Achalasia is a motility disorder of the esophagus characterized by total loss of 
esophageal peristalsis and by defective lower esophageal sphincter function. The 
etiology of achalasia is poorly understood. Achalasia occurs across the 
lifespan, but is uncommon in children. Most patients have progressive dysphagia 
for both liquids and solids. This article describes the symptoms of achalasia, 
its diagnosis, and treatment. The emphasis is on primary achalasia. Case studies 
illustrate common findings in patients with achalasia. The importance of patient 
education for effective management of this chronic illness is discussed.