OBJECTIVES: To review current and emerging tools for Gambiense HAT control and 
elimination, and propose strategies that integrate these tools with 
epidemiological evidence.
METHODS: We reviewed the scientific literature to identify contemporary and 
emerging tools and strategies for controlling and eliminating Gambiense HAT. 
Through an iterative process involving key stakeholders, we then developed 
comprehensive scenarios leading to elimination, considering both established and 
new tools for diagnosis, case treatment and vector control.
RESULTS: Core components of all scenarios include detecting and treating cases 
with established or emerging techniques. Relatively more intensive scenarios 
incorporate vector control. New tools considered include tiny targets for tsetse 
fly control, use of rapid diagnostic tests and oral treatment with fexinidazole 
or oxaboroles. Scenarios consider the time when critical new tools are expected 
to become ready for deployment by national control programmes. Based on a review 
of the latest epidemiological data, we estimate the various interventions to 
cover 1,380,600 km(2) and 56,986,000 people.
CONCLUSIONS: A number of new tools will fill critical gaps in the current 
armamentarium for diagnosing and treating Gambiense HAT. Deploying these tools 
in endemic areas will facilitate the comprehensive and sustainable control of 
the disease considerably and contribute to the ultimate goal of elimination.