Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an uncommon but devastating potential consequence 
of participation in competitive sport. It is seen in adolescent and young adult 
athletes. The most common cause of this, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), is a 
genetic disorder responsible for more than a third of cases and is manageable. 
Screening is undertaken for HCM, using differing strategies in Europe and North 
America. Screening and early diagnosis have reduced the mortality rate but has 
come at a significant economic cost. The evidence and relevant arguments for and 
against screening are presented together with management strategies as reflected 
by an illustrative case.