The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranges from mild to death, 
with high morbidity and mortality rates reported amongst a vulnerable subset of 
patients termed high risk. While vaccines remain the primary option for COVID-19 
prevention, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), such as bamlanivimab and 
etesevimab, have been shown to benefit certain subpopulations after exposure to 
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Unlike 
vaccine-derived immunity that develops over time, administration of neutralizing 
mAbs is an immediate and passive immunotherapy, with the potential to reduce 
disease progression, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and death. 
Bamlanivimab alone and together with etesevimab hold emergency use 
authorizations in several countries globally, with countries increasingly 
transitioning to the use of bamlanivimab and etesevimab together and other 
authorized mAbs on the basis of their evolving variant landscape, regulatory 
authorizations, and access to drugs. The current guidelines for the 
administration of bamlanivimab alone or together with etesevimab are informed by 
an iterative process of testing and development. Herein the rationale for these 
guidelines is provided by sharing the learnings that have been gathered 
throughout the development process of these mAbs. In addition, this review 
addresses the most common clinical questions received from health care 
professionals (HCPs) and patients regarding indicated population, dose, use with 
other medications and vaccines, duration of protection, and variants in clinical 
practice. As prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants can differ by country and state, 
prescribing HCPs should consider the prevalence of bamlanivimab and etesevimab 
resistant variants in their area, where data are available, regarding potential 
efficacy impact when considering treatment options.Trial Registration: 
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04427501; NCT04411628; NCT04497987; 
NCT04634409.