BACKGROUND: Febrile jaundice results clinically in generalized yellow coloration 
of the teguments and mucous membranes due to excess plasma bilirubin, 
accompanied by fever. Two types are found: conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin 
jaundice. Jaundice is a sign in several diseases due to viruses (viral hepatitis 
and arbovirus), parasites (malaria) and bacteria (leptospirosis). In the Central 
African Republic (CAR), only yellow fever is included on the list of diseases 
for surveillance. The aim of this study was to identify the other pathogens that 
can cause febrile jaundice, for better management of patients.
METHODS: Between 2008 and 2010, 198 sera negative for yellow fever IgM were 
randomly selected from 2177 samples collected during yellow fever surveillance. 
Laboratory analyses targeted four groups of pathogens: hepatitis B, C, delta and 
E viruses; dengue, chikungunya, Zika, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, West 
Nile and Rift Valley arboviruses; malaria parasites; and bacteria 
(leptospirosis).
RESULTS: Overall, 30.9% sera were positive for hepatitis B, 20.2% for hepatitis 
E, 12.3% for hepatitis C and 8.2% for malaria. The majority of positive sera 
(40.4%) were from people aged 16-30 years. Co-infection with at least two of 
these pathogens was also found.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that a systematic investigation should be 
undertaken of infectious agents that cause febrile jaundice in the CAR.