Isolated noncompaction of the left ventricle (LV) is a rare disorder, classified 
as a primary genetic cardiomyopathy by the American Heart Association. The 
European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial 
Diseases classified LV noncompaction as an unclassified cardiomyopathy. LV 
noncompaction cardiomyopathy characterized by the following features: 1) an 
altered myocardial wall with prominent trabeculae and deep intertrabecular 
recesses resulting in thickened myocardium with two layers, consisting of 
compacted and noncompacted myocardium and 2) continuity between the left 
ventricular cavity and the deep intertrabecular recesses, which are filled with 
blood from the ventricular cavity, without evidence of communication with the 
epicardial coronary artery system. Features of LV noncompaction can overlap with 
dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (especially the apical 
variant), and restrictive cardiomyopathy. The phenotypic expression can vary 
considerably within the same family. The LV noncompaction can rarely occur as a 
transient phenomenon during myocarditis. We present the case of a 23-year-old 
patient, admitted to our Department for cardiac evaluation because of ECG 
changes and cardiac enlargement revealed at thoracic radiography. She had a 
history of chronic toxoplasmosis. An echocardiography was performed revealing 
left ventricular enlargement with severe systolic and diastolic dysfunction, 
diffuse hypokinesia and signs of isolated left ventricular non-compaction. Under 
these circumstances, we have considered the presence of isolated left 
ventricular non-compaction. A cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging was performed 
and it sustained the diagnosis. The alternative cause of isolated left 
ventricular noncompaction (prominent trabeculation due to myocardial 
toxoplasmosis) was considered improbable.