The use of targeted cancer therapies in combination with conventional 
chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation treatment has increased overall 
survival of cancer patients. However, longer survival is accompanied by 
increased incidence of comorbidities due, in part, to drug side effects and 
toxicities. It is well accepted that inflammation and tumorigenesis are linked. 
Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists are 
potent mediators of anti-inflammatory responses, it was a logical extension to 
examine the role of PPARgamma agonists in the treatment and prevention of 
cancer. This paper has two objectives: first to highlight the potential uses for 
PPARgamma agonists in anticancer therapy with special emphasis on their role 
when used as adjuvant or combined therapy in the treatment of hematological 
malignancies found in the vasculature, marrow, and eyes, and second, to review 
the potential role PPARgamma and/or its ligands may have in modulating 
cancer-associated angiogenesis and tumor-stromal microenvironment crosstalk in 
bone marrow.