Personalized melanoma medicine has progressed from histopathologic features to 
serum markers to molecular profiles. Since the identification of activating BRAF 
mutations and subsequent development of drugs targeting the mutant BRAF protein, 
oncologists now need to incorporate prognostic and predictive biomarkers into 
treatment decisions for their melanoma patients. Examples include subgrouping 
patients by genotype profiles for targeted therapy and the development of 
serologic, immunohistochemical, and genotype profiles for the selection of 
patients for immunotherapies. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the 
current status of BRAF mutation testing, as well as promising serologic and 
molecular profiles that will impact patient care. As further research helps 
clarify the roles of these factors, the clinical outcomes of melanoma patients 
promise to be greatly improved.