This systematic review assesses the published literature to describe the 
landscape of mobile health technology (mHealth) for HIV/AIDS and the evidence 
supporting the use of these tools to address the HIV prevention, care, and 
treatment cascade. The speed of innovation, broad range of initiatives and 
tools, and heterogeneity in reporting have made it difficult to uncover and 
synthesize knowledge on how mHealth tools might be effective in addressing the 
HIV pandemic. To do address this gap, a team of reviewers collected literature 
on the use of mobile technology for HIV/AIDS among health, engineering, and 
social science literature databases and analyzed a final set of 62 articles. 
Articles were systematically coded, assessed for scientific rigor, and sorted 
for HIV programmatic relevance. The review revealed evidence that mHealth tools 
support HIV programmatic priorities, including: linkage to care, retention in 
care, and adherence to antiretroviral treatment. In terms of technical features, 
mHealth tools facilitate alerts and reminders, data collection, direct voice 
communication, educational messaging, information on demand, and more. Studies 
were mostly descriptive with a growing number of quasi-experimental and 
experimental designs. There was a lack of evidence around the use of mHealth 
tools to address the needs of key populations, including pregnant mothers, sex 
workers, users of injection drugs, and men who have sex with men. The science 
and practice of mHealth for HIV are evolving rapidly, but still in their early 
stages. Small-scale efforts, pilot projects, and preliminary descriptive studies 
are advancing and there is a promising trend toward implementing mHealth 
innovation that is feasible and acceptable within low-resource settings, 
positive program outcomes, operational improvements, and rigorous study design.