Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) clinical types, prevalence, aetiology, and acute 
cardiovascular morbidity impact on the outcome of acute kidney function 
perturbation were determined. Forty-seven of 101 (46.53%) patients with 
perturbed kidney function had CRS. Types 3 and 5 CRS were found in 10 and 37 
patients, respectively. Type 3 CRS was due to acute glomerulonephritis (AGN; n = 
7), captopril (n = 1), frusemide (n = 1), and hypovolaemia (n = 1). 
Malaria-associated haemoglobinuria (n = 20), septicaemia (n = 11), lupus 
nephritis (n = 3), tumour lysis syndrome (n = 2), and acute lymphoblastic 
leukaemia (n = 1) caused Type 5 CRS. The cumulative mortality in hypertensive 
CRS was similar to nonhypertensive CRS (51.4% versus 40.9%; P = .119). Mortality 
in CRS and non-CRS was similar (45.7% versus 24.5%; P = .053). Type 5 survived 
better than type 3 CRS (66.7% versus 12.5%; P = .001). Risk factors for 
mortality were Type 3 CRS (P = .001), AGN-associated CRS (P = .023), dialysis 
requiring CRS (P = .008), and heart failure due to causes other than anaemia (P 
= .003). All-cause-mortality was 34.2%. Preventive measures aimed at the 
preventable CRS aetiologies might be critical to reducing its prevalence.