AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the physical status and gait patterns 
of children with spastic diplegia secondary to human immunodeficiency virus 
encephalopathy (HIVE).
METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on children diagnosed with HIVE 
and spastic diplegia. Sociodemographic and clinical background information was 
obtained, followed by three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA) and a physical 
examination including assessments of muscle tone, strength, motor control, 
contractures, and bony deformities of the lower extremities.
RESULTS: Fourteen children (eight males, six females; mean age 5 y 8 mo [SD 9 
mo], range 4 y 4 mo-6 y 10 mo) were studied. The cohort was divided into two 
groups based on distinctive gait patterns. Nine participants in group I showed 
only limited abnormalities. Group II displayed a more pathological gait pattern 
including stiff knee and equinus ankle abnormalities. Results of 3DGA, as with 
the physical examination outcomes, showed increased impairments from proximal to 
distal (except for hip extension).
INTERPRETATION: This study provides a first description of distinctive gait 
patterns and related physical characteristics of children with HIVE and spastic 
diplegia. Further research is necessary.