With the advancement and improvement of new sequencing technology, 
next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been applied increasingly in cancer 
genomics research fields. More recently, NGS has been adopted in clinical 
oncology to advance personalized treatment of cancer. NGS is utilized to novel 
diagnostic and rare cancer mutations, detection of translocations, inversions, 
insertions and deletions, detection of copy number variants, detect familial 
cancer mutation carriers, provide the molecular rationale for appropriate 
targeted, therapeutic and prognostic. NGS holds many advantages, such as the 
ability to fully sequence all types of mutations for a large number of genes 
(hundreds to thousands) and the sensitivity, speed in a single test at a 
relatively low cost compared to be other sequencing modalities. Here we 
described the technology, methods and applications that can be immediately 
considered and some of the challenges that lie ahead.