Fever is the most common reason that children and infants are brought to 
emergency departments. Emergency physicians face the challenge of quickly 
distinguishing benign from life-threatening conditions. The management of fever 
in children is guided by the patient's age, immunization status, and immune 
status as well as the results of a careful physical examination and appropriate 
laboratory tests and radiographic views. In this article, the evaluation and 
treatment of children with fevers of known and unknown origin are described. 
Causes of common and dangerous conditions that include fever in their 
manifestation are also discussed.