Arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that exhibit worldwide distribution, 
contributing to systemic and neurologic infections in a variety of geographical 
locations. Arboviruses are transmitted to vertebral hosts during blood feedings 
by mosquitoes, ticks, biting flies, mites, and nits. While the majority of 
arboviral infections do not lead to neuroinvasive forms of disease, they are 
among the most severe infectious risks to the health of the human central 
nervous system. The neurologic diseases caused by arboviruses include 
meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis, neuritis, and myositis in 
which virus- and immune-mediated injury may lead to severe, persisting 
neurologic deficits or death. Here we will review the major families of emerging 
arboviruses that cause neurologic infections, their neuropathogenesis and host 
neuroimmunologic responses, and current strategies for treatment and prevention 
of neurologic infections they cause.