Thrombocytopenia, anasarca, myelofibrosis, renal dysfunction and organomegaly 
(TAFRO) syndrome is a variant of Castleman's disease recently identified in 
Japan. A 73-year-old man was diagnosed with TAFRO syndrome according to clinical 
findings, and his symptoms improved after corticosteroid therapy. Ten months 
later, lymphadenopathy worsened during tapering of corticosteroids. Histological 
findings of abdominal lymph nodes showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After 6 
cycles of R-CHOP therapy, he has remained in sustained complete remission. This 
is a rare case of the development of malignant lymphoma during the treatment of 
TAFRO syndrome, which suggests an association between diffuse large B-cell 
lymphoma and TAFRO syndrome.