Current combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for human immunodeficiency 
virus (HIV) is limited by the frequent dosing and unfavorable adherence, and the 
rapid appearance of resistant mutants. Thus, there is a continuous need to 
improve and optimize the present therapies. The clinical phase III trials of 
FLAIR and ATLAS, showed two-drug injectable cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine 
(RPV) formulation is potent, safe, and tolerable in HIV-infected patients. The 
recent approval of cabenuva (CAB+RPV) by Health Canada is a milestone in the 
development of long-term therapies for HIV infection. Broadly neutralizing 
antibodies (bNAbs) with excellent breath and efficiency against HIV have been 
investigated as LA antiviral weapons. Several modern modalities capable of 
sustained drug release for long-term treatment and prevention of HIV infection 
are also in development, such as implants, vaginal rings, and nanotherapies.