Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a complicated degenerative disorder which can 
be chronic or acute in nature. Its etiology is unclear although it has been 
associated with both cell- and humoral-mediated autoimmune mechanisms. 
Pathophysiologic effects of the disease include inflammation, demyelination of 
peripheral nerves, loss of granular bodies and degeneration of the basement 
membrane of the Schwann cell. This results in ascending paralysis and loss of 
cranial nerve function. Manifestations may be acute or chronic, and temporary or 
permanent, depending upon the degree of neuronal destruction. Due to the 
pervasive nature of GBS, nursing care is a challenge. Assessment of motor, 
respiratory and cardiac function is of key importance. Total care of the patient 
focuses on risks related to impaired mobility and ineffective airway clearance. 
Psychosocial care and patient education are also integral components of care.