A systematic literature review and meta-analyses (where appropriate) were 
performed to update the previous AASM practice parameters on the treatments, 
both dopaminergic and other, of RLS and PLMD. A considerable amount of 
literature has been published since these previous reviews were performed, 
necessitating an update of the corresponding practice parameters. Therapies with 
a STANDARD level of recommendation include pramipexole and ropinirole. Therapies 
with a GUIDELINE level of recommendation include levodopa with dopa 
decarboxylase inhibitor, opioids, gabapentin enacarbil, and cabergoline (which 
has additional caveats for use). Therapies with an OPTION level of 
recommendation include carbamazepine, gabapentin, pregabalin, clonidine, and for 
patients with low ferritin levels, iron supplementation. The committee 
recommends a STANDARD AGAINST the use of pergolide because of the risks of heart 
valve damage. Therapies for RLS secondary to ESRD, neuropathy, and superficial 
venous insufficiency are discussed. Lastly, therapies for PLMD are reviewed. 
However, it should be mentioned that because PLMD therapy typically mimics RLS 
therapy, the primary focus of this review is therapy for idiopathic RLS.