During the past decade, the incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile 
infection (CDI) have significantly increased, leading to a rise in 
CDI-associated hospitalizations, health care costs, and mortality. Although 
treatment options exist for CDI, recurrence is frequent following treatment. 
Furthermore, patients with at least one CDI recurrence are at an increased risk 
of developing additional recurrences. A novel approach to the prevention of 
recurrent CDI is the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against the toxins 
responsible for CDI as an adjunct to antibiotic treatment. Bezlotoxumab, a human 
monoclonal antibody that binds and neutralizes C. difficile toxin B, is the 
first therapeutic agent to receive United States Food and Drug Administration 
approval for the prevention of CDI recurrence. Clinical studies have 
demonstrated superior efficacy of bezlotoxumab in adults receiving antibiotic 
therapy for CDI compared with antibiotic therapy alone for the prevention of CDI 
recurrence. Bezlotoxumab was well tolerated in clinical trials, with the most 
common adverse effects being nausea, vomiting, fatigue, pyrexia, headache, and 
diarrhea. The demonstrated efficacy, safety, and characteristics of bezlotoxumab 
present an advance in prevention of CDI recurrence.