Cells are able to produce and release different types of vesicles, such as 
microvesicles and exosomes, in the extracellular microenvironment. According to 
the scientific community, both microvesicles and exosomes are able to take on 
and transfer different macromolecules from and to other cells, and in this way, 
they can influence the recipient cell function. Among the different 
macromolecule cargos, the most studied are microRNAs. MicroRNAs are a large 
family of non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression. They 
control every cellular process and their altered regulation is involved in human 
diseases. Their presence in mammalian follicular fluid has been recently 
demonstrated, and here, they are enclosed within microvesicles and exosomes or 
they can also be associated to protein complexes. The presence of microvesicles 
and exosomes carrying microRNAs in follicular fluid could represent an 
alternative mechanism of autocrine and paracrine communication inside the 
ovarian follicle. The outcomes from these studies could be important in basic 
reproductive research but could also be useful for clinical application. In 
fact, the characterization of extracellular vesicles in follicular fluid could 
improve reproductive disease diagnosis and provide biomarkers of oocyte quality 
in ART (Assisted Reproductive Treatment).