Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants can lead to dramatic reductions 
in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoirs. This effect is partially 
mediated by donor T cells recognizing lymphocyte-expressed minor 
histocompatibility antigens (mHAgs). The potential to mark malignant and 
latently infected cells for destruction makes mHAgs attractive targets for 
cellular immunotherapies. However, testing such HIV reservoir reduction 
strategies will likely require preclinical studies in non-human primates (NHPs). 
In this study, we used a combination of alloimmunization, whole exome 
sequencing, and bioinformatics to identify an mHAg in Mauritian cynomolgus 
macaques (MCMs). We mapped the minimal optimal epitope to a 10-mer peptide 
(SW10) in apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3C 
(APOBEC3C) and determined the major histocompatibility complex class I 
restriction element as Mafa-A1∗063, which is expressed in almost 90% of MCMs. 
APOBEC3C SW10-specific CD8+ T cells recognized immortalized B cells but not 
fibroblasts from an mHAg-positive MCM. These results provide a framework for 
identifying mHAgs in a non-transplant setting and suggest that APOBEC3C SW10 
could be used as a model antigen to test mHAg-targeted therapies in NHPs.