We report on an Italian family in which three brothers and their maternal 
grandfather had a generalized early-onset dystonia with mild parkinsonian signs. 
Genetic testing excluded the rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism locus (DYT12; 
OMIM*128235), autosomal recessive Parkin locus (PARK2; OMIM *602544), and DYT1 
dystonia. Three affected siblings were found to share an identical haplotype at 
the X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism locus (XDP; Lubag; OMIM*314250). This 
haplotype differed from the haplotype observed in Filipino patients, ruling out 
the hypothesis of a common underlying mutation. In addition, direct sequencing 
analysis of the putative disease causing changes observed in Filipino patients 
were not found in the Italian patients. The condition we describe could be a 
newly recognized dystonia syndrome with parkinsonism.