Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of conflicting interests: The 
authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to 
the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Todd J Schwedt 
serves on the Board of Directors for the American Headache Society and the 
International Headache Society. He has received research support from the 
American Migraine Foundation, Amgen, Henry Jackson Foundation, National 
Institutes of Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, and US 
Department of Defense. Within the past 12 months, he has received personal 
compensation for serving as a consultant or advisory board member for 
AbbVie/Allergan, Biohaven, Eli Lilly, Equinox, Lundbeck, and Novartis. He has 
received royalties from UpToDate. He holds stock options in Aural Analytics and 
Nocira. Richard B Lipton has received research support from the National 
Institutes of Health, the FDA, and the National Headache Foundation. He serves 
as consultant, advisory board member, or has received honoraria or research 
support from AbbVie/Allergan, Amgen, Biohaven, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories 
(Promius), electroCore, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, Merck, Novartis, 
Teva, Vector, and Vedanta Research. He receives royalties from Wolff’s Headache, 
8th edition (Oxford University Press, 2009), and Informa. He holds stock/options 
in Biohaven and Ctrl M. Jessica Ailani has served as a consultant for AbbVie, 
Amgen, Axsome, Ctrl M, Eli Lilly and Company, Lundbeck, Impel, Satsuma, 
Theranica, Teva, and Vorso; has served as a speaker for AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly 
and Company, Lundbeck, and Teva; has received honoraria from Medscape; and has 
provided editorial services to Current Pain and Headache Reports, NeurologyLive, 
and SELF magazine. Her institute has received clinical trial support from 
AbbVie, the American Migraine Foundation, Biohaven, Eli Lilly and Company, 
Satsuma, and Zosano. Stephen D Silberstein is a consultant and/or advisory panel 
member for and has received honoraria from AbbVie, Alder Biopharmaceuticals, 
Amgen, Avanir, eNeura, electroCore Medical, Labrys Biologics, Medscape, 
Medtronic, Neuralieve, NINDS, Pfizer, and Teva. His employer receives research 
support from AbbVie, Amgen, Cumberland Pharmaceuticals, electroCore Medical, 
Labrys Biologics, Eli Lilly, Mars, and Troy Healthcare. Cristina Tassorelli has 
participated in advisory boards for AbbVie, electroCore, Eli Lilly, Novartis, 
and Teva. She has lectured at symposia sponsored by AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Novartis, 
and Teva. She is principal investigator or collaborator in clinical trials 
sponsored by Alder, Eli Lilly, IBSA, Novartis, and Teva. She has received 
research grants from the European Commission, the Italian Ministry of Health, 
the Italian Ministry of University, the Migraine Research Foundation, and the 
Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation. Hua Guo, Kaifeng Lu, Brett Dabruzzo, Rosa 
Miceli, Lawrence Severt, Michelle Finnegan and Joel M Trugman are employees of 
AbbVie and may hold AbbVie stock.