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<TITLE>Whistleblower Protection Act - Wikipedia</TITLE>

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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Whistleblower Protection Act</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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				<DIV id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><DIV class="mw-parser-output"><DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Act in India, see <A href="/wiki/Whistle_Blowers_Protection_Act,_2011" title="Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011">Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011</A>.</DIV>
<TABLE class="infobox" style="width:22em;width:28.0em">
<CAPTION style="font-size:150%;padding-bottom:0.25em">Whistleblower Protection Act</CAPTION>
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><A href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_(obverse).svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Great Seal of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/140px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png" width="140" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/210px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/280px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Long title</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">An Act to amend title 5, United States Code, to strengthen the protections available to Federal employees against prohibited personnel practices, and for other purposes.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Nicknames</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Enacted by</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">the <A href="/wiki/101st_United_States_Congress" title="101st United States Congress">101st United States Congress</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Effective</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">April 10, 1989</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#bbddff">Citations</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Public law</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-103/pdf/STATUTE-103-Pg16.pdf">101-12</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em"><A href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large"><SPAN class="wrap">Statutes at Large</SPAN></A></TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">103 <A href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislink.org/us/stat-103-16">16</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#bbddff">Codification</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Titles amended</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><A href="/wiki/Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 5 of the United States Code">5 U.S.C.: Government Organization and Employees</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">U.S.C. sections amended</TH>
<TD style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><A href="/wiki/Title_5_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 5 of the United States Code">5 U.S.C.</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-II/chapter-12">ch. 12</A> § 1201 et seq.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#bbddff"><SPAN class="nourlexpansion"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d101:SN00020:@@@R">Legislative history</A></SPAN></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">
<DIV>
<UL style="line-height:1.3em;text-align:left">
<LI><B>Introduced in the Senate</B> <B>as</B> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/101st-congress/senate-bill/20">S. 20</A> <B>by</B> <A href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Carl Levin</A> (<A href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</A>–<A href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">MI</A>) <B>on</B> January 25, 1989</LI>
<LI><B>Passed the Senate on</B> March 16, 1989 (97-0, <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=101&session=1&vote=00024">Roll call vote 24</A>, via Senate.gov)</LI>
<LI><B>Passed the House on</B> March 21, 1989 (Agreed voice vote)</LI>
<LI><B>Signed into law by President</B> <A href="/wiki/George_H.W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="George H.W. Bush">George H.W. Bush</A> <B>on</B> April 10, 1989</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>The <B>Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989</B>, Pub.L. 101-12 as amended, is a United States federal law that protects federal <A href="/wiki/Whistleblowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblowers">whistleblowers</A> who work for the government and report agency misconduct. A federal agency violates the Whistleblower Protection Act if agency authorities take (or threaten to take) retaliatory personnel action against any employee or applicant because of disclosure of information by that employee or applicant. Whistleblowers<SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP> may file complaints that they believe reasonably evidences a violation of a law, rule or regulation; gross mismanagement; gross waste of funds; an abuse of authority; or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety.</P>
<P></P>
<DIV id="toc" class="toc">
<DIV class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Authorized_Federal_Agencies"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Authorized Federal Agencies</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#Legal_Cases"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Legal Cases</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><A href="#Whistleblower_Protection_Enhancement_Act_and_Presidential_Policy_Directive_19"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act and Presidential Policy Directive 19</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><A href="#Related_legislation"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Related legislation</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<P></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Authorized_Federal_Agencies">Authorized Federal Agencies</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Whistleblower_Protection_Act&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Authorized Federal Agencies">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>The <A href="/wiki/Office_of_Special_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Special Counsel">Office of Special Counsel</A> investigates federal whistleblower complaints. In October 2008, then-special counsel <A href="/wiki/Scott_Bloch" title="Scott Bloch">Scott Bloch</A> resigned amid an <A href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</A> investigation into whether he obstructed justice by illegally deleting computer files following complaints that he had retaliated against employees who disagreed with his policies. Then-Senator <A href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</A> made a campaign vow to appoint a special counsel committed to whistleblower rights. It was not until April 2011 that President Obama's appointee <A href="/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_Lerner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolyn Lerner (page does not exist)">Carolyn Lerner</A> was confirmed by the Senate. Today, the primary mission of OSC is to safeguard the merit system by protecting federal employees and applicants from prohibited personnel practices, especially reprisal for whistleblowing.</LI>
<LI>The <A href="/wiki/Merit_Systems_Protection_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Merit Systems Protection Board">Merit Systems Protection Board</A>, a quasi-judicial agency that adjudicates whistleblower complaints, uses appointed administrative law judges who often back the government. Since 2000, the board has ruled for whistleblowers just three times in 56 cases decided on their merits, according to a <A href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Project" title="Government Accountability Project">Government Accountability Project</A> analysis. Obama appointed a new chairperson and vice chairperson with backgrounds as federal worker advocates, but <A href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Devine" title="Thomas M. Devine">Tom Devine</A> of GAP says, "It's likely to take years for them to turn things around." Currently, this office works to protect the Merit System Principles and promote an effective Federal workforce free of Prohibited Personnel Practices.</LI>
<LI>The <A href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Federal_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit">Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit</A> was established under Article III of the Constitution on October 1, 1982. It is the only court empowered to hear appeals of whistleblower cases decided by the merit board, has been criticized by <A href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Senator Grassley</A> (R-Iowa) and others in Congress for misinterpreting whistleblower laws and setting a precedent that is hostile to claimants. Between 1994 and 2010, the court had ruled for whistleblowers in only three of 203 cases decided on their merits, GAP's analysis found.<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Legal_Cases">Legal Cases</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Whistleblower_Protection_Act&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legal Cases">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</A>, in the case of <A href="/wiki/Garcetti_v._Ceballos" title="Garcetti v. Ceballos">Garcetti v. Ceballos</A>, 04-473, ruled in 2006 that <A href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">government employees</A> do not have protection from retaliation by their employers under the <A href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</A> of the Constitution when they speak pursuant to their official job duties.<SUP id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-3">[3]</A></SUP> The U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) uses agency lawyers in the place of <A href="/wiki/Administrative_law_judges" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative law judges">administrative law judges</A> to decide federal employees' whistleblower appeals. These lawyers, dubbed "attorney examiners," deny 98% of whistleblower appeals; the Board and the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals give great deference to their initial decisions, resulting in affirmance rates of 97% and 98%, respectively.<SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP> The most common characteristics for a court claim that are encompassed within the protection of the Act include: that the plaintiff is an employee or person covered under the specific statutory or common law relied upon for action, that the defendant is an employer or person covered under the specific statutory or common law relied upon for the action, that the plaintiff engaged in protected whistleblower activity, that the defendant knew or had knowledge that the plaintiff engaged in such activity, that there was retaliatory action taken against the one doing the whistleblowing and that the unfair treatment would not have occurred if the plaintiff hadn't brought to attention the activities.<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Robert_MacLean" title="Robert MacLean">Robert MacLean</A> blew the whistle on the fact that the <A href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">TSA</A> had cut its funding for more <A href="/wiki/Sky_marshal" title="Sky marshal">air marshals</A>. In 2009 MacLean, represented by the Government Accountability Project, challenged his dismissal at the Merit Systems Protection Board, on the grounds that "his disclosure of the text message was protected under the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989, because he 'reasonably believe[d]' that the leaked information disclosed 'a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety'." MacLean won the case in a ruling of 7–2 in the Supreme Court in January 2015.<SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Whistleblower_Protection_Enhancement_Act_and_Presidential_Policy_Directive_19">Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act and Presidential Policy Directive 19</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Whistleblower_Protection_Act&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act and Presidential Policy Directive 19">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>President <A href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</A> issued Presidential Policy Directive 19 (PPD-19), entitled "Protecting Whistleblowers with Access to Classified Information". According to the law signed by Obama on October 10, 2012, it is written that "this Presidential Policy Directive ensures that employees (1) serving in the Intelligence Community or (2) who are eligible for access to classified information can effectively report waste, fraud, and abuse while protecting classified national security information. It prohibits retaliation against employees for reporting waste, fraud, and abuse.<SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP></P>
<P>However, according to a report that the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs submitted to accompany S. 743, "the federal whistleblowers have seen their protections diminish in recent years, largely as a result of a series of decisions by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which has exclusive jurisdiction over many cases brought under the Whistleblower Protection Act (WPA). Specifically, the Federal Circuit has wrongly accorded a narrow definition to the type of disclosure that qualifies for whistleblower protection. Additionally, the lack of remedies under current law for most whistleblowers in the intelligence community and for whistleblowers who face retaliation in the form of withdrawal of the employee's security clearance leaves unprotected those who are in a position to disclose wrongdoing that directly affects our national security."<SUP id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-8">[8]</A></SUP> S. 743 would address these problems by restoring the original congressional intent of the WPA to adequately protect whistleblowers, by strengthening the WPA, and by creating new whistleblower protections for intelligence employees and new protections for employees whose security clearance is withdrawn in retaliation for having made legitimate whistleblower disclosures.<SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP> S. 743 ultimately became Pub.L. 112-199 (S.Rep. 112-155).</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Related_legislation">Related legislation</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Whistleblower_Protection_Act&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Related legislation">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<TABLE class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD class="mbox-image">
<DIV style="width:52px"><IMG alt="Ambox current red.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" width="42" height="34" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></DIV>
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<TD class="mbox-text">
<DIV class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <B>updated</B>. <SPAN class="hide-when-compact">Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</SPAN> <SMALL><I>(January 2017)</I></SMALL></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>On July 14, 2014, the <A href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</A> voted to pass the <A href="/wiki/All_Circuit_Review_Extension_Act_(H.R._4197;_113th_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="All Circuit Review Extension Act (H.R. 4197; 113th Congress)">All Circuit Review Extension Act (H.R. 4197; 113th Congress)</A>, a bill that gives authority to federal employees who want to appeal their judgment to any federal court, and which allows whistleblowers to appeal to any U.S. Court of Appeals that has jurisdiction. The bill would extend from three years after the effective date of the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012 (i.e., December 27, 2012), the period allowed for: (1) filing a petition for judicial review of <A href="/wiki/Merit_Systems_Protection_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Merit Systems Protection Board">Merit Systems Protection Board</A> decisions in <A href="/wiki/Whistleblower" title="Whistleblower">whistleblower</A> cases, and (2) any review of such a decision by the Director of the <A href="/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Personnel Management">Office of Personnel Management</A> (OPM).<SUP id="cite_ref-4197sum_10-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4197sum-10">[10]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-4197allactions_11-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4197allactions-11">[11]</A></SUP></P>
<P>There is also a bill in its early stages called the FBI Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><SPAN title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2017)">when?</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP> This bill was introduced by Senators Grassley and Leahy in 2015. It would protect whistleblowers in the <A href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</A> more completely from reprisals by supervisors, by assigning administrative law judges to adjudicate the cases, and enabling FBI employees to appeal their decisions to the courts. <SUP id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-12">[12]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-13">[13]</A></SUP> This bill is still in the process of possibly getting passed and has individuals cosponsoring it in March 2016.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Whistleblower_Protection_Act&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Whistleblower_protection_in_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblower protection in United States">Whistleblower protection in United States</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/False_Claims_Act" title="False Claims Act">False Claims Act</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Federal_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal crime">Federal crime</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Immunity_from_prosecution" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunity from prosecution">Immunity from prosecution</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Informant" title="Informant">Informant</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_whistleblowers" title="List of whistleblowers">List of whistleblowers</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qui_tam" title="Qui tam">Qui tam</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Testimony" title="Testimony">Testimony</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Turn_state%27s_evidence" title="Turn state's evidence">Turn state's evidence</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/White_collar_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="White collar crime">White collar crime</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Witness" title="Witness">Witness</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Witness_intimidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Witness intimidation">Witness intimidation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_Federal_Witness_Protection_Program" title="United States Federal Witness Protection Program">United States Federal Witness Protection Program</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">United States Marshals Service</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Whistleblower_Protection_Act&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-103/pdf/STATUTE-103-Pg16.pdf">Public Law 101-12 (1989)</A> at gpo.gov</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Peter Eisler (2010-03-15). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2010-03-14-whistleblowers_N.htm">"Whistleblowers"</A>. <I>USA TODAY</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=Whistleblowers&rft.date=2010-03-15&rft.au=Peter+Eisler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fwashington%2F2010-03-14-whistleblowers_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhistleblower+Protection+Act" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-3"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2006/05/30/national/w132119D75.DTL&type=politics">High Court Trims Whistleblower Rights</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">McCarthy, Robert J.<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wm.edu/as/publicpolicy/wm_policy_review/Archives/Volume%203/McCarthy.pdf">"Blowing in the Wind: Answers for Federal Whistleblowers"</A>. <I>William & Mary Policy Review</I> 3:184 (2012).</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whistleblowers.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=34&Itemid=63">"Know Your Rights FAQ"</A>. <A href="/wiki/National_Whistleblowers_Center" title="National Whistleblowers Center">National Whistleblowers Center</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 27,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Know+Your+Rights+FAQ&rft.pub=National+Whistleblowers+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whistleblowers.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D34%26Itemid%3D63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhistleblower+Protection+Act" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://couragefound.org/2014/11/whistleblower-protection-case-reaches-us-supreme-court/">"Whistleblower protection case reaches US Supreme Court"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Courage_Foundation" title="Courage Foundation">Courage Foundation</A>. November 7, 2014<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 27,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whistleblower+protection+case+reaches+US+Supreme+Court&rft.pub=Courage+Foundation&rft.date=2014-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcouragefound.org%2F2014%2F11%2Fwhistleblower-protection-case-reaches-us-supreme-court%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhistleblower+Protection+Act" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/image/ppd-19.pdf">https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/image/ppd-19.pdf</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-8"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CRPT-112srpt155/pdf/CRPT-112srpt155.pdf">WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 2012 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS, UNITED STATES SENATE TO ACCOMPANY S. 743</A>. April 19, 2012</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CRPT-112srpt155/pdf/CRPT-112srpt155.pdf">https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CRPT-112srpt155/pdf/CRPT-112srpt155.pdf</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4197sum-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4197sum_10-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/4197">"H.R. 4197 - Summary"</A>. United States Congress<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 15,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H.R.+4197+-+Summary&rft.pub=United+States+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeta.congress.gov%2Fbill%2F113th-congress%2Fhouse-bill%2F4197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhistleblower+Protection+Act" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4197allactions-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4197allactions_11-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/4197/all-actions">"H.R. 4197 - All Actions"</A>. United States Congress<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 15,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H.R.+4197+-+All+Actions&rft.pub=United+States+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeta.congress.gov%2Fbill%2F113th-congress%2Fhouse-bill%2F4197%2Fall-actions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhistleblower+Protection+Act" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-12"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Joe Davidson. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/federal-eye/wp/2016/02/02/fbi-whistleblower-suffers-retaliation-new-bill-could-help-others/">How FBI blocks whistleblower fighting dismissal; new bill could help others</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</A></I> 2 Feb 2016.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-13"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grassley.senate.gov/news/news-releases/grassley-leahy-bill-improves-disclosure-review-process-fbi-whistleblowers">Grassley-Leahy Bill Improves Disclosure & Review Process for FBI Whistleblowers</A>. Website of Senator Grassley. Dec 10, 2015</SPAN></LI>
</OL>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Whistleblower_Protection_Act&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/eeoinfo/whistleblowers.htm">"Whistleblower Protection Act Information."</A> <I>U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</I>. January 30, 2004. Retrieved May 3, 2007</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meritsystemprotectionboard.com/osc11.pdf">OSC Form 11 for filing a whistleblower retaliation complaint.</A></LI>
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document_title: Whistleblower Protection Act

token: Whistleblower

token: Protection

token: Act

token: Wikipedia

token: Jump

token: to

token: navigation

token: search

token: For

token: the

token: in

token: India

token: see

token: Whistle

token: Blowers

token: <Table>

token: <Tr>

token: <Th>

token: Long

token: title

token: An

token: amend

token: United

token: States

token: Code

token: strengthen

token: protections

token: available

token: Federal

token: employees

token: against

token: prohibited

token: personnel

token: practices

token: and

token: for

token: other

token: purposes

token: Nicknames

token: of

token: Enacted

token: by

token: Congress

token: Effective

token: April

token: <Th colspan="2">

token: Citations

token: Public

token: law

token: Statutes

token: at

token: Large

token: Stat.

token: Codification

token: Titles

question_text: the primary reason for the creation of federal whistleblower statutes was to