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<TITLE>Texture (music) - Wikipedia</TITLE>

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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Texture (music)</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March,%22_m._1-7.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.png/300px-Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.png" width="300" height="61" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.png/450px-Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.png/600px-Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.png 2x" data-file-width="2238" data-file-height="452" /></A>
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Introduction to <A href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa">Sousa</A>'s "<A href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post_(march)" title="The Washington Post (march)">Washington Post March</A>," mm. 1–7<SPAN class="unicode haudio"><SPAN class="fn"><SPAN style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/File:Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March,%22_m._1-7.mid" title="About this sound"><IMG alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></A> </SPAN><A href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March%2C%22_m._1-7.mid" class="internal" title="Sousa - "Washington Post March," m. 1-7.mid">Play</A></SPAN> <SMALL class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help"><SPAN style="cursor:help;">help</SPAN></A>·<A href="/wiki/File:Sousa_-_%22Washington_Post_March,%22_m._1-7.mid" title="File:Sousa - "Washington Post March," m. 1-7.mid"><SPAN style="cursor:help;">info</SPAN></A>)</SMALL></SPAN> features <A href="/wiki/Octave_doubling" class="mw-redirect" title="Octave doubling">octave doubling</A> (<A href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</A>, p. 133) and a homorhythmic texture.</DIV>
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<P>In <A href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</A>, <B>texture</B> is how the <A href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</A>, <A href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melodic</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmonic</A> materials are combined in a <A href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">composition</A>, thus determining the overall quality of the sound in a piece. Texture is often described in regard to the density, or thickness, and <A href="/wiki/Range_(music)" title="Range (music)">range</A>, or width, between lowest and highest pitches, in relative terms as well as more specifically distinguished according to the number of voices, or parts, and the relationship between these voices (see <A href="#Common_types">Common types</A> below). For example, a thick texture contains many 'layers' of instruments. One of these layers could be a string section, or another brass. The thickness also is changed by the amount and the richness of the instruments playing the piece. The thickness varies from light to thick. A piece's texture may be changed by the number and character of parts playing at once, the <A href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</A> of the instruments or voices playing these parts and the harmony, <A href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</A>, and rhythms used (<A href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</A>,<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><SPAN title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2015)">page needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP>). The types categorized by number and relationship of parts are analyzed and determined through the labeling of primary textural elements: primary melody (PM), secondary melody (SM), parallel supporting melody (PSM), static support (SS), harmonic support (HS), rhythmic support (RS), and harmonic and rhythmic support (HRS) (<A href="#CITEREFIsaac_&_Russell2003">Isaac & Russell 2003</A>, p. 136).</P>
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<H2>Contents</H2>
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<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Common_types"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Common types</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#Additional_types"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Additional types</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#Further_reading"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Further reading</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Common_types">Common types</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Texture_(music)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Common types">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>In musical terms, particularly in the fields of music history and music analysis, some common terms for different types of texture are:</P>
<TABLE class="wikitable">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH>Type</TH>
<TH>Description</TH>
<TH>Visual</TH>
<TH>Audio</TH>
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<TD><A href="/wiki/Monophony" title="Monophony">Monophonic</A></TD>
<TD>Monophonic texture includes a single melodic line with no accompaniment. (<A href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</A>, p. 136). PSMs often double or parallel the PM they support (<A href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</A>, p. 137).</TD>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Pop_Goes_the_Weasel_melody.PNG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pop_Goes_the_Weasel_melody.PNG/250px-Pop_Goes_the_Weasel_melody.PNG" width="250" height="83" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pop_Goes_the_Weasel_melody.PNG/375px-Pop_Goes_the_Weasel_melody.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pop_Goes_the_Weasel_melody.PNG/500px-Pop_Goes_the_Weasel_melody.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1444" data-file-height="478" /></A>
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"<A href="/wiki/Pop_Goes_the_Weasel" title="Pop Goes the Weasel">Pop Goes the Weasel</A>" melody (<A href="#CITEREFKliewer1975">Kliewer 1975</A>, pp. 270–301).</DIV>
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<DIV style="padding:4px 0"><A href="/wiki/File:Pop_Goes_the_Weasel.ogg" title="File:Pop Goes the Weasel.ogg">Pop Goes the Weasel</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="mediaContainer" style="width:220px"><DIV class="mwPlayerContainer k-player" style="width: 220px; position: relative;"><DIV class="videoHolder"><DIV class="mwEmbedPlayer" id="mwe_player_0" style=""><IMG src="data:image/png,%89PNG%0D%0A%1A%0A%00%00%00%0DIHDR%00%00%00%01%00%00%00%01%08%02%00%00%00%90wS%DE%00%00%00%01sRGB%00%AE%CE%1C%E9%00%00%00%09pHYs%00%00%0B%13%00%00%0B%13%01%00%9A%9C%18%00%00%00%07tIME%07%DB%0B%0A%17%041%80%9B%E7%F2%00%00%00%19tEXtComment%00Created%20with%20GIMPW%81%0E%17%00%00%00%0CIDAT%08%D7c%60%60%60%00%00%00%04%00%01'4'%0A%00%00%00%00IEND%AEB%60%82" class="playerPoster" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 110px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px;" /></DIV><A target="_blank" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Pop_Goes_the_Weasel.ogg"><DIV title="Play clip" class="play-btn-large" style="left: 50%; top: 50%; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: -27.5px;"></DIV></A></DIV></DIV></DIV>
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<DIV class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">Tune for <I>Pop Goes the Weasel</I></DIV>
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<TD>Biphonic</TD>
<TD>Two distinct lines, the lower sustaining a drone (constant pitch) while the other line creates a more elaborate melody above it. <A href="/wiki/Pedal_point" title="Pedal point">Pedal tones</A> or <A href="/wiki/Ostinati" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostinati">ostinati</A> would be an example of a SS (<A href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</A>, p. 137).</TD>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851,_m.1-2.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.png/250px-Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.png" width="250" height="63" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.png/375px-Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.png/500px-Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851%2C_m.1-2.png 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="131" /></A>
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Pedal tone in Bach's Prelude no. 6 in D Minor, BWV 851, from <I>The Well Tempered Clavier</I>, Book I, mm. 1–2. All pedal tone notes are consonant except for the last three of the first measure (<A href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</A>, p. 99).</DIV>
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<DIV style="padding:4px 0"><A href="/wiki/File:Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851,_m.1-2.mid" title="File:Pedal tone Bach - BWV 851, m.1-2.mid">Pedal tone Bach</A></DIV>
<DIV><A href="/wiki/File:Pedal_tone_Bach_-_BWV_851,_m.1-2.mid" title="File:Pedal tone Bach - BWV 851, m.1-2.mid">File:Pedal tone Bach - BWV 851, m.1-2.mid</A></DIV>
<DIV class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">Pedal tone in Bach's Prelude no. 6 in D Minor, BWV 851, from <I>The Well Tempered Clavier</I>, Book I, mm. 1–2.</DIV>
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<TD><A href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">Polyphonic</A> or <A href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">Counterpoint</A> or <A href="/wiki/Contrapuntal" class="mw-redirect" title="Contrapuntal">Contrapuntal</A></TD>
<TD>Multiple melodic voices which are to a considerable extent independent from or in imitation with one another. Characteristic texture of the <A href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance music</A>, also prevalent during the <A href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque period</A> (<A href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</A>, pp. 1999,199,158,137, 136,129,110,90,59,35,11,9,0)<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><SPAN title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (August 2015)">verification needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP>). Polyphonic textures may contain several PMs (<A href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</A>, p. 137).</TD>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><A href="/wiki/File:BachFugueBar.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/BachFugueBar.png/250px-BachFugueBar.png" width="250" height="206" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/BachFugueBar.png/375px-BachFugueBar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/BachFugueBar.png/500px-BachFugueBar.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="592" /></A>
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A bar from <A href="/wiki/J.S._Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="J.S. Bach">J.S. Bach</A>'s "<A href="/wiki/Fugue" title="Fugue">Fugue</A> No.17 in A flat", BWV 862, from <I><A href="/wiki/Well-tempered_Clavier" class="mw-redirect" title="Well-tempered Clavier">Das Wohltemperirte Clavier</A></I> (Part I), a famous example of <B><A href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">contrapuntal polyphony</A></B>. <SPAN class="unicode haudio"><SPAN class="fn"><SPAN style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/File:BachFugueBar.mid" title="About this sound"><IMG alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></A> </SPAN><A href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/BachFugueBar.mid" class="internal" title="BachFugueBar.mid">Play</A></SPAN> <SMALL class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help"><SPAN style="cursor:help;">help</SPAN></A>·<A href="/wiki/File:BachFugueBar.mid" title="File:BachFugueBar.mid"><SPAN style="cursor:help;">info</SPAN></A>)</SMALL></SPAN></DIV>
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<DIV style="padding:4px 0"><A href="/wiki/File:Johann_Sebastian_Bach_-_The_Well-tempered_Clavier_-_Book_1_-_11Efuge_Bbmaj.ogg" title="File:Johann Sebastian Bach - The Well-tempered Clavier - Book 1 - 11Efuge Bbmaj.ogg">Book 1 – Fugue No. 21 in B-flat major (BWV 866)</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="mediaContainer" style="width:220px"><DIV class="mwPlayerContainer k-player" style="width: 220px; position: relative;"><DIV class="videoHolder"><DIV class="mwEmbedPlayer" id="mwe_player_1" style=""><IMG src="data:image/png,%89PNG%0D%0A%1A%0A%00%00%00%0DIHDR%00%00%00%01%00%00%00%01%08%02%00%00%00%90wS%DE%00%00%00%01sRGB%00%AE%CE%1C%E9%00%00%00%09pHYs%00%00%0B%13%00%00%0B%13%01%00%9A%9C%18%00%00%00%07tIME%07%DB%0B%0A%17%041%80%9B%E7%F2%00%00%00%19tEXtComment%00Created%20with%20GIMPW%81%0E%17%00%00%00%0CIDAT%08%D7c%60%60%60%00%00%00%04%00%01'4'%0A%00%00%00%00IEND%AEB%60%82" class="playerPoster" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 110px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px;" /></DIV><A target="_blank" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Johann_Sebastian_Bach_-_The_Well-tempered_Clavier_-_Book_1_-_11Efuge_Bbmaj.ogg/Johann_Sebastian_Bach_-_The_Well-tempered_Clavier_-_Book_1_-_11Efuge_Bbmaj.ogg.mp3"><DIV title="Play clip" class="play-btn-large" style="left: 50%; top: 50%; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: -27.5px;"></DIV></A></DIV></DIV></DIV>
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<DIV class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">performed on a Flemish harpsichord by Martha Goldstein</DIV>
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<TD><A href="/wiki/Homophony" title="Homophony">Homophonic</A></TD>
<TD>The most common texture in Western music: melody and accompaniment. Multiple voices of which one, the melody, stands out prominently and the others form a background of harmonic accompaniment. If all the parts have much the same rhythm, the homophonic texture can also be described as homorhythmic. Characteristic texture of the <A href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Classical period</A> and continued to predominate in <A href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic music</A> while in the 20th century, "popular music is nearly all homophonic," and, "much of jazz is also" though, "the simultaneous improvisations of some jazz musicians creates a true polyphony" (<A href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</A>, p. 136). Homophonic textures usually contain only one PM (<A href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</A>, p. 137). HS and RS are often combined, thus labeled HRS (<A href="#CITEREFBenward_&_Saker2003">Benward & Saker 2003</A>, p. 137).</TD>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><A href="/wiki/File:If_ye_love_me.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/If_ye_love_me.png/250px-If_ye_love_me.png" width="250" height="154" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/If_ye_love_me.png/375px-If_ye_love_me.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/If_ye_love_me.png/500px-If_ye_love_me.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="462" /></A>
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Homophony in <A href="/wiki/Thomas_Tallis" title="Thomas Tallis">Tallis'</A> "<A href="/wiki/If_Ye_Love_Me_(Tallis)" title="If Ye Love Me (Tallis)">If Ye Love Me</A>", composed in 1549. The voices move together using the same rhythm, and the relationship between them creates chords: the excerpt begins and ends with an F <A href="/wiki/Major_chord" title="Major chord">major triad</A>.</DIV>
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<DIV style="padding:4px 0"><A href="/wiki/File:If_ye_love_me.ogg" title="File:If ye love me.ogg">Tallis' "If ye love me"</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">Beginning of Tallis' "If ye love me," notated above.</DIV>
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<TD><A href="/wiki/Homorhythm" title="Homorhythm">Homorhythmic</A></TD>
<TD>Multiple voices with similar rhythmic material in all parts. Also known as "chordal". May be considered a condition of homophony or distinguished from it.</TD>
<TD>see above</TD>
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<TD><A href="/wiki/Heterophony" title="Heterophony">Heterophonic</A></TD>
<TD>Two or more voices simultaneously performing variations of the same melody.</TD>
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<P>Many classical pieces feature different kinds of texture within a short space of time. An example is the Scherzo from <A href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_B_major,_D_575_(Schubert)" title="Piano Sonata in B major, D 575 (Schubert)">Schubert’s piano sonata in B major, D575</A>. The first four bars are <A href="/wiki/Monophony" title="Monophony">monophonic</A>, with both hands performing the same melody an octave apart:</P>
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Schubert Sonata in B scherzo bars 1–4</DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:402px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png/400px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png" width="400" height="144" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png/600px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png/800px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_scherzo_bars_1-4.png 2x" data-file-width="1862" data-file-height="670" /></A>
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Schubert Piano Sonata in B major scherzo bars 1–4</DIV>
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<P>Bars 5–10 are <A href="/wiki/Homophonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homophonic">homophonic</A>, with all voices coinciding rhythmically:</P>
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Schubert Sonata in B scherzo bars 5–10</DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:502px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png/500px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png" width="500" height="110" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png/750px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png/1000px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_scherzo_bars_5-10.png 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="544" /></A>
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Schubert Piano Sonata in B scherzo bars 5–10</DIV>
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<P>Bars 11–20 are <A href="/wiki/Polyphonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphonic">polyphonic</A>. There are three parts, the top two moving in parallel (interval of a tenth). The lowest part imitates the rhythm of the upper two at the distance of three beats. The passage climaxes abruptly with a bar’s silence:</P>
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Schubert Sonata in B scherzo bars 11–20</DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:502px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png/500px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png" width="500" height="256" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png/750px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png/1000px-Schubert_Piano_Sonata_in_B_major_Scherzo_bars_11-20.png 2x" data-file-width="2482" data-file-height="1272" /></A>
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Schubert Piano Sonata in B major Scherzo bars 11–20</DIV>
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<P>After the silence, the polyphonic texture expands from three to four independent parts moving simultaneously in bars 21-4. The upper two parts are <A href="/wiki/Imitation_(music)" title="Imitation (music)">imitative</A>, the lowest part consists of a repeated note (<A href="/wiki/Pedal_point" title="Pedal point">pedal point</A>) and the remaining part weaves an independent melodic line:</P>
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Schubert Sonata in B scherzo bars 21–24</DIV>
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Schubert Piano Sonata in B majore Scherzo bars 21–24</DIV>
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<P>The final four bars revert to <A href="/wiki/Homophony" title="Homophony">homophony</A>, bringing the section to a close;</P>
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Schubert Sonata in B scherzo bars 25–28</DIV>
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Schubert Sonata in B major Scherzo bars 25–28</DIV>
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<P>A complete performance can be heard by following this link: <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGGSMAb1SIQ&t=14m51s">Listen</A></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Additional_types">Additional types</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Texture_(music)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Additional types">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Although in music instruction certain styles or repertoires of music are often identified with one of these descriptions this is basically added music<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><SPAN title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2017)">clarification needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP> (for example, Gregorian chant is described as monophonic, Bach Chorales are described as homophonic and fugues as polyphonic), many composers use more than one type of texture in the same piece of music.</P>
<P>A simultaneity is more than one complete musical texture occurring at the same time, rather than in succession.</P>
<P>A more recent type of texture first used by <A href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</A> is <A href="/wiki/Micropolyphony" title="Micropolyphony">micropolyphony</A>. Other textures include polythematic, polyrhythmic, onomatopoeic, compound, and mixed or composite textures (<A href="#CITEREFCorozine2002">Corozine 2002</A>, p. 34).</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Texture_(music)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Style_bris%C3%A9" title="Style brisé">Style brisé</A></LI>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Texture_(music)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><CITE class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBenward_&_Saker">Benward, Bruce, and Marilyn Nadine Saker (2003). <I>Music: In Theory and Practice</I>, seventh edition, vol. 1. Boston: McGraw-Hill. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-294262-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-294262-0">978-0-07-294262-0</A>.</CITE></LI>
<LI><CITE id="Corozine" class="citation book">Corozine, Vince (2002). <I>Arranging Music for the Real World: Classical and Commercial Aspects</I>. Pacific, MO: Mel Bay. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7866-4961-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7866-4961-5">0-7866-4961-5</A>. <A href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/50470629">50470629</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arranging+Music+for+the+Real+World%3A+Classical+and+Commercial+Aspects&rft.place=Pacific%2C+MO&rft.pub=Mel+Bay&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50470629&rft.isbn=0-7866-4961-5&rft.aulast=Corozine&rft.aufirst=Vince&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATexture+%28music%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHanning1998"><A href="/wiki/Barbara_Russano_Hanning" title="Barbara Russano Hanning">Hanning, Barbara Russano</A>, <I>Concise History of Western Music</I>, based on Donald Jay Grout & Claudia V. Palisca's <I>A History of Western Music</I>, Fifth Edition. Published by <A href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</A>, New York, Copyright 1998. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-97168-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-97168-6">0-393-97168-6</A>.</CITE></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFIsaac_&_Russell2003">Isaac, and Russell (2003).<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><SPAN title="A more detailed citation is required. (August 2015)">full citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP>.</CITE><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><SPAN title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (August 2015)">verification needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKliewer1975">Kliewer, Vernon (1975). "Melody: Linear Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music". In <I>Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music</I>, edited by Gary Wittlich, pp. 270–301. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-049346-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-049346-5">0-13-049346-5</A>.</CITE></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKokoras2005"><A href="/wiki/Panayiotis_Kokoras" title="Panayiotis Kokoras">Kokoras, Panayiotis</A> (2005). <I><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/i/icmc/bbp2372.2005.188?rgn=main;view=fulltext">Towards a Holophonic Musical Texture</A></I>. In <I>Proceedings of the ICMC2005 – International Computer Music Conference</I>,<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><SPAN title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2015)">page needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP>. Barcelona: International Computer Music Conference.</CITE></LI>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Texture_(music)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>Anon.: "Monophony", <I><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com">Grove Music Online</A></I>, edited by Deane L. Root (accessed 1 August 2015) <SPAN style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(subscription required)</SPAN>.</LI>
<LI>Copland, Aaron. (1957). <I>What to Listen for in Music</I>, revised edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.</LI>
<LI>Demuth, Norman. 1964. <I>Musical Forms and Textures: A Reference Guide</I>, second edition. London: Barrie and Rockliff.</LI>
<LI>Frobenius, Wolf, Peter Cooke, Caroline Bithell, and Izaly Zemtsovsky: "Polyphony', <I><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com">Grove Music Online</A></I>. edited by Deane Root (accessed 1 August 2015) <SPAN style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(subscription required)</SPAN>.</LI>
<LI>Hyer, Brian: "Homophony", <I><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com">Grove Music Online</A></I>, edited by Deane Root (accessed 1 August 2015) <SPAN style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(subscription required)</SPAN>.</LI>
<LI>Keys, Ivor. 1961. <I>The Texture of Music: From Purcell to Brahms</I>. London: D. Dobson.</LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMailman2014">Mailman, Joshua B. 2014. "<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/9495273/Trajectory_Material_Process_and_Flow_in_Robert_Morriss_String_Quartet_Arc">Trajectory, Material, Process, and Flow in Robert Morris’s String Quartet <I>Arc</I></A>". <I>Perspectives of New Music</I> 52, no. 2: 249–83.</CITE></LI>
<LI>White, John David. 1995. <I>Theories of Musical Texture in Western History</I>. Perspectives in Music Criticism and Theory 1; Garland Reference Library of the Humanities 1678. New York: Garland Publishers.</LI>
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<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/liske/musicalelements/textureframes.html">A Guide to Musical Texture with multimedia</A></LI>
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					<LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textura_musical" title="Textura musical – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textur_(Musik)" title="Textur (Musik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et" style="display: none;"><A href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faktuur_(muusika)" title="Faktuur (muusika) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textura_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Textura (música) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonmetado" title="Tonmetado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C)" title="بافت (موسیقی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><A href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_(musique)" title="Grain (musique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><A href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he" style="display: none;"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9D_(%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="מרקם (מוזיקה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la" style="display: none;"><A href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textura_(musica)" title="Textura (musica) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Текстура (музика) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><A href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekstur_(muzik)" title="Tekstur (muzik) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2" title="テクスチュア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no" style="display: none;"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonesats" title="Tonesats – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musikalsk_tekstur" title="Musikalsk tekstur – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faktura_(muzyka)" title="Faktura (muzyka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textura_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Textura (música) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI 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document_title: Texture (music)

token: Texture

token: Music

token: wikipedia

token: Jump

token: to

token: navigation

token: search

token: Introduction

token: Sousa

token: 's

token: Washington

token: Post

token: March

token: mm

token: Play

token: help

token: info

token: features

token: octave

token: doubling

token: Benward

token: Saker

token: p.

token: and

token: a

token: homorhythmic

token: texture

token: In

token: music

token: is

token: how

token: the

token: tempo

token: melodic

token: harmonic

token: materials

token: are

token: combined

token: in

token: composition

token: thus

token: determining

token: overall

token: quality

token: sound

token: piece

token: often

token: described

token: regard

token: density

token: or

token: thickness

token: range

token: width

token: between

token: lowest

token: highest

token: pitches

token: relative

token: terms

token: as

token: well

token: more

token: specifically

token: distinguished

token: according

token: number

token: voices

token: parts

token: relationship

token: these

question_text: all of the following terms refer to different types of texture in music except