Control-related cognitive processes such as rule selection are associated with 
cortical oscillations in the theta, alpha and, beta ranges, and modulated by 
catecholamine neurotransmission. Thus, a potential strategy for improving 
cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia would be to use pro-catecholamine 
pharmacological agents to augment these control-related oscillations. In a 
double-blind, placebo-controlled (within-subjects) study, we tested the effects 
of adjunctive single-dose modafinil 200 mg on rule-related 4-30 Hz oscillations 
in 23 stable schizophrenia patients, using EEG during cognitive control task 
performance. EEG data underwent time-frequency decomposition with Morlet 
wavelets to determine the power of 4-30 Hz oscillations. Modafinil (relative to 
placebo) enhanced oscillatory power associated with high-control rule selection 
in theta, alpha, and beta ranges, with modest effects during rule maintenance. 
Modafinil treatment in schizophrenia augments middle-frequency cortical 
oscillatory power associated with rule selection, and may subserve diverse 
subcomponent processes in proactive cognitive control.