Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common median nerve neuropathy, 
accounting for 90% of all neuropathies. Carpal tunnel syndrome presents in 3.8% 
of the general population, with a higher prevalence among women. There are 
several risk factors associated with CTS, including both medical and non medical 
factors. The pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the median nerve 
compression and traction are thought to be complex, and as yet are not fully 
understood. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the 
pathophysiology of median nerve neuropathy in the carpal tunnel, and subsequent 
development of CTS.