Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited genetic condition that may lead to bone 
marrow failure, leukemia, and/or solid tumors. It is caused by the loss of 
function of at least 1 gene of the FA/BRCA pathway, which is necessary for DNA 
repair. Patients with FA have a 200-fold to 1000-fold risk of developing head 
and neck cancer, mainly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and of doing so at 
a much younger age than individuals within the general population. Also, 
patients who have FA with OSCC have poor overall survival rates, reinforcing the 
necessity to detect OSCC early. The scope of the current review is to provide an 
update on OSCC in patients with FA.