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<TITLE>St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador - Wikipedia</TITLE>

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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
				<DIV id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</DIV>				<DIV id="contentSub"></DIV>
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				<DIV id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><DIV class="mw-parser-output"><DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <A href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John, New Brunswick</A>.</DIV>
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<DIV class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada</DIV>
<TABLE class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:23em"><TBODY><TR><TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><SPAN class="fn org">St. John's</SPAN></TH></TR><TR><TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;">
<SPAN class="category"><A href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</A></SPAN></TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-weight:bold;">
City of St. John's</TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
<A href="/wiki/File:St_John%27s_Newfoundland_Collage.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="St John's Newfoundland Collage.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/St_John%27s_Newfoundland_Collage.jpg/300px-St_John%27s_Newfoundland_Collage.jpg" width="300" height="462" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/St_John%27s_Newfoundland_Collage.jpg/450px-St_John%27s_Newfoundland_Collage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/St_John%27s_Newfoundland_Collage.jpg/600px-St_John%27s_Newfoundland_Collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1078" /></A></TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TD colspan="2" class="maptable" style="text-align:center">
<TABLE style="width:100%; background:none;">
<TBODY><TR><TD style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><A href="/wiki/File:St._John%27s,_NL_flag.gif" class="image" title="Flag of St. John's"><IMG alt="Flag of St. John's" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/St._John%27s%2C_NL_flag.gif/100px-St._John%27s%2C_NL_flag.gif" width="100" height="50" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/St._John%27s%2C_NL_flag.gif/150px-St._John%27s%2C_NL_flag.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/St._John%27s%2C_NL_flag.gif/200px-St._John%27s%2C_NL_flag.gif 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></A><BR /><SMALL>Flag</SMALL></TD><TD style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><A href="/wiki/File:City_of_St._John%27s_corporate_logo.svg" class="image" title="Official logo of St. John's"><IMG alt="Official logo of St. John's" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/City_of_St._John%27s_corporate_logo.svg/100px-City_of_St._John%27s_corporate_logo.svg.png" width="100" height="33" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/City_of_St._John%27s_corporate_logo.svg/150px-City_of_St._John%27s_corporate_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/da/City_of_St._John%27s_corporate_logo.svg/200px-City_of_St._John%27s_corporate_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="171" /></A><BR /><SMALL>Logo</SMALL></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
Nickname(s): <SPAN class="nickname"><A href="/wiki/List_of_city_nicknames_in_Canada#Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="List of city nicknames in Canada">"City of Legends", "Newfiejohn", "Sin Jawns", "Town"</A><SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-3">[3]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP></SPAN></TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
Motto(s): <I>Avancez</I> (English: "Go forward")</TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
<A href="/wiki/File:St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_%26_Labrador.png" class="image" title="St John's (red), in relation to nearby communities."><IMG alt="St John's (red), in relation to nearby communities." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland_%26_Labrador.png/250px-St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland_%26_Labrador.png" width="250" height="360" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland_%26_Labrador.png/375px-St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland_%26_Labrador.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland_%26_Labrador.png/500px-St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland_%26_Labrador.png 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="850" /></A><BR /><SMALL>St John's (red), in relation to nearby communities.</SMALL></TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
<DIV class="switcher-container"><DIV class="center"><DIV style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><DIV style="width:250px;padding:0"><DIV style="position:relative;width:250px"><A href="/wiki/File:Canada_Newfoundland_location_map.svg" class="image" title="St. John's is located in Newfoundland"><IMG alt="St. John's is located in Newfoundland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Canada_Newfoundland_location_map.svg/250px-Canada_Newfoundland_location_map.svg.png" width="250" height="286" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Canada_Newfoundland_location_map.svg/375px-Canada_Newfoundland_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Canada_Newfoundland_location_map.svg/500px-Canada_Newfoundland_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="942" /></A><DIV style="position:absolute;top:81.337%;left:91.272%"><DIV style="position:absolute;left:-3px;top:-3px;line-height:0"><IMG alt="St. John's" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" title="St. John's" width="6" height="6" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></DIV><DIV style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;right:4px;text-align:right"><SPAN style="padding:1px;float:right">St. John's</SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV><DIV><SMALL>Location of St. John's in Canada</SMALL></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV><DIV class="center" style="display: none;"><DIV style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><DIV style="width:250px;padding:0"><DIV style="position:relative;width:250px"><A href="/wiki/File:Canada_location_map.svg" class="image" title="St. John's is located in Canada"><IMG alt="St. John's is located in Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Canada_location_map.svg/250px-Canada_location_map.svg.png" width="250" height="212" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Canada_location_map.svg/375px-Canada_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Canada_location_map.svg/500px-Canada_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="920" /></A><DIV style="position:absolute;top:64.962%;left:98.346%"><DIV style="position:absolute;left:-3px;top:-3px;line-height:0"><IMG alt="St. John's" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" title="St. John's" width="6" height="6" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></DIV><DIV style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;right:4px;text-align:right"><SPAN style="padding:1px;float:right">St. John's</SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV><DIV>St. John's (Canada)</DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV><LABEL style="display:block"><INPUT type="radio" name="switcher-0" checked />Show map of Newfoundland</LABEL><LABEL style="display:block"><INPUT type="radio" name="switcher-0" />Show map of Canada</LABEL><LABEL style="display:block"><INPUT type="radio" name="switcher-0" />Show all</LABEL></DIV></TD></TR><TR class="mergedbottomrow"><TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
Coordinates: <SPAN class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><A class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&params=47_33_41_N_52_42_45_W_type:city(108860)_region:CA-NL"><SPAN class="geo-default"><SPAN class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><SPAN class="latitude">47°33′41″N</SPAN> <SPAN class="longitude">52°42′45″W</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="geo-multi-punct"> / </SPAN><SPAN class="geo-nondefault"><SPAN class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.56139°N 52.71250°W</SPAN><SPAN style="display:none"> / <SPAN class="geo">47.56139; -52.71250</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="font-size: small;"><SPAN id="coordinates"><A href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</A>: <SPAN class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><A class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&params=47_33_41_N_52_42_45_W_type:city(108860)_region:CA-NL"><SPAN class="geo-default"><SPAN class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><SPAN class="latitude">47°33′41″N</SPAN> <SPAN class="longitude">52°42′45″W</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="geo-multi-punct"> / </SPAN><SPAN class="geo-nondefault"><SPAN class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.56139°N 52.71250°W</SPAN><SPAN style="display:none"> / <SPAN class="geo">47.56139; -52.71250</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TH scope="row">Country</TH><TD>
<SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</A></TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Canada">Province</A></TH><TD>
<SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/46px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</A></TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Census_divisions_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Census divisions of Newfoundland and Labrador">Census division</A></TH><TD>
<A href="/wiki/Division_1,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Division 1, Newfoundland and Labrador">1</A></TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="History of Newfoundland and Labrador">Historic countries</A></TH><TD>
<SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</A><BR /><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</A><BR /><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</A><BR /><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dominion_of_Newfoundland_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-Dominion_of_Newfoundland_Red_Ensign.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dominion_of_Newfoundland_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-Dominion_of_Newfoundland_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dominion_of_Newfoundland_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-Dominion_of_Newfoundland_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Dominion of Newfoundland</A></TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TH scope="row">Founded</TH><TD>
24 June 1497</TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row">Established</TH><TD>
5 August 1583 by <A href="/wiki/Royal_Prerogative" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Prerogative">Royal Charter</A> of <A href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" title="Elizabeth I of England">Queen Elizabeth I</A></TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row">Incorporated</TH><TD>
1 May 1888</TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Government<SPAN style="font-weight:normal"></SPAN></TH></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • Type</TH><TD>
<A href="/wiki/City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="City Council">City Council</A></TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of mayors of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">Mayor</A></TH><TD>
<A href="/wiki/Danny_Breen" title="Danny Breen">Danny Breen</A></TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • Governing body</TH><TD>
<A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_City_Council" title="St. John's City Council">St. John's City Council</A></TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">MPs</A></TH><TD>
<DIV class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;" id="NavFrame1">
<DIV class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">List of MPs<A class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle1" href="#">[show]</A></DIV>
<UL class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; display: none; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit;"><LI style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><A href="/wiki/Seamus_O%27Regan" title="Seamus O'Regan">Seamus O'Regan</A> (<A href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">L</A>)</LI><LI style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><A href="/wiki/Nick_Whalen" title="Nick Whalen">Nick Whalen</A> (<A href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">L</A>)</LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador_House_of_Assembly" title="Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly">MHAs</A></TH><TD>
<DIV class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;" id="NavFrame2">
<DIV class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">List of MHAs<A class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle2" href="#">[show]</A></DIV>
<UL class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; display: none; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit;"><LI style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><A href="/wiki/Cathy_Bennett" title="Cathy Bennett">Cathy Bennett</A> (<A href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">L</A>)</LI><LI style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><A href="/wiki/Siobh%C3%A1n_Coady" title="Siobhán Coady">Siobhán Coady</A> (<A href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">L</A>)</LI><LI style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><A href="/wiki/Bernard_Davis_(politician)" title="Bernard Davis (politician)">Bernard Davis</A> (<A href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">L</A>)</LI><LI style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><A href="/wiki/Keith_Hutchings" title="Keith Hutchings">Keith Hutchings</A> (<A href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">PC</A>)</LI><LI style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><A href="/wiki/Dale_Kirby" title="Dale Kirby">Dale Kirby</A> (<A href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">L</A>)</LI><LI style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><A href="/wiki/Lorraine_Michael" title="Lorraine Michael">Lorraine Michael</A> (<A href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">NDP</A>)</LI><LI style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><A href="/wiki/Tom_Osborne_(Canadian_politician)" title="Tom Osborne (Canadian politician)">Tom Osborne</A> (<A href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">L</A>)</LI><LI style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><A href="/wiki/Gerry_Rogers" title="Gerry Rogers">Gerry Rogers</A> (<A href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">NDP</A>)</LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Area<SPAN style="font-weight:normal"><SUP id="cite_ref-statcan2011_5-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-statcan2011-5">[5]</A></SUP></SPAN></TH></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</A></TH><TD>
446.06 km<SUP>2</SUP> (172.2 sq mi)</TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • Urban<SPAN style="font-weight:normal"></SPAN></TH><TD>
166.0 km<SUP>2</SUP> (64.1 sq mi)</TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • Metro<SPAN style="font-weight:normal"></SPAN></TH><TD>
804.63 km<SUP>2</SUP> (310.7 sq mi)</TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TH scope="row">Elevation<SPAN style="font-weight:normal"></SPAN></TH><TD>
0–192 m (0–630 ft)</TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Population <SPAN style="font-weight:normal">(<A href="/wiki/Canada_2016_Census" title="Canada 2016 Census">2016 census</A><SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP>)</SPAN></TH></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</A></TH><TD>
108,860</TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • Density</TH><TD>
244.1/km<SUP>2</SUP> (632.1/sq mi)</TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</A><SPAN style="font-weight:normal"></SPAN></TH><TD>
178,427</TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • Urban density</TH><TD>
1,074.9/km<SUP>2</SUP> (2,784/sq mi)</TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</A><SPAN style="font-weight:normal"></SPAN></TH><TD>
205,955</TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> • Metro density</TH><TD>
255.9/km<SUP>2</SUP> (663/sq mi)</TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"> </TH><TD>
<SMALL><A href="/wiki/List_of_the_100_largest_metropolitan_areas_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada">20th Largest metropolitan area in Canada</A></SMALL></TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</A></TH><TD>
<A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Time_Zone" title="Newfoundland Time Zone">NST</A> (<A href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9203:30" title="UTC−03:30">UTC−03:30</A>)</TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"><SPAN style="white-space:nowrap"> • Summer (<A href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</A>)</SPAN></TH><TD>
<A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Time_Zone" title="Newfoundland Time Zone">NDT</A> (<A href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9202:30" title="UTC−02:30">UTC−02:30</A>)</TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/List_of_A_postal_codes_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of A postal codes of Canada">Postal code</A></TH><TD class="adr">
<SPAN class="postal-code">A1A–A1H</SPAN></TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</A></TH><TD>
<A href="/wiki/Area_code_709" title="Area code 709">709</A></TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/National_Topographic_System" title="National Topographic System">NTS</A> Map</TH><TD>
001N10</TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Geographical_Names_Board_of_Canada" title="Geographical Names Board of Canada">GNBC</A> Code</TH><TD>
ABEFS<SUP id="cite_ref-GNBC_7-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-GNBC-7">[7]</A></SUP></TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row">Dwellings</TH><TD>
47,640 (2016)<SUP id="cite_ref-community_profile_8-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-community_profile-8">[8]</A></SUP></TD></TR><TR class="mergedrow"><TH scope="row">Median income</TH><TD>
$75,930 <A href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CDN</A><SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP></TD></TR><TR class="mergedtoprow"><TH scope="row">Website</TH><TD>
<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohns.ca/">www.stjohns.ca</A></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P><B>St. John's</B> is the capital and largest city in <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</A>. It is on the eastern tip of the <A href="/wiki/Avalon_Peninsula" title="Avalon Peninsula">Avalon Peninsula</A> on the large Canadian island, <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_10-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-10">[10]</A></SUP> The city spans 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is North America's easternmost city.<SUP id="cite_ref-Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation_11-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation-11">[11]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-heritage.nf.ca_12-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-heritage.nf.ca-12">[12]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-kiosk_13-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-kiosk-13">[13]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-oldest_city_14-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-oldest_city-14">[14]</A></SUP>
</P><P>Its name has been attributed to the Nativity of <A href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</A>, when <A href="/wiki/John_Cabot" title="John Cabot">John Cabot</A> was believed to have sailed into the harbour in 1497 and to a Basque fishing town with the same name. Existing on maps as early as 1519, it is one of the oldest European settlements in North America. It was officially incorporated as a city in 1888. With a metropolitan population of approximately 219,207 (as of July 1, 2017), the <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Metropolitan Area">St. John's Metropolitan Area</A> is Canada's <A href="/wiki/List_of_the_100_largest_metropolitan_areas_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada">20th largest metropolitan area</A> and the second largest <A href="/wiki/Census_geographic_units_of_Canada" title="Census geographic units of Canada">Census Metropolitan Area</A> (CMA) in <A href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</A>, after <A href="/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Regional Municipality">Halifax</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-2017_population_estimates_15-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2017_population_estimates-15">[15]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-16">[16]</A></SUP>
</P><P>The city has a rich history, having played a role in the <A href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</A>, the <A href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</A>, and the <A href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</A>. Italian inventor <A href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</A> received the first transatlantic wireless signal in St. John's.<SUP id="cite_ref-Belrose_17-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Belrose-17">[17]</A></SUP> Its history and culture have made it into an important tourist destination.<SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP>
</P>
<DIV id="toc" class="toc"><INPUT type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><DIV class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><H2>Contents</H2><SPAN class="toctogglespan"><LABEL class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></LABEL></SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#History"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">History</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><A href="#Early_history_(1500–1799)"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Early history (1500–1799)</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><A href="#The_oldest_European_settlement_in_North_America_controversy"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">The oldest European settlement in North America controversy</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><A href="#Modern_history_(1800–present)"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Modern history (1800–present)</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#Geography"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Geography</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><A href="#Climate"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Climate</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><A href="#Cityscape"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Cityscape</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><A href="#Demographics"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Demographics</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><A href="#Religion"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Religion</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><A href="#Economy"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Economy</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><A href="#Culture"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Culture</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><A href="#Museums"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Museums</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><A href="#National_Historic_Sites"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">National Historic Sites</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><A href="#Urban_parks"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Urban parks</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><A href="#Sports"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Sports</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><A href="#Hockey"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Hockey</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><A href="#Other_sports"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Other sports</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><A href="#Law_and_government"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Law and government</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><A href="#Crime"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Crime</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><A href="#Infrastructure"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Infrastructure</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><A href="#Transportation"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Transportation</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><A href="#Medical_centres_and_hospitals"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Medical centres and hospitals</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><A href="#Education"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Education</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><A href="#Local_media"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Local media</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><A href="#Notable_people"><SPAN class="tocnumber">12</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Notable people</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><A href="#Sister_cities"><SPAN class="tocnumber">13</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Sister cities</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">14</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">15</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><A href="#Notes"><SPAN class="tocnumber">15.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Notes</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><A href="#Bibliography"><SPAN class="tocnumber">15.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Bibliography</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">16</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>

<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="History">History</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <A href="/wiki/Timeline_of_St._John%27s_history" title="Timeline of St. John's history">Timeline of St. John's history</A></DIV>
<H3><SPAN id="Early_history_.281500.E2.80.931799.29"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Early_history_(1500–1799)">Early history (1500–1799)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history (1500–1799)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>St. John's is one of North America's oldest European settlements, with fishermen setting up seasonal camps in the early 16th century.<SUP id="cite_ref-oldest_city_14-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-oldest_city-14">[14]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Sebastian_Cabot_(explorer)" title="Sebastian Cabot (explorer)">Sebastian Cabot</A> declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map,<SUP id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-19">[19]</A></SUP> that St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer <A href="/wiki/John_Cabot" title="John Cabot">John Cabot</A> became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497),<SUP id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-20">[20]</A></SUP> the feast day of Saint <A href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-heritage.nf.ca_12-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-heritage.nf.ca-12">[12]</A></SUP> However, the locations of Cabot's landfalls are disputed.<SUP id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-21">[21]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-22">[22]</A></SUP> A series of expeditions to St. John's by Portuguese from the Azores took place in the early 16th century, and by 1540 French, <A href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spanish</A> and <A href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</A> ships crossed the Atlantic annually to fish the waters off the Avalon Peninsula. In the <A href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</A>, it is a common belief the name of St. John's was given by Basque fishermen because the bay of St. John's is very similar to the Bay of <A href="/wiki/Pasaia" title="Pasaia">Pasaia</A> in the Basque Country, where one of the fishing towns is called St. John (in Spanish, San Juan, and in <A href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</A>, Donibane).<SUP id="cite_ref-kiosk_13-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-kiosk-13">[13]</A></SUP>
</P><P>The earliest record of the location appears as <I>São João</I> on a Portuguese map by <A href="/wiki/Pedro_Reinel" title="Pedro Reinel">Pedro Reinel</A> in 1519. When <A href="/wiki/John_Rut" title="John Rut">John Rut</A> visited St. John's in 1527 he found <A href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</A>, <A href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Breton</A> and Portuguese ships in the harbour. On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of his voyage to North America; this was the first known letter sent from North America. St. Jehan is shown on Nicolas Desliens' world map of 1541 and San Joham is found in João Freire's Atlas of 1546.<SUP id="cite_ref-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's_23-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's-23">[23]</A></SUP>
</P><P>On 5 August 1583, an English <A href="/wiki/Sea_Dogs" title="Sea Dogs">Sea Dog</A>, Sir <A href="/wiki/Humphrey_Gilbert" title="Humphrey Gilbert">Humphrey Gilbert</A> claimed the area as England's first overseas colony under <A href="/wiki/Royal_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Charter">Royal Charter</A> of <A href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" title="Elizabeth I of England">Queen Elizabeth I</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Gilbert_24-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Gilbert-24">[24]</A></SUP> There was no permanent population, however, and Gilbert was lost at sea during his return voyage, thereby ending any immediate plans for settlement.<SUP id="cite_ref-kiosk_13-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-kiosk-13">[13]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_National_War_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland National War Memorial">Newfoundland National War Memorial</A> is on the waterfront in St. John's, at the purported site of Gilbert's landing and proclamation.
</P><P>By 1620, the fishermen of England's <A href="/wiki/West_Country" title="West Country">West Country</A> controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast.<SUP id="cite_ref-Brief_History_25-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Brief_History-25">[25]</A></SUP> In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country."
</P><P>Sometime after 1630, the town of St. John's was established as a permanent community.<SUP id="cite_ref-Higgins_26-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Higgins-26">[26]</A></SUP> Before this they were expressly forbidden by the English government, at the urging of the West Country fishing industry, from establishing permanent settlements along the English controlled coast.
</P><P>The population grew slowly in the 17th century: St. John's was Newfoundland's largest settlement when English naval officers began to take censuses around 1675.<SUP id="cite_ref-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's_23-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's-23">[23]</A></SUP> The population grew in the summers with the arrival of migratory fishermen.<SUP id="cite_ref-kiosk_13-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-kiosk-13">[13]</A></SUP> In 1680, fishing ships (mostly from South <A href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</A>) set up fishing rooms at St. John's, bringing hundreds of Irish men into the port to operate inshore fishing boats.<SUP id="cite_ref-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's_23-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's-23">[23]</A></SUP>
</P><P>The town's first significant defenses were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the <A href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch</A> admiral <A href="/wiki/Michiel_de_Ruyter" title="Michiel de Ruyter">Michiel de Ruyter</A> in June 1665.
</P><P>The inhabitants fended off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when it was defended by Christopher Martin, an English merchant captain. Martin landed six cannons from his vessel, the <I>Elias Andrews</I>, and constructed an earthen breastwork and battery near Chain Rock commanding the Narrows leading into the harbour. With only 23 men, the valiant Martin beat off an attack by three Dutch warships. The English government planned to expand these fortifications (<A href="/wiki/Fort_William,_Newfoundland" title="Fort William, Newfoundland">Fort William</A>) in around 1689, but construction didn't begin until after the French admiral <A href="/wiki/Pierre_Le_Moyne_d%27Iberville" title="Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville">Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville</A> captured and destroyed the town in the <A href="/wiki/Avalon_Peninsula_Campaign" title="Avalon Peninsula Campaign">Avalon Peninsula Campaign</A> (1696). When 1500 English reinforcements arrived in late 1697, they found rubble where the town and fortifications had stood.
</P>
<DIV class="thumb tleft"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Vue_de_la_descente_a_Terre_Neuve_par_le_chevalier_de_Ternay_en_1762.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Vue_de_la_descente_a_Terre_Neuve_par_le_chevalier_de_Ternay_en_1762.jpg/220px-Vue_de_la_descente_a_Terre_Neuve_par_le_chevalier_de_Ternay_en_1762.jpg" width="220" height="164" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Vue_de_la_descente_a_Terre_Neuve_par_le_chevalier_de_Ternay_en_1762.jpg/330px-Vue_de_la_descente_a_Terre_Neuve_par_le_chevalier_de_Ternay_en_1762.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Vue_de_la_descente_a_Terre_Neuve_par_le_chevalier_de_Ternay_en_1762.jpg/440px-Vue_de_la_descente_a_Terre_Neuve_par_le_chevalier_de_Ternay_en_1762.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1466" data-file-height="1095" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Vue_de_la_descente_a_Terre_Neuve_par_le_chevalier_de_Ternay_en_1762.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>In 1762, the British and French fought in the <A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Signal_Hill" title="Battle of Signal Hill">Battle of Signal Hill</A>. It was the last battle of the North American theatre in the <A href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>The French attacked St. John's again in 1705 (<A href="/wiki/Siege_of_St._John%27s" title="Siege of St. John's">Siege of St. John's</A>), and captured it in 1708 (<A href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._John%27s" title="Battle of St. John's">Battle of St. John's</A>), devastating civilian structures with fire on each instance.<SUP id="cite_ref-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's_23-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's-23">[23]</A></SUP>
The harbour remained fortified through most of the 18th and 19th centuries.<SUP id="cite_ref-kiosk_13-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-kiosk-13">[13]</A></SUP> The final battle of the <A href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</A> in North America (the <A href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</A>) was fought in 1762, in St. John's.<SUP id="cite_ref-kiosk_13-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-kiosk-13">[13]</A></SUP> Following a surprise capture of the town by the French early in the year, the British responded and, at the <A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Signal_Hill" title="Battle of Signal Hill">Battle of Signal Hill</A>, the French surrendered St. John's to British forces under the command of <A href="/wiki/William_Amherst_(British_Army_officer)" title="William Amherst (British Army officer)">Colonel William Amherst</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's_23-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's-23">[23]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-27">[27]</A></SUP>
</P><P>In the late 1700s <A href="/wiki/Fort_Amherst,_St._John%27s" title="Fort Amherst, St. John's">Fort Amherst</A> and <A href="/wiki/Fort_Waldegrave,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Fort Waldegrave, Newfoundland and Labrador">Fort Waldegrave</A> were built to defend the harbour entrance.<SUP id="cite_ref-FT_28-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FT-28">[28]</A></SUP>
</P>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="The_oldest_European_settlement_in_North_America_controversy">The oldest European settlement in North America controversy</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The oldest European settlement in North America controversy">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P>There has been some controversy regarding which European settlement is the oldest in North America. As mentioned above, while English fishermen had set up seasonal camps in St. John's in the 16th century, they were expressly forbidden by the English government, at the urging of the West Country fishing industry, from establishing permanent settlements along the English-controlled coast. As a result, the town of St. John's was not established as a 'permanent' community until after the 1630s.<SUP id="cite_ref-Higgins_26-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Higgins-26">[26]</A></SUP> With respect to the oldest surviving permanent <A href="/wiki/Colonial_empire_of_the_Kingdom_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial empire of the Kingdom of England">English settlements</A> in North America, it was preceded by <A href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown, Virginia</A> (1607),<SUP id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-29">[29]</A></SUP> the <A href="/wiki/Cuper%27s_Cove,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador">Cuper's Cove</A> colony at <A href="/wiki/Cupids,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupids, Newfoundland and Labrador">Cupids</A> (1610), <A href="/wiki/St._George%27s,_Bermuda" title="St. George's, Bermuda">St. George's, Bermuda</A> (1612)<SUP id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-30">[30]</A></SUP> and the <A href="/wiki/Subdivision_1I,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador#Bristol's_Hope" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivision 1I, Newfoundland and Labrador">Bristol's Hope</A> colony at <A href="/wiki/Harbour_Grace" title="Harbour Grace">Harbour Grace</A> (1618).<SUP id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-31">[31]</A></SUP>
</P>
<H3><SPAN id="Modern_history_.281800.E2.80.93present.29"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Modern_history_(1800–present)">Modern history (1800–present)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern history (1800–present)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/United_Irish_Uprising_in_Newfoundland" title="United Irish Uprising in Newfoundland">United Irish Uprising</A> began with rumours in April 1800 that as many as 400 men took a secret oath of the <A href="/wiki/Society_of_United_Irishmen" title="Society of United Irishmen">Society of United Irishmen</A> and rebelled against the <A href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-UIU_32-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-UIU-32">[32]</A></SUP>
</P><P>The 18th century saw major changes in Newfoundland: population growth, beginnings of government, establishment of churches, reinforcement of commercial ties with North America and development of the seal, salmon and <A href="/wiki/Grand_Banks_of_Newfoundland" title="Grand Banks of Newfoundland">Grand Banks</A> fisheries. St. John's population grew slowly. Although it was primarily a fishing station, it was also a <A href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</A>, a centre of government and a commercial hub. St. John's served as a naval base during the <A href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</A> and the <A href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's_23-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's-23">[23]</A></SUP>
</P>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_1892.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_1892.jpg/220px-Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_1892.jpg" width="220" height="124" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_1892.jpg/330px-Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_1892.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_1892.jpg/440px-Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_1892.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="360" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_1892.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>St. John's shortly after the <A href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_1892" title="Great Fire of 1892">Great Fire of 1892</A>. The fire destroyed a significant portion of the city.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>The core of the city was destroyed by fire several times, the most famous of which was the <A href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_1892" title="Great Fire of 1892">Great Fire of 1892</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-City_of_Fire_33-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-City_of_Fire-33">[33]</A></SUP>
</P><P><A href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</A> received the first transatlantic wireless signal in St. John's on 12 December 1901 from his wireless station in <A href="/wiki/Poldhu" title="Poldhu">Poldhu</A>, Cornwall.<SUP id="cite_ref-Belrose_17-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Belrose-17">[17]</A></SUP> St. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by <A href="/wiki/Alcock_and_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcock and Brown">Alcock and Brown</A> in a modified <A href="/wiki/Vickers_Vimy" title="Vickers Vimy">Vickers Vimy</A> IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near <A href="/wiki/Clifden" title="Clifden">Clifden</A>, <A href="/wiki/Connemara" title="Connemara">Connemara</A>, Ireland.<SUP id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-34">[34]</A></SUP> In July 2005, the flight was duplicated by American aviator and adventurer <A href="/wiki/Steve_Fossett" title="Steve Fossett">Steve Fossett</A> in a replica Vickers Vimy aircraft, with <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_International_Airport" title="St. John's International Airport">St. John's International Airport</A> substituting for Lester's Field (now an urban and residential part of the city).<SUP id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-35">[35]</A></SUP>
</P><P>During the <A href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Second World War</A>, the harbour supported <A href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</A> and <A href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</A> ships that were engaged in <A href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine warfare</A>. It was the site of an <A href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">American Army Air Force</A> base, <A href="/wiki/Pepperrell_Air_Force_Base" title="Pepperrell Air Force Base">Fort Pepperrell</A>, that was established as part of the "<A href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</A>" <A href="/wiki/Destroyers_for_Bases_Agreement" title="Destroyers for Bases Agreement">Destroyers for Bases Agreement</A> between the United Kingdom and United States.<SUP id="cite_ref-kiosk_13-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-kiosk-13">[13]</A></SUP> The base included several US-manned <A href="/wiki/Harbor_Defenses_of_Argentia_and_St._John%27s" title="Harbor Defenses of Argentia and St. John's">coast defence guns</A>, and a Canadian-manned battery of two Lend-Lease <A href="/wiki/10-inch_gun_M1888" class="mw-redirect" title="10-inch gun M1888">10-inch M1888 guns</A> was at Fort <A href="/wiki/Cape_Spear" title="Cape Spear">Cape Spear</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-36">[36]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-37">[37]</A></SUP> The base was transferred to Canadian control in 1960 and is now known as <A href="/wiki/CFS_St._John%27s" title="CFS St. John's">CFS St. John's</A>. The <A href="/wiki/Knights_of_Columbus_Hostel_fire" title="Knights of Columbus Hostel fire">Knights of Columbus Hostel fire</A> in December 1942 saw 99 military and civilian lives lost.<SUP id="cite_ref-LastDance_38-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-LastDance-38">[38]</A></SUP>
</P><P>St. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the <A href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Atlantic_northwest_cod_fishery" title="Collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery">collapse</A> of the northern <A href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">cod fishery</A>, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years.<SUP id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-39">[39]</A></SUP> After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's proximity to the <A href="/wiki/Hibernia_oil_field" title="Hibernia oil field">Hibernia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_oil_field" title="Terra Nova oil field">Terra Nova</A> and <A href="/wiki/White_Rose_oil_field" title="White Rose oil field">White Rose</A> <A href="/wiki/Oil_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil fields">oil fields</A> led to an <A href="/wiki/Economic_boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic boom">economic boom</A> that spurred population growth and commercial development. As a result, the St. John's area now accounts for about half of the province's <A href="/wiki/Economic_output" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic output">economic output</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-40">[40]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-41">[41]</A></SUP>
</P><P>As of 2012, St. John's contained 21 <A href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Newfoundland and Labrador">National Historic Sites of Canada</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-42">[42]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-43">[43]</A></SUP>
</P>
<DIV class="thumb noresize tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:auto; max-width:1008px;">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style=""><DIV class="overflowbugx" style="overflow:auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador,_Canada.jpg" class="image" title="Downtown St. John's from Signal Hill"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador%2C_Canada.jpg/1000px-St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador%2C_Canada.jpg" width="1000" height="237" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador%2C_Canada.jpg/1500px-St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador%2C_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador%2C_Canada.jpg/2000px-St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador%2C_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13239" data-file-height="3141" /></A></DIV><DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador,_Canada.jpg" title="File:St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.jpg"> </A></DIV><A href="/wiki/Downtown_St._John%27s" title="Downtown St. John's">Downtown St. John's</A> from <A href="/wiki/Signal_Hill,_St._John%27s" title="Signal Hill, St. John's">Signal Hill</A></DIV>
</DIV></DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Geography">Geography</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:StJohns_Newfoundland_ViewfromSignalHill.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/StJohns_Newfoundland_ViewfromSignalHill.jpg/220px-StJohns_Newfoundland_ViewfromSignalHill.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/StJohns_Newfoundland_ViewfromSignalHill.jpg/330px-StJohns_Newfoundland_ViewfromSignalHill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/StJohns_Newfoundland_ViewfromSignalHill.jpg/440px-StJohns_Newfoundland_ViewfromSignalHill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:StJohns_Newfoundland_ViewfromSignalHill.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>Located on the northeast coast of the Avalon Peninsula, St. John's is North America's most easterly city.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>St. John's is along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland.<SUP id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_10-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-10">[10]</A></SUP> The city covers 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is North America's most easterly city, excluding <A href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</A>;<SUP id="cite_ref-Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation_11-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation-11">[11]</A></SUP> it is 475 kilometres (295 mi) closer to London, England than it is to <A href="/wiki/Edmonton,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton, Alberta">Edmonton, Alberta</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-distancecalculator_44-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-distancecalculator-44">[44]</A></SUP> The city of St. John's is a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from <A href="/wiki/Lorient" title="Lorient">Lorient</A>, France which lies on a nearly identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after <A href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax, Nova Scotia</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-45">[45]</A></SUP> Its <A href="/wiki/Downtown_St._John%27s" title="Downtown St. John's">downtown</A> area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west.
</P><P>Coniferous trees such as <A href="/wiki/Black_spruce" class="mw-redirect" title="Black spruce">black spruce</A>, <A href="/wiki/White_spruce" title="White spruce">white spruce</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Balsam_fir" class="mw-redirect" title="Balsam fir">balsam fir</A> dominate the native vegetation. The largest deciduous tree is <A href="/wiki/White_birch" class="mw-redirect" title="White birch">white birch</A>; species of lesser stature include <A href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">alder</A>, <A href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherry</A> and mountain ash. Of introduced tree species, <A href="/wiki/Sycamore_maple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sycamore maple">sycamore maple</A> is most abundant and <A href="/wiki/Norway_maple" class="mw-redirect" title="Norway maple">Norway maple</A> is common. <A href="/wiki/Blue_spruce" title="Blue spruce">Blue spruce</A>, <A href="/wiki/Aesculus_hippocastanum" title="Aesculus hippocastanum">common horsechestnut</A>, <A href="/wiki/European_beech" class="mw-redirect" title="European beech">European beech</A> and <A href="/wiki/Tilia_cordata" title="Tilia cordata">littleleaf linden</A> are among the other non-native species grown.<SUP id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-46">[46]</A></SUP>
</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Climate">Climate</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:The_Battery,_St._John%27s_Nfld._-_panoramio.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_Battery%2C_St._John%27s_Nfld._-_panoramio.jpg/220px-The_Battery%2C_St._John%27s_Nfld._-_panoramio.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_Battery%2C_St._John%27s_Nfld._-_panoramio.jpg/330px-The_Battery%2C_St._John%27s_Nfld._-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_Battery%2C_St._John%27s_Nfld._-_panoramio.jpg/440px-The_Battery%2C_St._John%27s_Nfld._-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:The_Battery,_St._John%27s_Nfld._-_panoramio.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>Fog settling over <A href="/wiki/The_Battery,_St._John%27s" title="The Battery, St. John's">The Battery</A>, a neighbourhood in St. John's, the <A href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">foggiest</A> city in Canada.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>St. John's has a <A href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</A> (<A href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</A> <I>Dfb</I>), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to <A href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</A> moderation.
</P><P>Despite this maritime moderation, average January maximum temperatures are slightly lower in St. John's than in <A href="/wiki/Kelowna" title="Kelowna">Kelowna</A>, <A href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</A>, an inland city that is near the more marine air of the <A href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</A>, demonstrating the cold nature of Eastern Canada. Mean temperatures range from −4.9 °C (23.2 °F) in February to 16.1 °C (61.0 °F) in August, showing somewhat of a seasonal lag in the climate. The city is also one of the areas of the country most prone to tropical cyclone activity, as it is bordered by the <A href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</A> to the east, where tropical storms (and sometimes hurricanes) travel from the United States. The city is one of the rainiest in Canada outside of coastal British Columbia. This is partly due to its propensity for tropical storm activity as well as moist, Atlantic air frequently blowing ashore and creating precipitation.
</P><P>Of major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days),<SUP id="cite_ref-Foggiest_location_47-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Foggiest_location-47">[47]</A></SUP> windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed),<SUP id="cite_ref-Windiest_location_year-round_48-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Windiest_location_year-round-48">[48]</A></SUP> and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine).<SUP id="cite_ref-Cloudiest_skies_year-round_49-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Cloudiest_skies_year-round-49">[49]</A></SUP> Precipitation is frequent and often heavy, falling year round. On average, summer is the driest season, with only occasional thunderstorm activity, and the wettest months are from October to January, with December the wettest single month, with nearly 165 millimetres of precipitation on average. This winter precipitation maximum is unusual for humid continental climates, which typically have a late spring or early summer precipitation maximum (for example, most of the Midwestern U.S.). Most heavy precipitation events in St. John's are the product of intense mid-latitude storms from the Northeastern U.S. and New England states, and these are most common and intense from October to March, bringing heavy precipitation (commonly 4 to 8 centimetres of rainfall equivalent in a single storm), and strong winds.
</P><P>In winter, two or more types of precipitation (rain, freezing rain, sleet and snow) can fall from passage of a single storm. Snowfall is heavy, averaging nearly 335 centimetres per winter season. However, winter storms can bring changing precipitation types. Heavy snow can turn into heavy rain, melting the snow cover, and possibly back to snow or ice (perhaps briefly) all in the same storm, resulting in little or no net snow accumulation. Snow cover in St. John's is variable, and especially early in the winter season, may be slow to develop, but can extend well into the spring months (March, April). The St. John's area is subject to freezing rain events (called "silver thaws"), the worst of which paralyzed the city in April 1984 and April 2017.
</P><P>The highest temperature ever recorded in St. John's was 33.9 °C (93 °F) on 14 August 1876.<SUP id="cite_ref-August_1876_50-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-August_1876-50">[50]</A></SUP> The coldest temperature ever recorded was −29.4 °C (−21 °F) on 16 February 1875.<SUP id="cite_ref-February_1875_51-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-February_1875-51">[51]</A></SUP>
</P>
<TABLE class="wikitable collapsible collapsed mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible" style="width:90%; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;">

<TBODY><TR>
<TH colspan="14"><SPAN class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" role="button" tabindex="0"><A class="mw-collapsible-text">show</A></SPAN>Climate data for <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_International_Airport" title="St. John's International Airport">St. John's International Airport</A>, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1874–present<SUP id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-54">[a]</A></SUP>
</TH></TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row">Month
</TH>
<TH scope="col">Jan
</TH>
<TH scope="col">Feb
</TH>
<TH scope="col">Mar
</TH>
<TH scope="col">Apr
</TH>
<TH scope="col">May
</TH>
<TH scope="col">Jun
</TH>
<TH scope="col">Jul
</TH>
<TH scope="col">Aug
</TH>
<TH scope="col">Sep
</TH>
<TH scope="col">Oct
</TH>
<TH scope="col">Nov
</TH>
<TH scope="col">Dec
</TH>
<TH scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year
</TH></TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high <A href="/wiki/Humidex" title="Humidex">humidex</A>
</TH>
<TD style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;">19.2
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;">17.3
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;">17.2
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;">26.1
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;">29.5
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;">34.8
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF;">38.5
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;">37.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;">35.8
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;">29.8
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;">23.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;">20.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">38.5
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F)
</TH>
<TD style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;">15.7<BR /> (60.3)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;">16.0<BR /> (60.8)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;">19.4<BR /> (66.9)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;">24.1<BR /> (75.4)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;">27.2<BR /> (81)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;">30.6<BR /> (87.1)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;">32.2<BR /> (90)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;">33.9<BR /> (93)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;">29.5<BR /> (85.1)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;">24.6<BR /> (76.3)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;">19.4<BR /> (66.9)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;">17.9<BR /> (64.2)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">33.9<BR /> (93)
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average high °C (°F)
</TH>
<TD style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;">−0.8<BR /> (30.6)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;">−1.1<BR /> (30)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;">1.0<BR /> (33.8)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;">5.6<BR /> (42.1)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;">11.1<BR /> (52)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;">15.8<BR /> (60.4)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;">20.7<BR /> (69.3)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;">20.5<BR /> (68.9)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;">16.5<BR /> (61.7)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;">10.8<BR /> (51.4)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;">6.4<BR /> (43.5)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;">1.8<BR /> (35.2)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">9.0<BR /> (48.2)
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F)
</TH>
<TD style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;">−4.5<BR /> (23.9)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;">−4.9<BR /> (23.2)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;">−2.6<BR /> (27.3)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;">1.9<BR /> (35.4)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;">6.4<BR /> (43.5)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;">10.9<BR /> (51.6)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;">15.8<BR /> (60.4)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;">16.1<BR /> (61)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;">12.4<BR /> (54.3)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;">7.4<BR /> (45.3)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;">3.0<BR /> (37.4)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;">−1.5<BR /> (29.3)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">5.0<BR /> (41)
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average low °C (°F)
</TH>
<TD style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;">−8.2<BR /> (17.2)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;">−8.6<BR /> (16.5)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;">−6.1<BR /> (21)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;">−1.9<BR /> (28.6)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;">1.7<BR /> (35.1)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;">5.9<BR /> (42.6)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;">10.9<BR /> (51.6)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;">11.6<BR /> (52.9)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;">8.2<BR /> (46.8)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;">3.9<BR /> (39)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;">−0.3<BR /> (31.5)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;">−4.7<BR /> (23.5)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">1.0<BR /> (33.8)
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F)
</TH>
<TD style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;">−28.3<BR /> (−18.9)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;">−29.4<BR /> (−20.9)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;">−25.6<BR /> (−14.1)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;">−18.3<BR /> (−0.9)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;">−6.7<BR /> (19.9)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;">−3.3<BR /> (26.1)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;">−1.1<BR /> (30)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;">0.5<BR /> (32.9)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;">−1.7<BR /> (28.9)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;">−5.6<BR /> (21.9)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;">−14.4<BR /> (6.1)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;">−20.0<BR /> (−4)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">−29.4<BR /> (−20.9)
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low <A href="/wiki/Wind_chill" title="Wind chill">wind chill</A>
</TH>
<TD style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;">−35.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #0D0DFF; color:#FFFFFF;">−40.3
</TD>
<TD style="background: #0D0DFF; color:#FFFFFF;">−40.3
</TD>
<TD style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;">−21.4
</TD>
<TD style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;">−14.2
</TD>
<TD style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;">−7.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;">−3.4
</TD>
<TD style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;">0.0
</TD>
<TD style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;">−4.4
</TD>
<TD style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;">−11.8
</TD>
<TD style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;">−24.6
</TD>
<TD style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;">−34.3
</TD>
<TD style="background: #0D0DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">−40.3
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <A href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</A> mm (inches)
</TH>
<TD style="background: #20FF20; color:#000000;">149.2<BR /> (5.874)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #2BFF2B; color:#000000;">129.5<BR /> (5.098)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #2BFF2B; color:#000000;">142.2<BR /> (5.598)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;">122.9<BR /> (4.839)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000;">102.6<BR /> (4.039)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;">97.6<BR /> (3.843)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;">91.6<BR /> (3.606)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #69FF69; color:#000000;">100.0<BR /> (3.937)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #37FF37; color:#000000;">129.6<BR /> (5.102)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #16FF16; color:#000000;">156.2<BR /> (6.15)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #1AFF1A; color:#000000;">148.1<BR /> (5.831)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #09FF09; color:#000000;">164.8<BR /> (6.488)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #3CFF3C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">1,534.2<BR /> (60.402)
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches)
</TH>
<TD style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;">66.0<BR /> (2.598)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;">61.6<BR /> (2.425)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;">84.8<BR /> (3.339)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;">96.1<BR /> (3.783)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #6DFF6D; color:#000000;">97.9<BR /> (3.854)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;">97.5<BR /> (3.839)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;">91.6<BR /> (3.606)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #69FF69; color:#000000;">100.0<BR /> (3.937)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #37FF37; color:#000000;">129.6<BR /> (5.102)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #19FF19; color:#000000;">153.7<BR /> (6.051)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #3EFF3E; color:#000000;">124.8<BR /> (4.913)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;">102.9<BR /> (4.051)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">1,206.4<BR /> (47.496)
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches)
</TH>
<TD style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;">88.7<BR /> (34.92)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;">71.0<BR /> (27.95)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;">57.3<BR /> (22.56)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #007800; color:#FFFFFF;">25.3<BR /> (9.96)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;">4.4<BR /> (1.73)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0<BR /> (0)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0<BR /> (0)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0<BR /> (0)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0<BR /> (0)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #DBFFDB; color:#000000;">2.4<BR /> (0.94)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #00A500; color:#FFFFFF;">22.4<BR /> (8.82)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;">63.4<BR /> (24.96)
</TD>
<TD style="background: #005600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">335.0<BR /> (131.89)
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <SPAN style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 mm)</SPAN>
</TH>
<TD style="background: #0000F1; color:#FFFFFF;">21.8
</TD>
<TD style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF;">18.5
</TD>
<TD style="background: #0D0DFF; color:#FFFFFF;">19.6
</TD>
<TD style="background: #2222FF; color:#FFFFFF;">17.3
</TD>
<TD style="background: #3232FF; color:#FFFFFF;">16.6
</TD>
<TD style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;">14.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;">13.6
</TD>
<TD style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;">13.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;">15.5
</TD>
<TD style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;">18.6
</TD>
<TD style="background: #0303FF; color:#FFFFFF;">19.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;">22.0
</TD>
<TD style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">211.7
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <SPAN style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 mm)</SPAN>
</TH>
<TD style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;">9.3
</TD>
<TD style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;">8.6
</TD>
<TD style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;">11.0
</TD>
<TD style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;">13.9
</TD>
<TD style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;">15.9
</TD>
<TD style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;">14.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;">13.6
</TD>
<TD style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;">13.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;">15.5
</TD>
<TD style="background: #1F1FFF; color:#FFFFFF;">18.1
</TD>
<TD style="background: #3636FF; color:#FFFFFF;">15.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;">12.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">162.6
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <SPAN style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 cm)</SPAN>
</TH>
<TD style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;">18.3
</TD>
<TD style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;">14.6
</TD>
<TD style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;">13.3
</TD>
<TD style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;">7.0
</TD>
<TD style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;">2.1
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;">0.07
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0
</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0
</TD>
<TD style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;">1.4
</TD>
<TD style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;">7.6
</TD>
<TD style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;">14.6
</TD>
<TD style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">78.9
</TD></TR>

<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <A href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</A>
</TH>
<TD style="background: #777777; color:#FFFFFF;">65.5
</TD>
<TD style="background: #ACAC99; color:#000000;">90.2
</TD>
<TD style="background: #B0B082; color:#000000;">107.4
</TD>
<TD style="background: #C1C11B; color:#000000;">140.4
</TD>
<TD style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;">176.3
</TD>
<TD style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;">198.9
</TD>
<TD style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;">216.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;">206.6
</TD>
<TD style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;">170.5
</TD>
<TD style="background: #B7B75A; color:#000000;">122.1
</TD>
<TD style="background: #909090; color:#FFFFFF;">76.3
</TD>
<TD style="background: #727272; color:#FFFFFF;">62.4
</TD>
<TD style="background: #BEBE2C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">1,633.2
</TD></TR>

<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <A href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</A>
</TH>
<TD style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;">23.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;">31.1
</TD>
<TD style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;">29.2
</TD>
<TD style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;">34.3
</TD>
<TD style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;">37.6
</TD>
<TD style="background: #F0F011; color:#000000;">41.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;">44.9
</TD>
<TD style="background: #F9F925; color:#000000;">46.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #F6F61F; color:#000000;">45.1
</TD>
<TD style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;">36.2
</TD>
<TD style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;">27.2
</TD>
<TD style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;">23.7
</TD>
<TD style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">35.1
</TD></TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <A href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</A><SUP id="cite_ref-February_1875_51-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-February_1875-51">[51]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-St_John's_52-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-St_John's-52">[52]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-YYTstats_53-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-YYTstats-53">[53]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-55">[54]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-August_1876_50-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-August_1876-50">[50]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-56">[55]</A></SUP>
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Cityscape">Cityscape</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cityscape">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Architecture_of_St._John%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of St. John's">Architecture of St. John's</A></DIV> <DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <A href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_St._John%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="List of neighbourhoods in St. John's">List of neighbourhoods in St. John's</A> and <A href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of tallest buildings in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">List of tallest buildings in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador</A></DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Waterside,_St_Johns.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Waterside%2C_St_Johns.jpg/220px-Waterside%2C_St_Johns.jpg" width="220" height="164" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Waterside%2C_St_Johns.jpg/330px-Waterside%2C_St_Johns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Waterside%2C_St_Johns.jpg/440px-Waterside%2C_St_Johns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Waterside,_St_Johns.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>Coastline of the Waterside neighbourhood. Some residences, storage shacks, and wharves are primarily made of wood.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tleft"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:St_John%27s_Houses.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/St_John%27s_Houses.jpg/220px-St_John%27s_Houses.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/St_John%27s_Houses.jpg/330px-St_John%27s_Houses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/St_John%27s_Houses.jpg/440px-St_John%27s_Houses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:St_John%27s_Houses.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>Houses in St. John's are typically painted in bright colours.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>St. John's architecture has a distinct style from the rest of Canada, and its major buildings are remnants of its history as one of the first British colonial capitals. Buildings took a variety of styles according to the means available to build them.
</P><P>Starting as a fishing outpost for European fishermen, St. John's consisted mostly of the homes of fishermen, sheds, storage shacks, and wharves constructed out of wood. Like many other cities of the time, as the Industrial Revolution took hold and new methods and materials for construction were introduced, the landscape changed as the city grew. <A href="/wiki/The_Great_Fire_of_1892" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Fire of 1892">The Great Fire of 1892</A> destroyed most of the <A href="/wiki/Downtown_St._John%27s" title="Downtown St. John's">downtown</A> core, and most residential and other wood-frame buildings date from this period.<SUP id="cite_ref-City_of_Fire_33-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-City_of_Fire-33">[33]</A></SUP>
</P><P>Often compared to San Francisco due to the hilly terrain and steep maze of residential streets, housing in St. John's is typically painted in bright colours.<SUP id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-57">[56]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_City_Council" title="St. John's City Council">city council</A> has implemented strict heritage regulations in the downtown area, including restrictions on the height of buildings.<SUP id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-58">[57]</A></SUP> These regulations have caused much controversy over the years. With the city experiencing an economic boom a lack of hotel rooms and office space has seen proposals put forward that do not meet the current height regulations. Heritage advocates argue the current regulations should be enforced while others believe the regulations should be relaxed to encourage economic development.<SUP id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-59">[58]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-60">[59]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-61">[60]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-62">[61]</A></SUP>
</P><P>To meet the need for more office space downtown without compromising the city's heritage, the city council amended heritage regulations, which originally restricted height to 15 metres in the area of land on Water Street between Bishop's Cove and Steer's Cove, to create the "Commercial Central Retail – West Zone". The new zone will allow for buildings of greater height. A 47-metre, 12-storey office building, which includes retail space and a parking garage, was the first building to be approved in this area.<SUP id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-63">[62]</A></SUP>
</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Demographics">Demographics</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<TABLE class="toccolours" style="width:15em;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><TBODY><TR><TH class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="padding:0.25em;font-size:110%">Historical populations<SUP id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-64">[63]</A></SUP></TH></TR><TR style="font-size:95%"><TH style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;width:3em">Year</TH><TH style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><ABBR title="Population">Pop.</ABBR></TH><TH style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;text-align:right"><ABBR title="Percent change">±%</ABBR></TH></TR><TR><TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</TH><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">103,079</TD><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </TD></TR><TR><TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</TH><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">104,659</TD><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.5%</TD></TR><TR><TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><A href="/wiki/Canada_1996_Census" title="Canada 1996 Census">1996</A></TH><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">101,936</TD><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.6%</TD></TR><TR><TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><A href="/wiki/Canada_2001_Census" title="Canada 2001 Census">2001</A></TH><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">99,182</TD><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.7%</TD></TR><TR><TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><A href="/wiki/Canada_2006_Census" title="Canada 2006 Census">2006</A></TH><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">100,646</TD><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.5%</TD></TR><TR><TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><A href="/wiki/Canada_2011_Census" title="Canada 2011 Census">2011</A></TH><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">106,172</TD><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.5%</TD></TR><TR><TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><A href="/wiki/Canada_2016_Census" title="Canada 2016 Census">2016</A></TH><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">108,860</TD><TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.5%</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellpadding="1" style="float:right; margin:0 1em 1em 0; border:1px #bbb solid; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:90%;">

<TBODY><TR style="text-align:center; background:#8899aa;">
<TH colspan="3">Mother tongue language, 2006<SUP id="cite_ref-2006_Community_Profiles_65-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2006_Community_Profiles-65">[64]</A></SUP>
</TH></TR>
<TR style="text-align:center; background:#abc;">
<TD>Language
</TD>
<TD>Population
</TD>
<TD>Percentage
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align:center;">
<TD>English only
</TD>
<TD>95,555
</TD>
<TD>96.10%
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align:center; background:#eee;">
<TD>Other languages
</TD>
<TD>3,420
</TD>
<TD>3.43%
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align:center; background:#eee;">
<TD>French only
</TD>
<TD>355
</TD>
<TD>0.35%
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align:center; background:#eee;">
<TD>Both English and French
</TD>
<TD>95
</TD>
<TD>0.09%
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellpadding="1" style="float:left; margin:0 1em 1em 0; border:1px #bbb solid; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:90%;">

<TBODY><TR style="text-align:center; background:#8899aa;">
<TH colspan="2">Ethnic Origin, 2006<SUP id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-66">[65]</A></SUP>
</TH></TR>
<TR style="text-align:center; background:#abc;">
<TD>Ethnic Origin
</TD>
<TD>Percentage
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align:center;">
<TD>English
</TD>
<TD>45.5
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align:center; background:#eee;">
<TD>Canadian
</TD>
<TD>41.1
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align:center;">
<TD>Irish
</TD>
<TD>31.3
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align:center; background:#eee;">
<TD><A href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</A>
</TD>
<TD>8.3
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align:center;">
<TD>French
</TD>
<TD>4.6
</TD></TR>
<TR style="text-align:center; background:#eee;">
<TD>German
</TD>
<TD>2.1
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P>As of the <A href="/wiki/Canada_2006_Census" title="Canada 2006 Census">2006 Census</A>, there were 100,646 inhabitants in St. John's itself, 151,322 in the urban area and 181,113 in the <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Metropolitan Area">St. John's Census Metropolitan Area</A> (CMA).<SUP id="cite_ref-CMA_Breakdown_67-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-CMA_Breakdown-67">[66]</A></SUP> Thus, St. John's is Newfoundland and Labrador's largest city and Canada's 20th largest CMA.<SUP id="cite_ref-2006CensAllCMAs_68-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2006CensAllCMAs-68">[67]</A></SUP> Apart from St. John's, the CMA includes 12 other communities: the city of <A href="/wiki/Mount_Pearl" title="Mount Pearl">Mount Pearl</A> and the towns of <A href="/wiki/Conception_Bay_South" title="Conception Bay South">Conception Bay South</A>, <A href="/wiki/Paradise,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Paradise, Newfoundland and Labrador">Paradise</A>, <A href="/wiki/Portugal_Cove-St._Philip%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal Cove-St. Philip's">Portugal Cove-St. Philip's</A>, <A href="/wiki/Torbay,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Torbay, Newfoundland and Labrador">Torbay</A>, <A href="/wiki/Logy_Bay-Middle_Cove-Outer_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove">Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove</A>, <A href="/wiki/Pouch_Cove" title="Pouch Cove">Pouch Cove</A>, <A href="/wiki/Flatrock,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Flatrock, Newfoundland and Labrador">Flatrock</A>, <A href="/wiki/Bay_Bulls,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Bay Bulls, Newfoundland and Labrador">Bay Bulls</A>, <A href="/wiki/Witless_Bay,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Witless Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador">Witless Bay</A>, <A href="/wiki/Petty_Harbour-Maddox_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove">Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove</A> and <A href="/wiki/Bauline" title="Bauline">Bauline</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-CMA_Breakdown_67-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-CMA_Breakdown-67">[66]</A></SUP> The population of the CMA was 192,326 as of 1 July 2010.<SUP id="cite_ref-2010_population_69-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2010_population-69">[68]</A></SUP>
</P><P>As of 2011, there were 4,205 members of <A href="/wiki/Visible_minorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Visible minorities">visible minorities</A> in the city. The largest visible minority group were <A href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian Canadian">South Asians</A> (1.2%), followed by <A href="/wiki/Chinese_Canadians" title="Chinese Canadians">Chinese Canadian</A> (1.0%), and <A href="/wiki/Black_Canadians" title="Black Canadians">Blacks</A> (0.9%). There were 4,305 <A href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Canadians">Aboriginals</A> in St. John's, comprising 4.1% of the city's population. <A href="/wiki/First_Nations" title="First Nations">First Nations</A> people made up 2.9% of the city's population, <A href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</A> comprised 0.8% of St. John's population, and 0.6% were <A href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-70">[69]</A></SUP>
</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:St_John%27s_Basilica.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/St_John%27s_Basilica.jpg/220px-St_John%27s_Basilica.jpg" width="220" height="150" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/St_John%27s_Basilica.jpg/330px-St_John%27s_Basilica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/St_John%27s_Basilica.jpg/440px-St_John%27s_Basilica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2773" data-file-height="1891" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:St_John%27s_Basilica.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>The <A href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St._John_the_Baptist" title="Basilica of St. John the Baptist">Basilica of St. John the Baptist</A> is the seat of the <A href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. John's, Newfoundland">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. John's</A>. Catholicism is the largest religion in the city.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P><I>The information below is from the <A href="/wiki/Canada_2001_Census" title="Canada 2001 Census">2001 Canadian Census</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-71">[70]</A></SUP></I> and the National Household Survey 2011<SUP id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-72">[71]</A></SUP>
</P><P>Predominantly Christian, the population of St. John's was once divided along sectarian (<A href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</A>/<A href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</A>) lines. In recent years, this sectarianism has declined significantly, and is no longer a commonly acknowledged facet of life in St. John's. St. John's is the seat of the <A href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St._John_The_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of St. John The Baptist">Roman Catholic Archbishop of St. John's</A>, and the Anglican <A href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._John_the_Baptist_(St._John%27s)" title="Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (St. John's)">Bishop of Eastern Newfoundland and Labrador</A>. All major Christian sects showed a decline from 2001–2011 with a large increase in those with no religion from 3.9% to 11.1%.
</P>
<TABLE class="wikitable">

<TBODY><TR>
<TH>Religion
</TH>
<TH>2001 (%)
</TH>
<TH>2011 (%)
</TH>
<TH>2011 (Total)
</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</A>
</TD>
<TD>48.9%
</TD>
<TD>48.4%
</TD>
<TD>50,370
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</A>
</TD>
<TD>22.8%
</TD>
<TD>16.1%
</TD>
<TD>16,745
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/United_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="United Church">United Church</A>
</TD>
<TD>15.0%
</TD>
<TD>12.8%
</TD>
<TD>13,345
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</A>
</TD>
<TD>2.3%
</TD>
<TD>2.3%
</TD>
<TD>2,390
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>No religion
</TD>
<TD>3.9%
</TD>
<TD>11.1%
</TD>
<TD>11,505
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Economy">Economy</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <A href="/wiki/List_of_companies_headquartered_in_St._John%27s" title="List of companies headquartered in St. John's">List of companies headquartered in St. John's</A></DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:TerraNovaOil.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/TerraNovaOil.jpg/220px-TerraNovaOil.jpg" width="220" height="171" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/TerraNovaOil.jpg/330px-TerraNovaOil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/TerraNovaOil.jpg/440px-TerraNovaOil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="730" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:TerraNovaOil.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>An <A href="/wiki/Oil_platform" title="Oil platform">oil platform</A> in the <A href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_oil_field" title="Terra Nova oil field">Terra Nova oil field</A>. A number of offshore oil developments lie off the coast of St. John's.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>St. John's economy is connected to both its role as the provincial capital of Newfoundland and Labrador and to the ocean. The civil service which is supported by the federal, provincial and municipal governments has been the key to the expansion of the city's labour force and to the stability of its economy, which supports a sizable retail, service and business sector.<SUP id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-73">[72]</A></SUP> The provincial government is the largest employer in the city, followed by <A href="/wiki/Memorial_University_of_Newfoundland" title="Memorial University of Newfoundland">Memorial University</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-74">[73]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-75">[74]</A></SUP>
With the <A href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Atlantic_northwest_cod_fishery" title="Collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery">collapse of the fishing industry</A> in Newfoundland and Labrador in the 1990s, the role of the ocean is now tied to what lies beneath it – oil and gas – as opposed to what swims in or travels across it.<SUP id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-76">[75]</A></SUP> The city is the centre of the oil and gas industry in Eastern Canada and is one of 19 World Energy Cities.<SUP id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-77">[76]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</A> Canada is headquartered in St. John's and companies such as <A href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron</A>, <A href="/wiki/Husky_Energy" title="Husky Energy">Husky Energy</A>, <A href="/wiki/Suncor_Energy" title="Suncor Energy">Suncor Energy</A> and <A href="/wiki/Statoil" class="mw-redirect" title="Statoil">Statoil</A> have major regional operations in the city.<SUP id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-78">[77]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-79">[78]</A></SUP> Three major offshore oil developments, <A href="/wiki/Hibernia_oil_field" title="Hibernia oil field">Hibernia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_oil_field" title="Terra Nova oil field">Terra Nova</A> and <A href="/wiki/White_Rose_oil_field" title="White Rose oil field">White Rose</A>, are in production off the coast of the city and a fourth development, Hebron, is expected to be producing oil by 2017.<SUP id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-80">[79]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-81">[80]</A></SUP>
</P><P>The economy has been growing quickly in recent years. In 2010 and 2011, the metro area's gross domestic product (GDP) led 27 other metropolitan areas in the country, according to the <A href="/wiki/Conference_Board_of_Canada" title="Conference Board of Canada">Conference Board of Canada</A>, recording growth of 6.6 per cent and 5.8 per cent respectively.<SUP id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-82">[81]</A></SUP> At $52,000 the city's per capita GDP is the second highest out of all major Canadian cities.<SUP id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-83">[82]</A></SUP> Economic forecasts suggest that the city will continue its strong economic growth in the coming years not only in the "oceanic" industries mentioned above, but also in tourism and new home construction as the population continues to grow. In May 2011, the city's unemployment rate fell to 5.6 per cent, the second lowest unemployment rate for a major city in Canada.<SUP id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-84">[83]</A></SUP>
</P><P>St. John's is also becoming known as an entrepreneurial city. In a 2009 report by the Canadian Federation of Independent Business, <I>Communities in Boom: Canada’s Top Entrepreneurial Cities</I>, St. John's was ranked the best major city in Atlantic Canada and 19th overall in Canada for providing a good environment for small business development.<SUP id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-85">[84]</A></SUP>
</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Culture">Culture</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Water_street_st._john%27s2.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Water_street_st._john%27s2.jpg/220px-Water_street_st._john%27s2.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Water_street_st._john%27s2.jpg/330px-Water_street_st._john%27s2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Water_street_st._john%27s2.jpg/440px-Water_street_st._john%27s2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Water_street_st._john%27s2.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV><A href="/wiki/Water_Street,_St._John%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Water Street, St. John's">Water Street</A> is notable for its boutiques and restaurants</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/Downtown_St._John%27s" title="Downtown St. John's">downtown</A> area is the cultural hub of St. John's and is a major tourist destination in Newfoundland and Labrador and Atlantic Canada. <A href="/wiki/Water_Street,_St._John%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Water Street, St. John's">Water Street</A> and Duckworth Street are known for their brightly coloured low rise heritage buildings, housing numerous tourist shops, clothing boutiques, and restaurants.
</P><P><A href="/wiki/George_Street,_St._John%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="George Street, St. John's">George Street</A>, a downtown side-street above the western end of Water Street, is the predominant home of the city's nightlife. It holds numerous annual festivals including the George Street Festival in August and the Mardi Gras Festival in October. The street can be credited with kick-starting the careers of many musical acts and is busy nearly every night of the week.<SUP id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-86">[85]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-87">[86]</A></SUP>
</P><P>The city has a <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Newfoundland Symphony Orchestra">symphony orchestra</A>, a string quartet, and several choirs. In addition the School of Music of <A href="/wiki/Memorial_University_of_Newfoundland" title="Memorial University of Newfoundland">Memorial University of Newfoundland</A> has several ensembles, including a chamber orchestra. St. Johns also plays host to the <A href="/wiki/Tuckamore_Festival" title="Tuckamore Festival">Tuckamore Festival</A> of chamber music, which has been held every August since 2001. <A href="/w/index.php?title=Opera_on_the_Avalon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opera on the Avalon (page does not exist)">Opera on the Avalon</A> puts on performances of opera, over several days, in the summer
</P><P>The <A href="/wiki/LSPU_Hall" title="LSPU Hall">LSPU Hall</A> is home to the <A href="/w/index.php?title=Resource_Centre_for_the_Arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resource Centre for the Arts (page does not exist)">Resource Centre for the Arts</A>. The "Hall" hosts a vibrant and diverse arts community and is regarded as the backbone of artistic infrastructure and development in the downtown.<SUP id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-88">[87]</A></SUP> The careers of many well-known Newfoundland artists were launched there including <A href="/wiki/Rick_Mercer" title="Rick Mercer">Rick Mercer</A>, <A href="/wiki/Mary_Walsh_(actress)" title="Mary Walsh (actress)">Mary Walsh</A>, <A href="/wiki/Cathy_Jones" title="Cathy Jones">Cathy Jones</A>, <A href="/wiki/Andy_Jones_(comedian)" title="Andy Jones (comedian)">Andy Jones</A> and <A href="/wiki/Greg_Thomey" title="Greg Thomey">Greg Thomey</A>. The St. John's <A href="/wiki/Arts_and_Culture_Centre" title="Arts and Culture Centre">Arts and Culture Centre</A> houses an art gallery, libraries and a 1000-seat theatre, which is the city's major venue for entertainment productions.<SUP id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-89">[88]</A></SUP>
</P><P>The <A href="/wiki/Nickel_Film_Festival" title="Nickel Film Festival">Nickel Film Festival</A> and the St. John's International Women's Film Festival are two <A href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">independent film</A> festivals held annually in St. John's.<SUP id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-90">[89]</A></SUP>
</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Museums">Museums</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:TheRoomsStJohnsNewfoundland.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/TheRoomsStJohnsNewfoundland.JPG/220px-TheRoomsStJohnsNewfoundland.JPG" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/TheRoomsStJohnsNewfoundland.JPG/330px-TheRoomsStJohnsNewfoundland.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/TheRoomsStJohnsNewfoundland.JPG/440px-TheRoomsStJohnsNewfoundland.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:TheRoomsStJohnsNewfoundland.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>Located in downtown St. John's, <A href="/wiki/The_Rooms" title="The Rooms">The Rooms</A> houses the provincial <A href="/wiki/Art_gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Art gallery">art gallery</A> and museum.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/The_Rooms" title="The Rooms">Provincial Museum of Newfoundland and Labrador</A> (c. 1892–93) was located on Duckworth Street in a building designated as a heritage site by the City of St. John's.<SUP id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-91">[90]</A></SUP> In 2005 the museum, along with the Art Gallery of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador, moved into <A href="/wiki/The_Rooms" title="The Rooms">The Rooms</A>. The Rooms is Newfoundland and Labrador's cultural facility, and is located in the downtown area.<SUP id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-92">[91]</A></SUP>
</P><P>Other museums include the <A href="/wiki/Railway_Coastal_Museum" title="Railway Coastal Museum">Railway Coastal Museum</A>, a transportation museum located in the 104-year-old Newfoundland and Labrador train station building on Water Street.<SUP id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-93">[92]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Johnson_Geo_Centre" title="Johnson Geo Centre">Johnson Geo Centre</A> is a geological interpretation centre located on Signal Hill.<SUP id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-94">[93]</A></SUP> The centre is designed to teach the public about the history of the earth through the unique and complex geological history of Newfoundland and Labrador. The East Rider Motorcycle Museum showcases over 110 years of Newfoundland's Motorcycle History, with two floors of bikes, memorabilia, and biker culture. Located downtown St. John's (above East Rider Motorcycle Gear Shop).
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="National_Historic_Sites">National Historic Sites</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: National Historic Sites">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:St._John%27s_Newfoundland_Time_Lapse.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/St._John%27s_Newfoundland_Time_Lapse.JPG/220px-St._John%27s_Newfoundland_Time_Lapse.JPG" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/St._John%27s_Newfoundland_Time_Lapse.JPG/330px-St._John%27s_Newfoundland_Time_Lapse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/St._John%27s_Newfoundland_Time_Lapse.JPG/440px-St._John%27s_Newfoundland_Time_Lapse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:St._John%27s_Newfoundland_Time_Lapse.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV><A href="/wiki/Cabot_Tower_(Newfoundland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabot Tower (Newfoundland)">Cabot Tower</A> overlooks the city from <A href="/wiki/Signal_Hill,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador">Signal Hill</A>. The hill was named a <A href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Site</A> due to its association with Canada's defence and communication history.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>The Murray Premises is a National Historic Site located in downtown St. John's.<SUP id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-95">[94]</A></SUP> The buildings once served as a fishery premises, with facilities for drying and packaging fish and warehouses for fish, barrels and other items. The oldest of the buildings is the one facing on Beck's Cove. It was built after the 1846 fire and for a time served as both shop and house. The Murray Premises was renovated in 1979 and now contains office suites, restaurants, retail stores and a boutique hotel.<SUP id="cite_ref-Attractions_96-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Attractions-96">[95]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-97">[96]</A></SUP>
</P><P>Another National Historic Site is <A href="/wiki/Signal_Hill,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador">Signal Hill</A> is a hill which overlooks the city of St. John's. It is the location of <A href="/wiki/Cabot_Tower_(Newfoundland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabot Tower (Newfoundland)">Cabot Tower</A> which was built in 1897 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of <A href="/wiki/John_Cabot" title="John Cabot">John Cabot</A>'s discovery of Newfoundland, and <A href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</A>'s Diamond Jubilee. The first transatlantic <A href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</A> transmission was received here by <A href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</A> on 12 December 1901.<SUP id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-98">[97]</A></SUP> Today, Signal Hill is a <A href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Site of Canada</A> and remains incredibly popular amongst tourists and locals alike; 97% of all tourists to St. John's visit Signal Hill. Amongst its popular attractions are the Signal Hill Tattoo, showcasing the <A href="/wiki/Royal_Newfoundland_Regiment" title="Royal Newfoundland Regiment">Royal Newfoundland Regiment</A> of foot, c. 1795, and the North Head Trail which grants an impressive view of the Atlantic Ocean and the surrounding coast.<SUP id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-99">[98]</A></SUP>
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Urban_parks">Urban parks</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Urban parks">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P><A href="/wiki/Pippy_Park" title="Pippy Park">Pippy Park</A> is an urban park in the east end of the city; with over 3,400 acres (14 km<SUP>2</SUP>) of land, it is one of Canada's largest urban parks. The park contains a range of recreational facilities including two golf courses, Newfoundland and Labrador's largest serviced campground, walking and skiing trails as well as protected habitat for many plants and animals. Pippy Park is also home to the <A href="/wiki/Fluvarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvarium">Fluvarium</A>, an environmental education centre which offers a cross section view of Nagle's Hill Brook.<SUP id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-100">[99]</A></SUP>
</P><P><A href="/wiki/Bowring_Park_(St._John%27s)" title="Bowring Park (St. John's)">Bowring Park</A>, located in the <A href="/wiki/Waterford_Valley,_St._John%27s" title="Waterford Valley, St. John's">Waterford Valley</A>, is one of the most scenic parks in St. John's. Entrance to the park is via Waterford Bridge Road, passing a sculptured duck pond and a <A href="/wiki/Statue_of_Peter_Pan" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of Peter Pan">statue of Peter Pan</A>. The park land was donated to the city in 1911 by <A href="/wiki/Edgar_Rennie_Bowring" title="Edgar Rennie Bowring">Sir Edgar Rennie Bowring</A> on behalf of <A href="/wiki/Bowring_Brothers" title="Bowring Brothers">Bowring Brothers</A> Ltd. on their 100th anniversary of commerce in Newfoundland. The park was officially opened by His Royal Highness, the <A href="/wiki/Prince_Arthur,_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn" title="Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn">Duke of Connaught</A> on 15 July 1914.<SUP id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-101">[100]</A></SUP>
</P><P><A href="/wiki/Bannerman_Park" title="Bannerman Park">Bannerman Park</A> is a Victorian-style park located near the downtown. The park was officially opened in 1891 by <A href="/wiki/Alexander_Bannerman" title="Alexander Bannerman">Sir Alexander Bannerman</A>, Governor of the <A href="/wiki/Colony_of_Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Newfoundland">Colony of Newfoundland</A> who donated the land to create the park.<SUP id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-102">[101]</A></SUP> Today the park contains a public swimming pool, playground, a baseball diamond and many large open grassy areas. Bannerman Park plays host to many festivals and sporting events, most notably the Newfoundland and Labrador Folk Festival and St. John's Peace-a-chord. The park is also the finishing location for the annual <A href="/wiki/Tely_10_Mile_Road_Race" title="Tely 10 Mile Road Race">Tely 10 Mile Road Race</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-103">[102]</A></SUP>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Sports">Sports</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Mile_one_stadium.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mile_one_stadium.jpg/220px-Mile_one_stadium.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mile_one_stadium.jpg/330px-Mile_one_stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mile_one_stadium.jpg/440px-Mile_one_stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Mile_one_stadium.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV><A href="/wiki/Mile_One_Centre" title="Mile One Centre">Mile One Centre</A> is an multi-purpose indoor arena. It is used as the home arena for the <A href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_of_Canada" title="National Basketball League of Canada">NBLC</A>'s <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Edge" title="St. John's Edge">St. John's Edge</A> and the <A href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</A>'s <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Growlers" title="Newfoundland Growlers">Newfoundland Growlers</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Hockey">Hockey</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Hockey">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>St. John's has been home to several professional <A href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">hockey</A> franchises. The <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Maple_Leafs" title="St. John's Maple Leafs">St. John's Maple Leafs</A> were an <A href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</A> (AHL) team from 1991 to 2005. The team left after the 2004–05 season to <A href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</A> due to the desire of its parent team, the <A href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</A>, to reduce travel costs and to have a tenant for its <A href="/wiki/Ricoh_Coliseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricoh Coliseum">Ricoh Coliseum</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-104">[103]</A></SUP>
</P><P>Shortly after, the Maple Leafs were replaced by the <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Fog_Devils" title="St. John's Fog Devils">St. John's Fog Devils</A> of the <A href="/wiki/Quebec_Major_Junior_Hockey_League" title="Quebec Major Junior Hockey League">Quebec Major Junior Hockey League</A> (QMJHL). The team left St. John's in 2008 after just three seasons due to a poor lease arrangement with the city over the use of <A href="/wiki/Mile_One_Centre" title="Mile One Centre">Mile One Centre</A> and poor attendance.<SUP id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-105">[104]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-106">[105]</A></SUP>
</P><P>From 2011 until 2017, it was home to the <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_IceCaps" title="St. John's IceCaps">St. John's IceCaps</A> in the AHL.<SUP id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-107">[106]</A></SUP> The IceCaps operated under two separate franchises and affiliations during its time in St John's; the first owned by the <A href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets" title="Winnipeg Jets">Winnipeg Jets</A>' <A href="/wiki/True_North_Sports_%26_Entertainment" title="True North Sports & Entertainment">True North Sports & Entertainment</A> and the second by the <A href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</A>' <A href="/wiki/Molson_family" title="Molson family">Molson family</A>. Both franchises were relocated to be closer to their parent team.
</P><P>In 2018, the <A href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</A> approved an expansion team for St. John's with the <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Growlers" title="Newfoundland Growlers">Newfoundland Growlers</A> to begin play in the fall of 2018. The team is expected to become the ECHL affiliate of the Toronto Maple Leafs bringing the Leafs back to St. Johns for the first time since 2005.
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Other_sports">Other sports</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other sports">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Regatta_Start,_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Regatta_Start%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland.jpg/220px-Regatta_Start%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland.jpg" width="220" height="145" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Regatta_Start%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland.jpg/330px-Regatta_Start%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Regatta_Start%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland.jpg/440px-Regatta_Start%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1688" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Regatta_Start,_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>St. John's hosts North America's oldest annual sporting event, the <A href="/wiki/Royal_St._John%27s_Regatta" title="Royal St. John's Regatta">Royal St. John's Regatta</A></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Edge" title="St. John's Edge">St. John's Edge</A> is a Canadian professional basketball team based in <A href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_of_Canada" title="National Basketball League of Canada">National Basketball League of Canada</A> that launched as an expansion team for the <A href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_NBL_Canada_season" title="2017–18 NBL Canada season">2017–18 season</A> at the Mile One Centre.<SUP id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-108">[107]</A></SUP> The team is owned by Atlantic Sport Enterprises Ltd. headed by John Graham with Irwin Simon and Robert Sabbagh.<SUP id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-109">[108]</A></SUP> The team replaced the IceCaps as the primary tenant at the Mile One Centre after their departure.
</P><P>The <A href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</A> team <A href="/wiki/The_Rock_(rugby_team)" title="The Rock (rugby team)">The Rock</A> is the Eastern Canadian entry in the <A href="/wiki/Americas_Rugby_Championship" title="Americas Rugby Championship">Americas Rugby Championship</A>. The Rock play their home games at <A href="/wiki/Swilers_Rugby_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Swilers Rugby Park">Swilers Rugby Park</A>, as did the <A href="/wiki/Rugby_Canada_Super_League" title="Rugby Canada Super League">Rugby Canada Super League</A> champions for 2005 and 2006, the <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Rock" title="Newfoundland Rock">Newfoundland Rock</A>. The city hosted a <A href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby World Cup">Rugby World Cup</A> qualifying match between Canada and the USA on 12 August 2006, where the Canadians heavily defeated the USA 56–7 to qualify for the <A href="/wiki/2007_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2007 Rugby World Cup">2007 Rugby World Cup</A> finals in France. The 2007 age-grade Rugby Canada National Championship Festival was held in the city.<SUP id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-110">[109]</A></SUP>
</P><P>St. John's is home to North America's oldest annual sporting event, the <A href="/wiki/Royal_St._John%27s_Regatta" title="Royal St. John's Regatta">Royal St. John's Regatta</A>, which dates back to at least 1816. The event is important enough in the life of the city that the day of the Regatta (the first Wednesday in August, weather permitting) is a civic holiday – one of the few weather-dependent holidays in the world.<SUP id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-111">[110]</A></SUP>
</P><P>The <A href="/wiki/Tely_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Tely 10">Tely 10</A> is an annual 10-mile (16 km) road race that starts in Paradise and finishes at Bannerman Park. The race draws in excess of 2,500 runners. It began in 1922, which makes it one of the oldest road races in Canada.<SUP id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-112">[111]</A></SUP>
</P><P>St. John's was where the <A href="/wiki/Canada_men%27s_national_soccer_team" title="Canada men's national soccer team">Canada men's national soccer team</A> qualified for their only <A href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</A> on 14 September 1985, when they defeated Honduras 2–1, at <A href="/wiki/King_George_V_Park" title="King George V Park">King George V Park</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-113">[112]</A></SUP>
</P><P><A href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</A> has gained prominence in St. John's over the years. The <A href="/wiki/2005_Scott_Tournament_of_Hearts" title="2005 Scott Tournament of Hearts">2005 Scott Tournament of Hearts</A>, the Canadian women's curling championship, was held at Mile One Centre from 19 to 27 February 2005.<SUP id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-114">[113]</A></SUP> The 2006 Olympic gold medalist men's curling team, skipped by <A href="/wiki/Brad_Gushue" title="Brad Gushue">Brad Gushue</A>, is based in St. John's at the <A href="/wiki/Bally_Haly_Golf_%26_Curling_Club" title="Bally Haly Golf & Curling Club">Bally Haly Golf & Curling Club</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-115">[114]</A></SUP> Gushue and his team launched a campaign to return the <A href="/wiki/Tim_Horton%27s_Brier" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Horton's Brier">Brier</A> to the province for 2017, a successful bid. They would go on to win the Brier as well as representing Canada at the World Championships three weeks later going undefeated and winning the gold medal. The Brier win was the second for the province (1976) and the second time as event host (1972). The city has two curling clubs, the <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Curling_Club" title="St. John's Curling Club">St. John's Curling Club</A> and the Bally Haly.
</P><P>The St. John's Avalon Harps are the local <A href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</A> and <A href="/wiki/Gaelic_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaelic Football">Gaelic Football</A> team, that compete in Canadian GAA events.
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Law_and_government">Law and government</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Law and government">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_City_Council" title="St. John's City Council">St. John's City Council</A> and <A href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of mayors of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">List of mayors of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador</A></DIV>
<P>St. John's is governed by a <A href="/wiki/Mayor-council_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council system">mayor-council system</A>, and the structure of the municipal government is stipulated by the City of St. John's Act.<SUP id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-116">[115]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-117">[116]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_City_Council" title="St. John's City Council">St. John's City Council</A> is a <A href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</A> legislative body composed of a <A href="/wiki/Mayor_of_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">mayor</A>, deputy mayor and nine councillors. The mayor, deputy mayor and four of the councillors are elected at large while the five other councillors represent geographical wards throughout the city. The mayor and members of the city council serve four-year terms without term limits.<SUP id="cite_ref-Mayor_and_Council_118-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Mayor_and_Council-118">[117]</A></SUP>
</P><P>Elections in St. John's are held every four years on the last Tuesday in September. The current city council was elected in the municipal election held on 26 September 2017. The Mayor of St. John's is <A href="/wiki/Danny_Breen" title="Danny Breen">Danny Breen</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-119">[118]</A></SUP> The St. John's City Hall, located on New Gower Street, has housed municipal offices and Council Chambers since being officially opened in 1970.<SUP id="cite_ref-Attractions_96-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Attractions-96">[95]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-120">[119]</A></SUP>
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<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Confederation_Building_(front),_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland,_Canada.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Confederation_Building_%28front%29%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland%2C_Canada.jpg/220px-Confederation_Building_%28front%29%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland%2C_Canada.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Confederation_Building_%28front%29%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland%2C_Canada.jpg/330px-Confederation_Building_%28front%29%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland%2C_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Confederation_Building_%28front%29%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland%2C_Canada.jpg/440px-Confederation_Building_%28front%29%2C_St._John%27s%2C_Newfoundland%2C_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4199" data-file-height="2799" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Confederation_Building_(front),_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland,_Canada.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>The province's <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador_House_of_Assembly" title="Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly">House of Assembly</A> meets in St. John's, at <A href="/wiki/Confederation_Building_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador)" title="Confederation Building (Newfoundland and Labrador)">Confederation Building</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>St. John's served as the capital city of the <A href="/wiki/Colony_of_Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Newfoundland">Colony of Newfoundland</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Dominion of Newfoundland</A> before Newfoundland became Canada's tenth province in 1949.<SUP id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-121">[120]</A></SUP> The city now serves as the capital of <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</A>, therefore the provincial legislature is located in the city.<SUP id="cite_ref-Confederation_Building_122-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Confederation_Building-122">[121]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Confederation_Building_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador)" title="Confederation Building (Newfoundland and Labrador)">Confederation Building</A>, located on Confederation Hill, is home to the <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador_House_of_Assembly" title="Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly">House of Assembly</A> along with the offices for the <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador_House_of_Assembly" title="Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly">Members of the House of Assembly</A> (MHAs) and Ministers.<SUP id="cite_ref-Confederation_Building_122-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Confederation_Building-122">[121]</A></SUP> The city is represented by ten MHAs, four who are members of the governing <A href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">Progressive Conservative Party</A>, three that belong to the <A href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">New Democratic Party</A> (NDP),<SUP id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-123">[122]</A></SUP> and three that belong to the <A href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">Liberal Party</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-124">[123]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Lorraine_Michael" title="Lorraine Michael">Lorraine Michael</A>, leader of the NDP since 2006, represents the district of <A href="/wiki/Signal_Hill-Quidi_Vidi" title="Signal Hill-Quidi Vidi">Signal Hill-Quidi Vidi</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-125">[124]</A></SUP>
</P><P>St. John's is represented in the House of Commons by two members of Parliament, both from the Liberal Party. Nick Whalen represents St. John's East<SUP id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-126">[125]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-127">[126]</A></SUP> and <A href="/wiki/Seamus_O%27Regan" title="Seamus O'Regan">Seamus O'Regan</A> represents St. John's South—Mount Pearl.<SUP id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-128">[127]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-129">[128]</A></SUP>
</P><P>The Newfoundland and Labrador office for the regional federal minister is in <A href="/wiki/Downtown_St._John%27s" title="Downtown St. John's">downtown St. John's</A>. Regional offices for <A href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">federal government departments and agencies</A> are throughout the city.<SUP id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-130">[129]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-131">[130]</A></SUP>
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Crime">Crime</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:RNC_Dodge_Intrepid.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/RNC_Dodge_Intrepid.jpg/220px-RNC_Dodge_Intrepid.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/RNC_Dodge_Intrepid.jpg/330px-RNC_Dodge_Intrepid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/RNC_Dodge_Intrepid.jpg/440px-RNC_Dodge_Intrepid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:RNC_Dodge_Intrepid.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>A <A href="/wiki/Royal_Newfoundland_Constabulary" title="Royal Newfoundland Constabulary">Royal Newfoundland Constabulary</A> (RNC) <A href="/wiki/Police_car" title="Police car">police car</A> on patrol. The RNC serves as the primary policing body for the metropolitan area.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>Police services for the city are provided by the <A href="/wiki/Royal_Newfoundland_Constabulary" title="Royal Newfoundland Constabulary">Royal Newfoundland Constabulary</A>, which serves as the primary policing body of the metropolitan area.<SUP id="cite_ref-rnc.gov.nl.ca_132-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-rnc.gov.nl.ca-132">[131]</A></SUP> The B Division headquarters of the <A href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</A> is located in the <A href="/wiki/Pleasantville,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Pleasantville, Newfoundland and Labrador">Pleasantville</A> neighbourhood but the RCMP primarily operate in the rest of Newfoundland and Labrador and not St. John's.<SUP id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-133">[132]</A></SUP>
</P><P>St. John's has traditionally been one of the safest cities in Canada to live; however, in recent years crime in the city has steadily increased. While nationally crime decreased by 4% in 2009, the total crime rate in St. John's saw an increase of 4%. During this same time <A href="/wiki/Violent_crime" title="Violent crime">violent crime</A> in the city decreased 6%, compared to a 1% decrease nationally.<SUP id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-134">[133]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-135">[134]</A></SUP> In 2010 the total crime severity index for the city was 101.9, an increase of 10% from 2009 and 19.2% above the national average. The violent crime severity index was 90.1, an increase of 29% from 2009 and 1.2% above the national average. St. John's had the seventh-highest metropolitan crime index and twelfth-highest metropolitan violent crime index in the country in 2010.<SUP id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-136">[135]</A></SUP>
</P><P>According to Statistics Canada's Juristat reports (1993–2007), the metropolitan area reports an average homicide rate of approximately 1.15 per 100,000 population; an average of two <A href="/wiki/Homicides" class="mw-redirect" title="Homicides">homicides</A> per year. An all-time high rate of 2.27 was reported in 1993 (four homicides). This figure is far below the national average and ranks amongst the lowest rates for any metropolitan area in Canada.<SUP id="cite_ref-www2.macleans.ca_137-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-www2.macleans.ca-137">[136]</A></SUP>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Transportation">Transportation</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:CCGS_Henry_Larsen,_Medium_Icebreaker.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/CCGS_Henry_Larsen%2C_Medium_Icebreaker.jpg/220px-CCGS_Henry_Larsen%2C_Medium_Icebreaker.jpg" width="220" height="120" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/CCGS_Henry_Larsen%2C_Medium_Icebreaker.jpg/330px-CCGS_Henry_Larsen%2C_Medium_Icebreaker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/CCGS_Henry_Larsen%2C_Medium_Icebreaker.jpg/440px-CCGS_Henry_Larsen%2C_Medium_Icebreaker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3307" data-file-height="1800" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:CCGS_Henry_Larsen,_Medium_Icebreaker.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV><A href="/wiki/CCGS_Henry_Larsen" title="CCGS Henry Larsen">CCGS <I>Henry Larsen</I></A> in St. John's Harbour, where <A href="/wiki/Canadian_Coast_Guard" title="Canadian Coast Guard">Canadian Coast Guard</A> vessels use St. John's as a <A href="/wiki/Home_port" title="Home port">home port</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:St._John%27s_Airport_Terminal.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St._John%27s_Airport_Terminal.JPG/220px-St._John%27s_Airport_Terminal.JPG" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St._John%27s_Airport_Terminal.JPG/330px-St._John%27s_Airport_Terminal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St._John%27s_Airport_Terminal.JPG/440px-St._John%27s_Airport_Terminal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:St._John%27s_Airport_Terminal.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV><A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_International_Airport" title="St. John's International Airport">St. John's International Airport</A> serves as the international airport for the metropolitan area. It is the second busiest airport in <A href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</A>.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>St. John's has a substantial harbour. Among other things, the harbour is the base for the following <A href="/wiki/Canadian_Coast_Guard" title="Canadian Coast Guard">Canadian Coast Guard</A> (CCG) ships:
</P>
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/CCGS_Ann_Harvey" title="CCGS Ann Harvey">CCGS <I>Ann Harvey</I></A> – icebreaker</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/CCGS_George_R._Pearkes" title="CCGS George R. Pearkes">CCGS <I>George R. Pearkes</I></A> – icebreaker</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/CCGS_Henry_Larsen" title="CCGS Henry Larsen">CCGS <I>Henry Larsen</I></A> – icebreaker</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/CCGS_Louis_S._St-Laurent" title="CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent">CCGS <I>Louis S. St-Laurent</I></A> – icebreaker</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/CCGS_Terry_Fox" title="CCGS Terry Fox">CCGS <I>Terry Fox</I></A> – icebreaker</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/CCGS_Cygnus" title="CCGS Cygnus">CCGS <I>Cygnus</I></A> – patrol vessel</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/CCGS_Leonard_J._Cowley" title="CCGS Leonard J. Cowley">CCGS <I>Leonard J. Cowley</I></A> – multi role</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/CCGS_Sir_Wilfred_Grenfell" title="CCGS Sir Wilfred Grenfell">CCGS <I>Sir Wilfred Grenfell</I></A> – multi role</LI></UL>
<P>St. John's is served by <A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_International_Airport" title="St. John's International Airport">St. John's International Airport</A> (YYT), located 10 minutes northwest of the downtown core.<SUP id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-138">[137]</A></SUP> In 2011, roughly 1,400,000 passengers travelled through the airport making it the second busiest airport in Atlantic Canada in passenger volume.<SUP id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-139">[138]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-140">[139]</A></SUP> Regular destinations include Halifax, <A href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</A>, <A href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</A>, <A href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</A>, as well as destinations throughout the province. International locations include <A href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</A>, <A href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</A>, <A href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</A>, <A href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</A> and <A href="/wiki/Varadero" title="Varadero">Varadero</A>. Scheduled service providers include <A href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</A>, <A href="/wiki/Air_Canada_Jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Canada Jazz">Air Canada Jazz</A>, <A href="/wiki/Air_Saint-Pierre" title="Air Saint-Pierre">Air Saint-Pierre</A>, <A href="/wiki/Air_Transat" title="Air Transat">Air Transat</A>, <A href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</A>, <A href="/wiki/Porter_Airlines" title="Porter Airlines">Porter Airlines</A>, <A href="/wiki/Provincial_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial Airlines">Provincial Airlines</A>, <A href="/wiki/Sunwing_Airlines" title="Sunwing Airlines">Sunwing Airlines</A> and <A href="/wiki/Westjet" class="mw-redirect" title="Westjet">Westjet</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-141">[140]</A></SUP>
</P><P>St. John's is the eastern terminus of the <A href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway" title="Trans-Canada Highway">Trans-Canada Highway</A>, one of the longest national highways in the world.<SUP id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-142">[141]</A></SUP> The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road," runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador_Route_2" title="Newfoundland and Labrador Route 2">Pitts Memorial Drive</A>, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador_Route_2" title="Newfoundland and Labrador Route 2">Pitts Memorial Drive</A> runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for <A href="/wiki/Goulds,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Goulds, Newfoundland and Labrador">Goulds</A>, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street.
</P><P>The St. John's Cycling Master Plan was officially launched in July 2009. Its first phase will consist of 43 kilometres (27 mi) of on-road painted bike lanes, signs on an additional 73 kilometres (45 mi) of roadway, the installation of 20 bicycle parking facilities and the addition of bike racks on the fleet of 53 Metrobuses.<SUP id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-143">[142]</A></SUP>
</P><P><A href="/wiki/Metrobus_Transit" title="Metrobus Transit">Metrobus Transit</A> is responsible for public transit in the region.<SUP id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-144">[143]</A></SUP> Metrobus has a total of 19 routes, 53 buses and an annual ridership of 3,014,073.<SUP id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-145">[144]</A></SUP> Destinations include the <A href="/wiki/Avalon_Mall" title="Avalon Mall">Avalon Mall</A>, <A href="/wiki/The_Village_Shopping_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="The Village Shopping Centre">The Village Shopping Centre</A>, Memorial University, Academy Canada, the College of the North Atlantic, the Marine Institute, the Confederation Building, downtown, <A href="/wiki/Stavanger_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavanger Drive">Stavanger Drive Business Park</A>, Kelsey Drive, <A href="/wiki/Goulds,_St._John%27s" title="Goulds, St. John's">Goulds</A>, <A href="/wiki/Kilbride,_St._John%27s" title="Kilbride, St. John's">Kilbride</A>, Shea Heights, the four hospitals in the city as well as other important areas in St. John's and Mount Pearl.<SUP id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-146">[145]</A></SUP>
</P><P>St. John's was the eastern terminus of the <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Railway" title="Newfoundland Railway">Newfoundland Railway</A> from 1898 until the abandonment and closure of the railway in September 1988.<SUP id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-147">[146]</A></SUP>
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Medical_centres_and_hospitals">Medical centres and hospitals</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Medical centres and hospitals">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>St. John's is served by Eastern Health, Newfoundland and Labrador's largest health authority.<SUP id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-148">[147]</A></SUP> The city's major hospitals include the Health Sciences Centre, St. Clare's Mercy Hospital, Waterford Hospital and the <A href="/wiki/Janeway_Children%27s_Health_and_Rehabilitation_Centre" title="Janeway Children's Health and Rehabilitation Centre">Janeway Children's Health and Rehabilitation Centre</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-149">[148]</A></SUP>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright"><DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Gushue_Hall_MUN.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gushue_Hall_MUN.jpg/220px-Gushue_Hall_MUN.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gushue_Hall_MUN.jpg/330px-Gushue_Hall_MUN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gushue_Hall_MUN.jpg/440px-Gushue_Hall_MUN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></A>  <DIV class="thumbcaption"><DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Gushue_Hall_MUN.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV><A href="/wiki/Memorial_University_of_Newfoundland" title="Memorial University of Newfoundland">Memorial University of Newfoundland</A> is the largest university in Atlantic Canada by enrolment.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>St. John's is served by the <A href="/wiki/Eastern_School_District_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Eastern School District of Newfoundland and Labrador">Eastern School District</A>, the largest in Newfoundland and Labrador by student population.<SUP id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-150">[149]</A></SUP> There are 36 primary, elementary and secondary schools in the city of St. John's, including three private schools.<SUP id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-151">[150]</A></SUP> St. John's has one school that is part of the province-wide Conseil Scolaire Francophone (CSF), the <A href="/wiki/Francophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophone">Francophone</A> public school district. It has two private schools, <A href="/wiki/St._Bonaventure%27s_College" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Bonaventure's College">St. Bonaventure's College</A> and Lakecrest Independent.<SUP id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-152">[151]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-153">[152]</A></SUP>
</P><P><A href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</A>'s largest university, <A href="/wiki/Memorial_University_of_Newfoundland" title="Memorial University of Newfoundland">Memorial University of Newfoundland</A> (MUN), is in St. John's.<SUP id="cite_ref-CanadianUniversities_154-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-CanadianUniversities-154">[153]</A></SUP> MUN provides comprehensive education and grants <A href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">degrees</A> and its historical strengths in engineering, business, geology, and medicine make MUN one of the top comprehensive universities in Canada.<SUP id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-155">[154]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Ranking_156-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Ranking-156">[155]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Fisheries_and_Marine_Institute_of_Memorial_University_of_Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland">Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland</A> (MI or simply Marine Institute) is a post-secondary ocean and marine polytechnic in St. John's and is affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland. MUN offers the lowest tuition in Canada ($2,644, per academic year).<SUP id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-157">[156]</A></SUP>
</P><P>The <A href="/wiki/College_of_the_North_Atlantic" title="College of the North Atlantic">College of the North Atlantic</A> (CNA) is the public college of the province and operates two main campuses in the city.<SUP id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-158">[157]</A></SUP> CNA provides career, trade, and university-transfer programs for St. John's residents.<SUP id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-159">[158]</A></SUP>
</P><P>The city hosts several private colleges and post-secondary schools; Academy Canada, Eastern College, and Keyin College are the largest of these.<SUP id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-160">[159]</A></SUP>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Local_media">Local media</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Local media">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Media_in_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Media in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">Media in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador</A></DIV>
<P>St. John's has one daily newspaper, <I><A href="/wiki/The_Telegram" title="The Telegram">The Telegram</A></I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-161">[160]</A></SUP> Other local papers include <I><A href="/wiki/The_Muse_(student_paper)" title="The Muse (student paper)">The Muse</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/The_Gazette_(Newfoundland)" title="The Gazette (Newfoundland)">The Gazette</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Le_Gaboteur" title="Le Gaboteur">Le Gaboteur</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/The_Scope_(alternative_weekly)" title="The Scope (alternative weekly)">The Scope</A></I>, <I>The Business Post</I> and <I>The Current</I>. St. John's also receives the nationally distributed newspaper <I><A href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</A></I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-162">[161]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-163">[162]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-164">[163]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-165">[164]</A></SUP>
</P><P><A href="/wiki/CJON-DT" title="CJON-DT">CJON-DT</A>, known on air as "NTV", is an <A href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">independent station</A>. The station sublicenses entertainment programming from <A href="/wiki/Global_Television_Network" title="Global Television Network">Global</A> and news programming from <A href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</A> and Global, rather than purchasing primary broadcast rights. <A href="/wiki/Rogers_Cable" title="Rogers Cable">Rogers Cable</A> has its provincial headquarters in St. John's, and their community channel <A href="/wiki/Rogers_TV" title="Rogers TV">Rogers TV</A> airs local shows such as <I>Out of the Fog</I> and <I>One Chef One Critic</I>. <A href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC</A> has its Newfoundland and Labrador headquarters in the city and their television station <A href="/wiki/CBNT-DT" title="CBNT-DT">CBNT-DT</A> broadcasts from University Avenue.
</P><P>The city is home to 15 AM and FM radio stations, two of which are <A href="/wiki/French-language" class="mw-redirect" title="French-language">French-language</A> stations. St. John's is the only Canadian city served by radio stations whose call letters do not all begin with the letter <I>C</I>. The <A href="/wiki/ITU_prefix" title="ITU prefix">ITU prefix</A> <I>VO</I> was assigned to the <A href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Dominion of Newfoundland</A> before the province joined <A href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</A> in 1949, and three <A href="/wiki/AM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="AM radio">AM</A> stations kept their existing call letters. However, other commercial radio stations in St. John's that went to air after 1949 use the same range of prefixes (<I>CF</I>–<I>CK</I>) currently in use elsewhere in Canada, with the exception of <A href="/wiki/VOCM-FM" title="VOCM-FM">VOCM-FM</A>, which was permitted to adopt the VOCM callsign because of its corporate association with the AM station that already bore that callsign. VO remains in use in <A href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">amateur radio</A>.
</P><P><I>allNewfoundlandLabrador</I> is the city's daily <A href="/wiki/Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">online newspaper</A>, which focuses on business news from across the province.<SUP id="cite_ref-brad_166-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-brad-166">[165]</A></SUP>
</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Notable_people">Notable people</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of people from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">List of people from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador</A></DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sister cities">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL><LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><IMG alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/%C3%8Dlhavo" title="Ílhavo">Ílhavo</A>, Portugal<SUP id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-167">[166]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><IMG alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</A>, Ireland<SUP id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-168">[167]</A></SUP></LI></UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px">
<UL style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold">
<LI style="display:table-row"><SPAN style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/City_of_St._John%27s.jpg/32px-City_of_St._John%27s.jpg" width="32" height="21" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/City_of_St._John%27s.jpg/48px-City_of_St._John%27s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/City_of_St._John%27s.jpg/64px-City_of_St._John%27s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="467" /></SPAN><SPAN style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><A href="/wiki/Portal:St._John%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:St. John's">St. John's portal</A></SPAN></LI></UL></DIV>
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of municipalities in Newfoundland and Labrador">List of municipalities in Newfoundland and Labrador</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Parkway_(St._John%27s)" title="Parkway (St. John's)">Parkway (St. John's)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Category:People_from_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Category:People from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">Category:People from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador</A></LI></UL>
<DIV style="clear:right;"></DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
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<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150104105101/http://www.mun.ca/folklore/about/st.php">"St. John's – City of Legends"</A>. Memorial University. 13 February 2009. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mun.ca/folklore/about/st.php">the original</A> on 4 January 2015<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">4 January</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s+%E2%80%93+City+of+Legends&rft.pub=Memorial+University&rft.date=2009-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mun.ca%2Ffolklore%2Fabout%2Fst.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/diary/2diary/cmitchell">"Remembrance - Veterans Affairs Canada"</A>. Vac-acc.gc.ca. 2015-01-26<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-04-27</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembrance+-+Veterans+Affairs+Canada&rft.pub=Vac-acc.gc.ca&rft.date=2015-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vac-acc.gc.ca%2Fremembers%2Fsub.cfm%3Fsource%3Dcollections%2Fdiary%2F2diary%2Fcmitchell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-3"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ianvardy.com/sinjawns/">[1]</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103195732/http://www.ianvardy.com/sinjawns/">Archived</A> 3 January 2015 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>.</SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111034620/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/dictionary/d8ction.html">"Search: Dictionary of Newfoundland English"</A>. Heritage.nf.ca. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/dictionary/d8ction.html">the original</A> on 11 November 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">27 April</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Search%3A+Dictionary+of+Newfoundland+English&rft.pub=Heritage.nf.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.nf.ca%2Fdictionary%2Fd8ction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-statcan2011-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-statcan2011_5-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</A>. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=51&O=A&RPP=9999&CMA=0&PR=10">"Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-06-21</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+dwelling+counts%2C+for+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories%2C+and+census+subdivisions+%28municipalities%29%2C+2011+and+2006+censuses&rft.au=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Fhlt-fst%2Fpd-pl%2FTable-Tableau.cfm%3FLANG%3DEng%26T%3D302%26SR%3D1%26S%3D51%26O%3DA%26RPP%3D9999%26CMA%3D0%26PR%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.stats.gov.nl.ca/statistics/Census2016/PDF/Pop_CSD_Alphabetical_2016.pdf">http://www.stats.gov.nl.ca/statistics/Census2016/PDF/Pop_CSD_Alphabetical_2016.pdf</A></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-GNBC-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-GNBC_7-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/ABEFS">"St. John's"</A>. Natural Resources Canada. October 6, 2016.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s&rft.pub=Natural+Resources+Canada&rft.date=2016-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww4.rncan.gc.ca%2Fsearch-place-names%2Funique%2FABEFS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-community_profile-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-community_profile_8-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1001519&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=St.%20John%27s&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Housing&TABID=1">"Census Profile, 2016 Census - St. John's, City [Census subdivision], Newfoundland and Labrador and Canada [Country]"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2018-02-28</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Profile%2C+2016+Census+-+St.+John%27s%2C+City+%5BCensus+subdivision%5D%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador+and+Canada+%5BCountry%5D&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D1001519%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D01%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3DSt.%2520John%2527s%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DHousing%26TABID%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111103043048/http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/famil107a-eng.htm">"Median total income, by family type, by census metropolitan area"</A>. Statistics Canada. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/famil107a-eng.htm">the original</A> on 3 November 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Median+total+income%2C+by+family+type%2C+by+census+metropolitan+area&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww40.statcan.gc.ca%2Fl01%2Fcst01%2Ffamil107a-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-Encyclopedia-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_10-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_10-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Melvin Baker. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/st-johns/">"St. John's"</A>. <I>The Encyclopedia of Music in Canada</I>. The Canadian Encyclopedia<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Music+in+Canada&rft.atitle=St.+John%27s&rft.au=Melvin+Baker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fst-johns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation_11-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation_11-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/06/29/cape-spear050629.html?email">"Cape Spear's 'most easterly' sign to stay in place"</A>. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 June 2005<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cape+Spear%27s+%27most+easterly%27+sign+to+stay+in+place&rft.date=2005-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fcanada%2Fstory%2F2005%2F06%2F29%2Fcape-spear050629.html%3Femail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-heritage.nf.ca-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-heritage.nf.ca_12-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-heritage.nf.ca_12-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/cabot1497.html">"John Cabot's Voyage of 1497"</A>. <I>Newfoundland and Labrador heritage Web Site Project</I>. Memorial University of Newfoundland. November 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-08-08</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newfoundland+and+Labrador+heritage+Web+Site+Project&rft.atitle=John+Cabot%27s+Voyage+of+1497&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.nf.ca%2Fexploration%2Fcabot1497.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-kiosk-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-kiosk_13-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-kiosk_13-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-kiosk_13-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-kiosk_13-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-kiosk_13-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-kiosk_13-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-kiosk_13-6"><SUP><I><B>g</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110103005802/http://www.stjohnskiosk.com/history.php">"History of St. John's"</A>. St. John's Kiosk. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohnskiosk.com/history.php">the original</A> on 3 January 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">16 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+St.+John%27s&rft.pub=St.+John%27s+Kiosk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohnskiosk.com%2Fhistory.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-oldest_city-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-oldest_city_14-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-oldest_city_14-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="/wiki/Paul_O%27Neill_(author)" title="Paul O'Neill (author)">Paul O'Neill</A>, <I>The Oldest City: The Story of St. John's, Newfoundland</I>, 2003, <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9730271-2-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9730271-2-6">0-9730271-2-6</A>.</SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-2017_population_estimates-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2017_population_estimates_15-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/180213/t001a-eng.htm">"Table 1: Annual population estimates by census metropolitan area, July 1, 2017"</A>. Statistics Canada<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2018-02-13</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+1%3A+Annual+population+estimates+by+census+metropolitan+area%2C+July+1%2C+2017&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Fdaily-quotidien%2F180213%2Ft001a-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-16"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/demo05a-eng.htm">"Population of census metropolitan areas"</A>. Statistics Canada<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 3,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+of+census+metropolitan+areas&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Ftables-tableaux%2Fsum-som%2Fl01%2Fcst01%2Fdemo05a-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Belrose-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Belrose_17-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Belrose_17-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Belrose, John S. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee.ca/millennium/radio/radio_differences.html">"Fessenden and Marconi: Their Differing Technologies and Transatlantic Experiments During the First Decade of this Century"</A>. IEEE Canada<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">8 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fessenden+and+Marconi%3A+Their+Differing+Technologies+and+Transatlantic+Experiments+During+the+First+Decade+of+this+Century&rft.pub=IEEE+Canada&rft.aulast=Belrose&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieee.ca%2Fmillennium%2Fradio%2Fradio_differences.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/photos-top-10-oceanfront-cities/#/oceanfront-stjohns-canada_86312_600x450.jpg">"Photos: Top 10 Oceanfront Cities - National Geographic"</A>. Travel.nationalgeographic.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-04-27</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photos%3A+Top+10+Oceanfront+Cities+-+National+Geographic&rft.pub=Travel.nationalgeographic.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.nationalgeographic.com%2Ftravel%2Fphotos-top-10-oceanfront-cities%2F%23%2Foceanfront-stjohns-canada_86312_600x450.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-19"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84389437/f1.item">"Océan Atlantique nord. Reproduction grandeur de l'original d'une partie de la mappemonde de 1544 / par Sébastien Cabot"</A>. Sebastian Cabot. 1544.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oc%C3%A9an+Atlantique+nord.+Reproduction+grandeur+de+l%27original+d%27une+partie+de+la+mappemonde+de+1544+%2F+par+S%C3%A9bastien+Cabot&rft.pub=Sebastian+Cabot&rft.date=1544&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbtv1b84389437%2Ff1.item&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-20"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><I>Cartografía Marítima Hispana</I>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7782-265-4" title="Special:BookSources/84-7782-265-4">84-7782-265-4</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cartograf%C3%ADa+Mar%C3%ADtima+Hispana&rft.isbn=84-7782-265-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-21"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513200219/http://library.thinkquest.org/J002678F/john_cabot.htm">"Oracle ThinkQuest – John Cabot"</A>. Library.thinkquest.org. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.thinkquest.org/J002678F/john_cabot.htm">the original</A> on 13 May 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oracle+ThinkQuest+%E2%80%93+John+Cabot&rft.pub=Library.thinkquest.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.thinkquest.org%2FJ002678F%2Fjohn_cabot.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-22"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/cabot1497.html">"John Cabot's Voyage of 1497"</A>. Heritage.nf.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Cabot%27s+Voyage+of+1497&rft.pub=Heritage.nf.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.nf.ca%2Fexploration%2Fcabot1497.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's-23"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's_23-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's_23-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's_23-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's_23-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's_23-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-The_Early_Settlement_of_St._John's_23-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/stjohns.html">"The Early Settlement of St. John's"</A>. Heritage.nf.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Early+Settlement+of+St.+John%27s&rft.pub=Heritage.nf.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.nf.ca%2Fexploration%2Fstjohns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-Gilbert-24"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Gilbert_24-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation encyclopaedia">Quinn, David B. (1979) [1966]. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/gilbert_humphrey_1E.html">"Gilbert, Sir Humphrey"</A>.  In Brown, George Williams. <I><A href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</A></I>. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gilbert%2C+Sir+Humphrey&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=David+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fgilbert_humphrey_1E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-Brief_History-25"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Brief_History_25-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Stephen Luscombe. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/newfoundland.htm">"Newfoundland: Brief History"</A>. <I>The British Empire</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-16</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Empire&rft.atitle=Newfoundland%3A+Brief+History&rft.au=Stephen+Luscombe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishempire.co.uk%2Fmaproom%2Fnewfoundland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Higgins-26"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Higgins_26-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Higgins_26-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Higgins, Jenny. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/settlement_patterns.html">"Migratory Fishery and Settlement Patterns"</A>. <I>Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage</I>. N&L Heritage Website<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">20 September</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newfoundland+and+Labrador+Heritage&rft.atitle=Migratory+Fishery+and+Settlement+Patterns&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.nf.ca%2Fexploration%2Fsettlement_patterns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-27"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-27"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/lhn-nhs/nl/signalhill/natcul/histor.aspx">"Signal Hill National Historic Site of Canada History"</A>. Pc.gc.ca. 15 April 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Signal+Hill+National+Historic+Site+of+Canada+History&rft.pub=Pc.gc.ca&rft.date=2009-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pc.gc.ca%2Feng%2Flhn-nhs%2Fnl%2Fsignalhill%2Fnatcul%2Fhistor.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-FT-28"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FT_28-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/defence_fisheries.html">"Fort Amherst history"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-08-27</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fort+Amherst+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.nf.ca%2Fexploration%2Fdefence_fisheries.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-29"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-29"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/jame/index.htm">"Jamestown, A Place of Many Beginnings"</A>. US National Park Service website.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jamestown%2C+A+Place+of+Many+Beginnings&rft.pub=US+National+Park+Service+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fjame%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-30"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-30"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/983">"Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications, Bermuda"</A>. UNESCO<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">20 September</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Town+of+St+George+and+Related+Fortifications%2C+Bermuda&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-31"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-31"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513200226/http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=2223">"The 400th Anniversary of Cupids, NL – the Oldest English Colony in Canada"</A>. Government of Canada. 14 September 2008. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=2223">the original</A> on 13 May 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">10 March</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+400th+Anniversary+of+Cupids%2C+NL+%E2%80%93+the+Oldest+English+Colony+in+Canada&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada&rft.date=2008-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pm.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fmedia.asp%3Fid%3D2223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-UIU-32"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-UIU_32-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/society/united-irish-uprising.php">The United Irish Uprising in Newfoundland, 1800</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-City_of_Fire-33"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-City_of_Fire_33-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-City_of_Fire_33-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Paul Butler (22 August 2007). <I>St. John's: City of Fire</I>. Flanker Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-897317-11-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-897317-11-5">1-897317-11-5</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s%3A+City+of+Fire&rft.pub=Flanker+Press&rft.date=2007-08-22&rft.isbn=1-897317-11-5&rft.au=Paul+Butler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-34"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-34"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviation-history.com/airmen/alcock.htm">"Alcock and Brown"</A>. Aviation History Online Museum<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2009-04-17</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alcock+and+Brown&rft.pub=Aviation+History+Online+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aviation-history.com%2Fairmen%2Falcock.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-35"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-35"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4645853.stm">"Historic flight lands in Ireland"</A>. BBC News. 3 July 2005<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2009-04-17</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Historic+flight+lands+in+Ireland&rft.date=2005-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F4645853.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-36"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-36"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Berhow, Mark A., Ed. (2015). <I>American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide, Third Edition</I>. McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. p. 225. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9748167-3-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9748167-3-9">978-0-9748167-3-9</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Seacoast+Defenses%2C+A+Reference+Guide%2C+Third+Edition&rft.place=McLean%2C+Virginia&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=CDSG+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-9748167-3-9&rft.aulast=Berhow&rft.aufirst=Mark+A.%2C+Ed.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-37"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-37"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdsg.org/defenses-in-newfoundland-canada/">US coast defences in Newfoundland at the Coast Defense Study Group website</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-LastDance-38"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-LastDance_38-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Darrin_McGrath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darrin McGrath (page does not exist)">Darrin McGrath</A> (December 2002). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711005126/http://www.flankerpress.com/last_dance_excerpt.shtml"><I>Last Dance: The Knights of Columbus Fire</I></A>. St. John's, <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland</A>, Canada: <A href="/w/index.php?title=Flanker_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flanker Press (page does not exist)">Flanker Press</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-894463-25-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-894463-25-0">1-894463-25-0</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flankerpress.com/last_dance_excerpt.shtml">the original</A> on 11 July 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">16 April</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Last+Dance%3A+The+Knights+of+Columbus+Fire&rft.place=St.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland%2C+Canada&rft.pub=Flanker+Press&rft.date=2002-12&rft.isbn=1-894463-25-0&rft.au=Darrin+McGrath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flankerpress.com%2Flast_dance_excerpt.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-39"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-39"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Higgins, Jenny (2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/moratorium_impacts.html"><I>Economic Impacts of the Cod Moratorium</I></A>. Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web Site.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+Impacts+of+the+Cod+Moratorium&rft.pub=Newfoundland+and+Labrador+Heritage+Web+Site&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.nf.ca%2Fsociety%2Fmoratorium_impacts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-40"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-40"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Leah Fusco. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~oilpower/documents/NL%20oil%207-25-1.pdf">"Offshore Oil: An Overview of Development in Newfoundland and Labrador"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <I>Oil, Power and Dependency</I>. Memorial University of Newfoundland<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oil%2C+Power+and+Dependency&rft.atitle=Offshore+Oil%3A+An+Overview+of+Development+in+Newfoundland+and+Labrador&rft.au=Leah+Fusco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucs.mun.ca%2F~oilpower%2Fdocuments%2FNL%2520oil%25207-25-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-41"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-41"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2006/08/17/trade-midyear.html">"CBC News: Some thorns in rosy outlook: St. John's trade board (Released August 08, 2006)"</A>. Cbc.ca. 17 August 2006<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CBC+News%3A+Some+thorns+in+rosy+outlook%3A+St.+John%27s+trade+board+%28Released+August+08%2C+2006%29&rft.date=2006-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstory%2F2006%2F08%2F17%2Ftrade-midyear.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-42"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-42"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/results-resultats_eng.aspx?p=1&m=25&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24txtKeyword=&desCheck=NHS&c=St.+John%27s&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24ddlProvince=100003&dey=&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24ddlCustodian=">"St. John's"</A>. <I>Directory of Federal Heritage Designations</I>. <A href="/wiki/Parks_Canada" title="Parks Canada">Parks Canada</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">6 August</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Directory+of+Federal+Heritage+Designations&rft.atitle=St.+John%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pc.gc.ca%2Fapps%2Fdfhd%2Fresults-resultats_eng.aspx%3Fp%3D1%26m%3D25%26ctl00%2524Main%2524PageSearch1%2524txtKeyword%3D%26desCheck%3DNHS%26c%3DSt.%2BJohn%2527s%26ctl00%2524Main%2524PageSearch1%2524ddlProvince%3D100003%26dey%3D%26ctl00%2524Main%2524PageSearch1%2524ddlCustodian%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-43"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-43"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/results-resultats_eng.aspx?p=1&m=10&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24txtKeyword=&desCheck=NHS&c=St.+Johns&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24ddlProvince=100003&dey=&ctl00%24Main%24PageSearch1%24ddlCustodian=">"St. Johns"</A>. <I>Directory of Federal Heritage Designations</I>. <A href="/wiki/Parks_Canada" title="Parks Canada">Parks Canada</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">6 August</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Directory+of+Federal+Heritage+Designations&rft.atitle=St.+Johns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pc.gc.ca%2Fapps%2Fdfhd%2Fresults-resultats_eng.aspx%3Fp%3D1%26m%3D10%26ctl00%2524Main%2524PageSearch1%2524txtKeyword%3D%26desCheck%3DNHS%26c%3DSt.%2BJohns%26ctl00%2524Main%2524PageSearch1%2524ddlProvince%3D100003%26dey%3D%26ctl00%2524Main%2524PageSearch1%2524ddlCustodian%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-distancecalculator-44"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-distancecalculator_44-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/distances.html?n=175">"Distance from St. John's to ..."</A> <I>timeanddate.com</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">4 March</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=timeanddate.com&rft.atitle=Distance+from+St.+John%27s+to+...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Fworldclock%2Fdistances.html%3Fn%3D175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-45"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-45"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=201&S=3&O=D&RPP=150">"Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2006 and 2001 censuses"</A>. Statistics Canada<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+dwelling+counts%2C+for+census+metropolitan+areas+and+census+agglomerations%2C+2006+and+2001+censuses&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fdata%2Fpopdwell%2FTable.cfm%3FT%3D201%26S%3D3%26O%3DD%26RPP%3D150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-46"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-46"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Heidi Fry, Krista Ryall, Peggy Dixon and Dan Quiring (2008). Suppression of <I>Ennomos subsignaria</I> (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) on <I>Acer pseudoplatanus</I> (Aceraceae) in an Urban Forest with Bole-Implanted Acephate. Journal of Economic Entomology 101(3):829–837.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Foggiest_location-47"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Foggiest_location_47-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20130219193253/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=37&submit=Submit">"National Climate Data and Information Archive"</A>. Environment Canada. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=37&submit=Submit">the original</A> on 2013-02-19<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-01-23</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Climate+Data+and+Information+Archive&rft.pub=Environment+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca%2Fwinners%2Fcategorydata_e.html%3FSelectedCategory%3D37%26submit%3DSubmit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Windiest_location_year-round-48"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Windiest_location_year-round_48-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20121216045102/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=60&submit=Submit">"National Climate Data and Information Archive"</A>. Environment Canada. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=60&submit=Submit">the original</A> on 16 December 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">23 January</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Climate+Data+and+Information+Archive&rft.pub=Environment+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca%2Fwinners%2Fcategorydata_e.html%3FSelectedCategory%3D60%26submit%3DSubmit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-Cloudiest_skies_year-round-49"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Cloudiest_skies_year-round_49-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20130219192052/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=58&submit=Submit">"National Climate Data and Information Archive"</A>. Environment Canada. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=58&submit=Submit">the original</A> on 2013-02-19<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-01-23</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Climate+Data+and+Information+Archive&rft.pub=Environment+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca%2Fwinners%2Fcategorydata_e.html%3FSelectedCategory%3D58%26submit%3DSubmit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-August_1876-50"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-August_1876_50-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-August_1876_50-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Canada, Environment and Climate Change. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1874-01-01%7C1956-03-31&mlyRange=1874-01-01%7C1956-12-01&StationID=6718&Prov=NL&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=1887&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=st+johns&timeframe=2&Day=18&Year=1876&Month=8#">"Daily Data Report for August 1876 - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada"</A>. <I>climate.weather.gc.ca</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2018-06-19</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=climate.weather.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Daily+Data+Report+for+August+1876+-+Climate+-+Environment+and+Climate+Change+Canada&rft.aulast=Canada&rft.aufirst=Environment+and+Climate+Change&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1874-01-01%257C1956-03-31%26mlyRange%3D1874-01-01%257C1956-12-01%26StationID%3D6718%26Prov%3DNL%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnName%26optLimit%3DyearRange%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D1887%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D0%26searchMethod%3Dcontains%26txtStationName%3Dst%2Bjohns%26timeframe%3D2%26Day%3D18%26Year%3D1876%26Month%3D8%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-February_1875-51"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-February_1875_51-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-February_1875_51-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1874-01-01%7C1956-03-31&mlyRange=1874-01-01%7C1956-12-01&StationID=6718&Prov=NL&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=2&Day=9&txtStationName=st+johns&timeframe=2&Year=1875">"February 1875"</A>. Climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca. February 25, 2016<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 25,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=February+1875&rft.pub=Climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca&rft.date=2016-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1874-01-01%257C1956-03-31%26mlyRange%3D1874-01-01%257C1956-12-01%26StationID%3D6718%26Prov%3DNL%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnName%26optLimit%3DyearRange%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D0%26searchMethod%3Dcontains%26Month%3D2%26Day%3D9%26txtStationName%3Dst%2Bjohns%26timeframe%3D2%26Year%3D1875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-St_John's-52"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-St_John's_52-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-St_John's_52-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=st+john%27s&searchMethod=begins&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=1930&Year=2016&Month=6&Day=9&selRowPerPage=25">"St John's"</A>. <I>Canadian Climate Data</I>. Environment Canada<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">8 April</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&rft.atitle=St+John%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fhistorical_data%2Fsearch_historic_data_stations_e.html%3FsearchType%3DstnName%26timeframe%3D1%26txtStationName%3Dst%2Bjohn%2527s%26searchMethod%3Dbegins%26optLimit%3DyearRange%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D1930%26Year%3D2016%26Month%3D6%26Day%3D9%26selRowPerPage%3D25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-YYTstats-53"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-YYTstats_53-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-YYTstats_53-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">
<CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=6720&lang=e&dCode=1&province=NFLD&provBut=Go&month1=0&month2=12">"St John's A"</A>. <I>Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010</I>. <A href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</A>. June 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">16 March</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Normals+1981%E2%80%932010&rft.atitle=St+John%27s+A&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_normals%2Fresults_1981_2010_e.html%3FstnID%3D6720%26lang%3De%26dCode%3D1%26province%3DNFLD%26provBut%3DGo%26month1%3D0%26month2%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-55"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-55"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">
<CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/NFLD/NFLD_ROCK-WOOD_ENG.csv">"Climate and sunshine data for St John's A"</A>. <I>Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010</I>. <A href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</A>. June 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">16 September</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Normals+1981%E2%80%932010&rft.atitle=Climate+and+sunshine+data+for+St+John%27s+A&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.tor.ec.gc.ca%2FPub%2FNormals%2FEnglish%2FNFLD%2FNFLD_ROCK-WOOD_ENG.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-56"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-56"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?StationID=50089&Month=12&Day=1&Year=2017&timeframe=2&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2018">Daily Data Report for December 2017 - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada</A></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-57"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-57"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Schlegel, Jeff (28 July 2006). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/travel/articles/nytimes/articles/2006/07/28/st_johns_newfoundland/">"St. Johns, Newfoundland"</A>. <I>The Boston Globe</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=St.+Johns%2C+Newfoundland&rft.date=2006-07-28&rft.aulast=Schlegel&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Ftravel%2Farticles%2Fnytimes%2Farticles%2F2006%2F07%2F28%2Fst_johns_newfoundland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-58"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-58"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016204712/http://www.stjohns.ca/cityservices/planning/pdfs/Heritagefinal.pdf">"St. John's Heritage Areas, Heritage Buildings and Public View"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <I>PHB Group Inc</I>. City of St. John's. 21 March 2003. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohns.ca/cityservices/planning/pdfs/Heritagefinal.pdf">the original</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN> on 16 October 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PHB+Group+Inc.&rft.atitle=St.+John%27s+Heritage+Areas%2C+Heritage+Buildings+and+Public+View&rft.date=2003-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohns.ca%2Fcityservices%2Fplanning%2Fpdfs%2FHeritagefinal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-59"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-59"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2010/01/21/nl-councillors-fortis-121.html">"Wait and see on Fortis proposal: St. John's councillors"</A>. Cbc.ca. 21 January 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wait+and+see+on+Fortis+proposal%3A+St.+John%27s+councillors&rft.date=2010-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstory%2F2010%2F01%2F21%2Fnl-councillors-fortis-121.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-60"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-60"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2010/01/20/nl-fortis-critics-120.html?ref=rss&loomia_si=t0:a16:g2:r1:c0.152619:b29896682">"Critics slam St. John's high-rise proposal"</A>. Cbc.ca. 20 January 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Critics+slam+St.+John%27s+high-rise+proposal&rft.date=2010-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstory%2F2010%2F01%2F20%2Fnl-fortis-critics-120.html%3Fref%3Drss%26loomia_si%3Dt0%3Aa16%3Ag2%3Ar1%3Ac0.152619%3Ab29896682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-61"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-61"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2010/02/05/nl-woolworth-building-205.html">"Proposal to replace St. John's eyesore gets praise"</A>. Cbc.ca. 5 February 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Proposal+to+replace+St.+John%27s+eyesore+gets+praise&rft.date=2010-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstory%2F2010%2F02%2F05%2Fnl-woolworth-building-205.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-62"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-62"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2009/02/12/harbour-hotel.html">"Planned harbour front hotel too tall, public meeting told"</A>. Cbc.ca. 12 February 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Planned+harbour+front+hotel+too+tall%2C+public+meeting+told&rft.date=2009-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstory%2F2009%2F02%2F12%2Fharbour-hotel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-63"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-63"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">PHB Group, Inc. (May 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohns.ca/pdfs/1832-01%20LUAR%20FINAL_351%20Water%20St.%202010%20May%2028.pdf">"Land Use Assessment Report: Proposed Office and Parking Building – 351 Water Street"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. p. 16<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Land+Use+Assessment+Report%3A+Proposed+Office+and+Parking+Building+%E2%80%93+351+Water+Street&rft.pages=16&rft.date=2010-05&rft.au=PHB+Group%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohns.ca%2Fpdfs%2F1832-01%2520LUAR%2520FINAL_351%2520Water%2520St.%25202010%2520May%252028.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template"><SPAN style="white-space: nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><SPAN title=" Dead link since May 2018">permanent dead link</SPAN></A></I>]</SPAN></SUP></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-64"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-64"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohns.ca/sites/default/files/files/publication/CSJ%20Population%20Projections.pdf">"Population Projections for the City of St. John's"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. Economic Research and Analysis Division Department of Finance<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 June</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+Projections+for+the+City+of+St.+John%27s&rft.pub=Economic+Research+and+Analysis+Division+Department+of+Finance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohns.ca%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fpublication%2FCSJ%2520Population%2520Projections.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2006_Community_Profiles-65"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2006_Community_Profiles_65-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1001519&Geo2=PR&Code2=12&Data=Count&SearchText=St.John's&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=">"2006 Community Profiles"</A>. <I>Statistics Canada</I>. 2.statcan.ca. 6 December 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=2006+Community+Profiles&rft.date=2010-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2006%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2F92-591%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D1001519%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D12%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3DSt.John%27s%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-66"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-66"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=1&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=92339&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=80&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">Ethnic Origin Data for St. John's, 2006</A>. <A href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</A>. Retrieved on 17 April 2009.</SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-CMA_Breakdown-67"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-CMA_Breakdown_67-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-CMA_Breakdown_67-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=303&CMA=1&S=0&O=A&RPP=25">"St. John's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) with census subdivision (municipal) population breakdowns"</A>. Statistics Canada. 5 November 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-23</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s+Census+Metropolitan+Area+%28CMA%29+with+census+subdivision+%28municipal%29+population+breakdowns&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2008-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fdata%2Fpopdwell%2FTable.cfm%3FT%3D303%26CMA%3D1%26S%3D0%26O%3DA%26RPP%3D25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-2006CensAllCMAs-68"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2006CensAllCMAs_68-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=205&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=33">"Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas (ALL), 2006 and 2001 censuses – 100% data"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</A>, 2006 Census of Population</I>. 13 March 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-13</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada%2C+2006+Census+of+Population&rft.atitle=Population+and+dwelling+counts%2C+for+census+metropolitan+areas+%28ALL%29%2C+2006+and+2001+censuses+%E2%80%93+100%25+data&rft.date=2007-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fdata%2Fpopdwell%2FTable.cfm%3FT%3D205%26SR%3D1%26S%3D3%26O%3DD%26RPP%3D33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2010_population-69"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2010_population_69-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/91-214-x/2009000/t013-eng.htm">"Table 1.1–1 Annual population estimates by census metropolitan area, Canada – Population by sex at July 1"</A>. Statistics Canada<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-02-04</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+1.1%E2%80%931+Annual+population+estimates+by+census+metropolitan+area%2C+Canada+%E2%80%93+Population+by+sex+at+July+1&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Fpub%2F91-214-x%2F2009000%2Ft013-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-70"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-70"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1001519&Data=Count&SearchText=st.%20john's&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1">"NHS Profile, St. John's, CY, Newfoundland and Labrador, 2011"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 March</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NHS+Profile%2C+St.+John%27s%2C+CY%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador%2C+2011&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fnhs-enm%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D1001519%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3Dst.%2520john%27s%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26A1%3DAll%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D%26TABID%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-71"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-71"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081018200104/http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo27a.htm">"Population by selected ethnic origins, by census metropolitan areas (2006 Census)"</A>. 0.statcan.ca. 14 August 2009. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo27a.htm">the original</A> on 18 October 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 December</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+by+selected+ethnic+origins%2C+by+census+metropolitan+areas+%282006+Census%29&rft.pub=0.statcan.ca&rft.date=2009-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww40.statcan.ca%2Fl01%2Fcst01%2Fdemo27a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-72"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-72"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1001519&Data=Count&SearchText=St.%20John%27s&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=1001519&TABID=1">"National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011"</A>. 2.statcan.gc.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-04-27</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Household+Survey+%28NHS%29+Profile%2C+2011&rft.pub=2.statcan.gc.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fnhs-enm%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D1001519%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3DSt.%2520John%2527s%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26A1%3DAll%26B1%3DAll%26GeoLevel%3DPR%26GeoCode%3D1001519%26TABID%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-73"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-73"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005230634/http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/govt58a-eng.htm?sdi=st%20john%20employment">"Statistics Canada – Federal government employment, wages and salaries, by census metropolitan area"</A>. 0.statcan.gc.ca. 24 November 2010. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/govt58a-eng.htm?sdi=st%20john%20employment">the original</A> on 5 October 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+Canada+%E2%80%93+Federal+government+employment%2C+wages+and+salaries%2C+by+census+metropolitan+area&rft.pub=0.statcan.gc.ca&rft.date=2010-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww40.statcan.gc.ca%2Fl01%2Fcst01%2Fgovt58a-eng.htm%3Fsdi%3Dst%2520john%2520employment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-74"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-74"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Baker, Melvin. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/st-johns/">"St. John's"</A>. The Canadian Encyclopedia<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s&rft.pub=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Melvin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fst-johns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-75"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-75"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohns.ca/cityhall/pdfs/StatisticalProfileJul2010.pdf">"Statistical Profile St. John's Metro Area"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. June 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Profile+St.+John%27s+Metro+Area&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohns.ca%2Fcityhall%2Fpdfs%2FStatisticalProfileJul2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template"><SPAN style="white-space: nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><SPAN title=" Dead link since July 2018">permanent dead link</SPAN></A></I>]</SPAN></SUP></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-76"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-76"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cbc.ca/economy_business/natural_resources/clips/10943/">"<SPAN style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</SPAN>The Biggest Layoff in Canadian History<SPAN style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</SPAN>"</A>. Archives.cbc.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27The+Biggest+Layoff+in+Canadian+History%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.cbc.ca%2Feconomy_business%2Fnatural_resources%2Fclips%2F10943%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-77"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-77"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306095131/http://www.energycities.org/partner-cities">"The Partnership"</A>. World Energy Cities Partnership. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.energycities.org/partner-cities">the original</A> on 6 March 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">6 April</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Partnership&rft.pub=World+Energy+Cities+Partnership&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.energycities.org%2Fpartner-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-78"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-78"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2010/07/21/nl-exxonmobile-relocting-721.html">"ExxonMobil Canada moving to St. John's"</A>. <I>Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</I>. 21 July 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">3 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=ExxonMobil+Canada+moving+to+St.+John%27s&rft.date=2010-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstory%2F2010%2F07%2F21%2Fnl-exxonmobile-relocting-721.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-79"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-79"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513203114/http://investincanada.gc.ca/eng/explore-our-regions/atlantic-canada/newfoundland-and-labrador/st-johns.aspx">"St. John's Profile"</A>. Invest in Canada. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investincanada.gc.ca/eng/explore-our-regions/atlantic-canada/newfoundland-and-labrador/st-johns.aspx">the original</A> on 13 May 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s+Profile&rft.pub=Invest+in+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestincanada.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fexplore-our-regions%2Fatlantic-canada%2Fnewfoundland-and-labrador%2Fst-johns.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-80"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-80"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513203118/http://investincanada.gc.ca/eng/explore-our-regions/atlantic-canada/newfoundland-and-labrador.aspx">"NL Profile"</A>. Invest in Canada. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investincanada.gc.ca/eng/explore-our-regions/atlantic-canada/newfoundland-and-labrador.aspx">the original</A> on 13 May 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NL+Profile&rft.pub=Invest+in+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestincanada.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fexplore-our-regions%2Fatlantic-canada%2Fnewfoundland-and-labrador.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-81"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-81"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2008/08/20/hebron-today.html">"N.L. expects $20B from Hebron oil deal"</A>. <I>Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</I>. 20 August 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">3 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=N.L.+expects+%2420B+from+Hebron+oil+deal&rft.date=2008-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstory%2F2008%2F08%2F20%2Fhebron-today.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-82"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-82"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">MacEachern, Daniel (12 January 2012). "St. John's economic growth slowing to crawl". <I>The Telegram</I>. pp. D1.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegram&rft.atitle=St.+John%27s+economic+growth+slowing+to+crawl&rft.pages=D1&rft.date=2012-01-12&rft.aulast=MacEachern&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> <SPAN style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</CODE> requires <CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</CODE> (<A href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</A>)</SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-83"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-83"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohns.ca/cityhall/pdfs/2010-2013CorporateStrategicPlan.pdf">"2.0 The Current Environment"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <I>2010 – 2013 Corporate Strategic Plan</I>. City of St. John's. June 2010. p. 2<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2010+%E2%80%93+2013+Corporate+Strategic+Plan&rft.atitle=2.0+The+Current+Environment&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2010-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohns.ca%2Fcityhall%2Fpdfs%2F2010-2013CorporateStrategicPlan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template"><SPAN style="white-space: nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><SPAN title=" Dead link since July 2018">permanent dead link</SPAN></A></I>]</SPAN></SUP></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-84"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-84"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/jobs/history-of-regional-unemployment-rates-in-canada/article1702302/?from=2055169">"History of regional unemployment rates in Canada"</A>. <I>2011-06-10</I>. Globe and Mail<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-06-11</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=2011-06-10&rft.atitle=History+of+regional+unemployment+rates+in+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Freport-on-business%2Feconomy%2Fjobs%2Fhistory-of-regional-unemployment-rates-in-canada%2Farticle1702302%2F%3Ffrom%3D2055169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-85"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-85"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Wong, Queenie. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513181652/http://www.cfib-fcei.ca/english/research/canada/110-economic_development/1320-communities_in_boom__canada%E2%80%99s_top_entrepreneurial_cities.html">"Communities in Boom: Canada's Top Entrepreneurial Cities in 2009"</A>. Canadian Federation of Independent Business. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfib-fcei.ca/english/research/canada/110-economic_development/1320-communities_in_boom__canada%E2%80%99s_top_entrepreneurial_cities.html">the original</A> on 13 May 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">3 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communities+in+Boom%3A+Canada%E2%80%99s+Top+Entrepreneurial+Cities+in+2009&rft.pub=Canadian+Federation+of+Independent+Business&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Queenie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfib-fcei.ca%2Fenglish%2Fresearch%2Fcanada%2F110-economic_development%2F1320-communities_in_boom__canada%25E2%2580%2599s_top_entrepreneurial_cities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-86"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-86"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.georgestreetlive.ca/about/">"About George Street"</A>. George Street Entertainment District<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-03-14</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+George+Street&rft.pub=George+Street+Entertainment+District&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.georgestreetlive.ca%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-87"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-87"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2008/08/06/george-street.html">"Famous George Street may get makeover, city of St. John's says"</A>. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 6 August 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-03-14</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Famous+George+Street+may+get+makeover%2C+city+of+St.+John%27s+says&rft.date=2008-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstory%2F2008%2F08%2F06%2Fgeorge-street.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-88"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-88"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120422040321/http://www.rca.nf.ca/pages.aspx?id=3">"A Brief History of "The Hall<SPAN style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</SPAN>"</A>. Resource Centre for the Arts. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rca.nf.ca/pages.aspx?id=3">the original</A> on 22 April 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">6 April</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+%22The+Hall%22&rft.pub=Resource+Centre+for+the+Arts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rca.nf.ca%2Fpages.aspx%3Fid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-89"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-89"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artsandculturecentre.com/stjohns/index.html">"Arts and Culture Website"</A>. Artsandculturecentre.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arts+and+Culture+Website&rft.pub=Artsandculturecentre.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artsandculturecentre.com%2Fstjohns%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-90"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-90"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womensfilmfestival.com/">"womensfilmfestival.com"</A>. womensfilmfestival.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=womensfilmfestival.com&rft.pub=womensfilmfestival.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womensfilmfestival.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-91"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-91"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=2331&pid=0">Provincial Museum of Newfoundland and Labrador</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Canadian_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Canadian Register of Historic Places">Canadian Register of Historic Places</A></I>.  </SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-92"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-92"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726153127/http://www.therooms.ca/abouttherooms.asp">"About The Rooms"</A>. The Rooms. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.therooms.ca/abouttherooms.asp">the original</A> on 26 July 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">31 July</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+The+Rooms&rft.pub=The+Rooms&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.therooms.ca%2Fabouttherooms.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-93"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-93"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaycoastalmuseum.ca/">"The Railway Coastal Museum"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2009-09-10</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Railway+Coastal+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaycoastalmuseum.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-94"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-94"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocentre.ca/">"The Johnson GEO CENTRE"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2009-10-12</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Johnson+GEO+CENTRE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocentre.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
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<LI id="cite_note-95"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-95"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728175836/http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/docs/r/system-reseau/sec6/sites-lieux65.aspx">"Parks Canada's list of Historical Sites in NL"</A>. Pc.gc.ca. 15 April 2009. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/docs/r/system-reseau/sec6/sites-lieux65.aspx">the original</A> on 28 July 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parks+Canada%27s+list+of+Historical+Sites+in+NL&rft.pub=Pc.gc.ca&rft.date=2009-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pc.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fdocs%2Fr%2Fsystem-reseau%2Fsec6%2Fsites-lieux65.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Attractions-96"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Attractions_96-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Attractions_96-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://downtownstjohns.com/discover/attractions/">"Downtown St. John's Attractions"</A>. Downtownstjohns.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Downtown+St.+John%27s+Attractions&rft.pub=Downtownstjohns.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdowntownstjohns.com%2Fdiscover%2Fattractions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-97"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-97"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714133204/http://www.murraypremises.com/history.aspx">"Murray Premises Hotel History"</A>. Murraypremises.com. 30 November 1979. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.murraypremises.com/history.aspx">the original</A> on 14 July 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Murray+Premises+Hotel+History&rft.pub=Murraypremises.com&rft.date=1979-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.murraypremises.com%2Fhistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-98"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-98"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Atlantic Cable. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlantic-cable.com/NF2001/NF2001Images/NF0127e.jpg">IEEE Milestone Plaque</A></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-99"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-99"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Parks Canada . <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/nl/signalhill/index_e.asp">Signal Hill National Historic Site</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041011090345/http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/nl/signalhill/index_e.asp">Archived</A> 11 October 2004 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-100"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-100"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715084901/http://pippypark.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=81%2F">"Pippy Park"</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pippypark.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=81/">the original</A> on 15 July 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">19 September</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pippy+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpippypark.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D83%26Itemid%3D81%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-101"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-101"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Shalev, Gil. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004172750/http://www.bowringpark.com/usr/documents/bowringpark_history.pdf">"Bowring Park"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. Bowring Park Foundation. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bowringpark.com/usr/documents/bowringpark_history.pdf">the original</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN> on 4 October 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">3 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bowring+Park&rft.pub=Bowring+Park+Foundation&rft.aulast=Shalev&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bowringpark.com%2Fusr%2Fdocuments%2Fbowringpark_history.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-102"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-102"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://downtownstjohns.com/discover/attractions/">"St. John's Downtown Development Commission, Local Attractions"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2010-10-20</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s+Downtown+Development+Commission%2C+Local+Attractions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdowntownstjohns.com%2Fdiscover%2Fattractions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-103"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-103"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110827143822/http://www.nlaa.ca/tely10/course.php">"Tely 10 – Race Course"</A>. Newfoundland and Labrador Athletic Association. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlaa.ca/tely10/course.php">the original</A> on 27 August 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">31 July</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tely+10+%E2%80%93+Race+Course&rft.pub=Newfoundland+and+Labrador+Athletic+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlaa.ca%2Ftely10%2Fcourse.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-104"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-104"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2004/08/09/babyleafs040809.html">"Baby Leafs to leave St. John's after 14 seasons"</A>. <I>CBC News</I>. 10 August 2004.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Baby+Leafs+to+leave+St.+John%27s+after+14+seasons&rft.date=2004-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fcanada%2Fstory%2F2004%2F08%2F09%2Fbabyleafs040809.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-105"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-105"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2008/01/23/fog-devils.html">"Fog Devils sold, move planned to Quebec"</A>. <I>CBC News</I>. 23 January 2008.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Fog+Devils+sold%2C+move+planned+to+Quebec&rft.date=2008-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstory%2F2008%2F01%2F23%2Ffog-devils.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-106"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-106"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2010/08/09/nl-stjohns-hockey-.html">"Puck may drop at St. John's Mile One"</A>. <I>CBC News</I>. 9 August 2010.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Puck+may+drop+at+St.+John%27s+Mile+One&rft.date=2010-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstory%2F2010%2F08%2F09%2Fnl-stjohns-hockey-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-107"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-107"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/mile-one-centre-replacement-1.3990824">"Still no replacement found for IceCaps at Mile One Centre"</A>. CBC. 20 February 2017<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">29 May</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Still+no+replacement+found+for+IceCaps+at+Mile+One+Centre&rft.date=2017-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fmile-one-centre-replacement-1.3990824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-108"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-108"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/stjohns-deal-national-basketball-league-1.4295504">"St. John's city council approves agreement to bring pro basketball to Mile One"</A>. <A href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</A>. September 18, 2017.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s+city+council+approves+agreement+to+bring+pro+basketball+to+Mile+One&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2017-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstjohns-deal-national-basketball-league-1.4295504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-109"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-109"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/irwin-simon-nbl-canada-rob-sabbagh-st-johns-1.4304365">"Who is Irwin Simon and why did he buy a basketball team in St. John's?"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</A></I>. September 23, 2017.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Who+is+Irwin+Simon+and+why+did+he+buy+a+basketball+team+in+St.+John%27s%3F&rft.date=2017-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Firwin-simon-nbl-canada-rob-sabbagh-st-johns-1.4304365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-110"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-110"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockrugby.ca/">"Newfoundland and Labrador Rugby Union"</A>. Rockrugby.ca. 12 August 2006<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newfoundland+and+Labrador+Rugby+Union&rft.pub=Rockrugby.ca&rft.date=2006-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockrugby.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-111"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-111"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Andrew G. Reid. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohnsregatta.org/">"The Royal St. John'S Regatta"</A>. Www.Stjohnsregatta.Org<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Royal+St.+John%27S+Regatta&rft.pub=Www.Stjohnsregatta.Org&rft.au=Andrew+G.+Reid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohnsregatta.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-112"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-112"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514195926/http://www.nlaa.ca/tely10/history.php">"NLAA TELY 10 | A Brief History"</A>. Nlaa.ca. 26 July 2009. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlaa.ca/tely10/history.php">the original</A> on 14 May 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NLAA+TELY+10+%26%23124%3B+A+Brief+History&rft.pub=Nlaa.ca&rft.date=2009-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlaa.ca%2Ftely10%2Fhistory.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-113"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-113"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Flanagan, Susan (8 July 2014). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thewesternstar.com/Living/2014-07-08/article-3790488/A-game-to-remember/1">"A game to remember"</A>. <I>The Western Star</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">8 September</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Western+Star&rft.atitle=A+game+to+remember&rft.date=2014-07-08&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewesternstar.com%2FLiving%2F2014-07-08%2Farticle-3790488%2FA-game-to-remember%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-114"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-114"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2003/08/28/scott030828.html">"St. John's hosting 2005 Tournament of Hearts"</A>. <I>CBC News</I>. 28 August 2003.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=St.+John%27s+hosting+2005+Tournament+of+Hearts&rft.date=2003-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fsports%2Fstory%2F2003%2F08%2F28%2Fscott030828.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-115"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-115"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2006/02/24/nf_gushue_preview_20060224.html">"CBC – Gushue rink takes Torino gold"</A>. Cbc.ca. 23 February 2006<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CBC+%E2%80%93+Gushue+rink+takes+Torino+gold&rft.date=2006-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstory%2F2006%2F02%2F24%2Fnf_gushue_preview_20060224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-116"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-116"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220141624/http://www.stjohns.ca/cityhall/council.jsp">"St. John's City Council"</A>. Stjohns.ca. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohns.ca/cityhall/council.jsp">the original</A> on 20 December 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s+City+Council&rft.pub=Stjohns.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohns.ca%2Fcityhall%2Fcouncil.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-117"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-117"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/c17.htm">"City of St. John's Act"</A>. Assembly.nl.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+St.+John%27s+Act&rft.pub=Assembly.nl.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assembly.nl.ca%2Flegislation%2Fsr%2Fstatutes%2Fc17.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Mayor_and_Council-118"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Mayor_and_Council_118-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220141624/http://www.stjohns.ca/cityhall/council.jsp">"The City of St.John's – Mayor and Council Members"</A>. Stjohns.ca. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohns.ca/cityhall/council.jsp">the original</A> on 20 December 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+City+of+St.John%27s+%E2%80%93+Mayor+and+Council+Members&rft.pub=Stjohns.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohns.ca%2Fcityhall%2Fcouncil.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-119"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-119"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2008/06/03/mayor-election.html">"O'Keefe wins mayor's race in St. John's byelection"</A>. <I>CBC News</I>. 3 June 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">14 September</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=O%27Keefe+wins+mayor%27s+race+in+St.+John%27s+byelection&rft.date=2008-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstory%2F2008%2F06%2F03%2Fmayor-election.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-120"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-120"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607141312/http://www.stjohns.ca/cityhall/elections/voters/index.jsp">"The City of St.John's – Municipal Election 2009"</A>. Stjohns.ca. 25 September 2009. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohns.ca/cityhall/elections/voters/index.jsp">the original</A> on 7 June 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+City+of+St.John%27s+%E2%80%93+Municipal+Election+2009&rft.pub=Stjohns.ca&rft.date=2009-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohns.ca%2Fcityhall%2Felections%2Fvoters%2Findex.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-121"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-121"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newfoundlandlabrador.com/About/FAQ.aspx">"Frequently asked questions about Newfoundland and Labrador"</A>. Newfoundlandlabrador.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+asked+questions+about+Newfoundland+and+Labrador&rft.pub=Newfoundlandlabrador.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newfoundlandlabrador.com%2FAbout%2FFAQ.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Confederation_Building-122"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Confederation_Building_122-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Confederation_Building_122-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513211143/http://www.gov.nl.ca/aboutnl/confed.htm">"Confederation Building"</A>. Gov.nl.ca. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.nl.ca/aboutnl/confed.htm">the original</A> on 13 May 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Confederation+Building&rft.pub=Gov.nl.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.nl.ca%2Faboutnl%2Fconfed.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-123"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-123"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetelegram.com/News/Local/2011-10-11/article-2774331/Kirby-first-NDP-to-win-in-St.-John%26rsquo%3Bs-North/1">"Kirby first NDP to win in St. John's North"</A>. <I>The Telegram</I>. 12 October 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 February</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegram&rft.atitle=Kirby+first+NDP+to+win+in+St.+John%27s+North&rft.date=2011-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetelegram.com%2FNews%2FLocal%2F2011-10-11%2Farticle-2774331%2FKirby-first-NDP-to-win-in-St.-John%2526rsquo%253Bs-North%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-124"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-124"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/tom-osborne-joins-liberals-1.1354801">"Tom Osborne joins Liberals - Newfoundland & Labrador - CBC News"</A>. Cbc.ca. 2013-08-29<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-04-27</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tom+Osborne+joins+Liberals+-+Newfoundland+%26+Labrador+-+CBC+News&rft.pub=Cbc.ca&rft.date=2013-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Ftom-osborne-joins-liberals-1.1354801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-125"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-125"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nlvotes2011/story/2011/10/11/nl-michael-reelected-101.html">"NDP celebrates historic gains"</A>. <I>Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</I>. 12 October 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 February</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=NDP+celebrates+historic+gains&rft.date=2011-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnlvotes2011%2Fstory%2F2011%2F10%2F11%2Fnl-michael-reelected-101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-126"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-126"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/Nick-Whalen%2888296%29"><I>Senators and Members > Members of Parliament > Nick Whalen</I></A>, House of Commons of Canada<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 March</SPAN> 2016</SPAN></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Senators+and+Members+%3E+Members+of+Parliament+%3E+Nick+Whalen&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParliamentarians%2Fen%2Fmembers%2FNick-Whalen%252888296%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-127"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-127"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305231816/http://www.parl.gc.ca/parliamentarians/en/constituencies/FindMP?textCriteria=St.+John%27s+East"><I>Find a Member of Parliament - Search Results - St. John's East</I></A>, House of Commons of Canada, archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/parliamentarians/en/constituencies/FindMP?textCriteria=St.+John%27s+East">the original</A> on 5 March 2016<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 March</SPAN> 2016</SPAN></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Find+a+Member+of+Parliament+-+Search+Results+-+St.+John%27s+East&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Fparliamentarians%2Fen%2Fconstituencies%2FFindMP%3FtextCriteria%3DSt.%2BJohn%2527s%2BEast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-128"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-128"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/Seamus-ORegan%2888299%29"><I>Senators and Members > Members of Parliament > Seamus O'Regan</I></A>, House of Commons of Canada<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 March</SPAN> 2016</SPAN></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Senators+and+Members+%3E+Members+of+Parliament+%3E+Seamus+O%27Regan&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FParliamentarians%2Fen%2Fmembers%2FSeamus-ORegan%252888299%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-129"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-129"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/parliamentarians/en/constituencies/FindMP?textCriteria=St.+John%27s+South%E2%80%94Mount+Pearl"><I>Find a Member of Parliament - Search Results - St. John's South — Mount Pearl</I></A>, House of Commons of Canada<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 March</SPAN> 2016</SPAN></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Find+a+Member+of+Parliament+-+Search+Results+-+St.+John%27s+South+%E2%80%94+Mount+Pearl&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Fparliamentarians%2Fen%2Fconstituencies%2FFindMP%3FtextCriteria%3DSt.%2BJohn%2527s%2BSouth%25E2%2580%2594Mount%2BPearl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template"><SPAN style="white-space: nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><SPAN title=" Dead link since July 2018">dead link</SPAN></A></I>]</SPAN></SUP></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-130"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-130"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acoa-apeca.gc.ca/English/Pages/ContactUs.aspx">"ACOA Regional Contact"</A>. Acoa-apeca.gc.ca. 14 October 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ACOA+Regional+Contact&rft.pub=Acoa-apeca.gc.ca&rft.date=2010-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acoa-apeca.gc.ca%2FEnglish%2FPages%2FContactUs.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-131"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-131"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfl.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/e0004342">"Fisheries and Oceans Regional Contact"</A>. Nfl.dfo-mpo.gc.ca. 19 November 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fisheries+and+Oceans+Regional+Contact&rft.pub=Nfl.dfo-mpo.gc.ca&rft.date=2010-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfl.dfo-mpo.gc.ca%2Fe0004342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-rnc.gov.nl.ca-132"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-rnc.gov.nl.ca_132-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101115230642/http://www.rnc.gov.nl.ca/default.htm">"Royal Newfoundland Constabulary"</A>. Rnc.gov.nl.ca. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnc.gov.nl.ca/default.htm">the original</A> on 15 November 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Newfoundland+Constabulary&rft.pub=Rnc.gov.nl.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnc.gov.nl.ca%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-133"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-133"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/nl/detach/index-eng.htm">"RCMP – Newfoundland and Labrador Detachments"</A>. Rcmp-grc.gc.ca. 2 October 2006<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RCMP+%E2%80%93+Newfoundland+and+Labrador+Detachments&rft.pub=Rcmp-grc.gc.ca&rft.date=2006-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcmp-grc.gc.ca%2Fnl%2Fdetach%2Findex-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-134"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-134"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/100720/t100720a3-eng.htm">"Police-reported crime severity indexes, by census metropolitan area1"</A>. Statistics Canada<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Police-reported+crime+severity+indexes%2C+by+census+metropolitan+area1&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Fdaily-quotidien%2F100720%2Ft100720a3-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-135"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-135"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/090721/t090721a3-eng.htm">"Police-reported Crime Severity Index values, census metropolitan areas (CMAs)"</A>. Statistics Canada<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Police-reported+Crime+Severity+Index+values%2C+census+metropolitan+areas+%28CMAs%29&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Fdaily-quotidien%2F090721%2Ft090721a3-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-136"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-136"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/110721/t110721b3-eng.htm">"Police-reported crime severity indexes, by census metropolitan area, 2010"</A>. Statistics Canada<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Police-reported+crime+severity+indexes%2C+by+census+metropolitan+area%2C+2010&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Fdaily-quotidien%2F110721%2Ft110721b3-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-www2.macleans.ca-137"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-www2.macleans.ca_137-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101224153940/http://www2.macleans.ca/2009/03/04/the-most-dangerous-cities-in-canada-overall-crime-score%E2%80%94by-rank/">"Macleans – List of Most Dangerous Cities in Canada"</A>. .macleans.ca. 4 March 2009. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.macleans.ca/2009/03/04/the-most-dangerous-cities-in-canada-overall-crime-score%E2%80%94by-rank/">the original</A> on 24 December 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macleans+%E2%80%93+List+of+Most+Dangerous+Cities+in+Canada&rft.pub=.macleans.ca&rft.date=2009-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.macleans.ca%2F2009%2F03%2F04%2Fthe-most-dangerous-cities-in-canada-overall-crime-score%25E2%2580%2594by-rank%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-138"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-138"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513210455/http://www.stjohnsairport.com/index/index.cfm?id=46">"St. John's International Airport – Airport Location"</A>. Stjohnsairport.com. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohnsairport.com/index/index.cfm?id=46">the original</A> on 13 May 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s+International+Airport+%E2%80%93+Airport+Location&rft.pub=Stjohnsairport.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohnsairport.com%2Findex%2Findex.cfm%3Fid%3D46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-139"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-139"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2012/01/24/nl-stjohns-airport-124.html">"2011 a record-breaker for St. John's airport"</A>. <I>Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</I>. 24 January 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">30 January</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=2011+a+record-breaker+for+St.+John%27s+airport&rft.date=2012-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnewfoundland-labrador%2Fstory%2F2012%2F01%2F24%2Fnl-stjohns-airport-124.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-140"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-140"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/51-203-x/2008000/t008-eng.htm">"Passengers enplaned and deplaned on selected services – Top 50 airports"</A>. Statcan.gc.ca. 8 October 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Passengers+enplaned+and+deplaned+on+selected+services+%E2%80%93+Top+50+airports&rft.pub=Statcan.gc.ca&rft.date=2009-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Fpub%2F51-203-x%2F2008000%2Ft008-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-141"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-141"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513210458/http://www.stjohnsairport.com/index/index.cfm?id=89">"St. John's International Airport :: Airlines & Destinations"</A>. Stjohnsairport.com. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohnsairport.com/index/index.cfm?id=89">the original</A> on 13 May 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s+International+Airport+%3A%3A+Airlines+%26+Destinations&rft.pub=Stjohnsairport.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohnsairport.com%2Findex%2Findex.cfm%3Fid%3D89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-142"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-142"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transcanadahighway.com/general/transcanadahighway.htm">"TransCanadaHighway.com Highway Overview"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2008-05-28</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TransCanadaHighway.com+Highway+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transcanadahighway.com%2Fgeneral%2Ftranscanadahighway.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-143"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-143"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.releases.gov.nl.ca/releases/2009/env/0709n09.htm">"St. John's Cycling Master Plan to Receive $1.5 Million"</A>. Releases.gov.nl.ca. 9 July 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s+Cycling+Master+Plan+to+Receive+%241.5+Million&rft.pub=Releases.gov.nl.ca&rft.date=2009-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.releases.gov.nl.ca%2Freleases%2F2009%2Fenv%2F0709n09.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-144"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-144"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metrobus.com">"Metrobus Transit. Get On. Be Moved"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2008-05-28</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metrobus+Transit.+Get+On.+Be+Moved.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metrobus.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-145"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-145"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metrobus.com/statistics.asp">"Metrobus Ridership Statistics"</A>. Metrobus.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metrobus+Ridership+Statistics&rft.pub=Metrobus.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metrobus.com%2Fstatistics.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-146"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-146"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metrobus.com/routes_summer.asp">"Summer Schedules"</A>. Metrobus Transit<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 August</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summer+Schedules&rft.pub=Metrobus+Transit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metrobus.com%2Froutes_summer.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-147"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-147"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/railway.html">"Railway: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage"</A>. Heritage.nf.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Railway%3A+Newfoundland+and+Labrador+Heritage&rft.pub=Heritage.nf.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.nf.ca%2Fsociety%2Frailway.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-148"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-148"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.easternhealth.ca/OurServices.aspx">"Eastern Health – Our Services"</A>. Eastern Health.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eastern+Health+%E2%80%93+Our+Services&rft.pub=Eastern+Health&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.easternhealth.ca%2FOurServices.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-149"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-149"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.easternhealth.ca/map.aspx">"Interactive Map of Hospitals"</A>. Eastern Health.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactive+Map+of+Hospitals&rft.pub=Eastern+Health&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.easternhealth.ca%2Fmap.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-150"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-150"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esdnl.ca/aboutesd/quickfacts/">"Eastern School District Quick Facts"</A>. Esdnl.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eastern+School+District+Quick+Facts&rft.pub=Esdnl.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esdnl.ca%2Faboutesd%2Fquickfacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-151"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-151"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esdnl.ca/schools/schooldirectory/">"Eastern School District School Directory"</A>. Esdnl.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eastern+School+District+School+Directory&rft.pub=Esdnl.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esdnl.ca%2Fschools%2Fschooldirectory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-152"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-152"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stbons.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=44&Itemid=134">"St. Bonaventure's – Who We Are"</A>. Stbons.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Bonaventure%27s+%E2%80%93+Who+We+Are&rft.pub=Stbons.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stbons.ca%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D44%26Itemid%3D134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-153"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-153"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lakecrest.ca/?page=about">"About Lakecrest"</A>. Lakecrest.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Lakecrest&rft.pub=Lakecrest.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakecrest.ca%2F%3Fpage%3Dabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-CanadianUniversities-154"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-CanadianUniversities_154-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadian-universities.net/Universities/Memorial-University-of-Newfoundland.html">"University Profiles (Memorial University of Newfoundland)"</A>. Canada's Higher Education and Careers Guide<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2009-12-16</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+Profiles+%28Memorial+University+of+Newfoundland%29&rft.pub=Canada%27s+Higher+Education+and+Careers+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadian-universities.net%2FUniversities%2FMemorial-University-of-Newfoundland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-155"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-155"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mun.ca/programs/">"Programs & Courses | Programs"</A>. Mun.ca. 21 December 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Programs+%26+Courses+%26%23124%3B+Programs&rft.pub=Mun.ca&rft.date=2010-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mun.ca%2Fprograms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Ranking-156"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Ranking_156-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528120412/http://www.macleans.ca/education/universities/acomprehensive.pdf">"2008 Comprehensive University Rankings"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <A href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macleans.ca/education/universities/acomprehensive.pdf">the original</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN> on 28 May 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">16 December</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+Comprehensive+University+Rankings&rft.pub=Maclean%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Feducation%2Funiversities%2Facomprehensive.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> An online preview of the year ranking in the 19 November 2007 edition of <I>Maclean's</I> magazine.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-157"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-157"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mi.mun.ca/">"Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland"</A>. Mi.mun.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fisheries+and+Marine+Institute+of+Memorial+University+of+Newfoundland&rft.pub=Mi.mun.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mi.mun.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-158"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-158"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cna.nl.ca/campuses/locations.asp">"CNA Campuses"</A>. Cna.nl.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CNA+Campuses&rft.pub=Cna.nl.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cna.nl.ca%2Fcampuses%2Flocations.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-159"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-159"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cna.nl.ca/about/">"Welcome"</A>. Cna.nl.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome&rft.pub=Cna.nl.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cna.nl.ca%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-160"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-160"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091008103631/http://www.ed.gov.nl.ca/edu/postsecondary/privatedir.html">"Private Training Institution Directory | Education"</A>. Ed.gov.nl.ca. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed.gov.nl.ca/edu/postsecondary/privatedir.html">the original</A> on 8 October 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Private+Training+Institution+Directory+%26%23124%3B+Education&rft.pub=Ed.gov.nl.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.gov.nl.ca%2Fedu%2Fpostsecondary%2Fprivatedir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-161"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-161"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">CA. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetelegram.com/">"The Telegram"</A>. The Telegram<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Telegram&rft.pub=The+Telegram&rft.au=CA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetelegram.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-162"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-162"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themuse.ca/">"The Muse"</A>. Themuse.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Muse&rft.pub=Themuse.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themuse.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-163"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-163"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mun.ca/gazette/">"MUN – Gazette"</A>. Mun.ca. 1 October 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MUN+%E2%80%93+Gazette&rft.pub=Mun.ca&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mun.ca%2Fgazette%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-164"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-164"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110122053445/http://www.gaboteur.ca/journal-francophone/index.aspx">"Le Gaboteur"</A>. Gaboteur.ca. 23 November 2010. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaboteur.ca/journal-francophone/index.aspx">the original</A> on 22 January 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 January</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Gaboteur&rft.pub=Gaboteur.ca&rft.date=2010-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaboteur.ca%2Fjournal-francophone%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-165"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-165"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thescope.ca/">"The Scope"</A>. Thescope.ca<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Scope&rft.pub=Thescope.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthescope.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-brad-166"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-brad_166-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Bradshaw, James. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/subscription-news-site-allnovascotia-expands-to-newfoundland/article28830527/">"Subscription news site AllNovaScotia expands to Newfoundland"</A>. <I>Globe and Mail</I>. Thomson Reuters<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">13 April</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Subscription+news+site+AllNovaScotia+expands+to+Newfoundland&rft.aulast=Bradshaw&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Freport-on-business%2Fsubscription-news-site-allnovascotia-expands-to-newfoundland%2Farticle28830527%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-167"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-167"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cm-ilhavo.pt/pages/124">"St. Johns (Canadá)"</A> (in Portuguese). Câmara Municipal de Ílhavo<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">8 September</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Johns+%28Canad%C3%A1%29&rft.pub=C%C3%A2mara+Municipal+de+%C3%8Dlhavo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cm-ilhavo.pt%2Fpages%2F124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-168"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-168"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/news/waterford-city-and-st-john-s-newfoundland-to-be-twinned-1.1061907">"Waterford city and St John's, Newfoundland, to be twinned"</A>. <I>The Irish Times</I>. 26 June 2002<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">8 September</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Waterford+city+and+St+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland%2C+to+be+twinned&rft.date=2002-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fwaterford-city-and-st-john-s-newfoundland-to-be-twinned-1.1061907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland+and+Labrador" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
</LI>
</OL></DIV>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap"><OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-54"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-54"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Based on station coordinates provided by Environment Canada, climate data was collected in the area of downtown St. John's from 1874–1956,<SUP id="cite_ref-St_John's_52-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-St_John's-52">[52]</A></SUP> and at St. John's Airport from 1942 to the present day.<SUP id="cite_ref-YYTstats_53-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-YYTstats-53">[53]</A></SUP></SPAN>
</LI>
</OL></DIV></DIV>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL><LI>Harding, Les. <I>Historic St. John's: The City of Legends</I>. Jesperson, 1993. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-921692-52-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-921692-52-8">0-921692-52-8</A></LI>
<LI>Galgay, Frank. <I>Olde St. John's: Stories from a Seaport City</I>. St. John's: Flanker, 2001.</LI></UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<TABLE role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD class="mbox-image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></TD>
<TD class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <I><B><A href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s" class="extiw" title="commons:St. John's">St. John's</A></B></I>.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
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<TD class="mbox-image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" width="40" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></TD>
<TD class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <I><B><A href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/St._John%27s#Q2082" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:St. John's">St. John's</A></B></I>.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<UL><LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohns.ca/">City of St. John's</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohns.ca/visiting-our-city">St John's - Visitor's Guide</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/early.html">Early Newfoundland Settlement Schemes</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://register.heritagefoundation.ca/">Newfoundland and Labrador's Provincial Register of Historic Places</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onf-nfb.gc.ca/eng/collection/film/?id=33485">Documentary film <I>Rain, Drizzle, and Fog</I></A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trailcanada.com/newfoundland_labrador/st_johns/">Trail Canada Guide</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/cns_enl/id/3599">St. John's - Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, vol. 5, p. 26-33</A></LI></UL>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_St._John&#039;s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" style="padding:3px"><TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><SPAN class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" role="button" tabindex="0"><A class="mw-collapsible-text">show</A></SPAN><DIV id="Places_adjacent_to_St._John&#039;s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador</DIV></TH></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"><TABLE role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><TBODY><TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Portugal_Cove-St._Philip%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal Cove-St. Philip's">Portugal Cove-St. Philip's</A></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Torbay,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Torbay, Newfoundland and Labrador">Torbay</A><BR /><A href="/wiki/Logy_Bay-Middle_Cove-Outer_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove">Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove</A></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Logy_Bay-Middle_Cove-Outer_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove">Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove</A></TD>
</TR><TR>
<TD style="width:33%"><A href="/wiki/Portugal_Cove-St._Philip%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal Cove-St. Philip's">Portugal Cove-St. Philip's</A><BR /><A href="/wiki/Paradise,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Paradise, Newfoundland and Labrador">Paradise</A><BR /><A href="/wiki/Mount_Pearl" title="Mount Pearl">Mount Pearl</A><BR /><A href="/wiki/Conception_Bay_South" title="Conception Bay South">Conception Bay South</A></TD>
<TD style="width:33%;">
<DIV><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" title="North" width="14" height="17" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="595" /></DIV>
<DIV style="white-space:nowrap;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" title="West" width="17" height="14" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/33px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="501" /><B style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">St. John's</B><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" title="East" width="17" height="14" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/33px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="501" /></DIV>
<DIV><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" title="South" width="14" height="17" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="595" /></DIV>
</TD>
<TD style="width:33%"><A href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</A></TD>
</TR><TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Conception_Bay_South" title="Conception Bay South">Conception Bay South</A></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Subdivision_1D,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivision 1D, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision 1D</A>, <A href="/wiki/Bay_Bulls,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Bay Bulls, Newfoundland and Labrador">Bay Bulls</A></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Petty_Harbour-Maddox_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove">Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove</A></TD>
</TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="St._John&#039;s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" style="padding:3px"><TABLE class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><SPAN class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" role="button" tabindex="0"><A class="mw-collapsible-text">show</A></SPAN><DIV class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><UL><LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Template:St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Template talk:St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</ABBR></A></LI></UL></DIV><DIV id="St._John&#039;s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A class="mw-selflink selflink">St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador</A></DIV></TH></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of mayors of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">Mayors</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_City_Council" title="St. John's City Council">City Council</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Bannerman_Park" title="Bannerman Park">Bannerman Park</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bowring_Park,_St._John%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowring Park, St. John's">Bowring Park</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_in_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of buildings in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">Buildings</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cape_Spear" title="Cape Spear">Cape Spear</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/George_Street,_St._John%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="George Street, St. John's">George Street</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Grand_Concourse_(St._John%27s)" title="Grand Concourse (St. John's)">Grand Concourse</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Memorial_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial University">Memorial University</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(Newfoundland)" title="National War Memorial (Newfoundland)">National War Memorial</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Neighbourhoods_in_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Neighbourhoods in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">Neighbourhoods</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pippy_Park" title="Pippy Park">Pippy Park</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Quidi_Vidi_Lake" title="Quidi Vidi Lake">Quidi Vidi Lake</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rawlins_Cross,_St._John%27s" title="Rawlins Cross, St. John's">Rawlins Cross</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Signal_Hill,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador">Signal Hill</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of tallest buildings in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">Tallest buildings</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Water_Street,_St._John%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Water Street, St. John's">Water Street</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Bally_Haly_Golf_%26_Curling_Club" title="Bally Haly Golf & Curling Club">Bally Haly Golf & Curling Club</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/King_George_V_Park" title="King George V Park">King George V Park</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Memorial_Stadium_(St._John%27s)" title="Memorial Stadium (St. John's)">Memorial Stadium</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mile_One_Centre" title="Mile One Centre">Mile One Centre</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Growlers" title="Newfoundland Growlers">Newfoundland Growlers</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Royal_St._John%27s_Regatta" title="Royal St. John's Regatta">Royal St. John's Regatta</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Swilers_Rugby_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Swilers Rugby Park">Swilers Rugby Park</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Edge" title="St. John's Edge">St. John's Edge</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Park" title="St. Patrick's Park">St. Patrick's Park</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Architecture_of_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Architecture of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">Architecture</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Arts_and_Culture_Centre" title="Arts and Culture Centre">Arts and Culture Centre</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of people from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">People</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/LSPU_Hall" title="LSPU Hall">LSPU Hall</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nickel_Film_Festival" title="Nickel Film Festival">Nickel Film Festival</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Metrobus_Transit" title="Metrobus Transit">Metrobus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_International_Airport" title="St. John's International Airport">St. John's International Airport</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Railway" title="Newfoundland Railway">Newfoundland Railway</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><DIV>
<UL><LI><B><IMG alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <A href="/wiki/Category:St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Category:St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">Category</A></B></LI>
<LI><B><IMG alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <A href="/wiki/Portal:St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Portal:St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">Portal</A></B></LI>
<LI class="mw-empty-elt"></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><SPAN class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" role="button" tabindex="0"><A class="mw-collapsible-text">show</A></SPAN><DIV id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</DIV></TH></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:114%;"><DIV style="padding:0px;"><DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_of_St._John&#039;s_metropolitan_area" style="padding:3px"><TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><SPAN class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" role="button" tabindex="0"><A class="mw-collapsible-text">show</A></SPAN><DIV class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><UL><LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:St._John%27s_metropolitan_area" title="Template:St. John's metropolitan area"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:St._John%27s_metropolitan_area" title="Template talk:St. John's metropolitan area"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:St._John%27s_metropolitan_area&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</ABBR></A></LI></UL></DIV><DIV id="Municipalities_of_St._John&#039;s_metropolitan_area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_metropolitan_area" title="St. John's metropolitan area">Municipalities of St. John's metropolitan area</A></DIV></TH></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Population over 100,000</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">St. John's</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Population over 20,000</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Conception_Bay_South" title="Conception Bay South">Conception Bay South</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mount_Pearl" title="Mount Pearl">Mount Pearl</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Paradise,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Paradise, Newfoundland and Labrador">Paradise</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Population under 20,000</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Portugal_Cove%E2%80%93St._Philip%27s" title="Portugal Cove–St. Philip's">Portugal Cove–St. Philip's</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Torbay,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Torbay, Newfoundland and Labrador">Torbay</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Logy_Bay%E2%80%93Middle_Cove%E2%80%93Outer_Cove" title="Logy Bay–Middle Cove–Outer Cove">Logy Bay–Middle Cove–Outer Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pouch_Cove" title="Pouch Cove">Pouch Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flatrock,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Flatrock, Newfoundland and Labrador">Flatrock</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bay_Bulls,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Bay Bulls, Newfoundland and Labrador">Bay Bulls</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Witless_Bay" title="Witless Bay">Witless Bay</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Petty_Harbour%E2%80%93Maddox_Cove" title="Petty Harbour–Maddox Cove">Petty Harbour–Maddox Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bauline" title="Bauline">Bauline</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TD class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><DIV>
<UL><LI><B><IMG alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <A href="/wiki/Category:St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Category:St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">Category</A></B></LI>
<LI><B><IMG alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <A href="/wiki/Portal:St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Portal:St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">Portal</A></B></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Division_No._1,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_(Avalon_Peninsula)" style="padding:3px"><TABLE class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><SPAN class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" role="button" tabindex="0"><A class="mw-collapsible-text">show</A></SPAN><DIV class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><UL><LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:NLDivision1" title="Template:NLDivision1"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:NLDivision1" title="Template talk:NLDivision1"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:NLDivision1&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</ABBR></A></LI></UL></DIV><DIV id="Division_No._1,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_(Avalon_Peninsula)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Newfoundland and Labrador">Division No. 1</A>, <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</A> (<A href="/wiki/Avalon_Peninsula" title="Avalon Peninsula">Avalon Peninsula</A>)</DIV></TH></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Mount_Pearl" title="Mount Pearl">Mount Pearl</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">St. John's</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD><TD class="navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><DIV><A href="/wiki/File:NL-CD-Div-01.png" class="image"><IMG alt="NL-CD-Div-01.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/NL-CD-Div-01.png/120px-NL-CD-Div-01.png" width="120" height="85" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/NL-CD-Div-01.png/180px-NL-CD-Div-01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/NL-CD-Div-01.png/240px-NL-CD-Div-01.png 2x" data-file-width="3562" data-file-height="2510" /></A></DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Admirals_Beach" title="Admirals Beach">Admirals Beach</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Aquaforte" title="Aquaforte">Aquaforte</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Arnold%27s_Cove" title="Arnold's Cove">Arnold's Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Avondale,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Avondale, Newfoundland and Labrador">Avondale</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bauline" title="Bauline">Bauline</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bay_Bulls,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Bay Bulls, Newfoundland and Labrador">Bay Bulls</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bay_de_Verde" title="Bay de Verde">Bay de Verde</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bay_Roberts" title="Bay Roberts">Bay Roberts</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Cove" title="Bishop's Cove">Bishop's Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Branch,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Branch, Newfoundland and Labrador">Branch</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Brigus" title="Brigus">Brigus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Brigus_South" title="Brigus South">Brigus South</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bryant%27s_Cove" title="Bryant's Cove">Bryant's Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cape_Broyle" title="Cape Broyle">Cape Broyle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Carbonear" title="Carbonear">Carbonear</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chance_Cove" title="Chance Cove">Chance Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chapel_Arm" title="Chapel Arm">Chapel Arm</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Clarke%27s_Beach" title="Clarke's Beach">Clarke's Beach</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Colinet,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Colinet, Newfoundland and Labrador">Colinet</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Colliers,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Colliers, Newfoundland and Labrador">Colliers</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Come_By_Chance,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Come By Chance, Newfoundland and Labrador">Come By Chance</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Conception_Bay_South" title="Conception Bay South">Conception Bay South</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Conception_Harbour" title="Conception Harbour">Conception Harbour</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cupids" title="Cupids">Cupids</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fermeuse" title="Fermeuse">Fermeuse</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ferryland" title="Ferryland">Ferryland</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flatrock,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Flatrock, Newfoundland and Labrador">Flatrock</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fox_Harbour,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Fox Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador">Fox Harbour</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gaskiers-Point_La_Haye" title="Gaskiers-Point La Haye">Gaskiers–Point La Haye</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Grey_River,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Grey River, Newfoundland and Labrador">Grey River</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hant%27s_Harbour" title="Hant's Harbour">Hant's Harbour</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Harbour_Grace" title="Harbour Grace">Harbour Grace</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Harbour_Main-Chapel%27s_Cove-Lakeview" title="Harbour Main-Chapel's Cove-Lakeview">Harbour Main–Chapel's Cove–Lakeview</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Heart%27s_Content,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Heart's Content, Newfoundland and Labrador">Heart's Content</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Heart%27s_Delight-Islington" title="Heart's Delight-Islington">Heart's Delight–Islington</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Heart%27s_Desire,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Heart's Desire, Newfoundland and Labrador">Heart's Desire</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Holyrood,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Holyrood, Newfoundland and Labrador">Holyrood</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Logy_Bay-Middle_Cove-Outer_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove">Logy Bay–Middle Cove–Outer Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Long_Harbour-Mount_Arlington_Heights" title="Long Harbour-Mount Arlington Heights">Long Harbour–Mount Arlington Heights</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel-Mitchells_Brook-St._Catherines" title="Mount Carmel-Mitchells Brook-St. Catherines">Mount Carmel–Mitchells Brook–St. Catherines</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/New_Perlican" title="New Perlican">New Perlican</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Norman%27s_Cove-Long_Cove" title="Norman's Cove-Long Cove">Norman's Cove–Long Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/North_River,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="North River, Newfoundland and Labrador">North River</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Old_Perlican" title="Old Perlican">Old Perlican</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Paradise,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Paradise, Newfoundland and Labrador">Paradise</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Petty_Harbour-Maddox_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove">Petty Harbour–Maddox Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Placentia,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador">Placentia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Point_Lance" title="Point Lance">Point Lance</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Port_Kirwan" title="Port Kirwan">Port Kirwan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Portugal_Cove-St._Philip%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Portugal Cove-St. Philip's">Portugal Cove–St. Philip's</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Portugal_Cove_South" title="Portugal Cove South">Portugal Cove South</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pouch_Cove" title="Pouch Cove">Pouch Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Renews-Cappahayden" title="Renews-Cappahayden">Renews–Cappahayden</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Riverhead,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Riverhead, Newfoundland and Labrador">Riverhead</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/St._Bride%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. Bride's, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. Bride's</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. Joseph's, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. Joseph's</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. Mary's, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. Mary's</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/St._Shott%27s" title="St. Shott's">St. Shott's</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/St._Vincent%27s-St._Stephen%27s-Peter%27s_River" title="St. Vincent's-St. Stephen's-Peter's River">St. Vincent's–St. Stephen's–Peter's River</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Salmon_Cove" title="Salmon Cove">Salmon Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Small_Point-Adam%27s_Cove-Blackhead-Broad_Cove" title="Small Point-Adam's Cove-Blackhead-Broad Cove">Small Point–Adam's Cove–Blackhead–Broad Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/South_River,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="South River, Newfoundland and Labrador">South River</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Southern_Harbour" title="Southern Harbour">Southern Harbour</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spaniard%27s_Bay" title="Spaniard's Bay">Spaniard's Bay</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sunnyside,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Sunnyside, Newfoundland and Labrador">Sunnyside</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Torbay,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Torbay, Newfoundland and Labrador">Torbay</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Trepassey" title="Trepassey">Trepassey</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Upper_Island_Cove" title="Upper Island Cove">Upper Island Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Victoria,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Victoria, Newfoundland and Labrador">Victoria</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wabana,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Wabana, Newfoundland and Labrador">Wabana</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Whitbourne,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Whitbourne, Newfoundland and Labrador">Whitbourne</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Whiteway,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Whiteway, Newfoundland and Labrador">Whiteway</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Winterton,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Winterton, Newfoundland and Labrador">Winterton</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Witless_Bay" title="Witless Bay">Witless Bay</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unorganized<BR />subdivisions</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_A,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision A, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision A</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_B,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision B, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision B</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_C,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision C, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision C</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_D,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision D, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision D</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_E,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision E, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision E</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_F,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision F, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision F</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_G,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision G</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_H,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision H, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision H</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_I,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision I, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision I</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_J,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision J, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision J</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_K,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision K, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision K</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_L,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision L, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision L</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_M,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision M, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision M</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_N,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision N, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision N</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_O,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision O, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision O</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_R,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision R, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision R</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_U,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision U, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision U</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Division_No._1,_Subdivision_V,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision V, Newfoundland and Labrador (page does not exist)">Subdivision V</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Division_No._1,_Subdivision_W,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision W, Newfoundland and Labrador (page does not exist)">Subdivision W</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Division_No._1,_Subdivision_X,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision X, Newfoundland and Labrador (page does not exist)">Subdivision X</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_Y,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision Y, Newfoundland and Labrador">Subdivision Y</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unincorporated<BR />communities</TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_U,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision U, Newfoundland and Labrador">Admiral's Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_A,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision A, Newfoundland and Labrador">Arnold's Cove Station</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Baccalieu_Island" title="Baccalieu Island">Baccalieu Island</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_L,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision L, Newfoundland and Labrador">Bareneed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_A,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision A, Newfoundland and Labrador">Bellevue</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_L,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision L, Newfoundland and Labrador">Black Duck Pond</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_L,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision L, Newfoundland and Labrador">Blow Me Down</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_G,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador">Bradley's Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_I,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision I, Newfoundland and Labrador">Bristol's Hope</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_U,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision U, Newfoundland and Labrador">Burnt Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_G,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador">Burnt Point</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Caplin_Cove" title="Caplin Cove">Caplin Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_C,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision C, Newfoundland and Labrador">Cuslett</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_G,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador">Daniel's Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dildo,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Dildo, Newfoundland and Labrador">Dildo</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_L,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision L, Newfoundland and Labrador">The Dock</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_A,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision A, Newfoundland and Labrador">Fair Haven</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_H,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision H, Newfoundland and Labrador">Flatrock</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_A,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision A, Newfoundland and Labrador">Goobies</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_C,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision C, Newfoundland and Labrador">Gooseberry Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_M,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision M, Newfoundland and Labrador">Gould's Road</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Grates_Cove,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Grates Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador">Grates Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_C,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision C, Newfoundland and Labrador">Great Barasway</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_E,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision E, Newfoundland and Labrador">Green's Harbour</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_G,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador">Gull Island</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_L,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision L, Newfoundland and Labrador">Hibb's Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_E,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision E, Newfoundland and Labrador">Hopeall</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_B,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision B, Newfoundland and Labrador">Iona</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_G,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador">Job's Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_G,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador">Kingston</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_R,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision R, Newfoundland and Labrador">Lance Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_B,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision B, Newfoundland and Labrador">Little Barasway</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_G,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador">Lower Island Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_G,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador">Low Point</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_M,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision M, Newfoundland and Labrador">Mahers</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_O,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision O, Newfoundland and Labrador">Marysvale</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/New_Chelsea-New_Melbourne-Brownsdale-Sibley%27s_Cove-Lead_Cove" title="New Chelsea-New Melbourne-Brownsdale-Sibley's Cove-Lead Cove">New Chelsea–New Melbourne–Brownsdale–Sibley's Cove–Lead Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/New_Harbour,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="New Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador">New Harbour</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Northern_Bay,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Northern Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador">Northern Bay</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_G,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador">Ochre Pit Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Patrick%27s_Cove-Angels_Cove" title="Patrick's Cove-Angels Cove">Patrick's Cove–Angels Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_H,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision H, Newfoundland and Labrador">Perry's Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_B,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision B, Newfoundland and Labrador">Point Verde</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Port_de_Grave,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Port de Grave, Newfoundland and Labrador">Port de Grave</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_A,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision A, Newfoundland and Labrador">Rantem</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_G,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador">Red Head Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_U,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision U, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. Michaels</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ship_Harbour,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Ship Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador">Ship Harbour</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_A,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision A, Newfoundland and Labrador">Thornlea</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_A,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision A, Newfoundland and Labrador">Trinny Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_F,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision F, Newfoundland and Labrador">Turks Cove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Subdivision_G,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador">Western Bay</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><DIV>
<UL><LI>See also:</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Template:St._John%27s_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:St. John's Metropolitan Area">Municipalities of St. John's Metropolitan Area</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_census_divisions_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of census divisions of Newfoundland and Labrador">Census divisions of Newfoundland and Labrador</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&#124;Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_Subdivisions_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" style="padding:3px"><TABLE class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><SPAN class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" role="button" tabindex="0"><A class="mw-collapsible-text">show</A></SPAN><DIV class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><UL><LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Template:Subdivisions of Newfoundland and Labrador"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of Newfoundland and Labrador"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Subdivisions_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</ABBR></A></LI></UL></DIV><DIV id="25px&#124;Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_Subdivisions_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador"><IMG alt="Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/25px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png" width="25" height="13" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/38px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/50px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></A> Subdivisions of <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</A></DIV></TH></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><DIV id="*_Newfoundland&#10;*_Labrador&#10;*_Nunatsiavut&#10;*_Other_islands">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of islands of Newfoundland and Labrador">Other islands</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/List_of_census_divisions_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of census divisions of Newfoundland and Labrador">Census divisions</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._1,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 1, Newfoundland and Labrador">1</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._2,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 2, Newfoundland and Labrador">2</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._3,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 3, Newfoundland and Labrador">3</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._4,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 4, Newfoundland and Labrador">4</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._5,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 5, Newfoundland and Labrador">5</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._6,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 6, Newfoundland and Labrador">6</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._7,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 7, Newfoundland and Labrador">7</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._8,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 8, Newfoundland and Labrador">8</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._9,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 9, Newfoundland and Labrador">9</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._10,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Division No. 10, Newfoundland and Labrador">10</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Division_No._11,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Division No. 11, Newfoundland and Labrador">11</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Canada#Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of cities in Canada">Cities</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Corner_Brook" title="Corner Brook">Corner Brook</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mount_Pearl" title="Mount Pearl">Mount Pearl</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">St. John's</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of municipalities in Newfoundland and Labrador">Other communities</A></TH><TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Falls" title="Bishop's Falls">Bishop's Falls</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bonavista,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Bonavista, Newfoundland and Labrador">Bonavista</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Botwood" title="Botwood">Botwood</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Carbonear" title="Carbonear">Carbonear</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Channel-Port_aux_Basques" title="Channel-Port aux Basques">Channel-Port aux Basques</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Clarenville" title="Clarenville">Clarenville</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Conception_Bay_South" title="Conception Bay South">Conception Bay South</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Deer_Lake,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Deer Lake, Newfoundland and Labrador">Deer Lake</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ferryland" title="Ferryland">Ferryland</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fogo_Island,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Fogo Island, Newfoundland and Labrador">Fogo Island</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gander,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador">Gander</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Grand_Bank" title="Grand Bank">Grand Bank</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Grand_Falls-Windsor" title="Grand Falls-Windsor">Grand Falls-Windsor</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Happy_Valley-Goose_Bay" title="Happy Valley-Goose Bay">Happy Valley-Goose Bay</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Harbour_Grace" title="Harbour Grace">Harbour Grace</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hopedale,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Hopedale, Newfoundland and Labrador">Hopedale</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Labrador_City" title="Labrador City">Labrador City</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Makkovik" title="Makkovik">Makkovik</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Marystown" title="Marystown">Marystown</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nain,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador">Nain</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Norris_Arm" title="Norris Arm">Norris Arm</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pasadena,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Pasadena, Newfoundland and Labrador">Pasadena</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peterview" title="Peterview">Peterview</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Placentia,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador">Placentia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Red_Bay,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Red Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador">Red Bay</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/St._Anthony,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. Anthony, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. Anthony</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Stephenville,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Stephenville, Newfoundland and Labrador">Stephenville</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Twillingate" title="Twillingate">Twillingate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Torbay,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Torbay, Newfoundland and Labrador">Torbay</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Woody_Point,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Woody Point, Newfoundland and Labrador">Woody Point</A></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><DIV>
<UL><LI><B><IMG alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <A href="/wiki/Category:Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Category:Newfoundland and Labrador">Category:Newfoundland and Labrador</A></B></LI>
<LI><B><IMG alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <A href="/wiki/Portal:Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Portal:Newfoundland and Labrador">Portal:Newfoundland and Labrador</A></B></LI>
<LI><B><IMG alt="WikiProject" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" title="WikiProject" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Newfoundland and Labrador">WikiProject:Newfoundland and Labrador</A></B></LI></UL>
</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20x20px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_Provincial_and_territorial_capitals_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><TABLE class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:white;"><SPAN class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" role="button" tabindex="0"><A class="mw-collapsible-text">show</A></SPAN><DIV class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><UL><LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Canada_capitals" title="Template:Canada capitals"><ABBR title="View this template" style="background-color:white;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_capitals" title="Template talk:Canada capitals"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style="background-color:white;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Canada_capitals&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template" style="background-color:white;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</ABBR></A></LI></UL></DIV><DIV id="20x20px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_Provincial_and_territorial_capitals_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><SPAN style="vertical-align: 1px; padding-right:0.2em"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/18px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" width="18" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/27px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/36px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Provincial and territorial</A> capitals of <A href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</A></DIV></TH></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background-color:white;;-moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 #CC0000; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 #CC0000; box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 #CC0000;"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"><TABLE align="center" style="background:transparent;" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0">
  <TBODY><TR style="vertical-align:top;">

   <TD style="width:20%;">
    <TABLE style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
     <TBODY><TR><TD style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><A href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">AB</A></TD><TD style=""><A href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</A></TD></TR>
     <TR><TD style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><A href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</A></TD><TD style=""><A href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria</A></TD></TR>
    </TBODY></TABLE>
   </TD>
   <TD style="width:20%;">
    <TABLE style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
     <TBODY><TR><TD style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><A href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">MB</A></TD><TD style=""><A href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</A></TD></TR>
     <TR><TD style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><A href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">NB</A></TD><TD style=""><A href="/wiki/Fredericton" title="Fredericton">Fredericton</A></TD></TR>
    </TBODY></TABLE>
   </TD>
   <TD style="width:20%;">
    <TABLE style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
     <TBODY><TR><TD style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</A></TD><TD style=""><A class="mw-selflink selflink">St. John's</A></TD></TR>
     <TR><TD style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><A href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">NS</A></TD><TD style=""><A href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</A></TD></TR>
    </TBODY></TABLE>
   </TD>
   <TD style="width:20%;">
    <TABLE style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
     <TBODY><TR><TD style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><A href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">ON</A></TD><TD style=""><A href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</A></TD></TR>
     <TR><TD style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><A href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">PE</A></TD><TD style=""><A href="/wiki/Charlottetown" title="Charlottetown">Charlottetown</A></TD></TR>
    </TBODY></TABLE>
   </TD>
   <TD style="width:20%;">
    <TABLE style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
     <TBODY><TR><TD style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><A href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">QC</A></TD><TD style=""><A href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</A></TD></TR>
     <TR><TD style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><A href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">SK</A></TD><TD style=""><A href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</A></TD></TR>
    </TBODY></TABLE>
   </TD>
   <TD style="width:20%;">
    <TABLE style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
   <TBODY><TR><TD colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.75em;"><B>Territories:</B></TD></TR>
       <TR><TD style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><A href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">NT</A></TD><TD style=""> <A href="/wiki/Yellowknife" title="Yellowknife">Yellowknife</A></TD></TR>
    </TBODY></TABLE>
   </TD>
   <TD style="width:20%;">
    <TABLE style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
     <TBODY><TR><TD style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><A href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">NU</A></TD><TD style=""> <A href="/wiki/Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</A></TD></TR>
     <TR><TD style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><A href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">YT</A></TD><TD style=""> <A href="/wiki/Whitehorse,_Yukon" title="Whitehorse, Yukon">Whitehorse</A></TD></TR>
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   </TD>
  </TR>
 </TBODY></TABLE></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Census_metropolitan_areas_(CMAs)_in_Canada_by_size" style="padding:3px"><TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><TBODY><TR><TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><SPAN class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" role="button" tabindex="0"><A class="mw-collapsible-text">show</A></SPAN><DIV class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><UL><LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Census_metropolitan_areas_in_Canada_by_size" title="Template:Census metropolitan areas in Canada by size"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Census_metropolitan_areas_in_Canada_by_size" title="Template talk:Census metropolitan areas in Canada by size"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</ABBR></A></LI><LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Census_metropolitan_areas_in_Canada_by_size&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</ABBR></A></LI></UL></DIV><DIV id="Census_metropolitan_areas_(CMAs)_in_Canada_by_size" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Census_geographic_units_of_Canada" title="Census geographic units of Canada">Census metropolitan areas (CMAs) in Canada by size</A></DIV></TH></TR><TR style="display: none;"><TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</A>, <A href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">ON</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Montreal</A>, <A href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">QC</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Greater_Vancouver" title="Greater Vancouver">Vancouver</A>, <A href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Calgary_Metropolitan_Region" title="Calgary Metropolitan Region">Calgary</A>, <A href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">AB</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(Canada)" title="National Capital Region (Canada)">Ottawa-Gatineau</A>, ON/QC</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Edmonton_Metropolitan_Region" title="Edmonton Metropolitan Region">Edmonton</A>, AB</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Communauté métropolitaine de Québec">Quebec City</A>, QC</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Capital_Region" title="Winnipeg Capital Region">Winnipeg</A>, <A href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">MB</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</A>, ON</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Waterloo" title="Regional Municipality of Waterloo">Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo</A>, ON</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</A>, ON</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara" title="Regional Municipality of Niagara">St. Catharines-Niagara</A>, ON</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</A>, <A href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">NS</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Oshawa" title="Oshawa">Oshawa</A>, ON</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Greater_Victoria" title="Greater Victoria">Victoria</A>, BC</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</A>, ON</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatoon Metropolitan Area">Saskatoon</A>, <A href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">SK</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</A>, SK</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sherbrooke" title="Sherbrooke">Sherbrooke</A>, QC</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Metropolitan Area">St. John's</A>, <A href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</A>, ON</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Regional_District_of_Central_Okanagan" title="Regional District of Central Okanagan">Kelowna</A>, BC</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Abbotsford,_British_Columbia" title="Abbotsford, British Columbia">Abbotsford</A>, BC</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Greater Sudbury</A>, ON</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</A>, ON</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec" title="Saguenay, Quebec">Saguenay</A>, QC</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</A>, QC</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</A>, ON</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Moncton" title="Moncton">Moncton</A>, <A href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">NB</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford">Brantford</A>, ON</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</A>, ON</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John</A>, NB</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Peterborough</A>, ON</LI></UL>
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style="display: none;"><A href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%9D%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Сейнт Джонс (Нюфаундленд и Лабрадор) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s" title="St. John's – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br" style="display: none;"><A href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_(Douar-Nevez_ha_Labrador)" title="St. John's (Douar-Nevez ha Labrador) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_John%27s_(Terranova_i_Labrador)" title="Saint John's (Terranova i Labrador) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Canada)" title="St. John's (kapital sa lalawigan sa Canada) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_(Newfoundland_a_Labrador)" title="St. John's (Newfoundland a Labrador) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da" style="display: none;"><A href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s" title="St. John's – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%E2%80%99s_(Neufundland)" title="St. John’s (Neufundland) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et" style="display: none;"><A href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_John%27s_(Kanada)" title="Saint John's (Kanada) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el" style="display: none;"><A href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Άγιος Ιωάννης Νέας Γης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan_de_Terranova" title="San Juan de Terranova – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s" title="St. John's – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_John%27s_(Ternua_eta_Labrador)" title="Saint John's (Ternua eta Labrador) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="سینت جانز، نیوفاندلند و لابرادور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><A href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean_de_Terre-Neuve" title="Saint-Jean de Terre-Neuve – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_(Nijf%C3%BBnl%C3%A2n)" title="St. John's (Nijfûnlân) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baile_She%C3%A1in" title="Baile Sheáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd" style="display: none;"><A href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baile_Naoimh_E%C3%B2in,_an_Talamh_%C3%99r" title="Baile Naoimh Eòin, an Talamh Ùr – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B8%ED%8A%B8%EC%A1%B4%EC%8A%A4_(%EB%89%B4%ED%8E%80%EB%93%A4%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_%EB%9E%98%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EB%8F%84_%EC%A3%BC)" title="세인트존스 (뉴펀들랜드 래브라도 주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io" style="display: none;"><A href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_e_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland e Labrador – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><A href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_dan_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland dan Labrador – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_(Nov-Fundland)" title="St. John's (Nov-Fundland) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os" style="display: none;"><A href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_%C3%A6%D0%BC%C3%A6_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Сент-Джонс (Ньюфаундленд æмæ Лабрадор) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is" style="display: none;"><A href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_(N%C3%BDfundnaland_og_Labrador)" title="St. John's (Nýfundnaland og Labrador) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it" style="display: none;"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_John%27s_(Canada)" title="Saint John's (Canada) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he" style="display: none;"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1_(%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8)" title="סנט ג'ונס (ניופאונדלנד ולברדור) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_(Newfoundland_aamma_Labrador)" title="St. John's (Newfoundland aamma Labrador) – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2-%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%96%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90)" title="სენტ-ჯონზი (კანადა) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la" style="display: none;"><A href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbs_Sancti_Ioannis_Terrae_Novae" title="Urbs Sancti Ioannis Terrae Novae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentd%C5%BEonsa_(Kan%C4%81da)" title="Sentdžonsa (Kanāda) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sent_D%C5%BEonsas_(Kanada)" title="Sent Džonsas (Kanada) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s" title="St. John's – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lumbaart</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%E2%80%99s_(Kanada)" title="St. John’s (Kanada) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Сент Џонс (Канада) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_(Newfoundland_en_Labrador)" title="St. John's (Newfoundland en Labrador) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA_(%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E5%B7%9E)" title="セントジョンズ (ニューファンドランド・ラブラドール州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no" style="display: none;"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_(Newfoundland_og_Labrador)" title="St. John's (Newfoundland og Labrador) – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_p%C3%A5_Newfoundland" title="St. John's på Newfoundland – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc" style="display: none;"><A href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_(T%C3%A8rran%C3%B2va_e_Labrador)" title="St. John's (Tèrranòva e Labrador) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86(%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%DA%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88_%D8%AA%DB%92_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%88%D8%B1)" title="سینٹ جان(نیو فاؤنڈلینڈ تے لیبراڈر) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%E2%80%99s_(Kanada)" title="St. John’s (Kanada) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s" title="St. John's – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_%C8%99i_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland și Labrador – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_John_(Newfoundland_wan_Labrador)" title="Saint John (Newfoundland wan Labrador) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Сент-Джонс (Ньюфаундленд и Лабрадор) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_John%27s_(Terranova_e_Labrador)" title="Saint John's (Terranova e Labrador) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_an_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland an Labrador – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_John%27s_(Newfoundland_dhe_Labradori)" title="Saint John's (Newfoundland dhe Labradori) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple" style="display: none;"><A href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Сент Џонс (Њуфаундленд и Лабрадор) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_(Newfoundland_i_Labrador)" title="St. John's (Newfoundland i Labrador) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%E2%80%99s_(Kanada)" title="St. John’s (Kanada) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_(Newfoundland_och_Labrador)" title="St. John's (Newfoundland och Labrador) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s" title="St. John's – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D,_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="செயின்ட் ஜான்ஸ், நியூஃபின்லான்ட் மற்றும் லாப்ரடோர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th" style="display: none;"><A href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="เซนต์จอนส์ (รัฐนิวฟันด์แลนด์และแลบราดอร์) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_ve_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland ve Labrador – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%96_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Сент-Джонс (Ньюфаундленд і Лабрадор) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><A href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%DA%88_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%92_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سینٹ جونز، نیو فاؤنڈ لینڈ اینڈ لیبرے ڈار – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_v%C3%A0_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland và Labrador – Vietnamese" lang="vi" 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document_title: St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

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question_text: what is the population of st. john's newfoundland

question_tokens: what is the population of st. john 's newfoundland