The possible muscular strength, hypertrophy, and muscle power benefits of 
resistance training under environmental conditions of hypoxia are currently 
being investigated.Nowadays, resistance training in hypoxia constitutes a 
promising new training strategy for strength and muscle gains. The main 
mechanisms responsible for these effects seem to be related to increased 
metabolite accumulation due to hypoxia. However, no data are reported in the 
literature to describe and compare the efficacy of the different hypertrophic 
resistance training strategies in hypoxia.Moreover, improvements in sprinting, 
jumping, or throwing performance have also been described at terrestrial 
altitude, encouraging research into the speed of explosive movements at 
altitude. It has been suggested that the reduction in the aerodynamic resistance 
and/or the increase in the anaerobic metabolism at higher altitudes can 
influence the metabolic cost, increase the take-off velocities, or improve the 
motor unit recruitment patterns, which may explain these improvements. Despite 
these findings, the applicability of altitude conditions in improving muscle 
power by resistance training remains to be clarified.This review examines 
current knowledge regarding resistance training in different types of hypoxia, 
focusing on strategies designed to improve muscle hypertrophy as well as power 
for explosive movements.