Ameloblastoma is the second most common benign epithelial odontogenic tumor and 
though it is of a benign nature, it is locally invasive, has a high recurrence 
rate and could potentially become malignant. Many theories have been proposed to 
explain the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma. Proper understanding of the 
pathogenic mechanism involved in ameloblastoma and its proliferation aids in 
constituting proper treatment of choice at an early stage, preventing morbidity 
associated with extensive therapy. An attempt has been made to discuss the 
current concepts related to molecular and genetic changes that occur in 
ameloblastoma as these could affect treatment plan and prognosis.