Platelets play a fundamental role in hemostasis. Because they do not have a 
nucleus, proteomics is an ideal way to approach their biochemistry. Platelet 
proteomics is still a young field that emerged a decade ago. Initial platelet 
proteomic research focused on general proteome mapping followed by the 
exploration of sub-cellular compartments, the membrane proteome, and signaling 
pathways. The initial studies were later completed with the analysis of the 
platelet releasate and microparticle proteome. The success of these studies led 
to the application of platelet proteomics to the study of several pathologies 
where platelets play a fundamental role. Those include platelet-related 
disorders, such as storage pool disease, gray platelet syndrome, and Quebec 
platelet disorder; diseases where unwanted platelet activation is highly 
relevant, such as thrombosis and cardiovascular disease; and other diseases, 
such as cystic fibrosis, uremia, or Alzheimer's disease. In the present review 
article, we revise the most relevant proteomic studies on platelet-related 
diseases carried out to date, paying special attention to sample preparation 
requirements for platelet clinical proteomic studies. This article is part of a 
Special Issue entitled: Integrated omics.