We describe a case of chronic conjunctivitis related to phthiriasis palpebrarum. 
A 36 year-old female presented with gradual pruritus and painless ocular 
hyperaemia over the previous 3 months. On examination, nasal pterygium, 
conjunctival hyperaemia, oedema, and mild hypertrophy of the palpebral margin 
were observed. A slit-lamp examination revealed numerous creamy oval structures 
approximately 1 mm in diameter localised in the middle area of the lashes, and 
bloody crusts and a semi-transparent deposit were present in the superior 
palpebral margin. Based on the observation of numerous nits at the base of the 
eyelashes and the ectoparasite in the palpebral margin, a diagnosis of 
phthiriasis palpebrarum was made. The patient was referred to an infectologist 
for evaluation of other sexually transmitted diseases and examination of other 
body areas. She was successfully treated with oral ivermectin, shampoo for 
ciliary hygiene and artificial tears. Other recommendations to avoid 
re-infestation were made, such as changing, washing and sterilising clothes, 
towels and sheets daily. This report emphasizes the importance of the correct 
diagnosis and management of this disease, considered as sexually transmitted.