Moderate and severe forms of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and 
asthma are a challenge for clinicians. In these conditions, which severely 
affect the quality of life of the patient and frequently have associated 
allergic comorbidities, the therapeutic options are often very limited. 
Treatment with systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants has adverse 
effects in the long term, and a significant proportion of patients remain 
refractory to therapy. In this context, the emerging biological drugs constitute 
a truly innovative therapeutic approach. A leading example is dupilumab, a 
monoclonal antibody targeting the α chain of the interleukin (IL)-4 receptor. 
Dupilumab inhibits the biological effects of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, which 
are key drivers in the TH2 response. The efficacy and safety profile of 
dupilumab in the treatment of allergic diseases has been tested for more than 10 
years in a variety of large clinical trials in atopic dermatitis, asthma, 
chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and eosinophilic esophagitis. In 
2017, the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines 
Agency approved the use of dupilumab for the treatment of adult patients with 
moderateto-severe atopic dermatitis whose disease is not adequately controlled 
with prescribed topical treatment. The results of phase III clinical studies of 
dupilumab in patients with persistent, uncontrolled asthma have been highly 
promising. The safety and tolerability profile of dupilumab has proven to be 
very favorable in long-term clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the 
mechanism of action of dupilumab, its development, and its impact on daily 
clinical practice in allergic diseases.