Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease (CD) and 
ulcerative colitis, not only affect the intestinal tract but also have an 
extraintestinal involvement within the oral cavity. These oral manifestations 
may assist in the diagnosis and the monitoring of disease activity, whilst 
ignoring them may lead to an inaccurate diagnosis and useless and expensive 
workups. Indurated tag-like lesions, cobblestoning, and mucogingivitis are the 
most common specific oral findings encountered in CD cases. Aphthous stomatitis 
and pyostomatitis vegetans are among non-specific oral manifestations of IBD. In 
differential diagnosis, side effects of drugs, infections, nutritional 
deficiencies, and other inflammatory conditions should also be considered. 
Treatment usually involves managing the underlying intestinal disease. In severe 
cases with local symptoms, topical and/or systemic steroids and 
immunosuppressive drugs might be used.