Bartter syndrome is an uncommon tubular disorder inherited as an autosomal 
recessive entity. It is associated with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with 
high renin and aldosterone plasma concentration with low or normal blood 
pressure. Recent studies have demonstrated genetic heterogeneity in Bartter 
syndrome. Mutations of two genes encoding the Na/K/2Cl cotransporter and 
potassium channel ROMK are responsible for clinical features of neonatal Bartter 
syndrome. Mutations of gen encoding the chloride channel ClC-Kb is identified as 
being causative for the classic Bartter syndrome. And dysfunction of Na/Cl 
cotransporter in the distal convoluted renal tubule is described as Gitelman 
syndrome.