OBJECTIVE: Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common pediatric spinal deformity 
affecting 1% to 3% of the population, and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) 
accounts for approximately 80% of these cases; however, the etiology and 
pathogenesis of AIS are still uncertain. The current study aims to identify the 
relationship between calmodulin 1 (CALM1) gene and AIS predisposition, to 
identify the relationship between the genotypes of the SNPs and the clinical 
phenotypes of AIS.
METHODS: 146 AIS patients and 146 healthy controls were enrolled into this 
case-control study. 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) candidates in 
CALM1 gene were selected to determine the relationship between CALM1 gene and 
AIS predisposition. Case-only study was performed to determine the effects of 
these variants on the severity of the condition.
RESULTS: Three SNPs from 12 candidates were found to be associated with AIS 
predisposition. The ORs were observed as 0.549 (95% CI 0.3519-0.8579, P = 
0.0079), 0.549 (95% CI 0.3519-0.8579, P = 0.0079), and 1.6139 (95% CI 
1.0576-2.4634, P = 0.0257) for rs2300496, rs2300500, and rs3231718, 
respectively. There was no statistical difference between main curve, severity, 
and genotype distributions of all of 12 SNPs.
CONCLUSION: Genetic variants of CALM1 gene are associated with AIS 
susceptibility.