It is universally accepted that resistance training promotes increases in muscle 
strength and hypertrophy in younger and older populations. Although less 
investigated, studies largely suggest resistance training results in lower 
skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume; a phenomenon which has been described as a 
"dilution of the mitochondrial volume" via resistance training. While this 
phenomenon is poorly understood, it is likely a result of muscle fiber 
hypertrophy outpacing mitochondrial biogenesis. Critically, there is no evidence 
to suggest resistance training promotes a net loss in mitochondria. Further, 
given the numerous reports suggesting resistance training does not decrease and 
may even increase VO2max in previously untrained individuals, it is plausible 
certain aspects of mitochondrial function may be enhanced with resistance 
training, and this area warrants further research consideration. Finally, there 
are emerging data suggesting resistance training may affect mitochondrial 
dynamics. The current review will provide an in-depth discussion of these topics 
and posit future research directions which can further our understanding of how 
resistance training may affect skeletal muscle mitochondrial physiology.