Cytokine-release syndrome is a symptom complex associated with the use of many 
monoclonal antibodies. Commonly referred to as an infusion reaction, it results 
from the release of cytokines from cells targeted by the antibody as well as 
immune effector cells recruited to the area. When cytokines are released into 
the circulation, systemic symptoms such as fever, nausea, chills, hypotension, 
tachycardia, asthenia, headache, rash, scratchy throat, and dyspnea can result. 
In most patients, the symptoms are mild to moderate in severity and are managed 
easily. However, some patients may experience severe, life-threatening reactions 
that result from massive release of cytokines. Severe reactions occur more 
commonly during the first infusion in patients with hematologic malignancies who 
have not received prior chemotherapy; severe reactions are marked by their rapid 
onset and the acuity of associated symptoms. Massive cytokine release is an 
oncologic emergency, and special precautions must be taken to prevent 
life-threatening complications. This article will present an overview of the 
etiology and management of cytokine-release syndrome in patients receiving 
monoclonal antibodies to better prepare oncology nurses to safely care for such 
patients.