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<TITLE>Gun Control Act of 1968 - Wikipedia</TITLE>

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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Gun Control Act of 1968</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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<CAPTION style="font-size:150%;padding-bottom:0.25em">Gun Control Act of 1968</CAPTION>
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><A href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_(obverse).svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Great Seal of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/140px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png" width="140" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/210px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/280px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Other short titles</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">State Firearms Control Assistance Act</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Long title</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">An Act to amend title 18, United States Code, to provide for better control of the interstate traffic in firearms.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em"><A href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">Acronyms</A> <SPAN style="font-weight:normal;">(colloquial)</SPAN></TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">GCA, GCA68</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Enacted by</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">the <A href="/wiki/90th_United_States_Congress" title="90th United States Congress">90th United States Congress</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Effective</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">October 22, 1968</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#bbddff">Citations</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Public law</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-82/pdf/STATUTE-82-Pg1213-2.pdf">90-618</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em"><A href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large"><SPAN class="wrap">Statutes at Large</SPAN></A></TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">82 <A href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislink.org/us/stat-82-1213-2">1213-2</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#bbddff">Codification</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Titles amended</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><A href="/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">18 U.S.C.: Crimes and Criminal Procedure</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">U.S.C. sections amended</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><A href="/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">18 U.S.C.</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/part-I/chapter-44">ch. 44</A> § 921</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#bbddff">Legislative history</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">
<DIV>
<UL style="line-height:1.3em;text-align:left">
<LI><B>Introduced in the House</B> <B>as</B> H.R. 17735</LI>
<LI><B>Passed the House on</B> July 24, 1968 (<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1968/h398">305-118</A>)</LI>
<LI><B>Passed the Senate on</B> September 18, 1968 (<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1968/s558">70-17</A>, in lieu of S. 3633)</LI>
<LI><B>Reported by the joint conference committee on</B> October 10, 1968; <B>agreed to by the House on</B> October 10, 1968 (<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1968/h473">161-129</A>) <B>and by the Senate on</B>  </LI>
<LI><B>Signed into law by President</B> <A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</A> <B>on</B> October 22, 1968</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#bbddff">Major amendments</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Firearm_Owners_Protection_Act" title="Firearm Owners Protection Act">Firearm Owners Protection Act</A></LI>
</UL>
</TD>
</TR>
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<TBODY><TR>
<TD style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold;">Firearm legal topics of the</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;padding-top:0;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em">United States of America</TH>
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<TD style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><A href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/90px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="90" height="95" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/135px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/180px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></A></TD>
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<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Second Amendment to the United States Constitution">Amendment II</A></B></LI>
</UL>
<HR />
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Assault_weapon" title="Assault weapon">Assault weapon</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Assault_weapons_legislation_in_the_United_States" title="Assault weapons legislation in the United States">Assault weapons legislation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bump_stocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Bump stocks">Bump stocks</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,<BR />
Firearms and Explosives (ATF)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Brady_Handgun_Violence_Prevention_Act" title="Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act">Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Campus_carry_in_the_United_States" title="Campus carry in the United States">Campus carry in the U.S.</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Concealed_carry_in_the_United_States" title="Concealed carry in the United States">Concealed carry in the U.S.</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/An_Act_Concerning_Gun_Violence_Prevention_and_Children%27s_Safety" title="An Act Concerning Gun Violence Prevention and Children's Safety">Connecticut Children's Safety Act</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Constitutional_carry" title="Constitutional carry">Constitutional carry</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Domestic_Violence_Offender_Gun_Ban" title="Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban">Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban" title="Federal Assault Weapons Ban">Federal Assault Weapons Ban</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Federal_Firearms_Act_of_1938" title="Federal Firearms Act of 1938">Federal Firearms Act of 1938</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Federal_Firearms_License" title="Federal Firearms License">Federal Firearms License</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Firearm_case_law_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearm case law in the United States">Firearm case law</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Firearm_Owners_Protection_Act" title="Firearm Owners Protection Act">Firearm Owners Protection Act</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Gun Control Act of 1968</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gun-Free_School_Zones_Act_of_1990" title="Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990">Gun-Free School Zones Act (GFSZA)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_the_United_States" title="Gun law in the United States">Gun law in the U.S.</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Gun laws in the United States by state">Gun laws in the U.S. by state</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="Gun politics in the U.S.">Gun politics in the U.S.</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/High-capacity_magazine_ban" title="High-capacity magazine ban">High-capacity magazine ban</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Arms_industry#International_treaties_for_arms_control" title="Arms industry">International treaties for arms control</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/National_Instant_Criminal_Background_Check_System" title="National Instant Criminal Background Check System">National Instant Criminal<BR />
Background Check System (NICS)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/National_Firearms_Act" title="National Firearms Act">National Firearms Act (NFA)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/NY_SAFE_Act" title="NY SAFE Act">NY SAFE Act</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Open_carry_in_the_United_States" title="Open carry in the United States">Open carry in the U.S.</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Right to keep and bear arms in the U.S.</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sullivan_Act" title="Sullivan Act">Sullivan Act (New York)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Suppressor#North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppressor">Suppressor</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tiahrt_Amendment" title="Tiahrt Amendment">Tiahrt Amendment</A></LI>
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<P>The <B>Gun Control Act of 1968</B> (<B>GCA</B> or <B>GCA68</B>) is a <A href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">U.S. federal law</A> that regulates the <A href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">firearms</A> industry and firearms owners. It primarily focuses on regulating <A href="/wiki/Interstate_commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate commerce">interstate commerce</A> in firearms by generally prohibiting interstate firearms transfers except among licensed manufacturers, dealers and importers.</P>
<P>The GCA was signed into law by President <A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</A> on October 22, 1968, and is Title I of the U.S. federal firearms laws. The <A href="/wiki/National_Firearms_Act" title="National Firearms Act">National Firearms Act</A> of 1934 (NFA) is Title II. Both GCA and NFA are enforced by the <A href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</A> (ATF).</P>
<P></P>
<DIV id="toc" class="toc">
<DIV class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">
<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#History"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">History</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#Prohibited_persons"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Prohibited persons</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><A href="#Federal_Firearms_License_(FFL)_system"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Federal Firearms License (FFL) system</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><A href="#Gunsmith_and_Factory_Repair_Exception"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Gunsmith and Factory Repair Exception</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#Import_restrictions"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Import restrictions</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><A href="#Marking_requirements"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Marking requirements</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><A href="#Commentary"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Commentary</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><A href="#Further_reading"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Further reading</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<P></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="History">History</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_Control_Act_of_1968&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Passage of the Gun Control Act was initially prompted by the assassination of U.S. President <A href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</A> in 1963.<SUP id="cite_ref-Michaud120419_1-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Michaud120419-1">[1]</A></SUP> The President was shot and killed with a rifle purchased by mail-order from an ad in the magazine <I><A href="/wiki/American_Rifleman" title="American Rifleman">American Rifleman</A></I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Bugliosi2007_2-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Bugliosi2007-2">[2]</A></SUP> Congressional hearings followed and a ban on mail-order gun sales was discussed, but no law was passed until 1968. At the hearings NRA Executive Vice-President <A href="/wiki/Franklin_Orth" title="Franklin Orth">Franklin Orth</A> supported a ban on mail-order sales, stating, "We do not think that any sane American, who calls himself an American, can object to placing into this bill the instrument which killed the president of the United States."<SUP id="cite_ref-Rosenfeld_3-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Rosenfeld-3">[3]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-UnderFire_4-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-UnderFire-4">[4]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Precursors of the passage of the Gun Control Act were Senate Bill 1975 in 1963, "A Bill to Regulate the Interstate Shipment of Firearms," and Senate Bill 1592 in 1965, "A Bill to Amend the Federal Firearms Act of 1938." Both were introduced by Senator <A href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Dodd" title="Thomas J. Dodd">Thomas J. Dodd</A> and met with fierce opposition on the floor but the bills also paved the way for the creation of the Gun Control Act of 1968.<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP> <SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The deaths of <A href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King, Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</A> in April 1968 and U.S. Senator <A href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</A> in June 1968, along with fears of armed uprising in black cities, renewed efforts to pass the bill.<SUP id="cite_ref-Rosenfeld_3-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Rosenfeld-3">[3]</A></SUP> On June 11, 1968, a tie vote in the House Judiciary Committee halted the bill's passage.<SUP id="cite_ref-Finney680612_7-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Finney680612-7">[7]</A></SUP> On reconsideration nine days later, the bill was passed by the committee. The Senate Judiciary Committee similarly brought the bill to a temporary halt, but as in the House, it was passed on reconsideration.<SUP id="cite_ref-NYTimes680621_8-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-NYTimes680621-8">[8]</A></SUP> House Resolution 17735, known as the Gun Control Act, was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 22, 1968<SUP id="cite_ref-LBJ681022_9-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-LBJ681022-9">[9]</A></SUP> banning mail order sales of rifles and shotguns and prohibiting most felons, drug users and people found mentally incompetent from buying guns.<SUP id="cite_ref-Dolak131121_10-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Dolak131121-10">[10]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-CBS130413_11-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-CBS130413-11">[11]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Prohibited_persons">Prohibited persons</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_Control_Act_of_1968&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prohibited persons">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The Gun Control Act of 1968 was enhanced in 1993 with the passage of the <A href="/wiki/Brady_Handgun_Violence_Prevention_Act" title="Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act">Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act</A>. The Brady Act created a background check system which required licensed sellers to inspect the criminal history background of prospective gun purchasers, and the Brady Act created a list of categories of individuals to whom the sale of firearms is prohibited. As quoted from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/922">18 U.S.C. 922 (d)</A>:</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or otherwise dispose of any firearm or ammunition to any person knowing or having reasonable cause to believe that such person— (1) is under indictment for, or has been convicted in any court of, a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year; (2) is a fugitive from justice; (3) is an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802)); (4) has been adjudicated as a mental defective or has been committed to any mental institution; (5) who, being an alien— (A) is illegally or unlawfully in the United States; or (B) except as provided in subsection (y)(2), has been admitted to the United States under a nonimmigrant visa (as that term is defined in section 101(a)(26) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 (a)(26))); (6) who [2] has been discharged from the Armed Forces under dishonorable conditions; (7) who, having been a citizen of the United States, has renounced his citizenship; (8) is subject to a court order that restrains such person from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate partner of such person or child of such intimate partner or person, or engaging in other conduct that would place an intimate partner in reasonable fear of bodily injury to the partner or child, except that this paragraph shall only apply to a court order that— (A) was issued after a hearing of which such person received actual notice, and at which such person had the opportunity to participate; and (B) (i) includes a finding that such person represents a credible threat to the physical safety of such intimate partner or child; or (ii) by its terms explicitly prohibits the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against such intimate partner or child that would reasonably be expected to cause bodily injury; or (9) has been convicted in any court of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence.</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Exceptions as quoted from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/921#a_33_B_ii">18 U.S.C. 921 (a)(33)(B)</A>:</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>(ii) A person shall not be considered to have been convicted of such an offense for purposes of this chapter if the conviction has been expunged or set aside, or is an offense for which the person has been pardoned or has had civil rights restored (if the law of the applicable jurisdiction provides for the loss of civil rights under such an offense) unless the pardon, expungement, or restoration of civil rights expressly provides that the person may not ship, transport, possess, or receive firearms.</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Many states automatically reinstate gun ownership rights upon completion of sentence.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This is an ambiguous statement with wide-reaching implications. Which states do this, and what are your sources? (January 2014)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP> Some states reinstate rights depending on the crime convicted of, and others have a petition process. Those convicted of a federal offense must contact the Office of the Pardon Attorney, Department of Justice, to receive a presidential pardon. Under the Department's rules governing petitions for executive clemency, 28 C.F.R. §§ 1.1 et seq., an applicant must satisfy a minimum waiting period of five years before he becomes eligible to apply for a presidential pardon of his federal conviction.</P>
<P>According to a 21 Sep 2011 "Open Letter to All Federal Firearms Licensees" from ATF, holders of state-issued <A href="/wiki/Medical_marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical marijuana">medical marijuana</A> cards are automatically "prohibited persons" under 18 U.S.C 922 (g)(3) and "shipping, transporting, receiving or possessing firearms or ammunition" by a medical marijuana card holder is a violation.<SUP id="cite_ref-Herbert110926_12-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Herbert110926-12">[12]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Additionally, 18 U.S.C 922 (x) generally prohibits persons under 18 years of age from possessing handguns or handgun ammunition with certain exceptions for employment, target practice, education, and a handgun possessed while defending the home of the juvenile or a home in which they are an invited guest.<SUP id="cite_ref-atfref_13-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-atfref-13">[13]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/Brady_Handgun_Violence_Prevention_Act" title="Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act">Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993</A> created the <A href="/wiki/National_Instant_Criminal_Background_Check_System" title="National Instant Criminal Background Check System">National Instant Criminal Background Check System</A> (NICS) to prevent firearms sales to such prohibited persons.</P>
<H2><SPAN id="Federal_Firearms_License_.28FFL.29_system"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Federal_Firearms_License_(FFL)_system">Federal Firearms License (FFL) system</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_Control_Act_of_1968&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Federal Firearms License (FFL) system">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Federal_Firearms_License" title="Federal Firearms License">Federal Firearms License</A></DIV>
<P>The Gun Control Act mandated the licensing of individuals and companies engaged in the business of selling firearms. This provision effectively prohibited the direct <A href="/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">mail order</A> of firearms (except <A href="/wiki/Antique_firearms" title="Antique firearms">antique firearms</A>) by consumers and mandated that anyone who wants to buy a gun in an interstate transaction from a source other than a private individual must do so through a federally licensed firearms dealer. The Act also banned unlicensed individuals from acquiring handguns outside their state of residence. The interstate purchase of long guns (rifles and shotguns) was not impeded by the Act so long as the seller is federally licensed and such a sale is allowed by both the state of purchase and the state of residence.</P>
<P>Private sales between residents of two different states are also prohibited without going through a licensed dealer, except for the case of a buyer holding a Curio & Relic license purchasing a firearm that qualifies as a curio or relic.</P>
<P>Private sales between unlicensed individuals who are residents of the same state are allowed under federal law so long as such transfers do not violate the other existing federal and state laws. While current law mandates that a background check be performed if the seller has a federal firearms license, private parties living in the same state are not required to perform such checks under federal law.</P>
<P>A person who does not have a <A href="/wiki/Federal_Firearms_License" title="Federal Firearms License">Federal Firearms License</A> may not be <I>in the business</I> of buying or selling firearms. Individuals buying and selling firearms without a federal license must be doing so from their own personal collection.</P>
<P>Under the Gun Control Act, a federally licensed importer, manufacturer, dealer or collector shall not sell or deliver any rifle or shotgun or ammunition for rifle or shotgun to any individual less than 18 years of age, nor any handgun or ammunition for a handgun to any individual less than 21 years of age.<SUP id="cite_ref-ATFP5300-4_14-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ATFP5300-4-14">[14]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Gunsmith_and_Factory_Repair_Exception">Gunsmith and Factory Repair Exception</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_Control_Act_of_1968&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gunsmith and Factory Repair Exception">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>While the Gun Control Act prohibits the direct mail-ordering of firearms, a person may ship a gun via contract carrier (such as <A href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">United Parcel Service</A>-UPS, <A href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</A> or <A href="/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx">FedEx</A>) to a <A href="/wiki/Gunsmith" title="Gunsmith">gunsmith</A> (who has an FFL) or the gunmaker's factory for repairs or modification. After the repair work is done, the gunsmith or the factory can ship the gun directly back to the customer.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Import_restrictions">Import restrictions</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_Control_Act_of_1968&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Import restrictions">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:221px;"><A href="/wiki/File:ATF_form_4590.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/ATF_form_4590.png/219px-ATF_form_4590.png" width="219" height="284" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/ATF_form_4590.png/329px-ATF_form_4590.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/ATF_form_4590.png/439px-ATF_form_4590.png 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="6600" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:ATF_form_4590.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
<A href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</A> Form 4590 ("Factoring Criteria for Weapons")</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>The GCA created what is known as the "sporting purposes" standard for imported firearms, saying that they must "be generally recognized as particularly suitable for or readily adaptable to sporting purposes." GCA sporting purposes includes <A href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</A> and organized competitive target shooting, but does not include "<A href="/wiki/Plinking" title="Plinking">plinking</A>" or "<A href="/wiki/Practical_shooting" title="Practical shooting">practical shooting</A>" (which the ATF says is closer to police/combat-style competition and not comparable to more traditional types of sports), nor does it allow for collection for historical or design interest.<SUP id="cite_ref-ATFtypscope_15-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ATFtypscope-15">[15]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-DOT1998_16-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-DOT1998-16">[16]</A></SUP><SUP class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<SPAN>16–18</SPAN></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Marking_requirements">Marking requirements</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_Control_Act_of_1968&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Marking requirements">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The law also required that all newly manufactured firearms produced by licensed manufacturers in the United States and imported into the United States bear a <A href="/wiki/Serial_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial number">serial number</A>. Firearms manufactured prior to the Gun Control Act and firearms manufactured by non-FFLs remain exempt from the serial number requirement. Defacement or removal of the serial number (if present) is a <A href="/wiki/Felony" title="Felony">felony</A> offense.</P>
<P><SPAN id="Criticism"></SPAN></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Commentary">Commentary</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_Control_Act_of_1968&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Commentary">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>In a June 1966 essay, <A href="/wiki/Neal_Knox" title="Neal Knox">Neal Knox</A> wrote that what was then called the Dodd Bill was opposed by outdoorsmen and conservationists <A href="/wiki/Harry_Woodward_(naturalist)" title="Harry Woodward (naturalist)">Harry R. Woodward</A>, C. R. Gutermuth of the Wildlife Management Institute, Richard H. Stroud of the Sport Fishing Institute, Howard Carter Jr. of the <A href="/wiki/National_Shooting_Sports_Foundation" title="National Shooting Sports Foundation">National Shooting Sports Foundation</A>, E. C. Hadley of the <A href="/wiki/Sporting_Arms_and_Ammunition_Manufacturers%27_Institute" title="Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute">Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute</A>, Robert T. Dennis of the <A href="/wiki/Izaak_Walton_League" title="Izaak Walton League">Izaak Walton League</A>, "and countless other sportsmen, and sportsmen and industry groups" because it would have a far-reaching and damaging effect on the hunting and shooting sports, while failing to reduce crime.<SUP id="cite_ref-TGRWp51_17-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-TGRWp51-17">[17]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In his remarks upon signing the act in October 1968, Johnson said:</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Congress adopted most of our recommendations. But this bill—as big as this bill is—still falls short, because we just could not get the Congress to carry out the requests we made of them. I asked for the national registration of all guns and the licensing of those who carry those guns. For the fact of life is that there are over 160 million guns in this country—more firearms than families. If guns are to be kept out of the hands of the criminal, out of the hands of the insane, and out of the hands of the irresponsible, then we just must have licensing. If the criminal with a gun is to be tracked down quickly, then we must have registration in this country. The voices that blocked these safeguards were not the voices of an aroused nation. They were the voices of a powerful lobby, a gun lobby, that has prevailed for the moment in an election year.<SUP id="cite_ref-LBJ681022_9-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-LBJ681022-9">[9]</A></SUP></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>At the time of its passage in 1968, NRA executive vice president <A href="/wiki/Franklin_Orth" title="Franklin Orth">Franklin Orth</A> wrote in <I>American Rifleman</I> that "the measure as a whole appears to be one that the sportsmen of America can live with".<SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP><SUP class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<SPAN>95</SPAN></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-19">[19]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In the May 1993 issue of <I><A href="/wiki/Guns_%26_Ammo" title="Guns & Ammo">Guns & Ammo</A></I> magazine, <A href="/wiki/Jews_for_the_Preservation_of_Firearms_Ownership" title="Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership">Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership</A> (JPFO) compared the GCA to <A href="/wiki/Nazi_gun_control_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi gun control theory">Nazi gun laws</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-TGRWp285_20-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-TGRWp285-20">[20]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Gunfightp83_21-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Gunfightp83-21">[21]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In a 2011 article noting the death of former U.S. Senator <A href="/wiki/James_A._McClure" title="James A. McClure">James A. McClure</A>, the NRA called provisions of the GCA "draconian."<SUP id="cite_ref-Norell2011_22-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Norell2011-22">[22]</A></SUP> McClure was cosponsor of the <A href="/wiki/Firearm_Owners_Protection_Act" title="Firearm Owners Protection Act">Firearm Owners Protection Act</A> (FOPA) of 1986, also called the McClure-Volkmer Act.<SUP id="cite_ref-Norell2011_22-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Norell2011-22">[22]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Political scientist <A href="/wiki/Robert_Spitzer_(political_scientist)" title="Robert Spitzer (political scientist)">Robert Spitzer</A> wrote in 2011 that the Gun Control Act of 1968 "provides an ideal case study to highlight the political processes affecting a direct effort to regulate firearms."<SUP id="cite_ref-MoralControversiesp175_23-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MoralControversiesp175-23">[23]</A></SUP> He also stated in his book that President Johnson's proposal called for national registration of all guns as well as licensing for all gun carriers,<SUP id="cite_ref-LBJ681022_9-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-LBJ681022-9">[9]</A></SUP> but his influence over the enacted law was small.<SUP id="cite_ref-MoralControversiesp175_23-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MoralControversiesp175-23">[23]</A></SUP> House Rules Committee chair <A href="/wiki/William_Colmer" class="mw-redirect" title="William Colmer">William Colmer</A> only released H.R. 177735 to the floor after Judiciary Committee chair <A href="/wiki/Emanuel_Celler" title="Emanuel Celler">Emanuel Celler</A> promised to oppose efforts to add licensing and registration provisions.<SUP id="cite_ref-MoralControversiesp176_24-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MoralControversiesp176-24">[24]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_Control_Act_of_1968&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_the_United_States" title="Gun law in the United States">Gun law in the United States</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun politics in the United States</A></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_Control_Act_of_1968&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-Michaud120419-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Michaud120419_1-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Michaud, Jon (April 19, 2012). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/backissues/2012/04/the-birth-of-the-modern-gun-debate.html">"The Birth of the Modern Gun Debate"</A>. <I>The New Yorker</I>. Condé Nast<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 6,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Birth+of+the+Modern+Gun+Debate&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft.aulast=Michaud&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fonline%2Fblogs%2Fbackissues%2F2012%2F04%2Fthe-birth-of-the-modern-gun-debate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Bugliosi2007-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Bugliosi2007_2-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Bugliosi, Vincent (2007). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7jrKTKDhvfkC&pg=PA200"><I>Reclaiming History: The Assassination of John F. Kennedy</I></A>. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 200. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04525-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04525-3">978-0-393-04525-3</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 7,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reclaiming+History%3A+The+Assassination+of+John+F.+Kennedy&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Co.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-393-04525-3&rft.aulast=Bugliosi&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7jrKTKDhvfkC%26pg%3DPA200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Rosenfeld-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Rosenfeld_3-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Rosenfeld_3-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Rosenfeld, Steven (January 14, 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2013/01/14/the_nra_once_supported_gun_control/">"The NRA once supported gun control"</A>. <I>Salon</I>. Salon Media Group<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 7,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=The+NRA+once+supported+gun+control&rft.date=2013-01-14&rft.aulast=Rosenfeld&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2013%2F01%2F14%2Fthe_nra_once_supported_gun_control%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-UnderFire-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-UnderFire_4-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Davidson, Osha Gray (1998). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X1LEQd2r1sYC&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false"><I>Under Fire: The NRA and the Battle for Gun Control</I></A>. University of Iowa Press. p. 30. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781587290428" title="Special:BookSources/9781587290428">9781587290428</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 14,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Under+Fire%3A+The+NRA+and+the+Battle+for+Gun+Control&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=University+of+Iowa+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9781587290428&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Osha+Gray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX1LEQd2r1sYC%26pg%3DPA30%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707222435/http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/asc/research/gun_control.htm">"Sources for Connecticut's role in the gun control debate"</A>. University of Connecticut. 2014. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/asc/research/gun_control.htm">the original</A> on July 7, 2014<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 7,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sources+for+Connecticut%27s+role+in+the+gun+control+debate&rft.pub=University+of+Connecticut&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoddcenter.uconn.edu%2Fasc%2Fresearch%2Fgun_control.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jpfo.org/common-sense/cs34.htm">"Common Sense"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">10 June</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Common+Sense&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjpfo.org%2Fcommon-sense%2Fcs34.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Finney680612-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Finney680612_7-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Finney, John W. (June 12, 1968). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20D15FD3E5D137A93C0A8178DD85F4C8685F9">"Gun Control Bill Blocked In House; Panel Deadlocks on Johnson Plan to Curb Rifle Sales – New Vote Is Scheduled"</A>. <I>New York Times</I>. p. 1<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 16,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gun+Control+Bill+Blocked+In+House%3B+Panel+Deadlocks+on+Johnson+Plan+to+Curb+Rifle+Sales+%E2%80%93+New+Vote+Is+Scheduled&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1968-06-12&rft.aulast=Finney&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF20D15FD3E5D137A93C0A8178DD85F4C8685F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(subscription required)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-NYTimes680621-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-NYTimes680621_8-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Finney, John W. (June 21, 1968). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20B14F63D5E147493C3AB178DD85F4C8685F9">"Senate Due To Act Today; House Unit Votes Gun Bill, But Senate Panel Delays It House Committee Vote"</A>. <I>New York Times</I>. p. 1<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 16,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Senate+Due+To+Act+Today%3B+House+Unit+Votes+Gun+Bill%2C+But+Senate+Panel+Delays+It+House+Committee+Vote&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1968-06-21&rft.aulast=Finney&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF20B14F63D5E147493C3AB178DD85F4C8685F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(subscription required)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-LBJ681022-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-LBJ681022_9-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-LBJ681022_9-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-LBJ681022_9-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Johnson, Lyndon B. (October 22, 1968). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29197">"553 – Remarks Upon Signing the Gun Control Act of 1968"</A>. <I>presidency.ucsb.edu</I>. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, <I>The American Presidency Project</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=presidency.ucsb.edu&rft.atitle=553+%E2%80%93+Remarks+Upon+Signing+the+Gun+Control+Act+of+1968.&rft.date=1968-10-22&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Lyndon+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2F%3Fpid%3D29197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Dolak131121-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Dolak131121_10-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Dolak, Kevin (November 21, 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abcnews.go.com/US/gun-debate-spurred-kennedy-assassination-rages-today/story?id=20677433">"Gun Debate Spurred by Kennedy Assassination Rages on Today"</A>. ABC News Internet Ventures<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 7,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gun+Debate+Spurred+by+Kennedy+Assassination+Rages+on+Today&rft.date=2013-11-21&rft.aulast=Dolak&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fgun-debate-spurred-kennedy-assassination-rages-today%2Fstory%3Fid%3D20677433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-CBS130413-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-CBS130413_11-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-gun-control-a-history-of-tragedy-legislative-action/">"U.S. gun control: A history of tragedy, legislative action"</A>. CBS Interactive. April 13, 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 7,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+gun+control%3A+A+history+of+tragedy%2C+legislative+action&rft.date=2013-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-gun-control-a-history-of-tragedy-legislative-action%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Herbert110926-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Herbert110926_12-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Herbert, Arthur (September 26, 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130216212205/http://www.atf.gov/press/releases/2011/09/092611-atf-open-letter-to-all-ffls-marijuana-for-medicinal-purposes.pdf">"Open Letter to All Federal Firearms Licensees"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <I>atf.gov</I>. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atf.gov/press/releases/2011/09/092611-atf-open-letter-to-all-ffls-marijuana-for-medicinal-purposes.pdf">the original</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN> on February 16, 2013.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=atf.gov&rft.atitle=Open+Letter+to+All+Federal+Firearms+Licensees&rft.date=2011-09-26&rft.aulast=Herbert&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atf.gov%2Fpress%2Freleases%2F2011%2F09%2F092611-atf-open-letter-to-all-ffls-marijuana-for-medicinal-purposes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-atfref-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-atfref_13-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/922">"18 U.S. Code § 922 – Unlawful acts"</A>. <I>law.cornell.edu</I>. Legal Information Institute (LII).</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=law.cornell.edu&rft.atitle=18+U.S.+Code+%C2%A7+922+%E2%80%93+Unlawful+acts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Ftext%2F18%2F922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-ATFP5300-4-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-ATFP5300-4_14-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091231162211/http://www.atf.gov/publications/download/p/atf-p-5300-4.pdf">"Federal Firearms Regulations Reference Guide 2005"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. 2005. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atf.gov/publications/download/p/atf-p-5300-4.pdf">the original</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN> on December 31, 2009.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Firearms+Regulations+Reference+Guide+2005&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atf.gov%2Fpublications%2Fdownload%2Fp%2Fatf-p-5300-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-ATFtypscope-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-ATFtypscope_15-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atf.treas.gov/pub/treas_pub/assault_rifles/typscope.pdf"><I>Defining the type of weapon under review</I>, The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-DOT1998-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-DOT1998_16-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atf.gov/files/publications/download/treas/treas-study-on-sporting-suitability-of-modified-semiautomatic-assault-rifles.pdf">"Department of the Treasury Study on the Sporting Suitability of Modified Semiautomatic Assault Rifles"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <I>atf.gov</I>. April 1998<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 5,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=atf.gov&rft.atitle=Department+of+the+Treasury+Study+on+the+Sporting+Suitability+of+Modified+Semiautomatic+Assault+Rifles&rft.date=1998-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atf.gov%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Fdownload%2Ftreas%2Ftreas-study-on-sporting-suitability-of-modified-semiautomatic-assault-rifles.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-TGRWp51-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-TGRWp51_17-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/Neal_Knox" title="Neal Knox">Knox, Neal</A> (2009) [1966]. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dA3pGSYG2yIC&pg=PA51">"The Dodd Bill Both Fact ... and Fantasy"</A>. In Knox, Chris. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3LSE2QfOCSoC"><I>The Gun Rights War: Dispatches from the Front Lines</I></A>. MacFarlane. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780976863304" title="Special:BookSources/9780976863304">9780976863304</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Dodd+Bill+Both+Fact+...+and+Fantasy&rft.btitle=The+Gun+Rights+War%3A+Dispatches+from+the+Front+Lines&rft.pub=MacFarlane&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780976863304&rft.aulast=Knox&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdA3pGSYG2yIC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Waldman, Michael (2014). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kSsGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT95#v=onepage&q&f=false"><I>The Second Amendment: A Biography</I></A>. Simon and Schuster. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476747460" title="Special:BookSources/9781476747460">9781476747460</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">6 July</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+Amendment%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781476747460&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkSsGAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT95%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-19"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Achenbach, Joel; Higham, Scott; Horwitz, Sari (12 January 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-nras-true-believers-converted-a-marksmanship-group-into-a-mighty-gun-lobby/2013/01/12/51c62288-59b9-11e2-88d0-c4cf65c3ad15_story.html">"How NRA's true believers converted a marksmanship group into a mighty gun lobby"</A>. <I>The Washington Post</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">6 July</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=How+NRA%E2%80%99s+true+believers+converted+a+marksmanship+group+into+a+mighty+gun+lobby&rft.date=2013-01-12&rft.aulast=Achenbach&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.au=Higham%2C+Scott&rft.au=Horwitz%2C+Sari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fhow-nras-true-believers-converted-a-marksmanship-group-into-a-mighty-gun-lobby%2F2013%2F01%2F12%2F51c62288-59b9-11e2-88d0-c4cf65c3ad15_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-TGRWp285-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-TGRWp285_20-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/Neal_Knox" title="Neal Knox">Knox, Neal</A> (2009) [1993]. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dA3pGSYG2yIC&pg=PA285">"JPFO Proves Me Wrong"</A>. In Knox, Chris. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3LSE2QfOCSoC"><I>The Gun Rights War: Dispatches from the Front Lines</I></A>. MacFarlane. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780976863304" title="Special:BookSources/9780976863304">9780976863304</A>. <A href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/423586835">423586835</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=JPFO+Proves+Me+Wrong&rft.btitle=The+Gun+Rights+War%3A+Dispatches+from+the+Front+Lines&rft.pub=MacFarlane&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F423586835&rft.isbn=9780976863304&rft.aulast=Knox&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdA3pGSYG2yIC%26pg%3DPA285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Gunfightp83-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Gunfightp83_21-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Winkler, Adam (2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CR1YBPB5nmkC&pg=PA83"><I>Gunfight: The Battle Over the Right to Bear Arms in America</I></A>. Norton. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393077414" title="Special:BookSources/9780393077414">9780393077414</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gunfight%3A+The+Battle+Over+the+Right+to+Bear+Arms+in+America&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780393077414&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCR1YBPB5nmkC%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Norell2011-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Norell2011_22-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Norell2011_22-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Norell, James O. E. (2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120506212824/http://www.nrapublications.org/index.php/9222/passing-of-a-legend/">"Passing of a Legend"</A>. <I>nrapublications.org</I>. National Rifle Association. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrapublications.org/index.php/9222/passing-of-a-legend/">the original</A> on May 6, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 5,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nrapublications.org&rft.atitle=Passing+of+a+Legend&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Norell&rft.aufirst=James+O.+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrapublications.org%2Findex.php%2F9222%2Fpassing-of-a-legend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-MoralControversiesp175-23"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-MoralControversiesp175_23-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-MoralControversiesp175_23-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Spitzer, Robert J. (2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NT50S7-X0jMC&pg=PA175">"Gun Control: Constitutional Mandate or Myth?"</A>. In Tatalovich, Raymond; Daynes, Byron W. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NT50S7-X0jMC"><I>Moral Controversies in American Politics</I></A>. M.E. Sharpe. p. 175. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780765627452" title="Special:BookSources/9780765627452">9780765627452</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gun+Control%3A+Constitutional+Mandate+or+Myth%3F&rft.btitle=Moral+Controversies+in+American+Politics&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780765627452&rft.aulast=Spitzer&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNT50S7-X0jMC%26pg%3DPA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-MoralControversiesp176-24"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-MoralControversiesp176_24-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Spitzer, Robert J. (2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NT50S7-X0jMC&pg=PA176">"Gun Control: Constitutional Mandate or Myth?"</A>. In Tatalovich, Raymond; Daynes, Byron W. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NT50S7-X0jMC"><I>Moral Controversies in American Politics</I></A>. M.E. Sharpe. p. 176. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780765627452" title="Special:BookSources/9780765627452">9780765627452</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gun+Control%3A+Constitutional+Mandate+or+Myth%3F&rft.btitle=Moral+Controversies+in+American+Politics&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780765627452&rft.aulast=Spitzer&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNT50S7-X0jMC%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_Control_Act_of_1968&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><CITE class="citation journal">Zimring, Frank (1968). "Is Gun Control Likely to Reduce Violent Killings?". <I>The University of Chicago Law Review</I>. <B>35</B> (4): 721–737. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.2307%2F1598883">10.2307/1598883</A>. <A href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1598883">1598883</A>. <A href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/65016157">65016157</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Chicago+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Is+Gun+Control+Likely+to+Reduce+Violent+Killings%3F&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=721-737&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F65016157&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1598883&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1598883&rft.aulast=Zimring&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation journal">Hahn, Robert A.; Bilukha, Oleg; Crosby, Alex; Fullilove, Mindy T.; Liberman, Akiva; Moscicki, Eve; Snyder, Susan; Tuma, Farris; et al. (2005). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecommunityguide.org/violence/viol-AJPM-evrev-firearms-law.pdf">"Firearms laws and the reduction of violence"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <I>American Journal of Preventive Medicine</I>. <B>28</B> (2): 40–71. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2004.10.005">10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.005</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15698747">15698747</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Firearms+laws+and+the+reduction+of+violence&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=40-71&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2004.10.005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15698747&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft.au=Bilukha%2C+Oleg&rft.au=Crosby%2C+Alex&rft.au=Fullilove%2C+Mindy+T.&rft.au=Liberman%2C+Akiva&rft.au=Moscicki%2C+Eve&rft.au=Snyder%2C+Susan&rft.au=Tuma%2C+Farris&rft.au=Briss%2C+Peter+A.&rft.au=Task+Force+on+Community+Preventive+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecommunityguide.org%2Fviolence%2Fviol-AJPM-evrev-firearms-law.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGun+Control+Act+of+1968" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_Control_Act_of_1968&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/90/hr17735/text">Text of H.R. 17735 (90th): An Act to amend title 18, United States Code, to provide for better control of the interstate traffic in firearms (Passed Congress/Enrolled Bill) – GovTrack.us</A></LI>
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</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Presidency_1963.E2.80.931969" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Presidency</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">1963 inauguration</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">1965 inauguration</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Architectural_Barriers_Act_of_1968" title="Architectural Barriers Act of 1968">Architectural Barriers Act</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Child_Nutrition_Act" title="Child Nutrition Act">Child Nutrition Act</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Economic_Opportunity_Act_of_1964" title="Economic Opportunity Act of 1964">Economic Opportunity Act of 1964</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Head_Start_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Head Start Program">Head Start Program</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Job_Corps" title="Job Corps">Job Corps</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Elementary_and_Secondary_Education_Act" title="Elementary and Secondary Education Act">Elementary and Secondary Education Act</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" title="Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">Fair Housing Act of 1968</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Food_Stamp_Act_of_1964" title="Food Stamp Act of 1964">Food Stamp Act of 1964</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Glassboro_Summit_Conference" title="Glassboro Summit Conference">Glassboro Summit</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Gun Control Act of 1968</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Act_of_1965" title="Higher Education Act of 1965">Higher Education Act of 1965</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Upward_Bound" title="Upward Bound">Upward Bound</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/TRIO_(program)" class="mw-redirect" title="TRIO (program)">TRIO</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Teacher_Corps" title="Teacher Corps">Teacher Corps</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1965%E2%80%9366)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66)">Dominican Republic occupation</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Meritorious_Service_Medal_(United_States)#History" title="Meritorious Service Medal (United States)">Meritorious Service Medal</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11246" title="Executive Order 11246">Non-Discrimination in Federal contracts</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11375" title="Executive Order 11375">Executive Order 11375</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Older_Americans_Act" title="Older Americans Act">Older Americans Act</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Operation_CHAOS" title="Operation CHAOS">Operation CHAOS</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty" title="Outer Space Treaty">Outer Space Treaty</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Act_of_1967" title="Public Broadcasting Act of 1967">Public Broadcasting Act of 1967</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Vietnam_War#Lyndon_B._Johnson's_escalation,_1963–69" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution" title="Gulf of Tonkin Resolution">Gulf of Tonkin Resolution</A></LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Credibility_gap" title="Credibility gap">Credibility gap</A>"</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/AmeriCorps_VISTA" title="AmeriCorps VISTA">VISTA</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/War_on_Poverty" title="War on Poverty">War on Poverty</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/White_House_Conference_on_Civil_Rights" title="White House Conference on Civil Rights">White House Conference on Civil Rights</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Preservation_of_the_White_House" title="Committee for the Preservation of the White House">White House preservation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/1966_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1966 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address, 1966</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/1968_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1968 State of the Union Address">1968</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Cabinet</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson">Judicial appointments</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Lyndon B. Johnson judicial appointment controversies">controversies</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Early_years" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Early years and career</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Operation_Texas" title="Operation Texas">Operation Texas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/KTBC_(TV)" title="KTBC (TV)">Texas Broadcasting Company</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Johnson_Amendment" title="Johnson Amendment">Johnson Amendment</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bashir_Ahmad_(camel_driver)" title="Bashir Ahmad (camel driver)">Bashir Ahmad</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Library_and_Museum" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum">Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_National_Grassland" title="Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland">Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_National_Historical_Park" title="Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park">Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center">Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Day" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Day">Lyndon Baines Johnson Day</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_School_of_Public_Affairs" title="Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs">Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Memorial_Grove_on_the_Potomac" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac">Memorial Grove on the Potomac</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamp</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_bibliography" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson bibliography">Bibliography</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Electoral history of Lyndon B. Johnson">Elections</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Texas%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 10th congressional district">United States House of Representatives special elections, 1937</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1938" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1938">United States House of Representatives elections, 1938</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1940" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1940">1940</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1942" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1942">1942</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1944" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1944">1944</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1946" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1946">1946</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States Senators from Texas">United States Senate special elections, 1941</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1948" title="United States Senate elections, 1948">United States Senate elections, 1948</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1954" title="United States Senate elections, 1954">1954</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1960_and_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1960 and 1961">1960</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_1960" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1960">Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1960</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_1964" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1964">1964</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_1968" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1968">1968</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention 1956</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1960" title="United States presidential election, 1960">United States presidential election, 1960</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1964" title="United States presidential election, 1964">1964</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_in_popular_culture" title="Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture">Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Daisy_(advertisement)" title="Daisy (advertisement)"><I>Daisy</I> advertisement</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Johnson_cult" title="Johnson cult">Johnson cult</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Years_of_Lyndon_Johnson" title="The Years of Lyndon Johnson">The Years of Lyndon Johnson</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(play)" title="All the Way (play)"><I>All the Way</I> <SMALL>(2012 play,</SMALL></A> <A href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(film)" title="All the Way (film)"><SMALL>2016 film</SMALL></A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/LBJ_(film)" title="LBJ (film)"><I>LBJ</I> <SMALL>(2017 film)</SMALL></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson</A> <SMALL>(wife)</SMALL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lynda_Bird_Johnson_Robb" title="Lynda Bird Johnson Robb">Lynda Bird Johnson Robb</A> <SMALL>(daughter)</SMALL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Luci_Baines_Johnson" title="Luci Baines Johnson">Luci Baines Johnson</A> <SMALL>(daughter)</SMALL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Samuel_Ealy_Johnson_Jr." title="Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.">Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.</A> <SMALL>(father)</SMALL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rebekah_Baines_Johnson" title="Rebekah Baines Johnson">Rebekah Baines Johnson</A> <SMALL>(mother)</SMALL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_Johnson" title="Sam Houston Johnson">Sam Houston Johnson</A> <SMALL>(brother)</SMALL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Samuel_Ealy_Johnson,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Ealy Johnson, Sr.">Samuel Ealy Johnson, Sr.</A> <SMALL>(grandfather)</SMALL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Joseph_Wilson_Baines" title="Joseph Wilson Baines">Joseph Wilson Baines</A> <SMALL>(grandfather)</SMALL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/George_Washington_Baines" title="George Washington Baines">George Washington Baines</A> <SMALL>(great-grandfather)</SMALL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chuck_Robb" title="Chuck Robb">Chuck Robb</A> <SMALL>(son-in-law)</SMALL></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">← John F. Kennedy</A></B></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon →</A></B></LI>
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