Conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) are specialized cells that produce and secrete 
soluble mucins to the tear film that bathes the ocular surface. CGC numbers and 
functions are affected in various ocular surface diseases including dry eye 
disease with diverse etiologies. In this review we will (i) summarize the 
important functions of CGCs in ocular surface health, (ii) describe the ocular 
surface diseases that affect CGC numbers and function, (iii) provide an update 
on recent research outcomes that elucidate CGC differentiation, gene expression 
and functions, and (iv) present evidence in support of the prediction that 
restoring CGC numbers and/or functions is a viable strategy for alleviating 
ocular surface disorders that impact the CGCs.