The myelin sheath is a multilayered membrane in the nervous system, which has 
unique biochemical properties. Myelin carries a set of specific high-abundance 
proteins, the structure and function of which are still poorly understood. The 
proteins of the myelin sheath are involved in a number of neurological diseases, 
including autoimmune diseases and inherited neuropathies. In this review, we 
briefly discuss the structural properties and functions of selected 
myelin-specific proteins (P0, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, 
myelin-associated glycoprotein, myelin basic protein, myelin-associated 
oligodendrocytic basic protein, P2, proteolipid protein, peripheral myelin 
protein of 22 kDa, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, and periaxin); 
such properties include, for example, interactions with lipid bilayers and the 
presence of large intrinsically disordered regions in some myelin proteins. A 
detailed understanding of myelin protein structure and function at the molecular 
level will be required to fully grasp their physiological roles in the myelin 
sheath.