This is a case report of a 44-year-old male living in Teresópolis, RJ, Brazil, 
probably poisoned by contact with a Lonomia caterpillar, who presented hemolytic 
anemia, decreased platelet count and acute renal insufficiency. Lonomia erucism 
diagnosis was established by anamnesis and clinical and laboratory 
manifestations. Therapeutic measures consisting of hemotransfusion and 
hemodialysis were successful. Physiopathologic and clinical features of erucism 
by Lonomia are discussed.