Diabetes is generally associated with vasculopathy, which contains both 
microvascular and macrovascular complications, associated with high morbidity 
and mortality. Currently, despite interventional therapy, the overall prognosis 
for patients with diabetic vasculopathy remains unsatisfactory. Angiogenesis and 
vascular injury and repair are associated with a variety of cells. However, the 
molecular mechanisms of the cells that are involved in pathogenesis of diabetic 
vasculopathy remain largely unknown. As novel molecules, microRNAs (miRs) take 
part in regulating protein-coding gene expression at the post-transcriptional 
level, and contribute to the pathogenesis of various types of chronic metabolism 
disease, especially diabetic vasculopathy. This allows miRs to have a direct 
function in regulation of various cellular events. Additionally, circulating 
miRs have been proposed as biomarkers for a wide range of cardiovascular 
diseases. This review elucidates miR-mediated regulatory mechanisms in diabetic 
vasculopathy. Furthermore, we discuss the current understanding of miRs in 
diabetic vasculopathy. Finally, we summarize the development of novel diagnostic 
and therapeutic strategies for diabetic vasculopathy related to miRs.