Among the many immunological events associated with successful intravesical 
bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy of bladder cancer is the induction 
of a wide range of cytokines including the T helper 2 (T(H)2) designated 
cytokines Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10, but not IL-4, in the urine of the 
patients. The aim of this work was to determine if this treatment resulted in 
the production of IL-5, a classical T(H)2 cytokine. Following treatment using 
ELISA this cytokine was detected in the urine of all patients examined 
confirming that intravesical BCG therapy does not induce in bladder cancer 
patients solely a T(H)1 response but rather T(H)1/2 or T(H)0 like response.