Bioprinting, which is based on thermal inkjet printing, is one of the most 
attractive enabling technologies in the field of tissue engineering and 
regenerative medicine. With digital control cells, scaffolds, and growth factors 
can be precisely deposited to the desired two-dimensional (2D) and 
three-dimensional (3D) locations rapidly. Therefore, this technology is an ideal 
approach to fabricate tissues mimicking their native anatomic structures. In 
order to engineer cartilage with native zonal organization, extracellular matrix 
composition (ECM), and mechanical properties, we developed a bioprinting 
platform using a commercial inkjet printer with simultaneous photopolymerization 
capable for 3D cartilage tissue engineering. Human chondrocytes suspended in 
poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) were printed for 3D neocartilage 
construction via layer-by-layer assembly. The printed cells were fixed at their 
original deposited positions, supported by the surrounding scaffold in 
simultaneous photopolymerization. The mechanical properties of the printed 
tissue were similar to the native cartilage. Compared to conventional tissue 
fabrication, which requires longer UV exposure, the viability of the printed 
cells with simultaneous photopolymerization was significantly higher. Printed 
neocartilage demonstrated excellent glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II 
production, which was consistent with gene expression. Therefore, this platform 
is ideal for accurate cell distribution and arrangement for anatomic tissue 
engineering.