Flaviviral infections have a re-emerging impact on the health situation in 
developing countries with several billions of people living at risk. In the 
present review, we focus on three members of the genus Flavivirus belonging to 
the Flaviviridae family. They are transmitted to humans by mosquito bites, 
namely those viruses leading to Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever and mosquito-borne 
Japanese encephalitis. All three virus groups have a spherical structure with a 
diameter of approximately 50 nm. Although sharing a similar genomic structure 
and intracellular life cycle, they show different clinical manifestations. 
Infections are incurable, as there is no antiviral treatment available for 
either of the three viruses. Thus, prevention and vaccination are the best 
defenses. The most promising vaccines are live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), such 
as the YF17D strain against Yellow Fever or the SA-14-14-2 strain against 
Japanese encephalitis. Additionally, recombinant vaccines for Japanese 
encephalitis are in development. Although Dengue Fever is the most prevalent 
arthropode-borne flaviviral infection and a lot of research to develop a vaccine 
against all four Dengue Fever serotypes was undertaken, no vaccine is available 
on the market yet. Promising tetravalent vaccine candidates are currently 
undergoing clinical phase trials, including LAVs, recombinant and chimeric 
candidates as well as non-replicating vaccine approaches. Additionally, 
encouraging anti-flaviviral approaches target non-structural proteins, 
virus-specific proteases essential for cellular maturation of viral particles. 
Peptide inhibitors against the highly conserved NS2B and NS3 proteases are 
attractive as pan-flaviviral drug candidates.