Lysozyme (Lyz) is a naturally occurring enzyme that operates against 
Gram-positive bacteria and leads to cell death. This antimicrobial enzyme forms 
the part of the innate defense system of nearly all animals and exists in their 
somatic discharges such as milk, tears, saliva and urine. Increased Lyz level in 
serum is an important indication of several severe diseases and so, precise 
diagnosis of Lyz is an urgent need in biosensing assays. Up to know, various 
traditional and modern techniques have been introduced for Lyz determination. 
Although the traditional methods suffer from some significant limitations such 
as time-consuming, arduous, biochemical screening, bacterial colony isolation, 
selective enrichment and requiring sophisticated instrumentation or isotope 
labeling, some new modern approaches like aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) 
and quantum dot (QD) nanomaterials are the main goal in Lyz detection. 
Electrochemical and optical sensors have been highlighted because of their 
adaptability and capability to decrease the drawbacks of common methods. Using 
an aptamer-based biosensor, sensor selectivity is enhanced due to the specific 
recognition of the analyte. Thereby, in this review article, the recent advances 
and achievements in electrochemical and optical aptasensing detection of Lyz 
based on different QD nanomaterials and detection methods have been discussed in 
detail.