Recent reports highlight the severity and the morbidity of disease caused by the 
long neglected malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax. Due to inherent difficulties 
in the laboratory-propagation of P. vivax, the biology of this parasite has not 
been adequately explored. While the proteome of P. falciparum, the causative 
agent of cerebral malaria, has been extensively explored from several sources, 
there is limited information on the proteome of P. vivax. We have, for the first 
time, examined the proteome of P. vivax isolated directly from patients without 
adaptation to laboratory conditions. We have identified 153 proteins from 
clinical P. vivax, majority of which do not show homology to any previously 
known gene products. We also report 29 new proteins that were found to be 
expressed in P. vivax for the first time. In addition, several proteins 
previously implicated as anti-malarial targets, were also found in our analysis. 
Most importantly, we found several unique proteins expressed by P. vivax.This 
study is an important step in providing insight into physiology of the parasite 
under clinical settings.