Recently, several medical treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) have been 
developed, including 5-aminosalicylic acids (5-ASAs), corticosteroids, 
thiopurine, calcineurin inhibitors, and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α 
treatments. Treatment options including calcineurin inhibitors and anti-TNF 
treatment for refractory UC are discussed in this article. Furthermore, upcoming 
treatments are introduced, such as golimumab, vedolizumab, AJM300, tofacitinib. 
Budesonide foamwill be used as one treatment option in patients with distal 
colitis. Herbal medicine, such as Qing-Dai is also effective for active UC and 
may be useful for patients who are refractory to anti-TNFα treatments. In the 
near future, physicians will able to use many different treatments for UC 
patients. However, we should not forget 5-ASA and corticosteroids as the 
fundamental treatments for UC patients.