Protection against infection and maintenance of homeostasis are the hallmarks of 
the innate immune system. The complex signaling cascades that occur following 
microbial infection have been studied intensely for a number of years and long 
noncoding RNA (lncRNA) represent novel regulatory components of these pathways. 
The catalogue of lncRNA present in our genomes continues to increase as deep 
sequencing data becomes available. It is clear that they represent critical 
regulatory steps in a large number of biological systems yet we currently 
understand the functions for approximately 1% of all annotated lncRNA. This 
review will cover the recent findings on the emerging roles for lncRNA in 
controlling the inflammatory response and their mechanisms of action. Gaining a 
better understanding of these processes could facilitate the development of 
novel therapeutics to prevent damaging inflammation.