The mTOR signaling pathway integrates inputs from a variety of upstream stimuli 
to regulate diverse cellular processes including proliferation, growth, 
survival, motility, autophagy, protein synthesis and metabolism. The mTOR 
pathway is dysregulated in a number of human pathologies including cancer, 
diabetes, obesity, autoimmune disorders, neurological disease and aging. Ongoing 
clinical trials testing mTOR-targeted treatments number in the hundreds and 
underscore its therapeutic potential. To date mTOR inhibitors are clinically 
approved to prevent organ rejection, to inhibit restenosis after angioplasty, 
and to treat several advanced cancers. In this review we discuss the 
continuously evolving field of mTOR pharmacogenomics, as well as highlight the 
emerging efforts in identifying diagnostic and prognostic markers, including 
miRNAs, in order to assess successful therapeutic responses.