OBJECTIVE: Temporal bone dissection is a fundamental element of otologic 
training. Cadaveric temporal bones (CTB) are the gold standard surgical training 
model; however, many institutions do not have ready access to them and their 
cost can be significant: $300 to $500. Furthermore, pediatric cadaveric temporal 
bones are not readily available. Our objective is to develop a pediatric 
temporal bone model.
STUDY DESIGN: Temporal bone model.
SETTING: Tertiary Children's Hospital.
SUBJECTS: Pediatric patient model.
METHODS: We describe the novel use of a 3D printer for the generation of a 
plaster training model from a pediatric high- resolution CT temporal bone scan 
of a normal pediatric temporal bone.
RESULTS: Three models were produced and were evaluated. The models utilized 
multiple colors (white for bone, yellow for the facial nerve) and were of high 
quality. Two models were drilled as a proof of concept and found to be an 
acceptable facsimile of the patient's anatomy, rendering all necessary surgical 
landmarks accurately. The only negative comments pertaining to the 3D printed 
temporal bone as a training model were the lack of variation in hardness between 
cortical and cancellous bone, noting a tactile variation from cadaveric temporal 
bones.
CONCLUSION: Our novel pediatric 3D temporal bone training model is a viable, 
low-cost training option for previously inaccessible pediatric temporal bone 
training. Our hope is that, as 3D printers become commonplace, these models 
could be rapidly reproduced, allowing for trainees to print models of patients 
before performing surgery on the living patient.