Nucleosome dynamics facilitated by histone turnover is required for 
transcription as well as DNA replication and repair. Histone turnover is often 
associated with various histone modifications such as H3K56 acetylation 
(H3K56Ac), H3K36 methylation (H3K36me), and H4K20 methylation (H4K20me). In 
order to correlate histone modifications and transcription-dependent histone 
turnover, we performed genome wide analyses for euchromatic regions in 
G2/M-arrested fission yeast. The results show that transcription-dependent 
histone turnover at 5' promoter and 3' termination regions is directly 
correlated with the occurrence of H3K56Ac and H4K20 mono-methylation (H4K20me1) 
in actively transcribed genes. Furthermore, the increase of H3K56Ac and H4K20me1 
and antisense RNA production was observed in the absence of the histone H3K36 
methyltransferase Set2 and histone deacetylase complex (HDAC) that are involved 
in the suppression of histone turnover within the coding regions. These results 
together indicate that H4K20me1 as well as H3K56Ac are bona fide marks for 
transcription-dependent histone turnover in fission yeast.