Chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR) T cells targeting CD19 have 
revolutionized the treatment of relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell 
lymphomas, and their use has increased the cure rate for these cancers from 10 
to 40%. Two second-generation anti-CD19 CAR T-cell products, axicabtagene 
ciloleucel and tisagenlecleucel, have been approved for use in patients, and the 
approval of a third product, lisocabtagene maraleucel, is expected in 2020. The 
commercial availability of the first two products has facilitated the 
development of real-world experience in treating relapsed or refractory 
aggressive B-cell lymphomas, shed light on anti-CD19 CAR T-cell products' 
feasibility in trial-ineligible patients, and raised the need for strategies to 
mitigate the adverse effects associated with anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy, such 
as cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, and cytopenia. In addition, 
promising clinical data supporting the use of anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in 
patients with indolent B-cell lymphomas or chronic lymphocytic leukemia have 
recently become available, breaking the paradigm that these conditions are not 
curable. Multiple clinical CAR T-cell therapy-based trials are ongoing. These 
include studies comparing CAR T-cell therapy to autologous stem cell 
transplantation or investigating their use at earlier stages of disease, novel 
combinations, and novel constructs. Here we provide a thorough review on the use 
of the anti-CD19 CAR T-cell products axicabtagene ciloleucel, tisagenlecleucel 
and lisocabtagene maraleucel in patients with indolent or aggressive B-cell 
lymphoma or with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and present novel CAR T 
cell-based approaches currently under investigation in these disease settings.