causal agent. The authors believe that the second theory 
explain the occurrence of ABS. The outcome of the disease during pregnancy 
depends on the gravity of the malformations. Interruption of the pregnancy is 
usually proposed when diagnosis of severe craniofacial and visceral 
abnormalities is confirmed. Whereas minor limb defects can be repaired with 
postnatal surgery. In case of an isolated amniotic band with a constricted limb, 
in utero lysis of the band can be considered to avoid a natural amputation. In 
an African country, such treatment is not possible as far as the antenatal 
diagnosis.