Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests: ABA has no relationships to 
disclose. JAE has no relationships to disclose. JRI has received research 
funding from Aileron Therapeutics, ARMO BioSciences, AstraZeneca, BioMed Valley 
Discoveries, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calithera Biosciences, Celldex, eFFECTOR 
Therapeutics, Genentech/Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Immunocore, Janssen Oncology, 
MedImmune, Merck and Co., Novartis, Pfizer, Phosplatin Therapeutics, Roche, and 
TESARO. MA has no relationships to disclose. MSG reports having stocks and other 
ownership interests in Caremission and WCCT Global; has received research 
funding from AbbVie, Acetylon, Aduro Biotech, Advaxis, Amgen, Array BioPharma, 
BeiGene, BioLineRx, Calithera Biosciences, CanBas, Celgene, Celldex, Corcept 
Therapeutics, CtyomX Therapeutics, Deciphera, Driver Group, Endocyte, ESSA, Five 
Prime Therapeutics, FujiFilm, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, 
Halozyme, Hengrui Therapeutics, Inanovate, Incyte, Lilly, Lilly/ImClone, MabVax, 
Macrogenics, MedImmune, Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), Merrimack, Millennum, 
Minneamrita Therapeutics, Nektar, Novartis, Novita Pharmaceuticals, OncoMed, 
Pfizer, Phoenix Biotech, Plexxikon, Proderm IQ, Samumed, Seattle Genetics, 
Sirtex Medical, Strategia Therapeutics, Syndax, SynDevRx, TESARO, Tokai 
Pharmaceuticals, Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Toray Industries, TRACON Pharma, 
Trovagene, and Verastem; and reports patents, royalties or other intellectual 
property for patient-on-patient selection for clinical trials. RA has no 
relationships to disclose. TG has received research funding from Ferring 
Pharmaceuticals. LD has no relationships to disclose. K-WL has received research 
funding from Array BioPharma, ASLAN Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Five 
Prime Therapeutics, Green Cross Corp., LSK BioPharma, MacroGenics, Merck KGaA 
(Darmstadt, Germany), MSD, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, and Pharmacyclics. MHT 
reports serving as a consultant or advisor for ArQule, Array BioPharma, Bayer, 
Blueprint Medicines, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Loxo, and Novartis; and is a 
member of a speaker’s bureau for Bristol Myers Squibb, and Eisai. PS reports 
serving as a consultant or advisor for Blueprint Medicines, Eisai, Ellipses 
Pharma, Epizyme, Ipsen, Lilly, Loxo, PIQUR Therapeutics, and Plexxikon; and has 
received research funding from Blueprint Medicines, Boehringer Ingelheim, 
CoBioRes, Eisai, Exelixis, G1 Therapeutics, Lilly, Novartis, PharmaMar, and 
Plexxikon. DW reports serving as a consultant or advisor for Merck and Co.; and 
has received reimbursement for travel, accommodation and expenses from Merck and 
Co. AR has received honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, Ipsen, Merck KGaA 
(Darmstadt, Germany), MSD, Novartis, and Pfizer; reports serving as a consultant 
or advisor for Bristol Myers Squibb, Ipsen, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche; has 
received research funding from Novartis and Pfizer; and has received 
reimbursement for travel, accommodation and expenses from Bristol Myers Squibb, 
MSD, Novartis, and Pfizer. JM reports employment at EMD Serono Research & 
Development Institute, Inc.; a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. GP 
reports employment at EMD Serono, Inc.; a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, 
Germany. MR reports employment at EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 
Inc.; a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. JLG has received research 
funding from Astellas/Medivation, Bavarian Nordic, Bristol Myers Squibb, EMD 
Serono (a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Incyte, Janssen, Merck & 
Co, Immunity Bio, and Pfizer. MRP is a member of a speaker’s bureau for Celgene, 
Exelixis, Genentech/Roche, and Taiho Pharmaceutical.