BACKGROUND: The use of self-assessment questionnaires in addition to clinical 
evaluations is gradually increasing. Liverpool Elbow Scale (LES) is an 
elbow-specific outcome score that provides a comprehensive assessment of by both 
the clinicians and patients. However, it has not been adapted and validated to 
Turkish language.
OBJECTIVE: To conduct the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation 
of Liverpool Elbow Score-patient answered outcome (LES-PAQ) into Turkish for 
patients with elbow fracture.
DESIGN: Study of diagnostic accuracy/assessment scale.
METHODS: This study was carried out in three consecutive phases: translation, 
cross-cultural adaptation and validation. In the third phase, we used the Quick 
Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick-DASH), Mayo Elbow Performance 
Score (MEPS) and 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12) physical health score.
RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were included for the analysis. Neither a ceiling 
nor a floor effect was observed. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.89. Intraclass 
correlation coefficient was 0.94 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.96; p < 0.001). SEM was 0.28 
and MDC95 was 0.79. The LES-PAQ showed a high negative correlation with the 
Quick-DASH (r = -0.72, p < 0.001) and high positive correlation with MEPS 
(r = 0.77, p < 0.001), and with SF-12 physical health subscale (r = 0.73, 
p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish version of the LES-PAQ is a reliable and valid tool for 
the assessment of the patients with elbow fracture.