Treatment options for multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are limited 
and often less effective. Non-pharmacologic approaches to preventing or treating 
MDR infections are currently restricted to improved antimicrobial stewardship 
and infection control practices. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a 
highly effective treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, has 
emerged as a promising therapy for intestinal MDR bacterial decolonization. A 
total of eight case reports have been published showing FMT resulted in 
intestinal decolonization of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and 
carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, or 
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The procedure has been shown to 
work even in immunocompromised patients and those experiencing medical crises 
without any adverse events. Five trials are currently underway to further 
investigate the use of FMT for MDR bacterial decolonization. FMT is a completely 
novel way to eradicate drug-resistant bacteria from the intestinal reservoir and 
should be further investigated to address the global problem of 
difficult-to-treat, MDR bacterial infections.