Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus discovered in Africa in 1947. Most 
persons with Zika virus infection are asymptomatic; symptoms when present are 
generally mild and include fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, and 
conjunctivitis. Since early 2015, Zika virus has spread rapidly through the 
Americas, with local transmission identified in 31 countries and territories as 
of February 29, 2016, including several US territories. All age groups are 
susceptible to Zika virus infection, including children. Maternal-fetal 
transmission of Zika virus has been documented; evidence suggests that 
congenital Zika virus infection is associated with microcephaly and other 
adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. Perinatal transmission has been reported 
in 2 cases; 1 was asymptomatic, and the other had thrombocytopenia and a rash. 
Based on limited information, Zika virus infection in children is mild, similar 
to that in adults. The long-term sequelae of congenital, perinatal, and 
pediatric Zika virus infection are largely unknown. No vaccine to prevent Zika 
virus infection is available, and treatment is supportive. The primary means of 
preventing Zika virus infection is prevention of mosquito bites in areas with 
local Zika virus transmission. Given the possibility of limited local 
transmission of Zika virus in the continental United States and frequent travel 
from affected countries to the United States, US pediatric health care providers 
need to be familiar with Zika virus infection. This article reviews the Zika 
virus, its epidemiologic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory 
testing, treatment, and prevention to assist providers in the evaluation and 
management of children with possible Zika virus infection.