PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The therapeutic armamentarium for advanced non-small-cell 
lung cancer has evolved considerably over the past years. Immune checkpoint 
inhibitors targeting programmed cell death-1 such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab 
or programmed cell death ligand 1 such as atezolizumab, durvalumab and avelumab 
have shown favorable efficacy results in this patient population in the 
first-line and second-line setting. These immunotherapies are associated with a 
distinct toxicity profile based on autoimmune organ toxicity which is a new 
challenge for supportive care during treatment with these drugs.
RECENT FINDINGS: The differential diagnosis of events occurring during immune 
checkpoint inhibitor treatment is broad: they can be due to immune-related or 
nonimmune-related adverse events, atypical tumor responses (pseudoprogression or 
hyperprogression) or events related to comorbidities or other treatments.
SUMMARY: The management of these patients includes a thorough baseline clinical, 
biological and radiologic evaluation, patient education, correct follow-up and 
management by a multidisciplinary team with a central role for the medical 
oncologist. Immune-related toxicities should be managed according to available 
guidelines.