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			<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Firestone Tire and Rubber Company</H1>
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<CAPTION class="fn org">Firestone Tire and Rubber Company</CAPTION>
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" class="logo" style="text-align:center"><A href="/wiki/File:Firestone.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Firestone.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Firestone.svg/250px-Firestone.svg.png" width="250" height="44" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Firestone.svg/375px-Firestone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Firestone.svg/500px-Firestone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="44" /></A></TD>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.5em;">
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/List_of_business_entities" title="List of business entities">Type</A></DIV>
</TH>
<TD class="category" style="line-height:1.35em;"><A href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Industry</TH>
<TD class="category" style="line-height:1.35em;"><A href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Founded</TH>
<TD style="line-height:1.35em;"><A href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron, Ohio</A>, <A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</A> (August 3, 1900<SPAN class="noprint">; 117 years ago</SPAN><SPAN style="display:none"> (<SPAN class="bday dtstart published updated">1900-08-03</SPAN>)</SPAN>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Founder</TH>
<TD class="agent" style="line-height:1.35em;"><A href="/wiki/Harvey_Firestone" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Firestone">Harvey Firestone</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Headquarters</TH>
<TD class="label" style="line-height:1.35em;">200 4th Ave S, <SPAN class="locality"><A href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</A></SPAN>, <SPAN class="country-name">United States</SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.5em;">
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Area served</DIV>
</TH>
<TD style="line-height:1.35em;">Worldwide</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.5em;">
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Key people</DIV>
</TH>
<TD class="agent" style="line-height:1.35em;">
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI>Gordon Knapp (<A href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</A> and <A href="/wiki/President" title="President">President</A>)</LI>
<LI>Bill Thompson (<A href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">COO</A>)</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Products</TH>
<TD style="line-height:1.35em;">Tires</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Revenue</TH>
<TD style="line-height:1.35em;"><IMG alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" title="Increase" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$ 2.09 billion (2004)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.5em;">
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Number of employees</DIV>
</TH>
<TD style="line-height:1.35em;">40,000</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.5em;"><A href="/wiki/Parent_company" title="Parent company">Parent</A></TH>
<TD style="line-height:1.35em;"><A href="/wiki/Bridgestone" title="Bridgestone">Bridgestone</A> (1988–present)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.5em;">Website</TH>
<TD style="line-height:1.35em;"><SPAN class="url"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://firestone.com">firestone<WBR />.com</A></SPAN></TD>
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<P>The <B>Firestone Tire and Rubber Company</B> is an American tire company founded by <A href="/wiki/Harvey_Samuel_Firestone" title="Harvey Samuel Firestone">Harvey Samuel Firestone</A> in 1900 to supply pneumatic <A href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tires</A> for wagons, <A href="/wiki/Horse_and_buggy" title="Horse and buggy">buggies</A>, and other forms of wheeled transportation common in the era. Firestone soon saw the huge potential for marketing tires for <A href="/wiki/Automobiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobiles">automobiles</A>. The company was a pioneer in the <A href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass production</A> of tires. Harvey Firestone had a friendship with <A href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</A>. Firestone used this relationship to become the original equipment supplier of <A href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</A> automobiles, and was also active in the replacement market.<SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 1988, the company was sold to the Japanese <A href="/wiki/Bridgestone" title="Bridgestone">Bridgestone</A> Corporation.</P>
<P></P>
<DIV id="toc" class="toc">
<DIV class="toctitle">
<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#History"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">History</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><A href="#Early-to-mid-20th_century"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Early-to-mid-20th century</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><A href="#Restructuring_and_sale_to_Bridgestone"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Restructuring and sale to Bridgestone</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><A href="#In_motorsport"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">In motorsport</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#Corporate_troubles"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Corporate troubles</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><A href="#Great_American_streetcar_scandal"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Great American streetcar scandal</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><A href="#Firestone_500_tread_separation_problem"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Firestone 500 tread separation problem</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><A href="#Liberian_rubber_plantation"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Liberian rubber plantation</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><A href="#Ford_Explorer_rollover_problem"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Ford Explorer rollover problem</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><A href="#Television_advertisement_jingle"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Television advertisement jingle</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><A href="#Other_brands"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Other brands</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<P></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="History">History</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Early-to-mid-20th_century">Early-to-mid-20th century</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early-to-mid-20th century">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><A href="/wiki/File:FSStorefront.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/FSStorefront.png" width="200" height="159" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="159" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:FSStorefront.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
The First Firestone store</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tleft">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:This_is_the_Firestone_Year_ad_1919.pdf" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/This_is_the_Firestone_Year_ad_1919.pdf/page1-220px-This_is_the_Firestone_Year_ad_1919.pdf.jpg" width="220" height="285" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/This_is_the_Firestone_Year_ad_1919.pdf/page1-330px-This_is_the_Firestone_Year_ad_1919.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/This_is_the_Firestone_Year_ad_1919.pdf/page1-440px-This_is_the_Firestone_Year_ad_1919.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2510" data-file-height="3254" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:This_is_the_Firestone_Year_ad_1919.pdf" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Firestone newspaper ad from 1919, explaining the benefits of their cord tire.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>Firestone was originally based in <A href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron, Ohio</A>, also the hometown of its archrival, <A href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company">Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company</A>, and another two mid-sized competitors, <A href="/wiki/General_Tire" title="General Tire">General Tire and Rubber</A> and <A href="/wiki/BF_Goodrich" class="mw-redirect" title="BF Goodrich">BF Goodrich</A>. Founded on August 3, 1900,<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP> the company initiated operations with 12 employees.<SUP id="cite_ref-bridge_3-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-bridge-3">[3]</A></SUP> Together, Firestone and Goodyear were the largest suppliers of automotive tires in North America for over 75 years. In 1906 Henry Ford chose Firestone for <A href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Model T</A> original equipment tires.<SUP id="cite_ref-Model_T_Ford_4-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Model_T_Ford-4">[4]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 1918, Firestone Tire and Rubber Company of Canada was incorporated in Hamilton, Ontario and in 1922, the first Canadian-made tire rolled off the line on September 15.<SUP id="cite_ref-Canada_5-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Canada-5">[5]</A></SUP> During the 1920s, Firestone produced the Oldfield tire, named for <A href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">racing</A> driver <A href="/wiki/Barney_Oldfield" title="Barney Oldfield">Barney Oldfield</A>.</P>
<P>In 1926, the company opened one of the world's biggest rubber plantations in <A href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</A>, West Africa, spanning more than 1 million acres. 1926 was also the year that the company opened its first Firestone Complete Auto Care store (Firestone Complete Auto Care is a division of Firestone that offers automotive maintenance and repair).</P>
<P>In 1927, <A href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</A> and tire maven <A href="/wiki/Harvey_Samuel_Firestone" title="Harvey Samuel Firestone">Harvey Firestone</A> took a trip to Los Angeles to select locations for their new factories. Friends say Ford wanted to be near the ocean and picked Long Beach and suggested Firestone go to <A href="/wiki/South_Gate,_California" title="South Gate, California">South Gate, California</A>. The tiny community southeast of Downtown was mostly agriculture at the time and Firestone found 40 acres of beanfield to house his new manufacturing plant. Architects Curlett and Beelman created a spectacular four-storey Italianate complex, with its own power plant and gorgeous polychrome murals by Gladding McBean depicting the tire and rubber-making process. A year after the plant opened in 1928 it doubled in size. By 1954, when they added the Corporal guided missile to their offerings, the plant was nearly a million square feet. The town grew around Firestone, they named the main boulevard through town after Harvey, and Los Angeles became the number one tire market in the country. By the mid-1970s Ford and GM had massive layoffs as Firestone and other manufacturers opened new plants in non-union locales like Wilson, North Carolina. After much downsizing the end came in 1980 when 1,300 workers were laid off and the plant closed. <A href="/wiki/East_Los_Angeles_College" title="East Los Angeles College">East Los Angeles College</A> has proposed a new satellite campus at the site.<SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 1928 the company <A href="/wiki/Firestone_tyre_factory_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Firestone tyre factory (London)">built a factory</A> in <A href="/wiki/Golden_Mile_(Brentford)" title="Golden Mile (Brentford)">Brentford</A>, England, a longtime <A href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</A> landmark on a major route into the city. This closed in 1979.</P>
<P>In 1936 the company opened a plant in <A href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</A>. With a work force exceeding 3,000 employees, the Memphis plant was the largest tire manufacturer in the company's worldwide operation. On July 1, 1963, the company celebrated the production of 100 million tires in Memphis.<SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP> The plant was closed in 1982.<SUP id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-8">[8]</A></SUP></P>
<P>During <A href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</A> the company was called on by the <A href="/wiki/U.S._Government" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Government">U.S. Government</A> to make artillery shells, aluminum kegs for food transport and rubberized military products. Firestone ranked 55th among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts.<SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP> In the 1940s, Firestone was given a defense contract to produce plastic helmet liners. While outproduced by <A href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Westinghouse Electric">Westinghouse Electric</A> they still made a fair amount for the <A href="/wiki/M1_Helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="M1 Helmet">M1 Helmet</A>.</P>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Corporalmissile.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Corporalmissile.jpg/220px-Corporalmissile.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Corporalmissile.jpg/330px-Corporalmissile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Corporalmissile.jpg/440px-Corporalmissile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></A>
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Corporal Missile</DIV>
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<P>In 1951, Firestone was given the defense contract for the <A href="/wiki/MGM-5_Corporal" title="MGM-5 Corporal">MGM-5 Corporal</A> missile. Firestone was given a total of <A href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</A>6,888,796 for the first 200 Missiles. This missile was known as the "Embryo of the Army" and was a surface-to-surface guided missile which could deliver a high-explosive warhead up to 75 nautical miles (139 km). It was later modified to be able to carry a nuclear payload for use in the event of <A href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</A> hostilities in Eastern Europe. This missile was replaced in 1962 by the <A href="/wiki/MGM-29_Sergeant" title="MGM-29 Sergeant">MGM-29 Sergeant</A> system.<SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 1961, Firestone acquired the Dayton Tire division from the Dayco Corporation.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Restructuring_and_sale_to_Bridgestone">Restructuring and sale to Bridgestone</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Restructuring and sale to Bridgestone">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:2017-09-19_(352)_Firestone_Firehawk_700_195-55_R_15_tire_at_Bahnhof_Melk.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/2017-09-19_%28352%29_Firestone_Firehawk_700_195-55_R_15_tire_at_Bahnhof_Melk.jpg/220px-2017-09-19_%28352%29_Firestone_Firehawk_700_195-55_R_15_tire_at_Bahnhof_Melk.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/2017-09-19_%28352%29_Firestone_Firehawk_700_195-55_R_15_tire_at_Bahnhof_Melk.jpg/330px-2017-09-19_%28352%29_Firestone_Firehawk_700_195-55_R_15_tire_at_Bahnhof_Melk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/2017-09-19_%28352%29_Firestone_Firehawk_700_195-55_R_15_tire_at_Bahnhof_Melk.jpg/440px-2017-09-19_%28352%29_Firestone_Firehawk_700_195-55_R_15_tire_at_Bahnhof_Melk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></A>
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Firestone Firehawk 700 195/55 R 15 (2017)</DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Berkeley_Heights_NJ_Firestone_service_representative.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Berkeley_Heights_NJ_Firestone_service_representative.jpg/220px-Berkeley_Heights_NJ_Firestone_service_representative.jpg" width="220" height="275" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Berkeley_Heights_NJ_Firestone_service_representative.jpg/330px-Berkeley_Heights_NJ_Firestone_service_representative.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Berkeley_Heights_NJ_Firestone_service_representative.jpg/440px-Berkeley_Heights_NJ_Firestone_service_representative.jpg 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="881" /></A>
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Firestone operates a chain of repair shops which perform maintenance on cars. A service representative in <A href="/wiki/Berkeley_Heights,_New_Jersey" title="Berkeley Heights, New Jersey">Berkeley Heights, New Jersey</A>.</DIV>
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<P>In late 1979, Firestone brought in John Nevin, the ex-head of <A href="/wiki/Zenith_Electronics_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Zenith Electronics Corporation">Zenith Electronics</A>, as president to save the hemorrhaging company from total collapse. It was more than a billion dollars in debt at the time, and losing 250 million dollars a year. Nevin closed nine of the company's seventeen manufacturing plants, including six in one day. He relocated the company from its ancestral home in Akron to Chicago. He spun off non-tire related businesses, including the Firestone Country Club. It was considered a deliberate plan to boost the stock price, and it paid off. In 1988, after discussions with Pirelli, Nevin negotiated the sale of the company to the Japanese company <A href="/wiki/Bridgestone" title="Bridgestone">Bridgestone</A>. Bridgestone Corporation Japan was able to buy the company for much less than it had been worth a decade and a half earlier.<SUP id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-11">[11]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-12">[12]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-13">[13]</A></SUP> The combined Bridgestone / Firestone North American operations are now based in <A href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</A>. In 2008, the companies celebrated a 20-year anniversary of the merger, and changed the tire division name to Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, LLC. In 2012, Bridgestone Americas opened a $100 million technical center in Akron.</P>
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Firestone tires used for the <A href="/wiki/Indianapolis_500" title="Indianapolis 500">Indianapolis 500</A> race.</DIV>
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<P>Apart from tires, several companies and divisions operate with the Firestone brand in its name. These companies include <A href="/wiki/Firestone_Building_Products" title="Firestone Building Products">Firestone Building Products, LLC</A>, Firestone Industrial Products, LLC, Firestone Complete Auto Care, Firestone Natural Rubber Company and Firestone Specialty Products. Firestone Building Products and Firestone Industrial Products are headquartered in <A href="/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Indianapolis, Indiana">Indianapolis, Indiana</A> and operate in 23 U.S. states and ten countries, with 11,000 employees worldwide. The company reports annual sales of more than $2.5 billion.<SUP id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-14">[14]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 1972, Firestone received a ten-year import "concession" by the Kenyan government to secure Firestone's investment in a domestic tire plant, which gave it a virtual monopoly.<SUP id="cite_ref-Robert_Bates_1981._p._68_15-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Robert_Bates_1981._p._68-15">[15]</A></SUP> This included both general price and <A href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_controls" title="Foreign exchange controls">foreign exchange controls</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Stopford_1991.2C_p._148_16-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Stopford_1991.2C_p._148-16">[16]</A></SUP> When the 10-year period came to an end in 1979, Firestone retaliated by increasing production, making entry less attractive.<SUP id="cite_ref-Robert_Bates_1981._p._68_15-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Robert_Bates_1981._p._68-15">[15]</A></SUP> Headquarters eventually canceled expansion and failed negotiations lead to no further investments.<SUP id="cite_ref-Stopford_1991.2C_p._148_16-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Stopford_1991.2C_p._148-16">[16]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="In_motorsport">In motorsport</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In motorsport">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/1911_Indianapolis_500" title="1911 Indianapolis 500">1911 Indianapolis 500</A> auto race was won by a car running Firestone tires. Firestone-shod cars won all editions of the race from 1920 to 1966. The company also provided tires to <A href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</A> from 1950 to 1974. Citing rising costs as the cause, Firestone announced its withdrawal from professional motorsport in August 1974 with the exception of <A href="/wiki/Formula_5000" title="Formula 5000">Formula 5000</A> and Formula One. The change was forecast to reduce Firestone's annual race testing budget from between $6 and $8 million dollars to around $500,000.<SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[17]</A></SUP> Shortly afterwards, Firestone extended this to a complete withdrawal by the end of the 1974 season.<SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP> The manufacturer returned in 1995 to the CART series with technical assistance from Bridgestone. <A href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company">Goodyear</A> retired after 1999, thereby leaving Firestone as the single supplier of the <A href="/wiki/IndyCar_Series" title="IndyCar Series">IndyCar Series</A> as of 2017.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Corporate_troubles">Corporate troubles</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Corporate troubles">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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A service manager explains periodic recommended engine part replacements.</DIV>
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Great_American_streetcar_scandal">Great American streetcar scandal</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Great American streetcar scandal">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>In 1950, Firestone along with <A href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</A> and <A href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Standard Oil</A> were charged and convicted of <A href="/wiki/Criminal_conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal conspiracy">criminal conspiracy</A> for their part in the <A href="/wiki/Great_American_streetcar_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Great American streetcar scandal">Great American streetcar scandal</A>. The scandal included purchasing <A href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">streetcar</A> systems throughout the United States and dismantling and replacing them with buses.<SUP id="cite_ref-chomsky_19-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-chomsky-19">[19]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Firestone_500_tread_separation_problem">Firestone 500 tread separation problem</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Firestone 500 tread separation problem">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P><A href="/wiki/Radial_tire" title="Radial tire">Radial tires</A> were introduced to the U.S. market by rivals Goodrich and Michelin in the late 1960s, and Firestone lacked their own radial tire. The first radial tire developed and produced by Firestone was the ill-fated Firestone 500 Radial. Manufacturing of the new tire was performed on equipment designed to manufacture bias-ply tires.<SUP id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-20">[20]</A></SUP></P>
<P>During the 1970s, Firestone experienced major problems with the Firestone 500 radial. The Firestone 500 steel-belted radials began to show signs of separation of the tread at high speeds. While the cause was never proved, it is believed that the failure of bonding cements, used by Firestone to hold the tread to the tire carcass, may have allowed water to penetrate the tire which in turn may have caused the internal steel wire to corrode. In March 1978, the U.S. <A href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</A> (NHTSA) announced publicly a formal investigation into defects of the Firestone 500. The NHTSA investigation found that the tread separation problem was most probably a design defect affecting all Firestone 500's.</P>
<P>In 1973, only two years after the 500's debut, Thomas A. Robertson, Firestone's director of development wrote an internal memo stating "We are making an inferior quality radial tire which will subject us to belt-edge separation at high mileage".<SUP id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-21">[21]</A></SUP> Firestone introduced strict quality control measures in an attempt to fix the inherent problems, however they were not successful in totally eliminating the basic faults. In 1977 a recall of 400,000 tires produced at the problematic <A href="/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois" title="Decatur, Illinois">Decatur</A> plant was initiated. Firestone was considered to be less than cooperative with the NHTSA during the agency's investigation into the Firestone 500. Firestone blamed the problems on the consumer, stating underinflation and poor maintenance.</P>
<P>On October 20, 1978, Firestone recalled over 7 million Firestone 500 tires,<SUP id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-22">[22]</A></SUP> the largest tire recall to date. Congressional hearings into the 500 also took place in 1978. The tire was found to be defective and the cause of 250 deaths. In May 1980 after finding that they knew the tires were defective, the NHTSA fined Firestone $500,000 USD, which at that time was the largest fine imposed on any U.S. corporation and the largest civil penalty imposed since passage of the 1966 National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Act. Multiple lawsuits were settled out of court and the constant negative publicity crippled the company's sales and share price.<SUP id="cite_ref-Wharton_23-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Wharton-23">[23]</A></SUP></P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</A> and <A href="/wiki/Wharton_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Wharton School">Wharton School</A> of the <A href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</A> taught classes and wrote papers on the issues of misjudgments and poor decision-making by the management of Firestone.<SUP id="cite_ref-Wharton_23-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Wharton-23">[23]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-24">[24]</A></SUP> After years of bad publicity and millions paid out in compensation to victims, Firestone was losing vast amounts of money, and its name was severely damaged.<SUP id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-25">[25]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-26">[26]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-27">[27]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Liberian_rubber_plantation">Liberian rubber plantation</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Liberian rubber plantation">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
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Latex collection</DIV>
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<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Firestone_Natural_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Natural Rubber Company">Firestone Natural Rubber Company</A></DIV>
<P>Firestone established the Firestone Natural Rubber plantation in <A href="/wiki/Harbel,_Liberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbel, Liberia">Harbel, Liberia</A> in 1926. From 1926 until the outbreak of the <A href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">First Liberian Civil War</A> in 1990, the <A href="/wiki/Firestone_Natural_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Natural Rubber Company">Firestone Natural Rubber Company</A> was the largest plantation of its kind in the world.<SUP id="cite_ref-Firestone_and_the_Warlord_-_Intro_28-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Firestone_and_the_Warlord_-_Intro-28">[28]</A></SUP> In September 1990, rebel <A href="/wiki/NPFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NPFL">NPFL</A> forces (led by <A href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(Liberian_politician)" title="Charles Taylor (Liberian politician)">Charles Taylor</A>, who would later be convicted of <A href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</A>) executed sitting Liberian president <A href="/wiki/Samuel_Doe" title="Samuel Doe">Samuel Doe</A><SUP id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-29">[29]</A></SUP> and seized the Harbel plantation.<SUP id="cite_ref-Firestone_and_the_Warlord_-_Intro_28-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Firestone_and_the_Warlord_-_Intro-28">[28]</A></SUP> Firestone had to evacuate its American workers as a result. In June 1991, Firestone sent a delegation to Monrovia in an attempt to restart operations in Harbel.<SUP id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-30">[30]</A></SUP> After a month of waiting, the delegation was brought to meet Taylor, and after a further six months of negotiations the company signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the National Patriotic Reconstruction Assembly Government's Ministry of Finance in January 1991.<SUP id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-31">[31]</A></SUP> This MOU provided for taxes to be paid by Firestone to the Taylor government, and for the Taylor government to provide protection to Firestone's employees and assets in Liberia. Firestone resumed operations in March 1992, but once again had to halt in October that same year as hostilites escalated.<SUP id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-32">[32]</A></SUP> Over this period, the company had paid $2.3 million in taxes to the Taylor government, which some say helped legitimize Taylor's <A href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater Liberia (page does not exist)">Greater Liberia</A> government and finance and enable its attack on <A href="/wiki/ECOMOG" class="mw-redirect" title="ECOMOG">ECOMOG</A> controlled Monrovia.<SUP id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-33">[33]</A></SUP> Operations did not fully restart until 2003 at the conclusion of the <A href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">Second Liberian Civil War</A>. Since the end of the war, Firestone has invested over $100 million<SUP id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-34">[34]</A></SUP> in restoring and rebuilding its facilities in Liberia.</P>
<P>The company's ventures in Liberia have been the subject of considerable scrutiny and criticism, including a 2005 <A href="/wiki/Alien_Tort_Claims_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Alien Tort Claims Act">Alien Tort Claims Act</A> case<SUP id="cite_ref-Claim_against_Firestone_35-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Claim_against_Firestone-35">[35]</A></SUP> brought in <A href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</A> by the <A href="/wiki/International_Labor_Rights_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="International Labor Rights Fund">International Labor Rights Fund</A> and a 2014 investigative report by <A href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</A> entitled "<A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_and_the_Warlord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firestone and the Warlord (page does not exist)">Firestone and the Warlord</A>",<SUP id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-36">[36]</A></SUP> and a PBS <I><A href="/wiki/Frontline_(U.S._TV_series)" title="Frontline (U.S. TV series)">Frontline</A></I> documentary by the same name.<SUP id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-37">[37]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Ford_Explorer_rollover_problem">Ford Explorer rollover problem</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ford Explorer rollover problem">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Firestone_and_Ford_tire_controversy" title="Firestone and Ford tire controversy">Firestone and Ford tire controversy</A></DIV>
<P>In 1996, several state agencies in Arizona began experiencing major issues with Firestone tires on Explorers. According to news reports, various agencies demanded new tires, and Firestone conducted an investigation of the complaints, tested the tires and tried to assert that the tires had been abused or under-inflated.</P>
<P>On September 6, 2000, in a statement before the U.S. Senate <A href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Transportation,_Housing_and_Urban_Development,_and_Related_Agencies" title="United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies">Appropriations Transportation subcommittee</A> the president of the <A href="/wiki/Consumer_advocacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer advocacy">consumer advocacy</A> group <A href="/wiki/Public_Citizen" title="Public Citizen">Public Citizen</A>, <A href="/wiki/Joan_Claybrook" title="Joan Claybrook">Joan Claybrook</A>, stated:</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE class="templatequote">
<P>...There are a number of parallels between this recall in 2000 and the 1978 recall of the Firestone 500...there was a documented coverup by Firestone of the 500 defect, spurred by the lack of a Firestone replacement tire. When the coverup was disclosed, the top management of the company was replaced as Firestone was severely damaged in reputation and economically. But a key difference is that the Firestone 500 was used on passenger cars, which rarely rolled over with tire failure. NHTSA documented 41 deaths with the 500, a recall, involving seven million tires.<SUP id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-38">[38]</A></SUP></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The report went on to indicate that Ford also had been complicit, stating that The Ford Motor Company had instructed Firestone to add a nylon ply to the tires it manufactured in Venezuela for additional strength and that Ford had made suspension changes to the Explorer model available in Venezuela. Ford did not specify adding the nylon ply for U.S.-made Firestone tires nor did it change the Explorer suspension on U.S. models at this time.</P>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:1st-Explorer-2.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/1st-Explorer-2.jpg/220px-1st-Explorer-2.jpg" width="220" height="131" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/1st-Explorer-2.jpg/330px-1st-Explorer-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/1st-Explorer-2.jpg/440px-1st-Explorer-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="608" /></A>
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Ford Explorer</DIV>
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<P>An abnormally high failure rate in Firestone's Wilderness AT, Firestone ATX, and ATX II tires resulted in multiple lawsuits, as well as an eventual mandatory recall. In 2001 Bridgestone/Firestone severed its ties to Ford citing a lack of trust. The lack of trust stemmed from concerns that Ford had not heeded warnings by Bridgestone/Firestone relating to the design of the Ford Explorer.<SUP id="cite_ref-cnn_39-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-cnn-39">[39]</A></SUP> In 2006, Firestone announced renewed efforts to recall tires of the same model recalled in 2000 after the tires were linked to recent deaths and injuries. According to Firestone's last filing with the National Highway Transportation Administration, only 90,259 of more than 2.5 million recalled tires were confirmed as removed from service.<SUP id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-40">[40]</A></SUP> In November 2013, two recalled Wilderness AT tires were found in Atlanta, Georgia.<SUP id="cite_ref-wsbtv.com_41-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-wsbtv.com-41">[41]</A></SUP> One of the tires was offered for sale as new at a used tire retail shop.<SUP id="cite_ref-wsbtv.com_41-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-wsbtv.com-41">[41]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Some outside observers have speculated about the blame worthiness of both parties. Firestone's tires being prone to tread separation and failure, and the SUVs being especially prone to rolling over if a tire fails at speed compared to other vehicles. A subsequent NHTSA investigation of real world accident data showed that the Ford Explorer SUVs in question were no more likely to roll over than any other SUV, after a tread separation.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Television_advertisement_jingle">Television advertisement jingle</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Television advertisement jingle">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Firestone_balloon.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Firestone_balloon.png/220px-Firestone_balloon.png" width="220" height="151" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Firestone_balloon.png/330px-Firestone_balloon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Firestone_balloon.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="279" /></A>
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Early Firestone Advertisement</DIV>
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<P><I>Where the Rubber Meets the Road</I><SUP id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-42">[42]</A></SUP> is an advertisement <A href="/wiki/Jingle" title="Jingle">jingle</A> that was frequently used in the 1960s and 1970s, especially on televised sporting events. The jingle was sung by <A href="/wiki/Don_Rondo" title="Don Rondo">Don Rondo</A>.</P>
<DL>
<DD>Wherever wheels are rolling,</DD>
<DD>No matter what the load,</DD>
<DD>The name that's known is <I>Firestone</I></DD>
<DD>Where the rubber meets the road</DD>
</DL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Other_brands">Other brands</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other brands">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Bridgestone/Firestone also produces tires under the Fuzion brand name. Fuzion is a tire manufactured in China for Bridgestone/ Firestone as a budget replacement tire.</P>
<P>Makes include the Fuzion UHP Sport A/S, SUV, and Touring.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bridgestone" title="Bridgestone">Bridgestone</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Firestone-Apsley_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone-Apsley Rubber Company">Firestone-Apsley Rubber Company</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Formula_One_tires" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula One tires">Formula One tires</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tom_Gegax" title="Tom Gegax">Tom Gegax</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/IndyCar_Series" title="IndyCar Series">IndyCar Series</A></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Newton, James (June 1989). <I>Uncommon Friends: Life with Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone, Alexis Carrel, and Charles Lindbergh</I>. <A href="/wiki/Mariner_Books" title="Mariner Books">Mariner Books</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-692620-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-692620-1">978-0-15-692620-1</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.btitle=Uncommon+Friends%3A+Life+with+Thomas+Edison%2C+Henry+Ford%2C+Harvey+Firestone%2C+Alexis+Carrel%2C+and+Charles+Lindbergh&rft.date=1989-06&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-15-692620-1&rft.pub=Mariner+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bridgestone-firestone.com/corporate/history/index.html">"A Global Dream"</A>. Bridgestone Americas<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">3 August</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.btitle=A+Global+Dream&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Bridgestone+Americas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bridgestone-firestone.com%2Fcorporate%2Fhistory%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-bridge-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-bridge_3-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100510230226/http://www.bridgestone-firestone.ca/eng/history/default.asp">"History of Bridgestone/Firestone"</A>. Bridgestone/Firestone Canada. 2009. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bridgestone-firestone.ca/eng/history/default.asp">the original</A> on 10 May 2010.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.btitle=History+of+Bridgestone%2FFirestone&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Bridgestone%2FFirestone+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbridgestone-firestone.ca%2Feng%2Fhistory%2Fdefault.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Model_T_Ford-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Model_T_Ford_4-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EPF/is_5_100/ai_65911267">Firestone 8000 Tire Order by Ford</A> Ford Chooses Firestone for Model T</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Canada-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Canada_5-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bridgestone-firestone.ca/eng/history/default.asp">Canada manufactures first Firestone tire</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100510230226/http://www.bridgestone-firestone.ca/eng/history/default.asp">Archived</A> 2010-05-10 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>. Firestone Canada Incorporated</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Chris Nichols (2013-03-01). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lamag.com/askchris/displa-case-52-las-first-firestone-tire/">"DispL.A. Case #52: L.A.'s First Firestone Tire - Los Angeles Magazine"</A>. Lamag.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-12-17</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.au=Chris+Nichols&rft.btitle=DispL.A.+Case+%2352%3A+L.A.%27s+First+Firestone+Tire+-+Los+Angeles+Magazine&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Lamag.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lamag.com%2Faskchris%2Fdispla-case-52-las-first-firestone-tire%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memphisflyer.com/AskVanceBlog/archives/2009/02/14/firestone-tire-and-rubber-company">Lost Memphis Firestone Tire & Rubber Company</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-8"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/18/business/firestone-closings.html">Firestone Closings</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="/wiki/Whiz_Kids_(Department_of_Defense)" title="Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)">Peck, Merton J.</A> & <A href="/wiki/Frederic_M._Scherer" title="Frederic M. Scherer">Scherer, Frederic M.</A> <I>The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis</I> (1962) <A href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</A> p.619</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070310222630/http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/systems/corporal/welcome.html">"Corporal"</A>. Redstone Arsenal. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/systems/corporal/welcome.html">the original</A> on 2007-03-10<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.btitle=Corporal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Redstone+Arsenal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redstone.army.mil%2Fhistory%2Fsystems%2Fcorporal%2Fwelcome.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-11"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201608/http://www.tirereview.com/Default.aspx?type=art&id=6133&switchMonth=2&switchYear=2007">"Old & Dangerous?"</A>. Tire Review Online. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tirereview.com/Default.aspx?type=art&id=6133&switchMonth=2&switchYear=2007">the original</A> on 2007-09-27<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.btitle=Old+%26+Dangerous%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Tire+Review+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tirereview.com%2FDefault.aspx%3Ftype%3Dart%26id%3D6133%26switchMonth%3D2%26switchYear%3D2007&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-12"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tirebusiness.com/subscriber/opinion2.phtml?cat=3&id=1149519985&subtitle=Editorial">"Tire industry loses two giants"</A>. Tire Business. 2006-06-05<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.btitle=Tire+industry+loses+two+giants&rft.date=2006-06-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Tire+Business&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tirebusiness.com%2Fsubscriber%2Fopinion2.phtml%3Fcat%3D3%26id%3D1149519985%26subtitle%3DEditorial&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-13"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Stephen Koepp (1997-02-16). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,963555-2,00.html">"The Companies"</A>. Time<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=The+Companies&rft.au=Stephen+Koepp&rft.date=1997-02-16&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C963555-2%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-14"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Firestone Diversified Products</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Robert_Bates_1981._p._68-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Robert_Bates_1981._p._68_15-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Robert_Bates_1981._p._68_15-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Robert Bates. Markets and States in Tropical Africa: University of California Press, 1981. p. 68</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Stopford_1991.2C_p._148-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Stopford_1991.2C_p._148_16-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Stopford_1991.2C_p._148_16-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Stopford, Strange and Henley. Rival States, Rival Firms: Competition for world market shares, Press syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1991, p. 148</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">"Firestone Cutback Likely". <I>The Kingsport Times</I>. <A href="/wiki/Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com" title="Ancestry.com">Ancestry.com #Newspapers.com</A>. 14 August 1974. <SPAN style="font-size:90%; color:#555">(Subscription required (<SPAN title="The site requires a paid subscription to access this page." style="border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help">help</SPAN>))</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Firestone+Cutback+Likely&rft.date=1974-08-14&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Kingsport+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> <SPAN style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</CODE> requires <CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</CODE> (<A href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">"Andretti Dream Threatened". <I>The Los Angeles Times</I>. <A href="/wiki/Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com" title="Ancestry.com">Ancestry.com #Newspapers.com</A>. 30 August 1974. <SPAN style="font-size:90%; color:#555">(Subscription required (<SPAN title="The site requires a paid subscription to access this page." style="border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help">help</SPAN>))</SPAN>. <Q>development, production and service of U.S Auto Club championship and Formula racing cars will be phased out by the end of the 1974 season.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Andretti+Dream+Threatened&rft.date=1974-08-30&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> <SPAN style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</CODE> requires <CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</CODE> (<A href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-chomsky-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-chomsky_19-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Chomsky, Noam (1999). <I>Year 501: the Conquest Continues</I>. South End Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89608-444-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89608-444-2">0-89608-444-2</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.btitle=Year+501%3A+the+Conquest+Continues&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-89608-444-2&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-20"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jags.org/TechInfo/2001/05May01/tires/historyoftires.htm">"History"</A>. Jags.org<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-12-17</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.btitle=History&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Jags.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jags.org%2FTechInfo%2F2001%2F05May01%2Ftires%2Fhistoryoftires.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-21"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,912478-1,00.html">"Forewarnings of Fatal Flaws"</A>. Time. 1979-06-25<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Forewarnings+of+Fatal+Flaws&rft.date=1979-06-25&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C912478-1%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-22"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptimes.com/News/webspecials/firestone/timeline.shtml">"Timeline of key events in the history of Ford and Firestone"</A>. St. Petersburg Times<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Timeline+of+key+events+in+the+history+of+Ford+and+Firestone&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sptimes.com%2FNews%2Fwebspecials%2Ffirestone%2Ftimeline.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Wharton-23"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Wharton_23-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Wharton_23-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=232&CFID=5981763&CFTOKEN=72965973">"Firestone's Second Big Tire Blowout"</A>. Wharton School of University of Pennsylvania. 2000-08-30<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.btitle=Firestone%27s+Second+Big+Tire+Blowout&rft.date=2000-08-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Wharton+School+of+University+of+Pennsylvania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknowledge.wharton.upenn.edu%2Farticle.cfm%3Farticleid%3D232%26CFID%3D5981763%26CFTOKEN%3D72965973&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-24"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-24"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Donald N. Sull (2000-11-27). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/1832.html">"The Dynamics of Standing Still: Firestone Tire & Rubber and the Radial Revolution"</A>. Harvard Business School<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.au=Donald+N.+Sull&rft.btitle=The+Dynamics+of+Standing+Still%3A+Firestone+Tire+%26+Rubber+and+the+Radial+Revolution&rft.date=2000-11-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Harvard+Business+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhbswk.hbs.edu%2Fitem%2F1832.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-25"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-25"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0009/06/se.06.html">"Joint Committees Deliver Opening Statements at Congressional Hearing on Firestone Recall"</A>. CNN. 2000-09-06<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Joint+Committees+Deliver+Opening+Statements+at+Congressional+Hearing+on+Firestone+Recall&rft.date=2000-09-06&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftranscripts.cnn.com%2FTRANSCRIPTS%2F0009%2F06%2Fse.06.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-26"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-26"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Keith Bradsher (2000-09-04). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commondreams.org/headlines/090400-02.htm">"Stricter Rules for Tire Safety Were Scrapped by Reagan"</A>. The New York Times<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Stricter+Rules+for+Tire+Safety+Were+Scrapped+by+Reagan&rft.au=Keith+Bradsher&rft.date=2000-09-04&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commondreams.org%2Fheadlines%2F090400-02.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-27"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-27"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/money/consumer/autos/mauto976.htm">"A bumpy road for the radial-ply tire"</A>. USA Today. 2000-12-26<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=A+bumpy+road+for+the+radial-ply+tire&rft.date=2000-12-26&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fmoney%2Fconsumer%2Fautos%2Fmauto976.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Firestone_and_the_Warlord_-_Intro-28"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Firestone_and_the_Warlord_-_Intro_28-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Firestone_and_the_Warlord_-_Intro_28-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Miller, T. Christian. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.propublica.org/article/firestone-and-the-warlord-intro">"Firestone and the Warlord - Intro"</A>. <I>www.propublica.org</I>. Pro Publica.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Firestone+and+the+Warlord+-+Intro&rft.aufirst=T.+Christian&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.propublica.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.propublica.org%2Farticle%2Ffirestone-and-the-warlord-intro&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-29"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-29"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13732188">"Liberia Profile - Timeline"</A>. BBC - British Broadcasting Company.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Liberia+Profile+-+Timeline&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-13732188&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-30"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-30"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Miller, T. Christian. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.propublica.org/article/firestone-and-the-warlord-chapter-3">"Firestone and the Warlord - Chapter 3"</A>. <I>www.propublica.org</I>. Pro Publica.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Firestone+and+the+Warlord+-+Chapter+3&rft.aufirst=T.+Christian&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.propublica.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.propublica.org%2Farticle%2Ffirestone-and-the-warlord-chapter-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-31"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-31"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Miller, T. Christian. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.propublica.org/article/firestone-and-the-warlord-chapter-4">"Firestone and the Warlord - Chapter 4"</A>. <I>www.propublica.org</I>. Pro Publica.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Firestone+and+the+Warlord+-+Chapter+4&rft.aufirst=T.+Christian&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.propublica.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.propublica.org%2Farticle%2Ffirestone-and-the-warlord-chapter-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-32"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-32"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://firestonenaturalrubber.com/media/faqs/">"Frequently Asked Questions"</A>. <I>firestonenaturalrubber.com</I>. Firestone Natural Rubber.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=firestonenaturalrubber.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffirestonenaturalrubber.com%2Fmedia%2Ffaqs%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-33"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-33"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Fienstein A (2011) The shadow world: Inside the global arms trade. New York, USA: Farrar, Straus and Giroux</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-34"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-34"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firestonenaturalrubber.com/investment-program/investing-in-liberia/">"Investing in Liberia"</A>. <I>firestonenaturalrubber.com</I>. Firestone Natural Rubber.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Investing+in+Liberia&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=firestonenaturalrubber.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firestonenaturalrubber.com%2Finvestment-program%2Finvesting-in-liberia%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Claim_against_Firestone-35"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Claim_against_Firestone_35-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialfunds.com/news/article.cgi/1897.html">"Firestone Claim"</A>. <I>socialfunds.com</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Firestone+Claim&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=socialfunds.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialfunds.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.cgi%2F1897.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-36"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-36"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Miller, T. Christian. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.propublica.org/article/firestone-and-the-warlord-intro">"Firestone and the Warlord"</A>. <I>www.propublica.org</I>. ProPublica.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Firestone+and+the+Warlord&rft.aufirst=T.+Christian&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.propublica.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.propublica.org%2Farticle%2Ffirestone-and-the-warlord-intro&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-37"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-37"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/firestone-and-the-warlord/">"Firestone and the Warlord"</A>. <I>www.pbs.org</I>. PBS Frontline.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Firestone+and+the+Warlord&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pbs.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Ffirestone-and-the-warlord%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-38"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-38"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citizen.org/autosafety/suvsafety/ford_frstone/articles.cfm?ID=5413">"Statement of Joan Claybrook On Firestone Tire Defect and Ford Explorer Rollovers Before the Transportation Subcommittee United States Senate Committee on Appropriations"</A>. Public Citizen. 2000-09-06<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-21</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.btitle=Statement+of+Joan+Claybrook+On+Firestone+Tire+Defect+and+Ford+Explorer+Rollovers+Before+the+Transportation+Subcommittee+United+States+Senate+Committee+on+Appropriations&rft.date=2000-09-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Public+Citizen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizen.org%2Fautosafety%2Fsuvsafety%2Fford_frstone%2Farticles.cfm%3FID%3D5413&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-cnn-39"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-cnn_39-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Isidore, Chris (May 21, 2001). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.cnn.com/2001/05/21/recalls/firestone/">"Firestone severs ties to Ford"</A>. <I>CNN</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.atitle=Firestone+severs+ties+to+Ford&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.aulast=Isidore&rft.date=2001-05-21&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2001%2F05%2F21%2Frecalls%2Ffirestone%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-40"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-40"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tiresafetygroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/RCQPR-01T016-0407.pdf">NHTSA Recall Campaign 01T-016 Q4 Vehicle Safety Recall Quarterly Report Information, January 25, 2008 (Amended March 26, 2009)</A> (from the <A href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</A>)</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-wsbtv.com-41"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-wsbtv.com_41-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-wsbtv.com_41-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsbtv.com/news/news/local/ch-2-investigation-finds-recalled-tires-sale/nbg3G/">Channel 2 Investigation Finds Recalled Tires for Sale, November 4, 2013</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105041726/http://www.wsbtv.com/news/news/local/ch-2-investigation-finds-recalled-tires-sale/nbg3G/">Archived</A> November 5, 2013, at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-42"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-42"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firestone100.com/history/audio.html">"Firestone Jingle"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(QuickTime)</SPAN>. Firestone<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-03-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirestone+Tire+and+Rubber+Company&rft.btitle=Firestone+Jingle&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Firestone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firestone100.com%2Fhistory%2Faudio.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</OL>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Bridgestone_Picnica" title="Bridgestone Picnica">Bridgestone Picnica</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Harvey_Samuel_Firestone" title="Harvey Samuel Firestone">Harvey Samuel Firestone</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Akron_Firestone_Non-Skids" title="Akron Firestone Non-Skids">Akron Firestone Non-Skids</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bridgestone_Arena" title="Bridgestone Arena">Bridgestone Arena</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bridgestone_Museum_of_Art" title="Bridgestone Museum of Art">Bridgestone Museum of Art</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bridgestone_Open" title="Bridgestone Open">Bridgestone Open</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Firestone_and_Ford_tire_controversy" title="Firestone and Ford tire controversy">Firestone and Ford tire controversy</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Firestone_Country_Club" title="Firestone Country Club">Firestone Country Club</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/International_Labor_Rights_Forum_v_Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Co" title="International Labor Rights Forum v Firestone Tire and Rubber Co">International Labor Rights Forum v Firestone Tire and Rubber Co</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/The_Voice_of_Firestone" title="The Voice of Firestone">The Voice of Firestone</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/WGC-Bridgestone_Invitational" title="WGC-Bridgestone Invitational">WGC-Bridgestone Invitational</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">American vehicle<BR />
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<LI><A href="/wiki/North_American_Bus_Industries" title="North American Bus Industries">North American Bus Industries</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Oka_NEV_ZEV" title="Oka NEV ZEV">Oka</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Oshkosh_Corporation" title="Oshkosh Corporation">Oshkosh</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pierce_Manufacturing" title="Pierce Manufacturing">Pierce</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kenworth" title="Kenworth">Kenworth</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peterbilt" title="Peterbilt">Peterbilt</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Panoz,_LLC" title="Panoz, LLC">Panoz</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Phoenix_Motorcars" title="Phoenix Motorcars">Phoenix Motorcars</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Polaris_Industries" title="Polaris Industries">Polaris Industries</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Global_Electric_Motorcars" title="Global Electric Motorcars">Global Electric Motorcars</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Indian_(motorcycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian (motorcycle)">Indian</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Victory_Motorcycles" title="Victory Motorcycles">Victory</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/REV_Group" title="REV Group">REV Group</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Champion_Bus_Incorporated" title="Champion Bus Incorporated">Champion Bus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Collins_Industries" title="Collins Industries">Collins</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/ElDorado_National" title="ElDorado National">ElDorado National</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/E-One" title="E-One">E-One</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Enterprises" title="Fleetwood Enterprises">Fleetwood</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Goshen_Coach" title="Goshen Coach">Goshen Coach</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Holiday_Rambler" title="Holiday Rambler">Holiday Rambler</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Collins_Industries" title="Collins Industries">Laymor</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wheeled_Coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheeled Coach">Wheeled Coach</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Saleen" title="Saleen">Saleen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Carroll_Shelby_International" title="Carroll Shelby International">Shelby American</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/SSC_North_America" title="SSC North America">SSC North America</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Starcraft_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Starcraft Bus">Starcraft Bus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Superformance" title="Superformance">Superformance</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tesla_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla Inc.">Tesla</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Textron_Marine_%26_Land_Systems" title="Textron Marine & Land Systems">Textron Marine & Land Systems</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Trans_Tech" title="Trans Tech">Trans Tech</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/TranStar_Racing" title="TranStar Racing">TranStar Racing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Utilimaster_Corporation" title="Utilimaster Corporation">Ultimaster</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/VIA_Motors" title="VIA Motors">VIA Motors</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Visionary_Vehicles" title="Visionary Vehicles">Visionary Vehicles</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wheego_Electric_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheego Electric Cars">Wheego Electric Cars</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/ZAP_(motor_company)" title="ZAP (motor company)">ZAP</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zimmer_(automobile)" title="Zimmer (automobile)">Zimmer Motorcars</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Foreign vehicle<BR />
manufacturers<BR />
with US operations</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/AB_Volvo_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="AB Volvo USA">AB Volvo USA</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/BMW_US_Manufacturing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW US Manufacturing Company">BMW US Manufacturing Company</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/BYD_Auto" title="BYD Auto">BYD Auto America</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changan_Automobile" title="Changan Automobile">Changan USA</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Daimler_AG" title="Daimler AG">Daimler North America</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Daimler_Trucks_North_America" title="Daimler Trucks North America">Daimler Trucks North America</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Thomas_Built_Buses" title="Thomas Built Buses">Thomas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Freightliner_Trucks" title="Freightliner Trucks">Freightliner</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Western_Star_Trucks" title="Western Star Trucks">Western Star</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/FAW_Group" title="FAW Group">FAW Group USA</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fiat_S.p.A." title="Fiat S.p.A.">Fiat USA</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fuji_Heavy_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuji Heavy Industries">FHI America</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/American_Honda_Motor_Company" title="American Honda Motor Company">Honda of America</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Acura" title="Acura">Acura</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company#Regional_operations" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai USA</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Isuzu_Motors" title="Isuzu Motors">Isuzu America</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kia_Motors#Kia_Motors_America" title="Kia Motors">Kia Motors America</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda America</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors_North_America" title="Mitsubishi Motors North America">Mitsubishi Motors North America</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/New_Flyer_Industries" title="New Flyer Industries">New Flyer Industries</A>(1)
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/New_Flyer_Industries" title="New Flyer Industries">New Flyer</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/North_American_Bus_Industries" title="North American Bus Industries">NABI</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Motor_Coach_Industries" title="Motor Coach Industries">Motor Coach Industries</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nissan_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Nissan USA">Nissan USA</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot USA</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC Motor USA</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki America</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Toyota_Motor_Sales,_U.S.A.,_Inc." title="Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.">Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A.</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lexus" title="Lexus">Lexus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Scion_(automobile)" title="Scion (automobile)">Scion</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_of_America" title="Volkswagen Group of America">Volkswagen Group of America</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wanxiang" title="Wanxiang">Wanxiang America</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Active factories</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/BMW_US_Manufacturing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW US Manufacturing Company">BMW US Manufacturing Company</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Chrysler_factories#Current_factories" title="List of Chrysler factories">Fiat Chrysler factories</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_factories#Current_production_facilities" title="List of Ford factories">Ford factories</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_factories#Current_factories" title="List of General Motors factories">General Motors factories</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Honda_assembly_plants" title="List of Honda assembly plants">Honda of America factories</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Manufacturing_Alabama" title="Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama">Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Kia_design_and_manufacturing_facilities#Kia_Motors_Manufacturing_Georgia_.28KMMG.29" title="List of Kia design and manufacturing facilities">Kia Motors Manufacturing Georgia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_U.S._International" title="Mercedes-Benz U.S. International">Mercedes-Benz U.S. International</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nissan#Manufacturing_locations" title="Nissan">Nissan North America</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Subaru_of_Indiana_Automotive,_Inc." title="Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc.">Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc.</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tesla_Factory" title="Tesla Factory">Tesla Factory</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Toyota_Motor_Engineering_%26_Manufacturing_North_America" title="Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America">Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Chattanooga_Assembly_Plant" title="Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant">Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Components companies</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Allison_Transmission" title="Allison Transmission">Allison</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/BorgWarner" title="BorgWarner">BorgWarner</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc." title="Caterpillar Inc.">Caterpillar</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cummins" title="Cummins">Cummins</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Delphi_Automotive" title="Delphi Automotive">Delphi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel" title="Detroit Diesel">Detroit Diesel</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ingersoll_Rand" title="Ingersoll Rand">Ingersoll Rand</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Eaton_Corporation" title="Eaton Corporation">Eaton</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Firestone</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company">Goodyear</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nexteer_Automotive" title="Nexteer Automotive">Nexteer</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Remy_International" title="Remy International">Remy International</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Timken_Company" title="Timken Company">Timken</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Torrington_Company" title="Torrington Company">Torrington</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Visteon" title="Visteon">Visteon</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Insurance and finance<BR />
companies</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Allstate" title="Allstate">Allstate</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Encompass_Insurance_Company" title="Encompass Insurance Company">Ecompass Insurance</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Esurance" title="Esurance">Esurance</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ally_Financial" title="Ally Financial">Ally Financial</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Erie_Insurance_Group" title="Erie Insurance Group">Erie Insurance Group</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Farmers_Insurance_Group" title="Farmers Insurance Group">Farmers Insurance Group</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/21st_Century_Insurance" title="21st Century Insurance">21st Century Insurance</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Farmers_Insurance_Group" title="Farmers Insurance Group">Farmers Insurance</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/GM_Financial" title="GM Financial">GM Financial</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/GMAC_Insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="GMAC Insurance">GMAC Insurance</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kemper_Direct" title="Kemper Direct">Kemper Direct</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Progressive_Corporation" title="Progressive Corporation">Progressive</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Safe_Auto_Insurance_Company" title="Safe Auto Insurance Company">Safe Auto</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/State_Farm_Insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="State Farm Insurance">State Farm</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Design studios</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Calty_Design_Research" title="Calty Design Research">Calty Design Research</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Designworks" title="Designworks">Designworks</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">By state</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Massachusetts" title="Automotive industry in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Former manufacturers(2)</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Coda_Automotive" title="Coda Automotive">Coda</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/FMC_Corporation" title="FMC Corporation">FMC</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Defunct vehicle<BR />
manufacturers</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Allis-Chalmers" title="Allis-Chalmers">Allis-Chalmers</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/American_Austin_Car_Company" title="American Austin Car Company">American Austin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/American_LaFrance" title="American LaFrance">American LaFrance</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/American_Motors" title="American Motors">American Motors</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hudson_Motor_Car_Company" title="Hudson Motor Car Company">Hudson</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Essex_(automobile)" title="Essex (automobile)">Essex</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Terraplane" title="Terraplane">Terraplane</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nash_Motors" title="Nash Motors">Nash</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rambler_(automobile)" title="Rambler (automobile)">Rambler</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Armor_Holdings" title="Armor Holdings">Armor Holdings</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Armored_Motor_Car_Company" title="Armored Motor Car Company">Armored Motor Car Company</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Auburn_Automobile" title="Auburn Automobile">Auburn Automobile</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Avanti_(car)" title="Avanti (car)">Avanti Motor Corporation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Avery_Company" title="Avery Company">Avery</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Best_Manufacturing_Company" title="Best Manufacturing Company">BMC</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Carbon_Motors_Corporation" title="Carbon Motors Corporation">Carbon Motors Corporation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Checker_Motors_Corporation" title="Checker Motors Corporation">Checker Motors Corporation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(automobile_company)" title="Commonwealth (automobile company)">Commonwealth</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cord_(automobile)" title="Cord (automobile)">Cord</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Case_Corporation" title="Case Corporation">Case</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/CNH_Global" title="CNH Global">CNH Global</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Duesenberg" title="Duesenberg">Duesenberg</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Durant_Motors" title="Durant Motors">Durant</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flint_(automobile)" title="Flint (automobile)">Flint</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Locomobile_Company_of_America" title="Locomobile Company of America">Locomobile</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mason_Truck" title="Mason Truck">Mason</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rugby_(automobile)" title="Rugby (automobile)">Rugby</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Star_(automobile)" title="Star (automobile)">Star</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Excalibur_(automobile)" title="Excalibur (automobile)">Excalibur</A></LI>
<LI>FCA US
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Eagle_(automobile)" title="Eagle (automobile)">Eagle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Plymouth_(automobile)" title="Plymouth (automobile)">Plymouth</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Street_%26_Racing_Technology" title="Street & Racing Technology">Street & Racing Technology (still used as a trim for dodge vehicles)</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fiberfab" title="Fiberfab">Fiberfab</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fitch_Four_Drive" title="Fitch Four Drive">Fitch Four Drive</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fisker_Automotive" title="Fisker Automotive">Fisker Automotive</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fisker_Coachbuild" title="Fisker Coachbuild">Fisker Coachbuild</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Force_Protection_Inc" title="Force Protection Inc">Force Protection</A></LI>
<LI>Ford
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Continental_Mark_II" title="Continental Mark II">Continental</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Edsel" title="Edsel">Edsel</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mercury_(automobile)" title="Mercury (automobile)">Mercury</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI>General Motors
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cartercar" title="Cartercar">Cartercar</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Elmore_(automobile)" title="Elmore (automobile)">Elmore</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/General_Motors_Diesel_Division" title="General Motors Diesel Division">GM Diesel</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Geo_(automobile)" title="Geo (automobile)">Geo</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hummer" title="Hummer">Hummer</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/LaSalle_(automobile)" title="LaSalle (automobile)">LaSalle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Marquette_(automobile)" title="Marquette (automobile)">Marquette</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/McLaughlin_Motor_Car_Company" title="McLaughlin Motor Car Company">McLaughlin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Oakland_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland (automobile)">Oakland</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pontiac" title="Pontiac">Pontiac</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Saturn_Corporation" title="Saturn Corporation">Saturn</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Scripps-Booth" title="Scripps-Booth">Scripps-Booth</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sheridan_(automobile)" title="Sheridan (automobile)">Sheridan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Viking_(automobile)" title="Viking (automobile)">Viking</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yellow_Coach_Manufacturing_Company" title="Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company">Yellow Coach</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Green_Vehicles_Inc." title="Green Vehicles Inc.">Green Vehicles</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Henney_Kilowatt" title="Henney Kilowatt">Henney</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jeffery_(automobile)" title="Jeffery (automobile)">Jeffery</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kaiser-Frazer" title="Kaiser-Frazer">Kaiser-Frazer</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Allstate_(automobile)" title="Allstate (automobile)">Allstate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Frazer_(automobile)" title="Frazer (automobile)">Frazer</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Henry_J" title="Henry J">Henry J</A></LI>
<LI>Kaiser</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Willys" title="Willys">Willys</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Marathon_Motor_Works" title="Marathon Motor Works">Marathon Motor Works</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Marmon_Motor_Car_Company" title="Marmon Motor Car Company">Marmon</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Roosevelt_(automobile)" title="Roosevelt (automobile)">Roosevelt</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Marvel_(automobile)" title="Marvel (automobile)">Marvel Motors</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Matbro" title="Matbro">Matbro</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mercer_(automobile)" title="Mercer (automobile)">Mercer</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Monaco_Coach_Corporation" title="Monaco Coach Corporation">Monaco Coach</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Muntz_Car_Company" title="Muntz Car Company">Muntz Car Company</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Oliver_Farm_Equipment_Company" title="Oliver Farm Equipment Company">Oliver Farm Equipment</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard">Packard</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peerless_Motor_Company" title="Peerless Motor Company">Peerless Motor Company</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company" title="Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company">Pierce-Arrow</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sebring_Vanguard" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebring Vanguard">Sebring Vanguard</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sterling_Trucks" title="Sterling Trucks">Sterling Trucks</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Erskine_(automobile)" title="Erskine (automobile)">Erskine</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rockne" title="Rockne">Rockne</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Stutz_Motor_Company" title="Stutz Motor Company">Stutz</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Motor_Car_Corporation" title="Twentieth Century Motor Car Corporation">Twentieth Century Motor Car Corporation</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Chrysler_factories#Closed_factories" title="List of Chrysler factories">Fiat Chrysler factories closed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_factories#Former_production_facilities" title="List of Ford factories">Ford factories closed</A></LI>
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<LI>(1)Although New Flyer is Canadian, their Subsidiaries, NABI and Motor Coach Industries, are headquartered in the U.S.</LI>
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hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firestone" title="Firestone – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firestone" title="Firestone – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Tire and Rubber Company – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firestone" title="Firestone – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E5%A3%AB%E9%80%9A" title="凡士通 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI>					</UL>
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document_title: Firestone Tire and Rubber Company

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