Phthiriasis palpebrarum is an infestation of the eyelashes caused by the louse 
Pthirus pubis (Linnaeus, 1758). We report a case of phthiriasis palpebrarum in a 
6-year-old girl, which was initially misdiagnosed as allergic 
blepharoconjunctivitis. Parasites and their nits were found adhering to the 
eyelashes and eyelids of her right eye as well as scalp hairs. No abnormality 
was found in the left eye. The histopathology exam revealed the presence of 
adults and eggs of Pthirus pubis. We mechanically removed all the eyelashes of 
the right eye at their base, with lice and nits. The scalp was shaved and washed 
with phenothrin shampoo. No recurrence was found during 3 months of follow-up. 
Removal of the eyelashes, cutting of scalp hairs, and phenothrin shampoo may be 
effective in treating phthiriasis palpebrarum. In cases of 
blepharoconjunctivitis, eyelids and eyelashes should be carefully examined by 
slit lamp to avoid misdiagnosis.