Development of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulators to dampen 
inflammation and its sequelae is becoming increasingly promising for treating 
medical conditions characterized by significant immunopathology. As shown by the 
non-selective S1P receptor modulator FTY720 (fingolimod [Gilenya(®)]) in the 
treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), the ability to use 
S1P1 modulation to precisely block immune cell traffic-immunomodulation-while 
maintaining immunosurveillance, has opened therapeutic opportunities in various 
other immune-derived chronic pathologies, including inflammatory bowel disease 
(IBD), lupus, psoriasis, as well as, potentially, in early acute viral 
respiratory infection. Proof-of-concept studies across validated animal models 
with S1P receptor modulators highly selective for S1P1, such as BAF-312 
(Siponimod), KRP-203, ONO-4641 (Ceralifimod), ponesimod and RPC-1063, and 
emerging clinical trials for safety and efficacy in humans, particularly in MS, 
ulcerative colitis (UC) and psoriasis, have set the stage for us to consider 
additional testing in various other autoimmune diseases.