Immunisation against meningococcal meningitis has a long history, which has 
passed through several phases: the studies by Flexner, extraction of the 
polysaccharide capsule, the development of monovalent and multivalent conjugate 
vaccines, the outer membrane vesicle vaccines up to the development of effective 
and safe vaccines for meningococcal B invasive disease through the application 
of the techniques of molecular biology and reverse vaccinology. The new 
available vaccines are Bexsero® and Trumenba®. Bexsero ® has been approved and 
is available in Europe, the USA, Canada, Australia and Chile, and is currently 
under review in Brazil for the prevention of MenB invasive disease in subjects ≥ 
2 months. Trumemba® is currently approved only in the USA, for use in 
adolescents and young adults. At present, the greatest obstacle to the extensive 
use of these vaccines in industrialised countries is the high cost and the need 
administer multiple doses in infants. However, in some European countries and in 
some Italian Regions, strategies (free and active call) to fight the disease 
through vaccination (Bexsero®) are already in place.