Bladder cancer has increased incidence during last decades. For those patients 
with nonmuscle involved tumors, noninvasive diagnosis test and surveillance 
methods must be designed to avoid current cystoscopies that nowadays are done 
regularly in a lot of patients. Novel urine biomarkers have been developed 
during last years. Telomerase is important in cancer biology, improving the 
division capacity of cancer cells. Even urinary telomerase could be a 
potentially useful urinary tumor marker; its use for diagnosis of asymptomatic 
and symptomatic patients or its impact during surveillance is still unknown. 
Moreover, there will need to be uniformity and standardization in the assays 
before it can become useful in clinical practice. It does not seem to exist a 
real difference between the most classical assays for the detection of urine 
telomerase (TRAP and hTERT). However, the new detection methods with modified 
TeloTAGGG telomerase or with gold nanoparticles must also be taken into 
consideration for the correct development of this diagnosis method. Maybe the 
target population would be the high-risk groups within screening programs. To 
date there is no enough evidence to use it alone and to eliminate cystoscopies 
from the diagnosis and surveillance of these patients. The combination with 
cytology or FISH is still preferred.