Lipids play an important role in the central nervous system (CNS). They 
contribute to the structural integrity and physical characteristics of cell and 
organelle membranes, act as bioactive signalling molecules, and are utilised as 
fuel sources for mitochondrial metabolism. The intricate homeostatic mechanisms 
underpinning lipid handling and metabolism across two major CNS cell types; 
neurons and astrocytes, are integral for cellular health and maintenance. Here, 
we explore the various roles of lipids in these two cell types. Given that 
changes in lipid metabolism have been identified in a number of 
neurodegenerative diseases, we also discuss changes in lipid handling and 
utilisation in the context of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in order to 
identify key cellular processes affected by the disease, and inform future areas 
of research.