Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is used as a curative 
treatment in severe hematological and immunological disorders. Despite clear 
improvement of the aHSCT outcome, substantial proportion of patients still 
suffers from severe complications, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). 
The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify inflammation-associated 
molecules deregulated in the early serum samples of the patients after aHSCT and 
nominate markers associated with particular aHSCT parameters/complications. 
Serum concentrations of 92 inflammation-associated proteins were measured in 
samples obtained from 80 aHSCT patients 14 days after transplantation and from 
23 healthy control subjects by a novel sensitive proximity extension assay 
technology using Proseek Multiplex Inflammation I kit. Serum profiles of 
inflammatory proteins in patients after aHSCT were substantially different from 
those observed in control subjects and related to underlying disease status 
before transplantation. Particularly, the difference between aHSCT patients and 
controls reached significance level for 57 analytes (40 upregulated, 17 
downregulated in aHSCT patients). The concentration of several markers was 
associated with the level of donor/recipient HLA match (TGF-α: p corr = 0.025, 
HGF: p corr = 0.036) and with complete donor chimerism at day +30 after 
allografting (DNER: p corr = 0.042). None of the markers was significantly 
associated with acute and chronic GvHD after correction. More than half of 
investigated proteins significantly differed between the samples from aHSCT 
patients and healthy control subjects as a consequence of the "cytokine storm" 
after aHSCT. Comparisons of patient's subgroups based on specific 
biological/clinical parameters revealed much less evident differences; 
nevertheless, we nominated several markers associated with the level of 
donor/recipient HLA match and post-transplant chimerism.