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<TITLE>Gastrocnemius muscle - Wikipedia</TITLE>

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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Gastrocnemius muscle</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:antiquewhite"><I>Gastrocnemius muscle</I></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><A href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1909_303.png" class="image"><IMG alt="Sobo 1909 303.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sobo_1909_303.png/200px-Sobo_1909_303.png" width="200" height="603" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sobo_1909_303.png/300px-Sobo_1909_303.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sobo_1909_303.png/400px-Sobo_1909_303.png 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="3196" /></A></TD>
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<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #efefef">Details</TH>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em">Pronunciation</TH>
<TD><SPAN class="nowrap"><SPAN class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><A href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<SPAN style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><SPAN title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</SPAN><SPAN title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</SPAN><SPAN title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</SPAN><SPAN title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</SPAN><SPAN title="'t' in 'tie'">t</SPAN><SPAN title="'r' in 'rye'">r</SPAN><SPAN title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</SPAN><SPAN title="'k' in 'kind'">k</SPAN><SPAN title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</SPAN><SPAN title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</SPAN><SPAN title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</SPAN><SPAN title="'m' in 'my'">m</SPAN><SPAN title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</SPAN><SPAN title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</SPAN><SPAN title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</SPAN></SPAN>/</A></SPAN></SPAN> or <SPAN class="nowrap"><SPAN class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><A href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<SPAN style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><SPAN title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</SPAN><SPAN title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</SPAN><SPAN title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</SPAN><SPAN title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</SPAN><SPAN title="'t' in 'tie'">t</SPAN><SPAN title="'r' in 'rye'">r</SPAN><SPAN title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</SPAN><SPAN title="'k' in 'kind'">k</SPAN><SPAN title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</SPAN><SPAN title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</SPAN><SPAN title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</SPAN><SPAN title="'m' in 'my'">m</SPAN><SPAN title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</SPAN><SPAN title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</SPAN><SPAN title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</SPAN></SPAN>/</A></SPAN></SPAN></TD>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_muscle#Insertion_and_origin" title="Anatomical terms of muscle">Origin</A></TH>
<TD>superior to articular surfaces of <A href="/wiki/Lateral_condyle_of_femur" title="Lateral condyle of femur">lateral condyle of femur</A> and <A href="/wiki/Medial_condyle_of_femur" title="Medial condyle of femur">medial condyle of femur</A></TD>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_muscle#Insertion_and_origin" title="Anatomical terms of muscle">Insertion</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Achilles_tendon" title="Achilles tendon">tendo calcaneus</A> (achilles tendon) into mid-posterior <A href="/wiki/Calcaneus" title="Calcaneus">calcaneus</A></TD>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Artery</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Sural_arteries" title="Sural arteries">sural arteries</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">Nerve</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Tibial_nerve" title="Tibial nerve">tibial nerve</A> from the <A href="/wiki/Sciatic_nerve" title="Sciatic nerve">sciatic</A>, specifically, nerve roots S1–S2</TD>
</TR>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion" title="Anatomical terms of motion">Actions</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Plantarflexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantarflexion">plantar flexes</A> <A href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">foot</A>, <A href="/wiki/Flexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexion">flexes</A> <A href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">knee</A></TD>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Antagonist_(muscle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antagonist (muscle)">Antagonist</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Tibialis_anterior_muscle" title="Tibialis anterior muscle">Tibialis anterior muscle</A></TD>
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<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</TH>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA</A></TH>
<TD><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/04.7.02.044%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A04.7.02.044</A></TD>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</A></TH>
<TD><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma22541">22541</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><B><I><A href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_muscle" title="Anatomical terms of muscle">Anatomical terms of muscle</A></I></B>
<DIV style="text-align: right;"><SMALL class="noprint">[<A href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q943203" class="extiw" title="d:Q943203">edit on Wikidata</A>]</SMALL></DIV>
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<P>The <B>gastrocnemius muscle</B> (plural <I>gastrocnemii</I>) is a superficial two-headed muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg of <A href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</A>. It runs from its two heads just above the <A href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">knee</A> to the <A href="/wiki/Calcaneus" title="Calcaneus">heel</A>, a two joint muscle. The muscle is named via <A href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</A>, from <A href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</A> <I>γαστήρ</I> "stomach" and <I>κνήμη</I> (<I>knḗmē</I>) "leg"; meaning "stomach of leg" (referring to the bulging shape of the calf).</P>
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<H2>Contents</H2>
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<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Structure"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Structure</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><A href="#Variation"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Variation</SPAN></A></LI>
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<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><A href="#Function"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Function</SPAN></A>
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<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><A href="#Motor_pathway"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Motor pathway</SPAN></A></LI>
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</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#Clinical_significance"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Clinical significance</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><A href="#History"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">History</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><A href="#Additional_images"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Additional images</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Structure">Structure</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gastrocnemius_muscle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The gastrocnemius is located with the <A href="/wiki/Soleus_muscle" title="Soleus muscle">soleus</A> in the posterior (back) compartment of the leg. The lateral head originates from the lateral condyle of the femur, while the medial head originates from the medial condyle of the <A href="/wiki/Femur" title="Femur">femur</A>. Its other end forms a common tendon with the <A href="/wiki/Soleus_muscle" title="Soleus muscle">soleus muscle</A>; this tendon is known as the calcaneal tendon or <A href="/wiki/Achilles_tendon" title="Achilles tendon">Achilles Tendon</A> and inserts onto the posterior surface of the <A href="/wiki/Calcaneus" title="Calcaneus">calcaneus</A>, or heel bone. Further, it is considered a superficial muscle as it is located directly under skin, so its shape is clearly visible in a normal human being.</P>
<P>Deep to the gastrocnemius (farther from the skin) is the soleus muscle. Some anatomists consider both to be a single muscle, the <A href="/wiki/Triceps_surae_muscle" title="Triceps surae muscle">triceps surae</A> or "three-headed [muscle] of the calf", since they share a common insertion via the Achilles tendon. The <A href="/wiki/Plantaris_muscle" title="Plantaris muscle">plantaris</A> muscle and a portion of its tendon run between the two muscles, which is involved in "locking" the knee from the standing position. Since the anterior compartment of the leg is lateral to the tibia, the bulge of muscle medial to the <A href="/wiki/Tibia" title="Tibia">tibia</A> on the anterior side is actually the posterior compartment. The soleus is superficial to the mid-shaft of the tibia.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Variation">Variation</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gastrocnemius_muscle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Variation">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>10% to 30% of individuals have a <A href="/wiki/Sesamoid_bone" title="Sesamoid bone">sesamoid bone</A> called the "<A href="/wiki/Fabella" title="Fabella">fabella</A>" in the lateral (outer) head of gastrocnemius muscle.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Function">Function</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gastrocnemius_muscle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Function">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Along with the <A href="/wiki/Soleus_muscle" title="Soleus muscle">soleus muscle</A>, the gastrocnemius forms half of the <A href="/wiki/Triceps_surae_muscle" title="Triceps surae muscle">calf muscle</A>. Its function is <A href="/wiki/Plantarflexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantarflexion">plantar flexing</A> the foot at the ankle joint and flexing the leg at the knee joint.</P>
<P>The gastrocnemius is primarily involved in running, jumping and other "fast" movements of leg, and to a lesser degree in walking and standing. This specialization is connected to the predominance of white muscle fibers (type II fast twitch) present in the gastrocnemius, as opposed to the soleus, which has more red muscle fibers (type I slow twitch) and is the primary active muscle when standing still, as determined by EMG studies.<SUP id="cite_ref-Moore_6th_1-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Moore_6th-1">[1]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-McGraw-Hill_2-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-McGraw-Hill-2">[2]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Motor_pathway">Motor pathway</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gastrocnemius_muscle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Motor pathway">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The plan to use the gastrocnemius in running, jumping, knee and plantar flexing is created in the <A href="/wiki/Precentral_gyrus" title="Precentral gyrus">precentral gyrus</A> in the cerebrum of the brain.<SUP id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-3">[3]</A></SUP> Once a plan is produced, the signal is sent to and down an upper motor neuron. The signal is passed through the internal capsule and decussates, or crosses, in the medulla oblongata, specifically in the lateral corticospinal tract.<SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP> The signal continues down through the anterior horn of the spinal cord where the upper motor neuron synapses with the lower motor neuron. Signal propagation continues down the anterior rami (Lumbar 4-5 and Sacral 1-5) of the sacral plexus. The sciatic nerve branches off of the sacral plexus in which the tibial and common fibular nerves are wrapped in one sheath. The tibial nerve eventually separates from the sciatic nerve and innervates the gastrocnemius muscle. Thus, completing the plan the brain had originally started with, so that the actions of running, standing, and jumping could be executed.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gastrocnemius_muscle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Clinical significance">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The gastrocnemius muscle is prone to <A href="/wiki/Spasm" title="Spasm">spasms</A>, which are painful, involuntary contractions of the muscle that may last several minutes.<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP></P>
<P>A severe ankle dorsiflexion force may result in an injury of the muscle, commonly referred to as a "torn" or "strained" calf muscle, which is acutely painful and disabling.</P>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Medial_Gastrocnemius_Strain-0044.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Medial_Gastrocnemius_Strain-0044.jpg/220px-Medial_Gastrocnemius_Strain-0044.jpg" width="220" height="166" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Medial_Gastrocnemius_Strain-0044.jpg/330px-Medial_Gastrocnemius_Strain-0044.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Medial_Gastrocnemius_Strain-0044.jpg/440px-Medial_Gastrocnemius_Strain-0044.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /></A>
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Ultrasound of medial gastrocnemius strain</DIV>
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<P>The gastrocnemius muscle may also become <A href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflamed</A> due to overuse. <A href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">Anti-inflammatory</A> medications and physical therapy (heat, massage, and stretching) may be useful.</P>
<P>Anatomical abnormalities involving the medial head of gastrocnemius muscle result in <A href="/wiki/Popliteal_artery_entrapment_syndrome" title="Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome">popliteal artery entrapment syndrome</A>.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="History">History</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gastrocnemius_muscle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>In a 1967 <A href="/wiki/Electromyography" title="Electromyography">EMG</A> study, Herman and Bragin concluded that its most important role was <A href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Relative_directions_in_the_limbs" title="Anatomical terms of location">plantar</A> flexing in large contractions and in rapid development of tension.<SUP id="cite_ref-McGraw-Hill_2-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-McGraw-Hill-2">[2]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Additional_images">Additional images</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gastrocnemius_muscle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Additional images">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<DIV style="margin:15px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1909_579-580.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sobo_1909_579-580.png/94px-Sobo_1909_579-580.png" width="94" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sobo_1909_579-580.png/140px-Sobo_1909_579-580.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sobo_1909_579-580.png/187px-Sobo_1909_579-580.png 2x" data-file-width="1189" data-file-height="1524" /></A></DIV>
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<P>Nerves, arteries and veins surrounding the gastrocnemius and soleus.</P>
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<DIV style="margin:15px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1909_304.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Sobo_1909_304.png/37px-Sobo_1909_304.png" width="37" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Sobo_1909_304.png/56px-Sobo_1909_304.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Sobo_1909_304.png/75px-Sobo_1909_304.png 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="3260" /></A></DIV>
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<P>Muscle layer under the gastrocnemius</P>
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<DIV style="margin:24.5px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:Braus_1921_293.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Braus_1921_293.png/120px-Braus_1921_293.png" width="120" height="101" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Braus_1921_293.png/180px-Braus_1921_293.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Braus_1921_293.png/240px-Braus_1921_293.png 2x" data-file-width="1616" data-file-height="1360" /></A></DIV>
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<P>Cross section of the lower leg, showing the gastrocnemius at the back.</P>
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<DIV style="margin:30px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:Slide6i.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Slide6i.JPG/120px-Slide6i.JPG" width="120" height="90" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Slide6i.JPG/180px-Slide6i.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Slide6i.JPG/240px-Slide6i.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></A></DIV>
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<P>Gastrocnemius muscle</P>
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<DIV style="margin:15px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:Gastrocnemius.png" class="image"><IMG alt="Gastrocnemius.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gastrocnemius.png/115px-Gastrocnemius.png" width="115" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gastrocnemius.png/173px-Gastrocnemius.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gastrocnemius.png/230px-Gastrocnemius.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="532" /></A></DIV>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gastrocnemius_muscle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<LI id="cite_note-Moore_6th-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Moore_6th_1-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><I>Clinically Oriented Anatomy</I>. pp. 598–600. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60547-652-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60547-652-0">978-1-60547-652-0</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clinically+Oriented+Anatomy&rft.pages=598-600&rft.isbn=978-1-60547-652-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGastrocnemius+muscle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-McGraw-Hill-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-McGraw-Hill_2-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-McGraw-Hill_2-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Hamilton, Nancy; Luttgens, Kathryn (2001). <I>Kinesiology: Scientific Basis of Human Motion</I> (10th ed.). <A href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-248910-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-248910-1">978-0-07-248910-1</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kinesiology%3A+Scientific+Basis+of+Human+Motion&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-07-248910-1&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.au=Luttgens%2C+Kathryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGastrocnemius+muscle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-3"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Freberg, Laura (2015-01-01). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=duouBgAAQBAJ"><I>Discovering Behavioral Neuroscience: An Introduction to Biological Psychology</I></A>. Cengage Learning. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781305687738" title="Special:BookSources/9781305687738">9781305687738</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+Behavioral+Neuroscience%3A+An+Introduction+to+Biological+Psychology&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.isbn=9781305687738&rft.aulast=Freberg&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DduouBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGastrocnemius+muscle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Saladin, Kenneth (2015). <I>Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function</I>. McGraw-Hill Education.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+%26+Physiology%3A+The+Unity+of+Form+and+Function.&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Saladin&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGastrocnemius+muscle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/nighttime-leg-cramps-topic-overview">"Nighttime Leg Cramps"</A>. <A href="/wiki/WebMD" title="WebMD">WebMD</A>. August 19, 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 7,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nighttime+Leg+Cramps&rft.pub=WebMD&rft.date=2010-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fa-to-z-guides%2Fnighttime-leg-cramps-topic-overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGastrocnemius+muscle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gastrocnemius_muscle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l14/st0405.htm">Anatomy photo:14:st-0405</A> at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center</LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Gluteus_medius_muscle" title="Gluteus medius muscle">medius</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><SPAN style="font-weight:normal;"><I><A href="/wiki/Lateral_rotator_group" title="Lateral rotator group">lateral rotator group</A>:</I></SPAN></TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Quadratus_femoris_muscle" title="Quadratus femoris muscle">quadratus femoris</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Superior_gemellus_muscle" title="Superior gemellus muscle">superior gemellus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Internal_obturator_muscle" title="Internal obturator muscle">internal obturator</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/External_obturator_muscle" title="External obturator muscle">external obturator</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Piriformis_muscle" title="Piriformis muscle">piriformis</A></LI>
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<A href="/wiki/Fascial_compartments_of_thigh" title="Fascial compartments of thigh">compartments</A></TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Sartorius_muscle" title="Sartorius muscle">sartorius</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Rectus_femoris_muscle" title="Rectus femoris muscle">rectus femoris</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Vastus_lateralis_muscle" title="Vastus lateralis muscle">vastus lateralis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Vastus_intermedius_muscle" title="Vastus intermedius muscle">vastus intermedius</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Vastus_medialis" title="Vastus medialis">vastus medialis</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Articularis_genus_muscle" title="Articularis genus muscle">articularis genus</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Posterior_compartment_of_thigh" title="Posterior compartment of thigh">Posterior</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hamstring" title="Hamstring">hamstring</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Biceps_femoris_muscle" title="Biceps femoris muscle">biceps femoris</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Semitendinosus_muscle" title="Semitendinosus muscle">semitendinosus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Semimembranosus_muscle" title="Semimembranosus muscle">semimembranosus</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Medial_compartment_of_thigh" title="Medial compartment of thigh">Medial</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pectineus_muscle" title="Pectineus muscle">pectineus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/External_obturator_muscle" title="External obturator muscle">external obturator</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gracilis_muscle" title="Gracilis muscle">gracilis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adductor_muscles_of_the_hip" title="Adductor muscles of the hip">adductor</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adductor_longus_muscle" title="Adductor longus muscle">longus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adductor_brevis_muscle" title="Adductor brevis muscle">brevis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adductor_magnus_muscle" title="Adductor magnus muscle">magnus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adductor_minimus_muscle" title="Adductor minimus muscle">minimus</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Femoral_sheath" title="Femoral sheath">Femoral sheath</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Femoral_canal" title="Femoral canal">Femoral canal</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Femoral_ring" title="Femoral ring">Femoral ring</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adductor_canal" title="Adductor canal">Adductor canal</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adductor_hiatus" title="Adductor hiatus">Adductor hiatus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Muscular_lacuna" title="Muscular lacuna">Muscular lacuna</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><SPAN style="font-weight:normal;"><I><A href="/wiki/Fascia_lata" title="Fascia lata">fascia lata</A></I></SPAN></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Iliotibial_tract" title="Iliotibial tract">Iliotibial tract</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lateral_intermuscular_septum_of_thigh" title="Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh">Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Medial_intermuscular_septum_of_thigh" title="Medial intermuscular septum of thigh">Medial intermuscular septum of thigh</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cribriform_fascia" title="Cribriform fascia">Cribriform fascia</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">Leg</A>/<BR />
<A href="/wiki/Fascial_compartments_of_leg" title="Fascial compartments of leg">compartments</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Anterior_compartment_of_leg" title="Anterior compartment of leg">Anterior</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tibialis_anterior_muscle" title="Tibialis anterior muscle">tibialis anterior</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Extensor_hallucis_longus_muscle" title="Extensor hallucis longus muscle">extensor hallucis longus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_longus_muscle" title="Extensor digitorum longus muscle">extensor digitorum longus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peroneus_tertius" title="Peroneus tertius">peroneus tertius</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Posterior_compartment_of_leg" title="Posterior compartment of leg">Posterior</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><SPAN style="font-weight:normal;"><I>superficial</I></SPAN></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Triceps_surae_muscle" title="Triceps surae muscle">triceps surae</A>
<UL>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">gastrocnemius</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Soleus_muscle" title="Soleus muscle">soleus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Accessory_soleus_muscle" title="Accessory soleus muscle">accessory soleus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Achilles_tendon" title="Achilles tendon">Achilles tendon</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Plantaris_muscle" title="Plantaris muscle">plantaris</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><SPAN style="font-weight:normal;"><I>deep</I></SPAN></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tarsal_tunnel" title="Tarsal tunnel">tarsal tunnel</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle" title="Flexor hallucis longus muscle">flexor hallucis longus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_longus_muscle" title="Flexor digitorum longus muscle">flexor digitorum longus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tibialis_posterior_muscle" title="Tibialis posterior muscle">tibialis posterior</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Popliteus_muscle" title="Popliteus muscle">popliteus</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Lateral_compartment_of_leg" title="Lateral compartment of leg">Lateral</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peroneus_muscles" title="Peroneus muscles">peroneus muscles</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peroneus_longus" title="Peroneus longus">longus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fibularis_brevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibularis brevis">brevis</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pes_anserinus_(leg)" title="Pes anserinus (leg)">Pes anserinus</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><SPAN style="font-weight:normal;"><I><A href="/wiki/Deep_fascia_of_leg" title="Deep fascia of leg">Intermuscular septa</A></I></SPAN></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anterior_intermuscular_septum_of_leg" title="Anterior intermuscular septum of leg">anterior</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Posterior_intermuscular_septum_of_leg" title="Posterior intermuscular septum of leg">posterior</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Deep_transverse_fascia" title="Deep transverse fascia">transverse</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">Foot</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dorsal</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Extensor_hallucis_brevis_muscle" title="Extensor hallucis brevis muscle">extensor hallucis brevis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_brevis_muscle" title="Extensor digitorum brevis muscle">extensor digitorum brevis</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plantar</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><I>1st layer</I>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Abductor_hallucis_muscle" title="Abductor hallucis muscle">abductor hallucis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_brevis_muscle" title="Flexor digitorum brevis muscle">flexor digitorum brevis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Abductor_digiti_minimi_muscle_of_foot" title="Abductor digiti minimi muscle of foot">abductor digiti minimi</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><I>2nd layer</I>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Quadratus_plantae_muscle" title="Quadratus plantae muscle">quadratus plantae</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lumbricals_of_the_foot" title="Lumbricals of the foot">lumbrical muscle</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><I>3rd layer</I>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle" title="Flexor hallucis brevis muscle">flexor hallucis brevis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adductor_hallucis_muscle" title="Adductor hallucis muscle">adductor hallucis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flexor_digiti_minimi_brevis_muscle_(foot)" title="Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (foot)">flexor digiti minimi brevis</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><I>4th layer</I>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dorsal_interossei_of_the_foot" title="Dorsal interossei of the foot">dorsal interossei</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Plantar_interossei_muscles" title="Plantar interossei muscles">plantar interossei</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Plantar_fascia" title="Plantar fascia">Plantar fascia</A></LI>
<LI>retinacula
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peroneal_retinacula" title="Peroneal retinacula">Peroneal</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Inferior_extensor_retinaculum_of_foot" title="Inferior extensor retinaculum of foot">Inferior extensor</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Superior_extensor_retinaculum_of_foot" title="Superior extensor retinaculum of foot">Superior extensor</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flexor_retinaculum_of_foot" title="Flexor retinaculum of foot">Flexor</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</DIV>

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					<LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><A href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%82" title="عضلة الساق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az" style="display: none;"><A href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bald%C4%B1r%C4%B1n_ikiba%C5%9Fl%C4%B1_%C9%99z%C9%99l%C9%99si" title="Baldırın ikibaşlı əzələsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be" style="display: none;"><A href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Лыткавая цягліца – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old" style="display: none;"><A 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class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscolo_gastrocnemio" title="Muscolo gastrocnemio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he" style="display: none;"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9A" title="שריר הסובך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la" style="display: none;"><A href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculus_gastrocnemius" title="Musculus gastrocnemius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvilypis_raumuo" title="Dvilypis raumuo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculus_gastrocnemius" title="Musculus gastrocnemius – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E8%85%B9%E7%AD%8B" title="腓腹筋 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99sie%C5%84_brzuchaty" title="Mięsień brzuchaty – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsculo_gastrocn%C3%AAmio" title="Músculo gastrocnêmio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Икроножная мышца – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrocnemius_muscle" title="Gastrocnemius muscle – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvoglava_me%C4%8Dna_mi%C5%A1ica" title="Dvoglava mečna mišica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaksoiskantalihas" title="Kaksoiskantalihas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrocnemius" title="Gastrocnemius – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D0%B7" title="Литковий м'яз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E8%85%B8%E8%82%8C" title="腓腸肌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI>				<BUTTON class="mw-interlanguage-selector mw-ui-button" title="All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)">17 more</BUTTON></UL>
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document_title: Gastrocnemius muscle

token: Gastrocnemius

token: muscle

token: wikipedia

token: Jump

token: to

token: navigation

token: search

token: <Table>

token: <Tr>

token: <Th colspan="2">

token: <Td colspan="2">

token: Details

token: <Th>

token: Pronunciation

token: <Td>

token: ˌɡæstrɒkˈniːmiəs

token: or

token: ˌɡæstrəkˈniːmiəs

token: Origin

token: superior

token: articular

token: surfaces

token: lateral

token: condyle

token: femur

token: and

token: medial

token: Insertion

token: tendo

token: calcaneus

token: achilles

token: tendon

token: into

token: mid-posterior

token: Artery

token: sural

token: arteries

token: Nerve

token: tibial

token: nerve

token: from

token: the

token: sciatic

token: specifically

token: roots

token: Actions

token: plantar

token: flexes

token: foot

token: knee

token: Antagonist

token: Tibialis

token: anterior

token: Identifiers

token: TA

token: FMA

question_text: what is the proximal attachment of the gastrocnemius