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<TITLE>Rip Van Winkle - Wikipedia</TITLE>

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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Rip Van Winkle</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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				<DIV id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><DIV class="mw-parser-output"><DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <A href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rip Van Winkle (disambiguation)">Rip Van Winkle (disambiguation)</A>.</DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Irvington_statue_of_Rip_van_Winkle.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Irvington_statue_of_Rip_van_Winkle.jpg/220px-Irvington_statue_of_Rip_van_Winkle.jpg" width="220" height="139" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Irvington_statue_of_Rip_van_Winkle.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="163" /></A>
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<I>Rip Van Winkle</I> statue in <A href="/wiki/Irvington,_New_York" title="Irvington, New York">Irvington, New York</A>, not far from <A href="/wiki/Tarrytown,_New_York" title="Tarrytown, New York">Tarrytown</A>, the location of <A href="/wiki/Sunnyside_(Tarrytown,_New_York)" title="Sunnyside (Tarrytown, New York)">Sunnyside</A>, the home of its author <A href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</A></DIV>
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<P>"<B>Rip Van Winkle</B>" is a short story by American author <A href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</A> published in 1819. It follows a <A href="/wiki/Dutch-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch-American">Dutch-American</A> villager in <A href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">colonial America</A> named Rip Van Winkle who falls asleep in the <A href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill Mountains</A> and wakes up 20 years later, having missed the <A href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</A>. Irving wrote it while living in <A href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</A>, England as part of the collection <I><A href="/wiki/The_Sketch_Book_of_Geoffrey_Crayon,_Gent." title="The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.">The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.</A></I> The story is set in <A href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</A>'s Catskill Mountains, but Irving later admitted, "When I wrote the story, I had never been on the Catskills."<SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP></P>
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<DIV class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Summary"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Summary</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#Characters"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Characters</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><A href="#Composition_and_publication_history"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Composition and publication history</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><A href="#Themes_and_literary_forerunners"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Themes and literary forerunners</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#Adaptations"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Adaptations</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><A href="#Theater"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Theater</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><A href="#Film"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Film</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><A href="#Music"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Music</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><A href="#Cartoons_and_animated_films"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Cartoons and animated films</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><A href="#Comics"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Comics</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><A href="#Television"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Television</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><A href="#Poetry"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Poetry</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><A href="#In_popular_culture"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">In popular culture</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><A href="#Architecture"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Architecture</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><A href="#Beverages"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Beverages</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><A href="#Literature"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Literature</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><A href="#Music_2"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Music</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><A href="#Citations"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Citations</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><A href="#Sources"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Sources</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><A href="#Further_reading"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Further reading</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<P></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Summary">Summary</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Summary">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>"Rip Van Winkle" is set in the years before and after the <A href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</A> in a village at the foot of New York's <A href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill Mountains</A> where Rip Van Winkle lives, a <A href="/wiki/Dutch-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch-American">Dutch-American</A> villager. One autumn day, Van Winkle wanders into the mountains with his dog Wolf to escape his wife's nagging. He hears his name called out and sees a man wearing antiquated Dutch clothing; he is carrying a keg up the mountain and requires help. Together, the men and Wolf proceed to a hollow in which Rip discovers the source of thunderous noises: a group of ornately dressed, silent, bearded men who are playing <A href="/wiki/Nine-pin_bowling" title="Nine-pin bowling">nine-pins</A>.</P>
<P>Van Winkle does not ask who they are or how they know his name. Instead, he begins to drink some of their <A href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">jenever</A> and soon falls asleep. When he awakens on the mountain, he discovers shocking changes: his musket is rotting and rusty, his beard is a foot long, and his dog is nowhere to be found. He returns to his village, where he recognizes no one. He arrives just after an election, and people ask how he voted. Never having cast a ballot in his life, he proclaims himself a faithful subject of <A href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="George III of the United Kingdom">King George III</A>, unaware that the American Revolution has taken place, and nearly gets himself into trouble with the townspeople until one elderly woman recognizes him as the long-lost Rip Van Winkle.</P>
<P>King George's portrait on the inn's sign has been replaced with one of <A href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</A>. Van Winkle learns that most of his friends were killed fighting in the American Revolution. He is also disturbed to find another man called Rip Van Winkle; it is his son, now grown up. Van Winkle also discovers that his wife died some time ago but is not saddened by the news. He learns that the men whom he met in the mountains are rumored to be the ghosts of <A href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</A>'s crew from his ship the <A href="/wiki/Halve_Maen" title="Halve Maen">Halve Maen</A>. He also realizes that he has been away from the village for at least 20 years. His grown daughter takes him in and he resumes his usual idleness. His strange tale is solemnly taken to heart by the Dutch settlers, particularly by the children who say that, whenever thunder is heard, the men in the mountains must be playing nine-pins.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Characters">Characters</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characters">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<TABLE class="wikitable">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH>Name</TH>
<TH>Description</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Rip Van Winkle</TD>
<TD>A <A href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/henpecked" class="extiw" title="wikt:henpecked">henpecked</A> husband who loathes "profitable labor"; and a meek, easygoing, ne'er-do-well resident of the village who wanders off to the mountains and meets strange men playing nine-pins.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Dame Van Winkle</TD>
<TD>Rip Van Winkle's <A href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cantankerous" class="extiw" title="wikt:cantankerous">cantankerous</A> and nagging wife.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Rip Van Winkle, Jr.</TD>
<TD>Rip Van Winkle's ne'er-do-well son.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Judith Gardenier</TD>
<TD>Rip Van Winkle's married daughter; she takes her father in after he returns from his sleep.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Derrick Van Bummel</TD>
<TD>The local schoolmaster who went on to serve in American Revolution as a <A href="/wiki/Flag_officer" title="Flag officer">flag officer</A> and later a member of <A href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</A>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Nicholas Vedder</TD>
<TD>Landlord of the local inn where menfolk congregate.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Van Schaick</TD>
<TD>The local parson.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Jonathan Doolittle</TD>
<TD>Owner of the Union Hotel, the establishment that replaced the village inn.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Wolf</TD>
<TD>Van Winkle's faithful dog, who does not recognize him when he wakes up.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Man carrying keg up the mountain</TD>
<TD>The ghost of one of Henry Hudson's crew members.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Ninepin bowlers</TD>
<TD>The ghosts of Henry Hudson's crewmen from his ship, the <I><A href="/wiki/Halve_Maen" title="Halve Maen">Half-Moon</A></I>; they share purple magic liquor with Rip Van Winkle and play a game of nine-pins.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Brom Dutcher</TD>
<TD>Van Winkle's neighbor who went off to war while Van Winkle was sleeping.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Old woman</TD>
<TD>Woman who identifies Van Winkle when he returns to the village after his sleep.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Peter Vanderdonk</TD>
<TD>The oldest resident of the village, who confirms Van Winkle's identity and cites evidence indicating Van Winkle's strange tale is true.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Mr. Gardenier</TD>
<TD>Judith Gardenier's husband, a farmer and crabby villager.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Rip Van Winkle III</TD>
<TD>Rip Van Winkle's infant grandchild; his mother is Judith Gardenier.</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Composition_and_publication_history">Composition and publication history</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Composition and publication history">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:TheSketchbookTitlePage.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/TheSketchbookTitlePage.jpg/220px-TheSketchbookTitlePage.jpg" width="220" height="389" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/TheSketchbookTitlePage.jpg/330px-TheSketchbookTitlePage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/TheSketchbookTitlePage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="759" /></A>
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First installment of <I>The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.</I> included "Rip Van Winkle"</DIV>
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<P>After a failed business venture with his brothers, Irving filed for <A href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</A> in 1818.<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP> Despondent, he turned to writing for possible financial support, although he had difficulty thinking of stories to write. He stayed in <A href="/wiki/Birmingham,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham, England">Birmingham, England</A> with his brother-in-law <A href="/wiki/Henry_Van_Wart" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Van Wart">Henry Van Wart</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-3">[3]</A></SUP> The two were reminiscing in June 1818 when Irving was suddenly inspired by their nostalgic conversation.<SUP id="cite_ref-Burstein125_4-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Burstein125-4">[4]</A></SUP> Irving locked himself in his room and wrote non-stop all night. As he said, he felt like a man waking from a long sleep. He presented the first draft of "Rip Van Winkle" to the Van Wart family over breakfast.<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP></P>
<P>"Rip Van Winkle" was one of the first stories Irving proposed for his new book, <I><A href="/wiki/The_Sketch_Book_of_Geoffrey_Crayon,_Gent." title="The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.">The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.</A></I> Irving asked his brother Ebeneezer to assist with publication in the United States. As Irving wrote, "I shall feel very anxious to hear of the success of this first re-appearance on the literary stage – Should it be successful, I trust I shall be able henceforth to keep up an occasional fire."<SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP> 2,000 copies of the first <A href="/wiki/Octavo_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavo (book)">octavo-sized</A> installment, which included "Rip Van Winkle", were released on June 23, 1819, in Baltimore, Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, published by Cornelius S. Van Winkle, and sold at a somewhat expensive 75 cents.<SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP> A British edition was published shortly afterward, by John Miller, who went out of business immediately thereafter. With help from his friend <A href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</A>, Irving was able to convince <A href="/wiki/John_Murray_(1778%E2%80%931843)" title="John Murray (1778–1843)">John Murray</A> to take over British publication of the <I>Sketch Book</I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-8">[8]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Themes_and_literary_forerunners">Themes and literary forerunners</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Themes and literary forerunners">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<DIV class="mbox-text-span">This section <B>gives <A href="/wiki/Template:Refexample#Self-sourcing_examples" title="Template:Refexample">self-sourcing examples</A> without describing their significance in the context of the article.</B> <SPAN class="hide-when-compact">Please help <A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit">improve this article</A> by <A href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1">adding citations to reliable sources</A> that describe the examples' significance, and by removing less pertinent examples. <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Unsourced</A> or poorly sourced material may be challenged or removed.</SPAN> <SMALL><I>(April 2017)</I></SMALL> <SMALL class="hide-when-compact"><I>(<A href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</A>)</I></SMALL></DIV>
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<P>In the tenth chapter of his book <I><A href="/wiki/Lives_and_Opinions_of_Eminent_Philosophers" title="Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers">Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers</A></I>, the third-century AD Greek historian <A href="/wiki/Diogenes_Laertius" class="mw-redirect" title="Diogenes Laertius">Diogenes Laertius</A> relates the story of the legendary sage <A href="/wiki/Epimenides_of_Knossos" class="mw-redirect" title="Epimenides of Knossos">Epimenides of Knossos</A>, who was said to have been a shepherd on the island of <A href="/wiki/Krete" class="mw-redirect" title="Krete">Krete</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Rothschild_9-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Rothschild-9">[9]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Hansen_10-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Hansen-10">[10]</A></SUP> One day, Epimenides followed after a sheep that had wandered off and, after becoming tired, went into a cave under <A href="/wiki/Mount_Ida" title="Mount Ida">Mount Ida</A> and fell asleep. When he awoke, he continued searching for the sheep, but could not find it, so he returned to his father's farm, only to discover that it was under new ownership. He went home, only to discover that the people there did not know him. Finally, he encountered his younger brother, who had become an old man, and learned that he had been asleep in the cave for fifty-seven years.<SUP id="cite_ref-Rothschild_9-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Rothschild-9">[9]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Hansen_10-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Hansen-10">[10]</A></SUP> According to the different sources that Diogenes relates, Epimenides lived to be 154, 157, or 299 years old.<SUP id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-11">[11]</A></SUP> Multiple sources have identified the story of Epimenides as the earliest known variant of the "Rip Van Winkle" fairy tale.<SUP id="cite_ref-Rothschild_9-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Rothschild-9">[9]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Hansen_10-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Hansen-10">[10]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-12">[12]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Saint_Rip_13-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Saint_Rip-13">[13]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-14">[14]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In Christian tradition, there is a similar, well-known story of "The <A href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers" title="Seven Sleepers">Seven Sleepers</A> of <A href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</A>", which recounts a group of early <A href="/wiki/Christian" title="Christian">Christians</A> who hid in a cave circa 250 AD, to escape the persecution of Christians during the reign of the <A href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</A> emperor <A href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</A>. They fell into a miraculous sleep and woke some 200 years later during the reign of <A href="/wiki/Theodosius_II" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</A>, to discover that the city and the whole Empire had become Christian.<SUP id="cite_ref-Saint_Rip_13-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Saint_Rip-13">[13]</A></SUP> This Christian story is recounted by <A href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</A> and appears in a famous <A href="/wiki/Sura" class="mw-redirect" title="Sura">Sura</A> of the <A href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</A>, Sura <A href="/wiki/Al-Kahf" title="Al-Kahf">Al-Kahf</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-15">[15]</A></SUP> The version recalls a group of young monotheists escaping from persecution within a cave and emerging hundreds of years later.<SUP id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-16">[16]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The story of "Rip Van Winkle" itself is widely thought to have been based on <A href="/wiki/Johann_Karl_Christoph_Nachtigal" title="Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal">Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal</A>'s German folktale "<A href="/wiki/Peter_Klaus" title="Peter Klaus">Peter Klaus</A>",<SUP id="cite_ref-Saint_Rip_13-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Saint_Rip-13">[13]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Burstein125_4-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Burstein125-4">[4]</A></SUP> which is a shorter story set in a German village. It tells of a goatherd named Peter Klaus who goes looking for a lost goat. He finds some men drinking in the woods and, after drinking some of their wine, he falls asleep. When he wakes back up, twenty years have passed.<SUP id="cite_ref-Burstein125_4-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Burstein125-4">[4]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[17]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In many ways, the story is a classic European <A href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">faerie tale</A> of a man who is actually rewarded for helping the faeries move their barrel. They advance him to a time in life where he is free of his nagging wife and is now old enough for it be respectable for him to take it easy and play with children, working when he wants to instead of when he has to, supported by his loving, grown children.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP> The theme of independence is also explored; the young Van Winkle lives in <A href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</A> and is a subject of the King; the old Van Winkle awakes in a country independent of the Crown. On a personal level, the awakened Van Winkle has gained another form of "independence": being widowered from his shrewish wife.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></P>
<P>In <A href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</A>, there is a similar folktale linked to the burial mound of Salt Knowe, adjacent to the <A href="/wiki/Ring_of_Brodgar" title="Ring of Brodgar">Ring of Brodgar</A>. A drunken fiddler on his way home hears music from the mound. He finds a way in and finds the trowes (<A href="/wiki/Trolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Trolls">trolls</A>) having a party. He stays and plays for two hours, then makes his way home to <A href="/wiki/Stenness" title="Stenness">Stenness</A>, where he discovers 50 years have passed. The Orkney Rangers believe this may be one source for Washington Irving's tale because his father was an Orcadian from the island of <A href="/wiki/Shapinsay" title="Shapinsay">Shapinsay</A> and would almost certainly have known the story.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></P>
<P>In <A href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</A>, the story of <A href="/wiki/Niamh" title="Niamh">Niamh</A> and <A href="/wiki/Oisin" title="Oisin">Oisin</A> has a similar theme. Oisin falls in love with the beautiful Niamh and leaves with her on her snow white horse, bound for <A href="/wiki/Tir_Na_nOg" class="mw-redirect" title="Tir Na nOg">Tir Na nOg</A> – the land of the ever-young. Missing his family and friends, he asks to pay them a visit. Niamh lends him her horse, warning him never to dismount, and he travels back to Ireland. But 300 years have passed; his family and fellow warriors are all dead. When Oisin encounters some men trying to move a boulder, he reaches down to help them, the girth of the horse's saddle snaps, and he falls to the ground. Before the watching eyes of the men, he becomes a very, very old man.</P>
<P>Author Joe Gioia suggests the basic plot strongly resembles, and may have originated with, an upstate New York <A href="/wiki/Seneca_people" title="Seneca people">Seneca</A> legend of a young squirrel hunter who encounters the mystic "Little People", and after a night with them returns to his village to find it overgrown by forest and everyone gone: that single night had lasted a year.<SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The story is also similar to the ancient Jewish Talmudic<SUP id="cite_ref-Talmud_19-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Talmud-19">[19]</A></SUP> story about <A href="/wiki/Honi_the_Circle-Maker" class="mw-redirect" title="Honi the Circle-Maker">Honi the Circle-Maker</A> (Honi M'agel), who falls asleep after asking a man why he is planting a <A href="/wiki/Carob" class="mw-redirect" title="Carob">carob</A> tree which traditionally takes 70 years to mature, making it virtually impossible to ever benefit from the tree's fruit. After this exchange, Honi falls asleep on the ground, is miraculously covered by a rock, and remains out of sight for 70 years. When he awakens, he finds a fully mature tree and learns he has a grandson. When nobody believes that he is Honi, he prays to God, and God takes him from this world.</P>
<P>The story also bears some similarities to stories from east Asia, including the third century AD <A href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</A> tale of "<A href="/wiki/Ranka_(legend)" title="Ranka (legend)">Ranka</A>", as retold by <A href="/wiki/Lionel_Giles" title="Lionel Giles">Lionel Giles</A> in <I>A Gallery of Chinese Immortals</I>, and the eighth-century <A href="/wiki/Japanese_literature" title="Japanese literature">Japanese tale</A> "<A href="/wiki/Urashima_Tar%C5%8D" title="Urashima Tarō">Urashima Tarō</A>".<SUP id="cite_ref-Saint_Rip_13-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Saint_Rip-13">[13]</A></SUP> The Hindu story of <A href="/wiki/Muchukunda" title="Muchukunda">Muchukunda</A> from the <I><A href="/wiki/Bhagavatam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavatam">Bhagavatam</A></I> also displays many similarities to the story of "Rip Van Winkle".<SUP id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-20">[20]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-21">[21]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Adaptations">Adaptations</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Adaptations">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<A href="/wiki/Joseph_Jefferson" title="Joseph Jefferson">Joseph Jefferson</A> as Rip Van Winkle (1896)</DIV>
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<I><A href="/wiki/Classics_Illustrated" title="Classics Illustrated">Classics Illustrated</A></I> issue #12</DIV>
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<P>The story has been adapted for other media for the last two centuries, in cartoons, films, stage plays, music, and other media.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Theater">Theater</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Theater">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
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<LI>Actor <A href="/wiki/Joseph_Jefferson" title="Joseph Jefferson">Joseph Jefferson</A> performed various dramatizations of the character on the 19th-century stage.<SUP id="cite_ref-Jefferson_22-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Jefferson-22">[22]</A></SUP> He and <A href="/wiki/Dion_Boucicault" title="Dion Boucicault">Dion Boucicault</A> wrote an adaptation<SUP id="cite_ref-Hischak_23-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Hischak-23">[23]</A></SUP> which opened in London in 1865<SUP id="cite_ref-Jefferson_22-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Jefferson-22">[22]</A></SUP> and on Broadway in 1866.<SUP id="cite_ref-Jefferson_22-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Jefferson-22">[22]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Hischak_23-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Hischak-23">[23]</A></SUP></LI>
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Film">Film</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Film">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
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<LI>In 1896 Joseph Jefferson filmed a <A href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_(1903_film)" title="Rip Van Winkle (1903 film)">series of short films</A> recreating scenes from his stage adaptations,<SUP id="cite_ref-Hischak_23-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Hischak-23">[23]</A></SUP> which are collectively in the U.S. <A href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</A>.</LI>
<LI>Several other <A href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rip Van Winkle (disambiguation)">film adaptations</A> have been produced.<SUP id="cite_ref-Hischak_23-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Hischak-23">[23]</A></SUP></LI>
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Music">Music</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Music">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
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<LI>In 1882 <A href="/wiki/Robert_Planquette" title="Robert Planquette">Robert Planquette</A> and <A href="/wiki/Henry_Brougham_Farnie" title="Henry Brougham Farnie">H.B. Farnie</A> premiered a <A href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_(operetta)" title="Rip Van Winkle (operetta)">romantic opera adaptation</A><I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Hischak_23-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Hischak-23">[23]</A></SUP></I></LI>
<LI>The 1960s <A href="/wiki/Tale_Spinners_For_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Tale Spinners For Children">Tale Spinners For Children</A> record series included a dramatization of the "Rip Van Winkle" story.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></LI>
<LI>Numerous modern songs have been written whose lyrics retell the story, including the 1961 song "Rip Van Winkle" by <A href="/wiki/The_Devotions" title="The Devotions">The Devotions</A>, the 2006 song "Rip Van Winkle" by <A href="/wiki/Witch_(band)" title="Witch (band)">Witch</A>, and "Kaatskill Serenade" by <A href="/wiki/David_Bromberg" title="David Bromberg">David Bromberg</A>. In the <A href="/wiki/Belle_and_Sebastian" title="Belle and Sebastian">Belle and Sebastian</A> song "I Could Be Dreaming" an extract from "Rip Van Winkle" is read.</LI>
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Cartoons_and_animated_films">Cartoons and animated films</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cartoons and animated films">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
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<LI>The cartoon, <I><A href="/wiki/Have_You_Got_Any_Castles%3F" title="Have You Got Any Castles?">Have You Got Any Castles?</A></I> (1938), depicts Rip Van Winkle trying to fall asleep in a cuckoo clock.</LI>
<LI>The animated short <I>Popeye Meets Rip Van Winkle</I> (1941) features a caricature of <A href="/wiki/Harpo_Marx" title="Harpo Marx">Harpo Marx</A> playing the harp.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></LI>
<LI>The story inspired an episode of <I><A href="/wiki/The_Flintstones" title="The Flintstones">The Flintstones</A></I> entitled "Rip Van Flintstone", which originally aired on November 5, 1965.<SUP id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-24">[24]</A></SUP> In it, <A href="/wiki/Fred_Flintstone" title="Fred Flintstone">Fred</A> falls asleep at the Slate Company picnic and dreams he has awakened 20 years in the future as an old man. He notices various changes to his town of Bedrock and to his friends. Fred remarks that, "Maybe I have fallen asleep for 20 years like in that Rip Van Winklestone story."</LI>
<LI>The story was parodied in an episode of the <A href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy_(animated_series)" title="Laurel and Hardy (animated series)">Laurel and Hardy cartoon series</A> entitled "Flipped Van Winkles".</LI>
<LI><I>Rip Van Winkle</I> (1978), a <A href="/wiki/Claymation" class="mw-redirect" title="Claymation">claymation</A> version of the story produced and directed by <A href="/wiki/Will_Vinton" title="Will Vinton">Will Vinton</A>, was nominated for an <A href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-25">[25]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>An episode of the HBO show <I><A href="/wiki/Happily_Ever_After:_Fairy_Tales_for_Every_Child" title="Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child">Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child</A></I> gives a feminist retelling of the story as told from the point of view of Rip's wife Vanna. The adaptation, starring <A href="/wiki/Tom_Arnold_(actor)" title="Tom Arnold (actor)">Tom Arnold</A> and <A href="/wiki/Calista_Flockhart" title="Calista Flockhart">Calista Flockhart</A> and co-narrated by <A href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</A>, is set in the 1960s, where Rip is a <A href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</A> rocker who often neglects his wife and child.<SUP id="cite_ref-Hischak_23-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Hischak-23">[23]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Comics">Comics</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Comics">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI>Issue 12 of <I><A href="/wiki/Classics_Illustrated" title="Classics Illustrated">Classics Illustrated</A></I> retold the "Rip Van Winkle" story with various twists.</LI>
<LI>In the <A href="/wiki/Carl_Barks" title="Carl Barks">Carl Barks</A> comic <I>Rip Van Donald</I> (1950), <A href="/wiki/Donald_Duck" title="Donald Duck">Donald Duck</A>'s nephews trick him into believing that he has been sleeping for 40 years, and has supposedly awakened in the then-future year of 1990. Donald expects to see a fabulous "futuristic" world, and the nephews must use various tricks to keep their prank going. Eventually Donald falls asleep and "returns" to 1950.</LI>
<LI>Disney's "Rip van Goofy" (February 1, 1966)<SUP id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-26">[26]</A></SUP> is a parody of "Rip Van Winkle", with <A href="/wiki/Goofy" title="Goofy">Goofy</A> portraying the character who sleeps for 20 years. When he awakens, no one remembers him except <A href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse" title="Mickey Mouse">Mickey Mouse</A>, once a child to whom Rip van Goofy told fantasy stories.</LI>
<LI>In a 1988 issue of <I><A href="/wiki/Boys%27_Life" title="Boys' Life">Boys' Life</A></I>, the <I>Dink & Duff</I> comic strip has the African-American <A href="/wiki/Cub_Scouting_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" title="Cub Scouting (Boy Scouts of America)">Cub Scout</A> Dink pondering the meaning of Americanism, only to lapse into a coma and awaken in 2068. A boy who addresses him as "Rip van Dinkle" explains that during the past 80 years the United States has been replaced by an authoritarian <A href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</A>. Dink eventually awakens back in 1988.</LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Television">Television</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Television">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI>In the 16th episode of <I><A href="/wiki/The_Famous_Adventures_of_Mr._Magoo" title="The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo">The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo</A></I> (original airdate January 16, 1965), <A href="/wiki/Mr._Magoo" title="Mr. Magoo">Mr. Magoo</A> (voiced by <A href="/wiki/Jim_Backus" title="Jim Backus">Jim Backus</A>) plays Rip Van Winkle.<SUP id="cite_ref-Hischak_23-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Hischak-23">[23]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>In the <I><A href="/wiki/Faerie_Tale_Theatre" title="Faerie Tale Theatre">Faerie Tale Theatre</A></I> children's television series, <A href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</A> directed the 1987 episode "Rip Van Winkle" in which actor <A href="/wiki/Harry_Dean_Stanton" title="Harry Dean Stanton">Harry Dean Stanton</A> played the title role.<SUP id="cite_ref-Hischak_23-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Hischak-23">[23]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><I>Tales of Washington Irving</I>, a one-hour animated television special from 1970, presented adaptations of "<A href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</A>" and "Rip Van Winkle".<SUP id="cite_ref-Hischak_23-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Hischak-23">[23]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>The TV show <I><A href="/wiki/Wishbone_(TV_series)" title="Wishbone (TV series)">Wishbone</A></I> showed the dog imagining himself as the title character, complete with the men playing nine-pins and his mistaking the George Washington Inn for his old hangout, the King George Inn.<SUP id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-27">[27]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-28">[28]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Poetry">Poetry</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Poetry">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI>A poem by Carol Ann Duffy - Mrs Rip Van Winkle, narrates the poetry from the perspective of Mrs. Winkle.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Architecture">Architecture</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI>The <A href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_Bridge" title="Rip Van Winkle Bridge">Rip Van Winkle Bridge</A> spans the <A href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</A> near <A href="/wiki/Catskill_(town),_New_York" title="Catskill (town), New York">Catskill, New York</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Beverages">Beverages</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Beverages">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Old_Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Old Rip Van Winkle">Old Rip Van Winkle</A> is a brand of Kentucky Straight Bourbon whiskey produced by the Sazerac Company.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pappy_Van_Winkle%27s_Family_Reserve" title="Pappy Van Winkle's Family Reserve">Pappy Van Winkle's Family Reserve</A> is the flagship brand of Bourbon whiskey owned by the "Old Rip Van Winkle Distillery" company, actually distilled and bottled by the Sazerac Company.</LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Literature">Literature</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI>A character in the novel <I><A href="/wiki/Darkness_at_Noon" title="Darkness at Noon">Darkness at Noon</A></I> (1940) is nicknamed Rip Van Winkle because he spent 20 years imprisoned in solitary confinement.</LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Music_2">Music</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Music">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI>The American composer <A href="/wiki/George_Whitefield_Chadwick" title="George Whitefield Chadwick">George Whitefield Chadwick</A> wrote a concert overture entitled <I>Rip Van Winkle</I> in 1879, when he was a student in <A href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</A>.</LI>
<LI>Composer <A href="/wiki/Ferde_Grofe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferde Grofe">Ferde Grofe</A> spent 20 years working on a symphonic <A href="/wiki/Tone_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Tone poem">tone poem</A> based on "Rip Van Winkle", eventually reworking the material into his <I>Hudson River Suite</I>. One of the movements is entitled "Rip Van Winkle".</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Wink" class="mw-redirect" title="Rip Van Wink">Rip Van Wink</A> from <I>The Beano</I></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Citations">Citations</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Pierre M. Irving, <I>The Life and Letters of Washington Irving</I>, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1883, <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pp4EAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA176">vol. 2, p. 176</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Burstein, Andrew (2007). <I>The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving</I>. New York: Basic Books. p. 117. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00853-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00853-7">978-0-465-00853-7</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Original+Knickerbocker%3A+The+Life+of+Washington+Irving&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-465-00853-7&rft.au=Burstein%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-3"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Jones, Brian Jay (2008). <I>Washington Irving: An American Original</I>. New York: Arcade Books. p. 168. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55970-836-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55970-836-4">978-1-55970-836-4</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washington+Irving%3A+An+American+Original&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Arcade+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-55970-836-4&rft.au=Jones%2C+Brian+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Burstein125-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Burstein125_4-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Burstein125_4-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Burstein125_4-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Burstein, Andrew (2007). <I>The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving</I>. New York: Basic Books. p. 125. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00853-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00853-7">978-0-465-00853-7</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Original+Knickerbocker%3A+The+Life+of+Washington+Irving&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-465-00853-7&rft.au=Burstein%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Jones, Brian Jay (2008). <I>Washington Irving: An American Original</I>. New York: Arcade Books. pp. 168–169. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55970-836-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55970-836-4">978-1-55970-836-4</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washington+Irving%3A+An+American+Original&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=168-169&rft.pub=Arcade+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-55970-836-4&rft.au=Jones%2C+Brian+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Burstein, Andrew (2007). <I>The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving</I>. New York: Basic Books. p. 120. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00853-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00853-7">978-0-465-00853-7</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Original+Knickerbocker%3A+The+Life+of+Washington+Irving&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-465-00853-7&rft.au=Burstein%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Jones, Brian Jay (2008). <I>Washington Irving: An American Original</I>. New York: Arcade Books. pp. 177–178. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55970-836-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55970-836-4">978-1-55970-836-4</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washington+Irving%3A+An+American+Original&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=177-178&rft.pub=Arcade+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-55970-836-4&rft.au=Jones%2C+Brian+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-8"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Burstein, Andrew (2007). <I>The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving</I>. New York: Basic Books. pp. 149–150. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00853-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00853-7">978-0-465-00853-7</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Original+Knickerbocker%3A+The+Life+of+Washington+Irving&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=149-150&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-465-00853-7&rft.au=Burstein%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Rothschild-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Rothschild_9-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Rothschild_9-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Rothschild_9-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE id="CITEREFRothschild2014" class="citation book">Rothschild, Clare K. (2014). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1zTsvXKcl50C&pg=PA41&dq=long+sleep+Epimenides+Rip+Van+Winkle+Seven+Sleepers&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii-q-n1fDYAhUQ61MKHW3HALkQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=long%20sleep%20Epimenides%20Rip%20Van%20Winkle%20Seven%20Sleepers&f=false"><I>Paul in Athens: The Popular Religious Context of Acts 17</I></A>. Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck. pp. 40–42. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-153260-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-153260-3">978-3-16-153260-3</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paul+in+Athens%3A+The+Popular+Religious+Context+of+Acts+17&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen%2C+Germany&rft.pages=40-42&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-16-153260-3&rft.aulast=Rothschild&rft.aufirst=Clare+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1zTsvXKcl50C%26pg%3DPA41%26dq%3Dlong%2Bsleep%2BEpimenides%2BRip%2BVan%2BWinkle%2BSeven%2BSleepers%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwii-q-n1fDYAhUQ61MKHW3HALkQ6AEIJjAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dlong%2520sleep%2520Epimenides%2520Rip%2520Van%2520Winkle%2520Seven%2520Sleepers%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Hansen-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Hansen_10-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Hansen_10-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Hansen_10-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Hansen, William (2017). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WwZpDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA133&dq=long+sleep+Epimenides+Rip+Van+Winkle+Seven+Sleepers&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii-q-n1fDYAhUQ61MKHW3HALkQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=long%20sleep%20Epimenides%20Rip%20Van%20Winkle%20Seven%20Sleepers&f=false"><I>The Book of Greek & Roman Folktales, Legends & Myths</I></A>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 132–133. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691170152" title="Special:BookSources/9780691170152">9780691170152</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Greek+%26+Roman+Folktales%2C+Legends+%26+Myths&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=132-133&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780691170152&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWwZpDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA133%26dq%3Dlong%2Bsleep%2BEpimenides%2BRip%2BVan%2BWinkle%2BSeven%2BSleepers%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwii-q-n1fDYAhUQ61MKHW3HALkQ6AEILDAB%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dlong%2520sleep%2520Epimenides%2520Rip%2520Van%2520Winkle%2520Seven%2520Sleepers%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-11"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Laertius, Diogenes & Hick, R.D. (translator) (1972). <I>Lives of Eminent Philosophers: Books I-V</I>. Cambridge: Harvard. p. 115.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lives+of+Eminent+Philosophers%3A+Books+I-V&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Harvard&rft.date=1972&rft.au=Laertius%2C+Diogenes+%26+Hick%2C+R.D.+%28translator%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list">link</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-12"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Welch, Deshler (9 May 1887). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8-QRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=ancient+Greek+Rip+Van+Winkle&source=bl&ots=54b99vdwdr&sig=FDBA8hDG0X8UxP_OXisf0ewAZU4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2-4rUgtDUAhUI6YMKHeARB3YQ6AEINDAD#v=onepage&q=ancient%20Greek%20Rip%20Van%20Winkle&f=false"><I>The Theater</I></A>. <B>3</B>. New York City, New York: Theatre Publishing Company. p. 139<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">21 June</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theater&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+New+York&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Theatre+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1887-05-09&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=Deshler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8-QRAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA139%26lpg%3DPA139%26dq%3Dancient%2BGreek%2BRip%2BVan%2BWinkle%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3D54b99vdwdr%26sig%3DFDBA8hDG0X8UxP_OXisf0ewAZU4%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwj2-4rUgtDUAhUI6YMKHeARB3YQ6AEINDAD%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dancient%2520Greek%2520Rip%2520Van%2520Winkle%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Saint_Rip-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Saint_Rip_13-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Saint_Rip_13-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Saint_Rip_13-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Saint_Rip_13-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Thorn, John. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyfolklore.org/pubs/voic36-1-2/st-rip.html">"Saint Rip"</A>. <I>nyfolklore.org</I>. Voices: The Journal of New York Folklore<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">21 June</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyfolklore.org&rft.atitle=Saint+Rip&rft.aulast=Thorn&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyfolklore.org%2Fpubs%2Fvoic36-1-2%2Fst-rip.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-14"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Bates, Alfred (1906). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nx8ZAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA121&lpg=PA121&dq=ancient+Greek+Rip+Van+Winkle&source=bl&ots=HZbVJtM4Zs&sig=NFpTxviP91VgjIzOEJ2UNhVmPpU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2-4rUgtDUAhUI6YMKHeARB3YQ6AEIODAF#v=onepage&q=ancient%20Greek%20Rip%20Van%20Winkle&f=false"><I>The Drama; Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization: American Drama</I></A>. <B>20</B>. London, England: Historical Publishing Company. p. 121<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">21 June</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Drama%3B+Its+History%2C+Literature+and+Influence+on+Civilization%3A+American+Drama&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Historical+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Bates&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNx8ZAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA121%26lpg%3DPA121%26dq%3Dancient%2BGreek%2BRip%2BVan%2BWinkle%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DHZbVJtM4Zs%26sig%3DNFpTxviP91VgjIzOEJ2UNhVmPpU%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwj2-4rUgtDUAhUI6YMKHeARB3YQ6AEIODAF%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dancient%2520Greek%2520Rip%2520Van%2520Winkle%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-15"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irebd.com/quran/english/surah-18/">Quran Surah Al-Kahf</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-16"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quran.com/18/9-26">"Surat Al-Kahf (18:9-26)"</A>. <I>The Holy Qur'an – القرآن الكريم</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Holy+Qur%27an+%E2%80%93++%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85&rft.atitle=Surat+Al-Kahf+%2818%3A9-26%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquran.com%2F18%2F9-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">A translation of the tale is available on Wikisource: <A href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Grimm%27s_Goblins_(1876)/Peter_the_Goatherd" class="extiw" title="s:Grimm's Goblins (1876)/Peter the Goatherd">Peter the Goatherd</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Gioia, Joe (2013). <I>The Guitar and the New World: A Fugitive History</I>. State University of New York Press. pp. 188–191. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-4617-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-4617-2">978-1-4384-4617-2</A>. <Q>The story of the young hunter and the Great Little People, whose single night is that of a human year, became Irving's satire on progress and a portrait of the fundamental strangeness of change.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guitar+and+the+New+World%3A+A+Fugitive+History&rft.pages=188-191&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-4617-2&rft.au=Gioia%2C+Joe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Talmud-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Talmud_19-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Babylonian Talmud Taanit 23a <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/b/l/l2803.htm">Hebrew/Aramaic text at Mechon-Mamre</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-20"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mythfolklore.net/india/encyclopedia/muchukunda.htm">"Muchukunda"</A>. <I>Mythfolklore.net</I>. October 16, 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 30,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mythfolklore.net&rft.atitle=Muchukunda&rft.date=2007-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mythfolklore.net%2Findia%2Fencyclopedia%2Fmuchukunda.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-21"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012010630/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/51/en1">"Srimad Bhagavatam Canto 10 Chapter 51"</A>. Vedabase.net. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vedabase.net/sb/10/51/en1">the original</A> on 2013-10-12<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-10-30</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Srimad+Bhagavatam+Canto+10+Chapter+51&rft.pub=Vedabase.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvedabase.net%2Fsb%2F10%2F51%2Fen1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Jefferson-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Jefferson_22-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Jefferson_22-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Jefferson_22-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Jefferson, Joseph; Boucicault, Dion (1895). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ripvanwinkle00jeffgoog"><I>Rip Van Winkle (Introduction)</I></A>. Dodd, Mead and Company. pp. 401–403<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">23 May</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rip+Van+Winkle+%28Introduction%29&rft.pages=401-403&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+and+Company&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Jefferson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Boucicault%2C+Dion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fripvanwinkle00jeffgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Hischak-23"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Hischak_23-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Hischak_23-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Hischak_23-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Hischak_23-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Hischak_23-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Hischak_23-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Hischak_23-6"><SUP><I><B>g</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Hischak_23-7"><SUP><I><B>h</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Hischak_23-8"><SUP><I><B>i</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Hischak, Thomas S. (2012). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vfie60kGGuAC&dq"><I>American Literature on Stage and Screen</I></A>. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company. pp. 197–198<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">23 May</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Literature+on+Stage+and+Screen&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=197-198&rft.pub=McFarland+and+Company&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Hischak&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvfie60kGGuAC%26dq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-24"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-24"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pro.imdb.com/title/tt0580221/">"IMDb Pro : Rip Van Flintstone Business Details"</A>. <I>pro.imdb.com</I>. July 27, 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 30,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pro.imdb.com&rft.atitle=IMDb+Pro+%3A+Rip+Van+Flintstone+Business+Details&rft.date=2007-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpro.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0580221%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-25"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-25"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://willvinton.net">"Will Vinton's Personal Website"</A>. Willvinton.net<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-10-30</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Will+Vinton%27s+Personal+Website&rft.pub=Willvinton.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwillvinton.net&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-26"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-26"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">"Rip van Goofy". <I><A href="/wiki/Walt_Disney%27s_Comics_and_Stories" title="Walt Disney's Comics and Stories">Walt Disney's Comics and Stories</A> (5)</I>. Gold Key. <B>26</B> (305). February 1, 1966.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Walt+Disney%27s+Comics+and+Stories+%285%29&rft.atitle=Rip+van+Goofy&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=305&rft.date=1966-02-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-27"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-27"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Moore, Scott (November 5, 1995). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/tv/1995/11/05/in-dogged-pursuit-of-literacy/0d021d6c-bad7-4692-9425-9d990e718672/">"In Dogged Pursuit of Literacy"</A>. <I>The Washington Post</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">26 March</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=In+Dogged+Pursuit+of+Literacy&rft.date=1995-11-05&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2Ftv%2F1995%2F11%2F05%2Fin-dogged-pursuit-of-literacy%2F0d021d6c-bad7-4692-9425-9d990e718672%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-28"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-28"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Mendoza, Manuel (October 8, 1995). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1995-10-08/entertainment/9510060302_1_wishbone-barney-friends-pbs">"Tales Wag `Wishbone' To Lure Kids To Classics"</A>. <I>The Sun Sentinel</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">26 March</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sun+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Tales+Wag+%60Wishbone%27+To+Lure+Kids+To+Classics&rft.date=1995-10-08&rft.aulast=Mendoza&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.sun-sentinel.com%2F1995-10-08%2Fentertainment%2F9510060302_1_wishbone-barney-friends-pbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI><CITE class="citation book">Irving, Washington & <A href="/wiki/N._C._Wyeth" title="N. C. Wyeth">Wyeth, N.C.</A> (illustrator) (1921). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ripvanwinkle00irvi"><I>Rip Van Winkle</I></A> (e-book ed.).</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rip+Van+Winkle&rft.edition=e-book&rft.date=1921&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fripvanwinkle00irvi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Uses_authors_parameter" title="Category:CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter">link</A>)</SPAN> at the Internet Archive</LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation book">Irving, Washington. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/310/2/1.html"><I>Rip Van Winkle</I></A>. <I>Bartleby</I> (e-book ed.).</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rip+Van+Winkle&rft.edition=e-book&rft.au=Irving%2C+Washington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F310%2F2%2F1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation book">Irving, Washington (1946). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kiddierecords.com/archive/week_42.htm"><I>Rip Van Winkle</I></A>. <I>KiddieRecords</I> (Audiobook ed.).</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rip+Van+Winkle&rft.edition=Audiobook&rft.date=1946&rft.au=Irving%2C+Washington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kiddierecords.com%2Farchive%2Fweek_42.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation book"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rip_van_winkle_1896"><I>Rip Van Winkle</I></A> (film ed.). 1896.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rip+Van+Winkle&rft.edition=film&rft.date=1896&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frip_van_winkle_1896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> at the Internet Archive</LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation book"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028074618/http://www.geocities.com/donaldsauter/karl-katz.htm"><I>'Karl Katz', a comparison</I></A>. <I>Internet Archive</I>. Archived from the original on 2009-10-28.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27Karl+Katz%27%2C+a+comparison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Fdonaldsauter%2Fkarl-katz.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_BOT:_original-url_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown">link</A>)</SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation book">Irving, Washington (1948). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/TheaterGuildontheAir/Tgoa_48-12-26_ep136-Rip_Van_Winkle.mp3"><I>Rip Van Winkle</I></A> (Radio adaptation ed.). Theatre Guild on the Air.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rip+Van+Winkle&rft.edition=Radio+adaptation&rft.pub=Theatre+Guild+on+the+Air&rft.date=1948&rft.au=Irving%2C+Washington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2FTheaterGuildontheAir%2FTgoa_48-12-26_ep136-Rip_Van_Winkle.mp3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</A></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cowbeech.force9.co.uk/irving.htm">"<SPAN style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</SPAN>Rip Van Winkle' and 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow' – Irving's Fictions of Revolution"</A>. <I>cowbeech.force9.co.uk</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cowbeech.force9.co.uk&rft.atitle=%27Rip+Van+Winkle%27+and+%27The+Legend+of+Sleepy+Hollow%27+%E2%80%93+Irving%27s+Fictions+of+Revolution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cowbeech.force9.co.uk%2Firving.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/Guides3/Winkle.html">"<SPAN style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</SPAN>Rip Van Winkle' Study Guide"</A>. <I>Cummings Study Guides</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cummings+Study+Guides&rft.atitle=%27Rip+Van+Winkle%27+Study+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cummingsstudyguides.net%2FGuides3%2FWinkle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/irving">"Washington Irving in Birmingham"</A>. <I>Birmingham.gov.uk</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Birmingham.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Washington+Irving+in+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birmingham.gov.uk%2Firving&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARip+Van+Winkle" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rip_Van_Winkle&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" width="15" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></A> The full text of <A href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_(Irving)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Rip Van Winkle (Irving)">Rip Van Winkle</A> at Wikisource</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="12" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></A> Media related to <A href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rip_Van_Winkle" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rip Van Winkle">Rip Van Winkle</A> at Wikimedia Commons</LI>
<LI><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" width="15" height="15" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=Rip+Van+Winkle&author=Irving&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><I>Rip Van Winkle</I></A> public domain audiobook at <A href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</A></LI>
</UL>
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<DIV id="American_folklore_and_tall_tales" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">American folklore</A> and <A href="/wiki/Tall_tale" title="Tall tale">tall tales</A></DIV>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folkloric figures</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Alfred_Bulltop_Stormalong" title="Alfred Bulltop Stormalong">Alfred Bulltop Stormalong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Annie_Christmas" title="Annie Christmas">Annie Christmas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Br%27er_Rabbit" title="Br'er Rabbit">Br'er Rabbit</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Brother_Jonathan" title="Brother Jonathan">Brother Jonathan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Casey_at_the_Bat" title="Casey at the Bat">Casey at the Bat</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Casey_Jones" title="Casey Jones">Casey Jones</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cordwood_Pete" title="Cordwood Pete">Cordwood Pete</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Evangeline" title="Evangeline">Evangeline</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Feathertop" title="Feathertop">Feathertop</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Febold_Feboldson" title="Febold Feboldson">Febold Feboldson</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Francis_Marion" title="Francis Marion">Francis Marion, the Swamp Fox</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ichabod_Crane" title="Ichabod Crane">Ichabod Crane</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Joe_Magarac" title="Joe Magarac">Joe Magarac</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/John_Henry_(folklore)" title="John Henry (folklore)">John Henry</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Johnny_Kaw" title="Johnny Kaw">Johnny Kaw</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mose_Humphrey" title="Mose Humphrey">Mose Humphrey</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ola_V%C3%A4rml%C3%A4nning" title="Ola Värmlänning">Ola Värmlänning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ole_Pete" title="Ole Pete">Ole Pete</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Paul_Bunyan" title="Paul Bunyan">Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pecos_Bill" title="Pecos Bill">Pecos Bill</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Rip Van Winkle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tony_Beaver" title="Tony Beaver">Tony Beaver</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Windwagon_Smith" title="Windwagon Smith">Windwagon Smith</A></LI>
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<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Sketch_Book_of_Geoffrey_Crayon,_Gent." title="The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.">The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.</A></I> (1819–20)
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<LI>"<A href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</A>"</LI>
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<LI><I><A href="/wiki/A_History_of_the_Life_and_Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus" title="A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus">The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus</A></I> (1828)</LI>
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<DIV id="Washington_Irving&#039;s_&quot;Rip_Van_Winkle&quot;_(1819)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving's</A> "<A class="mw-selflink selflink">Rip Van Winkle</A>" (1819)</DIV>
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<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_(1903_film)" title="Rip Van Winkle (1903 film)">Rip Van Winkle</A></I> (1903)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Rip%27s_Dream" title="Rip's Dream">Rip's Dream</A></I> (1905)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_(1910_film)" title="Rip Van Winkle (1910 film)">Rip Van Winkle</A></I> (1910)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_(1912_film)" title="Rip Van Winkle (1912 film)">Rip Van Winkle</A></I> (1912)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_(1921_film)" title="Rip Van Winkle (1921 film)">Rip Van Winkle</A></I> (1921)</LI>
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<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_(operetta)" title="Rip Van Winkle (operetta)">Rip Van Winkle</A></I> (operetta)</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/The_Rip_Van_Winkle_Caper" title="The Rip Van Winkle Caper">The Rip Van Winkle Caper</A>"</LI>
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hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><A href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it" style="display: none;"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_van_Winkle" title="Rip van Winkle – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he" style="display: none;"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A4_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%9C" title="ריפ ואן וינקל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE" title="റിപ് വാൻ വിങ്കിൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_van_Winkle" title="Rip van Winkle – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB" title="リップ・ヴァン・ウィンクル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no" style="display: none;"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_van_Winkle" title="Rip van Winkle – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рип ван Винкль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple" style="display: none;"><A href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%BF_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ріп ван Вінкль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%A2" title="李伯大夢 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI>				<BUTTON class="mw-interlanguage-selector mw-ui-button" title="All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)">14 more</BUTTON></UL>
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document_title: Rip Van Winkle

token: Rip

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token: search

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token: српскохрватски

question_text: who does rip van winkle ask for when he returns to the village