Rasburicase is a new treatment for hyperuricemia, a metabolic manifestation of 
tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). Rasburicase has a unique mechanism of action that 
allows uric acid byproducts to be easily excreted in the urine. Clinical trials 
have shown that rasburicase has a rapid onset of action that allows chemotherapy 
to be delivered on time and prevents hyperuricemia-related complications, 
including renal compromise. The drug has been used successfully in adults and 
children. The main side effect of rasburicase is the potential for a 
hypersensitivity reaction. The drug is contraindicated in patients with glucose 
6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency because this can precipitate 
hemolytic anemia. The drug has not been studied in patients with a history of 
allergies or asthma. Oncology nurses play a major role in the assessment and 
management of TLS-related complications. They must assess patients for G6PD 
deficiency and signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reaction before and during 
chemotherapy or other therapeutic interventions. Nurses play a direct role in 
preventing complications related to TLS and contributing to the quality of life 
in this patient population.