SGLT2 (Sodium Glucose co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors) inhibitors are a new group of 
oral medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. These 
medications interfere with the process of glucose reabsorption in the proximal 
convoluted tubules in the kidneys, therefore increasing both glucose and water 
diuresis. SGLT2 inhibitors were found to be effective in lowering HbA1c levels 
in double-blinded studies, both as monotherapy and in combination with other 
oral hypoglycemic medications of various other mechanisms of action. SGLT2 
Inhibitors are not a risk factor for hypoglycemia and are suitable for 
combination with insulin therapy. Their unique mode of action, relying on 
glomerular filtration, make these medication unsuitable for usage as treatment 
for type 2 diabetes patients who are also suffering from moderate to severe 
renal failure. Their main adverse effects are increased risk for urinary and 
genital tract infections. The following review describes the relevant 
pathophysiology addressed by these novel medications, evidence for efficacy and 
the safety profile of SGLT2 Inhibitors.