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<TITLE>List of United States Presidential firsts - Wikipedia</TITLE>

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			<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">List of United States Presidential firsts</H1>
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<P>This list lists achievements and distinctions of various <A href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">Presidents of the United States</A>. It includes distinctions achieved in their earlier life and post-presidencies. Due to some confusion surrounding sovereignty of nations during presidential visits, only nations that were independent, sovereign, or recognized by the United States during the presidency are listed here as a precedent.</P>
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<DIV id="toc" class="toc">
<DIV class="toctitle">
<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#George_Washington_.281789-1797.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">George Washington (1789-1797)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#John_Adams_.281797-1801.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">John Adams (1797-1801)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><A href="#Thomas_Jefferson_.281801-1809.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><A href="#James_Madison_.281809-1817.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">James Madison (1809-1817)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#James_Monroe_.281817-1825.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">James Monroe (1817-1825)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><A href="#John_Quincy_Adams_.281825-1829.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><A href="#Andrew_Jackson_.281829-1837.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><A href="#Martin_Van_Buren_.281837-1841.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><A href="#William_Henry_Harrison_.281841.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">William Henry Harrison (1841)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><A href="#John_Tyler_.281841-1845.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">John Tyler (1841-1845)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><A href="#James_K._Polk_.281845-1849.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">James K. Polk (1845-1849)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><A href="#Zachary_Taylor_.281849-1850.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">12</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><A href="#Millard_Fillmore_.281850-1853.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">13</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><A href="#Franklin_Pierce_.281853-1857.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">14</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><A href="#James_Buchanan_.281857-1861.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">15</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">James Buchanan (1857-1861)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><A href="#Abraham_Lincoln_.281861-1865.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">16</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><A href="#Andrew_Johnson_.281865-1869.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">17</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><A href="#Ulysses_S._Grant_.281869-1877.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">18</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><A href="#Rutherford_B._Hayes_.281877-1881.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">19</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><A href="#James_A._Garfield_.281881.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">20</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">James A. Garfield (1881)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><A href="#Chester_A._Arthur_.281881-1885.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">21</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><A href="#Grover_Cleveland_.281885-1889.3B1893-1897.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">22</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Grover Cleveland (1885-1889;1893-1897)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><A href="#Benjamin_Harrison_.281889-1893.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">23</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><A href="#William_McKinley_.281897-1901.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">24</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">William McKinley (1897-1901)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><A href="#Theodore_Roosevelt_.281901-1909.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">25</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><A href="#William_Howard_Taft_.281909-1913.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">26</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">William Howard Taft (1909-1913)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><A href="#Woodrow_Wilson_.281913-1921.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">27</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><A href="#Warren_G._Harding_.281921-1923.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">28</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><A href="#Calvin_Coolidge_.281923-1929.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">29</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><A href="#Herbert_Hoover_.281929-1933.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">30</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><A href="#Franklin_D._Roosevelt_.281933-1945.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">31</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><A href="#Harry_S._Truman_.281945-1953.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">32</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><A href="#Dwight_D._Eisenhower_.281953-1961.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">33</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><A href="#John_F._Kennedy_.281961-1963.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">34</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><A href="#Lyndon_B._Johnson_.281963-1969.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">35</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><A href="#Richard_Nixon_.281969-1974.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">36</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Richard Nixon (1969-1974)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><A href="#Gerald_Ford_.281974-1977.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">37</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Gerald Ford (1974-1977)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><A href="#Jimmy_Carter_.281977-1981.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">38</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><A href="#Ronald_Reagan_.281981-1989.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">39</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><A href="#George_H._W._Bush_.281989-1993.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">40</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">George H. W. Bush (1989-1993)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><A href="#Bill_Clinton_.281993-2001.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">41</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Bill Clinton (1993-2001)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><A href="#George_W._Bush_.282001-2009.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">42</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">George W. Bush (2001-2009)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><A href="#Barack_Obama_.282009-2017.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">43</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Barack Obama (2009-2017)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><A href="#Donald_Trump_.282017-present.29"><SPAN class="tocnumber">44</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Donald Trump (2017-present)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">45</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">46</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><A href="#Sources"><SPAN class="tocnumber">47</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Sources</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">48</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P><BR /></P>
<H2><SPAN id="George_Washington_(1789-1797)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="George_Washington_.281789-1797.29"><A href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</A> (1789-1797)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: George Washington (1789-1797)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><A href="/wiki/File:1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_(Baker-48G)_(obv).jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29_%28obv%29.jpg/180px-1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29_%28obv%29.jpg" width="180" height="176" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29_%28obv%29.jpg/270px-1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29_%28obv%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29_%28obv%29.jpg/360px-1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29_%28obv%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2251" data-file-height="2204" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_(Baker-48G)_(obv).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
George Washington was awarded the <A href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</A> in 1776, 13 years before becoming President</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<UL>
<LI>First President of the United States.<SUP id="cite_ref-PresidentsDayFun_1-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PresidentsDayFun-1">[1]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to appear on a postage stamp.<SUP id="cite_ref-PresidentsDayFun_1-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PresidentsDayFun-1">[1]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be a <A href="/wiki/Freemason" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemason">Freemason</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to receive votes from every Presidential elector in an election (in both the <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1788%E2%80%9389" title="United States presidential election, 1788–89">1789</A> and <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1792" title="United States presidential election, 1792">1792 elections</A>; each elector voted for Washington and for another candidate).<SUP id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-3">[3]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to add "So help me God" to the Oath of Office.<SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) sitting President to command a standing field army (during the <A href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have been a <A href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant general</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have a <A href="/wiki/Mary_Ball_Washington" title="Mary Ball Washington">parent</A> live to see him be elected and become President (His mother Mary was still alive when he took office on April 30, 1789. She died four months later in August).</LI>
<LI>First President to be an <A href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopalian</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-adherents.Washington_6-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-adherents.Washington-6">[6]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President from <A href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Book_of_Political_Lists.2C_pg._5_7-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Book_of_Political_Lists.2C_pg._5-7">[7]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be awarded the <A href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have signed the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have a <A href="/wiki/USS_George_Washington_(SSBN-598)" title="USS George Washington (SSBN-598)">submarine</A> named after him.<SUP id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-8">[8]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="John_Adams_(1797-1801)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="John_Adams_.281797-1801.29"><A href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</A> (1797-1801)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: John Adams (1797-1801)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><A href="/wiki/File:White_House_1846.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/White_House_1846.jpg/180px-White_House_1846.jpg" width="180" height="138" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/White_House_1846.jpg/270px-White_House_1846.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/White_House_1846.jpg/360px-White_House_1846.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3591" data-file-height="2751" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:White_House_1846.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
John Adams was the first President to live in the White House</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<UL>
<LI>First President to live in the <A href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have previously served as <A href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-President of the United States">Vice-President</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have previously served as an Ambassador to a foreign country.<SUP id="cite_ref-PrezTriviaFortyNine_11-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PrezTriviaFortyNine-11">[11]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and only) President elected as a <A href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to be a lawyer.<SUP id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-12">[12]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President who had never served in the military.<SUP id="cite_ref-Political_Lists_pg._17_13-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Political_Lists_pg._17-13">[13]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-PrezWhoAreVets_14-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PrezWhoAreVets-14">[14]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to not be a <A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_who_owned_slaves" title="List of Presidents of the United States who owned slaves">slave owner</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-15">[15]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be a <A href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President from <A href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Book_of_Political_Lists.2C_pg._5_7-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Book_of_Political_Lists.2C_pg._5-7">[7]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President who attended one of the <A href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</A> colleges, and first to attend <A href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-PrezTriviaFortyNine_11-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PrezTriviaFortyNine-11">[11]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have children.<SUP id="cite_ref-Political_Lists_pg._60_16-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Political_Lists_pg._60-16">[16]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President whose son (<A href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</A>) was also a President.</LI>
<LI>First president to begin his presidency on March 4.<SUP id="cite_ref-Infoplease.com_17-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Infoplease.com-17">[17]</A></SUP> He begun his presidency on March 4, 1797.</LI>
<LI>First President to receive the oath of office from a Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court<SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to veto no bills while in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-Veto_19-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Veto-19">[19]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have <A href="/wiki/Charles_Adams_(1770%E2%80%931800)" title="Charles Adams (1770–1800)">a child</A> die while in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-20">[20]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be defeated for a second term in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-NelsonSixteenFiftyThree_21-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NelsonSixteenFiftyThree-21">[21]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to not attend the inauguration of his successor.<SUP id="cite_ref-Infoplease.com_17-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Infoplease.com-17">[17]</A></SUP> He did not attend Jefferson's inauguration.</LI>
<LI>First President to live to the age of 90.<SUP id="cite_ref-NelsonSixteenFiftyThree_21-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NelsonSixteenFiftyThree-21">[21]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have signed the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-22">[22]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have met a British monarch, having met <A href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III of the United Kingdom</A> while serving as Ambassador to Britain.</LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Thomas_Jefferson_(1801-1809)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Thomas_Jefferson_.281801-1809.29"><A href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</A> (1801-1809)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President to be inaugurated in <A href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</A><SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President whose inauguration was not attended by his immediate predecessor.<SUP id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-23">[23]</A></SUP> John Adams did not attend his inauguration.</LI>
<LI>First President to live a full presidential term in the <A href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-24">[24]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President elected as a <A href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have previously been a Governor.<SUP id="cite_ref-Political_Lists_pg._17_13-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Political_Lists_pg._17-13">[13]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have been <A href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_France" title="United States Ambassador to France">Ambassador to France</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have previously served as Secretary of State.<SUP id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-25">[25]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to defeat a person (Adams) whom he had previously lost to in a Presidential election.<SUP id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-26">[26]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have been widowed prior to his inauguration (His wife <A href="/wiki/Martha_Jefferson" title="Martha Jefferson">Martha Jefferson</A> died in 1782, long before he was inaugurated).<SUP id="cite_ref-Presidential_Trivia.2C_pg._147_27-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Presidential_Trivia.2C_pg._147-27">[27]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President whose election was decided in the House of Representatives.<SUP id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-28">[28]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to cite the doctrine of executive privilege.<SUP id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-29">[29]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First president to have a <A href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">vice president</A> elected under the <A href="/wiki/12th_Amendment_of_the_United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Amendment of the United States Constitution">12th Amendment</A>. Originally the runner-up in the presidential election was named vice president.<SUP id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-30">[30]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have more than one Vice President (<A href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Aaron Burr</A> and <A href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</A> were his Vice Presidents).</LI>
<LI>First President to be a <A href="/wiki/Deist" class="mw-redirect" title="Deist">Deist</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President who died on <A href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</A> (Along with his President and predecessor John Adams).</LI>
<LI>First President to be survived by his predecessor as President (He was survived by John Adams, who died five hours later).</LI>
<LI>First President to serve as Rector of the University of Virginia.<SUP id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-31">[31]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="James_Madison_(1809-1817)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="James_Madison_.281809-1817.29"><A href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</A> (1809-1817)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: James Madison (1809-1817)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President to have served in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</A><SUP id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-32">[32]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to ask Congress for a <A href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">Declaration of War</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-33">[33]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First war-time Commander-in-Chief.<SUP id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-34">[34]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have an <A href="/wiki/Inaugural_ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Inaugural ball">Inaugural ball</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to wear long <A href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">trousers</A> instead of <A href="/wiki/Culottes" title="Culottes">knee breeches</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-35">[35]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to issue a <A href="/wiki/Pocket_veto" title="Pocket veto">pocket veto</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Veto_19-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Veto-19">[19]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have a Vice President die while in office, and the only President to have more than one Vice President (<A href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</A>, <A href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</A>) die in office.</LI>
<LI>First President to have a parent live throughout his presidency (He left office in 1817 and his mother Nelly Conway Madison died in 1829). <SUP id="cite_ref-PrezParents_36-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PrezParents-36">[36]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="James_Monroe_(1817-1825)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="James_Monroe_.281817-1825.29"><A href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</A> (1817-1825)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: James Monroe (1817-1825)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President to have served in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</A>. <SUP id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-37">[37]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have a child marry at the White House (His daughter Mary married in 1820 at the Blue Room on the State Floor of the White House).<SUP id="cite_ref-whitehousehistory.org_38-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-whitehousehistory.org-38">[38]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to ride on a steamboat.<SUP id="cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BoysLifeFastFacts-39">[39]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1820" title="United States presidential election, 1820">200 electoral votes</A> in a single election.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have served as <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of War">Secretary of War</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to issue a <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_doctrines" title="United States presidential doctrines">doctrine</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="John_Quincy_Adams_(1825-1829)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="John_Quincy_Adams_.281825-1829.29"><A href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</A> (1825-1829)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><A href="/wiki/File:John_Quincy_Adams_-_copy_of_1843_Philip_Haas_Daguerreotype.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/John_Quincy_Adams_-_copy_of_1843_Philip_Haas_Daguerreotype.jpg/180px-John_Quincy_Adams_-_copy_of_1843_Philip_Haas_Daguerreotype.jpg" width="180" height="249" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/John_Quincy_Adams_-_copy_of_1843_Philip_Haas_Daguerreotype.jpg/270px-John_Quincy_Adams_-_copy_of_1843_Philip_Haas_Daguerreotype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/John_Quincy_Adams_-_copy_of_1843_Philip_Haas_Daguerreotype.jpg/360px-John_Quincy_Adams_-_copy_of_1843_Philip_Haas_Daguerreotype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3083" data-file-height="4270" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:John_Quincy_Adams_-_copy_of_1843_Philip_Haas_Daguerreotype.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Philip Haas took this daguerrotype of John Quincy Adams in 1843 - it is the first photograph taken of a President.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<UL>
<LI>First President to be the son of another President (He was the son of John Adams).<SUP id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-41">[41]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President whose father lived to see him become president (His father, former President John Adams, was still alive when he took office, and died in 1826). <SUP id="cite_ref-PrezParents_36-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PrezParents-36">[36]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have a son marry at the White House (His son <A href="/wiki/John_Adams_II" title="John Adams II">John Adams II</A> married in the Blue Room on February 25, 1828.) <SUP id="cite_ref-whitehousehistory.org_38-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-whitehousehistory.org-38">[38]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President elected despite losing the popular vote.<SUP id="cite_ref-Presidential_Trivia.2C_pg._48_42-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Presidential_Trivia.2C_pg._48-42">[42]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have <A href="/wiki/Facial_hair" title="Facial hair">facial hair</A>. (He wore long <A href="/wiki/Sideburns" title="Sideburns">sideburns</A>).</LI>
<LI>First President to have his photograph taken.<SUP id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-43">[43]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to serve in Congress after serving in the Presidency.<SUP id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-44">[44]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be succeeded by a President older than him (Both Adams and his successor <A href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</A> were born in 1767, but Jackson was born in March, while Adams was born in July).</LI>
<LI>First President to have been Ambassador to <A href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_Netherlands" title="United States Ambassador to the Netherlands">the Netherlands</A>, <A href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Germany" title="United States Ambassador to Germany">Germany</A>, and <A href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Russia" title="United States Ambassador to Russia">Russia</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Andrew_Jackson_(1829-1837)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Andrew_Jackson_.281829-1837.29"><A href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</A> (1829-1837)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President born in a log cabin.<SUP id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-45">[45]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/The_Carolinas" title="The Carolinas">the Carolinas</A> (Place of birth disputed between North and South Carolina).</LI>
<LI>First President born to immigrant parents (His parents and two brothers emigrated from <A href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</A> in 1765).<SUP id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-46">[46]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President born after the death of his father (His father died in February 1767, around three weeks before he was born).<SUP id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-47">[47]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be a <A href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</A>.</LI>
<LI>First <A href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</A> elected to the Presidency.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have been a <A href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major general</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to be <A href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="First inauguration of Andrew Jackson">inaugurated</A> at the East Portico of the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Capitol Building">United States Capitol Building</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to kill someone in a duel.<SUP id="cite_ref-Vecchione.2C_101_48-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Vecchione.2C_101-48">[48]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be targeted by an assassin.<SUP id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-49">[49]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to ride on a railroad train.<SUP id="cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MoonGuide-50">[50]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to appoint a <A href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</A> (<A href="/wiki/Roger_Taney" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Taney">Roger Taney</A>) to the Supreme Court.</LI>
<LI>First President to be elected by <A href="/wiki/Universal_manhood_suffrage" title="Universal manhood suffrage">white men of all classes</A> in 1828 after most laws barring non-land-owners from voting were repealed.</LI>
<LI>First President whose home state was not also his birth state (His birth state is disputed between North and South Carolina, while he resided in <A href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</A> at the time of his election).</LI>
<LI>First President to be an <A href="/wiki/Orphan" title="Orphan">orphan</A>. (His father died in 1767 just before he was born and his mother died in 1781 when he was fourteen).</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Martin_Van_Buren_(1837-1841)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Martin_Van_Buren_.281837-1841.29"><A href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</A> (1837-1841)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President <A href="/wiki/Natural-born-citizen_clause" title="Natural-born-citizen clause">born a citizen</A> of the United States, rather than a British subject.</LI>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</A> state.</LI>
<LI>First President born after the <A href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President who spoke a language other than English as his first language.<SUP id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-51">[51]</A></SUP> (<A href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</A> was his first language)</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be of the <A href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Reformed">Dutch Reformed</A> faith.</LI>
<LI>First President to have served as a State Attorney General, having served as <A href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_New_York" title="Attorney General of New York">Attorney General of New York</A> from 1815 to 1819.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="William_Henry_Harrison_(1841)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="William_Henry_Harrison_.281841.29"><A href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</A> (1841)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: William Henry Harrison (1841)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First <A href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</A> elected to the Presidency.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President from <A href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-52">[52]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1840" title="United States presidential election, 1840">one million popular votes</A> in a single election.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP> He received 1,275,390 votes in the 1840 election.</LI>
<LI>First President to have 10 or more children.<SUP id="cite_ref-Political_Lists_pg._60_16-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Political_Lists_pg._60-16">[16]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to give an inaugural address of more than 5,000 words.<SUP id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-53">[53]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have his photograph taken while in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-metmuseum_54-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-metmuseum-54">[54]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to die in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-Info_Please_55-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Info_Please-55">[55]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have been a <A href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier general</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to serve as Ambassador to a South American country, having served as <A href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Colombia" title="United States Ambassador to Colombia">United States Minister to Gran Colombia</A> from 1828 to 1829.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="John_Tyler_(1841-1845)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="John_Tyler_.281841-1845.29"><A href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</A> (1841-1845)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: John Tyler (1841-1845)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First Vice-President to ascend to the Presidency by the death of his predecessor.<SUP id="cite_ref-AmGovt_56-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-AmGovt-56">[56]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have a veto overridden.<SUP id="cite_ref-Veto_19-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Veto-19">[19]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Vecchione.2C_101_48-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Vecchione.2C_101-48">[48]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to face a vote of impeachment in the House (it was unsuccessful).<SUP id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-57">[57]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be widowed while in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-58">[58]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to remarry while in office (to <A href="/wiki/Julia_Gardiner_Tyler" title="Julia Gardiner Tyler">Julia Gardiner Tyler</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BoysLifeFastFacts-39">[39]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Info_Please_55-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Info_Please-55">[55]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to have served as <A href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to be born after the ratification of the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-59">[59]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be born during someone's presidency (George Washington).</LI>
<LI>First (and only) President to join the Confederacy and serve in the <A href="/wiki/Provisional_Confederate_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional Confederate States Congress">Provisional Confederate States Congress</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="James_K._Polk_(1845-1849)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="James_K._Polk_.281845-1849.29"><A href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</A> (1845-1849)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: James K. Polk (1845-1849)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President to <A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age" title="List of Presidents of the United States by age">be elected to the office before reaching the age of 50</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-JamesPolkDotCom_60-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-JamesPolkDotCom-60">[60]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to have served as <A href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House of Representatives</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-JamesPolkDotCom_60-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-JamesPolkDotCom-60">[60]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</A> (Andrew Jackson's birthplace is disputed between that state and <A href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</A>).</LI>
<LI>First President to be a <A href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to be elected despite losing his states of birth and residence.<SUP id="cite_ref-xkcd_61-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-xkcd-61">[61]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be nominated by his party as a <A href="/wiki/Dark_horse" title="Dark horse">dark horse</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-62">[62]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First one-term President not to seek re-election upon the completion of his term.<SUP id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-63">[63]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to <A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_date_of_death" title="List of Presidents of the United States by date of death">die before reaching the age of 60</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-JamesPolkDotCom_60-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-JamesPolkDotCom-60">[60]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to predecease a parent (Polk died in 1849, soon after leaving office. Jane Knox Polk died in 1852, having outlived her son by three years.)<SUP id="cite_ref-CompBook_64-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-CompBook-64">[64]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-PrezParents_36-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PrezParents-36">[36]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President not to keep a <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_pets" title="United States presidential pets">pet</A> during his term in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-thoughtlongley_65-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-thoughtlongley-65">[65]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Zachary_Taylor_(1849-1850)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Zachary_Taylor_.281849-1850.29"><A href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</A> (1849-1850)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President who had served in no prior elected office.<SUP id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-66">[66]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to serve in the <A href="/wiki/Mexican-American_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican-American War">Mexican-American War</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Book_of_Political_Lists.2C_pg._5_7-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Book_of_Political_Lists.2C_pg._5-7">[7]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to take office while his party held a minority of seats in the U.S. Senate.<SUP id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-67">[67]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to win election with his party holding no majority in either house of Congress.<SUP id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-68">[68]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to reside in <A href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to be elected while winning the same number of states as his opponent. Both Taylor and his opponent <A href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</A> won 15 states.</LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Millard_Fillmore_(1850-1853)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Millard_Fillmore_.281850-1853.29"><A href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</A> (1850-1853)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President to establish a permanent White House library.<SUP id="cite_ref-Vecchione.2C_101_48-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Vecchione.2C_101-48">[48]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President born in the 1800s.<SUP id="cite_ref-WhiteHousePOTUS_69-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WhiteHousePOTUS-69">[69]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to remarry after leaving office. He remarried in 1858 to <A href="/wiki/Caroline_C._Fillmore" title="Caroline C. Fillmore">Caroline Carmichael McIntosh</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to leave office while his father was alive. <SUP id="cite_ref-PrezParents_36-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PrezParents-36">[36]</A></SUP> He left office in 1853 and his father <A href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Fillmore" title="Nathaniel Fillmore">Nathaniel Fillmore</A> died in 1863.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Franklin_Pierce_(1853-1857)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Franklin_Pierce_.281853-1857.29"><A href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</A> (1853-1857)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to install <A href="/wiki/Central_heating" title="Central heating">central heating</A> in the White House.<SUP id="cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BoysLifeFastFacts-39">[39]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President born in the 19th century (November 23, 1804).<SUP id="cite_ref-WhiteHousePOTUS_69-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WhiteHousePOTUS-69">[69]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to deliver his inaugural address from memory.<SUP id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-70">[70]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) elected President to actively seek reelection but be defeated for <A href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">nomination</A> for a second term by his party.<SUP id="cite_ref-krudin_71-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-krudin-71">[71]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-72">[72]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="James_Buchanan_(1857-1861)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="James_Buchanan_.281857-1861.29"><A href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</A> (1857-1861)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: James Buchanan (1857-1861)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</A>.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be a bachelor.<SUP id="cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BoysLifeFastFacts-39">[39]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Info_Please_55-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Info_Please-55">[55]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First sitting President to meet a member of the British Royal Family. (He met the future <A href="/wiki/King_Edward_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VII">King Edward VII</A> in 1860 during his tour of America).</LI>
<LI>First President to have <A href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_James_Buchanan" title="Inauguration of James Buchanan">his inauguration</A> photographed.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Abraham_Lincoln_(1861-1865)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Abraham_Lincoln_.281861-1865.29"><A href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</A> (1861-1865)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_at_his_death_bed.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Lincoln_at_his_death_bed.jpg/180px-Lincoln_at_his_death_bed.jpg" width="180" height="120" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Lincoln_at_his_death_bed.jpg/270px-Lincoln_at_his_death_bed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Lincoln_at_his_death_bed.jpg/360px-Lincoln_at_his_death_bed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1329" data-file-height="885" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_at_his_death_bed.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Abraham Lincoln was the first President to be assassinated.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<UL>
<LI>First President born outside of the original 13 colonies and first born in <A href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-IPLLincoln_73-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-IPLLincoln-73">[73]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President from <A href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</A>.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to hold a <A href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_patent" title="Abraham Lincoln's patent">patent</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-IPLLincoln_73-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-IPLLincoln-73">[73]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be photographed at <A href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln">his inauguration</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-IPLLincoln_73-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-IPLLincoln-73">[73]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be <A href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">assassinated</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Info_Please_55-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Info_Please-55">[55]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First <A href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</A> elected to the Presidency.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be assassinated.</LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1864" title="United States presidential election, 1864">two million popular votes</A> in a single election.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP> He received 2,218,388 votes in the 1864 election.</LI>
<LI>First President to wear a <A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_with_facial_hair" title="List of Presidents of the United States with facial hair">beard</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-gilette86_74-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-gilette86-74">[74]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President inducted into the <A href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Andrew_Johnson_(1865-1869)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Andrew_Johnson_.281865-1869.29"><A href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</A> (1865-1869)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President to ascend to the Presidency by the assassination of his predecessor.<SUP id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-75">[75]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be <A href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">impeached by the House of Representatives</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-JohnsonSenate_76-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-JohnsonSenate-76">[76]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to serve in the United States Senate after being President.<SUP id="cite_ref-JohnsonSenate_76-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-JohnsonSenate-76">[76]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have been mayor of a town, having been mayor of <A href="/wiki/Greeneville,_Tennessee" title="Greeneville, Tennessee">Greeneville, Tennessee</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to issue more than twenty vetoes.<SUP id="cite_ref-Veto_19-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Veto-19">[19]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have more than ten vetoes overridden.<SUP id="cite_ref-Veto_19-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Veto-19">[19]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Ulysses_S._Grant_(1869-1877)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Ulysses_S._Grant_.281869-1877.29"><A href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</A> (1869-1877)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><A href="/wiki/File:US_Grant_in_1885.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/US_Grant_in_1885.jpg/180px-US_Grant_in_1885.jpg" width="180" height="212" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/US_Grant_in_1885.jpg/270px-US_Grant_in_1885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/US_Grant_in_1885.jpg/360px-US_Grant_in_1885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="1040" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:US_Grant_in_1885.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Ulysses S. Grant, here shortly before his death, was the first President to write a memoir.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<UL>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Book_of_Political_Lists.2C_pg._5_7-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Book_of_Political_Lists.2C_pg._5-7">[7]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/Mustache" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustache">mustache</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President educated at the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</A>.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have been a four-star <A href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have served as <A href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Commanding General of the United States Army</A>, though Washington held a similar post under a different name.</LI>
<LI>First President to win <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1872" title="United States presidential election, 1872">the popular vote</A> by more than 500,000 votes.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to win more than 3 million votes in a single election. He received 3,013,421 votes in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1868" title="United States presidential election, 1868">1868 election</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have both parents alive during his presidency (His father <A href="/wiki/Jesse_Root_Grant" title="Jesse Root Grant">Jesse Root Grant</A> died in 1873, and his mother Hannah Simpson Grant died in 1882).<SUP id="cite_ref-PrezParents_36-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PrezParents-36">[36]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to veto more than fifty bills.<SUP id="cite_ref-Veto_19-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Veto-19">[19]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to visit <A href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</A>, <A href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</A>, <A href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</A> and <A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</A>. (In 1878–79, after leaving the presidency.)<SUP id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-77">[77]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-78">[78]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-79">[79]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to publish his <A href="/wiki/Personal_Memoirs_of_Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant">memoirs</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-80">[80]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to issue more than 40 pocket vetoes.<SUP id="cite_ref-Veto_19-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Veto-19">[19]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Rutherford_B._Hayes_(1877-1881)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Rutherford_B._Hayes_.281877-1881.29"><A href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</A> (1877-1881)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President to hold a state <A href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_dinner" title="Thanksgiving dinner">Thanksgiving dinner</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BoysLifeFastFacts-39">[39]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to hold the <A href="/wiki/White_House_Easter_Egg_Roll" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Easter Egg Roll">White House Easter Egg Roll</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BoysLifeFastFacts-39">[39]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have a <A href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</A> and a <A href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriter</A> installed in the White House.<SUP id="cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MoonGuide-50">[50]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-WhiteHouseTech_81-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WhiteHouseTech-81">[81]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to visit the <A href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast of the United States</A> while in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-82">[82]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to win the electoral vote but lose the popular vote. <SUP id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-83">[83]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than 4 million votes in a single election. He received 4,034,311 votes in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1876" title="United States presidential election, 1876">1876 election</A>.</LI>
<LI>First (and only) President to be wounded in the <A href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="James_A._Garfield_(1881)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="James_A._Garfield_.281881.29"><A href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</A> (1881)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: James A. Garfield (1881)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be elected to the Presidency directly from the House of Representatives.<SUP id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-84">[84]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be left-handed or ambidextrous.<SUP id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-85">[85]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to die before reaching the age of 50.<SUP id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-86">[86]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have served as a University President.<SUP id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-87">[87]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-88">[88]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Chester_A._Arthur_(1881-1885)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Chester_A._Arthur_.281881-1885.29"><A href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</A> (1881-1885)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-89">[89]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to take the oath of office in his own home.<SUP id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-90">[90]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have an <A href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevator</A> installed in the White House.<SUP id="cite_ref-WhiteHouseTech_81-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WhiteHouseTech-81">[81]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have been appointed to a non-cabinet or ambassadorial federal office, having been appointed <A href="/wiki/Collector_of_the_Port_of_New_York" title="Collector of the Port of New York">Collector of the Port of New York</A> by Ulysses S. Grant in 1871.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Grover_Cleveland_(1885-1889;1893-1897)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Grover_Cleveland_.281885-1889.3B1893-1897.29"><A href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</A> (1885-1889;1893-1897)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Grover Cleveland (1885-1889;1893-1897)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Frances_Folsom_marrying_President_Cleveland_cropped.psd.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Frances_Folsom_marrying_President_Cleveland_cropped.psd.jpg/180px-Frances_Folsom_marrying_President_Cleveland_cropped.psd.jpg" width="180" height="210" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Frances_Folsom_marrying_President_Cleveland_cropped.psd.jpg/270px-Frances_Folsom_marrying_President_Cleveland_cropped.psd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Frances_Folsom_marrying_President_Cleveland_cropped.psd.jpg/360px-Frances_Folsom_marrying_President_Cleveland_cropped.psd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="450" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Frances_Folsom_marrying_President_Cleveland_cropped.psd.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Grover Cleveland was the first President to serve non-consecutive terms, and the first President to be married (to <A href="/wiki/Frances_Folsom" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Folsom">Frances Folsom</A>) at the White House</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<UL>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</A>.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to get married at the White House.<SUP id="cite_ref-whitehousehistory.org_38-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-whitehousehistory.org-38">[38]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have <A href="/wiki/Esther_Cleveland" title="Esther Cleveland">a child</A> born in the White House.<SUP id="cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BoysLifeFastFacts-39">[39]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-91">[91]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to serve non-consecutive terms.<SUP id="cite_ref-Info_Please_55-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Info_Please-55">[55]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be filmed.<SUP id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-92">[92]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to veto more than 100 bills, veto more than 200 bills, veto more than 300 bills, or veto more than 400 bills. Counting both of his terms together, he is also the first President to veto more than 500 bills.<SUP id="cite_ref-Veto_19-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Veto-19">[19]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to issue more than 100 pocket vetos.<SUP id="cite_ref-Veto_19-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Veto-19">[19]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Benjamin_Harrison_(1889-1893)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Benjamin_Harrison_.281889-1893.29"><A href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</A> (1889-1893)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President to have a lighted <A href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas tree</A> at the <A href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Presidential_Trivia.2C_pg._48_42-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Presidential_Trivia.2C_pg._48-42">[42]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MoonGuide-50">[50]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be a grandson of another President (W. H. Harrison)</LI>
<LI>First President (with Cleveland) to receive more than <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1888" title="United States presidential election, 1888">five million popular votes</A> in a single election.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP> He received 5,443,892 votes in the 1888 election.</LI>
<LI>First President to have electric lighting installed in the White House.<SUP id="cite_ref-WhiteHouseTech_81-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WhiteHouseTech-81">[81]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have his voice recorded.<SUP id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-93">[93]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President from <A href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="William_McKinley_(1897-1901)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="William_McKinley_.281897-1901.29"><A href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</A> (1897-1901)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: William McKinley (1897-1901)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President to ride in an <A href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">automobile</A>. He rode with <A href="/wiki/Freelan_Oscar_Stanley" title="Freelan Oscar Stanley">Freelan Oscar Stanley</A> of the <A href="/wiki/Stanley_Motor_Carriage_Company" title="Stanley Motor Carriage Company">Stanley Motor Carriage Company</A> in his <A href="/wiki/Steam_car" title="Steam car">steam car</A> in 1899. He also rode in an electric ambulance that carried him to the hospital where he died.<SUP id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-94">[94]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to serve as Permanent Chairman of the <A href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have <A href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_William_McKinley" title="First inauguration of William McKinley">his inauguration</A> filmed.</LI>
<LI>First President to received more than 7 million votes in a single election. He received 7,111,607 votes in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1896" title="United States presidential election, 1896">1896 election</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Theodore_Roosevelt_(1901-1909)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Theodore_Roosevelt_.281901-1909.29"><A href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</A> (1901-1909)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</A>. <SUP id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-95">[95]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First Vice-President who ascended to the Presidency upon the death of a predecessor, who later was elected to the Presidency in his own right (He was elected Vice-President in 1900, ascended to the Presidency in 1901, and was elected in his own right in 1904). <SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller346_96-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller346-96">[96]</A></SUP> <SUP id="cite_ref-McKinley_97-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-McKinley-97">[97]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-FAS_98-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FAS-98">[98]</A></SUP> <SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrands1997504_99-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrands1997504-99">[99]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President (and first American) to be awarded the <A href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-100">[100]</A></SUP> Roosevelt <A href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">won the award in 1906</A>, due to his successful mediation to end the <A href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</A> (1904-1905).<SUP id="cite_ref-Lundestad_101-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Lundestad-101">[101]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-102">[102]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to ride in a <A href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</A> and an <A href="/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane">airplane</A><SUP id="cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BoysLifeFastFacts-39">[39]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MoonGuide-50">[50]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to travel outside the United States while in office (to the <A href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Zone" title="Panama Canal Zone">Panama Canal Zone</A>), first President to visit <A href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MoonGuide-50">[50]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-103">[103]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1904" title="United States presidential election, 1904">300 electoral votes</A> in a single election.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP> Roosevelt received 336 electoral votes in the United States presidential election, 1904. <SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrands1997513.E2.80.9314_104-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrands1997513.E2.80.9314-104">[104]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to win <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1904" title="United States presidential election, 1904">a presidential election</A> by a difference of 2 million popular votes from his opponent.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have his offices in the <A href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">West Wing</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-WestWing_105-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WestWing-105">[105]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President (and, to date, only) to earn the <A href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-UnitedStatesCenterforMilitaryHistory_106-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-UnitedStatesCenterforMilitaryHistory-106">[106]</A></SUP> Roosevelt won the award for <A href="/wiki/List_of_Medal_of_Honor_recipients_for_the_Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Spanish–American War">his service in the Spanish–American War</A>, and in particular his role in the <A href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</A>. The Medal of Honor was awarded posthumously in 2001, by President Bill Clinton.</LI>
<LI>First President to receive the <A href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</A> of the <A href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Commerce_and_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Commerce and Labor">Secretary of Commerce and Labor</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to serve as <A href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy">Assistant Secretary of the Navy</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="William_Howard_Taft_(1909-1913)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="William_Howard_Taft_.281909-1913.29"><A href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</A> (1909-1913)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: William Howard Taft (1909-1913)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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William Howard Taft was the first President to also serve on the United States Supreme Court</DIV>
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<UL>
<LI>First President to throw out a <A href="/wiki/Ceremonial_first_pitch" title="Ceremonial first pitch">ceremonial first pitch</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-107">[107]</A></SUP> Taft threw his pitch at <A href="/wiki/Griffith_Stadium" title="Griffith Stadium">Griffith Stadium</A>, Washington, D.C., on the <A href="/wiki/Washington_Senators_(1901%E2%80%9360)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Senators (1901–60)">Washington Senators</A>' <A href="/wiki/Opening_Day" title="Opening Day">Opening Day</A>. The pitch took place on April 14, 1910.<SUP id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-108">[108]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to own an <A href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">automobile</A> (He in fact owned four while in office)<SUP id="cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BoysLifeFastFacts-39">[39]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to serve in the federal judiciary, having served on the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit</A>.</LI>
<LI>First former <A href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_the_United_States" title="Solicitor General of the United States">Solicitor General</A> to become President.<SUP id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-109">[109]</A></SUP> Taft served as Solicitor General from 1890<SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPringle_vol_1106.E2.80.93111_110-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPringle_vol_1106.E2.80.93111-110">[110]</A></SUP> to 1892.<SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPringle_vol_1120.E2.80.93123_111-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPringle_vol_1120.E2.80.93123-111">[111]</A></SUP> He became President in 1909.</LI>
<LI>First President to receive the <A href="/wiki/Silver_Buffalo_Award" title="Silver Buffalo Award">Silver Buffalo Award</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to preside all of the <A href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">48 contiguous states</A> (<A href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</A> and <A href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</A> were admitted to the Union under his Presidency).<SUP id="cite_ref-WestWing_105-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WestWing-105">[105]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to visit <A href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</A> while in office<SUP id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-112">[112]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to use the <A href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-WestWing_105-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WestWing-105">[105]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to also serve on the <A href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</A> (as <A href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-113">[113]</A></SUP> Taft left office as President in 1913. He was appointed Chief Justice in 1921, by President Warren Harding. <SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPringle_vol_2957.E2.80.93959_114-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPringle_vol_2957.E2.80.93959-114">[114]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be buried at <A href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</A><SUP id="cite_ref-Info_Please_55-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Info_Please-55">[55]</A></SUP> He was also the first member of the Supreme Court to be buried at Arlington National Cemetery upon his death in 1930.<SUP id="cite_ref-Arlington_115-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Arlington-115">[115]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-116">[116]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Woodrow_Wilson_(1913-1921)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Woodrow_Wilson_.281913-1921.29"><A href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</A> (1913-1921)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to have a <A href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</A><SUP id="cite_ref-WilsonNYT_117-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WilsonNYT-117">[117]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to visit <A href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</A> while in office (<A href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#Woodrow_Wilson" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">he visited</A> <A href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</A>, the <A href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</A>, <A href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</A> (<A href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</A>, not yet a sovereign nation), and <A href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-WilsonTravel_118-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WilsonTravel-118">[118]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to <A href="/wiki/List_of_meetings_between_the_Pope_and_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of meetings between the Pope and the President of the United States">meet with the Pope</A> while in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-WilsonTravel_118-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WilsonTravel-118">[118]</A></SUP> Wilson met <A href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</A> in 1919, during a visit at Vatican City.<SUP id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-119">[119]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First sitting President to meet a British monarch, having met <A href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</A> in 1918.</LI>
<LI>First President to hold a <A href="/wiki/Press_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Press conference">press conference</A> or regular news briefings.<SUP id="cite_ref-WilsonClassroom_120-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WilsonClassroom-120">[120]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to appoint a Jew (<A href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</A>) to the <A href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-WilsonNYT_117-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WilsonNYT-117">[117]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-WilsonClassroom_120-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WilsonClassroom-120">[120]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to attend a <A href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</A> game.<SUP id="cite_ref-WilsonClassroom_120-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WilsonClassroom-120">[120]</A></SUP> Wilson attended Game 2 of the <A href="/wiki/1915_World_Series" title="1915 World Series">1915 World Series</A> in <A href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</A>, viewing a baseball game between the <A href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</A>.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be buried in <A href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral" title="Washington National Cathedral">Washington, D.C.</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-WilsonNYT_117-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WilsonNYT-117">[117]</A></SUP> Wilson died in 1924, and was interred in a <A href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</A> in <A href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral" title="Washington National Cathedral">Washington National Cathedral</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-121">[121]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than 9 million votes in a single election. He received 9,126,868 votes in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1916" title="United States presidential election, 1916">1916 election</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have separate <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Commerce">Secretaries of Commerce</A> and <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Labor">Labor</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to serve as <A href="/wiki/President_of_Princeton_University" title="President of Princeton University">President of Princeton University</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-122">[122]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Warren_G._Harding_(1921-1923)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Warren_G._Harding_.281921-1923.29"><A href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</A> (1921-1923)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President to receive more than <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1920" title="United States presidential election, 1920">ten million popular votes</A> in a single election.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP> Harding received 16,144,093 votes in the United States presidential election, 1920. He also received 404 electoral votes. The election took part following the passage of the <A href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">19th Amendment</A>, which granted voting rights to women. There were more eligible voters than previous elections, though voter turnout was relatively low. In 1920, just 36% of eligible women turned out to vote (compared with 68% of men).<SUP id="cite_ref-:0_123-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-:0-123">[123]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-:1_124-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-:1-124">[124]</A></SUP> The low turnout was partly due to other barriers to voting, such as literacy tests, long residency requirements and poll taxes. Inexperience with voting and persistent beliefs that voting was inappropriate for women may also have kept turnout low.<SUP id="cite_ref-:0_123-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-:0-123">[123]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-:1_124-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-:1-124">[124]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to win more than 60% of the popular vote. Harding won 60.3% of the popular vote.</LI>
<LI>First President to win the popular vote with a margin of victory over 20%.</LI>
<LI>First sitting <A href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</A> elected to the presidency.<SUP id="cite_ref-xkcd_61-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-xkcd-61">[61]</A></SUP> Harding was serving as a <A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Ohio" title="List of United States Senators from Ohio">Senator from Ohio</A> when elected. He resigned his position as senator and was replaced by <A href="/wiki/Frank_B._Willis" title="Frank B. Willis">Frank B. Willis</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have been a Lieutenant Governor. He served as <A href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ohio">Lieutenant Governor of Ohio</A> from 1904 to 1906. <SUP id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-125">[125]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to win <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1920" title="United States presidential election, 1920">the popular vote</A> by more than 5 million.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President elected after women gained <A href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">the right to vote</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to ride to and from his inauguration in an <A href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">automobile</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Warren_G._Harding" title="Inauguration of Warren G. Harding">inauguration of Harding</A> took place in 1921.</LI>
<LI>First President to learn to drive a car. <SUP id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-126">[126]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to visit <A href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</A> while in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-127">[127]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be a <A href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to be on <A href="/wiki/List_of_covers_of_Time_magazine" title="List of covers of Time magazine">the cover of Time Magazine</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Office_of_Management_and_Budget" class="mw-redirect" title="Director of the Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to serve as Temporary Chairman of the <A href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have been keynote speaker at the <A href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</A>.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be elected on his birthday (he was elected on November 2, 1920, his 55th birthday).</LI>
<LI>First President to predecease his father. Dr. <A href="/wiki/George_Tryon_Harding" title="George Tryon Harding">George Tryon Harding</A> died in 1928, five years after his son.<SUP id="cite_ref-PrezParents_36-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PrezParents-36">[36]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to appear on a radio broadcast, over Navy radio station <A href="/wiki/NOF_(defunct)" title="NOF (defunct)">NOF</A> in Anacostia, D.C.<SUP id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-128">[128]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Calvin_Coolidge_(1923-1929)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Calvin_Coolidge_.281923-1929.29"><A href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</A> (1923-1929)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be sworn in by his father, <A href="/wiki/John_Calvin_Coolidge,_Sr" class="mw-redirect" title="John Calvin Coolidge, Sr">John Calvin Coolidge, Sr</A>, following the death of Harding.</LI>
<LI>First President to be sworn in by another President (William Howard Taft, who was <A href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</A> at the time of the <A href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Calvin_Coolidge" title="Second inauguration of Calvin Coolidge">second inauguration</A> of Coolidge in 1925).<SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to give a <A href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</A> broadcast from the White House.<SUP id="cite_ref-Vecchione.2C_101_48-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Vecchione.2C_101-48">[48]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MoonGuide-50">[50]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be <A href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">filmed with sound recording</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to visit <A href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</A> while in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-129">[129]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be a <A href="/wiki/Congregational_church" title="Congregational church">Congregationalist</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to claim <A href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American ancestry</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-130">[130]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-131">[131]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-132">[132]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-133">[133]</A></SUP> Coolidge's mother Victoria Moor was claimed to be of a <A href="/wiki/Multiracial" title="Multiracial">mixed-race</A> family in <A href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-chideya_134-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-chideya-134">[134]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President born on <A href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to serve as both governor and lieutenant governor of a state, having served as <A href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts">Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts</A> from 1916 to 1919 and <A href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</A> from 1919 to 1921.<SUP id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-135">[135]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Herbert_Hoover_(1929-1933)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Herbert_Hoover_.281929-1933.29"><A href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</A> (1929-1933)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President born west of the <A href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</A> and first born in <A href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-136">[136]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1928" title="United States presidential election, 1928">twenty million popular votes</A> in a single election.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP> Hoover received 21,427,123 votes in the United States presidential election, 1928. The Hoover vote touched the high-water mark for all votes for a presidential candidate up to that time; 21,400,000 votes cast was an increase of more than 5,500,000 over the Coolidge vote of four years before.<SUP id="cite_ref-The_Presidential_Vote_1932.2C_pg._24_137-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-The_Presidential_Vote_1932.2C_pg._24-137">[137]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have a <A href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</A> on his desk.<SUP id="cite_ref-WestWing_105-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WestWing-105">[105]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have a post-presidency of more than 30 years.<SUP id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-138">[138]</A></SUP> Hoover left office in 1933, and died in 1964. He died 31 years, and 230 days after leaving office.</LI>
<LI>First <A href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quaker</A> to serve as President.<SUP id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-139">[139]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have served as <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Franklin_D._Roosevelt_(1933-1945)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Franklin_D._Roosevelt_.281933-1945.29"><A href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</A> (1933-1945)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First (and, per the <A href="/wiki/22nd_amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd amendment">22nd amendment</A>, only) President to serve more than two terms.<SUP id="cite_ref-AmGovt_56-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-AmGovt-56">[56]</A></SUP> Roosevelt won a record four presidential elections, and served four terms in office from 1933 to 1945. More precisely, Roosevelt served three full terms, and died 2 months and 24 days into his fourth term.</LI>
<LI>First President to be inaugurated on January 20 (after the passage of the <A href="/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twentieth Amendment</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP> His <A href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt">first inauguration</A> took place on March 4, 1933. His <A href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt">second inauguration</A> took place on January 20, 1937 and is the first inauguration to take place on that date.</LI>
<LI>First President to be elected after losing as Vice-President on a major party ticket. Roosevelt was <A href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</A> <A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">nominee</A> for Vice-President in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1920" title="United States presidential election, 1920">United States presidential election, 1920</A>. He was the Democratic nominee for President in <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1932" title="United States presidential election, 1932">United States presidential election, 1932</A>, and was successfully elected.</LI>
<LI>He is also the first president appear five times on a a national ticket, a record tied by <A href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-140">[140]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to appear on <A href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television</A><SUP id="cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MoonGuide-50">[50]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-141">[141]</A></SUP> On April 30, 1939, Roosevelt appeared at the opening ceremony of the <A href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</A> and gave a speech. The speech was televised, and Roosevelt became the first President of the United States to give a speech that is broadcast by television. Roosevelt's speech was seen on black and white television sets with 5 to 12-inch tubes.<SUP id="cite_ref-Barnouw_142-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Barnouw-142">[142]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to nominate a woman (<A href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</A>) to a Cabinet post.<SUP id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-143">[143]</A></SUP> Perkins was appointed <A href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">United States Secretary of Labor</A> in 1933.</LI>
<LI>First President to establish a <A href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Presidential_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library">presidential library</A><SUP id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-144">[144]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1936" title="United States presidential election, 1936">500 electoral votes</A> in a single election.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-14" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP> He received 523 electoral votes in the United States presidential election, 1936. Roosevelt won 98.5% of the electoral vote.</LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than 25 million votes in a single election. He received 27,747,636 votes in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1936" title="United States presidential election, 1936">1936 election</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to win <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1936" title="United States presidential election, 1936">the popular vote</A> by more than 10 million votes, in 1936.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to <A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_vetoes" title="List of United States presidential vetoes">veto</A> more than 500 bills.<SUP id="cite_ref-Veto_19-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Veto-19">[19]</A></SUP> His total vetoes were 635, though 9 were overridden.</LI>
<LI>First President to issue more than 200 <A href="/wiki/Pocket_veto" title="Pocket veto">pocket vetos</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Veto_19-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Veto-19">[19]</A></SUP> He issued 263 pocket vetoes.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">First sitting President to visit</A> <A href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</A> (Hoover visited as President-elect; Roosevelt visited <A href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</A>, <A href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</A>), <A href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</A> (he visited <A href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</A>, <A href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</A> and <A href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</A>), <A href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</A>, <A href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</A>, and the <A href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</A>, as well as <A href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</A> while in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-145">[145]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-146">[146]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-147">[147]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to make a <A href="/wiki/Transatlantic_flight" title="Transatlantic flight">transatlantic flight</A>. During <A href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</A>, Roosevelt traveled on the <I>Dixie Clipper</I>, a Pan Am-crewed <A href="/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper" title="Boeing 314 Clipper">Boeing 314 Clipper</A> <A href="/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boat</A> to the 1943 <A href="/wiki/Casablanca_Conference" title="Casablanca Conference">Casablanca Conference</A> in Morocco, a flight that covered 5,500 miles (8,890 km) in three legs.<SUP id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-148">[148]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have had no full siblings. He only had a half-brother, <A href="/wiki/James_Roosevelt_Roosevelt" title="James Roosevelt Roosevelt">James Roosevelt Roosevelt</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to receive a British monarch during a visit to the U.S., having met <A href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</A> in 1939.</LI>
<LI>First President to meet a <A href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">King of Saudi Arabia</A>, having met <A href="/wiki/Ibn_Saud" title="Ibn Saud">Ibn Saud</A> in 1945.<SUP id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-149">[149]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be named <A href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Time Person of the Year</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have a National Library administered by the <A href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Harry_S._Truman_(1945-1953)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Harry_S._Truman_.281945-1953.29"><A href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</A> (1945-1953)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to be assigned a <A href="/wiki/Secret_Service_codename" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Service codename">Secret Service codename</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-150">[150]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First sitting President to visit <A href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</A>. He visited the <A href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Allied-occupied Germany</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to serve in <A href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Political_Lists_pg._15_151-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Political_Lists_pg._15-151">[151]</A></SUP> Truman served as an officer of the <A href="/wiki/American_Expeditionary_Forces" title="American Expeditionary Forces">American Expeditionary Forces</A> and commanded a unit of the <A href="/wiki/129th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="129th Field Artillery Regiment">129th Field Artillery Regiment</A>. He saw combat service in the <A href="/wiki/Meuse-Argonne_Offensive" title="Meuse-Argonne Offensive">Meuse-Argonne Offensive</A>. He was discharged from the army in 1919, with the rank of <A href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">major</A>. He remained affiliated with the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">United States Army Reserve</A> until 1953. He was promoted to <A href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</A> in 1925 and <A href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</A> in 1932.</LI>
<LI>First President to have a <A href="/wiki/Television_set" title="Television set">television set</A> installed in the White House.</LI>
<LI>First to have a nationally televised inauguration.<SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP> His <A href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Second inauguration of Harry S. Truman">second inauguration</A> in 1949 was the first presidential inauguration televised. Millions of people watched the inauguration, broadcast as a single live program that aired on every network.<SUP id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-152">[152]</A></SUP> Many schoolchildren watched from their classrooms.<SUP id="cite_ref-SunViewers_153-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-SunViewers-153">[153]</A></SUP> Truman authorized a holiday for federal employees so that they could also watch.<SUP id="cite_ref-Laviero_154-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Laviero-154">[154]</A></SUP> The ceremony, and Truman's speech, were also broadcast abroad through the <I><A href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</A></I>, and translated into other languages including Russian and German.<SUP id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-155">[155]</A></SUP> According to some calculations, the 1949 inauguration had more witnesses than all previous Presidential inaugurations combined.<SUP id="cite_ref-SunViewers_153-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-SunViewers-153">[153]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-156">[156]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to leave office on January 20 (after the passage of the <A href="/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twentieth amendment</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP> He left office on January 20, 1953.</LI>
<LI>First person to be issued a <A href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</A> card.<SUP id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-157">[157]</A></SUP> In 1965, President <A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</A> signed the Medicare bill at the <A href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum">Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum</A> and gave the first two Medicare cards to Truman and his wife <A href="/wiki/Bess_Truman" title="Bess Truman">Bess Truman</A>, to honor the former president's fight for government health care while in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruman_Library1965_158-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETruman_Library1965-158">[158]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to address a joint session of the <A href="/wiki/Canadian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Parliament">Canadian Parliament</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Dwight_D._Eisenhower_(1953-1961)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Dwight_D._Eisenhower_.281953-1961.29"><A href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</A> (1953-1961)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President to serve in <A href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</A>, and only President to serve in both World Wars.<SUP id="cite_ref-Vecchione.2C_101_48-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Vecchione.2C_101-48">[48]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have been a Five-star <A href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army_(United_States)" title="General of the Army (United States)">General of the Army</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have served as <A href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have served as <A href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Allied Commander Europe</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to be born in <A href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-159">[159]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President from <A href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to begin his presidency on January 20 (after the passage of the <A href="/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twentieth Amendment</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP> He begun his presidency on January 20, 1953.</LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than 30 million votes in a single election. He received 34,075,529 votes in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1952" title="United States presidential election, 1952">1952 election</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to celebrate his 70th birthday while in office. Eisenhower was born in 1890 and turned 70 in 1960. His office term ended in 1961.</LI>
<LI>First President to travel by <A href="/wiki/Jet_aircraft" title="Jet aircraft">jet aircraft</A> and <A href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-160">[160]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to get a pilot's license.<SUP id="cite_ref-airspacemag.com_161-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airspacemag.com-161">[161]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">First sitting President to visit</A> the independent nations of <A href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</A>, <A href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</A>, <A href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</A>, <A href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</A>, <A href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</A>, <A href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</A>, <A href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</A>, <A href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</A>, <A href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</A>, <A href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to give a televised news conference, in 1955.<SUP id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-162">[162]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to appear on <A href="/wiki/Color_television" title="Color television">color television</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-163">[163]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President of all 50 states (<A href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</A> and <A href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</A> were admitted during his Presidency).</LI>
<LI>First President to be <A href="/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">term-limited</A>, due to the <A href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution">22nd Amendment</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have served more than one full term with a Congress controlled by the opposing party.</LI>
<LI>First President to have received an honorary knighthood from a foreign nation (Eisenhower received 22 such honors).<SUP id="cite_ref-Eisenhower_honors_164-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Eisenhower_honors-164">[164]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-165">[165]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive the <A href="/wiki/Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Distinguished Service Medal">Army Distinguished Service Medal</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Navy_Distinguished_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy Distinguished Service Medal">Navy Distinguished Service Medal</A>, and the <A href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Eisenhower_honors_164-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Eisenhower_honors-164">[164]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive the Philippine <A href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Star" title="Distinguished Service Star">Distinguished Service Star</A>, the French <A href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_militaire" title="Médaille militaire">Médaille militaire</A>, the French <A href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1939%E2%80%931945_(France)" title="Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (France)">Croix de guerre 1939–1945</A>, the Belgian <A href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_(Belgium)" title="Croix de guerre (Belgium)">Croix de guerre</A>, and the Luxembourgish <A href="/wiki/Military_Medal_(Luxembourg)" title="Military Medal (Luxembourg)">Military Medal</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Eisenhower_honors_164-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Eisenhower_honors-164">[164]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President and first American to be appointed to the British <A href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit" title="Order of Merit">Order of Merit</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Eisenhower_honors_164-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Eisenhower_honors-164">[164]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be made a Grand Cordon of the Japanese <A href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Chrysanthemum" title="Order of the Chrysanthemum">Order of the Chrysanthemum</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Eisenhower_honors_164-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Eisenhower_honors-164">[164]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and only) President and American to receive the Soviet <A href="/wiki/Order_of_Victory" title="Order of Victory">Order of Victory</A>, for serving as <A href="/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Expeditionary_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force">Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Eisenhower_honors_164-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Eisenhower_honors-164">[164]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive an <A href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-166">[166]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare">Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to serve as <A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Columbia_University" title="List of Presidents of Columbia University">President of Columbia University</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-167">[167]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="John_F._Kennedy_(1961-1963)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="John_F._Kennedy_.281961-1963.29"><A href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</A> (1961-1963)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) <A href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholic</A> to serve as President.<SUP id="cite_ref-EverythingJFK_168-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-EverythingJFK-168">[168]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President born in the 20th Century<SUP id="cite_ref-FreakyFacts_169-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FreakyFacts-169">[169]</A></SUP> (Kennedy was born in 1917 and took office in 1961).</LI>
<LI>First President (along with <A href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</A>) to participate in televised <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election debates">Presidential debates</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-ChiDebates_170-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ChiDebates-170">[170]</A></SUP> He took part in four televised debates in 1960.</LI>
<LI>First President to have been a <A href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scout</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Vecchione.2C_101_48-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Vecchione.2C_101-48">[48]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be awarded a <A href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-ComplexJFK_171-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ComplexJFK-171">[171]</A></SUP> He won the <A href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Biography_or_Autobiography" title="Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography">Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography</A> in 1957, for his biographical work <I><A href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage" title="Profiles in Courage">Profiles in Courage</A></I>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have previously served in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Political_Lists_pg._15_151-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Political_Lists_pg._15-151">[151]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-ComplexJFK_171-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ComplexJFK-171">[171]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to earn a <A href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-ComplexJFK_171-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ComplexJFK-171">[171]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First sitting President to have a brother serve in the Senate (<A href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</A>) and another brother (<A href="/wiki/Robert_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Kennedy">Robert Kennedy</A>) serve in the Cabinet.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be survived by both his parents. Kennedy died in 1963. His father <A href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.">Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.</A> outlived him for six years, dying in 1969. His mother <A href="/wiki/Rose_Fitzgerald_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy">Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy</A> outlived him for more than three decades, dying in 1995.<SUP id="cite_ref-PrezParents_36-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-PrezParents-36">[36]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President who died on the <A href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">same date as his assassination attempt occurred</A>.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) Democrat President to be assassinated.</LI>
<LI>First President to use the <A href="/wiki/White_House_Situation_Room" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Situation Room">Situation Room</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-172">[172]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First sitting President to visit <A href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-173">[173]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive a <A href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</A> (awarded posthumously on December 6, 1963).</LI>
<LI>First President to receive the <A href="/wiki/Navy_and_Marine_Corps_Medal" title="Navy and Marine Corps Medal">Navy and Marine Corps Medal</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Lyndon_B._Johnson_(1963-1969)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Lyndon_B._Johnson_.281963-1969.29"><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</A> (1963-1969)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office,_November_1963.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg/180px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg" width="180" height="142" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg/270px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg/360px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2374" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office,_November_1963.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson became the first President to be inaugurated on an airplane and the first President to be sworn in by a woman. The inauguration is shown in the photo above.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<UL>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be <A href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">inaugurated</A> on an airplane.<SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP> His inauguration was held aboard <A href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</A> in 1963.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be sworn in by a woman (<A href="/wiki/Sarah_T._Hughes" title="Sarah T. Hughes">Sarah T. Hughes</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">First sitting President to visit</A> <A href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</A>, <A href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</A>, <A href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</A>, <A href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</A>, <A href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</A>, <A href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-174">[174]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to win <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1964" title="United States presidential election, 1964">the popular vote</A> by more than 15 million votes.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than 40 million votes in a single election. He received 43,127,041 votes in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1964" title="United States presidential election, 1964">1964 election</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to ride to and from his inauguration in a bullet-proof limousine (to and from his <A href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">second inauguration</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to appoint an African-American (<A href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</A>) to the <A href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-175">[175]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to appoint an African-American (<A href="/wiki/Robert_C._Weaver" title="Robert C. Weaver">Robert C. Weaver</A>) to a Cabinet post.<SUP id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-176">[176]</A></SUP> Weaver was appointed the first <A href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</A> in 1966.</LI>
<LI>First President to have been party leader in the United States Senate, having been Minority Leader from 1953-1955 and Majority Leader from 1955-1961.<SUP id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-177">[177]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have served as <A href="/wiki/Senate_Majority_Whip" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Majority Whip">Senate Majority Whip</A>, having served in that office from 1951-1953.<SUP id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-178">[178]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive the <A href="/wiki/Silver_Star" title="Silver Star">Silver Star</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</A> and a <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</A>.</LI>
<LI>First (and only) President to serve during the reign of Queen <A href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</A> but not to have met her.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Richard_Nixon_(1969-1974)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Richard_Nixon_.281969-1974.29"><A href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</A> (1969-1974)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Richard Nixon (1969-1974)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) Vice-President who did not immediately succeed his President (Dwight Eisenhower). He served as Vice-President from 1953 to 1961. He ran to succeed Eisenhower in 1960 but lost the general election. He was first elected President in 1968 and took office in 1969.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be elected twice to both the Presidency (1968 and 1972) and Vice-Presidency (1952 and 1956).</LI>
<LI>First President (along with Kennedy) to participate in <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_debates" title="United States presidential debates">televised Presidential debates</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-ChiDebates_170-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ChiDebates-170">[170]</A></SUP> He participated in four televised debates in 1960.</LI>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</A>.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#Richard_M._Nixon" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">First sitting President to visit</A> the <A href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</A>, <A href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</A>, <A href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</A>, <A href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</A>, <A href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-179">[179]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-180">[180]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to resign from the Presidency.<SUP id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-181">[181]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon#Nixon_resigns" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">resignation of Nixon</A> in 1974, was a result of the <A href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</A>. There were efforts by the <A href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</A> to <A href="/wiki/Impeachment_process_of_Richard_Nixon" class="mw-redirect" title="Impeachment process of Richard Nixon">impeach the President</A> for <A href="/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice" title="Obstruction of justice">obstruction of justice</A>, <A href="/wiki/Abuse_of_power" title="Abuse of power">abuse of power</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Contempt_of_Congress" title="Contempt of Congress">contempt of Congress</A>. Nixon had also lost the support of his own party.<SUP id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-182">[182]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to appoint a Vice President under Section 2 of the <A href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution</A>.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be pardoned by another President (Gerald Ford).<SUP id="cite_ref-IPLFord_183-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-IPLFord-183">[183]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Pardon of Richard Nixon">Pardon of Richard Nixon</A> in 1974, gave Nixon a full and unconditional pardon for any crimes he might have committed against the United States while president.<SUP id="cite_ref-pardonspeech_184-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-pardonspeech-184">[184]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-pardonimage_185-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-pardonimage-185">[185]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-auto_186-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-auto-186">[186]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive the <A href="/wiki/Navy_and_Marine_Corps_Commendation_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal">Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than 45 million votes in a single election. He received 47,168,710 votes in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1972" title="United States presidential election, 1972">1972 election</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to meet an <A href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</A>, having met <A href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</A> in 1971.<SUP id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-187">[187]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be named <A href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Time Person of the Year</A> for <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1972" title="United States presidential election, 1972">his reelection</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Gerald_Ford_(1974-1977)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Gerald_Ford_.281974-1977.29"><A href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</A> (1974-1977)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Gerald Ford (1974-1977)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Ford_sworn-in.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ford_sworn-in.jpg/180px-Ford_sworn-in.jpg" width="180" height="120" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ford_sworn-in.jpg/270px-Ford_sworn-in.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ford_sworn-in.jpg/360px-Ford_sworn-in.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6366" data-file-height="4258" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Ford_sworn-in.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Gerald Ford, here being sworn in by <A href="/wiki/Warren_Burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren Burger">Warren Burger</A>, was the first man to ascend to the Presidency without being elected to either the offices of the President or Vice-President.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<UL>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President from <A href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</A>.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) Vice-President to ascend to the Presidency by the resignation of his predecessor.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to ascend to the Presidency without being elected to either the offices of the President or Vice-President.<SUP id="cite_ref-Info_Please_55-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Info_Please-55">[55]</A></SUP> He was appointed Vice-President in 1973 to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of <A href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</A>. He succeeded President <A href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</A> in 1974, following the <A href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon#Nixon_resigns" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">resignation of Nixon</A>.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to succeed to the office under the <A href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution</A>, which codified the previously established precedent of the Vice President succeeding to the presidency.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be an <A href="/wiki/Eagle_Scout_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)">Eagle Scout</A><SUP id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-188">[188]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive the <A href="/wiki/Distinguished_Eagle_Scout_Award" title="Distinguished Eagle Scout Award">Distinguished Eagle Scout Award</A>.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#Gerald_Ford" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">First sitting President to visit</A> <A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</A> and <A href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</A> while in office.<SUP id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-189">[189]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to pardon another President (Richard Nixon).<SUP id="cite_ref-IPLFord_183-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-IPLFord-183">[183]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Pardon of Richard Nixon">Pardon of Richard Nixon</A> in 1974, gave Nixon a full and unconditional pardon for any crimes he might have committed against the United States while president.<SUP id="cite_ref-pardonspeech_184-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-pardonspeech-184">[184]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-pardonimage_185-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-pardonimage-185">[185]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-auto_186-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-auto-186">[186]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to release a full report of his <A href="/wiki/General_medical_examination" title="General medical examination">medical checkup</A> to the public.<SUP id="cite_ref-IPLFord_183-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-IPLFord-183">[183]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to serve as <A href="/wiki/House_Minority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="House Minority Leader">House Minority Leader</A>, having served in that office from 1965-1973.<SUP id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-190">[190]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to serve as <A href="/wiki/Republican_Conference_Chairman_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Republican Conference Chairman of the United States House of Representatives">Republican Conference Chairman of the United States House of Representatives</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-191">[191]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Jimmy_Carter_(1977-1981)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Jimmy_Carter_.281977-1981.29"><A href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</A> (1977-1981)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</A>.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#Jimmy_Carter" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">First sitting President to visit</A> <A href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-192">[192]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President born in a hospital.<SUP id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-193">[193]</A></SUP> He was born in the <A href="/wiki/Lillian_G._Carter_Nursing_Center" title="Lillian G. Carter Nursing Center">Wise Sanitarium</A> of <A href="/wiki/Plains,_Georgia" title="Plains, Georgia">Plains, Georgia</A>, in 1924.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to attend the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">United States Naval Academy</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to use a <A href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">nickname</A> in an official capacity.<SUP id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-194">[194]</A></SUP> His actual name is James Earl Carter Jr, but he is better known by the nickname Jimmy Carter.</LI>
<LI>First President to receive the <A href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have separate <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretaries of Health and Human Services</A> and <A href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Education</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to mark the 40th anniversary of his <A href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Inauguration of Jimmy Carter">inauguration</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have hosted an official <A href="/wiki/List_of_meetings_between_the_Pope_and_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of meetings between the Pope and the President of the United States">papal visit</A> at the <A href="/wiki/White_house" class="mw-redirect" title="White house">White house</A>. In 1979, <A href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</A> became the first <A href="/wiki/Pontiff" title="Pontiff">pontiff</A> to visit a sitting President at the White House.<SUP id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-195">[195]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-196">[196]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Ronald_Reagan_(1981-1989)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Ronald_Reagan_.281981-1989.29"><A href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</A> (1981-1989)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-197">[197]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1984" title="United States presidential election, 1984">fifty million popular votes</A> in a single election.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTElections_40-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTElections-40">[40]</A></SUP> He received 54,455,472 votes in the 1984 election.</LI>
<LI>First President to be elected over the age of 70, as he was 73 when he was reelected in 1984.<SUP id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-198">[198]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have been divorced.<SUP id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-199">[199]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Trump-CBS_200-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Trump-CBS-200">[200]</A></SUP> He divorced his first wife <A href="/wiki/Jane_Wyman" title="Jane Wyman">Jane Wyman</A> in 1949.</LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to have been a professional <A href="/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">actor</A>.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></LI>
<LI>First (and, to date, only) President to be the head of a <A href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">union</A> (the <A href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-201">[201]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be <A href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="First inauguration of Ronald Reagan">inaugurated</A> at the West Front of the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Capitol Building">United States Capitol Building</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-202">[202]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#Ronald_Reagan" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">First sitting President to visit</A> <A href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</A>, <A href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to appoint a woman to the <A href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</A> (<A href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</A>).</LI>
<LI>First sitting President to visit the <A href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</A>, on March 28, 1985.<SUP id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-203">[203]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First serving President to address a joint sitting of the <A href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">British Parliament</A> (House of Commons and House of Lords) on June 8, 1982.<SUP id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-204">[204]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to invoke Section 3 of the <A href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution</A>.</LI>
<LI>First sitting President to attend and open the <A href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</A> (the <A href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Summer Olympics</A> in <A href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-205">[205]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First living President to be awarded the <A href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</A> and the first to be Awarded with Distinction.</LI>
<LI>First President to have served in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have a star on the <A href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-206">[206]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive a <A href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</A>. He received the Hollywood Citizenship Award at the <A href="/wiki/14th_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="14th Golden Globe Awards">14th Golden Globe Awards</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to serve two full terms with a House of Representatives controlled by the opposing party.</LI>
<LI>First President to nominate a <A href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic-American</A> (<A href="/wiki/Lauro_Cavazos" title="Lauro Cavazos">Lauro Cavazos</A>) to a Cabinet post. Cavazos was appointed <A href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">United States Secretary of Education</A> in 1988.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="George_H._W._Bush_(1989-1993)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="George_H._W._Bush_.281989-1993.29"><A href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</A> (1989-1993)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: George H. W. Bush (1989-1993)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First Vice-President to have served as <A href="/wiki/Acting_President_of_the_United_States" title="Acting President of the United States">Acting President</A> (when Reagan was sedated for eight hours due to colon surgery).<SUP id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-207">[207]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#George_H._W._Bush" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">First sitting President to visit</A> <A href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</A>, <A href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</A>, <A href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</A>, <A href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</A>, and the <A href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</A>, as well as reunified <A href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-208">[208]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-209">[209]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have served as <A href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</A> (having served in the predecessor office of <A href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</A>)<SUP id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-210">[210]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-211">[211]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-212">[212]</A></SUP> or <A href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">United States Ambassador to the United Nations</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-213">[213]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First serving President to address a joint sitting of the <A href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Australian Parliament</A> (House of Representatives and Senate) in 1992 in reciprocation of the first address of a joint sitting of Congress by an Australian Prime Minister (<A href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Robert James Lee "Bob" Hawke</A>) in <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/FlagPost/2011/November/Addresses_to_joint_meetings_of_the_Australian_Parliament">1988</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have been a naval aviator.<SUP id="cite_ref-airspacemag.com_161-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airspacemag.com-161">[161]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to receive the <A href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Cross</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Air_Medal" title="Air Medal">Air Medal</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have been married for more than 70 years. (George and <A href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</A> surpassed <A href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John</A> and <A href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</A>, married for 54 years, as the longest-married presidential couple in 2000.)<SUP id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-214">[214]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to serve as Chairman of the <A href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committee</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to serve as a diplomat to China, having served as <A href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_China" title="United States Ambassador to China">Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office to the People's Republic of China</A> from 1974 to 1975.</LI>
<LI>First President whose son (<A href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</A>) was <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2004" title="United States presidential election, 2004">reelected President</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Bill_Clinton_(1993-2001)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Bill_Clinton_.281993-2001.29"><A href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</A> (1993-2001)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Bill Clinton (1993-2001)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</A>.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#Bill_Clinton" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">First sitting President to visit</A> <A href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</A>, <A href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</A>, <A href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</A>, <A href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</A>, <A href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</A>, <A href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</A>, <A href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</A>, <A href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</A>, <A href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</A>, <A href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</A>, <A href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</A>, <A href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</A>, <A href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Republic_of_Macedonia" title="Republic of Macedonia">Republic of Macedonia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</A>, <A href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</A>, <A href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</A>, <A href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</A>, <A href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</A>, <A href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</A>, <A href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</A>, as well as the <A href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</A> and reunited Vietnam.<SUP id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-215">[215]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-216">[216]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to send an <A href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to earn a <A href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholarship</A> to attend the <A href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President whose inauguration was streamed on the <A href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-InaugSen_18-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-InaugSen-18">[18]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to win a <A href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</A>. He received the <A href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album_for_Children" title="Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children">Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children</A> for <I><A href="/wiki/Wolf_Tracks_and_Peter_and_the_Wolf" title="Wolf Tracks and Peter and the Wolf">Prokofiev: Peter and the Wolf/Beintus: Wolf Tracks</A></I> at the <A href="/wiki/46th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="46th Annual Grammy Awards">46th Annual Grammy Awards</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to be made a Grand Companion of the Papua New Guinean <A href="/wiki/Order_of_Logohu" title="Order of Logohu">Order of Logohu</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to appoint an Asian-American to a Cabinet post. <A href="/wiki/Norman_Mineta" title="Norman Mineta">Norman Mineta</A> was appointed <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</A> by President Clinton in 2000.<SUP id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-217">[217]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First sitting President to visit reunified <A href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</A> and walk through the <A href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate" title="Brandenburg Gate">Brandenburg Gate</A> on July 12, 1994<SUP id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-218">[218]</A></SUP>, and to visit former <A href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</A> (other than former <A href="/wiki/East_Berlin" title="East Berlin">East Berlin</A>) in May 1998.<SUP id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-219">[219]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have been Chair of the <A href="/wiki/National_Governors_Association" title="National Governors Association">National Governors Association</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have a spouse who was elected senator.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="George_W._Bush_(2001-2009)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="George_W._Bush_.282001-2009.29"><A href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</A> (2001-2009)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: George W. Bush (2001-2009)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President born in <A href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to serve in the <A href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">Air National Guard</A>.</LI>
<LI>First president to have an <A href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">M.B.A.</A> degree.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#George_W._Bush" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">First sitting President to visit</A> <A href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</A>, <A href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</A>, <A href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</A>, <A href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</A>, <A href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</A>, <A href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</A>, <A href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</A>, the <A href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to have State of the Union live broadcast on the <A href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-220">[220]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have served in the military during the <A href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</A>, where he performed stateside service.</LI>
<LI>First President to invoke Section 3 of the <A href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution</A> twice.</LI>
<LI>First President to have had a <A href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to lose the popular vote in <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2000" title="United States presidential election, 2000">his first election</A> but win the popular vote in <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2004" title="United States presidential election, 2004">his reelection</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than 60 million votes in a single election. He received 62,040,610 votes in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2004" title="United States presidential election, 2004">2004 election</A>.</LI>
<LI>First sitting President to open the <A href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympic Games</A> (the <A href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Winter Olympics</A> in <A href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-221">[221]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First sitting President to attend any <A href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</A> in a foreign country (the <A href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</A> in <A href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-222">[222]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to leave office with both parents alive.<SUP id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-223">[223]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be elected without winning a Northeastern state. Though he carried the state of <A href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</A> in <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2000" title="United States presidential election, 2000">his first election</A>, he did not carry any Northeastern states in <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2004" title="United States presidential election, 2004">his reelection</A>.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><SPAN title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (March 2017)">original research?</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be named <A href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Time Person of the Year</A> for both of his presidential elections. He was named <A href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Time Person of the Year</A> when he was <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2000" title="United States presidential election, 2000">first elected</A> and <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2004" title="United States presidential election, 2004">reelected</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Barack_Obama_(2009-2017)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Barack_Obama_.282009-2017.29"><A href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</A> (2009-2017)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Barack Obama (2009-2017)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President born outside of the <A href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">48 contiguous states</A> and first born in <A href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-224">[224]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First <A href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African-American</A> to serve as President.<SUP id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-225">[225]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First <A href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">multiracial American</A> to serve as President.<SUP id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-226">[226]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to publicly endorse <A href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-227">[227]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have a Catholic Vice President (<A href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-228">[228]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to appoint a <A href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic-American</A> to the <A href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</A> (<A href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-229">[229]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to appoint multiple women to the Supreme Court, and first to appoint only women to the Supreme Court (<A href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</A> and <A href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</A>).</LI>
<LI>First President to visit a <A href="/wiki/Federal_prison" title="Federal prison">federal prison</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-230">[230]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to visit <A href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-231">[231]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to be awarded the <A href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</A> within the first year of his presidency.<SUP id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-232">[232]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First sitting President to publish a <A href="/wiki/Scientific_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific article">scientific paper</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-233">[233]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#Barack_Obama" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">First sitting President to visit</A> <A href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</A>, <A href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</A>, <A href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</A>, <A href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</A>.</LI>
<LI>First sitting President to visit the <A href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald concentration camp</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-234">[234]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have his official photograph portrait taken with a digital camera.<SUP id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-235">[235]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have been keynote speaker at the <A href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</A>.</LI>
<LI>First President to receive more than 65 million votes in a single election. He received 69,498,516 votes in the <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2008" title="United States presidential election, 2008">2008 election</A>.</LI>
<LI>First <A href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African-American</A> to be re-elected President.</LI>
<LI>First <A href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">multiracial American</A> to be re-elected President.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN id="Donald_Trump_(2017-present)"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Donald_Trump_.282017-present.29"><A href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</A> (2017-present)</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Donald Trump (2017-present)">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>First President to reach the age of 70 prior to taking office.<SUP id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-236">[236]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to assume the office without any prior military or any political experience.<SUP id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-237">[237]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-238">[238]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have been a <A href="/wiki/Billionaire" title="Billionaire">billionaire</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-239">[239]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to divorce more than once. He divorced his first wife <A href="/wiki/Ivana_Trump" title="Ivana Trump">Ivana Trump</A> in 1992, and divorced his second wife <A href="/wiki/Marla_Maples" title="Marla Maples">Marla Maples</A> in 1999.<SUP id="cite_ref-Trump-CBS_200-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Trump-CBS-200">[200]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have children from three different wives.<SUP id="cite_ref-Trump-CBS_200-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Trump-CBS-200">[200]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to have a female <A href="/wiki/Campaign_manager" title="Campaign manager">campaign manager</A> (<A href="/wiki/Kellyanne_Conway" title="Kellyanne Conway">Kellyanne Conway</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-240">[240]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First sitting President to visit the <A href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-241">[241]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to <A href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump#LGBT_issues" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">openly support</A> <A href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</A> prior to entering office.<SUP id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-242">[242]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to appoint an Indian-American to a cabinet-level position (<A href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Nikki Haley</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-243">[243]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First President to begin tenure with a net negative <A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_approval_rating" title="United States presidential approval rating">approval rating</A> in the history of modern political polling.<SUP id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-244">[244]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>First sitting President to attend the <A href="/wiki/Bastille_Day_Military_Parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastille Day Military Parade">Bastille Day Celebrations</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-245">[245]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_First_Lady_firsts" title="List of United States First Lady firsts">List of United States First Lady firsts</A></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-PresidentsDayFun-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-PresidentsDayFun_1-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-PresidentsDayFun_1-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><I>President's Day Fun</I>. p. 10.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=President%27s+Day+Fun&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=10&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><I>The Book of Political Lists, from the editors of George</I>. 1998. p. 22.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Political+Lists%2C+from+the+editors+of+George&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=22&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-3"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE id="CITEREFUnger2013" class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/Harlow_Unger" title="Harlow Unger">Unger, Harlow Giles</A> (2013). <I>"Mr. President" George Washington and the Making of the Nation's Highest Office</I>. Boston: Da Capo Press, A Member of the Perseus Book Group. pp. 61, 146. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82241-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82241-4">978-0-306-82241-4</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Harlow+Giles&rft.aulast=Unger&rft.btitle=%22Mr.+President%22+George+Washington+and+the+Making+of+the+Nation%27s+Highest+Office&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-306-82241-4&rft.pages=61%2C+146&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press%2C+A+Member+of+the+Perseus+Book+Group&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE id="CITEREFEllis2004" class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/Joseph_Ellis" title="Joseph Ellis">Ellis, Joseph J.</A> (2004). <I><A href="/wiki/His_Excellency:_George_Washington" title="His Excellency: George Washington">His Excellency: George Washington</A></I>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4000-4031-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-4000-4031-0">1-4000-4031-0</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Joseph+J.&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.btitle=His+Excellency%3A+George+Washington&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-4000-4031-0&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Kohn, Richard H. (December 1972). "The Washington Administration's Decision to Crush the Whiskey Rebellion". <I><A href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_American_History" title="The Journal of American History">The Journal of American History</A></I>. <B>59</B> (3): 567–584. <A href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1900658">1900658</A>. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.2307%2F1900658">10.2307/1900658</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=The+Washington+Administration%27s+Decision+to+Crush+the+Whiskey+Rebellion&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.&rft.aulast=Kohn&rft.date=1972-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+History&rft.pages=567-584&rft.volume=59&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1900658&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1900658&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-adherents.Washington-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-adherents.Washington_6-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adherents.com/people/pw/George_Washington.html">"The Religion of George Washington"</A>. adherents.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2008-09-19</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=The+Religion+of+George+Washington&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=adherents.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adherents.com%2Fpeople%2Fpw%2FGeorge_Washington.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Book_of_Political_Lists.2C_pg._5-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Book_of_Political_Lists.2C_pg._5_7-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Book_of_Political_Lists.2C_pg._5_7-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Book_of_Political_Lists.2C_pg._5_7-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Book_of_Political_Lists.2C_pg._5_7-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists</I>, pg. 5</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-8"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060410054833/https://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/chrono.html">"Submarine Chronology"</A>. <I>www.navy.mil</I>. Submarine Warfare Division (US Navy). Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/chrono.html">the original</A> on April 10, 2006<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 24,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Submarine+Chronology&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.navy.mil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navy.mil%2Fnavydata%2Fcno%2Fn87%2Fhistory%2Fchrono.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Robert P. Watson (ed.). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8e20o_p6cwgC&pg=PA18&dq=%22The+first+presidential+couple+to+live+in+the+building+was+John+and+Abigail+Adams,+who+moved+into+the+unfinished%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8ZwcVMvNM8XdoASBg4FY&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22The%20first%20presidential%20couple%20to%20live%20in%20the%20building%20was%20John%20and%20Abigail%20Adams%2C%20who%20moved%20into%20the%20unfinished%22&f=false"><I>Life in the White House: A Social History of the First Family and the President's House</I></A>. p. 18.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Life+in+the+White+House%3A+A+Social+History+of+the+First+Family+and+the+President%27s+House&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8e20o_p6cwgC%26pg%3DPA18%26dq%3D%2522The%2Bfirst%2Bpresidential%2Bcouple%2Bto%2Blive%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bbuilding%2Bwas%2BJohn%2Band%2BAbigail%2BAdams%2C%2Bwho%2Bmoved%2Binto%2Bthe%2Bunfinished%2522%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D8ZwcVMvNM8XdoASBg4FY%26ved%3D0CB0Q6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522The%2520first%2520presidential%2520couple%2520to%2520live%2520in%2520the%2520building%2520was%2520John%2520and%2520Abigail%2520Adams%252C%2520who%2520moved%2520into%2520the%2520unfinished%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ktR1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20&dq=Vice-Presidents+who+became+President+Adams+Jefferson+Tyler&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Q58cVP3IBJCrogSbzIEo&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Vice-Presidents%20who%20became%20President%20Adams%20Jefferson%20Tyler&f=false"><I>American Political Leaders 1789-2009</I></A>. CQ Press. 2009.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=American+Political+Leaders+1789-2009&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DktR1AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA20%26dq%3DVice-Presidents%2Bwho%2Bbecame%2BPresident%2BAdams%2BJefferson%2BTyler%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DQ58cVP3IBJCrogSbzIEo%26ved%3D0CDAQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DVice-Presidents%2520who%2520became%2520President%2520Adams%2520Jefferson%2520Tyler%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-PrezTriviaFortyNine-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-PrezTriviaFortyNine_11-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-PrezTriviaFortyNine_11-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Richard Lederer. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SEjFr9rSunwC&pg=PA49&dq=Presidents+who+went+to+Ivy+League+John+Adams&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BKAcVO_nCY_soATBl4CoBg&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Presidents%20who%20went%20to%20Ivy%20League%20John%20Adams&f=false"><I>Presidential Trivia</I></A>. p. 49.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Richard+Lederer&rft.btitle=Presidential+Trivia&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=49&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSEjFr9rSunwC%26pg%3DPA49%26dq%3DPresidents%2Bwho%2Bwent%2Bto%2BIvy%2BLeague%2BJohn%2BAdams%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DBKAcVO_nCY_soATBl4CoBg%26ved%3D0CCMQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DPresidents%2520who%2520went%2520to%2520Ivy%2520League%2520John%2520Adams%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-12"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2008/11/05/barack-obama-the-uss-44th-president-and-24th-lawyer-president/">"Barack Obama: The U.S.'s 44th President (and 25th Lawyer-President!)"</A>. Wall Street Journal. 2008-11-05.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Barack+Obama%3A+The+U.S.%27s+44th+President+%28and+25th+Lawyer-President%21%29&rft.date=2008-11-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Wall+Street+Journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Flaw%2F2008%2F11%2F05%2Fbarack-obama-the-uss-44th-president-and-24th-lawyer-president%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Political_Lists_pg._17-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Political_Lists_pg._17_13-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Political_Lists_pg._17_13-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists</I>, pg. 17</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-PrezWhoAreVets-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-PrezWhoAreVets_14-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.va.gov/health/NewsFeatures/20110221a.asp">"Military Roots: Presidents who were Veterans"</A>. U.S. Department of Veterans' Affairs.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Military+Roots%3A+Presidents+who+were+Veterans&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Veterans%27+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.va.gov%2Fhealth%2FNewsFeatures%2F20110221a.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-15"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hauensteincenter.org/slaveholding/">"Slaveholding Presidents"</A>. Hauenstein Center for Presidential Studies, <A href="/wiki/Grand_Valley_State_University" title="Grand Valley State University">Grand Valley State University</A>. May 29, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 25,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Slaveholding+Presidents&rft.date=2012-05-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Hauenstein+Center+for+Presidential+Studies%2C+Grand+Valley+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhauensteincenter.org%2Fslaveholding%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Political_Lists_pg._60-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Political_Lists_pg._60_16-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Political_Lists_pg._60_16-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists</I>, pg. 60</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Infoplease.com-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Infoplease.com_17-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Infoplease.com_17-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Frantz, Christine; Rowen, Beth. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/spot/inauguralincident.html">"Inaugural Trivia Firsts and facts about presidential inaugurations"</A>. Infoplease.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 26,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Rowen%2C+Beth&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.aulast=Frantz&rft.btitle=Inaugural+Trivia+Firsts+and+facts+about+presidential+inaugurations&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Infoplease.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fspot%2Finauguralincident.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-InaugSen-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-6"><SUP><I><B>g</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-7"><SUP><I><B>h</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-8"><SUP><I><B>i</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-9"><SUP><I><B>j</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-10"><SUP><I><B>k</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-11"><SUP><I><B>l</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-12"><SUP><I><B>m</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-InaugSen_18-13"><SUP><I><B>n</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inaugural.senate.gov/about/past-inaugural-ceremonies/6th-inaugural-ceremonies">"THE 6th PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATION"</A>. <I>Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies</I>. Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 1/5/2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=THE+6th+PRESIDENTIAL+INAUGURATION&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Joint+Congressional+Committee+on+Inaugural+Ceremonies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inaugural.senate.gov%2Fabout%2Fpast-inaugural-ceremonies%2F6th-inaugural-ceremonies&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> <SPAN style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Check date values in: <CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</CODE> (<A href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Veto-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Veto_19-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Veto_19-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Veto_19-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Veto_19-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Veto_19-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Veto_19-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Veto_19-6"><SUP><I><B>g</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Veto_19-7"><SUP><I><B>h</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Veto_19-8"><SUP><I><B>i</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Veto_19-9"><SUP><I><B>j</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Veto_19-10"><SUP><I><B>k</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/presvetoes17891988.pdf">"Presidential Vetos, 1789-1988"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1992. p. ix.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidential+Vetos%2C+1789-1988&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=ix&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Freference%2Fresources%2Fpdf%2Fpresvetoes17891988.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-20"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/adams/peopleevents/p_adamskids.html">"The Adams Children"</A>. <I>American Experience</I>. PBS<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">20 July</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=The+Adams+Children&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Experience&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famex%2Fadams%2Fpeopleevents%2Fp_adamskids.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-NelsonSixteenFiftyThree-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-NelsonSixteenFiftyThree_21-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NelsonSixteenFiftyThree_21-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Michael Nelson (ed.). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4iNzAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1653&dq=John+Adams+first+President+defeated+for+re-election&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kJ4cVJWNMoTgoASizYG4DQ&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=John%20Adams%20first%20President%20defeated%20for%20re-election&f=false"><I>Guide to the Presidency and the Executive Branch</I></A>. p. 1653.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Presidency+and+the+Executive+Branch&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=1653&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4iNzAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1653%26dq%3DJohn%2BAdams%2Bfirst%2BPresident%2Bdefeated%2Bfor%2Bre-election%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DkJ4cVJWNMoTgoASizYG4DQ%26ved%3D0CDMQ6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DJohn%2520Adams%2520first%2520President%2520defeated%2520for%2520re-election%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-22"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.htmll">"Declaration of Independence"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Declaration+of+Independence&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fexhibits%2Fcharters%2Fdeclaration_transcript.htmll&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-23"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-23"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Frantz, Christine1; Rowen, Beth. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/spot/inauguralincident.html">"Inaugural Trivia Firsts and facts about presidential inaugurations"</A>. Infoplease.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 26,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Rowen%2C+Beth&rft.aufirst=Christine1&rft.aulast=Frantz&rft.btitle=Inaugural+Trivia+Firsts+and+facts+about+presidential+inaugurations&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Infoplease.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fspot%2Finauguralincident.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-24"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-24"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Robert P. Watson (ed.). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=8e20o_p6wgC&pg=PA18&dq=%22The+first+presidential+couple+to+live+in+the+building+was+John+and+Abigail+Adams,+who+moved+into+the+unfinished%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8ZwcVMvNM8XdoASBg4FY&ved+=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22The%20first%20presidential%20couple%20to%20live%20in%20the%20building%20was%20John%20and%20Abigail%20Adams%2%20who%20moved%20into%20the%20unfinished%22&f=false"><I>Life in the White House: A Social History of the First Family and the President's House</I></A>. p. 18.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Life+in+the+White+House%3A+A+Social+History+of+the+First+Family+and+the+President%27s+House&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%253Fid%3D8e20o_p6wgC%26pg%3DPA18%26dq%3D%2522The%2Bfirst%2Bpresidential%2Bcouple%2Bto%2Blive%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bbuilding%2Bwas%2BJohn%2Band%2BAbigail%2BAdams%2C%2Bwho%2Bmoved%2Binto%2Bthe%2Bunfinished%2522%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D8ZwcVMvNM8XdoASBg4FY%26ved%2B%3D0CB0Q6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522The%2520first%2520presidential%2520couple%2520to%2520live%2520in%2520the%2520building%2520was%2520John%2520and%2520Abigail%2520Adams%252%2520who%2520moved%2520into%2520the%2520unfinished%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-25"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-25"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/ist/?next=/history/why-do-secretaries-state-make-such-terrible-presidential-candidates-180952327/">"Why Do Secretaries of State Make Such Terrible Presidential Candidates?"</A>. Smithsonian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Why+Do+Secretaries+of+State+Make+Such+Terrible+Presidential+Candidates%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Smithsonian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fist%2F%3Fnext%3D%2Fhistory%2Fwhy-do-secretaries-state-make-such-terrible-presidential-candidates-180952327%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-26"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-26"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Presidential Trivia, pg. 48</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Presidential_Trivia.2C_pg._147-27"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Presidential_Trivia.2C_pg._147_27-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Presidential Trivia, pg. 147</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-28"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-28"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Laurence H. Tribe and Thomas M. Rollins (October 1980). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/80oct/deadlock.htm">"Deadlock: What Happens if Nobody Wins"</A>. <I>The Atlantic</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Deadlock%3A+What+Happens+if+Nobody+Wins&rft.date=1980-10&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpast%2Fdocs%2Fissues%2F80oct%2Fdeadlock.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Uses_authors_parameter" title="Category:CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter">link</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-29"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-29"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Glen Vecchione (2007). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n27rzCedDy8C&pg=PA101&dq=Andrew+Jackson+first+President+to+kill+man+in+duel&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oLshVKWSIM3noATQhoFQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Andrew%20Jackson%20first%20President%20to%20kill%20man%20in%20duel&f=false"><I>The Little Giant Book of American Presidents</I></A>. p. 101.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Glen+Vecchione&rft.btitle=The+Little+Giant+Book+of+American+Presidents&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=101&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn27rzCedDy8C%26pg%3DPA101%26dq%3DAndrew%2BJackson%2Bfirst%2BPresident%2Bto%2Bkill%2Bman%2Bin%2Bduel%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DoLshVKWSIM3noATQhoFQ%26ved%3D0CB0Q6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAndrew%2520Jackson%2520first%2520President%2520to%2520kill%2520man%2520in%2520duel%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-30"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-30"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html">"The Charters of Freedom: The United States Constitution"</A>. <A href="/wiki/United_States_National_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Archives">United States National Archives</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=The+Charters+of+Freedom%3A+The+United+States+Constitution&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+National+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fexhibits%2Fcharters%2Fconstitution.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-31"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-31"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uvamagazine.org/articles/1817_the_first_meeting_of_the_board_of_visitors">"1817: The First Meeting of the Board of Visitors"</A>. <I>University of Virginia Magazine</I>. UVA Alumni Association. Fall 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 25,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>. <Q>In March 1819, Thomas Jefferson was appointed the University’s first rector. (Madison was the second. <A href="/wiki/Edwin_Alderman" title="Edwin Alderman">Edwin Alderman</A> was the first President of UVA - see <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i68VAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA38#v=onepage&q&f=false">History of the University of Virginia, 1819-1919 by Philip Alexander Bruce</A>)</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=1817%3A+The+First+Meeting+of+the+Board+of+Visitors&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Virginia+Magazine&rft.ssn=fall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuvamagazine.org%2Farticles%2F1817_the_first_meeting_of_the_board_of_visitors&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-32"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-32"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists</I>, pg. 18</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-33"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-33"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists</I>, pg. 29</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-34"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-34"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-of-american-wars.com/">"History of American Wars: Three Centuries of American Wars"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=History+of+American+Wars%3A+Three+Centuries+of+American+Wars&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history-of-american-wars.com%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-35"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-35"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipl.org/div/potus/jmadison.html">"James Madison"</A>. iSchool at Drexel, College of Information Science and Technology.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=James+Madison&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=iSchool+at+Drexel%2C+College+of+Information+Science+and+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipl.org%2Fdiv%2Fpotus%2Fjmadison.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-PrezParents-36"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-PrezParents_36-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-PrezParents_36-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-PrezParents_36-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-PrezParents_36-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-PrezParents_36-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-PrezParents_36-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-PrezParents_36-6"><SUP><I><B>g</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidentsparents.com/parents-at-the-inaugurations.html">"Presidents' Parents"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Parents&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidentsparents.com%2Fparents-at-the-inaugurations.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-37"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-37"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists</I>, pg. 19</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-whitehousehistory.org-38"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-whitehousehistory.org_38-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-whitehousehistory.org_38-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-whitehousehistory.org_38-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousehistory.org/history/white-house-facts-trivia/facts-white-house-weddings.html">"Wedding Ceremonies held at the White House"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Wedding+Ceremonies+held+at+the+White+House&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fhistory%2Fwhite-house-facts-trivia%2Ffacts-white-house-weddings.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-BoysLifeFastFacts-39"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-6"><SUP><I><B>g</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-7"><SUP><I><B>h</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-BoysLifeFastFacts_39-8"><SUP><I><B>i</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gv8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA12&dq=James+Monroe+first+president+ride+steamboat&hl=en&sa=X&ei=esgdVI3cLI26ogTh74L4Cw&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=James%20Monroe%20first%20president%20ride%20steamboat&f=false">"Fast Facts: Hail to the Chief"</A>. <I>Boy's Life</I>. Feb 1998.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Fast+Facts%3A+Hail+to+the+Chief&rft.date=1998-02&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boy%27s+Life&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGv8DAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA12%26dq%3DJames%2BMonroe%2Bfirst%2Bpresident%2Bride%2Bsteamboat%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DesgdVI3cLI26ogTh74L4Cw%26ved%3D0CDoQ6AEwBQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DJames%2520Monroe%2520first%2520president%2520ride%2520steamboat%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-NYTElections-40"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-6"><SUP><I><B>g</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-7"><SUP><I><B>h</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-8"><SUP><I><B>i</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-9"><SUP><I><B>j</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-10"><SUP><I><B>k</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-11"><SUP><I><B>l</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-12"><SUP><I><B>m</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-13"><SUP><I><B>n</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-14"><SUP><I><B>o</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-15"><SUP><I><B>p</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-16"><SUP><I><B>q</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-NYTElections_40-17"><SUP><I><B>r</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><I>2001 New York Times Almanac</I>. New York Times. 2001. pp. 102–114.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=2001+New+York+Times+Almanac&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=102-114&rft.pub=New+York+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-41"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-41"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/johnquincyadams">"About the Presidents: John Quincy Adams"</A>. WhiteHouse.gov.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=About+the+Presidents%3A+John+Quincy+Adams&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=WhiteHouse.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fabout%2Fpresidents%2Fjohnquincyadams&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Presidential_Trivia.2C_pg._48-42"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Presidential_Trivia.2C_pg._48_42-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Presidential_Trivia.2C_pg._48_42-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Presidential Trivia</I>, pg. 48</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-43"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-43"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipl.org/div/potus/jqadams.html">"Presidents of the United States (POTUS): John Quincy Adams"</A>. Ipl.org<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 5,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents+of+the+United+States+%28POTUS%29%3A+John+Quincy+Adams&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ipl.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipl.org%2Fdiv%2Fpotus%2Fjqadams.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-44"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-44"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Betsy Dru Tecco. (2006). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L9wcOCDvUQQC&pg=PA1828&dq=John+Quincy+Adams+first+President+serve+Congress&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Q8wdVJPuCcyoogT68oCoBw&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=John%20Quincy%20Adams%20first%20President%20serve%20Congress&f=false"><I>How to Draw the Life and Times of John Quincy Adams</I></A>. p. 24.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Betsy+Dru+Tecco.&rft.btitle=How+to+Draw+the+Life+and+Times+of+John+Quincy+Adams&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL9wcOCDvUQQC%26pg%3DPA1828%26dq%3DJohn%2BQuincy%2BAdams%2Bfirst%2BPresident%2Bserve%2BCongress%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DQ8wdVJPuCcyoogT68oCoBw%26ved%3D0CCsQ6AEwAg%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DJohn%2520Quincy%2520Adams%2520first%2520President%2520serve%2520Congress%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-45"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-45"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Cindy Barden. <I>Meet the Presidents</I>. p. 71.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Cindy+Barden&rft.btitle=Meet+the+Presidents&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=71&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-46"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-46"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thehermitage.com/learn/andrew-jackson/legend/">"Legend | Andrew Jackson's Effect on America"</A>. <I>The Hermitage</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-07-21</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Legend+%7C+Andrew+Jackson%27s+Effect+on+America&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hermitage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthehermitage.com%2Flearn%2Fandrew-jackson%2Flegend%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-47"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-47"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidentsparents.com/deaths-of-parents.html">"Deaths of Parents"</A>. <I>Presidents' Parents</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-07-21</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Deaths+of+Parents&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Presidents%27+Parents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidentsparents.com%2Fdeaths-of-parents.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Vecchione.2C_101-48"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Vecchione.2C_101_48-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Vecchione.2C_101_48-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Vecchione.2C_101_48-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Vecchione.2C_101_48-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Vecchione.2C_101_48-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Vecchione.2C_101_48-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Vecchione, 101</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-49"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-49"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2005/09/assassination-attempts/304162/">"The List: Assassination Attempts"</A>. <I>The Atlantic</I>. 2005-09-01.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=The+List%3A+Assassination+Attempts&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F2005%2F09%2Fassassination-attempts%2F304162%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-MoonGuide-50"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-MoonGuide_50-6"><SUP><I><B>g</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Michaela Riva Gaaserud (ed.). <I>Virginia & Maryland: Including Washington DC</I>. Moon. p. 42.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Virginia+%26+Maryland%3A+Including+Washington+DC&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Moon&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-51"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-51"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/dutch_americans/buren-martin-van/">"Martin van Buren [1782-1862]"</A>. New Netherland Institute.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Martin+van+Buren++%5B1782-1862%5D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=New+Netherland+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newnetherlandinstitute.org%2Fhistory-and-heritage%2Fdutch_americans%2Fburen-martin-van%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-52"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-52"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://touringohio.com/trivia/ohio-presidents.html">http://touringohio.com/trivia/ohio-presidents.html</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftouringohio.com%2Ftrivia%2Fohio-presidents.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> <SPAN style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Missing or empty <CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</CODE> (<A href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-53"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-53"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists</I>, pg. 25</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-metmuseum-54"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-metmuseum_54-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/collection_database/all/william_henry_harrison_albert_sands/southworth/objectview.aspx?page=90&sort=3sortdir=desc&keyword=&fp=38&dd1=0&dd2=0&vw=0&collID=0&OID=190020170&vt=1">"The Met Collection Database"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 12,</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=The+Met+Collection+Database&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fcollection_database%2Fall%2Fwilliam_henry_harrison_albert_sands%2Fsouthworth%2Fobjectview.aspx%3Fpage%3D90%26sort%3D3sortdir%3Ddesc%26keyword%3D%26fp%3D38%26dd1%3D0%26dd2%3D0%26vw%3D0%26collID%3D0%26OID%3D190020170%26vt%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Info_Please-55"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Info_Please_55-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Info_Please_55-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Info_Please_55-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Info_Please_55-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Info_Please_55-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Info_Please_55-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Info_Please_55-6"><SUP><I><B>g</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Brunner, Borgna. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/spot/prestrivia1.html">"Presidential Trivia"</A>. <I>Info Please</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 21,</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Presidential+Trivia&rft.aufirst=Borgna&rft.aulast=Brunner&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Info+Please&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fspot%2Fprestrivia1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-AmGovt-56"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-AmGovt_56-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-AmGovt_56-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">James Wilson, John DiIulio, Jr., Meena Bose (2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TdI1cDI2MvoC&pg=PA273&dq=John+Tyler+first+Vice-President+become+President+death&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iC8kVO2yLIKloQTazYLADg&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=John%20Tyler%20first%20Vice-President%20become%20President%20death&f=false"><I>American Government: Brief Version</I></A>. p. 273.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=American+Government%3A+Brief+Version&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=273&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTdI1cDI2MvoC%26pg%3DPA273%26dq%3DJohn%2BTyler%2Bfirst%2BVice-President%2Bbecome%2BPresident%2Bdeath%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DiC8kVO2yLIKloQTazYLADg%26ved%3D0CCUQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DJohn%2520Tyler%2520first%2520Vice-President%2520become%2520President%2520death%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Uses_authors_parameter" title="Category:CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter">link</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-57"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-57"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists</I>, pg. 28</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-58"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-58"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://robinsonlibrary.com/america/unitedstates/presidents/widowers.htm">"Presidents who were Widowers"</A>. The Robinson Library.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents+who+were+Widowers&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Robinson+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frobinsonlibrary.com%2Famerica%2Funitedstates%2Fpresidents%2Fwidowers.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-59"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-59"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/constitution-day/ratification.html">"Teaching With Documents: The Ratification of the Constitution"</A>. <A href="/wiki/United_States_National_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Archives">United States National Archives</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Teaching+With+Documents%3A+The+Ratification+of+the+Constitution&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+National+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Feducation%2Flessons%2Fconstitution-day%2Fratification.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-JamesPolkDotCom-60"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-JamesPolkDotCom_60-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-JamesPolkDotCom_60-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-JamesPolkDotCom_60-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jameskpolk.com/james-polk-biography.php">"James K. Polk"</A>. James K. Polk home and Museum.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=James+K.+Polk&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=James+K.+Polk+home+and+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jameskpolk.com%2Fjames-polk-biography.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-xkcd-61"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-xkcd_61-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-xkcd_61-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/electoral_precedent.png">"The Problem with statements like "No <party> candidate has won the election without <state>" or "No President has been reelected under <circumstances><SPAN style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</SPAN>"</A>. 2012.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=The+Problem+with+statements+like+%22No+%3Cparty%3E+candidate+has+won+the+election+without+%3Cstate%3E%22+or+%22No+President+has+been+reelected+under+%3Ccircumstances%3E%22&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimgs.xkcd.com%2Fcomics%2Felectoral_precedent.png&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-62"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-62"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/polk/aa_polk_horse_3.html">"The First "Dark Horse" Presidential Candidate"</A>. Library of Congress<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-09-25</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=The+First+%22Dark+Horse%22+Presidential+Candidate&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americaslibrary.gov%2Faa%2Fpolk%2Faa_polk_horse_3.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-63"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-63"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><I><A href="/wiki/Miller_Center_of_Public_Affairs" title="Miller Center of Public Affairs">Miller Center of Public Affairs</A></I> (2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://millercenter.org/president/keyevents/polk">"American President: A Reference Resource Key Events in the Presidency of James K Polk"</A>. millercenter.org.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=%27%27Miller+Center+of+Public+Affairs%27%27&rft.btitle=American+President%3A+A+Reference+Resource+Key+Events+in+the+Presidency+of+James+K+Polk&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=millercenter.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fpresident%2Fkeyevents%2Fpolk&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-CompBook-64"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-CompBook_64-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">William A DeGregorio (1993). <I>The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=William+A+DeGregorio&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+U.S.+Presidents&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-thoughtlongley-65"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-thoughtlongley_65-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Longley, Robert (29 June 2017). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/white-house-pets-4144590">"First Pets: Animals in the White House"</A>. <I>ThoughtCo</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 July</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=First+Pets%3A+Animals+in+the+White+House&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Longley&rft.date=2017-06-29&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fwhite-house-pets-4144590&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-66"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-66"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/presidents/zachary_taylor_springfield.html">"Zachary Taylor Home, Springfield, Kentucky"</A>. National Park Service<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-09-25</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Zachary+Taylor+Home%2C+Springfield%2C+Kentucky&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnr%2Ftravel%2Fpresidents%2Fzachary_taylor_springfield.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-67"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-67"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists</I>, pg. 34</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-68"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-68"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/document.php?id=cqal56-1347815">https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/document.php?id=cqal56-1347815</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.cqpress.com%2Fcqalmanac%2Fdocument.php%3Fid%3Dcqal56-1347815&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> <SPAN style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Missing or empty <CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</CODE> (<A href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</A>)</SPAN><SPAN style="font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555">(subscription required)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-WhiteHousePOTUS-69"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-WhiteHousePOTUS_69-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WhiteHousePOTUS_69-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Frank Freidel and Hugh S. Sidey. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/">"The Presidents of the United States"</A>. The <A href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=The+Presidents+of+the+United+States&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+White+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fhistory%2Fpresidents%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Uses_authors_parameter" title="Category:CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter">link</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-70"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-70"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Hurja, Emil (1933). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KnY_AAAAIAAJ"><I>History of Presidential Inaugurations</I></A>. New York Democrat. p. 49.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Emil&rft.aulast=Hurja&rft.btitle=History+of+Presidential+Inaugurations&rft.date=1933&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=New+York+Democrat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKnY_AAAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-krudin-71"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-krudin_71-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Rudin, Ken (July 22, 2009). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/sections/politicaljunkie/2009/07/a_president_denied_renominatio.html">"When Has A President Been Denied His Party's Nomination?"</A>. <A href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 15,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=When+Has+A+President+Been+Denied+His+Party%27s+Nomination%3F&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.aulast=Rudin&rft.date=2009-07-22&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fpoliticaljunkie%2F2009%2F07%2Fa_president_denied_renominatio.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-72"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-72"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19680322&id=3qRRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wBAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7577,4390625">"5 Presidents Lost Renomination Bids"</A>. <I>Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel</I>. 1968-03-22<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-09-25</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=5+Presidents+Lost+Renomination+Bids&rft.date=1968-03-22&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milwaukee+Journal-Sentinel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1368%26dat%3D19680322%26id%3D3qRRAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DwBAEAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7577%2C4390625&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-IPLLincoln-73"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-IPLLincoln_73-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-IPLLincoln_73-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-IPLLincoln_73-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipl.org/div/potus/alincoln.html">"Abraham Lincoln"</A>. Drexel University IPL.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Abraham+Lincoln&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Drexel+University+IPL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipl.org%2Fdiv%2Fpotus%2Falincoln.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-gilette86-74"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-gilette86_74-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Q9kTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9wYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6855,6362329&dq=presidential+beard&hl=en">Most Presidents Have Favored Beardless Look</A>, <I><A href="/wiki/Star-Banner" title="Star-Banner">Star-Banner</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</A>), August 27, 1986</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-75"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-75"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists</I>, pg. 82</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-JohnsonSenate-76"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-JohnsonSenate_76-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-JohnsonSenate_76-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Death_of_Andrew_Johnson.htm">"July 31, 1875: Death of Andrew Johnson"</A>. United States Senate<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-09-25</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=July+31%2C+1875%3A+Death+of+Andrew+Johnson&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fminute%2FDeath_of_Andrew_Johnson.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-77"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-77"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Hindley, Meredith (May–June 2014). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neh.gov/humanities/2014/mayjune/feature/the-odyssey-ulysses-s-grant">"The Odyssey of Ulysses S. Grant"</A>. <I>Humanities</I>. <B>35</B> (3).</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=The+Odyssey+of+Ulysses+S.+Grant&rft.aufirst=Meredith&rft.aulast=Hindley&rft.date=2014-05%2F2014-06&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Humanities&rft.volume=35&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neh.gov%2Fhumanities%2F2014%2Fmayjune%2Ffeature%2Fthe-odyssey-ulysses-s-grant&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-78"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-78"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/H._W._Brands" title="H. W. Brands">Brands, H. W.</A> (2012). <I>The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses S. Grant in War and Peace</I>. <A href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</A>. pp. 591–592. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0385532419" title="Special:BookSources/978-0385532419">978-0385532419</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=H.+W.&rft.aulast=Brands&rft.btitle=The+Man+Who+Saved+the+Union%3A+Ulysses+S.+Grant+in+War+and+Peace&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0385532419&rft.pages=591-592&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-79"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-79"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/William_S._McFeely" title="William S. McFeely">McFeely, William S.</A> (1981). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cv5IbR5f9oMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=suez&f=false"><I>Grant: A Biography</I></A>. Norton. p. 472. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-01372-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-01372-3">0-393-01372-3</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=William+S.&rft.aulast=McFeely&rft.btitle=Grant%3A+A+Biography&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-393-01372-3&rft.pages=472&rft.pub=Norton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcv5IbR5f9oMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dsuez%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-80"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-80"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2010/11/08/presidential-memoirs-a-history-from-grant-to-bush.html">"A Brief History of the Presidential Memoir"</A>. The Daily Beast.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Presidential+Memoir&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Daily+Beast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2010%2F11%2F08%2Fpresidential-memoirs-a-history-from-grant-to-bush.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-WhiteHouseTech-81"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-WhiteHouseTech_81-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WhiteHouseTech_81-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WhiteHouseTech_81-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousehistory.org/history/white-house-timelines/technology-1850s-1890s.html">"White House History Timelines: Technology: 1850s-1890s"</A>. The White House Historical Association<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-09-26</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=White+House+History+Timelines%3A+Technology%3A+1850s-1890s&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+White+House+Historical+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fhistory%2Fwhite-house-timelines%2Ftechnology-1850s-1890s.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-82"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-82"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">John E. Baur (March 1955). "A President Visits Los Angeles: Rutherford B. Hayes' Tour of 1880". <I>The Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly</I>. <A href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</A>. <B>37</B> (1): 33–47. <A href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/41168522">41168522</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=A+President+Visits+Los+Angeles%3A+Rutherford+B.+Hayes%27+Tour+of+1880&rft.au=John+E.+Baur&rft.date=1955-03&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Society+of+Southern+California+Quarterly&rft.pages=33-47&rft.volume=37&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41168522&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-83"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-83"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/9/13572112/trump-popular-vote-loss">"Trump will be the 4th president to win the Electoral College after getting fewer votes than his opponent"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Trump+will+be+the+4th+president+to+win+the+Electoral+College+after+getting+fewer+votes+than+his+opponent&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fpolicy-and-politics%2F2016%2F11%2F9%2F13572112%2Ftrump-popular-vote-loss&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-84"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-84"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1851-1900/The-election-of-President-James-Garfield-of-Ohio/">"The election of President James Garfield of Ohio"</A>. <A href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">June 23,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=The+election+of+President+James+Garfield+of+Ohio&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+House+of+Representatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FHistorical-Highlights%2F1851-1900%2FThe-election-of-President-James-Garfield-of-Ohio%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-85"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-85"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Pilkington, Ed (2008-10-24). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/oct/24/barack-obama-mccain-white-house-left-handed">"Revealed: The leftist plot to control the White House"</A>. The Guardian<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2008-10-25</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+The+leftist+plot+to+control+the+White+House&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft.aulast=Pilkington&rft.date=2008-10-24&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2008%2Foct%2F24%2Fbarack-obama-mccain-white-house-left-handed&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-86"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-86"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Book of Political Lists, 49</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-87"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-87"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hiram.edu/about/history">"History of the College"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Hiram_College" title="Hiram College">Hiram College</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 25,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>. <Q>Principals of the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute (Hiram College)</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=History+of+the+College&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Hiram+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hiram.edu%2Fabout%2Fhistory&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-88"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-88"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Green, F.M. (1901). "Chapter III: The Garfield Administration 1857-1863". <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/hiramcollegewest00gree#page/94/mode/2up/search/Garfield"><I>Hiram college and Western reserve eclectic institute; fifty years of history, 1850-1900</I></A>. The O.S. Hubbell printing co. pp. 94–133<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 25,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Chapter+III%3A+The+Garfield+Administration+1857-1863&rft.aufirst=F.M.&rft.aulast=Green&rft.btitle=Hiram+college+and+Western+reserve+eclectic+institute%3B+fifty+years+of+history%2C+1850-1900&rft.date=1901&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=94-133&rft.pub=The+O.S.+Hubbell+printing+co&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fhiramcollegewest00gree%23page%2F94%2Fmode%2F2up%2Fsearch%2FGarfield&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-89"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-89"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists</I>, 5</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-90"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-90"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.republicanpresidents.net/10-interesting-facts-about-chester-arthur/">"10 Interesting Facts About Chester Arthur"</A>. RepublicanPresidents.net.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=10+Interesting+Facts+About+Chester+Arthur&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=RepublicanPresidents.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.republicanpresidents.net%2F10-interesting-facts-about-chester-arthur%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-91"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-91"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Watson, pg. 17</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-92"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-92"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidentsgraves.com/grover%20cleveland%20twenty-fourth%20president.htm">"Grover Cleveland 24th President"</A>. Presidentsgraves.com. June 24, 1908<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 17,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Grover+Cleveland+24th+President&rft.date=1908-06-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Presidentsgraves.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidentsgraves.com%2Fgrover%2520cleveland%2520twenty-fourth%2520president.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-93"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-93"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lib.msu.edu/cs/branches/vvl/presidents/harrison.html">"U.S. Presidential Audio Recordings"</A>. Michigan State University Libraries<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 17,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=U.S.+Presidential+Audio+Recordings&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Michigan+State+University+Libraries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.msu.edu%2Fcs%2Fbranches%2Fvvl%2Fpresidents%2Fharrison.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-94"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-94"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/assassins/mckinley/5.html">"The Assassination of President William McKinley"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=The+Assassination+of+President+William+McKinley&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crimelibrary.com%2Fterrorists_spies%2Fassassins%2Fmckinley%2F5.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-95"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-95"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Crochetiere, Thomas. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1YcpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT97&dq=%22president+born+in+new+york+city%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7xuPg4PrSAhVIVrwKHR5mAN4Q6AEIHjAB#v=onepage&q=%22president%20born%20in%20new%20york%20city%22&f=false"><I>America's National Parks At a Glance</I></A>. eBookIt.com. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781456626648" title="Special:BookSources/9781456626648">9781456626648</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Crochetiere&rft.btitle=America%27s+National+Parks+At+a+Glance&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781456626648&rft.pub=eBookIt.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1YcpDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT97%26dq%3D%2522president%2Bborn%2Bin%2Bnew%2Byork%2Bcity%2522%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwi7xuPg4PrSAhVIVrwKHR5mAN4Q6AEIHjAB%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522president%2520born%2520in%2520new%2520york%2520city%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller346-96"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller346_96-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFMiller">Miller</A>, pp. 346.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-McKinley-97"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-McKinley_97-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Leech 594-600</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FAS-98"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FAS_98-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Neale, Thomas H. (September 27, 2004). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL31761.pdf">"Presidential and Vice Presidential Succession: Overview and Current Legislation"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <I>Federation of American Scientists</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 15,</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Presidential+and+Vice+Presidential+Succession%3A+Overview+and+Current+Legislation&rft.aufirst=Thomas+H.&rft.aulast=Neale&rft.date=2004-09-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fmisc%2FRL31761.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrands1997504-99"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrands1997504_99-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBrands1997">Brands 1997</A>, p. 504.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-100"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-100"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Bob Brown (October 22, 2009). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fairfieldsuntimes.com/opinion/letters_to_the_editor/article_2264dfbd-084e-5250-aaf2-91ea99bc6720.html">"Theodore Roosevelt First American To Win Nobel Prize"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Fairfield_Sun_Times" title="Fairfield Sun Times">Fairfield Sun Times</A></I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Theodore+Roosevelt+First+American+To+Win+Nobel+Prize&rft.au=Bob+Brown&rft.date=2009-10-22&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fairfield+Sun+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairfieldsuntimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fletters_to_the_editor%2Farticle_2264dfbd-084e-5250-aaf2-91ea99bc6720.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Lundestad-101"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Lundestad_101-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A href="/wiki/Geir_Lundestad" title="Geir Lundestad">Lundestad, Geir</A> (2001-03-15). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/articles/lundestad-review/index.html">"The Nobel Peace Prize, 1901–2000"</A>. Nobel Foundation<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-10-06</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Geir&rft.aulast=Lundestad&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize%2C+1901%E2%80%932000&rft.date=2001-03-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Farticles%2Flundestad-review%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-102"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-102"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1906/index.html">"The Nobel Peace Prize 1906"</A>. Nobel Foundation<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-10-06</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize+1906&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F1906%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-103"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-103"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/roosevelt-theodore">"Travels of President Theodore Roosevelt"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Travels+of+President+Theodore+Roosevelt&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Froosevelt-theodore&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrands1997513.E2.80.9314-104"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrands1997513.E2.80.9314_104-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBrands1997">Brands 1997</A>, pp. 513–14.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-WestWing-105"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-WestWing_105-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WestWing_105-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WestWing_105-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WestWing_105-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousehistory.org/history/white-house-timelines/west-wing-timeline.html">"White House History Timelines: The West Wing"</A>. The White House Historical Association<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-09-26</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=White+House+History+Timelines%3A+The+West+Wing&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+White+House+Historical+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fhistory%2Fwhite-house-timelines%2Fwest-wing-timeline.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-UnitedStatesCenterforMilitaryHistory-106"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-UnitedStatesCenterforMilitaryHistory_106-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/warspain.html">"Medal of Honor Recipients: War with Spain"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Medal+of+Honor+Recipients%3A+War+with+Spain&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fmoh%2Fwarspain.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-107"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-107"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Josh Leventhal (2006). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7isoh_pMSBYC&pg=PA48&dq=Taft+first+president+ceremonial+first+pitch&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9KskVJG2JoLLoATe_oBo&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Taft%20first%20president%20ceremonial%20first%20pitch&f=false"><I>Baseball Yesterday & Today</I></A>. p. 48.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Josh+Leventhal&rft.btitle=Baseball+Yesterday+%26+Today&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=48&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7isoh_pMSBYC%26pg%3DPA48%26dq%3DTaft%2Bfirst%2Bpresident%2Bceremonial%2Bfirst%2Bpitch%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D9KskVJG2JoLLoATe_oBo%26ved%3D0CCQQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DTaft%2520first%2520president%2520ceremonial%2520first%2520pitch%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-108"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-108"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swamppolitics.com/news/politics/blog/2010/04/presidents_first_pitch_100_yea.html">"National politics – chicagotribune.com"</A>. Swamppolitics.com. January 1, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 2,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=National+politics+%E2%80%93+chicagotribune.com&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Swamppolitics.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swamppolitics.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fblog%2F2010%2F04%2Fpresidents_first_pitch_100_yea.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-109"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-109"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists,</I> pg. 20</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPringle_vol_1106.E2.80.93111-110"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPringle_vol_1106.E2.80.93111_110-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFPringle_vol_1">Pringle vol 1</A>, pp. 106–111.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPringle_vol_1120.E2.80.93123-111"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPringle_vol_1120.E2.80.93123_111-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFPringle_vol_1">Pringle vol 1</A>, pp. 120–123.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-112"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-112"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/taft-william-howard">"Travels of President William Howard Taft"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Travels+of+President+William+Howard+Taft&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Ftaft-william-howard&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-113"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-113"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Peter G. Renstrom. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MvXtcBst9OIC&pg=PA39&dq=Taft+first+President+to+serve+on+Supreme+Court&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PcolVImBLouwogSEzYDgAw&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Taft%20first%20President%20to%20serve%20on%20Supreme%20Court&f=false"><I>The Taft Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy</I></A>. p. 39.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Peter+G.+Renstrom&rft.btitle=The+Taft+Court%3A+Justices%2C+Rulings%2C+and+Legacy&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=39&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMvXtcBst9OIC%26pg%3DPA39%26dq%3DTaft%2Bfirst%2BPresident%2Bto%2Bserve%2Bon%2BSupreme%2BCourt%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DPcolVImBLouwogSEzYDgAw%26ved%3D0CCQQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DTaft%2520first%2520President%2520to%2520serve%2520on%2520Supreme%2520Court%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPringle_vol_2957.E2.80.93959-114"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPringle_vol_2957.E2.80.93959_114-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFPringle_vol_2">Pringle vol 2</A>, pp. 957–959.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Arlington-115"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Arlington_115-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206043942/http://www.arlingtoncemetery.org/historical_information/william_taft.html">"Biography of William Howard Taft, President of the United States and Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court"</A>. <I>Historical Information</I>. Arlington National Cemetery. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arlingtoncemetery.org/historical_information/william_taft.html">the original</A> on December 6, 2006<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 24,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Biography+of+William+Howard+Taft%2C+President+of+the+United+States+and+Chief+Justice+of+the+U.S.+Supreme+Court&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historical+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arlingtoncemetery.org%2Fhistorical_information%2Fwilliam_taft.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-116"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-116"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Gresko, Jessica (May 25, 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/03/supreme-court-at-arlingto_n_668450.html">"Supreme Court at Arlington: Justices are Chummy Even in Death"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 24,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+at+Arlington%3A+Justices+are+Chummy+Even+in+Death&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.aulast=Gresko&rft.date=2011-05-25&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2010%2F08%2F03%2Fsupreme-court-at-arlingto_n_668450.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-WilsonNYT-117"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-WilsonNYT_117-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WilsonNYT_117-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WilsonNYT_117-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">John Milton Cooper Jr. (Oct 1, 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/w/woodrow_wilson/index.html">"Woodrow Wilson"</A>. New York Times.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=John+Milton+Cooper+Jr.&rft.btitle=Woodrow+Wilson&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftopics.nytimes.com%2Ftop%2Freference%2Ftimestopics%2Fpeople%2Fw%2Fwoodrow_wilson%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> – via <A href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</A> Archive Service <SPAN style="font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555">(subscription required)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-WilsonTravel-118"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-WilsonTravel_118-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WilsonTravel_118-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/wilson-woodrow">"Travels of President Woodrow Wilson"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Travels+of+President+Woodrow+Wilson&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fwilson-woodrow&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-119"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-119"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/wilson-woodrow">"Travels of President Woodrow Wilson"</A>. <A href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. Department of State</A> Office of the Historian. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/63gn1ct65?url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/wilson-woodrow">Archived</A> from the original on December 4, 2011.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Travels+of+President+Woodrow+Wilson&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fwilson-woodrow&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-WilsonClassroom-120"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-WilsonClassroom_120-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WilsonClassroom_120-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WilsonClassroom_120-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/wilson.html">"Thomas Woodrow Wilson, 1913 - 1921, 28th President"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Thomas+Woodrow+Wilson%2C++1913+-+1921%2C+28th+President&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classroomhelp.com%2Flessons%2FPresidents%2Fwilson.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-121"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-121"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">John Whitcomb, Claire Whitcomb. <I>Real Life at the White House</I>, p. 262. Routledge, 2002, <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-93951-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-93951-8">0-415-93951-8</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-122"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-122"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">University, Princeton. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/pub/presidents/">"The Presidents of Princeton University"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Princeton&rft.aulast=University&rft.btitle=The+Presidents+of+Princeton+University&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2Fpub%2Fpresidents%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-:0-123"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-:0_123-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-:0_123-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/08/26/was-womens-suffrage-a-failure-what-new-evidence-tells-us-about-the-first-women-voters/">"Was women's suffrage a failure? What new evidence tells us about the first women voters"</A>. <I>Washington Post</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2016-08-26</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Was+women%27s+suffrage+a+failure%3F+What+new+evidence+tells+us+about+the+first+women+voters&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmonkey-cage%2Fwp%2F2016%2F08%2F26%2Fwas-womens-suffrage-a-failure-what-new-evidence-tells-us-about-the-first-women-voters%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-:1-124"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-:1_124-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-:1_124-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/american-government-politics-and-policy/counting-womens-ballots-female-voters-suffrage-through-new-deal?format=PB">"Counting Women's Ballots"</A>. <I>Cambridge University Press</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2016-08-26</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Counting+Women%27s+Ballots&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Facademic%2Fsubjects%2Fpolitics-international-relations%2Famerican-government-politics-and-policy%2Fcounting-womens-ballots-female-voters-suffrage-through-new-deal%3Fformat%3DPB&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-125"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-125"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sos.state.oh.us/sos/elections/Research/electResultsMain/HistoricalElectionComparisons/Lieutenant%20Governors%20of%20the%20State%20of%20Ohio%201852%20-%20present.aspx=">http://www.sos.state.oh.us/sos/elections/Research/electResultsMain/HistoricalElectionComparisons/Lieutenant%20Governors%20of%20the%20State%20of%20Ohio%201852%20-%20present.aspx=</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.state.oh.us%2Fsos%2Felections%2FResearch%2FelectResultsMain%2FHistoricalElectionComparisons%2FLieutenant%2520Governors%2520of%2520the%2520State%2520of%2520Ohio%25201852%2520-%2520present.aspx%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> <SPAN style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Missing or empty <CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</CODE> (<A href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-126"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-126"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">"<A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8VWoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA198&dq=first+president+to+drive+a+car+warren+harding&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiU9d_Hs4vVAhXICsAKHRI5AawQ6AEIODAE#v=onepage&q=first%20president%20to%20drive%20a%20car%20warren%20harding&f=false">https://books.google.com/books?id=8VWoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA198&dq=first+president+to+drive+a+car+warren+harding&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiU9d_Hs4vVAhXICsAKHRI5AawQ6AEIODAE#v=onepage&q=first%20president%20to%20drive%20a%20car%20warren%20harding&f=false</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-127"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-127"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/canada">"Presidents' Travels to Canada"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+Canada&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fcanada&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-128"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-128"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">"Radio Broadcasts President's Speech on Commerce", <I>Washington Post</I>, May 23, 1922, page 5. Speech given on May 18, 1922 before the Chamber of Commerce of the United States in Washington, D.C.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-129"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-129"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/cuba">"Presidents' Travels to Cuba"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+Cuba&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fcuba&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-130"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-130"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Bittinger, Cynthia (2012). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZC6P6mb8KAgC&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q&f=false"><I>Vermont Women, Native Americans & African Americans: Out of the Shadows</I></A>. The History Press. pp. 40–41<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">January 2,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.aulast=Bittinger&rft.btitle=Vermont+Women%2C+Native+Americans+%26+African+Americans%3A+Out+of+the+Shadows&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=40-41&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZC6P6mb8KAgC%26pg%3DPA40%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-131"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-131"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Richardson, W. James (2012). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MFb7wsAjjusC&pg=PA70#v=onepage&q&f=false"><I>Hardly Inferior Nor a Burden to America: Significant African American Achievements and Contributions</I></A>. Strategic Book Publishing. p. 70<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">January 2,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=W.+James&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.btitle=Hardly+Inferior+Nor+a+Burden+to+America%3A+Significant+African+American+Achievements+and+Contributions&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Strategic+Book+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMFb7wsAjjusC%26pg%3DPA70%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-132"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-132"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Wallace, Jerry. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coolidgefoundation.org/presidency/a-biographical-sketch-of-calvin-coolidge/">"A Biographical Sketch of Calvin Coolidge"</A>. <I>coolidgefoundation.prg</I>. Calvin Coolidge Presidential Foundation<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">January 2,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=A+Biographical+Sketch+of+Calvin+Coolidge&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coolidgefoundation.prg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoolidgefoundation.org%2Fpresidency%2Fa-biographical-sketch-of-calvin-coolidge%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-133"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-133"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Coolidge, Calvin (1929). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/autobiographyofc011710mbp#page/n25/mode/2up"><I>The Autobiography of Calvin Coolidge</I></A>. Cosmopolitan Book Corporation. p. 14<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">January 2,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Calvin&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.btitle=The+Autobiography+of+Calvin+Coolidge&rft.date=1929&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Cosmopolitan+Book+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fautobiographyofc011710mbp%23page%2Fn25%2Fmode%2F2up&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-chideya-134"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-chideya_134-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A href="/wiki/Farai_Chideya" title="Farai Chideya">Chideya, Farai</A> (June 24, 2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91845732">"Has America Already Had a Black President?"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2009-01-20</SPAN></SPAN>. <Q>This fall, America could elect its first black president, but according to some, the country has already had a black commander-in-chief. Over time, rumormongers and amateur historians have claimed that Andrew Jackson, Thomas Jefferson, Warren Harding, Dwight Eisenhower, Calvin Coolidge, and Abraham Lincoln had black lineage.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Has+America+Already+Had+a+Black+President%3F&rft.aufirst=Farai&rft.aulast=Chideya&rft.date=2008-06-24&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Public+Radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D91845732&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-135"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-135"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://massachusetts.lostsoulsgenealogy.com/governors.htm">"Governors"</A>. <I>massachusetts.lostsoulsgenealogy.com</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Governors&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=massachusetts.lostsoulsgenealogy.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmassachusetts.lostsoulsgenealogy.com%2Fgovernors.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-136"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-136"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists,</I> pg. 5</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-The_Presidential_Vote_1932.2C_pg._24-137"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-The_Presidential_Vote_1932.2C_pg._24_137-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">The Presidential Vote, 1896-1932, Edgar E. Robinson, pg. 24</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-138"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-138"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists,</I> pg. 47</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-139"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-139"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Skarmeas, Nancy J. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vTU-RAKsv6MC&q=first+quaker+president&dq=first+quaker+president&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBoNKt4frSAhXEw7wKHcZGDi0Q6AEIQzAH"><I>Our Presidents: Their Lives and Stories</I></A>. Ideals Publications. p. 58. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824941994" title="Special:BookSources/9780824941994">9780824941994</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Nancy+J.&rft.aulast=Skarmeas&rft.btitle=Our+Presidents%3A+Their+Lives+and+Stories&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780824941994&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Ideals+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvTU-RAKsv6MC%26q%3Dfirst%2Bquaker%2Bpresident%26dq%3Dfirst%2Bquaker%2Bpresident%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjBoNKt4frSAhXEw7wKHcZGDi0Q6AEIQzAH&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-140"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-140"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theprogressiveprofessor.com/?p=21354">"Multiple Times on National Ballot of Presidents, and Total Popular Vote Combined!"</A>. The Progressive Professor. August 5, 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">September 24,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Multiple+Times+on+National+Ballot+of+Presidents%2C+and+Total+Popular+Vote+Combined%21&rft.date=2013-08-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Progressive+Professor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theprogressiveprofessor.com%2F%3Fp%3D21354&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-141"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-141"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/30secondcandidate/timeline/years/1939.html">"The 30 Second Candidate: Historical Timeline: 1939 - PBS"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=The+30+Second+Candidate%3A+Historical+Timeline%3A+1939+-+PBS&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2F30secondcandidate%2Ftimeline%2Fyears%2F1939.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Barnouw-142"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Barnouw_142-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Barnouw, E. (1990). <I>Tube of plenty: The evolution of American television</I> (2nd ed.). New York : Oxford University Press</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-143"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-143"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/frances-perkins">"Frances Perkins"</A>. The History Channel.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Frances+Perkins&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+History+Channel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fwomens-history%2Ffrances-perkins&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-144"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-144"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/library/history.html">"History of the FDR Library and Museum"</A>. Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6Ck5RY6aP?url=http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/library/history.html">Archived</A> from the original on December 7, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 7,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=History+of+the+FDR+Library+and+Museum&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Franklin+D.+Roosevelt+Presidential+Library+and+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fdrlibrary.marist.edu%2Flibrary%2Fhistory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-145"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-145"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/colombia">"Presidents' Travels to Colombia"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+Colombia&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fcolombia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-146"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-146"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/morocco">"Presidents' Travels to Morocco"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+Morocco&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fmorocco&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-147"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-147"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/russia">"Presidents' Travels to Russia"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+Russia&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Frussia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-148"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-148"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Hardesty 2003, p. 38.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-149"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-149"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/01/27/the-first-time-a-u-s-president-met-a-saudi-king/">"The first time a U.S. president met a Saudi King"</A>. <I>Washington Post</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=The+first+time+a+U.S.+president+met+a+Saudi+King&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2015%2F01%2F27%2Fthe-first-time-a-u-s-president-met-a-saudi-king%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-150"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-150"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists</I>, pg. 26</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Political_Lists_pg._15-151"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Political_Lists_pg._15_151-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Political_Lists_pg._15_151-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Book of Political Lists</I>, pg. 15</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-152"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-152"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Wayne Oliver, "Millions to See Truman in Telecast of Inaugural", <I>New York Times</I>, 16 January 1949, p. L4; accessed <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/152120901">via ProQuest</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-SunViewers-153"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-SunViewers_153-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-SunViewers_153-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">"10,000,000 See Inauguration By Television: Total Greater Than All Witnessing Previous Ceremonies", <I>Baltimore Sun</I> (AP), 21 January 1949; accessed <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/541894748">via ProQuest</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Laviero-154"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Laviero_154-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Anthony Leviero, "Truman appeals for unity in party to aid peace aims", <I>New York Times</I>, 19 January 1949, p. 1; accessed <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/105813470">via ProQuest</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-155"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-155"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">"World to Hear Truman Inaugural Ceremonies", <I>Christian Science Monitor</I> (Associated Press), 19 January 1949; accessed <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/507986927">via ProQuest</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-156"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-156"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">"More Persons Expected to View Inauguration By Video Than Combined Previous Witnesses", <I>New York Times</I>, 20 January 1949; accessed <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.proquest.com/docview/105809204">via ProQuest</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-157"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-157"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trumanlibrary.org/medicarebill.htm">"July 30, 1965: President Lyndon B. Johnson Signs Medicare Bill"</A>. Truman Library.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=July+30%2C+1965%3A+President+Lyndon+B.+Johnson+Signs+Medicare+Bill&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Truman+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trumanlibrary.org%2Fmedicarebill.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETruman_Library1965-158"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETruman_Library1965_158-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFTruman_Library1965">Truman Library 1965</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-159"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-159"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/dwightdeisenhower">"Dwight D. Eisenhower"</A>. White House.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Dwight+D.+Eisenhower&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=White+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2F1600%2Fpresidents%2Fdwightdeisenhower&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-160"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-160"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Klein, Christopher (9 October 2015). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-dwight-d-eisenhower">"10 Things You May Not Know About Dwight D. Eisenhower"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV channel)">History</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">4 April</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=10+Things+You+May+Not+Know+About+Dwight+D.+Eisenhower&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.date=2015-10-09&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2F10-things-you-may-not-know-about-dwight-d-eisenhower&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-airspacemag.com-161"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-airspacemag.com_161-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-airspacemag.com_161-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation magazine">Barrett Tillman (August 2009). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airspacemag.com/history-of-flight/from-pilot-to-president-35484682/?no-ist">"From Pilot to President"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Air_and_Space_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Air and Space Magazine">Air & Space</A></I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Barrett+Tillman&rft.btitle=From+Pilot+to+President&rft.date=2009-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airspacemag.com%2Fhistory-of-flight%2Ffrom-pilot-to-president-35484682%2F%3Fno-ist&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-162"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-162"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Frederick N. Rasmussen (January 22, 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-01-22/news/bs-md-backstory-presidential-news-con20110121_1_news-conference-press-secretary-question">"Eisenhower held first televised news conference in 1955"</A>. <I>Baltimore Sun</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Eisenhower+held+first+televised+news+conference+in+1955&rft.au=Frederick+N.+Rasmussen&rft.date=2011-01-22&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Sun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.baltimoresun.com%2F2011-01-22%2Fnews%2Fbs-md-backstory-presidential-news-con20110121_1_news-conference-press-secretary-question&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-163"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-163"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/flatview?cuecard=53076">"President Eisenhower Becomes First U.S. President Broadcast in Color on Television"</A>. NBC Learn K-12.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=President+Eisenhower+Becomes+First+U.S.+President+Broadcast+in+Color+on+Television&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NBC+Learn+K-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.nbclearn.com%2Fportal%2Fsite%2Fk-12%2Fflatview%3Fcuecard%3D53076&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Eisenhower_honors-164"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Eisenhower_honors_164-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Eisenhower_honors_164-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Eisenhower_honors_164-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Eisenhower_honors_164-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Eisenhower_honors_164-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Eisenhower_honors_164-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/all_about_ike/awards_medals.html">"USA and Foreign Decorations of Dwight D. Eisenhower"</A>. <I>www.eisenhower.archives.gov</I>. The Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, and Boyhood Home<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 24,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=USA+and+Foreign+Decorations+of+Dwight+D.+Eisenhower&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eisenhower.archives.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eisenhower.archives.gov%2Fall_about_ike%2Fawards_medals.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-165"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-165"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Associated Press (Dec 1, 1993). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/1993-12-01/news/mn-62855_1_queen-elizabeth-s-court">"Bush Is Knighted in Queen Elizabeth's Court"</A>. LA Times<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 24,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Associated+Press&rft.btitle=Bush+Is+Knighted+in+Queen+Elizabeth%27s+Court&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=LA+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1993-12-01%2Fnews%2Fmn-62855_1_queen-elizabeth-s-court&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-166"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-166"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.emmys.com/shows/dwight-d-eisenhower=">http://www.emmys.com/shows/dwight-d-eisenhower=</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emmys.com%2Fshows%2Fdwight-d-eisenhower%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> <SPAN style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Missing or empty <CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</CODE> (<A href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-167"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-167"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/president/docs/history/">"Office of the President Lee C. Bollinger: Past Presidents"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Office+of+the+President+Lee+C.+Bollinger%3A+Past+Presidents&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fcu%2Fpresident%2Fdocs%2Fhistory%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-EverythingJFK-168"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-EverythingJFK_168-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Jessica McElrath. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H91_n2gev6MC&pg=PR10&dq=John+Kennedy+first+Catholic+president&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ob4pVKv3EMO2iwKH44DADA&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=John%20Kennedy%20first%20Catholic%20president&f=false"><I>The Everything John F. Kennedy Book</I></A>. p. x.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Jessica+McElrath&rft.btitle=The+Everything+John+F.+Kennedy+Book&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH91_n2gev6MC%26pg%3DPR10%26dq%3DJohn%2BKennedy%2Bfirst%2BCatholic%2Bpresident%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3Dob4pVKv3EMO2iwKH44DADA%26ved%3D0CDcQ6AEwBA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DJohn%2520Kennedy%2520first%2520Catholic%2520president%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FreakyFacts-169"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FreakyFacts_169-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Barbara Seuling (2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kPBrAXlduzcC&pg=PA23&dq=John+Kennedy+first+president+born+in+the+20th+century&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3r8pVL-YO-KsjALXj4CICQ&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=John%20Kennedy%20first%20president%20born%20in%20the%2020th%20century&f=false"><I>One President was Born on Independence Day, and Other Freaky Facts about the 26th through 43rd Presidents</I></A>. p. 18.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Barbara+Seuling&rft.btitle=One+President+was+Born+on+Independence+Day%2C+and+Other+Freaky+Facts+about+the+26th+through+43rd+Presidents&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkPBrAXlduzcC%26pg%3DPA23%26dq%3DJohn%2BKennedy%2Bfirst%2Bpresident%2Bborn%2Bin%2Bthe%2B20th%2Bcentury%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D3r8pVL-YO-KsjALXj4CICQ%26ved%3D0CCYQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DJohn%2520Kennedy%2520first%2520president%2520born%2520in%2520the%252020th%2520century%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-ChiDebates-170"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-ChiDebates_170-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-ChiDebates_170-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Ron Grossman. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-the-great-debate-that-transformed-politics-20140925-story.html">"The great debate that transformed politics"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</A></I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=The+great+debate+that+transformed+politics&rft.au=Ron+Grossman&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fchi-the-great-debate-that-transformed-politics-20140925-story.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-ComplexJFK-171"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-ComplexJFK_171-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-ComplexJFK_171-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-ComplexJFK_171-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Alejandra Ramirez. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2013/11/jfk-facts/jfk-is-the-only-president-to-win-a-purple-heart-an">"14 Things You Didn't Know About JFK"</A>. Complex.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-09-25</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Alejandra+Ramirez&rft.btitle=14+Things+You+Didn%27t+Know+About+JFK&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Complex.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.complex.com%2Fpop-culture%2F2013%2F11%2Fjfk-facts%2Fjfk-is-the-only-president-to-win-a-purple-heart-an&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-172"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-172"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/inside-white-house/west-wing-tour">"Tour the White House West Wing"</A>. WhiteHouse.gov.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Tour+the+White+House+West+Wing&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=WhiteHouse.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fabout%2Finside-white-house%2Fwest-wing-tour&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-173"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-173"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irishamerica.com/2011/08/presidential-visits-to-ireland/">"Presidential Visits to Ireland"</A>. Irish America. 2014-06-20<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2016-10-01</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidential+Visits+to+Ireland&rft.date=2014-06-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Irish+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firishamerica.com%2F2011%2F08%2Fpresidential-visits-to-ireland%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-174"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-174"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/australia">"Presidents' Travels to Australia"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+Australia&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Faustralia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-175"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-175"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/lbj/">"LBJ (Part of the collection: The Presidents)."</A>. <A href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=LBJ+%28Part+of+the+collection%3A+The+Presidents%29.&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=American+Experience&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffilms%2Flbj%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-176"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-176"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/johnson-appoints-first-african-american-cabinet-member">"This Day in History: Johnson appoints first African-American cabinet member"</A>. The History Channel<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-09-30</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=This+Day+in+History%3A+Johnson+appoints+first+African-American+cabinet+member&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+History+Channel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fjohnson-appoints-first-african-american-cabinet-member&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-177"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-177"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Majority_Minority_Leaders.htm">"U.S. Senate: Majority and Minority Leaders and Party Whips"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=U.S.+Senate%3A+Majority+and+Minority+Leaders+and+Party+Whips&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fbriefing%2FMajority_Minority_Leaders.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-178"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-178"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Party_Whips.htm">"Party Whips"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Party+Whips&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fbriefing%2FParty_Whips.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-179"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-179"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/china">"Presidents' Travels to China"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+China&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fchina&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-180"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-180"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/israel">"Presidents' Travels to Israel"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+Israel&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fisrael&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-181"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-181"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Carroll Kilpatrick (August 9, 1974). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/080974-3.htm">"Nixon Resigns"</A>. <I>Washington Post</I>. p. A01.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Nixon+Resigns&rft.au=Carroll+Kilpatrick&rft.date=1974-08-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.pages=A01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fnational%2Flongterm%2Fwatergate%2Farticles%2F080974-3.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-182"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-182"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/Conrad_Black" title="Conrad Black">Black, Conrad</A> (2007). <I>Richard M. Nixon: A Life in Full</I>. New York: PublicAffairs Books. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-519-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-519-1">978-1-58648-519-1</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft.aulast=Black&rft.btitle=Richard+M.+Nixon%3A+A+Life+in+Full&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-58648-519-1&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=PublicAffairs+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN>, p. 978.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-IPLFord-183"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-IPLFord_183-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-IPLFord_183-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-IPLFord_183-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipl.org/div/potus/grford.html">"Gerald Rudolph Ford"</A>. iSchool at Drexel, College of Information Science and Technology.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Gerald+Rudolph+Ford&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=iSchool+at+Drexel%2C+College+of+Information+Science+and+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipl.org%2Fdiv%2Fpotus%2Fgrford.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-pardonspeech-184"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-pardonspeech_184-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-pardonspeech_184-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Ford, Gerald (September 8, 1974). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/speeches/740061.asp">"President Gerald R. Ford's Proclamation 4311, Granting a Pardon to Richard Nixon"</A>. <I>Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library & Museum</I>. University of Texas<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 30,</SPAN> 2006</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=President+Gerald+R.+Ford%27s+Proclamation+4311%2C+Granting+a+Pardon+to+Richard+Nixon&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.date=1974-09-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gerald+R.+Ford+Presidential+Library+%26+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffordlibrarymuseum.gov%2Flibrary%2Fspeeches%2F740061.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-pardonimage-185"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-pardonimage_185-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-pardonimage_185-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Ford, Gerald (September 8, 1974). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://narademo.umiacs.umd.edu/cgi-bin/isadg/viewitem.pl?item=100775">"Presidential Proclamation 4311 by President Gerald R. Ford granting a pardon to Richard M. Nixon"</A>. <I>Pardon images</I>. University of Maryland<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 30,</SPAN> 2006</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Presidential+Proclamation+4311+by+President+Gerald+R.+Ford+granting+a+pardon+to+Richard+M.+Nixon&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.date=1974-09-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pardon+images&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnarademo.umiacs.umd.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fisadg%2Fviewitem.pl%3Fitem%3D100775&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-auto-186"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-auto_186-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-auto_186-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1974/Ford-Pardons-Nixon/12305808208934-3/">"Ford Pardons Nixon - Events of 1974 - Year in Review"</A>. UPI.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 4,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Ford+Pardons+Nixon+-+Events+of+1974+-+Year+in+Review&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UPI.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FAudio%2FYear_in_Review%2FEvents-of-1974%2FFord-Pardons-Nixon%2F12305808208934-3%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-187"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-187"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/hirohito/speeches/speeches-hirohito-visits-the-united-states">"Hirohito"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Hirohito&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fworld-war-ii%2Fhirohito%2Fspeeches%2Fspeeches-hirohito-visits-the-united-states&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-188"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-188"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scouting.org/About/FactSheets/presidents.aspx">"Presidents of the United States and the Boy Scouts of America"</A>. Boy Scouts of America.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents+of+the+United+States+and+the+Boy+Scouts+of+America&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Boy+Scouts+of+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scouting.org%2FAbout%2FFactSheets%2Fpresidents.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-189"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-189"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/japan">"Presidents' Travels to Japan"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fjapan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-190"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-190"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.house.gov/People/Office/Minority-Leaders/">"Minority Leaders of the House (1899 to present) - US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Minority+Leaders+of+the+House+%281899+to+present%29+-+US+House+of+Representatives%3A+History%2C+Art+%26+Archives&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FPeople%2FOffice%2FMinority-Leaders%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-191"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-191"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.house.gov/People/Office/Republican-Conference-Chairmen/">"Republican Conference Chairmen - US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Republican+Conference+Chairmen+-+US+House+of+Representatives%3A+History%2C+Art+%26+Archives&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FPeople%2FOffice%2FRepublican-Conference-Chairmen%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-192"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-192"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/nigeria">"Presidents' Travels to Nigeria"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+Nigeria&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fnigeria&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-193"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-193"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/jimmy-carter-is-born">"This Day in History: Jimmy Carter is Born"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-09-19</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=This+Day+in+History%3A+Jimmy+Carter+is+Born&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fjimmy-carter-is-born&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-194"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-194"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Sidey, Hugh (12 December 1977). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,915809,00.html">"The Question Now: Who Carter?"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">4 April</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=The+Question+Now%3A+Who+Carter%3F&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft.aulast=Sidey&rft.date=1977-12-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C915809%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-195"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-195"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/press-room/press-timelines/papal-visits-to-the-white-house">"Papal Visits to the White House"</A>. <I>WHHA</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Papal+Visits+to+the+White+House&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WHHA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fpress-room%2Fpress-timelines%2Fpapal-visits-to-the-white-house&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-196"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-196"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Zorthian, Julia. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://time.com/4044254/pope-white-house-1979/">"The First Time a Pope Visited the White House"</A>. <I>Time</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=The+First+Time+a+Pope+Visited+the+White+House&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft.aulast=Zorthian&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4044254%2Fpope-white-house-1979%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-197"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-197"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/presidents/ronald_reagan_boyhood_home.html">"Ronald Reagan's Boyhood Home-Presidents: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary"</A>. Nps.gov<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-07-20</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Ronald+Reagan%27s+Boyhood+Home-Presidents%3A+A+Discover+Our+Shared+Heritage+Travel+Itinerary&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nps.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnr%2Ftravel%2Fpresidents%2Fronald_reagan_boyhood_home.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-198"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-198"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/bonus-video/presidents-age-reagan/">https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/bonus-video/presidents-age-reagan/</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffeatures%2Fbonus-video%2Fpresidents-age-reagan%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> <SPAN style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Missing or empty <CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</CODE> (<A href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-199"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-199"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">National Constitution Center (February 6, 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.constitutioncenter.org/2013/02/10-interesting-facts-on-president-ronald-reagans-birthday/">"10 interesting facts on Ronald Reagan's birthday"</A>. <I>National Constitution Center</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 12,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=10+interesting+facts+on+Ronald+Reagan%27s+birthday&rft.au=National+Constitution+Center&rft.date=2013-02-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Constitution+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.constitutioncenter.org%2F2013%2F02%2F10-interesting-facts-on-president-ronald-reagans-birthday%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Trump-CBS-200"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Trump-CBS_200-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Trump-CBS_200-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Trump-CBS_200-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/will-donald-trump-be-the-first-president-who-has-been-divorced/">"Will Donald Trump be the first president who has been divorced?"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</A></I>. 9 November 2016<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 December</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Will+Donald+Trump+be+the+first+president+who+has+been+divorced%3F&rft.date=2016-11-09&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fwill-donald-trump-be-the-first-president-who-has-been-divorced%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-201"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-201"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001654/bio">"Ronald Reagan @ IMDB"</A>. <A href="/wiki/IMDB" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDB">IMDB</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Ronald+Reagan+%40+IMDB&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=IMDB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0001654%2Fbio&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-202"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-202"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inaugural.senate.gov/days-events/presidents-swearing-in-ceremony">"President's Swearing-In Ceremony - The Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=President%27s+Swearing-In+Ceremony+-+The+Joint+Congressional+Committee+on+Inaugural+Ceremonies&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inaugural.senate.gov%2Fdays-events%2Fpresidents-swearing-in-ceremony&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-203"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-203"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.nyse.com/about/newsevents/1173438599705.html">"NYSE, New York Stock Exchange > About Us > News & Events > NYSE Calendar"</A>. .nyse.com. 1985-03-28<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-07-20</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=NYSE%2C+New+York+Stock+Exchange+%3E+About+Us+%3E+News+%26+Events+%3E+NYSE+Calendar&rft.date=1985-03-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=.nyse.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyse.com%2Fabout%2Fnewsevents%2F1173438599705.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-204"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-204"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=42614">"Address to Members of the British Parliament"</A>. The American Presidency Project. 8 June 1982<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">16 November</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Address+to+Members+of+the+British+Parliament&rft.date=1982-06-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2Findex.php%3Fpid%3D42614&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-205"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-205"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Biery, Maria (August 5, 2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/who-was-the-first-u.s.-president-to-attend-the-olympics/article/2598724">"Who was the first U.S. president to attend the Olympics?"</A>. Washington Examiner<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 22,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.aulast=Biery&rft.btitle=Who+was+the+first+U.S.+president+to+attend+the+Olympics%3F&rft.date=2016-08-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Washington+Examiner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Fwho-was-the-first-u.s.-president-to-attend-the-olympics%2Farticle%2F2598724&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-206"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-206"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/prepreschrono.html">"Ronald Reagan’s Pre-Presidential Time Line, 1911–1980"</A>. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 2,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Ronald+Reagan%E2%80%99s+Pre-Presidential+Time+Line%2C+1911%E2%80%931980&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ronald+Reagan+Presidential+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reagan.utexas.edu%2Farchives%2Freference%2Fprepreschrono.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-207"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-207"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">John T. Wooley; Gerhard Peters. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/acting_presidents.php">"List of Vice-Presidents Who Served as "Acting" President Under the 25th Amendment"</A>. <I>The American Presidency Project</I>. University of California, Santa Barbara<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 1,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=List+of+Vice-Presidents+Who+Served+as+%22Acting%22+President+Under+the+25th+Amendment&rft.au=Gerhard+Peters&rft.au=John+T.+Wooley&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Facting_presidents.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-208"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-208"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/nigeria">"Presidents' Travels to the Netherlands"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+the+Netherlands&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fnigeria&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-209"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-209"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/hungary">"Presidents' Travels to Hungary"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+Hungary&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fhungary&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-210"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-210"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/14/us/george-h-w-bush---fast-facts">"George H.W. Bush - Fast Facts"</A>. <I>CNN.com</I>. CNN<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 1,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=George+H.W.+Bush+-+Fast+Facts&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2012%2F12%2F14%2Fus%2Fgeorge-h-w-bush---fast-facts&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-211"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-211"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/12/us/cia-directors-fast-facts/">"CIA Directors Fast Facts"</A>. <I>CNN.com</I>. CNN<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 1,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=CIA+Directors+Fast+Facts&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2013%2F11%2F12%2Fus%2Fcia-directors-fast-facts%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-212"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-212"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2010-featured-story-archive/presidential-reflections-george-h.w.-bush.html">"Presidential Reflections on U.S. Intelligence: George H.W. Bush"</A>. <I>www.cia.gov</I>. <A href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 1,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Presidential+Reflections+on+U.S.+Intelligence%3A+George+H.W.+Bush&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fnews-information%2Ffeatured-story-archive%2F2010-featured-story-archive%2Fpresidential-reflections-george-h.w.-bush.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-213"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-213"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/bush/">"Timeline - George H.W. Bush - American Experience"</A>. <I>www.pbs.org</I>. PBS (<A href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</A>)<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 1,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Timeline+-+George+H.W.+Bush+-+American+Experience&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pbs.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffeatures%2Ftimeline%2Fbush%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-214"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-214"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Camia, Catalina (6 January 2015). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/01/06/george-and-barbara-bush-70-anniversary/21344481/">"George and Barbara Bush celebrate 70th anniversary"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 July</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=George+and+Barbara+Bush+celebrate+70th+anniversary&rft.aufirst=Catalina&rft.aulast=Camia&rft.date=2015-01-06&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2015%2F01%2F06%2Fgeorge-and-barbara-bush-70-anniversary%2F21344481%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-215"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-215"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/denmark">"Presidents' Travels to Denmark"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+Denmark&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fdenmark&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-216"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-216"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/ukraine">"Presidents' Travels to Ukraine"</A>. U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Presidents%27+Travels+to+Ukraine&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fdepartmenthistory%2Ftravels%2Fpresident%2Fukraine&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-217"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-217"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Lacey, Marc (June 30, 2000). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/30/us/first-asian-american-picked-for-cabinet.html">"First Asian-American Picked for Cabinet"</A>. New York Times<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 25,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.btitle=First+Asian-American+Picked+for+Cabinet&rft.date=2000-06-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F06%2F30%2Fus%2Ffirst-asian-american-picked-for-cabinet.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-218"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-218"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Jehl, Douglas (July 13, 1994). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/13/world/with-a-few-strides-clinton-celebrates-germany-s-unity.html">"With a Few Strides, Clinton Celebrates Germany's Unity"</A>. New York Times<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 7,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Jehl%2C+Douglas&rft.btitle=With+a+Few+Strides%2C+Clinton+Celebrates+Germany%27s+Unity&rft.date=1994-07-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F07%2F13%2Fworld%2Fwith-a-few-strides-clinton-celebrates-germany-s-unity.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-219"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-219"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article623623/Clinton-USA-an-starkem-Europa-interessiert.html">"Clinton: USA an starkem Europa interessiert"</A> (in German). Die Welt. May 14, 1998<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 7,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Clinton%3A+USA+an+starkem+Europa+interessiert&rft.date=1998-05-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Die+Welt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welt.de%2Fprint-welt%2Farticle623623%2FClinton-USA-an-starkem-Europa-interessiert.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-220"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-220"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201084305/https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/georgewbush">"George W. Bush"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</A></I>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/georgewbush">the original</A> on 1 February 2017<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">13 February</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=George+W.+Bush&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2F1600%2Fpresidents%2Fgeorgewbush&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-221"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-221"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teamusa.org/News/2009/February/04/Amazing-Moments-in-Olympic-History-Salt-Lake-City-2002-Olympic-Winter-Games-Opening-Ceremony">"Amazing Moments in Olympic History: Salt Lake City 2002 Olympic Winter Games Opening Ceremony"</A>. United States Olympic Committee. February 4, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 22,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Amazing+Moments+in+Olympic+History%3A+Salt+Lake+City+2002+Olympic+Winter+Games+Opening+Ceremony&rft.date=2009-02-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Olympic+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teamusa.org%2FNews%2F2009%2FFebruary%2F04%2FAmazing-Moments-in-Olympic-History-Salt-Lake-City-2002-Olympic-Winter-Games-Opening-Ceremony&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-222"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-222"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26081584/ns/world_news-asia_pacific/t/bush-turns-attention-politics-olympics/">"Bush turns attention from politics to Olympics"</A>. NBCNews.com. August 7, 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 22,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Bush+turns+attention+from+politics+to+Olympics&rft.date=2008-08-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NBCNews.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2F26081584%2Fns%2Fworld_news-asia_pacific%2Ft%2Fbush-turns-attention-politics-olympics%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-223"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-223"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/George_Walker_Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="George Walker Bush">Bush, George Walker</A>. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ww7nCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA271&lpg=PA271&dq=president+to+leave+office+with+both+parents+living&source=bl&ots=etPN8AXcLc&sig=KTEIPfKSmQVq9HuDbV1xENmwITA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiU4NXykaPSAhULjZQKHec6D1oQ6AEIMzAE#v=onepage&q=president%20to%20leave%20office%20with%20both%20parents%20living&f=false"><I>41: a Portrait of My Father</I></A>. Ebury Publishing. p. 40. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780753556603" title="Special:BookSources/9780753556603">9780753556603</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 February</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=George+Walker&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.btitle=41%3A+a+Portrait+of+My+Father&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780753556603&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Ebury+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dww7nCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA271%26lpg%3DPA271%26dq%3Dpresident%2Bto%2Bleave%2Boffice%2Bwith%2Bboth%2Bparents%2Bliving%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DetPN8AXcLc%26sig%3DKTEIPfKSmQVq9HuDbV1xENmwITA%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiU4NXykaPSAhULjZQKHec6D1oQ6AEIMzAE%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dpresident%2520to%2520leave%2520office%2520with%2520both%2520parents%2520living%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-224"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-224"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Rudin, Ken (December 23, 2009). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/blogs/politicaljunkie/2009/12/todays_junkie_segment_on_totn_5.html">"Today's Junkie segment on TOTN: a political review Of 2009"</A>. <I>Talk of the Nation (Political Junkie blog)</I>. NPR<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 18,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>. <Q>We began with the historic inauguration on January 20—yes, the first president ever born in Hawaii</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Today%27s+Junkie+segment+on+TOTN%3A+a+political+review+Of+2009&rft.au=Rudin%2C+Ken&rft.date=2009-12-23&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Talk+of+the+Nation+%28Political+Junkie+blog%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fblogs%2Fpoliticaljunkie%2F2009%2F12%2Ftodays_junkie_segment_on_totn_5.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-225"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-225"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/barack-obama">"Barack Obama (U.S. Presidents)"</A>. History Channel.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Barack+Obama+%28U.S.+Presidents%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=History+Channel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fus-presidents%2Fbarack-obama&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-226"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-226"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Marie Arana (2008-12-01). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2008/11/26/DI2008112602633.html">"Outlook: First Multiracial President"</A>. Washington Post.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Marie+Arana&rft.btitle=Outlook%3A+First+Multiracial+President&rft.date=2008-12-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Fdiscussion%2F2008%2F11%2F26%2FDI2008112602633.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-227"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-227"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Sam Stein (2012-05-09). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/09/obama-gay-marriage_n_1503245.html">"Obama Backs Gay Marriage"</A>. Huffington Post.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Sam+Stein&rft.btitle=Obama+Backs+Gay+Marriage&rft.date=2012-05-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Huffington+Post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2012%2F05%2F09%2Fobama-gay-marriage_n_1503245.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-228"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-228"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Stephanie Dube Dwilson (October 20, 2015). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heavy.com/news/2015/10/joe-biden-religion-faith-catholic-jewish-family-wife-children-beau-hallie-ashley-mass-church-president/">"Joe Biden’s Religion: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know"</A>. Heavy.com.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Stephanie+Dube+Dwilson&rft.btitle=Joe+Biden%E2%80%99s+Religion%3A+5+Fast+Facts+You+Need+to+Know&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Heavy.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheavy.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F10%2Fjoe-biden-religion-faith-catholic-jewish-family-wife-children-beau-hallie-ashley-mass-church-president%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-229"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-229"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Nitya Venkataraman (August 6, 2009). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/SoniaSotomayor/story?id=8260207&page=1">"Senate Votes Sonia Sotomayor As First Hispanic Supreme Court Justice"</A>. <A href="/wiki/ABC_News" title="ABC News">ABC News</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Nitya+Venkataraman&rft.btitle=Senate+Votes+Sonia+Sotomayor+As+First+Hispanic+Supreme+Court+Justice&rft.date=2009-08-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2FSoniaSotomayor%2Fstory%3Fid%3D8260207%26page%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-230"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-230"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2015/7/11/8933095/obama-prison-visit">"Obama is the first president to visit a federal prison. Here's why."</A>. Vox<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-07-20</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Obama+is+the+first+president+to+visit+a+federal+prison.+Here%27s+why.&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Vox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2015%2F7%2F11%2F8933095%2Fobama-prison-visit&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-231"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-231"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Liptak, Kevin. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/27/politics/obama-hiroshima-japan/">"Obama in Hiroshima calls for 'world without nuclear weapons' - CNNPolitics.com"</A>. Edition.cnn.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2016-05-27</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.aulast=Liptak&rft.btitle=Obama+in+Hiroshima+calls+for+%27world+without+nuclear+weapons%27+-+CNNPolitics.com&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Edition.cnn.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2016%2F05%2F27%2Fpolitics%2Fobama-hiroshima-japan%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-232"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-232"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/10/09/us.nobel.presidents/">"Obama's win unique among presidents"</A>. CNN.com. October 9, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 22,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Obama%27s+win+unique+among+presidents&rft.date=2009-10-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=CNN.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2009%2FPOLITICS%2F10%2F09%2Fus.nobel.presidents%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-233"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-233"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Obama, Barack (2 August 2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2533698">"United States Health Care Reform"</A>. <I>JAMA</I>. <B>316</B> (5). <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</A> <SPAN class="plainlinks"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5069435">5069435</A> <IMG alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" title="Freely accessible" width="9" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></SPAN>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400401">27400401</A>. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.2016.9797">10.1001/jama.2016.9797</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=United+States+Health+Care+Reform&rft.aufirst=Barack&rft.aulast=Obama&rft.date=2016-08-02&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.volume=316&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5069435&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjamanetwork.com%2Fjournals%2Fjama%2Ffullarticle%2F2533698&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.2016.9797&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27400401&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-234"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-234"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-visits-buchenwald-concentration-camp/">"Obama Visits Buchenwald Concentration Camp"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=Obama+Visits+Buchenwald+Concentration+Camp&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fobama-visits-buchenwald-concentration-camp%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-235"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-235"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://change.gov/newsroom/entry/new_official_portrait_released/">"New official portrait released Wednesday"</A>. change.gov, <A href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President-Elect" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the President-Elect">Office of the President-Elect</A>. January 14, 2009.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.btitle=New+official+portrait+released+Wednesday&rft.date=2009-01-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=change.gov%2C+Office+of+the+President-Elect&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchange.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fentry%2Fnew_official_portrait_released%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-236"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-236"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Kurtzleben, Danielle (14 June 2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/2016/06/14/481991965/its-trumps-birthday-if-he-wins-hed-be-the-oldest-president-ever-to-take-office">"It's Trump's Birthday. If He Wins, He'd Be The Oldest President Ever To Take Office"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">8 December</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=It%27s+Trump%27s+Birthday.+If+He+Wins%2C+He%27d+Be+The+Oldest+President+Ever+To+Take+Office&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft.aulast=Kurtzleben&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2016%2F06%2F14%2F481991965%2Fits-trumps-birthday-if-he-wins-hed-be-the-oldest-president-ever-to-take-office&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-237"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-237"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Yomtov, Jesse (8 November 2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/11/08/donald-trump-experience-president/93504134/">"Where Trump ranks among least experienced presidents"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">14 February</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Where+Trump+ranks+among+least+experienced+presidents&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft.aulast=Yomtov&rft.date=2016-11-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fonpolitics%2F2016%2F11%2F08%2Fdonald-trump-experience-president%2F93504134%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-238"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-238"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Montanaro, Domenico (23 April 2017). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/2017/04/23/525111191/trump-s-first-100-days-an-entry-level-presidency">"Trump's First 100 Days: An 'Entry-Level' Presidency"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 July</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+First+100+Days%3A+An+%27Entry-Level%27+Presidency&rft.aufirst=Domenico&rft.aulast=Montanaro&rft.date=2017-04-23&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2017%2F04%2F23%2F525111191%2Ftrump-s-first-100-days-an-entry-level-presidency&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-239"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-239"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation magazine">Kate Vinton (November 9, 2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevinton/2016/11/09/billionaires-react-to-the-election-of-americas-first-billionaire-president/#12121075bafc">"Billionaires React To The Election Of America's First Billionaire President"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</A></I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Kate+Vinton&rft.btitle=Billionaires+React+To+The+Election+Of+America%27s+First+Billionaire+President&rft.date=2016-11-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fkatevinton%2F2016%2F11%2F09%2Fbillionaires-react-to-the-election-of-americas-first-billionaire-president%2F%2312121075bafc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-240"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-240"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Gabby Morrongiello (November 10, 2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/conway-shatters-glass-ceiling-as-first-woman-to-run-a-successful-presidential-campaign/article/2607038">"Conway shatters glass ceiling as first woman to run a successful presidential campaign"</A>. Washington Examiner.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Gabby+Morrongiello&rft.btitle=Conway+shatters+glass+ceiling+as+first+woman+to+run+a+successful+presidential+campaign&rft.date=2016-11-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Washington+Examiner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Fconway-shatters-glass-ceiling-as-first-woman-to-run-a-successful-presidential-campaign%2Farticle%2F2607038&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-241"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-241"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Luke Baker (2017-05-22). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-western-wall-israel-visit-first-us-president-visit-holy-site-a7749861.html">"Donald Trump becomes first sitting US president to visit Western Wall"</A>. The Independent<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-05-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Luke+Baker&rft.btitle=Donald+Trump+becomes+first+sitting+US+president+to+visit+Western+Wall&rft.date=2017-05-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Independent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fus-politics%2Ftrump-western-wall-israel-visit-first-us-president-visit-holy-site-a7749861.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-242"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-242"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Grenell, Richard (2 November 2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/nov/2/donald-trump-holds-high-flag-gay-equality/">"Donald Trump holds high the flag for gay equality"</A>. <I>The Washington Times</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-07-10</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+holds+high+the+flag+for+gay+equality&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=Grenell&rft.date=2016-11-02&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2Fnov%2F2%2Fdonald-trump-holds-high-flag-gay-equality%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-243"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-243"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/trump-pleased-nikki-haley-first-indian-american-cabinet-official/story-79wZMt9koWYheXTlMWqa4H.html">"Trump pleased Nikki Haley first Indian-American cabinet official"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</A></I>. 2017-01-26<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-07-10</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Trump+pleased+Nikki+Haley+first+Indian-American+cabinet+official&rft.date=2017-01-26&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fworld-news%2Ftrump-pleased-nikki-haley-first-indian-american-cabinet-official%2Fstory-79wZMt9koWYheXTlMWqa4H.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-244"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-244"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Politi, Daniel (26 February 2017). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2017/02/26/trump_is_first_president_to_have_a_net_negative_approval_rating_in_first.html">"Trump Is First President to Begin Tenure With Net Negative Approval Rating"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 July</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=Trump+Is+First+President+to+Begin+Tenure+With+Net+Negative+Approval+Rating&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.aulast=Politi&rft.date=2017-02-26&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fblogs%2Fthe_slatest%2F2017%2F02%2F26%2Ftrump_is_first_president_to_have_a_net_negative_approval_rating_in_first.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-245"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-245"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/for-trump-little-beats-a-military-parade-1500026510">"For Trump little beats a military parade"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</A></I>. 2017-07-15<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-07-16</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.atitle=For+Trump+little+beats+a+military+parade&rft.date=2017-07-15&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ffor-trump-little-beats-a-military-parade-1500026510&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFBrands1997" class="citation"><A href="/wiki/H._W._Brands" title="H. W. Brands">Brands, Henry William</A> (1997), <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36954615?referer=di&ht=edition"><I>TR: The Last Romantic</I></A> (full biography), New York: Basic Books, <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-06958-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-06958-3">978-0-465-06958-3</A>, <A href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/36954615">36954615</A></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Henry+William&rft.aulast=Brands&rft.btitle=TR%3A+The+Last+Romantic&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-465-06958-3&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F36954615%3Freferer%3Ddi%26ht%3Dedition&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F36954615&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN>.</LI>
<LI>Hardesty, Von. <I>Air Force One: The Aircraft that Shaped the Modern Presidency.</I> Chanhassen, Minnesota: Northword Press, 2003. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55971-894-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-55971-894-3">1-55971-894-3</A>.</LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/Margaret_Leech" title="Margaret Leech">Leech, Margaret</A> (1959). <I>In the Days of McKinley</I>. New York: Harper and Brothers. pp. 594–600. <A href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/456809">456809</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.aulast=Leech&rft.btitle=In+the+Days+of+McKinley&rft.date=1959&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=594-600&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+and+Brothers&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F456809&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFMiller1992" class="citation">Miller, Nathan (1992), <I>Theodore Roosevelt: A Life</I>, William Morrow & Co</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.btitle=Theodore+Roosevelt%3A+A+Life&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=William+Morrow+%26+Co&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN>.</LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFPringle_vol_1" class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/Henry_F._Pringle" title="Henry F. Pringle">Pringle, Henry F.</A> (1939). <I>The Life and Times of William Howard Taft: A Biography</I>. <B>1</B> (2008 reprint ed.). Newtown, CT: American Political Biography Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-945707-20-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-945707-20-2">978-0-945707-20-2</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Henry+F.&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+William+Howard+Taft%3A+A+Biography&rft.date=1939&rft.edition=2008+reprint&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-945707-20-2&rft.place=Newtown%2C+CT&rft.pub=American+Political+Biography+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFPringle_vol_2" class="citation book">Pringle, Henry F. (1939). <I>The Life and Times of William Howard Taft: A Biography</I>. <B>2</B> (2008 reprint ed.). Newtown, CT: American Political Biography Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-945707-19-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-945707-19-6">978-0-945707-19-6</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.aufirst=Henry+F.&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+William+Howard+Taft%3A+A+Biography&rft.date=1939&rft.edition=2008+reprint&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-945707-19-6&rft.place=Newtown%2C+CT&rft.pub=American+Political+Biography+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFBlake_EstinGeorge_Magazine1998" class="citation">Blake Estin; <A href="/wiki/George_(magazine)" title="George (magazine)">George Magazine</A> (1998), <I>The Book of Political Lists</I>, Villard, <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375750-11-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375750-11-3">978-0-375750-11-3</A></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Presidential+firsts&rft.au=Blake+Estin&rft.au=George+Magazine&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Political+Lists&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-375750-11-3&rft.pub=Villard&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Presidential_firsts&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.american-presidents-history.com/presidential-firsts.html">Presidential Firsts</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inaugural.senate.gov/about/facts-and-firsts">Inaugural Firsts</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourwhitehouse.org/fieldguidestate.html">List of Presidential birthplaces, libraries, museums and graves</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of Presidents of the United States">List of Presidents</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of Vice Presidents of the United States">List of Vice Presidents</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</TH>
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<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age" title="List of Presidents of the United States by age">Age</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_autobiographies_by_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of autobiographies by presidents of the United States">Autobiographies</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_date_and_place_of_birth" title="List of Presidents of the United States by date and place of birth">Birth</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_burial_places_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of burial places of Presidents of the United States">Burial places</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_date_of_death" title="List of Presidents of the United States by date of death">Death</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Historical rankings of presidents of the United States">Historical rankings</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lifespan_timeline_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Lifespan timeline of Presidents of the United States">Lifespan timeline</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Living_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Living Presidents of the United States">Number living</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_time_in_office" title="List of Presidents of the United States by time in office">Time in office</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Former_Presidents_Act" title="Former Presidents Act">Pension and Benefits</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Portraits_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Portraits of Presidents of the United States">Portraits</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professional<BR />
careers</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_approval_rating" title="United States presidential approval rating">Approval rating</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_assassination_attempts_and_plots" title="List of United States presidential assassination attempts and plots">Assassination attempts and plots</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._presidential_campaign_slogans" title="List of U.S. presidential campaign slogans">Campaign slogans</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_and_control_of_Congress" title="Presidents of the United States and control of Congress">Control of Congress</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_doctrines" title="United States presidential doctrines">Doctrines</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_inaugurations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States presidential inaugurations">Inaugurations</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">International trips</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_judicial_appointments" title="List of Presidents of the United States by judicial appointments">Judicial appointments</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Presidential_libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Presidential libraries">Libraries</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_military_rank" title="List of presidents of the United States by military rank">Military rank</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_military_service" title="List of Presidents of the United States by military service">Military service</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_other_offices_held" title="List of Presidents of the United States by other offices held">Other offices held</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_or_granted_clemency_by_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the President of the United States">Pardons</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_previous_experience" title="List of Presidents of the United States by previous experience">Previous experience</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_vetoes" title="List of United States presidential vetoes">Vetoes</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal life</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_personal_coats_of_arms_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of personal coats of arms of Presidents of the United States">Coats of arms</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_who_died_in_office" title="List of Presidents of the United States who died in office">Deaths in office</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_education" title="List of Presidents of the United States by education">Education</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_with_facial_hair" title="List of Presidents of the United States with facial hair">Facial hair</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Firsts</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_multilingual_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of multilingual presidents of the United States">Multilingualism</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_net_worth" title="List of Presidents of the United States by net worth">Net worth</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of nicknames of Presidents of the United States">Nicknames</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_pets" title="United States presidential pets">Pets</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_home_state" title="List of Presidents of the United States by home state">Home state</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_occupation" title="List of Presidents of the United States by occupation">Previous occupation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Religious_affiliations_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Religious affiliations of Presidents of the United States">Religious affiliation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_residences_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of residences of Presidents of the United States">Residences</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_who_owned_slaves" title="List of Presidents of the United States who owned slaves">Slave owners</A></LI>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice Presidents</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age" title="List of Vice Presidents of the United States by age">Age</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_personal_coats_of_arms_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of personal coats of arms of Vice Presidents of the United States">Coats of arms</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_education" title="List of Vice Presidents of the United States by education">Education</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Living_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Living Vice Presidents of the United States">Number living</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_other_offices_held" title="List of Vice Presidents of the United States by other offices held">Other offices held</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_place_of_primary_affiliation" title="List of Vice Presidents of the United States by place of primary affiliation">Place of primary affiliation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_religious_affiliation" title="List of Vice Presidents of the United States by religious affiliation">Religious affiliation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of tie-breaking votes cast by vice presidents of the United States">Tie-breaking votes</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_time_in_office" title="List of Vice Presidents of the United States by time in office">Time in office</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Succession</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Acting_President_of_the_United_States" title="Acting President of the United States">Acting President</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Designated_survivor" title="Designated survivor">Designated survivor</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">Line of succession</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">Elections</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_Electoral_College_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by Electoral College margin">Electoral College margin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_popular_vote_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin">Popular vote margin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_summary" title="United States presidential election summary">Summary</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">Winner lost popular vote</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_candidates" title="List of United States presidential candidates">Candidates</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">Democrat</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Republican_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets">Republican</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_major_third_party_presidential_tickets_(1789%E2%80%931860)" title="List of United States major third party presidential tickets (1789–1860)">Third party</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Progressive_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Progressive Party presidential tickets">Progressive</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_National_Republican/Whig_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States National Republican/Whig Party presidential tickets">National Republican/Whig</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_presidential_and_vice_presidential_candidates" title="List of African-American United States presidential and vice presidential candidates">African American</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_female_United_States_presidential_and_vice-presidential_candidates" title="List of female United States presidential and vice-presidential candidates">Female</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_received_an_electoral_vote_in_the_United_States_Electoral_College" title="List of people who received an electoral vote in the United States Electoral College">Received at least one electoral vote</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Heights_of_presidents_and_presidential_candidates_of_the_United_States" title="Heights of presidents and presidential candidates of the United States">Height</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_major-party_United_States_presidential_candidates_who_lost_their_birth_or_resident_state" title="List of major-party United States presidential candidates who lost their birth or resident state">Lost their home state</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Families</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/First_Family_of_the_United_States" title="First Family of the United States">First Families</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_First_Ladies_of_the_United_States" title="List of First Ladies of the United States">First Ladies</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Second_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="Second Lady of the United States">Second Ladies</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_children_of_the_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of children of the Presidents of the United States">Children</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
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