With the advantages of high throughput, digital control, and highly accurate 
placement of cells and biomaterial scaffold to the desired 2D and 3D locations, 
bioprinting has great potential to develop promising approaches in translational 
medicine and organ replacement. The most recent advances in organ and tissue 
bioprinting based on the thermal inkjet printing technology are described in 
this review. Bioprinting has no or little side effect to the printed mammalian 
cells and it can conveniently combine with gene transfection or drug delivery to 
the ejected living systems during the precise placement for tissue construction. 
With layer-by-layer assembly, 3D tissues with complex structures can be printed 
using scanned CT or MRI images. Vascular or nerve systems can be enabled 
simultaneously during the organ construction with digital control. Therefore, 
bioprinting is the only solution to solve this critical issue in thick and 
complex tissues fabrication with vascular system. Collectively, bioprinting 
based on thermal inkjet has great potential and broad applications in tissue 
engineering and regenerative medicine. This review article introduces some 
important patents related to bioprinting of living systems and the applications 
of bioprinting in tissue engineering field.