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<TITLE>Sodium bicarbonate - Wikipedia</TITLE>

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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Sodium bicarbonate</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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<CAPTION style="text-align:center;">Sodium bicarbonate</CAPTION>
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><A href="/wiki/File:SodiumBicarbonate.png" class="image"><IMG alt="SodiumBicarbonate.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SodiumBicarbonate.png/121px-SodiumBicarbonate.png" width="121" height="56" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SodiumBicarbonate.png/182px-SodiumBicarbonate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SodiumBicarbonate.png/242px-SodiumBicarbonate.png 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="639" /></A></TD>
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<TR>
<TD colspan="2" class="borderless" style="text-align:center">
<TABLE border="0" style="width:100%;">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD style="border-right:1px solid #aaa;">
<DIV class="center">
<DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Sodium-3D.png" class="image" title="Ball and stick model of a sodium cation"><IMG alt="Ball and stick model of a sodium cation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sodium-3D.png/110px-Sodium-3D.png" width="110" height="110" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sodium-3D.png/165px-Sodium-3D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sodium-3D.png/220px-Sodium-3D.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></A></DIV>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="center">
<DIV class="floatnone"><A href="/wiki/File:Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png" class="image" title="Ball and stick model of a bicarbonate anion"><IMG alt="Ball and stick model of a bicarbonate anion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png/110px-Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png" width="110" height="90" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png/165px-Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png/220px-Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="895" /></A></DIV>
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</TD>
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</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Sodium_bicarbonate.jpg" class="image" title="Sample of sodium bicarbonate"><IMG alt="Sample of sodium bicarbonate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sodium_bicarbonate.jpg/220px-Sodium_bicarbonate.jpg" width="220" height="131" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sodium_bicarbonate.jpg/330px-Sodium_bicarbonate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sodium_bicarbonate.jpg/440px-Sodium_bicarbonate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1722" data-file-height="1029" /></A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Names</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">IUPAC name</A>
<DIV style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Sodium hydrogen carbonate</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names
<DIV style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Baking soda, bicarb (laboratory slang), bicarbonate of soda, <A href="/wiki/Nahcolite" title="Nahcolite">nahcolite</A></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Identifiers</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</A></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI><SPAN title="www.commonchemistry.org"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonchemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.aspx?ref=144-55-8">144-55-8</A></SPAN><SUP> <IMG alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="7" height="7" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><SPAN style="display:none">Y</SPAN></SUP></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<A href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</A>)</DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI><SPAN title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BNa%2B%5D.OC%28%5BO-%5D%29%3DO">Interactive image</A></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Beilstein_database" title="Beilstein database">Beilstein Reference</A></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>4153970</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</A></TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI><SPAN title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=32139">CHEBI:32139</A></SPAN><SUP> <IMG alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="7" height="7" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><SPAN style="display:none">Y</SPAN></SUP></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</A></TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI><SPAN title="www.chemspider.com"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.8609.html">8609</A></SPAN><SUP> <IMG alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="7" height="7" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><SPAN style="display:none">Y</SPAN></SUP></LI>
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</DIV>
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<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</A></TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI><SPAN title="www.drugbank.ca"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01390">DB01390</A></SPAN><SUP> <IMG alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="7" height="7" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><SPAN style="display:none">Y</SPAN></SUP></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><SPAN title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</SPAN></A></TD>
<TD><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.005.122">100.005.122</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/European_Community_number" title="European Community number"><SPAN title="European Community number (chemical identifier)">EC Number</SPAN></A></TD>
<TD>205-633-8</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/IUPHAR/BPS" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPHAR/BPS">IUPHAR/BPS</A></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI><SPAN title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=summary&ligandId=4507">4507</A></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</A></TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI><SPAN title="www.kegg.jp"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kegg.jp/entry/C12603">C12603</A></SPAN><SUP> <IMG alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="7" height="7" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><SPAN style="display:none">Y</SPAN></SUP></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</A></TD>
<TD><SPAN title="www.nlm.nih.gov"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Sodium+bicarbonate">Sodium+bicarbonate</A></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</A> <ABBR title="Compound ID">CID</ABBR></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI><SPAN title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/516892">516892</A></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/RTECS" class="mw-redirect" title="RTECS">RTECS number</A></TD>
<TD>VZ0950000</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</A></TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI><SPAN title="fdasis.nlm.nih.gov"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/srsdirect.jsp?regno=8MDF5V39QO">8MDF5V39QO</A></SPAN><SUP> <IMG alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="7" height="7" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><SPAN style="display:none">Y</SPAN></SUP></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2">
<DIV class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;" id="NavFrame1">
<DIV class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><A href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</A><A class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle1" href="#">[show]</A></DIV>
<UL class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; word-break: break-all; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;">
<LI style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">
<DIV style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;">
<DIV style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1<SUP> <IMG alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="7" height="7" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><SPAN style="display:none">Y</SPAN></SUP></DIV>
<DIV style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">Key: UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M<SUP> <IMG alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="7" height="7" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><SPAN style="display:none">Y</SPAN></SUP></DIV>
</DIV>
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<LI style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">
<DIV style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;">
<DIV style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1</DIV>
<DIV style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">Key: UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-REWHXWOFAQ</DIV>
</DIV>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2">
<DIV class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;" id="NavFrame2">
<DIV class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><A href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</A><A class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle2" href="#">[show]</A></DIV>
<UL class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; word-break: break-all; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;">
<LI style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">
<DIV style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">[Na+].OC([O-])=O</DIV>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Properties</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</A></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><SPAN class="chemf nowrap">NaHCO<SPAN style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><BR />
3</SPAN></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</A></TD>
<TD>84.0066 g mol<SUP>−1</SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Appearance</TD>
<TD>White crystals</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Odor" title="Odor">Odor</A></TD>
<TD>Odorless</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</A></TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI>2.20 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP> as solid<SUP id="cite_ref-crc84.4-85_1-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-crc84.4-85-1">[1]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>1.1 to 1.3 as powder<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</A></TD>
<TD>(Decomposes to <A href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</A> starting at 50 °C<SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</A></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI>69 g/L (0 °C)<SUP id="cite_ref-crc84.8-116_3-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-crc84.8-116-3">[3]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>96 g/L (20 °C)<SUP id="cite_ref-UNEP_4-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-UNEP-4">[4]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>165 g/L (60 °C)<SUP id="cite_ref-UNEP_4-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-UNEP-4">[4]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>236 g/L (100 °C)<SUP id="cite_ref-crc84.8-116_3-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-crc84.8-116-3">[3]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">Solubility</A></TD>
<TD>0.02 wt% acetone, 2.13 wt% methanol @22 °C.<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP> insoluble in <A href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Partition_coefficient" title="Partition coefficient">log <I>P</I></A></TD>
<TD>−0.82</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant" title="Acid dissociation constant">Acidity</A> (p<I>K</I><SUB>a</SUB>)</TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI>10.329<SUP id="cite_ref-crc84.7-13_6-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-crc84.7-13-6">[6]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>6.351 (carbonic acid)<SUP id="cite_ref-crc84.7-13_6-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-crc84.7-13-6">[6]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</A> (<I>n</I><SUB>D</SUB>)</DIV>
</TD>
<TD>nα = 1.377 nβ = 1.501 nγ = 1.583</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Structure</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystal structure</A></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>Monoclinic</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Thermochemistry</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific heat capacity">Specific<BR />
heat capacity</A> (<I>C</I>)</DIV>
</TD>
<TD>87.61 J/mol K</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Standard_molar_entropy" title="Standard molar entropy">Std molar<BR />
entropy</A> (<I>S</I><SUP><S>o</S></SUP><SUB>298</SUB>)</DIV>
</TD>
<TD>102 J/mol K</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_change_of_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard enthalpy change of formation">Std enthalpy of<BR />
formation</A> (Δ<SUB>f</SUB><I>H</I><SUP><S>o</S></SUP><SUB>298</SUB>)</DIV>
</TD>
<TD>−947.7 kJ/mol</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy#Standard_energy_change_of_formation" title="Gibbs free energy">Gibbs free energy</A> (Δ<SUB>f</SUB><I>G</I>˚)</DIV>
</TD>
<TD>−851.9 kJ/mol</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Pharmacology</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</A></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/ATC_code_B05" title="ATC code B05">B05CB04</A> (<SPAN title="www.whocc.no"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=B05CB04">WHO</A></SPAN>) <A href="/wiki/ATC_code_B05" title="ATC code B05">B05XA02</A> (<SPAN title="www.whocc.no"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=B05XA02">WHO</A></SPAN>), <A href="/wiki/ATC_code_G04" title="ATC code G04">QG04BQ01</A> (<SPAN title="www.whocc.no/atcvet"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QG04BQ01">WHO</A></SPAN>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<BR />
administration</A></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>Intravenous, oral</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Hazards</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Main <A href="/wiki/Worker_safety_and_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Worker safety and health">hazards</A></TD>
<TD>Causes serious eye irritation</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</A></TD>
<TD><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siri.org/msds/f2/bdm/bdmjw.html">External MSDS</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</A></TD>
<TD>
<DIV style="width:100%; background:transparent;">
<DIV id="container" style="margin:0 auto; width:82px; font-family:sans-serif">
<DIV id="on_image_elements" class="nounderlines" style="background:; float:left; font-size:20px; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; position:relative; height:80px; width:80px; padding:1px;">
<DIV id="diamond_image_and_mw_ImageMap" style="position:absolute; height:80px; width:80px;">
<DIV class="noresize"><MAP name="ImageMap_1_1693210180" id="ImageMap_1_1693210180">
<AREA href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" shape="poly" coords="40,0,60,20,40,40,20,20" alt="Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water" title="Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water" />
<AREA href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" shape="poly" coords="20,20,40,40,20,60,0,40" alt="Health code 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g., sodium chloride" title="Health code 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g., sodium chloride" />
<AREA href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" shape="poly" coords="60,20,80,40,60,60,40,40" alt="Reactivity code 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g., calcium" title="Reactivity code 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g., calcium" />
<AREA href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" shape="poly" coords="40,40,60,60,40,80,20,60" alt="Special hazards (white): no code" title="Special hazards (white): no code" /></MAP><IMG alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png" width="80" height="80" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" usemap="#ImageMap_1_1693210180" /></DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV style="width:12px; text-align:center; position:absolute; top:12px; left:35px;"><A href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704"><SPAN style="color:black;" title="Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water">0</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV style="width:13px; text-align:center; position:absolute; top:31px; left:15px;"><A href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704"><SPAN style="color:black;" title="Health code 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g., sodium chloride">0</SPAN></A></DIV>
<DIV style="width:13px; text-align:center; position:absolute; top:31px; left:54px;"><A href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" title="NFPA 704"><SPAN style="color:black;" title="Reactivity code 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g., calcium">1</SPAN></A></DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Flash_point" title="Flash point">Flash point</A></TD>
<TD>Incombustible</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#f1f1f1;">Lethal dose or concentration (<I>LD</I>, <I>LC</I>):</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="background:#f4f4f4;">
<TD style="padding-left:1em;">
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><I>LD</I><SUB>50</SUB> (<A href="/wiki/Lethal_dose#LD50" title="Lethal dose">median dose</A>)</DIV>
</TD>
<TD>4220 mg/kg (rat, oral)<SUP id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-8">[8]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Related compounds</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Other <A href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">anions</A></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">Sodium carbonate</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Other <A href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">cations</A></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ammonium_bicarbonate" title="Ammonium bicarbonate">Ammonium bicarbonate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Potassium_bicarbonate" title="Potassium bicarbonate">Potassium bicarbonate</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Related compounds</DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_bisulfate" title="Sodium bisulfate">Sodium bisulfate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_hydrogen_phosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium hydrogen phosphate">Sodium hydrogen phosphate</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba;">
<DIV style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left;">
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <A href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</A> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</DIV>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="background:#f8eaba; border-top:2px solid transparent;">
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><IMG alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/12px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="12" height="12" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/24px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><SPAN style="display:none">Y</SPAN> <SPAN class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=476996774&page2=Sodium+bicarbonate">verify</A></SPAN> (<A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">what is</A> <SUP><IMG alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="7" height="7" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><SPAN style="display:none">Y</SPAN><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" width="7" height="8" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /><SPAN style="display:none">N</SPAN></SUP> ?)</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="background:#f8eaba; border-top:2px solid transparent;">
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR style="background:#f8eaba;">
<TD style="width:40%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-right:1px solid transparent;"></TD>
<TD style="width:60%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-left:1px solid transparent;"></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><B>Sodium bicarbonate</B> (<A href="/wiki/IUPAC_name" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC name">IUPAC name</A>: <B>sodium hydrogen carbonate</B>), commonly known as <B>baking soda</B>, is a <A href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">chemical compound</A> with the formula <A href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</A><A href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">HCO<SUB>3</SUB></A>. It is a <A href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salt</A> composed of <A href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</A> ions and <A href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">bicarbonate</A> ions. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is <A href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">crystalline</A> but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, <A href="/wiki/Alkaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline">alkaline</A> taste resembling that of washing soda (<A href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</A>). The natural mineral form is <A href="/wiki/Nahcolite" title="Nahcolite">nahcolite</A>. It is a component of the mineral <A href="/wiki/Natron" title="Natron">natron</A> and is found dissolved in many <A href="/wiki/Mineral_spring" title="Mineral spring">mineral springs</A>. It is among the <A href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</A>-encoded <A href="/wiki/Food_additives" class="mw-redirect" title="Food additives">food additives</A>, identified as <A href="/wiki/E_number#E500–E599_(acidity_regulators,_anti-caking_agents)" title="E number">E 500</A>.</P>
<P></P>
<DIV id="toc" class="toc">
<DIV class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">
<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Nomenclature"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Nomenclature</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#Uses"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Uses</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><A href="#Cooking"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Cooking</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><A href="#Baking_powder"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Baking powder</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><A href="#Pest_control"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Pest control</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><A href="#Alkalinity/pH_increase"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Alkalinity/pH increase</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><A href="#Pyrotechnics"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Pyrotechnics</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><A href="#Mild_disinfectant"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Mild disinfectant</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><A href="#Fire_extinguisher"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Fire extinguisher</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><A href="#Neutralization_of_acids_and_bases"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Neutralization of acids and bases</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><A href="#Medical_uses_and_health"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Medical uses and health</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><A href="#Personal_hygiene"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.8.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Personal hygiene</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><A href="#Veterinary_uses"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.8.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Veterinary uses</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><A href="#In_sports"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">In sports</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><A href="#Cleaning_agent"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.10</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Cleaning agent</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><A href="#Chemistry"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Chemistry</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><A href="#Thermal_decomposition"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Thermal decomposition</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><A href="#History"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">History</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><A href="#Production"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Production</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><A href="#Mining"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Mining</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><A href="#In_popular_culture"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">In popular culture</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><A href="#Film"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Film</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<P></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Because it has long been known and is widely used, the salt has many related names such as <B>baking soda</B>, <B>bread soda</B>, <B>cooking soda</B>, and <B>bicarbonate of soda</B>. In colloquial usage, the names sodium bicarbonate and bicarbonate of soda are often truncated; forms such as sodium bicarb, bicarb soda, bicarbonate, and bicarb are common. The word <I>saleratus</I>, from <A href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</A> <I>sal æratus</I> meaning "aerated salt", was widely used in the 19th century for both sodium bicarbonate and <A href="/wiki/Potassium_bicarbonate" title="Potassium bicarbonate">potassium bicarbonate</A>.</P>
<P>The prefix <I>bi</I> in <I>bicarbonate</I> comes from an outdated naming system and is based on the observation that there is twice as much <A href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonate</A> (CO<SUB>3</SUB>) per sodium in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB>) as there is in <A href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</A> (Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB>). The modern chemical formulas of these compounds express their precise chemical compositions (which were unknown when the names <I>sodium carbonate</I> and <I>sodium bicarbonate</I> were coined) and show the same ratio the other way around: There is half as much sodium per carbonate in NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> as in Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> (Na versus Na<SUB>2</SUB>).</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Uses">Uses</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Uses">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate has a wide variety of uses.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Cooking">Cooking</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cooking">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Leavening_agent" title="Leavening agent">Leavening agent</A></DIV>
<P>In cooking, sodium bicarbonate, referred to as <I>baking soda</I>, is primarily used in <A href="/wiki/Baking" title="Baking">baking</A> as a <A href="/wiki/Leavening_agent" title="Leavening agent">leavening agent</A>. It reacts with acidic components in batters, releasing carbon dioxide, which causes expansion of the batter and forms the characteristic texture and grain in pancakes, cakes, <A href="/wiki/Quick_bread" title="Quick bread">quick breads</A>, <A href="/wiki/Soda_bread" title="Soda bread">soda bread</A>, and other baked and fried foods. Acidic compounds that induce this reaction include <A href="/wiki/Phosphates" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphates">phosphates</A>, <A href="/wiki/Cream_of_tartar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cream of tartar">cream of tartar</A>, <A href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon juice</A>, <A href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">yogurt</A>, <A href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">buttermilk</A>, <A href="/wiki/Cocoa_solids" title="Cocoa solids">cocoa</A> and <A href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</A>. Baking soda may be used together with <A href="/wiki/Sourdough" title="Sourdough">sourdough</A>, which is acidic, making a lighter product with a less acid taste.<SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Heat can also by itself cause sodium bicarbonate to act as a raising agent in baking because of thermal decomposition, releasing carbon dioxide. When used this way on its own, without the presence of an acidic component (whether in the batter or by the use of a baking powder containing acid), only half the available CO<SUB>2</SUB> is released. Additionally, in the absence of acid, thermal decomposition of sodium bicarbonate also produces <A href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</A>, which is strongly alkaline and gives the baked product a bitter, "soapy" taste and a yellow color. To avoid an over-acidic taste from added acid, non-acid ingredients such as whole milk or <A href="/wiki/Dutch_process_chocolate" title="Dutch process chocolate">Dutch-processed</A> <A href="/wiki/Cocoa_solids" title="Cocoa solids">cocoa</A> are often added to baked foods.<SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Carbon dioxide production from exposure to heat starts at temperatures above 80 °C (180 °F).<SUP id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-11">[11]</A></SUP></P>
<DL>
<DD>2 NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> → Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> + H<SUB>2</SUB>O + CO<SUB>2</SUB></DD>
</DL>
<P>Since the reaction occurs slowly at room temperature, mixtures (cake batter, etc.) can be allowed to stand without rising until they are heated in the oven.</P>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate was sometimes used in cooking green vegetables, as it gives them a bright green colour—which has been described as artificial-looking—due to its reacting with <A href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">chlorophyll</A> to produce <A href="/wiki/Chlorophyllin" title="Chlorophyllin">chlorophyllin</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Srilakshmi2003_12-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Srilakshmi2003-12">[12]</A></SUP> However, this tends to affect taste, texture and nutritional content, and is no longer common.<SUP id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-13">[13]</A></SUP> Baking soda is still used, though, in the traditional British <A href="/wiki/Mushy_peas" title="Mushy peas">mushy peas</A> recipe for soaking the peas. It is also used in Asian and Latin American cuisine to <A href="/wiki/Meat_tenderness#Tenderizing" title="Meat tenderness">tenderize</A> meats. Baking soda may react with acids in food, including <A href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</A> (<SMALL>L</SMALL>-ascorbic acid). It is also used in breading such as for fried foods to enhance crispness and allow passages for steam to escape, so the breading is not blown off during cooking.</P>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Baking_powder">Baking powder</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Baking powder">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P><A href="/wiki/Baking_powder" title="Baking powder">Baking powder</A>, also sold for cooking, contains around 30% of bicarbonate, and various acidic ingredients which are activated by the addition of water, without the need for additional acids in the cooking medium.<SUP id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-14">[14]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-15">[15]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-16">[16]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Many forms of baking powder contain sodium bicarbonate combined with <A href="/wiki/Calcium_acid_phosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium acid phosphate">calcium acid phosphate</A>, <A href="/wiki/Sodium_aluminium_phosphate" title="Sodium aluminium phosphate">sodium aluminium phosphate</A> or <A href="/wiki/Cream_of_tartar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cream of tartar">cream of tartar</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[17]</A></SUP> Baking soda is alkaline; the acid used in baking powder avoids a metallic taste when the chemical change during baking creates sodium carbonate.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Pest_control">Pest control</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pest control">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate can be used to kill <A href="/wiki/Cockroaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockroaches">cockroaches</A>. Once consumed, it causes internal organs of cockroaches to burst due to gas collection.<SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate can be an effective way of controlling fungal growth,<SUP id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-19">[19]</A></SUP> and in the United States is registered by the <A href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</A> as a <A href="/wiki/Biopesticide" title="Biopesticide">biopesticide</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-20">[20]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN id="Alkalinity.2FpH_increase"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Alkalinity/pH_increase">Alkalinity/pH increase</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alkalinity/pH increase">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate can be administered to pools, spas, and garden ponds to raise the total alkalinity. This will also raise the <A href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</A> level and make maintaining proper pH easier. In the event that the pH is low and the alkalinity is adequate or high, sodium bicarbonate should not be used to adjust the pH.<SUP id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-21">[21]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Pyrotechnics">Pyrotechnics</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pyrotechnics">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate is one of the main components of the common <A href="/wiki/Black_snake_(firework)" title="Black snake (firework)">"black snake" firework</A>. The effect is caused by the thermal decomposition, which produces carbon dioxide gas to produce a long <A href="/wiki/Snake" title="Snake">snake</A>-like ash as a combustion product of the other main component, <A href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">sucrose</A>.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Mild_disinfectant">Mild disinfectant</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mild disinfectant">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>It has weak <A href="/wiki/Disinfectant" title="Disinfectant">disinfectant</A> properties,<SUP id="cite_ref-Malik_22-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Malik-22">[22]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-23">[23]</A></SUP> and it may be an effective <A href="/wiki/Fungicide" title="Fungicide">fungicide</A> against some organisms.<SUP id="cite_ref-Zamani_24-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Zamani-24">[24]</A></SUP> Because baking soda will absorb musty smells, it has become a reliable method for used-book sellers when making books less malodorous.<SUP id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-25">[25]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Fire_extinguisher">Fire extinguisher</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fire extinguisher">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate can be used to extinguish small grease or electrical fires by being thrown over the fire, as heating of sodium bicarbonate releases carbon dioxide.<SUP id="cite_ref-arm_26-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-arm-26">[26]</A></SUP> However, it should not be applied to fires in <A href="/wiki/Deep_fryer" title="Deep fryer">deep fryers</A>; the sudden release of gas may cause the grease to splatter.<SUP id="cite_ref-arm_26-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-arm-26">[26]</A></SUP> Sodium bicarbonate is used in BC <A href="/wiki/Fire_extinguishers#Dry_chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire extinguishers">dry chemical</A> <A href="/wiki/Fire_extinguishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire extinguishers">fire extinguishers</A> as an alternative to the more corrosive <A href="/wiki/Diammonium_phosphate" title="Diammonium phosphate">diammonium phosphate</A> in ABC extinguishers. The alkaline nature of sodium bicarbonate makes it the only dry chemical agent, besides <A href="/wiki/Purple-K" title="Purple-K">Purple-K</A>, that was used in large-scale fire suppression systems installed in commercial kitchens. Because it can act as an alkali, the agent has a mild <A href="/wiki/Saponification" title="Saponification">saponification</A> effect on hot grease, which forms a smothering, soapy foam.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Neutralization_of_acids_and_bases">Neutralization of acids and bases</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Neutralization of acids and bases">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate is <A href="/wiki/Amphoterism" title="Amphoterism">amphoteric</A>, reacting with <A href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">acids and bases</A>. It reacts violently with acids, releasing CO<SUB>2</SUB> gas as a reaction product. It is commonly used to neutralize unwanted acid solutions or acid spills in chemical laboratories.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Medical_uses_and_health">Medical uses and health</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Medical uses and health">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <A href="/wiki/Intravenous_sodium_bicarbonate" title="Intravenous sodium bicarbonate">Intravenous sodium bicarbonate</A></DIV>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate mixed with water can be used as an <A href="/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid">antacid</A> to treat <A href="/wiki/Acid_indigestion" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid indigestion">acid indigestion</A> and <A href="/wiki/Heartburn" title="Heartburn">heartburn</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-27">[27]</A></SUP> Its reaction with <A href="/wiki/Stomach_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Stomach acid">stomach acid</A> produces salt, water, and <A href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</A>:</P>
<DL>
<DD>NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> + HCl → NaCl + H<SUB>2</SUB>O + CO<SUB>2</SUB>(g)</DD>
</DL>
<P><A href="/wiki/Intravenous_sodium_bicarbonate" title="Intravenous sodium bicarbonate">Intravenous sodium bicarbonate</A> is an aqueous solution that is sometimes used for cases of <A href="/wiki/Acidosis" title="Acidosis">acidosis</A>, or when insufficient sodium or bicarbonate ions are in the blood.<SUP id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-28">[28]</A></SUP> In cases of respiratory acidosis, the infused bicarbonate ion drives the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer of plasma to the left and, thus, raises the pH. It is for this reason that sodium bicarbonate is used in medically supervised <A href="/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_resuscitation" title="Cardiopulmonary resuscitation">cardiopulmonary resuscitation</A>. Infusion of bicarbonate is indicated only when the blood pH is markedly (<7.1–7.0) low.<SUP id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-29">[29]</A></SUP></P>
<P>HCO<SUB>3</SUB> is used for treatment of <A href="/wiki/Hyperkalemia" title="Hyperkalemia">hyperkalemia</A>, as it will drive K<SUP>+</SUP> back into cells during periods of acidosis.<SUP id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-30">[30]</A></SUP> Since sodium bicarbonate can cause <A href="/wiki/Alkalosis" title="Alkalosis">alkalosis</A>, it is sometimes used to treat aspirin overdoses. Aspirin requires an acidic environment for proper absorption, and the basic environment diminishes aspirin absorption in the case of an overdose.<SUP id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-31">[31]</A></SUP> Sodium bicarbonate has also been used in the treatment of <A href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant_overdose" title="Tricyclic antidepressant overdose">tricyclic antidepressant overdose</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-pmid9142034_32-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-pmid9142034-32">[32]</A></SUP> It can also be applied topically as a paste, with three parts baking soda to one part water, to relieve some kinds of insect bites and stings (as well as accompanying swelling).<SUP id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-33">[33]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate has been found to have no effect on the blood pressure of several types of <A href="/wiki/Rat_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Rat model">rat models</A> susceptible to salt-sensitive <A href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</A>, in contrast with <A href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</A>. This was ascribed to the high concentration of chloride, rather than the sodium content in dietary salts.<SUP id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-34">[34]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate can be used to treat an allergic reaction to plants such as <A href="/wiki/Poison_ivy" class="mw-redirect" title="Poison ivy">poison ivy</A>, <A href="/wiki/Poison_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Poison oak">poison oak</A>, or <A href="/wiki/Poison_sumac" class="mw-redirect" title="Poison sumac">poison sumac</A> to relieve some of the associated itching.<SUP id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-35">[35]</A></SUP><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to better sources. (October 2017)">better source needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></P>
<P>Bicarbonate of soda can also be useful in removing splinters from the skin.<SUP id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-36">[36]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Some alternative practitioners, such as <A href="/wiki/Tullio_Simoncini" title="Tullio Simoncini">Tullio Simoncini</A>, have promoted baking soda as a <A href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</A> cure, which the American Cancer Society has warned against due to both its unproven effectiveness and potential danger in use.<SUP id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-37">[37]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate can be added to <A href="/wiki/Local_anaesthetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Local anaesthetics">local anaesthetics</A>, to speed up the onset of their effects and make their injection less painful.<SUP id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-38">[38]</A></SUP> It is also a component of <A href="/wiki/Moffett%27s_solution" title="Moffett's solution">Moffett's solution</A>, used in <A href="/wiki/Nose" title="Nose">nasal</A> <A href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgery</A>.</P>
<P>It was discovered as early as the 1920s that bicarbonate caused increase in bone strength in patients who were losing calcium in their urine. In 1968 it was suggested that diets producing too much acid might put bones at risk.<SUP id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-39">[39]</A></SUP> Experiments by Anthony Sebastian of the <A href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Francisco" title="University of California, San Francisco">University of California, San Francisco</A> starting in the late twentieth century found that the body was breaking down bones and muscles to release carbonates, phosphates and ammonia, which neutralize acid. Adding bicarbonate to the diet (he used <A href="/wiki/Potassium_bicarbonate" title="Potassium bicarbonate">potassium bicarbonate</A>) reduced loss of calcium in post-menopausal women, amounting to the equivalent of "an arm-and-a-leg's worth" of bone if this continued for two decades.</P>
<P>A wide variety of applications follows from its neutralization properties, including reducing the spread of <A href="/wiki/White_phosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="White phosphorus">white phosphorus</A> from incendiary bullets inside an afflicted soldier's wounds.<SUP id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-40">[40]</A></SUP><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><SPAN title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (November 2011)">medical citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid">Antacid</A> (such as baking soda) solutions have been prepared and used by protesters to alleviate the effects of exposure to <A href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</A> during protests.<SUP id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-41">[41]</A></SUP><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><SPAN title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (October 2017)">not in citation given</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-42">[42]</A></SUP></P>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Personal_hygiene">Personal hygiene</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personal hygiene">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P><A href="/wiki/Toothpaste" title="Toothpaste">Toothpaste</A> containing sodium bicarbonate has in several studies been shown to have a better whitening<SUP id="cite_ref-Kleber_1998_72–5_43-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Kleber_1998_72–5-43">[43]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Kleber_1998_72–5_43-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Kleber_1998_72–5-43">[43]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-44">[44]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-45">[45]</A></SUP> and plaque removal effect<SUP id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-46">[46]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-47">[47]</A></SUP> than toothpastes without it.</P>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate is also used as an ingredient in some mouthwashes. It has anticaries and abrasive properties.<SUP id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-48">[48]</A></SUP> It works as a mechanical cleanser on the teeth and gums, neutralizes the production of acid in the mouth, and also acts as an <A href="/wiki/Antiseptic" title="Antiseptic">antiseptic</A> to help prevent infections.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></P>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate in combination with other ingredients can be used to make a dry or wet <A href="/wiki/Deodorant" title="Deodorant">deodorant</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-49">[49]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-50">[50]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate may be used as a buffering agent, combined with table salt, when creating a solution for <A href="/wiki/Nasal_irrigation" title="Nasal irrigation">nasal irrigation</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-51">[51]</A></SUP></P>
<P>It is used in eye hygiene to treat <A href="/wiki/Blepharitis" title="Blepharitis">blepharitis</A>. This is done by addition of a teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate to cool water that was recently boiled, followed by gentle scrubbing of the eyelash base with a cotton swab dipped in the solution.<SUP id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-52">[52]</A></SUP></P>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Veterinary_uses">Veterinary uses</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Veterinary uses">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate is used as a cattle feed supplement, in particular as a <A href="/wiki/Buffering_agent" title="Buffering agent">buffering agent</A> for the <A href="/wiki/Rumen" title="Rumen">rumen</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-53">[53]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="In_sports">In sports</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In sports">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Small amounts of sodium bicarbonate have been shown to be useful as a supplement for athletes in speed-based events, such as middle-distance running, lasting from about one to seven minutes.<SUP id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-54">[54]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Ergogenic_Aids_55-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Ergogenic_Aids-55">[55]</A></SUP> However, overdose is a serious risk because sodium bicarbonate is slightly toxic;<SUP id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-56">[56]</A></SUP> and gastrointestinal irritation is of particular concern.<SUP id="cite_ref-Ergogenic_Aids_55-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Ergogenic_Aids-55">[55]</A></SUP> Additionally, this practice causes a significant increase in dietary sodium.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Cleaning_agent">Cleaning agent</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cleaning agent">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate is used in a process for removing paint and corrosion called <A href="/wiki/Sodablasting" title="Sodablasting">sodablasting</A>; the process is particularly suitable for cleaning aluminium panels which can be distorted by other types of abrasives.</P>
<P>A paste made from baking soda with minimal water is recommended by a manufacturer as a gentle scouring powder,<SUP id="cite_ref-arm_26-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-arm-26">[26]</A></SUP> and is useful in removing surface rust, as the rust forms a water-soluble compound when in a concentrated alkaline solution;<SUP id="cite_ref-InorgChem_57-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InorgChem-57">[57]</A></SUP> cold water should be used, as hot water solutions can corrode steel. <SUP id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-58">[58]</A></SUP> Sodium bicarbonate attacks the thin unreactive protective oxide layer that forms on aluminium, making it unsuitable for cleaning this otherwise very reactive metal.<SUP id="cite_ref-PhilMus_59-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PhilMus-59">[59]</A></SUP> A solution in warm water will remove the <A href="/wiki/Tarnish" title="Tarnish">tarnish</A> from silver when the silver is in contact with a piece of <A href="/wiki/Aluminium_foil" title="Aluminium foil">aluminium foil</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-PhilMus_59-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PhilMus-59">[59]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-60">[60]</A></SUP> Baking soda is commonly added to washing machines as a replacement for water-softener and to remove odors from clothes. Sodium bicarbonate is also effective in removing heavy tea and coffee stains from cups when diluted with warm water. Also, baking soda can be used as a multi purpose odor remover.<SUP id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-61">[61]</A></SUP></P>
<P>During the <A href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</A> to develop the nuclear bomb in the early 1940s the chemical toxicity of uranium was an issue. It was found that uranium oxides stick very well to cotton cloth, and did not wash out with soap or laundry detergent. However, the uranium would wash out with a 2% solution of sodium bicarbonate. Clothing can become contaminated with toxic dust of <A href="/wiki/Depleted_uranium" title="Depleted uranium">depleted uranium</A> (DU), which is very dense, and hence used for counterweights in a civilian context, and in armour-piercing projectiles. DU is not removed by normal laundering; washing with about 6 ounces (170 g) of baking soda in 2 gallons (7.5 l) of water will help to wash it out.<SUP id="cite_ref-Orcutt_62-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Orcutt-62">[62]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Chemistry">Chemistry</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Chemistry">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate is an <A href="/wiki/Amphoteric" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphoteric">amphoteric</A> compound. Aqueous solutions are very mildly <A href="/wiki/Alkaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline">alkaline</A> due to the formation of <A href="/wiki/Carbonic_acid" title="Carbonic acid">carbonic acid</A> and <A href="/wiki/Hydroxide" title="Hydroxide">hydroxide</A> ion:</P>
<DL>
<DD>HCO<SPAN style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left">−<BR />
3</SPAN> + H<SUB>2</SUB>O → <SPAN class="chemf nowrap">H<SPAN style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><BR />
2</SPAN>CO<SPAN style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><BR />
3</SPAN></SPAN> + OH<SUP>−</SUP></DD>
</DL>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate can be used as a wash to remove any acidic impurities from a "crude" liquid, producing a purer sample. Reaction of sodium bicarbonate and an <A href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acid</A> produces a salt and carbonic acid, which readily decomposes to carbon dioxide and water:</P>
<DL>
<DD>NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> + HCl → NaCl + H<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB></DD>
<DD>H<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> → H<SUB>2</SUB>O + CO<SUB>2</SUB>(g)</DD>
</DL>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate reacts with <A href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</A> (found in <A href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</A>), producing <A href="/wiki/Sodium_acetate" title="Sodium acetate">sodium acetate</A>, water, and <A href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</A>:</P>
<DL>
<DD>NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> + CH<SUB>3</SUB>COOH → CH<SUB>3</SUB>COONa + H<SUB>2</SUB>O + CO<SUB>2</SUB>(g)</DD>
</DL>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate reacts with <A href="/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry)">bases</A> such as sodium hydroxide to form carbonates:</P>
<DL>
<DD>NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> + NaOH → Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> + H<SUB>2</SUB>O</DD>
</DL>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate reacts with <A href="/wiki/Carboxyl_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboxyl group">carboxyl groups</A> in proteins to give a brisk <A href="/wiki/Effervescence" title="Effervescence">effervescence</A> from the formation of <SPAN class="chemf nowrap">CO<SPAN style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><BR />
2</SPAN></SPAN>. This reaction is used to test for the presence of carboxylic groups in protein.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Thermal_decomposition">Thermal decomposition</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Thermal decomposition">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Above 50 °C, sodium bicarbonate gradually decomposes into sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide. The conversion is fast at 200 °C:<SUP id="cite_ref-frostburg_63-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-frostburg-63">[63]</A></SUP></P>
<DL>
<DD>2 NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> → Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> + H<SUB>2</SUB>O + CO<SUB>2</SUB></DD>
</DL>
<P>Most bicarbonates undergo this <A href="/wiki/Dehydration_reaction" title="Dehydration reaction">dehydration reaction</A>. Further heating converts the carbonate into the <A href="/wiki/Sodium_oxide" title="Sodium oxide">oxide</A> (above 850 °C):<SUP id="cite_ref-frostburg_63-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-frostburg-63">[63]</A></SUP></P>
<DL>
<DD>Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> → Na<SUB>2</SUB>O + CO<SUB>2</SUB></DD>
</DL>
<P>These conversions are relevant to the use of NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> as a fire-suppression agent ("BC powder") in some dry powder <A href="/wiki/Fire_extinguisher" title="Fire extinguisher">fire extinguishers</A>.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="History">History</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: History">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>In 1791 French chemist <A href="/wiki/Nicolas_Leblanc" title="Nicolas Leblanc">Nicolas Leblanc</A> produced sodium carbonate, also known as <A href="/wiki/Soda_ash" class="mw-redirect" title="Soda ash">soda ash</A>. In 1846 two New York bakers, <A href="/wiki/John_Dwight_(manufacturer)" title="John Dwight (manufacturer)">John Dwight</A> and <A href="/wiki/Austin_Church" title="Austin Church">Austin Church</A>, established the first factory in the United States to produce baking soda from sodium carbonate and <A href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-64">[64]</A></SUP></P>
<P><I>Saleratus</I>, potassium or sodium bicarbonate, is mentioned in the novel <I><A href="/wiki/Captains_Courageous" title="Captains Courageous">Captains Courageous</A></I> by <A href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</A> as being used extensively in the 1800s in commercial fishing to prevent freshly caught fish from spoiling.<SUP id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-65">[65]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Production">Production</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Production">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Solvay_process" title="Solvay process">Solvay process</A></DIV>
<P>NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> is mainly prepared by the <A href="/wiki/Solvay_process" title="Solvay process">Solvay process</A>, which is the reaction of <A href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</A>, <A href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</A> in water. <A href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">Calcium carbonate</A> is used as the source of CO<SUB>2</SUB> and the resultant calcium oxide is used to recover the ammonia from the <A href="/wiki/Ammonium_chloride" title="Ammonium chloride">ammonium chloride</A>. The product shows a low purity (75%). Pure product is obtained from sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide as reported in one of the following reactions. It is produced on the scale of about 100,000 tonnes/year (as of 2001).<SUP id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-66">[66]</A></SUP></P>
<P>NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> may be obtained by the reaction of carbon dioxide with an <A href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">aqueous solution</A> of <A href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">sodium hydroxide</A>. The initial reaction produces <A href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</A>:</P>
<DL>
<DD>CO<SUB>2</SUB> + 2 NaOH → Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> + H<SUB>2</SUB>O</DD>
</DL>
<P>Further addition of carbon dioxide produces sodium bicarbonate, which at sufficiently high concentration will precipitate out of solution:</P>
<DL>
<DD>Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> + CO<SUB>2</SUB> + H<SUB>2</SUB>O → 2 NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB></DD>
</DL>
<P>Commercial quantities of baking soda are also produced by a similar method: soda ash, mined in the form of the ore <A href="/wiki/Trona" title="Trona">trona</A>, is dissolved in water and treated with carbon dioxide. Sodium bicarbonate precipitates as a solid from this method:</P>
<DL>
<DD>Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> + CO<SUB>2</SUB> + H<SUB>2</SUB>O → 2 NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB></DD>
</DL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Mining">Mining</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mining">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Naturally occurring deposits of nahcolite (NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB>) are found in the <A href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</A>-age (55.8–33.9 Mya) <A href="/wiki/Green_River_Formation" title="Green River Formation">Green River Formation</A>, <A href="/wiki/Piceance_Basin" title="Piceance Basin">Piceance Basin</A> in <A href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</A>. Nahcolite was deposited as beds during periods of high evaporation in the basin. It is commercially mined using common underground mining techniques such as bore, drum, and longwall mining in a fashion very similar to coal mining. A very small portion is also obtained using <I><A href="/wiki/In_situ" title="In situ">in situ</A></I> leach techniques involving dissolution of the nahcolite by heated water pumped through the nahcolite beds that have previously been mined using the aforementioned techniques. It is then reconstituted through a natural cooling crystallization process. Currently only Tronox (formerly FMC) in the Green River Wyoming basin has successfully commercially solution mined the product.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Film">Film</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Film">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Sodium bicarbonate, as "bicarbonate of soda", was a frequent source of punch lines for <A href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</A> in <A href="/wiki/Marx_brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Marx brothers">Marx brothers</A> movies. In <I><A href="/wiki/Duck_Soup_(1933_film)" title="Duck Soup (1933 film)">Duck Soup</A></I>, Marx plays the leader of a nation at war. In one scene, he receives a message from the battlefield that his general is reporting a gas attack, and Groucho tells his aide: "Tell him to take a teaspoonful of bicarbonate of soda and a half a glass of water."<SUP id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-67">[67]</A></SUP> In <I><A href="/wiki/A_Night_at_the_Opera_(film)" title="A Night at the Opera (film)">A Night at the Opera</A></I>, Groucho's character addresses the opening night crowd at an opera by saying of the lead tenor: "Signor Lassparri comes from a very famous family. His mother was a well-known bass singer. His father was the first man to stuff spaghetti with bicarbonate of soda, thus causing and curing indigestion at the same time."<SUP id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-68">[68]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Carbonic_acid" title="Carbonic acid">Carbonic acid</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Soda_bread" title="Soda bread">Soda bread</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_ineffective_cancer_treatments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ineffective cancer treatments">List of ineffective cancer treatments</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_minerals" title="List of minerals">List of minerals</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nahcolite" title="Nahcolite">Nahcolite</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Natron" title="Natron">Natron</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Natrona_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Natrona (disambiguation)">Natrona (disambiguation)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Trona" title="Trona">Trona</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Washing_soda" class="mw-redirect" title="Washing soda">Washing soda</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-crc84.4-85-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-crc84.4-85_1-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">"Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds". <I>CRC Handbook</I>, p. 4-85.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/density-materials-d_1652.html">"Densities of some Common Materials"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">3 March</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Densities+of+some+Common+Materials&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineeringtoolbox.com%2Fdensity-materials-d_1652.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
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<LI id="cite_note-UNEP-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-UNEP_4-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-UNEP_4-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/oecdsids/Sodium%20bicarbonate.pdf">"Sodium Bicarbonate"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. UNEP Publications.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sodium+Bicarbonate&rft.pub=UNEP+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.unep.ch%2Firptc%2Fsids%2Foecdsids%2FSodium%2520bicarbonate.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Ellingboe, J. L.; Runnels, J. H. (1966). "Solubilities of Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Bicarbonate in Acetone-Water and Methanol-Water Mixtures". <I>J. Chem. Eng. Data</I>. <B>11</B> (3): 323–324. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1021%2Fje60030a009">10.1021/je60030a009</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Chem.+Eng.+Data&rft.atitle=Solubilities+of+Sodium+Carbonate+and+Sodium+Bicarbonate+in+Acetone-Water+and+Methanol-Water+Mixtures&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=323-324&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fje60030a009&rft.aulast=Ellingboe&rft.aufirst=J.+L.&rft.au=Runnels%2C+J.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-crc84.7-13-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-crc84.7-13_6-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-crc84.7-13_6-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Goldberg, Robert N.; Kishore, Nand; Lennen, Rebecca M. "Thermodynamic quantities for the ionization reactions of buffers in water". <I>CRC Handbook</I>. pp. 7–13.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thermodynamic+quantities+for+the+ionization+reactions+of+buffers+in+water&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook&rft.pages=7-13&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Robert+N.&rft.au=Kishore%2C+Nand&rft.au=Lennen%2C+Rebecca+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Pasquali, Irene; Bettini, R.; Giordano, F. (2007). "Thermal behaviour of diclofenac, diclofenac sodium and sodium bicarbonate compositions". <I>Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry</I>. <B>90</B> (3): 903. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10973-006-8182-1">10.1007/s10973-006-8182-1</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Thermal+Analysis+and+Calorimetry&rft.atitle=Thermal+behaviour+of+diclofenac%2C+diclofenac+sodium+and+sodium+bicarbonate+compositions&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=903&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10973-006-8182-1&rft.aulast=Pasquali&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft.au=Bettini%2C+R.&rft.au=Giordano%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-8"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Chambers, Michael. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/144-55-8">"ChemIDplus - 144-55-8 - UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M - Sodium bicarbonate [USP:JAN] - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information"</A>. chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ChemIDplus+-+144-55-8+-+UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M+-+Sodium+bicarbonate+%5BUSP%3AJAN%5D+-+Similar+structures+search%2C+synonyms%2C+formulas%2C+resource+links%2C+and+other+chemical+information&rft.pub=chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov&rft.au=Chambers%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchem.sis.nlm.nih.gov%2Fchemidplus%2Frn%2F144-55-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uaf.edu/files/ces/publications-db/catalog/hec/FNH-00061.pdf">"Sourdough, Julie Cascio, University of Alaska Fairbanks Cooperative Extension Service, 2 May 2017, pub. FNH-00061"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sourdough%2C+Julie+Cascio%2C+University+of+Alaska+Fairbanks+Cooperative+Extension+Service%2C+2+May+2017%2C+pub.+FNH-00061&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uaf.edu%2Ffiles%2Fces%2Fpublications-db%2Fcatalog%2Fhec%2FFNH-00061.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://joythebaker.com/2013/10/baking-101-the-difference-between-baking-soda-and-baking-powder">"Baking 101: The Difference Between Baking Soda and Baking Powder"</A>. <I>Joy the Baker</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">4 August</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Joy+the+Baker&rft.atitle=Baking+101%3A+The+Difference+Between+Baking+Soda+and+Baking+Powder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjoythebaker.com%2F2013%2F10%2Fbaking-101-the-difference-between-baking-soda-and-baking-powder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-11"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foodreference.about.com/od/Ingredients_Basics/a/What-Is-Baking-Soda.htm">"The Many Practical Uses of Baking Soda in the Kitchen"</A>. <I>About.com Food</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-01-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=About.com+Food&rft.atitle=The+Many+Practical+Uses+of+Baking+Soda+in+the+Kitchen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffoodreference.about.com%2Fod%2FIngredients_Basics%2Fa%2FWhat-Is-Baking-Soda.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Srilakshmi2003-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Srilakshmi2003_12-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">B Srilakshmi (2003). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_pRVkS6nUPEC&pg=PA188"><I>Food Science</I></A>. New Age International. p. 188. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-224-1481-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-224-1481-3">978-81-224-1481-3</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Science&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=New+Age+International&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-224-1481-3&rft.au=B+Srilakshmi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_pRVkS6nUPEC%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-13"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Sejal Sukhadwala. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/bicarbonate_of_soda">"Bicarbonate of soda recipes"</A>. <I>BBC Food</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">20 July</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Food&rft.atitle=Bicarbonate+of+soda+recipes&rft.au=Sejal+Sukhadwala&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Ffood%2Fbicarbonate_of_soda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-14"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Czernohorsky, Hooker. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nzic.org.nz/ChemProcesses/food/6D.pdf">"THE CHEMISTRY OF BAKING"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-01-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+CHEMISTRY+OF+BAKING&rft.au=Czernohorsky%2C+Hooker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnzic.org.nz%2FChemProcesses%2Ffood%2F6D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-15"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finecooking.com/item/12173/baking-soda-and-baking-powder">"Baking Soda and Baking Powder"</A>. <I>FineCooking.com</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-01-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FineCooking.com&rft.atitle=Baking+Soda+and+Baking+Powder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.finecooking.com%2Fitem%2F12173%2Fbaking-soda-and-baking-powder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-16"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armandhammer.com/FAQ/BakingSoda.aspx">"Baking Soda FAQs"</A>. <I>Arm & Hammer Multi-Brand</I>. Church & Dwight Company. "What is the difference baking soda and baking powder?"<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">20 July</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arm+%26+Hammer+Multi-Brand&rft.atitle=Baking+Soda+FAQs&rft.pages=%22What+is+the+difference+baking+soda+and+baking+powder%3F%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armandhammer.com%2FFAQ%2FBakingSoda.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooking.com/recipes-and-more/glossary.aspx?GlossName=Baking+powder">"Glossary Ingredients"</A>. Cooking.com.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+Ingredients&rft.pub=Cooking.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooking.com%2Frecipes-and-more%2Fglossary.aspx%3FGlossName%3DBaking%2Bpowder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homeremediesandtips.whw1.com/home/pests/6-top-home-remedies-to-kill-and-control-cockroaches">"Best Home Remedies To Kill And Control Cockroaches"</A>. HRT.whw1.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-06-20</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Best+Home+Remedies+To+Kill+And+Control+Cockroaches&rft.pub=HRT.whw1.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomeremediesandtips.whw1.com%2Fhome%2Fpests%2F6-top-home-remedies-to-kill-and-control-cockroaches&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-19"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/factsheet_073508.htm">Potassium bicarbonate (073508) and Sodium bicarbonate (073505) Fact Sheet</A>. <I>United States Environmental Protection Agency</I>. Updated 17 February 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-20"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ppdc/2002/regist-biopes.htm">Registered Biopesticides 04/29/02</A> <I>United States Environmental Protection Agency</I>. Updated 29 March 2002. Retrieved 25 November 2011.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-21"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armandhammer.com/pdf/apoolownersguide.pdf">"A pool owners guide by Arm & Hammer Baking soda"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. Armandhammer.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">30 July</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+pool+owners+guide+by+Arm+%26+Hammer+Baking+soda&rft.pub=Armandhammer.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armandhammer.com%2Fpdf%2Fapoolownersguide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Malik-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Malik_22-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Malik, Y; Goyal, S (May 2006). "Virucidal efficacy of sodium bicarbonate on a food contact surface against feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate". <I>International Journal of Food Microbiology</I>. <B>109</B> (1–2): 160–3. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijfoodmicro.2005.08.033">10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.08.033</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16540196">16540196</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Virucidal+efficacy+of+sodium+bicarbonate+on+a+food+contact+surface+against+feline+calicivirus%2C+a+norovirus+surrogate&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=160-3&rft.date=2006-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijfoodmicro.2005.08.033&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16540196&rft.au=Malik%2C+Y&rft.au=Goyal%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-23"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-23"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Rutala, W. A.; Barbee, S. L.; Aguiar, N. C.; Sobsey, M. D.; Weber, D. J. (2000). "Antimicrobial Activity of Home Disinfectants and Natural Products Against Potential Human Pathogens". <I>Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology</I>. The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. <B>21</B> (1): 33–38. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1086%2F501694">10.1086/501694</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10656352">10656352</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+Control+and+Hospital+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+Activity+of+Home+Disinfectants+and+Natural+Products+Against+Potential+Human+Pathogens&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=33-38&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F501694&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10656352&rft.aulast=Rutala&rft.aufirst=W.+A.&rft.au=Barbee%2C+S.+L.&rft.au=Aguiar%2C+N.+C.&rft.au=Sobsey%2C+M.+D.&rft.au=Weber%2C+D.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Zamani-24"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Zamani_24-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Zamani, M; Sharifi, Tehrani, A; Ali, Abadi, Aa (2007). "Evaluation of antifungal activity of carbonate and bicarbonate salts alone or in combination with biocontrol agents in control of citrus green mold". <I>Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences</I>. <B>72</B> (4): 773–7. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18396809">18396809</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+agricultural+and+applied+biological+sciences&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+antifungal+activity+of+carbonate+and+bicarbonate+salts+alone+or+in+combination+with+biocontrol+agents+in+control+of+citrus+green+mold&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=773-7&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18396809&rft.au=Zamani%2C+M&rft.au=Sharifi%2C+Tehrani%2C+A&rft.au=Ali%2C+Abadi%2C+Aa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list">link</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-25"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-25"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Altman, Gail (2006-05-22). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookthink.com/0069/69alt.htm">"Book Repair for BookThinkers: How To Remove Odors From Books"</A>. <I>The BookThinker</I> (69).</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+BookThinker&rft.atitle=Book+Repair+for+BookThinkers%3A+How+To+Remove+Odors+From+Books&rft.issue=69&rft.date=2006-05-22&rft.au=Altman%2C+Gail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bookthink.com%2F0069%2F69alt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-arm-26"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-arm_26-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-arm_26-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-arm_26-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090831133032/http://www.armhammer.com/basics/magic">"Arm & Hammer Baking Soda – Basics – The Magic of Arm & Hammer Baking Soda"</A>. <I>armandhammer.com</I>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armhammer.com/basics/magic">the original</A> on 31 August 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">30 July</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=armandhammer.com&rft.atitle=Arm+%26+Hammer+Baking+Soda+%E2%80%93+Basics+%E2%80%93+The+Magic+of+Arm+%26+Hammer+Baking+Soda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armhammer.com%2Fbasics%2Fmagic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-27"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-27"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gicare.com/medication/sodium-bicarbonate/">"Sodium Bicarbonate"</A>. Jackson Siegelbaum Gastroenterology. 1998.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sodium+Bicarbonate&rft.pub=Jackson+Siegelbaum+Gastroenterology&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgicare.com%2Fmedication%2Fsodium-bicarbonate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-28"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-28"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcmed.nsf/pages/pucsodbi/$File/pucsodbi.pdf">"Sodium Bicarbonate Intravenous Infusion"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <I>Consumer Medicine Information</I>. Better Health Channel. 2004-07-13.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Consumer+Medicine+Information&rft.atitle=Sodium+Bicarbonate+Intravenous+Infusion&rft.date=2004-07-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.betterhealth.vic.gov.au%2Fbhcv2%2Fbhcmed.nsf%2Fpages%2Fpucsodbi%2F%24File%2Fpucsodbi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-29"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-29"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/301574-treatment">"Respiratory Acidosis: Treatment & Medication"</A>. emedicine.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Respiratory+Acidosis%3A+Treatment+%26+Medication&rft.pub=emedicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femedicine.medscape.com%2Farticle%2F301574-treatment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-30"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-30"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Dart, Richard C. (2004). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BfdighlyGiwC&pg=PA910"><I>Medical Toxicology</I></A>. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 910–. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-2845-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-2845-4">978-0-7817-2845-4</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medical+Toxicology&rft.pages=910-&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7817-2845-4&rft.au=Dart%2C+Richard+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBfdighlyGiwC%26pg%3DPA910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-31"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-31"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nz4J9oSJT4IC&pg=PA46"><I>Cloth Diapers</I></A>. Donald C. Cooper Ph.D. pp. 46–.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cloth+Diapers&rft.pages=46-&rft.pub=Donald+C.+Cooper+Ph.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNz4J9oSJT4IC%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-pmid9142034-32"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-pmid9142034_32-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dated" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Dated"><SPAN title="This assertion may no longer be correct — please check and update as needed. (March 2014)">old info</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP><CITE class="citation journal">Knudsen, K; Abrahamsson, J (Apr 1997). "Epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate independently and additively increase survival in experimental amitriptyline poisoning". <I>Critical Care Medicine</I>. <B>25</B> (4): 669–74. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1097%2F00003246-199704000-00019">10.1097/00003246-199704000-00019</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9142034">9142034</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Epinephrine+and+sodium+bicarbonate+independently+and+additively+increase+survival+in+experimental+amitriptyline+poisoning&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=669-74&rft.date=1997-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00003246-199704000-00019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9142034&rft.au=Knudsen%2C+K&rft.au=Abrahamsson%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-33"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-33"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-insect-bites/fa00046">"Insect bites and stings: First aid"</A>. Mayo Clinic. 2008-01-15.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Insect+bites+and+stings%3A+First+aid&rft.pub=Mayo+Clinic&rft.date=2008-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.com%2Fhealth%2Ffirst-aid-insect-bites%2Ffa00046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-34"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-34"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Kotchen, Theodore A. (2005-05-01). "Contributions of Sodium and Chloride to NaCl-Induced Hypertension". <I>Hypertension</I>. <B>45</B> (5): 849–850. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1161%2F01.HYP.0000164629.94634.27">10.1161/01.HYP.0000164629.94634.27</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15837830">15837830</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hypertension&rft.atitle=Contributions+of+Sodium+and+Chloride+to+NaCl-Induced+Hypertension&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=849-850&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2F01.HYP.0000164629.94634.27&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15837830&rft.aulast=Kotchen&rft.aufirst=Theodore+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-35"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-35"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><SPAN title="Material near this tag may rely on an unreliable or less reliable medical source. (March 2014)">unreliable medical source?</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtuowl.com/bicarb-lab/WhatisSodiumBicarbonateUsedFor.html">What is Sodium Bicarbonate Used For?</A>. Virtuowl.com. Retrieved on 2010-09-24.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-36"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-36"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikihow.com/Remove-a-Splinter-with-Baking-Soda">"How to Remove a Splinter with Baking Soda"</A>. <I>wikiHow</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">4 August</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wikiHow&rft.atitle=How+to+Remove+a+Splinter+with+Baking+Soda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikihow.com%2FRemove-a-Splinter-with-Baking-Soda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-37"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-37"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130219044718/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/sodium-bicarbonate">"Sodium Bicarbonate"</A>. <A href="/wiki/American_Cancer_Society" title="American Cancer Society">American Cancer Society</A>. 28 November 2008. Archived from the original on February 19, 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">19 February</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sodium+Bicarbonate&rft.pub=American+Cancer+Society&rft.date=2008-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.org%2Ftreatment%2Ftreatmentsandsideeffects%2Fcomplementaryandalternativemedicine%2Fherbsvitaminsandminerals%2Fsodium-bicarbonate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Unfit url (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Unfit_url" title="Category:CS1 maint: Unfit url">link</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-38"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-38"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Edgcombe, Hilary and Hocking, Graham (2005). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frca.co.uk/article.aspx?articleid=100505">"Anaesthesia UK : Local Anaesthetic Pharmacology"</A>. John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anaesthesia+UK+%3A+Local+Anaesthetic+Pharmacology&rft.pub=John+Radcliffe+Hospital%2C+Oxford%2C+UK&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Edgcombe%2C+Hilary+and+Hocking%2C+Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frca.co.uk%2Farticle.aspx%3Farticleid%3D100505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list">link</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-39"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-39"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Douglas Fox (15 December 2001). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg17223214-900-hard-cheese/">"Hard cheese"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">20 July</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Hard+cheese&rft.date=2001-12-15&rft.au=Douglas+Fox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg17223214-900-hard-cheese%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-40"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-40"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/wp.htm">"White Phosphorus"</A>. GlobalSecurity.org<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-09-26</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+Phosphorus&rft.pub=GlobalSecurity.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fsystems%2Fmunitions%2Fwp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-41"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-41"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">David Ferguson (2011-09-28). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2011/10/29/maalox-and-water-solution-used-as-anti-tear-gas-remedy-by-protesters/">"<SPAN style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</SPAN>Maalox'-and-water solution used as anti-tear gas remedy by protesters"</A>. Raw Story.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E2%80%98Maalox%E2%80%99-and-water+solution+used+as+anti-tear+gas+remedy+by+protesters&rft.pub=Raw+Story&rft.date=2011-09-28&rft.au=David+Ferguson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rawstory.com%2Frs%2F2011%2F10%2F29%2Fmaalox-and-water-solution-used-as-anti-tear-gas-remedy-by-protesters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-42"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-42"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018221605/http://www.starhawk.org/activism/trainer-resources/teargas.html">"Medical information from Prague 2000"</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.starhawk.org/activism/trainer-resources/teargas.html">the original</A> on 2014-10-18.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medical+information+from+Prague+2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.starhawk.org%2Factivism%2Ftrainer-resources%2Fteargas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Kleber_1998_72–5-43"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Kleber_1998_72–5_43-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Kleber_1998_72–5_43-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Kleber, CJ; Moore, MH; Nelson, BJ (1998). "Laboratory assessment of tooth whitening by sodium bicarbonate dentifrices". <I>The Journal of clinical dentistry</I>. <B>9</B> (3): 72–5. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10518866">10518866</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+clinical+dentistry&rft.atitle=Laboratory+assessment+of+tooth+whitening+by+sodium+bicarbonate+dentifrices.&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=72-5&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10518866&rft.aulast=Kleber&rft.aufirst=CJ&rft.au=Moore%2C+MH&rft.au=Nelson%2C+BJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-44"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-44"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Koertge, TE; Brooks, CN; Sarbin, AG; Powers, D; Gunsolley, JC (1998). "A longitudinal comparison of tooth whitening resulting from dentifrice use". <I>The Journal of clinical dentistry</I>. <B>9</B> (3): 67–71. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10518865">10518865</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+clinical+dentistry&rft.atitle=A+longitudinal+comparison+of+tooth+whitening+resulting+from+dentifrice+use.&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=67-71&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10518865&rft.aulast=Koertge&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.au=Brooks%2C+CN&rft.au=Sarbin%2C+AG&rft.au=Powers%2C+D&rft.au=Gunsolley%2C+JC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-45"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-45"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Yankell, SL; Emling, RC; Petrone, ME; Rustogi, K; Volpe, AR; DeVizio, W; Chaknis, P; Proskin, HM (1999). "A six-week clinical efficacy study of four commercially available dentifrices for the removal of extrinsic tooth stain". <I>The Journal of clinical dentistry</I>. <B>10</B> (3 Spec No): 115–8. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10825858">10825858</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+clinical+dentistry&rft.atitle=A+six-week+clinical+efficacy+study+of+four+commercially+available+dentifrices+for+the+removal+of+extrinsic+tooth+stain.&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3+Spec+No&rft.pages=115-8&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10825858&rft.aulast=Yankell&rft.aufirst=SL&rft.au=Emling%2C+RC&rft.au=Petrone%2C+ME&rft.au=Rustogi%2C+K&rft.au=Volpe%2C+AR&rft.au=DeVizio%2C+W&rft.au=Chaknis%2C+P&rft.au=Proskin%2C+HM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-46"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-46"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Mankodi, S; Berkowitz, H; Durbin, K; Nelson, B (1998). "Evaluation of the effects of brushing on the removal of dental plaque". <I>The Journal of clinical dentistry</I>. <B>9</B> (3): 57–60. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10518862">10518862</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+clinical+dentistry&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+effects+of+brushing+on+the+removal+of+dental+plaque.&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=57-60&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10518862&rft.aulast=Mankodi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Berkowitz%2C+H&rft.au=Durbin%2C+K&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-47"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-47"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Putt, MS; Milleman, KR; Ghassemi, A; Vorwerk, LM; Hooper, WJ; Soparkar, PM; Winston, AE; Proskin, HM (2008). "Enhancement of plaque removal efficacy by tooth brushing with baking soda dentifrices: results of five clinical studies". <I>The Journal of clinical dentistry</I>. <B>19</B> (4): 111–9. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19278079">19278079</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+clinical+dentistry&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+plaque+removal+efficacy+by+tooth+brushing+with+baking+soda+dentifrices%3A+results+of+five+clinical+studies.&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=111-9&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19278079&rft.aulast=Putt&rft.aufirst=MS&rft.au=Milleman%2C+KR&rft.au=Ghassemi%2C+A&rft.au=Vorwerk%2C+LM&rft.au=Hooper%2C+WJ&rft.au=Soparkar%2C+PM&rft.au=Winston%2C+AE&rft.au=Proskin%2C+HM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-48"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-48"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Storehagen, Silje; Ose, Nanna and Midha, Shilpi. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/33076/Storehagen_Ose_Midha.pdf?sequence=1">"Dentifrices and mouthwashes ingredients and their use"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <I>Institutt for klinisk odontologi</I>. Universitetet i Oslo.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institutt+for+klinisk+odontologi&rft.atitle=Dentifrices+and+mouthwashes+ingredients+and+their+use&rft.au=Storehagen%2C+Silje%3B+Ose%2C+Nanna+and+Midha%2C+Shilpi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duo.uio.no%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10852%2F33076%2FStorehagen_Ose_Midha.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list">link</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-49"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-49"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Lamb, John Henderson (31 May 1946). "Sodium Bicarbonate: An Excellent Deodorant". <I>The Journal of Investigative Dermatology</I>. <B>7</B> (3): 131–133. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1038%2Fjid.1946.13">10.1038/jid.1946.13</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Investigative+Dermatology&rft.atitle=Sodium+Bicarbonate%3A+An+Excellent+Deodorant&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=131-133&rft.date=1946-05-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fjid.1946.13&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=John+Henderson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-50"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-50"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sustainableecho.com/bicarb-soda-natural-body-deodorant/">"Bicarb soda: natural body deodorant"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 May</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bicarb+soda%3A+natural+body+deodorant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsustainableecho.com%2Fbicarb-soda-natural-body-deodorant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-51"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-51"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Ralph B. Metson, M.D., <I>The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healing Your Sinues</I> (McGraw Hill 2005), at p. 68.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-52"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-52"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patient.info/health/blepharitis-leaflet">"Blepharitis. Treatment and Causes. Eye lid inflammation | Patient"</A>. <I>Patient</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2016-05-31</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Patient&rft.atitle=Blepharitis.+Treatment+and+Causes.+Eye+lid+inflammation+%7C+Patient&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpatient.info%2Fhealth%2Fblepharitis-leaflet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-53"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-53"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stockyard.com/news/2008/11/veterinary/04_wynnstay_acidosis.html">"Acidosis Health Warning for Livestock Farmers"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 May</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acidosis+Health+Warning+for+Livestock+Farmers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stockyard.com%2Fnews%2F2008%2F11%2Fveterinary%2F04_wynnstay_acidosis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-54"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-54"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Bee, Peta (2008-08-16). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/body_and_soul/article4539000.ece">"Is bicarbonate of soda a performance enhancing drug"</A>. <I>The Times</I>. London<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2010-05-23</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Is+bicarbonate+of+soda+a+performance+enhancing+drug&rft.date=2008-08-16&rft.aulast=Bee&rft.aufirst=Peta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwomen.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Flife_and_style%2Fwomen%2Fbody_and_soul%2Farticle4539000.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Ergogenic_Aids-55"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Ergogenic_Aids_55-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Ergogenic_Aids_55-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brianmac.co.uk/articles/scni9a5.htm">Ergogenic Aids</A>. U. Retrieved on 2011-09-11.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-56"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-56"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/002749all.htm">Baking soda overdose – All Information</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091202053719/http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/002749all.htm">Archived</A> 2009-12-02 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>.. Umm.edu (2009-10-19). Retrieved on 2010-09-24.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-InorgChem-57"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-InorgChem_57-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Housecroft, Catherine E.; Sharpe, Alan G. (2008). "Chapter 22: <I>d</I>-block metal chemistry: the first row elements". <I>Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Edition</I>. Pearson. p. 716. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-175553-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-175553-6">978-0-13-175553-6</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+22%3A+d-block+metal+chemistry%3A+the+first+row+elements&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry%2C+3rd+Edition&rft.pages=716&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-13-175553-6&rft.au=Housecroft%2C+Catherine+E.&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+Alan+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-58"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-58"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927263">"Science Lab.com"</A>. <I>MSDS- Sodium carbonate</I>. sciencelab.com.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSDS-+Sodium+carbonate&rft.atitle=Science+Lab.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencelab.com%2Fmsds.php%3FmsdsId%3D9927263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-PhilMus-59"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-PhilMus_59-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-PhilMus_59-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Art, Philadelphia Museum of. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philamuseum.org/booklets/7_44_85_1.html?page=2">"Finishing Techniques in Metalwork"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finishing+Techniques+in+Metalwork&rft.aulast=Art&rft.aufirst=Philadelphia+Museum+of&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philamuseum.org%2Fbooklets%2F7_44_85_1.html%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-60"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-60"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/homeexpts/TARNISH.html">"Put a Shine on It"</A>. scifun.chem.wisc.edu<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-03-06</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Put+a+Shine+on+It&rft.pub=scifun.chem.wisc.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscifun.chem.wisc.edu%2Fhomeexpts%2FTARNISH.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-61"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-61"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Raymond, Jessica (June 10, 2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cravedujour.com/kitchen-odor-eliminating-candles-products-tricks/#xxTICWbUEW5oLJeh.99">"Kitchen Odor Eliminating Candles, Products, and Tricks"</A>. <I>cravedujour.com</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=cravedujour.com&rft.atitle=Kitchen+Odor+Eliminating+Candles%2C+Products%2C+and+Tricks&rft.date=2016-06-10&rft.au=Raymond%2C+Jessica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcravedujour.com%2Fkitchen-odor-eliminating-candles-products-tricks%2F%23xxTICWbUEW5oLJeh.99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Orcutt-62"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Orcutt_62-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Orcutt, JA. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myweb.brooklyn.liu.edu/lawrence/duproject/duhealth.htm">"Depleted Uranium and Health: Facts and Helpful Suggestions"</A>. <I>Pharmacology and Toxicology of Uranium Compounds</I>. McGraw-Hill<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">21 March</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology+and+Toxicology+of+Uranium+Compounds&rft.atitle=Depleted+Uranium+and+Health%3A+Facts+and+Helpful+Suggestions&rft.aulast=Orcutt&rft.aufirst=JA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmyweb.brooklyn.liu.edu%2Flawrence%2Fduproject%2Fduhealth.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-frostburg-63"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-frostburg_63-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-frostburg_63-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/carbonate-decomposition.shtml">"Decomposition of Carbonates"</A>. General Chemistry Online.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decomposition+of+Carbonates&rft.pub=General+Chemistry+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantoine.frostburg.edu%2Fchem%2Fsenese%2F101%2Finorganic%2Ffaq%2Fcarbonate-decomposition.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-64"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-64"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016003546/http://www.churchdwight.com/Company/corp_history.asp">"Company History"</A>. Church & Dwight Co. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchdwight.com/Company/corp_history.asp">the original</A> on 16 October 2011.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Company+History&rft.pub=Church+%26+Dwight+Co.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchdwight.com%2FCompany%2Fcorp_history.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-65"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-65"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Kipling, Rudyard. <I>Captains Courageous</I>. p. 25.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Captains+Courageous&rft.pages=25&rft.au=Kipling%2C+Rudyard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-66"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-66"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-352651-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-12-352651-5">0-12-352651-5</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-67"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-67"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0023969/trivia?tab=qt">"Duck Soup (1933)"</A>. <I>IMDb</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">4 August</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Duck+Soup+%281933%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0023969%2Ftrivia%3Ftab%3Dqt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-68"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-68"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0026778/trivia?tab=qt&ref_=tt_trv_qu">"A Night at the Opera (1935)"</A>. <I>IMDb</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">4 August</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=A+Night+at+the+Opera+%281935%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0026778%2Ftrivia%3Ftab%3Dqt%26ref_%3Dtt_trv_qu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
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<DIV id="Sodium_compounds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</A> compounds</DIV>
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<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_aluminate" title="Sodium aluminate">NaAlO<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_borohydride" title="Sodium borohydride">NaBH<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_cyanoborohydride" title="Sodium cyanoborohydride">NaBH<SUB>3</SUB>(CN)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_metaborate" title="Sodium metaborate">NaBO<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_bismuthate" title="Sodium bismuthate">NaBiO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_bromide" title="Sodium bromide">NaBr</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_hypobromite" title="Sodium hypobromite">NaBrO</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_bromate" title="Sodium bromate">NaBrO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_acetate" title="Sodium acetate">NaCH<SUB>3</SUB>COO</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_benzoate" title="Sodium benzoate">NaC<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_salicylate" title="Sodium salicylate">NaC<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>(OH)CO<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_cyanide" title="Sodium cyanide">NaCN</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">NaCl</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_hypochlorite" title="Sodium hypochlorite">NaClO</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_chlorite" title="Sodium chlorite">NaClO<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_chlorate" title="Sodium chlorate">NaClO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_perchlorate" title="Sodium perchlorate">NaClO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_fluoride" title="Sodium fluoride">NaF</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_ferrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium ferrate (page does not exist)">Na<SUB>2</SUB>FeO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_hydride" title="Sodium hydride">NaH</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Monosodium_phosphate" title="Monosodium phosphate">NaH<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_bisulfite" title="Sodium bisulfite">NaHSO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_bisulfate" title="Sodium bisulfate">NaHSO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_iodide" title="Sodium iodide">NaI</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_iodate" title="Sodium iodate">NaIO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_periodate" title="Sodium periodate">NaIO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_orthoperiodate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium orthoperiodate (page does not exist)">Na<SUB>5</SUB>IO<SUB>6</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_permanganate" title="Sodium permanganate">NaMnO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_azide" title="Sodium azide">NaN<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_amide" title="Sodium amide">NaNH<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrite" title="Sodium nitrite">NaNO<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrate" title="Sodium nitrate">NaNO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_cyanate" title="Sodium cyanate">NaOCN</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_superoxide" title="Sodium superoxide">NaO<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_ozonide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium ozonide (page does not exist)">NaO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">NaOH</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_hypophosphite" title="Sodium hypophosphite">NaPO<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_perrhenate" title="Sodium perrhenate">NaReO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_thiocyanate" title="Sodium thiocyanate">NaSCN</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_hydrosulfide" title="Sodium hydrosulfide">NaSH</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_pertechnetate" title="Sodium pertechnetate">NaTcO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_metavanadate" title="Sodium metavanadate">NaVO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_oxalate" title="Sodium oxalate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_chromate" title="Sodium chromate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>CrO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_dichromate" title="Sodium dichromate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>Cr<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_germanate" title="Sodium germanate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>GeO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_manganate" title="Sodium manganate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>MnO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_hypomanganite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium hypomanganite (page does not exist)">Na<SUB>3</SUB>MnO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_molybdate" title="Sodium molybdate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>MoO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_thiomolybdate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium thiomolybdate (page does not exist)">Na<SUB>2</SUB>MoS<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_hyponitrite" title="Sodium hyponitrite">Na<SUB>2</SUB>N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_oxide" title="Sodium oxide">Na<SUB>2</SUB>O</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_peroxide" title="Sodium peroxide">Na<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_uranate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium uranate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>O(UO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_fluorophosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium fluorophosphate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>3</SUB>F</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfide" title="Sodium sulfide">Na<SUB>2</SUB>S</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfite" title="Sodium sulfite">Na<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfate" title="Sodium sulfate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_thiosulfate" title="Sodium thiosulfate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_dithionite" title="Sodium dithionite">Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_metabisulfite" title="Sodium metabisulfite">Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_dithionate" title="Sodium dithionate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>6</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_pyrosulfate" title="Sodium pyrosulfate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_persulfate" title="Sodium persulfate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_tetrathionate" title="Sodium tetrathionate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>6</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_selenide" title="Sodium selenide">Na<SUB>2</SUB>Se</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_selenite" title="Sodium selenite">Na<SUB>2</SUB>SeO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_selenate" title="Sodium selenate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>SeO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_silicate" title="Sodium silicate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_metadisilicate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium metadisilicate (page does not exist)">Na<SUB>2</SUB>Si<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_orthosilicate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium orthosilicate (page does not exist)">Na<SUB>4</SUB>SiO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_telluride" title="Sodium telluride">Na<SUB>2</SUB>Te</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_tellurite" title="Sodium tellurite">Na<SUB>2</SUB>TeO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_metatellurate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium metatellurate (page does not exist)">Na<SUB>2</SUB>TeO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_polonide" title="Sodium polonide">Na<SUB>2</SUB>Po</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_metatitanate" title="Sodium metatitanate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_diuranate" title="Sodium diuranate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>U<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_tungstate" title="Sodium tungstate">NaWO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_zincate" title="Sodium zincate">Na<SUB>2</SUB>Zn(OH)<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_nitride" title="Sodium nitride">Na<SUB>3</SUB>N</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_phosphide" title="Sodium phosphide">Na<SUB>3</SUB>P</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Trisodium_phosphate" title="Trisodium phosphate">Na<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_orthovanadate" title="Sodium orthovanadate">Na<SUB>3</SUB>VO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_ferrocyanide" title="Sodium ferrocyanide">Na<SUB>4</SUB>Fe(CN)<SUB>6</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tetrasodium_pyrophosphate" title="Tetrasodium pyrophosphate">Na<SUB>4</SUB>P<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_triphosphate" title="Sodium triphosphate">Na<SUB>5</SUB>P<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>10</SUB></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">
<DIV><B><A href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formulas</A></B></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</DIV>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hydrogen_compounds" style="padding:3px">
<TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit" id="collapsibleTable1">
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<DIV class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">
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<LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Hydrogen_compounds" title="Template:Hydrogen compounds"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hydrogen_compounds" title="Template talk:Hydrogen compounds"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</ABBR></A></LI>
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<DIV id="Hydrogen_compounds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</A> <A href="/wiki/Category:Hydrogen_compounds" title="Category:Hydrogen compounds">compounds</A></DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Arsenous_acid" title="Arsenous acid">H<SUB>3</SUB>AsO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Arsenic_acid" title="Arsenic acid">H<SUB>3</SUB>AsO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hydrogen_astatide" title="Hydrogen astatide">HAt</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fluorosulfuric_acid" title="Fluorosulfuric acid">HSO<SUB>3</SUB>F</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fluoroboric_acid" title="Fluoroboric acid">HBF<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bromide" title="Hydrogen bromide">HBr</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hypobromous_acid" title="Hypobromous acid">HBrO</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bromous_acid" title="Bromous acid">HBrO<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bromic_acid" title="Bromic acid">HBrO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Perbromic_acid" title="Perbromic acid">HBrO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">HCl</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid" title="Hypochlorous acid">HClO</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chlorous_acid" title="Chlorous acid">HClO<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chloric_acid" title="Chloric acid">HClO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Perchloric_acid" title="Perchloric acid">HClO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">HCN</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fulminic_acid" title="Fulminic acid">HCNO</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chromic_acid" title="Chromic acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>CrO<SUB>4</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>Cr<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Carbonic_acid" title="Carbonic acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Thiocarbonic_acid" title="Thiocarbonic acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>CS<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">HF</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hypofluorous_acid" title="Hypofluorous acid">HFΟ</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hydrogen_iodide" title="Hydrogen iodide">HI</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hypoiodous_acid" title="Hypoiodous acid">HIO</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Iodous_acid" title="Iodous acid">HIO<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Iodic_acid" title="Iodic acid">HIO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Periodic_acid" title="Periodic acid">HIO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Permanganic_acid" title="Permanganic acid">HMnO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Molybdic_acid" title="Molybdic acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>MoO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hydrogen_isocyanide" title="Hydrogen isocyanide">HNC</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Isocyanic_acid" title="Isocyanic acid">HNCO</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">HNO</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nitrous_acid" title="Nitrous acid">HNO<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">HNO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hyponitrous_acid" title="Hyponitrous acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nitrosylsulfuric_acid" title="Nitrosylsulfuric acid">HNO<SUB>5</SUB>S</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sulfamic_acid" title="Sulfamic acid">H<SUB>3</SUB>NSO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Properties_of_water" title="Properties of water">H<SUB>2</SUB>O</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Trioxidane" title="Trioxidane">H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hypophosphorous_acid" title="Hypophosphorous acid">H<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Phosphorous_acid" title="Phosphorous acid">H<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Phosphoric_acid" title="Phosphoric acid">H<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pyrophosphoric_acid" title="Pyrophosphoric acid">H<SUB>4</SUB>P<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Triphosphoric_acid" title="Triphosphoric acid">H<SUB>5</SUB>P<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>10</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chloroplatinic_acid" title="Chloroplatinic acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>PtCl<SUB>6</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">H<SUB>2</SUB>S</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hydrogen_disulfide" title="Hydrogen disulfide">H<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hydrogen_selenide" title="Hydrogen selenide">H<SUB>2</SUB>Se</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Selenous_acid" title="Selenous acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>SeO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Selenic_acid" title="Selenic acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>SeO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Silicic_acid" title="Silicic acid">H<SUB>4</SUB>SiO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hexafluorosilicic_acid" title="Hexafluorosilicic acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>SiF<SUB>6</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Thiocyanic_acid" title="Thiocyanic acid">HSCN</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Thiocyanic_acid" title="Thiocyanic acid">HNSC</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sulfurous_acid" title="Sulfurous acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peroxymonosulfuric_acid" title="Peroxymonosulfuric acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>5</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Thiosulfuric_acid" title="Thiosulfuric acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dithionic_acid" title="Dithionic acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>6</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Disulfuric_acid" title="Disulfuric acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peroxydisulfuric_acid" title="Peroxydisulfuric acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Trifluoromethanesulfonic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid">CF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>H</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hydrogen_telluride" title="Hydrogen telluride">H<SUB>2</SUB>Te</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tellurous_acid" title="Tellurous acid">H<SUB>2</SUB>TeO<SUB>3</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Telluric_acid" title="Telluric acid">H<SUB>6</SUB>TeO<SUB>6</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Titanic_acid" title="Titanic acid">H<SUB>4</SUB>TiO<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Polonium_hydride" title="Polonium hydride">H<SUB>2</SUB>Po</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cobalt_tetracarbonyl_hydride" title="Cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride">HCo(CO)<SUB>4</SUB></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</DIV>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drugs_for_acid_related_disorders:_Antacids_(A02A)" style="padding:3px">
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<DIV id="Drugs_for_acid_related_disorders:_Antacids_(A02A)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Drugs for acid related disorders: <A href="/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid">Antacids</A> (<A href="/wiki/ATC_code_A02#A02A" title="ATC code A02">A02A</A>)</DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</A> (increases motility)</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate" title="Magnesium carbonate">Magnesium carbonate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Magnesium_oxide" title="Magnesium oxide">Magnesium oxide</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Magnesium_peroxide" title="Magnesium peroxide">Magnesium peroxide</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Magnesium_hydroxide" title="Magnesium hydroxide">Magnesium hydroxide</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">Magnesium silicate</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</A> (decreases motility)</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Aceglutamide_aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aceglutamide aluminum">Aceglutamide aluminum</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Aluminium_hydroxide" title="Aluminium hydroxide">Algeldrate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Aluminium_phosphate" title="Aluminium phosphate">Aluminium phosphate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Aluminium_acetoacetate" title="Aluminium acetoacetate">Aluminium acetoacetate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Aloglutamol" title="Aloglutamol">Aloglutamol</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Aluminium_glycinate" title="Aluminium glycinate">Aluminium glycinate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Carbaldrate" title="Carbaldrate">Carbaldrate</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
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<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">Calcium carbonate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Calcium_silicate" title="Calcium silicate">Calcium silicate</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Sodium bicarbonate</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combinations and complexes<BR />
of aluminium, calcium and magnesium</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Almagate" title="Almagate">Almagate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Almasilate" title="Almasilate">Almasilate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hydrotalcite" title="Hydrotalcite">Hydrotalcite</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Magaldrate" title="Magaldrate">Magaldrate</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</A>: <SPAN class="uid"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh94006042">sh94006042</A></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</A>: <SPAN class="uid"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4404786-1">4404786-1</A></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
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					<LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af"><A href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumbikarbonaat" title="Natriumbikarbonaat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><A href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="بيكربونات الصوديوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb"><A href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="بیکربونات سودیوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><A href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="সোডিয়াম বাইকার্বনেট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><A href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tho%C3%A0%E2%81%BF-sng_ch%C3%BAi-s%C3%B2%CD%98_natrium" title="Thoàⁿ-sng chúi-sò͘ natrium – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="zh-min-nan" hreflang="zh-min-nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><A href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Натриев бикарбонат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><A href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrij-hidrogenkarbonat" title="Natrij-hidrogenkarbonat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><A href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogencarbonat_de_sodi" title="Hidrogencarbonat de sodi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><A href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenuhli%C4%8Ditan_sodn%C3%BD" title="Hydrogenuhličitan sodný – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><A href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natron" title="Natron – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumhydrogencarbonat" title="Natriumhydrogencarbonat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><A href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naatriumvesinikkarbonaat" title="Naatriumvesinikkarbonaat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><A href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Όξινο ανθρακικό νάτριο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml"><A href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbon%C3%AA_%27d_sodi" title="Bicarbonê 'd sodi – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="eml" hreflang="eml" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonato_de_sodio" title="Bicarbonato de sodio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><A href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natria_bikarbonato" title="Natria bikarbonato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><A href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85" title="بی‌کربنات سدیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><A href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate_de_sodium" title="Bicarbonate de sodium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><A href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonato_de_sodio" title="Bicarbonato de sodio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu"><A href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%96%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE" title="ખાવાનો સોડા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><A href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%82%B0_%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C_%EB%82%98%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%A8" title="탄산 수소 나트륨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><A href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Նատրիումի հիդրոկարբոնատ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><A href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="सोडियम बाईकार्बोनेट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><A href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrijev_hidrogenkarbonat" title="Natrijev hidrogenkarbonat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><A href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrium_bikarbonat" title="Natrium bikarbonat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><A href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matars%C3%B3di" title="Matarsódi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonato_di_sodio" title="Bicarbonato di sodio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="סודה לשתייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn"><A href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%88_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸೋಡಿಯಂ ಬೈ ಕಾರ್ಬೋನೇಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><A href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Ас содасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw"><A href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magadi_(kemikali)" title="Magadi (kemikali) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><A href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81trija_hidrog%C4%93nkarbon%C4%81ts" title="Nātrija hidrogēnkarbonāts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><A href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrio_hidrokarbonatas" title="Natrio hidrokarbonatas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><A href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1trium-hidrog%C3%A9nkarbon%C3%A1t" title="Nátrium-hidrogénkarbonát – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><A href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="സോഡിയം ബൈകാർബണേറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumwaterstofcarbonaat" title="Natriumwaterstofcarbonaat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0%E3%83%8A%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="炭酸水素ナトリウム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr"><A href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumhydrogencarbonat" title="Natriumhydrogencarbonat – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natron" title="Natron – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc"><A href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogenocarbonat_de_s%C3%B2di" title="Idrogenocarbonat de sòdi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa"><A href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A0%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਿੱਠਾ ਸੋਡਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb"><A href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%B9%DA%BE%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%88%D8%A7" title="مٹھا سوڈا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wodorow%C4%99glan_sodu" title="Wodorowęglan sodu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonato_de_s%C3%B3dio" title="Bicarbonato de sódio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><A href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonat_de_sodiu" title="Bicarbonat de sodiu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гидрокарбонат натрия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><A href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si"><A href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A" title="සෝඩියම් බයිකාබනේට් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><A href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><A href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A9nuhli%C4%8Ditan_sodn%C3%BD" title="Hydrogénuhličitan sodný – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><A href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrijev_hidrogenkarbonat" title="Natrijev hidrogenkarbonat – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so"><A href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadiyom_bicarbonate" title="Saadiyom bicarbonate – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><A href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrijum_hidrogenkarbonat" title="Natrijum hidrogenkarbonat – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><A href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrijum_hidrogenkarbonat" title="Natrijum hidrogenkarbonat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumvetykarbonaatti" title="Natriumvetykarbonaatti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumv%C3%A4tekarbonat" title="Natriumvätekarbonat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><A href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="சோடியம் பைகார்பனேட்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><A href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="సోడియం బైకార్బొనేట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><A href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95" title="โซเดียมไบคาร์บอเนต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodyum_bikarbonat" title="Sodyum bikarbonat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8E" title="Гідрокарбонат натрію – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><A href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natri_bicacbonat" title="Natri bicacbonat – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><A href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><A href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%B3%E6%89%93%E7%B2%89" title="梳打粉 – Cantonese" lang="zh-yue" hreflang="zh-yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%A2%E9%92%A0" title="碳酸氢钠 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI>				</UL>
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document_title: Sodium bicarbonate

token: Sodium

token: bicarbonate

token: Wikipedia

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token: Names

token: IUPAC

token: name

token: hydrogen

token: carbonate

token: Other

token: names

token: Baking

token: soda

token: bicarb

token: laboratory

token: slang

token: of

token: nahcolite

token: Identifiers

token: CAS

token: Number

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token: <Li>

token: model

token: JSmol

token: Interactive

token: image

token: Beilstein

token: Reference

token: ChEBI

token: CHEBI

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token: српскохрватски

question_text: what is the chemical formula for sodium bicarbonate