Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum is a common commensal flora of the upper 
respiratory tract in humans. Though the pathogenicity of C. pseudodiphtheriticum 
is not rare, its role as an opportunistic pathogen is mainly limited to the 
lower respiratory tract, particularly in patients with underlying systemic 
conditions or immune-compromisation. We hereby present the first case of C. 
pseudodiphtheriticum causing diphtheria-like illness affecting the upper 
respiratory tract of a 6-year-old fully immunised otherwise healthy child. In 
countries with very low incidence of diphtheria, C. pseudodiphtheriticum should 
be included in differential diagnosis for a child presenting with 
diphtheria-like illness. Simple, rapid screening tests should be used to 
differentiate it from C. diphtheriae and hence, to prevent unnecessary concern 
in community.