INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Bacillus anthracis is one of biological agents which 
may be used in bioterrorism attacks. The aim of this study a review of the new 
treatment possibilities of anthrax, with particular emphasis on the treatment of 
pulmonary anthrax. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge. Pulmonary 
anthrax, as the most dangerous clinical form of the disease, is also extremely 
difficult to treat. Recently, considerable progress in finding new drugs and 
suitable therapy for anthrax has been achieved, for example, new antibiotics 
worth to mentioning, levofloxacin, daptomycin, gatifloxacin and dalbavancin. 
However, alternative therapeutic options should also be considered, among them 
the antimicrobial peptides, characterized by lack of inducible mechanisms of 
pathogen resistance. Very promising research considers bacteriophages lytic 
enzymes against selected bacteria species, including antibiotic-resistant 
strains.
RESULTS: Interesting results were obtained using monoclonal antibodies: 
raxibacumab, cAb29 or cocktails of antibodies. The application of CpG 
oligodeoxynucleotides to boost the immune response elicited by Anthrax Vaccine 
Adsorbed and CMG2 protein complexes, also produced satisfying therapy results. 
Furthermore, the IFN-α and IFN-β, PA-dominant negative mutant, human inter-alpha 
inhibitor proteins and LF inhibitors in combination with ciprofloxacin, also 
showed very promising results.
CONCLUSIONS: Recently, progress has been achieved in inhalation anthrax 
treatment. The most promising new possibilities include: new antibiotics, 
peptides and bacteriophages enzymes, monoclonal antibodies, antigen PA mutants, 
and inter alpha inhibitors applications. In the case of the possibility of 
bioterrorist attacks, the examination of inhalation anthrax treatment should be 
intensively continued.