BACKGROUND: Advances in the treatment of breast cancer have led to a reduction 
in breast-cancer-related mortality. However, these therapies are known to be 
associated with toxicities. Thus there is a crucial need to accurately define 
the populations of women with an excellent prognosis who may safely avoid the 
risks of systemic therapy. Recent developments utilizing novel technologies that 
incorporate our growing understanding of the biology and pathophysiology of 
breast cancer strive to better identify these patients.
OBJECTIVE: To provide a review of newer prognostic markers with a focus on the 
21-gene recurrence score (Oncotype DX(™)), 70-gene prognosis profile 
(Mammaprint(®)), and Adjuvant! Online.
CONCLUSION: These techniques differ in their execution and application and have 
been demonstrated to provide further data on risk stratification as compared 
with conventional breast-cancer-risk factors.