Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a disease characterized 
by respiratory or gastrointestinal infection and high fever accompanying with 
rapid alteration of consciousness and seizures. This disease is nearly 
exclusively seen in East Asian infants and children who had previously been 
completely healthy. Serial magnetic resonance imaging examinations have 
demonstrated symmetric lesions involving the thalami, brainstem, cerebellum, and 
white matter in this disease. The condition accompanies a poor prognosis with 
high morbidity and mortality rates. A 22-month-old toddler with ANEC 
hospitalized in Amirkola Children Hospital is being reviewed.