In several cases of lupus erythematosus (SLE, SCLE, DLE), the Koebner phenomenon 
could be seen in the apparently normal skin of patients following traumas, 
scratching effects, operation scars, contact dermatitis, pressure from sock 
tops, application of liquid nitrogen, exposure to strong sun light, etc. The 
interval between exposure to such provocation factors and appearance of the 
isomorphic reactions varied from case to case. In SLE patients receiving 
systemic treatment with glucocorticosteroids, the Koebner phenomenon could not 
be found, while it was detected in patients with generalized DLE who had never 
received any systemic glucocorticoid hormones. It was not seen in patients with 
localized DLE. There was no direct relationship between the appearance of 
humoral autoantibodies and onset of the Koebner phenomenon. With regard to the 
histopathogenesis of the Koebner phenomenon, it is thought that disturbances of 
the local cellular repair processes and of the cytokine network, with expression 
of adhesion molecules, might be involved. The Koebner phenomenon may be a 
valuable model for the investigation of lupus erythematosus.