Conflict of interest statement: CONFLICT OF INTEREST Guarantor of the article: 
Alexander Khoruts, MD. Specific author contributions: Christopher Staley: 
analysis and interpretation of data; critical revision of the manuscript for 
intellectual content; statistical analysis. Matthew J. Hamilton: acquisition of 
data; analysis and interpretation of data; critical revision of the manuscript 
for intellectual content. Byron P. Vaughn: acquisition of data; critical 
revision of the manuscript for intellectual content. Carolyn T. Graiziger: 
acquisition of data; technical support. Krista M. Newman: acquisition of data. 
Amanda J. Kabage: administrative and technical support. Michael J. Sadowsky: 
study concept and design; analysis and interpretation of data; critical revision 
of the manuscript for intellectual content; obtained funding; study supervision. 
Alexander Khoruts: study concept and design; acquisition of data; analysis and 
interpretation of data; drafting the manuscript; obtained funding; study 
supervision. Financial support: The study was supported by grants from the NIH 
1R21-AI114722-01 (AK, MJS) to analyze the bacterial composition of the fecal 
samples, CIPAC Limited (AK, MJS) to test various parameters for optimization of 
microbiota preparation. Additional support for capsule preparation and 
collection biological specimens was provided by the philanthropic support of 
Achieving Cures Together, Ms. Emily Haller, and the Hubbard Foundation. None of 
the sponsors had any roles (other than funding) in the study design, collection, 
analysis, interpretation of data, or writing of the manuscript. Potential 
competing interests: AK and MJS received research grant support from CIPAC 
Limited. MJH, AJK, and MJS provided consulting services to CIPAC Limited and 
Crestovo LLC. AK serves on the advisory board for Merck. BPV receives research 
salary support from Roche and speaking consulting fees from Janssen and Abbvie. 
The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.