Epidemiological data suggests suicide is uncommon in childhood but becomes an 
extremely serious issue among adolescents.Several risk factors have been 
identified and include the presence of psychiatric illness, a previous suicide 
attempt, family factors, substance abuse, sexual and physical abuse, disorders 
in gender identity or bullying. Pediatricians have a primary role in searching 
for these risk factors, recognizing them and acting synergistically with other 
specialists to prevent and treat suicidal behavior.Pediatricians should also be 
able to identify the "warning signs" for suicide since their presence implies a 
need for immediate action, as attempted suicide may occur in a few hours or 
days.The use of antidepressant drugs and its association with suicidal risk in 
pediatric age is another topic of ongoing debate. Food and Drug Administration 
has recently introduced the so-called "black box" on antidepressants' packages 
with the aim of gaining attention to the possible risk of suicide among 
adolescents who are treated with antidepressants, with a warning that the risk 
of suicide is higher when starting a therapy or while adjusting its dosage.