The Tyrolean Iceman, a Copper-age ice mummy, is one of the best-studied human 
individuals. While the genome of the Iceman has largely been decoded, 
tissue-specific proteomes have not yet been investigated. We studied the 
proteome of two distinct brain samples using gel-based and liquid 
chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies together with a 
multiple-databases and -search algorithms-driven data-analysis approach. 
Thereby, we identified a total of 502 different proteins. Of these, 41 proteins 
are known to be highly abundant in brain tissue and 9 are even specifically 
expressed in the brain. Furthermore, we found 10 proteins related to blood and 
coagulation. An enrichment analysis revealed a significant accumulation of 
proteins related to stress response and wound healing. Together with atomic 
force microscope scans, indicating clustered blood cells, our data reopens 
former discussions about a possible injury of the Iceman's head near the site 
where the tissue samples have been extracted.