Eukaryotic cells store excess fatty acids as neutral lipids, predominantly 
triacylglycerols and sterol esters, in organelles termed lipid droplets (LDs) 
that bulge out from the endoplasmic reticulum. LDs are highly dynamic and 
contribute to diverse cellular functions. The catabolism of the storage lipids 
within LDs is channeled to multiple metabolic pathways, providing molecules for 
energy production, membrane building blocks, and lipid signaling. LDs have been 
implicated in a number of protein degradation and pathogen infection processes. 
LDs may be linked to prevalent human metabolic diseases and have marked 
potential for biofuel production. The knowledge accumulated on LDs in recent 
years provides a foundation for diverse, and even unexpected, future research. 
This review focuses on recent advances in LD research, emphasizing the diverse 
physiological roles of LDs in the model system of budding yeast.