Gliomas are the most common type of brain cancer in the pediatric patients, 
constituting about 50% of all childhood intracranial tumors. This is a highly 
heterogeneous group, varying from the benign WHO histopathological grades I and 
II to malignant WHO grades III and IV. The histology and location are 
significant prognostic factors, which influence the decision for surgical 
intervention, as well as the extent of possible tumor removal. In low-grade 
gliomas, surgery remains the initial option and should be directed at gross 
total resection in favorable locations, such as the cerebral hemispheres and the 
cerebellum. Management of high-grade gliomas (HGG), which are less common in 
children compared to adults, continue to pose a significant challenge. In 
non-brainstem HGG, the goal is safe maximal tumor removal, while it generally 
does not play any role in diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. Treatment must, 
thus, be individualized in the majority of cases of HGG. Surgery for gliomas in 
children continues to be aided by technological advancements facilitating tumor 
resection and improving patient safety and outcomes.