Adoptive transfer of T cells modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T 
cells) has changed the therapeutic landscape of hematological malignancies, 
particularly for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and large B cell lymphoma, where 
two different CAR-T products are now considered standard of care. Furthermore, 
intense research efforts are under way to expand the clinical application of 
CAR-T cell therapy for the benefit of patients suffering from other types of 
cancers. Nevertheless, CAR-T cell treatment is associated with toxicities such 
as cytokine release syndrome, which can range in severity from mild flu-like 
symptoms to life-threatening vasodilatory shock, and a neurological syndrome 
termed ICANS (immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome), which can 
also range in severity from a temporary cognitive deficit lasting only a few 
hours to lethal cerebral edema. In this review, we provide an in-depth 
discussion of different types of CAR-T cell-associated toxicities, including an 
overview of clinical presentation and grading, pathophysiology, and treatment 
options. We also address future perspectives and opportunities, with a special 
focus on hematological malignancies.