We transplanted adult whole bone marrow prelabeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) 
into the ischemic boundary zone of the adult rat brain at 1 day after 2 h of 
middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Approximately 3.3% of 10(6) 
transplanted bone marrow cells were BrdU reactive at 14 days after MCAo. 
BrdU-reactive cells expressed neuronal and astrocytic proteins, neuronal nuclei 
protein (NeuN, 1%), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, 5%) 
immunoreactivities, respectively. In addition, bone marrow transplantation 
promoted proliferation of ependymal and subependymal cells, identified by nestin 
(a neuroepithelial stem cell marker), within the ventricular zone and 
subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ). These data suggest that intracerebral 
transplantation of bone marrow could potentially be used to induce plasticity in 
ischemic brain.