There is no consensus on whether amblyopia affects the retinal vascular plexus 
and morphology. Previous studies focused on the differences between amblyopic 
patients and normal controls without evaluating amblyopic eyes after patching. 
To evaluate differences in the superficial vascular density of amblyopic eyes, 
normal eyes, and amblyopic eyes reaching normal BCVA after patch therapy, OCTA 
was used. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, 
including visual acuity, refraction, ocular motility tests, and anterior and 
posterior segment examination. OCTA was performed by an expert physician using 
the Zeiss Cirrus 5000-HD-OCT Angioplex (Carl Zeiss, Meditec, Inc., Dublin, OH, 
USA). OCTA scans were performed using a 3 × 3 mm2 and 6 × 6 mm2 fovea-centered 
image setting. The mean outer macular vessel density in the previously amblyopic 
group was 19.15 ± 0.51%. This was statistically significantly higher than in 
both the amblyopic group (18.70 ± 1.14%) and the normal controls (18.18 ± 1.40%) 
(p = 0.014). The previously amblyopic group also significantly differed from 
both normal controls and amblyopic eyes with regards to the inner (p = 0.011), 
outer (p = 0.006), and full (p = 0.003) macular perfusion. Finally, linear 
regression analysis revealed that BCVA was linearly correlated to outer 
perfusion in amblyopic (p = 0.003) and ex amblyopic eyes (p < 0.001). 
Considering the cross-sectional nature of our study, from our results, we can 
only hypothesize a possible correlation between light stimulation and retinal 
vasculature development. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to 
support this hypothesis.