Ameloblastoma(AB) is an aggressive and slow-growing tumor with high recurrence 
rate, which arises from odontogenic epithelium. AB mostly shows osteolytic 
growth, but the specific pathogenesis is not yet clear. Periostin is a 
considered a prominent oncogene, which was mainly produced by osteoblasts and 
their precursors cells, it have been proved that Periostin play an important 
role in bone lysis. However, the precise role of Periostin in AB progression 
remains unknown. In this article, the surgical specimens from cases of AB were 
collected, and the Periostin expression was tested and the results were analyzed 
for possible correlations with clinical characteristics. In addition, the 
proliferation、cell cycle and migration of AM-1 cells were evaluated after 
transfection of siPeriostin. The results showed that Periostin levels were 
significantly higher in patients with AB than in controls. Moreover, Periostin 
levels in patients with AB were significantly associated with the number of 
disease. Furthermore, the results suggested that Periostin expression 
significantly promoted the proliferation and migration, in addition to cell 
cycle progression of AM-1 cells. The present study demonstrated that Periostin 
may be important in the pathogenesis and progression of AB and indicated its 
potential therapeutic value.