Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by pain in the mouth with or with 
no inflammatory signs and no specific lesions. Synonyms found in literature 
include glossodynia, oral dysesthesia, glossopyrosis, glossalgia, 
stomatopyrosis, and stomatodynia. Burning mouth syndrome generally presents as a 
triad: Mouth pain, alteration in taste, and altered salivation, in the absence 
of visible mucosal lesions in the mouth. The syndrome generally manifests 
spontaneously, and the discomfort is typically of a continuous nature but 
increases in intensity during evening and at night. The etiopathogenesis seems 
to be complex and in a large number of patients probably involves interactions 
among local, systemic, and/or psychogenic factors. The differential diagnosis 
requires the exclusion of oral mucosal lesions or blood test alterations that 
can produce burning mouth sensation. Management is always based on the 
etiological agents involved. If burning persists after local or systemic 
conditions are treated, then treatment is aimed at controlling neuropathic 
symptoms. Treatment of BMS is still unsatisfactory, and there is no definitive 
cure. As a result, a multidisciplinary approach is required to bring the 
condition under better control. The aim of this review was to discuss several 
aspects of BMS, update current knowledge, and provide guidelines for patient 
management.