Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a multiorgan genetic disease caused by loss 
of function of either the TSC1 (encodes hamartin) or TSC2 (encodes tuberin) 
genes. Patients with TSC have benign tumors (hamartomas) in multiple organs 
though brain involvement is typically the most disabling aspect of the disease 
as very high rates of neurodevelopmental disorders are seen. While first 
described well over 120 years ago, recent advances have transformed TSC into a 
prototypical disorder that exemplifies the methods and potential of molecular 
medicine. This review will detail historical aspects of TSC and its strong 
associations with neurodevelopmental disorders focusing on epilepsy and autism. 
Finally, promising new approaches for the treatment of epilepsy and autism in 
patients with TSC as well as those in the general population will be discussed.