Today, there is a need for a platform to efficiently generate and maintain a 
feeder free culture of pluripotent stem cells by small molecules or 
pharmacological agents. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) is considered a 
promising resource for restorative cell therapy in clinical areas. While fully 
reprogrammed iPSCs are similar to embryonic stem cells, iPSCs could be derived 
from the patient's own cells (autologous), which avoids the immune rejection 
activities. Recent advances have demonstrated that iPSCs could be generated from 
human fibroblasts using only four transcription factors: OCT4, SOX2, CMYC, and 
KLF4. However, the limitations of reprogramming technologies include low 
efficiency, slow kinetics, transgene integration and residual expression. 
Surprisingly, adult stem cells from human endometrium (endometrial stem cells; 
EnSCs) express OCT4 and KLF4 pluripotency factors. On the other hand, small 
molecule inhibitors of specific signaling pathways such as thiazovivin have been 
used in various aspects of iPSC generation and maintenance. Thiazovivin is a 
selective small molecule that directly targets Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and 
increases expression of pluripotency factors. The process using thiazovivin 
could be easier, faster and more cost effective than transgene integration into 
somatic cells. So reprogramming of OCT4 and KLF4 expressing EnSCs by a ROCK 
inhibitor, thiazovivin, could result in producing more efficient iPSCs compared 
with fibroblasts or conventional somatic cells without integration any transgene 
and retroviral vector.