Arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes are a major cause of human disease 
worldwide. The absence of vaccines and effective vector control strategies has 
resulted in the need for novel mosquito control strategies. The endosymbiotic 
bacterium Wolbachia has been proposed to form the basis for an effective 
mosquito biocontrol strategy. Resident strains of Wolbachia inhibit viral 
replication in Drosophila fruit flies and induce a reproductive phenotype known 
as cytoplasmic incompatibility that allows rapid invasion of insect populations. 
Transinfection of Wolbachia strains into the principle mosquito vector of dengue 
virus, Stegomyia aegypti, has resulted in dengue-refractory mosquito lines with 
minimal effects on mosquito fitness. Wolbachia strains have now been established 
in wild St. aegypti populations through open releases in dengue-endemic 
countries. In this review, we outline the current state of Wolbachia-based 
biocontrol strategies for dengue and discuss the potential impact of resident 
Wolbachia strains for additional target mosquito species that transmit 
arboviruses.