Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the most abundant innate immune 
cells in tumors. TAMs, exhibiting anti-inflammatory phenotype, are key players 
in cancer progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. A high TAM 
infiltration is generally associated with poor prognosis, but macrophages are 
highly plastic cells that can adopt either proinflammatory/antitumor or 
anti-inflammatory/protumor features in response to tumor microenvironment 
stimuli. In the context of cancer therapy, many anticancer therapeutics, apart 
from their direct effect on tumor cells, display different effects on TAM 
activation status and density. In this review, we aim to evaluate the indirect 
effects of anticancer therapies in the modulation of TAM phenotypes and 
pro/antitumor activity.