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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Adobe Flash</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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				<DIV id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><DIV class="mw-parser-output"><DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the application/animation-maker, see <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Animate" title="Adobe Animate">Adobe Animate</A>.</DIV>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Adobe Flash (disambiguation)">Adobe Flash (disambiguation)</A>.</DIV>
<TABLE class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em">
<CAPTION class="summary">Adobe Flash</CAPTION>
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><A href="/wiki/File:Adobe_Flash_Player_v11_icon.png" class="image"><IMG alt="Adobe Flash Player v11 icon.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Adobe_Flash_Player_v11_icon.png/70px-Adobe_Flash_Player_v11_icon.png" width="70" height="70" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Adobe_Flash_Player_v11_icon.png/105px-Adobe_Flash_Player_v11_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Adobe_Flash_Player_v11_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></A></TD>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Software_developer" title="Software developer">Developer(s)</A></TH>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Macromedia" title="Macromedia">Macromedia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/FutureWave_Software" title="FutureWave Software">FutureWave</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Target platform(s)</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browsers</A>, <A href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</A>, <A href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</A>, <A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</A>, <A href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</A></TD>
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<TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Editing_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Editing software">Editor software</A></TH>
<TD>
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<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Animate" title="Adobe Animate">Adobe Animate</A>,</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Builder" title="Adobe Flash Builder">Flash Builder</A>,</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/FlashDevelop" title="FlashDevelop">FlashDevelop</A>,</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Powerflasher_FDT" title="Powerflasher FDT">Powerflasher FDT</A>,</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flash_Catalyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash Catalyst">Flash Catalyst</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Scaleform" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaleform">Scaleform</A></LI>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Runtime_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Runtime environment">Player software</A></TH>
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<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player" title="Adobe Flash Player">Flash Player</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_AIR" title="Adobe AIR">Adobe AIR</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/OpenFL" title="OpenFL">OpenFL</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Scaleform_GFx" title="Scaleform GFx">Scaleform</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gnash_(software)" title="Gnash (software)">Gnash</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lightspark" title="Lightspark">Lightspark</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Format(s)</TH>
<TD>
<DIV class="hlist hlist-separated">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flash_Video" title="Flash Video">FLV</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/SWF#Related_file_formats_and_extensions" title="SWF">FLA</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming language(s)</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Application(s)</TH>
<TD>
<DIV class="plainlist">
<UL>
<LI style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Flash_animation" title="Flash animation">Animation</A></LI>
<LI style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Browser_game" title="Browser game">Browser games</A></LI>
<LI style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Rich_Internet_application" title="Rich Internet application">Rich Internet applications</A></LI>
<LI style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">Desktop applications</A></LI>
<LI style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Mobile_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile application">Mobile apps</A></LI>
<LI style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Mobile games</A></LI>
<LI style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Console_game" title="Console game">console games</A></LI>
<LI style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Computer_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer game">computer games</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Status</TH>
<TD>Active (Until 2020)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">License</TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</A></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><B>Adobe Flash</B> is a <A href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</A> <A href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">software platform</A> used for production of <A href="/wiki/Flash_animations" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash animations">animations</A>, <A href="/wiki/Rich_Internet_application" title="Rich Internet application">rich Internet applications</A>, <A href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">desktop applications</A>, <A href="/wiki/Mobile_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile application">mobile applications</A>, <A href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">mobile games</A> and embedded web browser video players. Flash displays text, <A href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector graphics</A> and <A href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">raster graphics</A> to provide animations, video games and applications. It allows streaming of <A href="/wiki/Flash_Video" title="Flash Video">audio and video</A>, and can capture mouse, keyboard, microphone and camera input.</P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Digital_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital artist">Artists</A> may produce Flash graphics and animations using <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Animate" title="Adobe Animate">Adobe Animate</A>. <A href="/wiki/Software_developer" title="Software developer">Software developers</A> may produce applications and video games using <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Builder" title="Adobe Flash Builder">Adobe Flash Builder</A>, <A href="/wiki/FlashDevelop" title="FlashDevelop">FlashDevelop</A>, <A href="/wiki/Flash_Catalyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash Catalyst">Flash Catalyst</A>, or any text editor when used with the <A href="/wiki/Apache_Flex" title="Apache Flex">Apache Flex</A> SDK.</P>
<P>End-users can view Flash content via <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player" title="Adobe Flash Player">Flash Player</A> (for web browsers), <A href="/wiki/Adobe_AIR" title="Adobe AIR">AIR</A> (for desktop or <A href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile apps</A>) or third-party players such as <A href="/wiki/Scaleform" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaleform">Scaleform</A> (for video games). Adobe Flash Player (supported on <A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</A>, <A href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</A> and <A href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</A>) enables end-users to view Flash content using <A href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</A>. <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Lite" title="Adobe Flash Lite">Adobe Flash Lite</A> enabled viewing Flash content on older <A href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</A>, but has been discontinued and superseded by Adobe AIR.</P>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</A> programming language allows the development of interactive animations, video games, web applications, desktop applications and mobile applications. Programmers can implement Flash software using an IDE such as Adobe Animate, Adobe Flash Builder, <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Director" title="Adobe Director">Adobe Director</A>, FlashDevelop and <A href="/wiki/Powerflasher_FDT" title="Powerflasher FDT">Powerflasher FDT</A>. Adobe AIR enables full-featured desktop and mobile applications to be developed with Flash and published for <A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</A>, <A href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</A>, <A href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</A>, <A href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</A>, <A href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</A>, <A href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</A>, and Nintendo <A href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</A> and <A href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Switch</A>.</P>
<P>Although Flash was previously a dominant platform for online multimedia content, it is slowly being abandoned as Adobe favors a transition to <A href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</A>. Flash Player has been deprecated and has an official end-of-life by 2020.<SUP id="cite_ref-Adobe_Flash_EOL_1-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Adobe_Flash_EOL-1">[1]</A></SUP> However, Adobe will continue to develop Adobe AIR, a technology for building applications and games with Flash.<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/OpenFL" title="OpenFL">OpenFL</A>, an open-source implementation of the Flash Player is also actively developed.</P>
<P></P>
<DIV id="toc" class="toc">
<DIV class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">
<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Applications"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Applications</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><A href="#Websites"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Websites</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><A href="#RIAs"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">RIAs</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><A href="#Video_games"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Video games</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><A href="#Film_and_animation"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Film and animation</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><A href="#History"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">History</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><A href="#FutureWave"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">FutureWave</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><A href="#Macromedia"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Macromedia</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><A href="#Adobe"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Adobe</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><A href="#Open_Screen_Project"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Open Screen Project</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><A href="#End_of_life"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">End of life</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><A href="#Format"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Format</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><A href="#FLA"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">FLA</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><A href="#SWF"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">SWF</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><A href="#3D"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">3D</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><A href="#Flash_Video"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Flash Video</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><A href="#Flash_Audio"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Flash Audio</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><A href="#Scripting_language"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Scripting language</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><A href="#Specifications"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Specifications</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><A href="#Animation_tools"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Animation tools</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><A href="#Official_tools"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Official tools</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><A href="#Third-party_tools"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Third-party tools</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><A href="#Programming_tools"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Programming tools</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><A href="#Official_tools_2"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Official tools</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><A href="#Third-party_tools_2"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Third-party tools</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><A href="#Players"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Players</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><A href="#Proprietary"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Proprietary</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><A href="#Open_source"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Open source</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><A href="#Availability"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Availability</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><A href="#Desktop_computers"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Desktop computers</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><A href="#Flash_Player"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Flash Player</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><A href="#Adobe_AIR"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.1.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Adobe AIR</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><A href="#Mobile_devices"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Mobile devices</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><A href="#Flash_Player_2"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Flash Player</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><A href="#Adobe_AIR_2"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.2.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Adobe AIR</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><A href="#Portable_electronic_devices"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Portable electronic devices</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><A href="#Alternatives"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Alternatives</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><A href="#OpenFL"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">OpenFL</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><A href="#HTML5"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">HTML5</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><A href="#Flash_to_HTML5"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Flash to HTML5</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><A href="#Criticisms"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Criticisms</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><A href="#Mobile_support"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Mobile support</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><A href="#Vendor_dependence"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Vendor dependence</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><A href="#Accessibility"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Accessibility</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><A href="#Flash_blocking_in_web_browsers"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Flash blocking in web browsers</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><A href="#Security"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9.5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Security</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><A href="#Flash_cookies"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9.6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Flash cookies</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-49"><A href="#Footnotes"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Footnotes</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">12</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">13</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<P></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Applications">Applications</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Applications">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Websites">Websites</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Websites">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>In the early 2000s, Flash was widely installed on <A href="/wiki/Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">desktop computers</A>, and was commonly used to display interactive <A href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web pages</A>, <A href="/wiki/Online_game" title="Online game">online games</A>, and to playback video and audio content.<SUP id="cite_ref-lifedeath_3-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-lifedeath-3">[3]</A></SUP> In 2005, <A href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</A> was founded by former PayPal employees, and it used Flash Player as a means to display compressed video content on the web.<SUP id="cite_ref-lifedeath_3-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-lifedeath-3">[3]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Between 2000 and 2010, numerous businesses used Flash-based websites to launch new products, or to create interactive company portals.<SUP id="cite_ref-smash50_4-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-smash50-4">[4]</A></SUP> Notable users include <A href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</A>, <A href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</A>, <A href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</A>, <A href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</A>, <A href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wildlife Fund</A>, <A href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</A>, <A href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network" title="Cartoon Network">Cartoon Network</A> and <A href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-smash50_4-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-smash50-4">[4]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP> After Adobe introduced hardware-accelerated 3D for Flash (<A href="/wiki/Stage3D" title="Stage3D">Stage3D</A>), Flash websites saw a growth of 3D content for product demonstrations and virtual tours.<SUP id="cite_ref-smash3d_6-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-smash3d-6">[6]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 2007, YouTube offered videos in HTML5 format to support the <A href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</A> and <A href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</A>, which did not support Flash Player.<SUP id="cite_ref-lifedeath_3-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-lifedeath-3">[3]</A></SUP> After a <A href="/wiki/Apple_and_Adobe_Flash_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and Adobe Flash controversy">controversy with Apple</A>, Adobe stopped developing Flash Player for Mobile, focussing its efforts on Adobe AIR applications and HTML5 animation.<SUP id="cite_ref-lifedeath_3-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-lifedeath-3">[3]</A></SUP> In 2015, <A href="/wiki/Google_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Google Inc.">Google</A> introduced <A href="/wiki/Google_Swiffy" title="Google Swiffy">Google Swiffy</A> to convert Flash animation to HTML5, a tool Google would use to automatically convert Flash web ads for mobile devices.<SUP id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-8">[8]</A></SUP> In 2015, YouTube switched to HTML5 technology on all devices, however it will preserve the Flash-based video player for older web browsers.<SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-11">[11]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="RIAs">RIAs</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: RIAs">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>After Flash 5 introduced ActionScript in 2000, developers combined the visual and programming capabilities of Flash to produce interactive experiences and applications for the Web.<SUP id="cite_ref-flex3dummies_12-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-flex3dummies-12">[12]</A></SUP> Such Web-based applications eventually came to be known as "Rich Internet Applications" (RIAs).<SUP id="cite_ref-flex3dummies_12-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-flex3dummies-12">[12]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 2004, Macromedia Flex was released, and specifically targeted the application development market.<SUP id="cite_ref-flex3dummies_12-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-flex3dummies-12">[12]</A></SUP> Flex introduced new <A href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</A> components, advanced <A href="/wiki/Data_visualization" title="Data visualization">data visualization</A> components, data remoting, and a modern IDE (Flash Builder).<SUP id="cite_ref-flex3dummies_12-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-flex3dummies-12">[12]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-dvfb_13-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-dvfb-13">[13]</A></SUP> Flex competed with <A href="/wiki/Ajax_(programming)" title="Ajax (programming)">Asynchronous JavaScript and XML</A> (AJAX) and <A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Microsoft Silverlight</A> during its tenure.<SUP id="cite_ref-flex3dummies_12-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-flex3dummies-12">[12]</A></SUP> Flex was upgraded to support integration with remote data sources, using <A href="/wiki/Action_Message_Format" title="Action Message Format">AMF</A>, <A href="/wiki/BlazeDS" title="BlazeDS">BlazeDS</A>, <A href="/wiki/Adobe_LiveCycle" title="Adobe LiveCycle">Adobe LiveCycle</A>, <A href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloud" title="Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud">Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud</A>, and others.<SUP id="cite_ref-enterpriseflex_14-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-enterpriseflex-14">[14]</A></SUP> As of 2015, Flex applications can be published for desktop platforms using Adobe AIR.<SUP id="cite_ref-flex3dummies_12-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-flex3dummies-12">[12]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Between 2006 and 2016, the <A href="/wiki/Speedtest.net" title="Speedtest.net">Speedtest.net</A> web service conducted over 9.0 billion speed tests using an RIA built with Adobe Flash.<SUP id="cite_ref-test_15-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-test-15">[15]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-16">[16]</A></SUP> In 2016, the service shifted to HTML5 due to the decreasing availability of Adobe Flash Player on PCs.<SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[17]</A></SUP></P>
<P>As of 2016, <A href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">Web applications</A> and RIAs can be developed with Flash using the ActionScript 3.0 programming language and related tools such as Adobe Flash Builder. Third-party <A href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDEs</A> such as FlashDevelop and <A href="/wiki/Powerflasher_FDT" title="Powerflasher FDT">Powerflasher FDT</A> also enable developers to create Flash games and applications, and are generally similar to <A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Microsoft Visual Studio</A>. Flex applications are typically built using <A href="/wiki/List_of_Flex_frameworks" title="List of Flex frameworks">Flex frameworks</A> such as <A href="/wiki/PureMVC" title="PureMVC">PureMVC</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-enterpriseflex_14-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-enterpriseflex-14">[14]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Video_games">Video games</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Video games">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
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<DIV class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left;text-align:left;background-color:transparent">Screenshots and footage of Flash games <I>QWOP</I>, <I>Solipskier</I>, and <I>Hundreds</I></DIV>
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<P><A href="/wiki/Browser_game" title="Browser game">Flash video games</A> were popular on the Internet, with portals like <A href="/wiki/Newgrounds" title="Newgrounds">Newgrounds</A> dedicated to hosting of Flash-based games. Popular games developed with Flash include <I><A href="/wiki/Angry_Birds" title="Angry Birds">Angry Birds</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Clash_of_Clans" title="Clash of Clans">Clash of Clans</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/FarmVille" title="FarmVille">FarmVille</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/AdventureQuest" title="AdventureQuest">AdventureQuest</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Machinarium" title="Machinarium">Machinarium</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Hundreds_(video_game)" title="Hundreds (video game)">Hundreds</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/N_(video_game)" title="N (video game)">N</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/QWOP" title="QWOP">QWOP</A></I> and <I><A href="/wiki/Solipskier" title="Solipskier">Solipskier</A></I>.</P>
<P>Adobe introduced various technologies to help build video games, including Adobe AIR (to release games for desktop or mobile platforms), <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Scout" title="Adobe Scout">Adobe Scout</A> (to improve performance), <A href="/wiki/CrossBridge" title="CrossBridge">CrossBridge</A> (to convert C++-based games to run in Flash), and <A href="/wiki/Stage3D" title="Stage3D">Stage3D</A> (to support GPU-accelerated video games). 3D frameworks like <A href="/wiki/Away3D" title="Away3D">Away3D</A> and <A href="/wiki/Flare3D" title="Flare3D">Flare3D</A> simplified creation of 3D content for Flash.</P>
<P>Adobe AIR allows creation of Flash-based <A href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">mobile games</A>, which may be published to the <A href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play</A> and <A href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</A> app stores.</P>
<P>Flash is also used to build interfaces and HUDs for 3D video games using <A href="/wiki/Scaleform_GFx" title="Scaleform GFx">Scaleform GFx</A>, a technology that renders Flash content within non-Flash video games. Scaleform is supported by more than 10 major video game engines including <A href="/wiki/Unreal_Engine" title="Unreal Engine">Unreal Engine</A>, <A href="/wiki/Unreal_Development_Kit" class="mw-redirect" title="Unreal Development Kit">UDK</A>, <A href="/wiki/CryEngine_3" class="mw-redirect" title="CryEngine 3">CryEngine</A> and <A href="/wiki/PhyreEngine" title="PhyreEngine">PhyreEngine</A>, and has been used to provide 3D interfaces for more than <A href="/wiki/List_of_games_using_Scaleform" title="List of games using Scaleform">150 major video game titles</A> since its launch in 2003.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Film_and_animation">Film and animation</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Film and animation">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <A href="/wiki/List_of_Flash_animated_films" title="List of Flash animated films">List of Flash animated films</A> and <A href="/wiki/List_of_Flash_animated_television_series" title="List of Flash animated television series">List of Flash animated television series</A></DIV>
<P>Adobe Animate is one of the common animation programs for low-cost 2D television and commercial animation, in competition with <A href="/wiki/Anime_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Anime Studio">Anime Studio</A> and <A href="/wiki/Toon_Boom_Animation" title="Toon Boom Animation">Toon Boom Animation</A>.</P>
<P>Notable users of Flash include <A href="/wiki/DHX_Media_Vancouver" class="mw-redirect" title="DHX Media Vancouver">DHX Media Vancouver</A> for productions including <I><A href="/wiki/Pound_Puppies_(2010_TV_series)" title="Pound Puppies (2010 TV series)">Pound Puppies</A></I> and <I><A href="/wiki/My_Little_Pony:_Friendship_Is_Magic" title="My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic">My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic</A></I>, <A href="/wiki/Fresh_TV" title="Fresh TV">Fresh TV</A> for <A href="/wiki/Total_Drama" title="Total Drama">Total Drama</A>, <A href="/wiki/Nelvana" title="Nelvana">Nelvana</A> for <I><A href="/wiki/6teen" title="6teen">6teen</A></I> and <I><A href="/wiki/Clone_High" title="Clone High">Clone High</A></I>, <A href="/wiki/Williams_Street" title="Williams Street">Williams Street</A> for <I><A href="/wiki/Metalocalypse" title="Metalocalypse">Metalocalypse</A></I> and <I><A href="/wiki/Squidbillies" title="Squidbillies">Squidbillies</A></I>, <A href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Animation_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickelodeon Animation Studios">Nickelodeon Animation Studios</A> for <I><A href="/wiki/Wow!_Wow!_Wubbzy!" title="Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!">Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!</A></I> <I><A href="/wiki/El_Tigre:_The_Adventures_of_Manny_Rivera" title="El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera">El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Danny_Phantom" title="Danny Phantom">Danny Phantom</A></I>, and more.</P>
<P>Flash is less commonly used for feature-length animated films; however, 2009's <I><A href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_Kells" title="The Secret of Kells">The Secret of Kells</A></I>, an Irish film, was animated primarily in Adobe Flash, and was nominated for an <A href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Feature" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Feature">Academy Award for Best Animated Feature</A> at the <A href="/wiki/82nd_Academy_Awards" title="82nd Academy Awards">82nd Academy Awards</A>.</P>
<P>Several popular online series are currently produced in Flash, such as the <A href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</A>-winning <I><A href="/wiki/Mike_%26_Mike" title="Mike & Mike">Off-Mikes</A></I>, produced by <A href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</A> and <A href="/wiki/Animax_Entertainment" title="Animax Entertainment">Animax Entertainment</A>; <I><A href="/wiki/Happy_Tree_Friends" title="Happy Tree Friends">Happy Tree Friends</A></I>; <I><A href="/wiki/Gotham_Girls" title="Gotham Girls">Gotham Girls</A></I>, produced by <A href="/wiki/Warner_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Brothers">Warner Brothers</A>; <I><A href="/wiki/Crime_Time" title="Crime Time">Crime Time</A></I>, produced by <A href="/wiki/Future_Thought_Productions" title="Future Thought Productions">Future Thought Productions</A> and <I><A href="/wiki/Homestar_Runner" title="Homestar Runner">Homestar Runner</A></I> produced by <A href="/wiki/The_Brothers_Chaps" title="The Brothers Chaps">Mike and Matt Chapman</A>.</P>
<P><A href="#Third-party_tools">Various third-party software packages</A> designed for traditionally trained cartoonists and animators can publish animations in the <A href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</A> format.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="History">History</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="FutureWave">FutureWave</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: FutureWave">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The precursor to Flash was a product named SmartSketch, published by <A href="/wiki/FutureWave_Software" title="FutureWave Software">FutureWave Software</A>. The company was founded by <A href="/wiki/Charlie_Jackson_(software)" title="Charlie Jackson (software)">Charlie Jackson</A>, <A href="/wiki/Jonathan_Gay" title="Jonathan Gay">Jonathan Gay</A>, and Michelle Welsh.<SUP id="cite_ref-hs_18-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-hs-18">[18]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-mfb_19-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-mfb-19">[19]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-bh1_20-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-bh1-20">[20]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-bh2_21-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-bh2-21">[21]</A></SUP> SmartSketch was a vector drawing application for pen computers running the <A href="/wiki/PenPoint_OS" title="PenPoint OS">PenPoint OS</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-22">[22]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-23">[23]</A></SUP> When PenPoint failed in the marketplace, SmartSketch was ported to <A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</A> and <A href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Mac OS</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-mfb_19-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-mfb-19">[19]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Back_to_Graphics_24-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Back_to_Graphics-24">[24]</A></SUP></P>
<P>As the Internet became more popular, FutureWave realized the potential for a vector-based web animation tool that might challenge <A href="/wiki/Macromedia" title="Macromedia">Macromedia</A> <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Shockwave" title="Adobe Shockwave">Shockwave</A> technology.<SUP id="cite_ref-hs_18-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-hs-18">[18]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-mfb_19-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-mfb-19">[19]</A></SUP> In 1995, FutureWave modified SmartSketch by adding frame-by-frame animation features and released this new product as FutureSplash Animator on Macintosh and PC.<SUP id="cite_ref-hs_18-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-hs-18">[18]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-mfb_19-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-mfb-19">[19]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-The_Dawn_of_Web_Animation_25-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-The_Dawn_of_Web_Animation-25">[25]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-26">[26]</A></SUP></P>
<P>FutureWave approached <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</A> with an offer to sell them FutureSplash in 1995, but Adobe turned down the offer at that time.<SUP id="cite_ref-mfb_19-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-mfb-19">[19]</A></SUP> Microsoft wanted to create an "online TV network" (<A href="/wiki/MSN_Dial-up#MSN_2.0" title="MSN Dial-up">MSN 2.0</A>) and adopted FutureSplash animated content as a central part of it.<SUP id="cite_ref-mfb_19-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-mfb-19">[19]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Disney_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney Online">Disney Online</A> used FutureSplash animations for their subscription-based service Disney's Daily Blast.<SUP id="cite_ref-hs_18-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-hs-18">[18]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-mfb_19-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-mfb-19">[19]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox Broadcasting Company</A> launched <A href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</A> using FutureSplash.<SUP id="cite_ref-mfb_19-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-mfb-19">[19]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Macromedia">Macromedia</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Macromedia">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>In November 1996, FutureSplash was acquired by Macromedia, and Macromedia re-branded and released <I>FutureSplash Animator</I> as <I>Macromedia Flash 1.0</I>. Flash was a two-part system, a graphics and animation editor known as Macromedia Flash, and a player known as Macromedia Flash Player.</P>
<P><I>FutureSplash Animator</I> was an animation tool originally developed for pen-based computing devices. Due to the small size of the <I>FutureSplash Viewer</I>, it was particularly suited for download on the Web. Macromedia distributed Flash Player as a free browser <A href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plugin</A> in order to quickly gain market share. By 2005, more computers worldwide had Flash Player installed than any other Web media format, including <A href="/wiki/Java_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Platform">Java</A>, <A href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</A>, <A href="/wiki/RealNetworks" title="RealNetworks">RealNetworks</A> and <A href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Windows Media Player</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-flash_27-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-flash-27">[27]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Macromedia upgraded the Flash system between 1996 and 1999 adding MovieClips, Actions (the precursor to ActionScript), Alpha transparency, and other features. As Flash matured, Macromedia's focus shifted from marketing it as a graphics and media tool to promoting it as a <A href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">Web application</A> platform, adding scripting and data access capabilities to the player while attempting to retain its small footprint.</P>
<P>In 2000, the first major version of ActionScript was developed, and released with <I>Flash 5</I>. Actionscript 2.0 was released with <I>Flash MX 2004</I> and supported <A href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</A>, improved UI components and other programming features. The last version of Flash released by Macromedia was <I>Flash 8</I>, which focused on graphical upgrades such as filters (blur, drop shadow, etc.), blend modes (similar to <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Adobe Photoshop</A>), and advanced features for FLV video.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Adobe">Adobe</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Adobe">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Macromedia was acquired by Adobe Systems in 2005, and the entire Macromedia product line including Flash, <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Dreamweaver" title="Adobe Dreamweaver">Dreamweaver</A>, <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Director" title="Adobe Director">Director</A>/<A href="/wiki/Adobe_Shockwave" title="Adobe Shockwave">Shockwave</A>, <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Fireworks" title="Adobe Fireworks">Fireworks</A> (which has since been discontinued) and <A href="/wiki/Authorware" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorware">Authorware</A> is now handled by Adobe.</P>
<P>In 2007, Adobe's first version release was <I>Adobe Flash CS3 Professional</I>, the ninth major version of Flash. It introduced the ActionScript 3.0 programming language, which supported modern programming practices and enabled business applications to be developed with Flash. <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flex_Builder" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Flex Builder">Adobe Flex Builder</A> (built on <A href="/wiki/Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</A>) targeted the enterprise <A href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">application development</A> market, and was also released the same year. Flex Builder included the Flex SDK, a set of components that included charting, advanced UI, and data services (<I>Flex Data Services</I>).</P>
<P>In 2008, Adobe released the tenth version of Flash, <I>Adobe Flash CS4</I>. Flash 10 improved animation capabilities within the Flash editor, adding a motion editor panel (similar to <A href="/wiki/Adobe_After_Effects" title="Adobe After Effects">Adobe After Effects</A>), <A href="/wiki/Inverse_kinematics" title="Inverse kinematics">inverse kinematics</A> (bones), basic 3D object animation, object-based animation, and other text and graphics features. <I>Flash Player 10</I> included an in-built 3D engine (without GPU acceleration) that allowed basic object transformations in 3D space (position, rotation, scaling).</P>
<P>Also in 2008, Adobe released the first version of Adobe Integrated Runtime (later re-branded as <I>Adobe AIR</I>), a runtime engine that replaced Flash Player, and provided additional capabilities to the ActionScript 3.0 language to build desktop and mobile applications. With AIR, developers could access the file system (the user's files and folders), and connected devices suxh as joystick, gamepad and sensors for the first time.</P>
<P>In 2011, <I>Adobe Flash Player 11</I> was released, and with it the first version of <A href="/wiki/Stage3D" title="Stage3D">Stage3D</A>, allowing GPU-accelerated 3D rendering for Flash applications and games on desktop platforms such as <A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</A> and <A href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Labrecque2011_28-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Labrecque2011-28">[28]</A></SUP> Adobe further improved 3D capabilities from 2011 to 2013, adding support for 3D rendering on Android and iOS platforms, alpha-channels, compressed textures, <A href="/wiki/Texture_atlas" title="Texture atlas">texture atlases</A>, and other features.<SUP id="cite_ref-fproadmap_29-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-fproadmap-29">[29]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-30">[30]</A></SUP> Adobe AIR was upgraded to support 64-bit computers, and to allow developers to add additional functionality to the AIR runtime using <I>AIR Native Extensions</I> (ANE).</P>
<P>In 2014, Adobe AIR reached a milestone with over 100,000 unique applications built, and over 1 billion installations logged across the world (May 2014).<SUP id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-31">[31]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-32">[32]</A></SUP> Adobe AIR was voted the <I>Best Mobile Application Development</I> product at the <A href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show" title="Consumer Electronics Show">Consumer Electronics Show</A> on two consecutive years (CES 2014 and CES 2015).<SUP id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-33">[33]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-34">[34]</A></SUP> In 2016, Adobe renamed Flash Professional, the primary authoring software for Flash content, to Adobe Animate to reflect its growing use for authoring HTML5 content in favour of Flash content.<SUP id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-35">[35]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Open_Screen_Project">Open Screen Project</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Open Screen Project">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>On May 1, 2008, Adobe announced the <I>Open Screen Project</I>, with the intent of providing a consistent application interface across devices such as personal computers, <A href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">mobile devices</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-osppr_36-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-osppr-36">[36]</A></SUP> When the project was announced, seven goals were outlined: the abolition of licensing fees for Adobe Flash Player and <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Integrated_Runtime" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Integrated Runtime">Adobe Integrated Runtime</A>, the removal of restrictions on the use of the <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Shockwave" title="Adobe Shockwave">Shockwave</A> Flash (<A href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</A>) and Flash Video (FLV) <A href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">file formats</A>, the publishing of <A href="/wiki/Application_Programming_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application Programming Interface">application programming interfaces</A> for porting Flash to new devices, and the publishing of The Flash Cast protocol and Action Message Format (AMF), which let Flash applications receive information from remote databases.<SUP id="cite_ref-osppr_36-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-osppr-36">[36]</A></SUP></P>
<P>As of February 2009<SUP class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit">[update]</A></SUP>, the specifications removing the restrictions on the use of SWF and FLV/F4V specs have been published.<SUP id="cite_ref-interview_37-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-interview-37">[37]</A></SUP> The Flash Cast protocol—now known as the Mobile Content Delivery Protocol—and AMF protocols have also been made available,<SUP id="cite_ref-interview_37-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-interview-37">[37]</A></SUP> with AMF available as an open source implementation, <A href="/wiki/BlazeDS" title="BlazeDS">BlazeDS</A>.</P>
<P>The list of mobile device providers who have joined the project includes <A href="/wiki/Palm,_Inc." title="Palm, Inc.">Palm</A>, Motorola, and Nokia,<SUP id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-38">[38]</A></SUP> who, together with Adobe, have announced a $10 million Open Screen Project fund.<SUP id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-39">[39]</A></SUP> As of 2012<SUP class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit">[update]</A></SUP>, the Open Screen Project is no longer accepting new applications according to partner BSQuare. However paid licensing is still an option for device makers who want to use Adobe software.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="End_of_life">End of life</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: End of life">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Although Flash was previously a dominant platform for online multimedia content, it is slowly being abandoned as Adobe favors a transition to HTML5 due to inherent security flaws and significant resources required to maintain the platform. <A href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</A> restricted the use of Flash on <A href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</A> due to concerns that it performed poorly on its mobile devices, had negative impact on battery life, and was deemed unnecessary for online content.<SUP id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-40">[40]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-41">[41]</A></SUP> As a result, it was not adopted by Apple for its smartphone and tablet devices, which also reduced its user base and encouraged wider adoption of HTML5 features such as the <A href="/wiki/Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">canvas</A> and <A href="/wiki/HTML5_video" title="HTML5 video">video</A> elements, which can replace Flash without the need for plugins. In 2015, Adobe rebranded its Flash authoring environment as Adobe Animate to emphasize its expanded support for HTML5 authoring, and stated that it would "encourage content creators to build with new web standards" rather than using Flash.<SUP id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-42">[42]</A></SUP> In July 2017, Adobe announced that it would declare Flash to be <A href="/wiki/End-of-life_(product)" title="End-of-life (product)">end-of-life</A> in 2020, and will cease support, distribution, and security updates to Flash Player.<SUP id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-43">[43]</A></SUP> After the announcement, developers have started a petition to turn Flash into an open-source project, leading to controversy.<SUP id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-44">[44]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The Flash Platform will continue in the form of <A href="/wiki/Adobe_AIR" title="Adobe AIR">Adobe AIR</A>, which Adobe will continue to develop, and <A href="/wiki/OpenFL" title="OpenFL">OpenFL</A>, an open-source implementation of the Flash Player.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Format">Format</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Format">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="FLA">FLA</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: FLA">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Flash source files are in the <A href="/wiki/SWF#Related_file_formats_and_extensions" title="SWF"><B>FLA</B> format</A>, and contain graphics and animation, as well as embedded assets such as bitmap images, audio files and FLV video files. The Flash source file format is a proprietary format and Adobe Animate is the only available authoring tool capable of editing such files. Flash source files (.fla) may be compiled into Flash movie files (.swf) using Adobe Animate. Note that FLA files can be edited, but output (.swf) files cannot.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="SWF">SWF</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: SWF">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</A></DIV>
<P>Flash movie files are in the <I>SWF</I> format, traditionally called "<B>S</B>hock<B>W</B>ave <B>F</B>lash" movies, "Flash movies", or "Flash applications", usually have a .swf <A href="/wiki/File_extension" class="mw-redirect" title="File extension">file extension</A>, and may be used in the form of a web page plug-in, strictly "played" in a standalone Flash Player, or incorporated into a self-executing Projector movie (with the .exe extension in <A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</A>). Flash Video files<SUP id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-45">[spec 1]</A></SUP> have a .flv file extension and are either used from within .swf files or played through a flv-aware player, such as <A href="/wiki/VLC_media_player" title="VLC media player">VLC</A>, or <A href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</A> and <A href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Windows Media Player</A> with external <A href="/wiki/Codec" title="Codec">codecs</A> added.</P>
<P>The use of vector graphics combined with program code allows Flash files to be smaller—and thus allows streams to use less <A href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</A>—than the corresponding bitmaps or video clips. For content in a single format (such as just text, video, or audio), other alternatives may provide better performance and consume less <A href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</A> power than the corresponding Flash movie, for example when using transparency or making large screen updates such as photographic or text fades.</P>
<P>In addition to a vector-rendering engine, the Flash Player includes a virtual machine called the ActionScript Virtual Machine (AVM) for scripting interactivity at run-time, with video, MP3-based audio, and bitmap graphics. As of Flash Player 8, it offers two video codecs: <A href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">On2 Technologies</A> <A href="/wiki/VP6" title="VP6">VP6</A> and <A href="/wiki/Sorenson_codec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorenson codec">Sorenson Spark</A>, and run-time <A href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</A>, Progressive JPEG, <A href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics Interchange Format">GIF</A> capability.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="3D">3D</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 3D">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Stage3D" title="Stage3D">Stage3D</A></DIV>
<P>Flash Player 11 introduced a full 3D <A href="/wiki/Shader" title="Shader">shader</A> API, called <A href="/wiki/Stage3D" title="Stage3D">Stage3D</A>, which is fairly similar to <A href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Fisher2013_46-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Fisher2013-46">[45]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-vs_webgl_47-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-vs_webgl-47">[46]</A></SUP> Stage3D enables GPU-accelerated rendering of <A href="/wiki/3D_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="3D graphics">3D graphics</A> within Flash games and applications, and has been used to build <A href="/wiki/Angry_Birds" title="Angry Birds">Angry Birds</A>, and a couple of other notable games.</P>
<P>Various 3D frameworks have been built for Flash using Stage3D, such as <A href="/wiki/Away3D" title="Away3D">Away3D</A> 4,<SUP id="cite_ref-vs_webgl_47-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-vs_webgl-47">[46]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/CopperCube" title="CopperCube">CopperCube</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-develop-online-ccb4_48-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-develop-online-ccb4-48">[47]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Flare3D" title="Flare3D">Flare3D</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-Gladstien2013_49-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Gladstien2013-49">[48]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Starling_Framework" title="Starling Framework">Starling</A>,.<SUP id="cite_ref-Imbert2012_50-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Imbert2012-50">[49]</A></SUP><SUP class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<SPAN>vii</SPAN></SUP> Professional game engines like <A href="/wiki/Unreal_Engine" title="Unreal Engine">Unreal Engine</A><SUP id="cite_ref-Au2012_51-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Au2012-51">[50]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-theverge_52-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-theverge-52">[51]</A></SUP> and <A href="/wiki/Unity_(game_engine)" title="Unity (game engine)">Unity</A> also export Flash versions which use Stage3D to render 3D graphics.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Flash_Video">Flash Video</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Flash Video">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Flash_Video" title="Flash Video">Flash Video</A></DIV>
<P>Virtually all browser plugins for video are <A href="/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre">free of charge</A> and cross-platform, including Adobe's offering of Flash Video, which was first introduced with Flash version 6. Flash Video has been a popular choice for websites due to the large <A href="#Installed_user_base">installed user base</A> and programmability of Flash. In 2010, Apple publicly criticized Adobe Flash, including its implementation of video playback for not taking advantage of hardware acceleration, one reason Flash is not to be found on Apple's mobile devices. Soon after Apple's criticism, Adobe demoed and released a beta version of Flash 10.1, which takes advantage of GPU hardware acceleration even on a Mac. Flash 10.2 beta, released December 2010, adds hardware acceleration for the whole video rendering pipeline.</P>
<P>Flash Player supports two distinct modes of video playback, and <A href="/wiki/Video_codec" title="Video codec">hardware accelerated video decoding</A> may not be used for older video content. Such content causes excessive <A href="/wiki/CPU_usage" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU usage">CPU usage</A> compared to comparable content played with other players.</P>
<UL>
<LI><B>Software Rendered Video</B> : Flash Player supports software rendered video since version 6. Such video supports vector animations displayed above the video content. This obligation may, depending on graphic <A href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" title="Application programming interface">APIs</A> exposed by the operating system, prohibit using a <A href="/wiki/Video_overlay" title="Video overlay">video overlay</A>, like a traditional <A href="/wiki/Media_player_(application_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Media player (application software)">multimedia player</A> would use, with the consequence that <A href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space conversion</A> and scaling must happen in software.<SUP id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-53">[52]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><B>Hardware Accelerated Video</B> : Flash Player supports hardware accelerated video playback since version 10.2, for <A href="/wiki/H.264" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264">H.264</A>, F4V, and <A href="/wiki/FLV" class="mw-redirect" title="FLV">FLV</A> video formats. Such video is displayed above all Flash content, and takes advantage of <A href="/wiki/Video_codec" title="Video codec">video codec</A> chipsets installed on the user's device. Developers must specifically use the "StageVideo" technology within Flash Player in order for hardware decoding to be enabled. Flash Player internally uses technologies such as <A href="/wiki/DirectX_Video_Acceleration" title="DirectX Video Acceleration">DirectX Video Acceleration</A> and <A href="/wiki/OpenGL" title="OpenGL">OpenGL</A> to do so.</LI>
</UL>
<P>In tests done by <A href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</A> in 2008 and 2009, Adobe Flash Player performed better on <A href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</A> than <A href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</A> and <A href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</A> with the same hardware.<SUP id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-54">[53]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-55">[54]</A></SUP> Performance has later improved for the latter two, on Mac OS X with Flash Player 10.1,<SUP id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-56">[55]</A></SUP> and on Linux with Flash Player 11.<SUP id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-57">[56]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Flash_Audio">Flash Audio</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Flash Audio">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Flash Audio is most commonly encoded in MP3 or AAC (<A href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">Advanced Audio Coding</A>) however it can also use <A href="/wiki/ADPCM" class="mw-redirect" title="ADPCM">ADPCM</A>, Nellymoser (<A href="/wiki/Nellymoser_Asao_Codec" class="mw-redirect" title="Nellymoser Asao Codec">Nellymoser Asao Codec</A>) and <A href="/wiki/Speex" title="Speex">Speex</A> audio codecs. Flash allows sample rates of 11, 22 and 44.1 kHz. It cannot have 48 kHz audio sample rate, which is the standard TV and DVD sample rate.</P>
<P>On August 20, 2007, Adobe announced on its blog that with Update 3 of Flash Player 9, Flash Video will also implement some parts of the <A href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</A> international standards.<SUP id="cite_ref-MP4_58-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MP4-58">[57]</A></SUP> Specifically, Flash Player will work with video compressed in <A href="/wiki/H.264" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264">H.264</A> (MPEG-4 Part 10), audio compressed using <A href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</A> (MPEG-4 Part 3), the F4V, MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 14), M4V, M4A, <A href="/wiki/3GP" class="mw-redirect" title="3GP">3GP</A> and <A href="/wiki/.mov" class="mw-redirect" title=".mov">MOV</A> multimedia <A href="/wiki/Container_format_(digital)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container format (digital)">container formats</A>, <A href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</A> <A href="/wiki/Timed_Text" class="mw-redirect" title="Timed Text">Timed Text</A> specification (MPEG-4 Part 17), which is a standardized subtitle format and partial parsing capability for the 'ilst' atom, which is the <A href="/wiki/ID3" title="ID3">ID3</A> equivalent <A href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</A> uses to store <A href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</A>. <A href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">MPEG-4 Part 2</A> and <A href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</A> will not work in F4V file format. Adobe also announced that it will be gradually moving away from the FLV format to the standard ISO base media file format (<A href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_12" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 12">MPEG-4 Part 12</A>) owing to functional limits with the FLV structure when streaming H.264. The final release of the Flash Player implementing some parts of MPEG-4 standards had become available in Fall 2007.<SUP id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-59">[58]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Adobe Flash Player 10.1 does not have acoustic echo cancellation, unlike the VoIP offerings of Skype and Google Voice, making this and earlier versions of Flash less suitable for group calling or meetings. Flash Player 10.3 Beta incorporates acoustic echo cancellation.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Scripting_language">Scripting language</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Scripting language">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <A href="/wiki/ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</A></DIV>
<P><I>ActionScript</I> is the programming language used by Flash. It is an enhanced superset of the <A href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</A> programming language, with a classical Java-style class model, rather than JavaScript's prototype model.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Specifications">Specifications</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Specifications">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>In October 1998, Macromedia disclosed the Flash Version 3 Specification on its website. It did this in response to many new and often semi-open formats competing with SWF, such as Xara's <A href="/wiki/Xara_Flare" title="Xara Flare">Flare</A> and Sharp's <A href="/wiki/Extended_Vector_Animation" title="Extended Vector Animation">Extended Vector Animation</A> formats. Several developers quickly created a <A href="/wiki/C_library" class="mw-redirect" title="C library">C library</A> for producing SWF. In February 1999, MorphInk 99 was introduced, the first third-party program to create SWF files. Macromedia also hired <A href="/w/index.php?title=Middlesoft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middlesoft (page does not exist)">Middlesoft</A> to create a freely available <A href="/wiki/Development_kit" class="mw-redirect" title="Development kit">developers' kit</A> for the SWF file format versions 3 to 5.</P>
<P>Macromedia made the Flash Files specifications for versions 6 and later available only under a <A href="/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">non-disclosure agreement</A>, but they are widely available from various sites.</P>
<P>In April 2006, the Flash SWF file format specification was released with details on the then newest version format (Flash 8). Although still lacking specific information on the incorporated video compression formats (On2, Sorenson Spark, etc.), this new documentation covered all the new features offered in Flash v8 including new ActionScript commands, expressive filter controls, and so on. The file format specification document is offered only to developers who agree to a license agreement that permits them to use the specifications only to develop programs that can export to the Flash file format. The license does not allow the use of the specifications to create programs that can be used for playback of Flash files. The Flash 9 specification was made available under similar restrictions.<SUP id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-60">[59]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In June 2009, Adobe launched the <A href="/wiki/Open_Screen_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Screen Project">Open Screen Project</A> (<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/openscreenproject/faq/">Adobe link</A>), which made the SWF specification available without restrictions. Previously, developers could not use the specification for making SWF-compatible players, but only for making SWF-exporting authoring software. The specification still omits information on codecs such as <A href="/wiki/Sorenson_codec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorenson codec">Sorenson Spark</A>, however.<SUP id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-61">[60]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Animation_tools">Animation tools</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Animation tools">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Official_tools">Official tools</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Official tools">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Animate" title="Adobe Animate">Adobe Animate</A></DIV>
<P>The Adobe Animate authoring program is primarily used to design graphics and animation and publish the same for websites, web applications, and video games. The program also offers limited support for audio and video embedding, and ActionScript scripting.</P>
<P>Adobe released <A href="/wiki/Adobe_LiveMotion" title="Adobe LiveMotion">Adobe LiveMotion</A>, designed to create interactive animation content and export it to a variety of formats, including SWF. LiveMotion failed to gain any notable user base.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><SPAN title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers. (December 2015)">specify</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></P>
<P>In February 2003, Macromedia purchased Presedia, which had developed a Flash authoring tool that automatically converted PowerPoint files into Flash. Macromedia subsequently released the new product as Breeze, which included many new enhancements.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Third-party_tools">Third-party tools</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Third-party tools">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Comparison_of_vector_graphics_editors" title="Comparison of vector graphics editors">Comparison of vector graphics editors</A></DIV>
<P>Various free and commercial software packages can output animations into the Flash SWF format, suitable for display on the web, including:</P>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/SWiSH_Max" title="SWiSH Max">SWiSH Max</A> is an animation editor with preset animation, developed by an ex-employee of Macromedia, that can output Flash animations</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/ToonBoom" class="mw-redirect" title="ToonBoom">Toon Boom</A> is a traditional animation tool that can output Flash animations</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</A> <A href="/wiki/Keynote_(presentation_software)" title="Keynote (presentation software)">Keynote</A> allows users to export presentations to Flash SWF animations</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xara_Photo_%26_Graphic_Designer" title="Xara Photo & Graphic Designer">Xara Photo & Graphic Designer</A> can output Flash animations</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ajax_Animator" title="Ajax Animator">Ajax Animator</A> aim to create a Flash development environment</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/KToon" class="mw-redirect" title="KToon">KToon</A> can edit vectors and generate SWF, but its interface is very different from Macromedia's</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Screencast" title="Screencast">Screencast</A> and <A href="/wiki/Screencam" title="Screencam">Screencam</A>, produces demos or tutorials by capturing the screen and generating a Flash animation of the same</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/GoAnimate" title="GoAnimate">GoAnimate</A> is a <A href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">software as a service</A> tool to create animated videos.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anime_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Anime Studio">Anime Studio</A> is a 2D animation software package specialized for character animation, that creates Flash animations</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Question_Writer" title="Question Writer">Question Writer</A> publishes its quizzes to Flash animations</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice Impress</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Toufee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toufee (page does not exist)">Toufee</A></LI>
<LI>KoolMoves</LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Express_Animator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Express Animator (page does not exist)">Express Animator</A></LI>
<LI>CelAction2D</LI>
<LI>Alligator Flash Designer</LI>
<LI>Amara Web</LI>
<LI>Clash</LI>
<LI>Salasaga</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Synfig" title="Synfig">Synfig</A></LI>
</UL>
<P>The Flash 4 Linux project was an initiative to develop an <A href="/wiki/Open_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source">open source</A> <A href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</A> application as an alternative to Adobe Animate. Development plans included authoring capacity for 2D animation, and <A href="/wiki/Tweening" class="mw-redirect" title="Tweening">tweening</A>, as well as outputing SWF file formats. F4L evolved into an editor that was capable of authoring 2D animation and publishing of SWF files. Flash 4 Linux was renamed UIRA. UIRA intended to combine the resources and knowledge of the F4L project and the Qflash project, both of which were Open Source applications that aimed to provide an alternative to the proprietary Adobe Flash.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Programming_tools">Programming tools</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Programming tools">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Official_tools_2">Official tools</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Official tools">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Adobe provides a series of tools to develop <A href="/wiki/Software_applications" class="mw-redirect" title="Software applications">software applications</A> and <A href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</A> for Flash:</P>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Apache_Flex" title="Apache Flex">Apache Flex</A> SDK – a free, open source SDK to compile Flash-based <A href="/wiki/Rich_Internet_applications" class="mw-redirect" title="Rich Internet applications">rich Internet applications</A> from source code. The Apache Flex ActionScript 3.0 compiler generates SWF files from <A href="/wiki/ActionScript_3" class="mw-redirect" title="ActionScript 3">ActionScript 3</A> files. Flex was the primary ActionScript 3 compiler and was actively developed by Adobe before it was donated to <A href="/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</A> in 2011.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Animate" title="Adobe Animate">Adobe Animate</A> – primarily used to design graphics and animation, but supports ActionScript scripting and debugging.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Builder" title="Adobe Flash Builder">Adobe Flash Builder</A> – enterprise application development & debugging, contains the <A href="/wiki/Apache_Flex" title="Apache Flex">Flex SDK</A> with UI and charting components.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Scout" title="Adobe Scout">Adobe Scout</A> – a visual profiler to optimize performance of Flash content.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/CrossBridge" title="CrossBridge">CrossBridge</A> – a free SDK to <A href="/wiki/Cross_compilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross compilation">cross-compile</A> C++ code to run in Flash Player.</LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Third-party_tools_2">Third-party tools</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Third-party tools">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Third-party development tools have been created to assist developers in creating software applications and video games with Flash.</P>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/FlashDevelop" title="FlashDevelop">FlashDevelop</A> is a free and <A href="/wiki/Open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source">open-source</A> Flash ActionScript IDE, which includes a project manager and debugger for building applications on Flash Player and Adobe AIR.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Powerflasher_FDT" title="Powerflasher FDT">Powerflasher FDT</A> is a commercial ActionScript IDE similar to FlashDevelop.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Haxe" title="Haxe">Haxe</A> is an open source, high-level object-oriented programming language geared towards web-content creation that can compile SWF files from Haxe programs. As of 2012, <A href="/wiki/Haxe" title="Haxe">Haxe</A> can build programs for Flash Player that perform faster than the same application built with the Adobe Flex SDK compiler, due to additional <A href="/wiki/Compiler_optimization" class="mw-redirect" title="Compiler optimization">compiler optimizations</A> supported in Haxe.<SUP id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-62">[61]</A></SUP><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources"><SPAN title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (August 2014)">unreliable source?</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/SWFTools" title="SWFTools">SWFTools</A> (specifically, swfc) is an open-source ActionScript 3.0 compiler which generates SWF files from script files, which includes <A href="/wiki/SVG" class="mw-redirect" title="SVG">SVG</A> tags.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Swfmill" title="Swfmill">swfmill</A> and <A href="/wiki/MTASC" title="MTASC">MTASC</A> also provide tools to create SWF files by compiling text, ActionScript or XML files into <A href="/wiki/Flash_animation" title="Flash animation">Flash animations</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ming_library" title="Ming library">Ming library</A>, to create SWF files programmatically, has interfaces for <A href="/wiki/C_(Programming_Language)" class="mw-redirect" title="C (Programming Language)">C</A>, <A href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</A>, <A href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</A>, <A href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</A>, <A href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</A>. It is able to import and export graphics from XML into SWF.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Players">Players</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Players">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Proprietary">Proprietary</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Proprietary">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Adobe Flash Player is the multimedia and application player originally developed by <A href="/wiki/Macromedia" title="Macromedia">Macromedia</A> and acquired by Adobe Systems. It plays <A href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</A> files, which can be created by Adobe Animate, <A href="/wiki/Apache_Flex" title="Apache Flex">Apache Flex</A>, or a number of other Adobe Systems and 3rd party tools. It has support for a scripting language called ActionScript, which can be used to display Flash Video from an SWF file.</P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Scaleform_GFx" title="Scaleform GFx">Scaleform GFx</A> is a commercial alternative Flash player that features fully hardware-accelerated 2D graphics rendering using the <A href="/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit" title="Graphics processing unit">GPU</A>. Scaleform has high conformance with both Flash 10 ActionScript 3<SUP id="cite_ref-ActionScript_3_63-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ActionScript_3-63">[62]</A></SUP> and Flash 8 ActionScript 2. Scaleform GFx is a game development middleware solution that helps create graphical user interfaces or <A href="/wiki/HUD_(video_gaming)" title="HUD (video gaming)">HUDs</A> within 3D video games. It does not work with web browsers.</P>
<P><A href="/wiki/IrfanView" title="IrfanView">IrfanView</A>, an image viewer, uses Flash Player to display SWF files.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Open_source">Open source</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Open source">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P><A href="/wiki/OpenFL" title="OpenFL">OpenFL</A> is an open-source implementation of the Adobe Flash player and runtime. It allows developers to build a single application against the OpenFL APIs, and simultaneously target multiple platforms including Flash/AIR, HTML5, Windows, Android, Tizen, Neko, BlackBerry and webOS. OpenFL mirrors the Flash API for graphical operations. OpenFL applications are written in <A href="/wiki/Haxe" title="Haxe">Haxe</A>, a modern multi-platform programming language.</P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Lightspark" title="Lightspark">Lightspark</A> is a free and open source SWF player that supports most of ActionScript 3.0 and has a <A href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</A>-compatible <A href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plug-in</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-64">[63]</A></SUP> It will fall back on Gnash, a free SWF player supporting ActionScript 1.0 and 2.0 (AVM1) code. Lightspark supports <A href="/wiki/OpenGL" title="OpenGL">OpenGL</A>-based rendering for 3D content. The player is also compatible with <A href="/wiki/H.264" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264">H.264</A> Flash videos on <A href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</A>.</P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Gnash_(software)" title="Gnash (software)">Gnash</A> aims to create a software player and browser plugin replacement for the Adobe Flash Player. Gnash can play <A href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</A> files up to version 7, and 80% of ActionScript 2.0.<SUP id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-65">[64]</A></SUP> Gnash run on Windows, Linux and other platforms for the 32-bit, 64-bit, and other operating systems, but development has slowed significantly in recent years.</P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Shumway_(software)" title="Shumway (software)">Shumway</A> was an open source Flash Player released by Mozilla in November 2012. It was built in JavaScript and is thus compatible with modern web-browsers.<SUP id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-66">[65]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-67">[66]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-68">[67]</A></SUP> In early October 2013, Shumway was included by default in the Firefox nightly branch.<SUP id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-69">[68]</A></SUP> Shumway rendered Flash contents by translating contents inside Flash files to HTML5 elements, and running an ActionScript interpreter in <A href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-70">[69]</A></SUP> It supported both AVM1 and AVM2, and ActionScript versions 1, 2, and 3.<SUP id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-71">[70]</A></SUP> Development of Shumway ceased in early 2016.<SUP id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-72">[71]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Adobe Flash Player cannot ship as part of a pure <A href="/wiki/Open_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source">open source</A>, or completely free operating system, as its distribution is bound to the <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macromedia.com/software/flash/open/licensing/">Macromedia Licensing Program</A> and subject to proposition first from Adobe.<SUP id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-73">[72]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Availability">Availability</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Availability">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Desktop_computers">Desktop computers</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Desktop computers">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Flash_Player">Flash Player</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Flash Player">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P>The latest version of Adobe Flash Player is available for three major desktop platforms, including <A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</A>, <A href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</A> and <A href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-flashrequirements_74-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-flashrequirements-74">[73]</A></SUP> On <A href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</A> the <A href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client#Pepper" title="Google Native Client">PPAPI</A> plug-in is available; the <A href="/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI">NPAPI</A> version wasn't updated to new major versions for a while<SUP id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-75">[74]</A></SUP> until Adobe changed its mind on stopping support and its former plan to discontinue "in 2017".<SUP id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-76">[75]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Adobe Flash Player is available in four flavors:</P>
<UL>
<LI>ActiveX-based Plug-in</LI>
<LI>NPAPI-based Plug-in</LI>
<LI>PPAPI-based Plug-in</LI>
<LI>Projector</LI>
</UL>
<P>The <I>ActiveX</I> version is an <A href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</A> control for use in <A href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</A> and any other Windows applications that supports ActiveX technology. The <I>Plug-in</I> versions are available for browsers supporting either <A href="/wiki/Netscape_Plugin_Application_Programming_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Netscape Plugin Application Programming Interface">NPAPI</A> or <A href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client#Pepper" title="Google Native Client">PPAPI</A> plug-ins on <A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</A>, <A href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</A> and <A href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</A>. The <I>projector</I> version is a standalone player that can open <A href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</A> files directly.<SUP id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-77">[76]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The following table documents Flash Player and Adobe AIR support on <A href="/wiki/Desktop_operating_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Desktop operating system">desktop operating systems</A>:</P>
<TABLE class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter">
<THEAD><TR>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Operating System</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Prerequisites</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Usage</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Latest Adobe Flash Player</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Browser Support</TH>
</TR></THEAD><TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</A></TD>
<TD>Windows XP (32-bit, AIR only) / Vista (32-bit, AIR only) / 7 / 8.1 / 10<SUP id="cite_ref-flashrequirements_74-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-flashrequirements-74">[73]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-airrequirements_78-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airrequirements-78">[77]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD>Internet Browser, Standalone Applications</TD>
<TD>Flash Player 25.0,<SUP id="cite_ref-fpos_79-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-fpos-79">[78]</A></SUP> AIR 25.0<SUP id="cite_ref-airversion_80-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airversion-80">[79]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</A>, <A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Edge</A>, <A href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Firefox</A>, <A href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</A>, <A href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</A>, <A href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</A></TD>
<TD>OS X 10.9 or newer (Flash Player)<SUP id="cite_ref-flashrequirements_74-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-flashrequirements-74">[73]</A></SUP> / Mac OS X 10.7 or newer (AIR)<SUP id="cite_ref-airrequirements_78-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airrequirements-78">[77]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD>Internet Browser, Standalone Applications</TD>
<TD>Flash Player 25.0,<SUP id="cite_ref-fpos_79-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-fpos-79">[78]</A></SUP> AIR 25.0<SUP id="cite_ref-airversion_80-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airversion-80">[79]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Apple_Safari" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Safari">Safari</A>, <A href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Firefox</A>, <A href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</A>, <A href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</A>, <A href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</A></TD>
<TD>Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.6 or newer / openSUSE 11.3 or newer / Ubuntu 10.04 or newer<SUP id="cite_ref-flashrequirements_74-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-flashrequirements-74">[73]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD>Internet Browser</TD>
<TD>Flash Player 25.0.0.127 (<A href="/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI">NPAPI</A>), Flash Player 25.0.0.127 (<A href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client#Pepper" title="Google Native Client">PPAPI</A>)<SUP id="cite_ref-fpos_79-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-fpos-79">[78]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Firefox</A> (<A href="/wiki/NPAPI" title="NPAPI">NPAPI</A>) / <A href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</A>, <A href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</A>, <A href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</A> (<A href="/wiki/Google_Native_Client#Pepper" title="Google Native Client">PPAPI</A>)</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY><TFOOT></TFOOT></TABLE>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Adobe_AIR">Adobe AIR</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Adobe AIR">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P>The latest version of Adobe AIR, version 18, contains Adobe Flash Player 18, and is available for <A href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</A> and later, as well as <A href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-fp11ios_81-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-fp11ios-81">[80]</A></SUP> Official support for desktop Linux distributions ceased in June 2011 with version 2.6.<SUP id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-82">[81]</A></SUP></P>
<TABLE class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter">
<THEAD><TR>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Platform</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Installer file support</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">App Store support</TH>
</TR></THEAD><TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</A></TD>
<TD><I><A href="/wiki/.air" class="mw-redirect" title=".air">.air</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/.exe" title=".exe">.exe</A></I> and <I><A href="/wiki/.msi" class="mw-redirect" title=".msi">.msi</A></I><SUP id="cite_ref-aircaptive_83-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-aircaptive-83">[82]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-airpackage_84-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airpackage-84">[83]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD>None</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</A></TD>
<TD><I><A href="/wiki/.air" class="mw-redirect" title=".air">.air</A></I> and <I><A href="/wiki/.dmg" class="mw-redirect" title=".dmg">.dmg</A></I><SUP id="cite_ref-airpackage_84-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airpackage-84">[83]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD>With captive runtime<SUP id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-85">[84]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</A></TD>
<TD><I><A href="/wiki/.apk" class="mw-redirect" title=".apk">.apk</A></I><SUP id="cite_ref-airandroid_86-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airandroid-86">[85]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play</A><SUP id="cite_ref-airandroid_86-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airandroid-86">[85]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</A></TD>
<TD><I><A href="/wiki/.ipa" title=".ipa">.ipa</A></I><SUP id="cite_ref-airios_87-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airios-87">[86]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</A><SUP id="cite_ref-airios_87-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airios-87">[86]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/BlackBerry_PlayBook" title="BlackBerry PlayBook">PlayBook</A></TD>
<TD><I><A href="/wiki/.bar" title=".bar">.bar</A></I><SUP id="cite_ref-airbb_88-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airbb-88">[87]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/BlackBerry_App_World" class="mw-redirect" title="BlackBerry App World">BlackBerry App World</A><SUP id="cite_ref-airbb_88-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-airbb-88">[87]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY><TFOOT></TFOOT></TABLE>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Mobile_devices">Mobile devices</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Mobile devices">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Flash_Player_2">Flash Player</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Flash Player">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P>Adobe Flash Player was available for a variety of mobile operating systems, including <A href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</A> (between versions 2.2<SUP id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-89">[88]</A></SUP> and 4.0.4<SUP id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-90">[89]</A></SUP>), <A href="/wiki/Pocket_PC" title="Pocket PC">Pocket PC</A>/<A href="/wiki/Windows_CE" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows CE">Windows CE</A>, <A href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</A> (e.g. on <A href="/wiki/BlackBerry_PlayBook" title="BlackBerry PlayBook">BlackBerry PlayBook</A>), <A href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</A>, <A href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</A>, and <A href="/wiki/WebOS" title="WebOS">webOS</A> (since version 2.0<SUP id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-91">[90]</A></SUP>). Flash Player for smart phones was made available to handset manufacturers at the end of 2009.<SUP id="cite_ref-palmpr_92-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-palmpr-92">[91]</A></SUP></P>
<P>However, in November 2011, Adobe announced the withdrawal of support for Flash Player on mobile devices.<SUP id="cite_ref-sfgate_93-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-sfgate-93">[92]</A></SUP> Adobe continues to support deploying Flash-based content as mobile applications via Adobe AIR.</P>
<P>Adobe is reaffirming its commitment to "aggressively contribute" to HTML5.<SUP id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-94">[93]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-95">[94]</A></SUP> Adobe announced the end of Flash for mobile platforms or TV, instead focusing on HTML5 for browser content and Adobe AIR for the various mobile <A href="/wiki/List_of_digital_distribution_platforms_for_mobile_devices" class="mw-redirect" title="List of digital distribution platforms for mobile devices">application stores</A><SUP id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-96">[95]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-97">[96]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-98">[97]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-99">[98]</A></SUP> and described it as "the beginning of the end".<SUP id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-100">[99]</A></SUP> BlackBerry LTD (formerly known as RIM) announced that it would continue to develop Flash Player for the PlayBook.<SUP id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-101">[100]</A></SUP></P>
<P><SPAN id="Flash_for_iOS"></SPAN>There is no Adobe Flash Player for iOS devices (iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch). However, Flash content can be made to run on iOS devices in a variety of ways:</P>
<UL>
<LI>Flash content can be bundled inside an Adobe AIR app, which will then run on iOS devices. (Apple did not allow this for a while, but they relaxed those restrictions in September 2010.<SUP id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-102">[101]</A></SUP>)</LI>
<LI>On March 8, 2011, Techradar reported that Adobe provides an experimental server side tool (<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://labs.adobe.com/technologies/wallaby/">Wallaby</A>) to convert Flash programs (as far as possible) to HTML5 code, thus allowing iOS devices to display the content.<SUP id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-103">[102]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>If the content is Flash video being served by Adobe Flash Media Server 4.5, the server will translate and send the video as HTTP Dynamic Streaming or HTTP Live Streaming, both of which can be played by iOS devices.<SUP id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-104">[103]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>Some specialized mobile browsers manage to accommodate Flash via streaming content from the cloud directly to a user's device. Some examples are Photon Browser<SUP id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-105">[104]</A></SUP> and Puffin Web Browser.<SUP id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-106">[105]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<P>The mobile version of <A href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</A> for <A href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</A> cannot play Flash content,<SUP id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-107">[106]</A></SUP> however Flash support is still present on the <A href="/wiki/Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">tablet version of Windows</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-108">[107]</A></SUP></P>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Adobe_AIR_2">Adobe AIR</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Adobe AIR">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Adobe_AIR" title="Adobe AIR">Adobe AIR</A></DIV>
<TABLE class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation">
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<TD class="mbox-text">
<DIV class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <B>updated</B>. <SPAN class="hide-when-compact">Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</SPAN> <SMALL><I>(March 2016)</I></SMALL></DIV>
</TD>
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<P>Adobe AIR was released in 2008, and allows the creation of <A href="/wiki/Mobile_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile application">mobile applications</A> and <A href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">mobile games</A> using Flash and ActionScript. Notable mobile games built with Flash include <I><A href="/wiki/Angry_Birds" title="Angry Birds">Angry Birds</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Machinarium" title="Machinarium">Machinarium</A></I> and <I><A href="/wiki/Defend_Your_Castle" title="Defend Your Castle">Defend Your Castle</A></I>.</P>
<P>Using AIR, developers can access the full Adobe Flash functionality, including <A href="/wiki/Text_file" title="Text file">text</A>, <A href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector graphics</A>, <A href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">raster graphics</A>, <A href="/wiki/Digital_video" title="Digital video">video</A>, <A href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">audio</A>, <A href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">camera</A> and <A href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</A> capability. Adobe AIR also includes additional features such as file system integration, native client extensions, <A href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">desktop</A> integration and access to connected devices and sensors.</P>
<P>AIR applications can be published as native phone applications on certain mobile operating systems, such as <A href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</A> (<A href="/wiki/ARM_Cortex-A8" title="ARM Cortex-A8">ARM Cortex-A8</A> and above<SUP id="cite_ref-flashmobileblog1_109-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-flashmobileblog1-109">[108]</A></SUP>) and <A href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</A> <A href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-fp11ios_81-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-fp11ios-81">[80]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The following table explains to what extent Adobe AIR can run on various <A href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">mobile operating systems</A>:</P>
<TABLE class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter">
<THEAD><TR>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Operating System</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Prerequisites</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Latest Adobe Flash Player</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">AIR Framework</TH>
</TR></THEAD><TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</A></TD>
<TD>Android 2.3+, <A href="/wiki/ARM_Cortex-A8" title="ARM Cortex-A8">ARM Cortex-A8</A>+<SUP id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-110">[109]</A></SUP> or Android x86<SUP id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-111">[110]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD>AIR 3.6.0.597 (uses Flash Player 11.6)<SUP id="cite_ref-helpx.adobe.com_112-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-helpx.adobe.com-112">[111]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD>Option 1: The AIR player can be embedded as a 'captive' runtime, which increases APK size but makes the application standalone.<SUP id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-113">[112]</A></SUP>
<P>Option 2: The runtime is not included with the app, and must installed as a separate app from the app market.<SUP id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-114">[113]</A></SUP></P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</A> <A href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</A></TD>
<TD>iOS 4.3 or later</TD>
<TD>AIR 3.6.0.597 (uses Flash Player 11.6)<SUP id="cite_ref-helpx.adobe.com_112-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-helpx.adobe.com-112">[111]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD>Not applicable: each app includes its own 'captive' runtime.<SUP id="cite_ref-forums.adobe.com_115-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-forums.adobe.com-115">[114]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Tablet_OS" title="BlackBerry Tablet OS">BlackBerry Tablet OS</A></TD>
<TD>None</TD>
<TD>AIR 3.1 (uses Flash Player 11.1)<SUP id="cite_ref-annfp11_116-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-annfp11-116">[115]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-117">[116]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD>Already pre-installed on each device.<SUP id="cite_ref-forums.adobe.com_115-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-forums.adobe.com-115">[114]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</A></TD>
<TD>Blackberry 10.2 and lower (no longer supported from 10.3)<SUP id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-118">[117]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD>AIR 3.5 (uses Flash Player 11.1)</TD>
<TD>Already pre-installed on each device.</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY><TFOOT></TFOOT></TABLE>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Portable_electronic_devices">Portable electronic devices</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Portable electronic devices">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Lite" title="Adobe Flash Lite">Adobe Flash Lite</A> is a lightweight version of Adobe Flash Player intended for mobile phones<SUP id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-119">[118]</A></SUP> and other portable electronic devices like <A href="/wiki/Chumby" title="Chumby">Chumby</A> and <A href="/wiki/IRiver" class="mw-redirect" title="IRiver">iRiver</A>.</P>
<P>On the emerging <A href="/wiki/List_of_single-board_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of single-board computers">single-board</A> enthusiast market, as substantially popularized by the <A href="/wiki/Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</A>, support from Adobe is lacking. However, the open-source player Gnash has been ported and found to be useful.<SUP id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-120">[119]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Alternatives">Alternatives</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Alternatives">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="OpenFL">OpenFL</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: OpenFL">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/OpenFL" title="OpenFL">OpenFL</A></DIV>
<P>OpenFL is an open-source implementation of the Adobe Flash technology. It allows developers to build a single application against the OpenFL APIs, and simultaneously target multiple platforms including Flash/AIR, HTML5, Windows, Android, Tizen, Neko, BlackBerry and webOS. OpenFL mirrors the Flash API for graphical operations. OpenFL applications are written in <A href="/wiki/Haxe" title="Haxe">Haxe</A>, a modern multi-platform programming language.</P>
<P>More than 500 video games have been developed with OpenFL<SUP id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-121">[120]</A></SUP>, including the <A href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="British Academy Film Awards">BAFTA-award</A>-winning game <I><A href="/wiki/Papers,_Please" title="Papers, Please">Papers, Please</A></I>, <A href="/wiki/Rymdkapsel" title="Rymdkapsel">Rymdkapsel</A>, <A href="/wiki/Lightbot" title="Lightbot">Lightbot</A> and <A href="/wiki/Madden_NFL_Mobile" title="Madden NFL Mobile">Madden NFL Mobile</A>.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="HTML5">HTML5</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: HTML5">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Comparison_of_HTML5_and_Flash" title="Comparison of HTML5 and Flash">Comparison of HTML5 and Flash</A></DIV>
<P>HTML5 is often cited as an alternative to Adobe Flash technology usage on web pages. Adobe released a tool that converts Flash to HTML5,<SUP id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-122">[121]</A></SUP> and in June 2011, Google released an experimental tool that does the same.<SUP id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-123">[122]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-124">[123]</A></SUP> In January 2015, <A href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</A> defaulted to HTML5 players to better support more devices.<SUP id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-125">[124]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Flash_to_HTML5">Flash to HTML5</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Flash to HTML5">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The following tools allow running Flash content in web browsers using HTML5:</P>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Edge_Animate" title="Adobe Edge Animate">Adobe Edge Animate</A> was designed to produce HTML5 animations directly.<SUP id="cite_ref-OwenStevens2013_126-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-OwenStevens2013-126">[125]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Animate" title="Adobe Animate">Adobe Animate</A> now allows Flash animations to be published into HTML5 content directly.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Google_Swiffy" title="Google Swiffy">Google Swiffy</A> - A web-based tool developed by <A href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</A> that converts <A href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</A> files into <A href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</A>, using <A href="/wiki/SVG" class="mw-redirect" title="SVG">SVG</A> for graphics and <A href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</A> for animation</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozilla_Shumway" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Shumway">Mozilla Shumway</A>, a Flash <A href="/wiki/Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</A> written in JavaScript.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/CreateJS" title="CreateJS">CreateJS</A> is library that while available separately was also adopted by Adobe as a replacement for Wallaby in <A href="/wiki/CS6" class="mw-redirect" title="CS6">CS6</A>. Unlike Wallaby, which was a standalone program, the "Toolkit for CreateJS" only works as a plug-in inside <A href="/wiki/Flash_Professional" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash Professional">Flash Professional</A>; it generates output for the <A href="/wiki/HTML5_canvas" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML5 canvas">HTML5 canvas</A>, animated with JavaScript.<SUP id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-127">[126]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-128">[127]</A></SUP> Around December 2013, the toolkit was integrated directly into Flash Professional CC.<SUP id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-129">[128]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-130">[129]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Criticisms">Criticisms</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Criticisms">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Mobile_support">Mobile support</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Mobile support">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Websites built with Adobe Flash will not function on most modern mobile devices running <A href="/wiki/Google_Android" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Android">Google Android</A> or <A href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</A> (<A href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</A>, <A href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</A>). The only alternative is using HTML5 and <A href="/wiki/Responsive_web_design" title="Responsive web design">responsive web design</A> to build websites that support both desktop and mobile devices.</P>
<P>However, Flash is still used to build mobile games using Adobe AIR. Such games will not work in mobile web browsers, but must be installed via the appropriate <A href="/wiki/App_store" title="App store">app store</A>.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Vendor_dependence">Vendor dependence</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Vendor dependence">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <A href="/wiki/Vendor_lock-in" title="Vendor lock-in">Vendor lock-in</A></DIV>
<P>The reliance on Adobe for decoding Flash makes its use on the <A href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</A> a concern—the completeness of its public specifications are debated, and no complete implementation of Flash is publicly available in <A href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</A> form with a license that permits reuse. Generally, public specifications are what makes a format re-implementable (see <A href="/wiki/Future_proof#Data_storage" title="Future proof">future proofing data storage</A>), and reusable codebases can be <A href="/wiki/Software_portability" title="Software portability">ported</A> to new platforms without the endorsement of the format creator.</P>
<P>Adobe's restrictions on the use of the SWF/FLV specifications were lifted in February 2009 (see <A href="#Open_Screen_Project">Adobe's Open Screen Project</A>). However, despite efforts of projects like Gnash, <A href="/wiki/Swfdec" title="Swfdec">Swfdec</A> and <A href="/wiki/Lightspark" title="Lightspark">Lightspark</A>, a complete free Flash player is yet to be seen, as of September 2011. For example, Gnash cannot use SWF v10 yet.<SUP id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-131">[130]</A></SUP> Notably, Gnash was listed on the <A href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation#High_priority_projects" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation's high priority list</A>, from at least 2007, to its overdue removal in January 2017.<SUP id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-132">[131]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Notable advocates of free software, open standards, and the World Wide Web have warned against the use of Flash:</P>
<P>The founder of <A href="/wiki/Mozilla_Europe" title="Mozilla Europe">Mozilla Europe</A>, <A href="/wiki/Tristan_Nitot" title="Tristan Nitot">Tristan Nitot</A>, stated in 2008:<SUP id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-133">[132]</A></SUP></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Companies building websites should beware of proprietary <A href="/wiki/Rich-media" class="mw-redirect" title="Rich-media">rich-media</A> technologies like Adobe's Flash and Microsoft's Silverlight. (...) You're producing content for your users and there's someone in the middle deciding whether users should see your content.</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Representing open standards, inventor of <A href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</A> and co-author of HTML5, <A href="/wiki/H%C3%A5kon_Wium_Lie" title="Håkon Wium Lie">Håkon Wium Lie</A> explained in a Google tech talk of 2007, entitled "the <video> element", the proposal of <A href="/wiki/Theora" title="Theora">Theora</A> as the format for <A href="/wiki/HTML5_video" title="HTML5 video">HTML5 video</A>:<SUP id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-134">[133]</A></SUP></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>I believe very strongly, that we need to agree on some kind of baseline video format if [the video element] is going to succeed. Flash is today the baseline format on the web. The problem with Flash is that it's not an open standard.</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Representing the <A href="/wiki/Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">free software movement</A>, <A href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</A> stated in a speech in 2004 that:<SUP id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-135">[134]</A></SUP> "The use of Flash in websites is a major problem for our community."</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Accessibility">Accessibility</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Accessibility">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Usability consultant <A href="/wiki/Jakob_Nielsen_(usability_consultant)" title="Jakob Nielsen (usability consultant)">Jakob Nielsen</A> published an Alertbox in 2000 entitled, <I>Flash: 99% Bad</I>, stating that "Flash tends to degrade websites for three reasons: it encourages design abuse, it breaks with the Web's fundamental interaction principles, and it distracts attention from the site's core value."<SUP id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-136">[135]</A></SUP> Some problems have been at least partially fixed since Nielsen's complaints: Text size can be controlled using full page zoom and it has been possible for authors to include alternative text in Flash since Flash Player 6.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Flash_blocking_in_web_browsers">Flash blocking in web browsers</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Flash blocking in web browsers">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
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Some websites rely heavily on Flash and become unusable without Flash Player, or with Flash blocked.</DIV>
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<P>Flash content is usually embedded using the <CODE>object</CODE> or <CODE>embed</CODE> <A href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">HTML element</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-137">[136]</A></SUP> A web browser that does not fully implement one of these elements displays the replacement text, if supplied by the web page. Often, a plugin is required for the browser to fully implement these elements, though some users cannot or will not install it.</P>
<P>Since Flash can be used to produce content (such as advertisements) that some users find obnoxious or take a large amount of bandwidth to download, some web browsers, by default, do not play Flash content until the user clicks on it, e.g. <A href="/wiki/Konqueror" title="Konqueror">Konqueror</A>, <A href="/wiki/K-Meleon" title="K-Meleon">K-Meleon</A>.</P>
<P>Most current browsers have a feature to block plugins, playing one only when the user clicks it. Opera versions since 10.5 feature native Flash blocking. Opera Turbo requires the user to click to play Flash content, and the browser also allows the user to enable this option permanently. Both Chrome<SUP id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-138">[137]</A></SUP> and Firefox<SUP id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-139">[138]</A></SUP> have an option to enable "click to play plugins". Equivalent "Flash blocker" extensions are also available for many popular browsers: Firefox has <A href="/wiki/Flashblock" title="Flashblock">Flashblock</A> and <A href="/wiki/NoScript" title="NoScript">NoScript</A>, Internet Explorer has Foxie, which contains a number of features, one of them named Flashblock. WebKit-based browsers under macOS, such as Apple's Safari, have ClickToFlash.<SUP id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-140">[139]</A></SUP> <SPAN id="Security"></SPAN> In June 2015, Google announced that Chrome will "pause" advertisements and "non-central" Flash content by default.<SUP id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-141">[140]</A></SUP></P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</A> (from version 46) rewrites old Flash-only <A href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</A> embed code into YouTube's modern embedded player that is capable of using either <A href="/wiki/HTML5_video" title="HTML5 video">HTML5</A> or Flash.<SUP id="cite_ref-firefox_embed_rewrite_142-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-firefox_embed_rewrite-142">[141]</A></SUP> Such embed code is used by non-YouTube sites to embed YouTube's videos, and can still be encountered, for example, on old blogs and forums.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Security">Security</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Security">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player#Security" title="Adobe Flash Player">Adobe Flash Player § Security</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Browser_security#Plugins_and_extensions" title="Browser security">Browser security § Plugins and extensions</A></DIV>
<P>For many years Adobe Flash Player's security record<SUP id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-143">[142]</A></SUP> has led many security experts to recommend against installing the player, or to block Flash content.<SUP id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-144">[143]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-145">[144]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/United_States_Computer_Emergency_Readiness_Team" title="United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team">US-CERT</A> has recommended blocking Flash,<SUP id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-146">[145]</A></SUP> and security researcher <A href="/wiki/Charlie_Miller_(security_researcher)" title="Charlie Miller (security researcher)">Charlie Miller</A> recommended "not to install Flash";<SUP id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-147">[146]</A></SUP> however, for people still using Flash, <A href="/wiki/Intego" title="Intego">Intego</A> recommended that users get trusted updates "only directly from the vendor that publishes them."<SUP id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-148">[147]</A></SUP> As of February 12, 2015, Adobe Flash Player has over 400 <A href="/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures" title="Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures">CVE</A> entries,<SUP id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-149">[148]</A></SUP> of which over 300 lead to <A href="/wiki/Arbitrary_code_execution" title="Arbitrary code execution">arbitrary code execution</A>, and past vulnerabilities have enabled spying via web cameras.<SUP id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-150">[149]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-151">[150]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-FlashSettings_152-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-FlashSettings-152">[151]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-153">[152]</A></SUP> Security experts have long predicted the demise of Flash, saying that with the rise of HTML5 "...the need for browser plugins such as Flash is diminishing",<SUP id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-154">[153]</A></SUP> as only 7 to 10 percent of websites still use it.<SUP id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-155">[154]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-newman_156-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-newman-156">[155]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Active moves by third parties to limit the risk began with <A href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</A> in 2010 saying that Apple would not allow Flash on the <A href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</A>, <A href="/wiki/IPod_touch" class="mw-redirect" title="IPod touch">iPod touch</A> and <A href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</A> – citing abysmal security as one reason.<SUP id="cite_ref-thoughtsFlash_157-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-thoughtsFlash-157">[156]</A></SUP> Flash often used the ability to dynamically change parts of the runtime on languages on OSX to improve their own performance, but caused general instability. In July 2015, a series of newly discovered vulnerabilities resulted in <A href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</A>'s chief security officer, Alex Stamos, issuing a call to Adobe to discontinue the software entirely<SUP id="cite_ref-stamos_158-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-stamos-158">[157]</A></SUP> and the <A href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</A> web browser, <A href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</A> and <A href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Apple Safari</A> to blacklist all earlier versions of Flash Player.<SUP id="cite_ref-ars-flashblockfirefox_159-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ars-flashblockfirefox-159">[158]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-160">[159]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-161">[160]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-flashblocksafari_162-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-flashblocksafari-162">[161]</A></SUP></P>
<P>As a result, "Adobe has essentially stopped trying to do anything new and innovative with Flash."<SUP id="cite_ref-newman_156-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-newman-156">[155]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Flash_cookies">Flash cookies</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Flash cookies">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Local_shared_object" title="Local shared object">Local shared object</A></DIV>
<P>Like the <A href="/wiki/HTTP_cookie" title="HTTP cookie">HTTP cookie</A>, a <A href="/wiki/Flash_cookie" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash cookie">flash cookie</A> (also known as a “<A href="/wiki/Local_Shared_Object" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Shared Object">Local Shared Object</A>”) can be used to save application data. Flash cookies are not shared across <A href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domains</A>. An August 2009 study by the <A href="/wiki/Ashkan_Soltani" title="Ashkan Soltani">Ashkan Soltani</A> and a team of researchers at <A href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Berkeley">UC Berkeley</A> found that 50% of websites using Flash were also employing flash cookies, yet privacy policies rarely disclosed them, and user controls for <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player#Privacy" title="Adobe Flash Player">privacy preferences</A> were lacking.<SUP id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-163">[162]</A></SUP> Most browsers' cache and history suppress or delete functions did not affect Flash Player's writing Local Shared Objects to its own cache in version 10.2 and earlier, at which point the user community was much less aware of the existence and function of Flash cookies than HTTP cookies.<SUP id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-164">[163]</A></SUP> Thus, users with those versions, having deleted HTTP cookies and purged browser history files and caches, may believe that they have purged all tracking data from their computers when in fact Flash browsing history remains. Adobe's own Flash <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macromedia.com/support/documentation/en/flashplayer/help/settings_manager07.html">Website Storage Settings panel</A>, a submenu of Adobe's Flash <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macromedia.com/support/documentation/en/flashplayer/help/settings_manager.html">Settings Manager web application</A>, and other <A href="/wiki/Local_Shared_Object#Editors_and_toolkits" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Shared Object">editors and toolkits</A> can manage settings for and delete Flash Local Shared Objects.<SUP id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-165">[164]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Creative_Cloud" title="Adobe Creative Cloud">Adobe Creative Cloud</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_2D_animation_software" title="List of 2D animation software">List of 2D animation software</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/OpenFL" title="OpenFL">OpenFL</A> is an open-source implementation of the Flash platform</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Saffron_Type_System" title="Saffron Type System">Saffron Type System</A> – the anti-aliased text-rendering engine used in version 8 onwards</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/SWFObject" title="SWFObject">SWFObject</A> – a JavaScript library used to embed Flash content into web pages</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Microsoft Silverlight</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/JavaFX" title="JavaFX">JavaFX</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/OpenLaszlo" title="OpenLaszlo">OpenLaszlo</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Synfig" title="Synfig">Synfig</A></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-45"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-45"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/flv/pdfs/video_file_format_spec_v10.pdf">FLV and F4V</A><BR />
F4V is based on <A href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">ISO base media file format</A> standard, available as a free download <A rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/index.html">[1]</A></SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-Adobe_Flash_EOL-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Adobe_Flash_EOL_1-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2017/07/adobe-flash-update.html">"FLASH & THE FUTURE OF INTERACTIVE CONTENT"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</A>. July 25, 2017.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FLASH+%26+THE+FUTURE+OF+INTERACTIVE+CONTENT&rft.pub=Adobe+Systems&rft.date=2017-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.adobe.com%2Fconversations%2F2017%2F07%2Fadobe-flash-update.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forums.adobe.com/message/9723938#9723938">AIR Roadmap Update</A>, Chris Campbell, Adobe Blog, Jul 25, 2017 9:08 AM</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-lifedeath-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-lifedeath_3-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-lifedeath_3-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-lifedeath_3-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-lifedeath_3-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">WARREN, CHRISTINA (2012-11-20). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mashable.com/2012/11/19/history-of-flash/">"The Life, Death and Rebirth of Adobe Flash"</A>. Mashable<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-06-11</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Life%2C+Death+and+Rebirth+of+Adobe+Flash&rft.pub=Mashable&rft.date=2012-11-20&rft.aulast=WARREN&rft.aufirst=CHRISTINA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2F2012%2F11%2F19%2Fhistory-of-flash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-smash50-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-smash50_4-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-smash50_4-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Pinho, Carlos (2009-07-07). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/06/07/50-beautiful-flash-websites/">"50 Beautiful Flash Websites"</A>. Smashing Magazine<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-06-11</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=50+Beautiful+Flash+Websites&rft.pub=Smashing+Magazine&rft.date=2009-07-07&rft.aulast=Pinho&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smashingmagazine.com%2F2009%2F06%2F07%2F50-beautiful-flash-websites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/devnet/flash/articles/fwa_2009.html">Looking back at the best Flash sites of 2009</A>, Adobe Developer Connection, 14 December 2009</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-smash3d-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-smash3d_6-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">DAVLIN, ANN (2011-06-15). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smashingapps.com/2011/06/15/35-of-the-best-3d-flash-websites-ever.html">"35 Of The Best 3D Flash Websites Ever"</A>. Smashing 3D<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-06-11</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=35+Of+The+Best+3D+Flash+Websites+Ever&rft.pub=Smashing+3D&rft.date=2011-06-15&rft.aulast=DAVLIN&rft.aufirst=ANN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smashingapps.com%2F2011%2F06%2F15%2F35-of-the-best-3d-flash-websites-ever.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webdesignerdrops.com/gallery/3d-websites/">20 Best 3D Websites</A>, Web Designer Drops, September 15, 2012</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-8"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itpro.co.uk/mobile/24135/google-to-automatically-convert-flash-web-ads-to-html5">Google to automatically convert Flash web ads to HTML5</A>, IT Pro Magazine, Caroline Preece, 27 Feb 2015</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popsci.com/youtube-now-plays-html5-video-by-default-eschews-adobe-flash">YOUTUBE NOW PLAYS HTML5 VIDEO BY DEFAULT, ESCHEWS ADOBE FLASH</A>, <A href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</A>, Dan Moren, January 28, 2015</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2392445/youtube-ditches-adobe-flash-for-html5-on-most-browsers">YouTube ditches Adobe Flash for HTML5 on most browsers</A>, <A href="/wiki/The_Inquirer" title="The Inquirer">The Inquirer</A>, Chris Merriman, Jan 28 2015</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-11"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/2876307/so-long-flash-youtube-now-defaults-to-html5-on-the-web.html">So long, Flash! YouTube now defaults to HTML5 on the web</A>, PC World Magazine, Ian Paul, Jan 28, 2015</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-flex3dummies-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-flex3dummies_12-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-flex3dummies_12-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-flex3dummies_12-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-flex3dummies_12-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-flex3dummies_12-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-flex3dummies_12-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">McCune, Doug (2009-02-23). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lazbXwrxrasC"><I>Adobe Flex 3.0 For Dummies</I></A>. John Wiley & Sons. p. Chapter 1, "From HTML to RIA". <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0470436824" title="Special:BookSources/0470436824">0470436824</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-06-11</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adobe+Flex+3.0+For+Dummies&rft.pages=Chapter+1%2C+%22From+HTML+to+RIA%22&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009-02-23&rft.isbn=0470436824&rft.aulast=McCune&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlazbXwrxrasC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-dvfb-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-dvfb_13-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Rocchi, Cesare (2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iOOD9ttmbDEC"><I>Data Visualization with Flash Builder</I></A>. Focal Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0240815033" title="Special:BookSources/0240815033">0240815033</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Data+Visualization+with+Flash+Builder&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=0240815033&rft.aulast=Rocchi&rft.aufirst=Cesare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiOOD9ttmbDEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-enterpriseflex-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-enterpriseflex_14-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-enterpriseflex_14-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Fain, Yakov (2010-03-16). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kjCaK4jXOJEC"><I>Enterprise Development with Flex: Best Practices for RIA Developers</I></A>. O'Reilly Media, Inc. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1449388736" title="Special:BookSources/1449388736">1449388736</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enterprise+Development+with+Flex%3A+Best+Practices+for+RIA+Developers&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media%2C+Inc&rft.date=2010-03-16&rft.isbn=1449388736&rft.aulast=Fain&rft.aufirst=Yakov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkjCaK4jXOJEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-test-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-test_15-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speedtest.net">"Speedtest.net by Ookla – The Global Broadband Speed Test"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speedtest.net+by+Ookla+%E2%80%93+The+Global+Broadband+Speed+Test&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspeedtest.net&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-16"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.speedtest.net/hc/en-us/articles/203845270-What-are-the-requirements-to-use-Speedtest-net-">What are the requirements to use Speedtest.net?</A>, Speedtest.net</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thenextweb.com/apps/2015/12/07/the-worlds-most-popular-internet-speed-test-finally-drops-adobe-flash/">The world’s most popular internet speed test finally drops Adobe Flash</A>, The Next Web, Owen Williams, 7 December 2015</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-hs-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-hs_18-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-hs_18-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-hs_18-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-hs_18-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coldhardflash.com/2008/02/grandmasters-of-flash-an-interview-with-the-creators-of-flash.html">Grandmasters of Flash: An Interview with the Creators of Flash</A>, Cold Hard Flash</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-mfb-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-mfb_19-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-mfb_19-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-mfb_19-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-mfb_19-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-mfb_19-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-mfb_19-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-mfb_19-6"><SUP><I><B>g</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-mfb_19-7"><SUP><I><B>h</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital-archaeology.org/flash-back/">MACROMEDIA FLASH BACK</A>, Digital Archaeology</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-bh1-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-bh1_20-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tnckAQAAMAAJ&q=Michelle+Welsh+%22futurewave%22&dq=Michelle+Welsh+%22futurewave%22&hl=en&sa=X">PC Graphics & Video, Volume 6, Issues 1–6</A>, Advanstar Communications, 1997</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-bh2-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-bh2_21-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tn8qAQAAMAAJ&q=Michelle+Welsh+%22futurewave%22&dq=Michelle+Welsh+%22futurewave%22&hl=en&sa=X">Personal Computer Magazine</A>, PC Communications Corporation, 1995</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-22"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Waldron, Rick (August 27, 2006). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flashmagazine.com/413.htm">"The Flash History"</A>. Flashmagazine<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">June 18,</SPAN> 2001</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Flash+History&rft.pub=Flashmagazine&rft.date=2006-08-27&rft.aulast=Waldron&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flashmagazine.com%2F413.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-23"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-23"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A href="/wiki/Jonathan_Gay" title="Jonathan Gay">Gay, Jonathan</A> (2001). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090204162951/http://www.adobe.com/macromedia/events/john_gay/page02.html">"The History of Flash"</A>. Adobe Systems Inc. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/macromedia/events/john_gay/page02.html">the original</A> on February 4, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 18,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Flash&rft.pub=Adobe+Systems+Inc.&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Fmacromedia%2Fevents%2Fjohn_gay%2Fpage02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Back_to_Graphics-24"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Back_to_Graphics_24-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/macromedia/events/john_gay/page03.html">The History of Flash: Back to Graphics</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150101204138/https://www.adobe.com/macromedia/events/john_gay/page03.html">Archived</A> January 1, 2015, at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-The_Dawn_of_Web_Animation-25"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-The_Dawn_of_Web_Animation_25-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/macromedia/events/john_gay/page04.html">The History of Flash: The Dawn of Web Animation</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-26"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-26"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coldhardflash.com/2008/02/grandmasters-of-flash-an-interview-with-the-creators-of-flash.html">"Grandmasters of Flash: An Interview with the Creators of Flash"</A>. ColdHardFlash.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 12,</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grandmasters+of+Flash%3A+An+Interview+with+the+Creators+of+Flash&rft.pub=ColdHardFlash.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoldhardflash.com%2F2008%2F02%2Fgrandmasters-of-flash-an-interview-with-the-creators-of-flash.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-flash-27"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-flash_27-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070516090612/http://news.zdnet.co.uk/internet/0%2C1000000097%2C39211831%2C00.htm">"Flash Player in 2005"</A>. <A href="/wiki/ZDNet" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.zdnet.co.uk/internet/0,1000000097,39211831,00.htm">the original</A> on May 16, 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2008-12-26</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flash+Player+in+2005&rft.pub=ZDNet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.zdnet.co.uk%2Finternet%2F0%2C1000000097%2C39211831%2C00.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Labrecque2011-28"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Labrecque2011_28-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Joseph Labrecque (2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UGD4zMFnK0QC&pg=PA17"><I>What's New in Flash Player 11</I></A>. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 17. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-1110-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-1110-0">978-1-4493-1110-0</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What%27s+New+in+Flash+Player+11&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4493-1110-0&rft.au=Joseph+Labrecque&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUGD4zMFnK0QC%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-fproadmap-29"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-fproadmap_29-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/devnet/flashplatform/whitepapers/roadmap.html">Adobe Flash Roadmap</A>, Adobe</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-30"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-30"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bytearray.org/?p=4516">[2]</A> Introducing Flash Player 11.4/AIR 3.4 beta!, by Thibault Imbert (Adobe employee), ByteArray</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-31"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-31"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.adobe.com/flashplayer/2014/04/air-app-installs-cross-a-billion.html">AIR app installs cross a billion</A>, Adobe AIR and Adobe Flash Player Team Blog</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-32"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-32"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forta.com/blog/index.cfm/2014/5/10/1-Billion-AIR-Installations">1 Billion AIR Installations</A>, Ben Forta</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-33"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-33"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.compassintelligence.com/?q=press/compass-intelligence-announces-winners-2014-mobility-awards-wireless-m2m-and-green-technology">Compass Intelligence Announces Winners of the 2014 Mobility Awards</A>, Compass Intelligence</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-34"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-34"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.compassintelligence.com/?q=press/compass-intelligence-announces-winners-2015-mobility-awards-list-m2m-green-technology-and">Compass Intelligence Announces Winners of the 2015 Mobility Awards</A>, Compass Intelligence</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-35"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-35"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Barrett, Brian. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2015/12/adobe-flash-is-dead-in-name-only/">"Sadly, Adobe Flash Isn't Dead. It Just Changed Its Name"</A>. <I>WIRED</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-06-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WIRED&rft.atitle=Sadly%2C+Adobe+Flash+Isn%E2%80%99t+Dead.+It+Just+Changed+Its+Name&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2015%2F12%2Fadobe-flash-is-dead-in-name-only%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-osppr-36"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-osppr_36-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-osppr_36-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/200805/050108AdobeOSP.html">"Adobe and Industry Leaders Establish Open Screen Project"</A>. May 1, 2008. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210215745/http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/200805/050108AdobeOSP.html">Archived</A> from the original on February 10, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 20,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+and+Industry+Leaders+Establish+Open+Screen+Project&rft.date=2008-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Faboutadobe%2Fpressroom%2Fpressreleases%2F200805%2F050108AdobeOSP.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-interview-37"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-interview_37-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-interview_37-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Murarka, Anup. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uiresourcecenter.com/rich-internet-applications/articles/inside-the-open-screen-project.html?s=2_1">"Inside the Open Screen Project"</A>. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210122744/http://uiresourcecenter.com/rich-internet-applications/articles/inside-the-open-screen-project.html?s=2_1">Archived</A> from the original on February 10, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 21,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inside+the+Open+Screen+Project&rft.aulast=Murarka&rft.aufirst=Anup&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uiresourcecenter.com%2Frich-internet-applications%2Farticles%2Finside-the-open-screen-project.html%3Fs%3D2_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-38"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-38"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openscreenproject.org/partners/current_partners.html">"Open Screen Project partners"</A>. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090224150104/http://www.openscreenproject.org/partners/current_partners.html">Archived</A> from the original on February 24, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 20,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Open+Screen+Project+partners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openscreenproject.org%2Fpartners%2Fcurrent_partners.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-39"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-39"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/200902/021609AdobeNokia.html">"Adobe and Nokia Announce $10 Million Open Screen Project Fund"</A>. February 16, 2009. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219070548/http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/200902/021609AdobeNokia.html">Archived</A> from the original on February 19, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 20,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+and+Nokia+Announce+%2410+Million+Open+Screen+Project+Fund&rft.date=2009-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Faboutadobe%2Fpressroom%2Fpressreleases%2F200902%2F021609AdobeNokia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-40"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-40"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Valentino-Devries, Jennifer (April 29, 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2010/04/29/live-blogging-the-journals-interview-with-adobe-ceo/">"Highlights: The Journal's Exclusive Interview With Adobe CEO"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">June 19,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Highlights%3A+The+Journal%E2%80%99s+Exclusive+Interview+With+Adobe+CEO&rft.date=2010-04-29&rft.aulast=Valentino-Devries&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fdigits%2F2010%2F04%2F29%2Flive-blogging-the-journals-interview-with-adobe-ceo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-41"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-41"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Arthur, Charles (April 29, 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2010/apr/29/adobe-chief-executive-flash-apple-reply">"Adobe CEO hits back in row with Steve Jobs over Flash on Apple's iPhone"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">June 19,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Adobe+CEO+hits+back+in+row+with+Steve+Jobs+over+Flash+on+Apple%27s+iPhone&rft.date=2010-04-29&rft.aulast=Arthur&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2Fblog%2F2010%2Fapr%2F29%2Fadobe-chief-executive-flash-apple-reply&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-42"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-42"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Kastrenakes, Jacob (2015-12-01). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2015/12/1/9827778/stop-using-flash">"Adobe is telling people to stop using Flash"</A>. <I>The Verge</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-07-25</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Adobe+is+telling+people+to+stop+using+Flash&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.aulast=Kastrenakes&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2015%2F12%2F1%2F9827778%2Fstop-using-flash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-43"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-43"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2017/07/adobe-flash-update.html">"Flash & The Future of Interactive Content"</A>. <I>Latest company news & updates | Adobe Conversations Blog</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-09-07</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latest+company+news+%26+updates+%7C+Adobe+Conversations+Blog&rft.atitle=Flash+%26+The+Future+of+Interactive+Content&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.adobe.com%2Fconversations%2F2017%2F07%2Fadobe-flash-update.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-44"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-44"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Sharwood, Simon; tweet_btn(), APAC Editor 31 Jul 2017 at 02:58. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/07/31/petition_to_open_source_adobe_flash/">"Petition calls for Adobe Flash to survive as open source zombie"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-08-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Petition+calls+for+Adobe+Flash+to+survive+as+open+source+zombie&rft.aulast=Sharwood&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=tweet_btn%28%29%2C+APAC+Editor+31+Jul+2017+at+02%3A58&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2017%2F07%2F31%2Fpetition_to_open_source_adobe_flash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Fisher2013-46"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Fisher2013_46-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Matt Fisher (2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O2DWzWRnQPwC&pg=PT165"><I>HTML5 for Flash Developers</I></A>. Packt Publishing Ltd. § Stage3D versus WebGL, p. 91. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84969-333-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84969-333-2">978-1-84969-333-2</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HTML5+for+Flash+Developers&rft.pages=%C2%A7+Stage3D+versus+WebGL%2C+p.+91&rft.pub=Packt+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84969-333-2&rft.au=Matt+Fisher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO2DWzWRnQPwC%26pg%3DPT165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-vs_webgl-47"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-vs_webgl_47-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-vs_webgl_47-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airtightinteractive.com/2011/10/stage3d-vs-webgl-performance/">"Stage3D vs WebGL Performance — Airtight Interactive"</A>. Airtightinteractive.com. 2011-10-28<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-08-04</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stage3D+vs+WebGL+Performance+%E2%80%94+Airtight+Interactive&rft.pub=Airtightinteractive.com&rft.date=2011-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airtightinteractive.com%2F2011%2F10%2Fstage3d-vs-webgl-performance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-develop-online-ccb4-48"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-develop-online-ccb4_48-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.develop-online.net/business-spotlights/tools-spotlight-coppercube-4-0/0186964">"Tools Spotlight: CopperCube 4.0"</A>. evelop-online.net. 2014-05-28<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-09-22</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tools+Spotlight%3A+CopperCube+4.0&rft.pub=evelop-online.net&rft.date=2014-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.develop-online.net%2Fbusiness-spotlights%2Ftools-spotlight-coppercube-4-0%2F0186964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Gladstien2013-49"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Gladstien2013_49-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Keith Gladstien (2013). <I>Flash Game Development In a Social, Mobile and 3D World</I>. Cengage Learning. pp. 383–421. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4354-6021-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4354-6021-8">978-1-4354-6021-8</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flash+Game+Development+In+a+Social%2C+Mobile+and+3D+World&rft.pages=383-421&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4354-6021-8&rft.au=Keith+Gladstien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Imbert2012-50"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Imbert2012_50-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Thibault Imbert (2012). <I>Introducing Starling</I>. O'Reilly Media, Inc. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-2089-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-2089-8">978-1-4493-2089-8</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducing+Starling&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4493-2089-8&rft.au=Thibault+Imbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Au2012-51"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Au2012_51-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Wagner James Au (2012). <I>Game Design Secrets</I>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 130. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-46391-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-46391-8">978-1-118-46391-8</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Game+Design+Secrets&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-118-46391-8&rft.au=Wagner+James+Au&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-theverge-52"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-theverge_52-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2011/10/7/2471974/epics-unreal-3-engine-coming-soon-to-adobe-flash-11">"Adobe Flash 11 adopts Unreal Engine 3 for better browser games | The Verge"</A>. theverge.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-08-04</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+Flash+11+adopts+Unreal+Engine+3+for+better+browser+games+%26%23124%3B+The+Verge&rft.pub=theverge.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2011%2F10%2F7%2F2471974%2Fepics-unreal-3-engine-coming-soon-to-adobe-flash-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-53"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-53"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Melanson, Mike (January 27, 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.adobe.com/penguinswf/2010/01/solving_different_problems.html">"Solving Different Problems"</A>. <I>Penguin.SWF</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 15,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Penguin.SWF&rft.atitle=Solving+Different+Problems&rft.date=2010-01-27&rft.aulast=Melanson&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.adobe.com%2Fpenguinswf%2F2010%2F01%2Fsolving_different_problems.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-54"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-54"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/software/news/2008/10/benchmarking-flash-player-10.ars">"Flash benchmarks on different operating systems"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flash+benchmarks+on+different+operating+systems&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fsoftware%2Fnews%2F2008%2F10%2Fbenchmarking-flash-player-10.ars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-55"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-55"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Paul, Ryan (October 16, 2009). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/media/news/2009/10/hands-on-hulu-desktop-for-linux-beta-a-big-resource-hog.ars">"Hands-on: Hulu Desktop for Linux beta a big resource hog"</A>. Arstechnica.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 4,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hands-on%3A+Hulu+Desktop+for+Linux+beta+a+big+resource+hog&rft.pub=Arstechnica.com&rft.date=2009-10-16&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fmedia%2Fnews%2F2009%2F10%2Fhands-on-hulu-desktop-for-linux-beta-a-big-resource-hog.ars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-56"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-56"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timo-ernst.net/2010/05/flash-player-10-1-performance-explosion/">"Flash Player 10.1: Performance improvements for Mac OS X"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flash+Player+10.1%3A+Performance+improvements+for+Mac+OS+X&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timo-ernst.net%2F2010%2F05%2Fflash-player-10-1-performance-explosion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-57"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-57"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=OTc4Mw">"Flash Player 11: More stable and faster for Linux"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flash+Player+11%3A+More+stable+and+faster+for+Linux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Dnews_item%26px%3DOTc4Mw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-MP4-58"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-MP4_58-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100106113036/http://www.kaourantin.net/2007/08/what-just-happened-to-video-on-web_20.html">"What just happened to video on the web"</A>. Adobe. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaourantin.net/2007/08/what-just-happened-to-video-on-web_20.html">the original</A> on January 6, 2010.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+just+happened+to+video+on+the+web&rft.pub=Adobe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaourantin.net%2F2007%2F08%2Fwhat-just-happened-to-video-on-web_20.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-59"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-59"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/200708/082107FlashPlayer.html">"Adobe Press release on MPEG-4 in Flash Player 9"</A>. Adobe.com. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101203071112/http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/200708/082107FlashPlayer.html">Archived</A> from the original on December 3, 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 4,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+Press+release+on+MPEG-4+in+Flash+Player+9&rft.pub=Adobe.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Faboutadobe%2Fpressroom%2Fpressreleases%2F200708%2F082107FlashPlayer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-60"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-60"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/licensing/developer/fileformat/faq/">"Adobe File Format Specification FAQ"</A>. Adobe Systems. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071111094129/http://www.adobe.com/licensing/developer/fileformat/faq/">Archived</A> from the original on November 11, 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 15,</SPAN> 2007</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+File+Format+Specification+FAQ&rft.pub=Adobe+Systems&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Flicensing%2Fdeveloper%2Ffileformat%2Ffaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-61"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-61"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080928202954/http://www.openmedianow.org/?q=node%2F21">"Free Flash community reacts to Adobe Open Screen Project"</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openmedianow.org/?q=node/21">the original</A> on September 28, 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 29,</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Free+Flash+community+reacts+to+Adobe+Open+Screen+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openmedianow.org%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-62"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-62"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.splashdust.net/2009/10/as3-vs-haxe-performance/">AS3 vs haXe performance</A>, SplashDust website <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150707170022/http://www.splashdust.net/2009/10/as3-vs-haxe-performance/">Archived</A> July 7, 2015, at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-ActionScript_3-63"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-ActionScript_3_63-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Kris Graft. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/30745/New_Scaleform_GFx_40_Supports_ActionScript_3_Flash_10.php">"Scaleform GFx 4 Supports Flash 10 AS3"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Gamasutra" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2010-10-01</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scaleform+GFx+4+Supports+Flash+10+AS3&rft.pub=Gamasutra&rft.au=Kris+Graft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Fnews%2F30745%2FNew_Scaleform_GFx_40_Supports_ActionScript_3_Flash_10.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-64"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-64"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mac.linux.be/content/lightspark-flash-player-continues-advance">"Lightspark flash player continues to advance"</A>. Linux.be. 2010-07-09<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2010-09-03</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lightspark+flash+player+continues+to+advance&rft.pub=Linux.be&rft.date=2010-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmac.linux.be%2Fcontent%2Flightspark-flash-player-continues-advance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-65"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-65"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/gnash/manual/gnashref.html#runs-on">"Gnash Reference Manual"</A>. www.gnu.org<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2011-11-12</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gnash+Reference+Manual&rft.pub=www.gnu.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fsoftware%2Fgnash%2Fmanual%2Fgnashref.html%23runs-on&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-66"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-66"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Duckett, Chris (2012-11-13). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zdnet.com/shumway-looks-to-replace-flash-with-javascript-7000007352/">"Shumway looks to replace Flash with JavaScript"</A>. ZDNet<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-01-08</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shumway+looks+to+replace+Flash+with+JavaScript&rft.pub=ZDNet&rft.date=2012-11-13&rft.aulast=Duckett&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Fshumway-looks-to-replace-flash-with-javascript-7000007352%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-67"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-67"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121220235709/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Shumway-Mozilla-s-open-SWF-runtime-project-1748816.html">"Shumway: Mozilla's open SWF runtime project – The H Open: News and Features"</A>. H-online.com. 2012-11-13. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Shumway-Mozilla-s-open-SWF-runtime-project-1748816.html">the original</A> on December 20, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-01-08</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shumway%3A+Mozilla%27s+open+SWF+runtime+project+%E2%80%93+The+H+Open%3A+News+and+Features&rft.pub=H-online.com&rft.date=2012-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.h-online.com%2Fopen%2Fnews%2Fitem%2FShumway-Mozilla-s-open-SWF-runtime-project-1748816.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-68"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-68"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iloveubuntu.net/mozilla-publicly-announces-open-source-flash-renderer-mozilla-sponsored-shumway-project">"Mozilla publicly announces the open-source Flash-renderer Mozilla-sponsored Shumway project | Iloveubuntu: Ubuntu blog"</A>. Iloveubuntu. 2012-11-12<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-01-08</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mozilla+publicly+announces+the+open-source+Flash-renderer+Mozilla-sponsored+Shumway+project+%26%23124%3B+Iloveubuntu%3A+Ubuntu+blog&rft.pub=Iloveubuntu&rft.date=2012-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iloveubuntu.net%2Fmozilla-publicly-announces-open-source-flash-renderer-mozilla-sponsored-shumway-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-69"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-69"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=xmir_perf_oktoberfest&num=1">"[Phoronix] X.Org vs. XMir On KDE, Xfce, Unity Desktops"</A>. Phoronix.com. 2013-09-24<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-10-04</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BPhoronix%26%2393%3B+X.Org+vs.+XMir+On+KDE%2C+Xfce%2C+Unity+Desktops&rft.pub=Phoronix.com&rft.date=2013-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Darticle%26item%3Dxmir_perf_oktoberfest%26num%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-70"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-70"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Villegas, Jet (November 12, 2012). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/research/2012/11/12/introducing-the-shumway-open-swf-runtime-project/">"The Shumway Open SWF Runtime Project"</A>. Mozilla.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Shumway+Open+SWF+Runtime+Project&rft.pub=Mozilla&rft.date=2012-11-12&rft.aulast=Villegas&rft.aufirst=Jet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.org%2Fresearch%2F2012%2F11%2F12%2Fintroducing-the-shumway-open-swf-runtime-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-71"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-71"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Willis, Nathan (November 21, 2012). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/525719/">"Gnash, Lightspark, and Shumway"</A>. <I>LWN.net</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">13 June</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LWN.net&rft.atitle=Gnash%2C+Lightspark%2C+and+Shumway&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flwn.net%2FArticles%2F525719%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-72"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-72"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghacks.net/2016/02/23/flash-replacement-shumway-is-as-good-as-dead/">"Flash Replacement Shumway is as good as dead – gHacks Tech News"</A>. 2016-02-23<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2016-09-17</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flash+Replacement+Shumway+is+as+good+as+dead+%E2%80%93+gHacks+Tech+News&rft.date=2016-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghacks.net%2F2016%2F02%2F23%2Fflash-replacement-shumway-is-as-good-as-dead%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-73"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-73"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Sfetcu, Nicolae (2014-05-14). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jAGSAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT151&dq=Adobe+Flash+Player+cannot+ship+as+part+of+a+pure+open+source,+or+completely+free+operating+system,+as+its+distribution+is+bound+to+the+Macromedia+Licensing+Program&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiF1NzK-bPVAhUD32MKHVUGAQUQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=Adobe%20Flash%20Player%20cannot%20ship%20as%20part%20of%20a%20pure%20open%20source,%20or%20completely%20free%20operating%20system,%20as%20its%20distribution%20is%20bound%20to%20the%20Macromedia%20Licensing%20Program&f=false"><I>Web Design & Development</I></A>. Nicolae Sfetcu.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Web+Design+%26+Development&rft.pub=Nicolae+Sfetcu&rft.date=2014-05-14&rft.aulast=Sfetcu&rft.aufirst=Nicolae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjAGSAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT151%26dq%3DAdobe%2BFlash%2BPlayer%2Bcannot%2Bship%2Bas%2Bpart%2Bof%2Ba%2Bpure%2Bopen%2Bsource%2C%2Bor%2Bcompletely%2Bfree%2Boperating%2Bsystem%2C%2Bas%2Bits%2Bdistribution%2Bis%2Bbound%2Bto%2Bthe%2BMacromedia%2BLicensing%2BProgram%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiF1NzK-bPVAhUD32MKHVUGAQUQ6AEIKDAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAdobe%2520Flash%2520Player%2520cannot%2520ship%2520as%2520part%2520of%2520a%2520pure%2520open%2520source%2C%2520or%2520completely%2520free%2520operating%2520system%2C%2520as%2520its%2520distribution%2520is%2520bound%2520to%2520the%2520Macromedia%2520Licensing%2520Program%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-flashrequirements-74"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-flashrequirements_74-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-flashrequirements_74-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-flashrequirements_74-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-flashrequirements_74-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/products/flashplayer/tech-specs.html">Adobe Flash Player Tech specs</A>, Adobe.com</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-75"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-75"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.adobe.com/flashplayer/2012/02/adobe-and-google-partnering-for-flash-player-on-linux.html">"Adobe and Google Partnering for Flash Player on Linux"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 25,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+and+Google+Partnering+for+Flash+Player+on+Linux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.adobe.com%2Fflashplayer%2F2012%2F02%2Fadobe-and-google-partnering-for-flash-player-on-linux.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-76"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-76"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.adobe.com/flashplayer/2016/08/beta-news-flash-player-npapi-for-linux.html">"Beta News – Flash Player NPAPI for Linux"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beta+News+%E2%80%93+Flash+Player+NPAPI+for+Linux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.adobe.com%2Fflashplayer%2F2016%2F08%2Fbeta-news-flash-player-npapi-for-linux.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-77"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-77"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/support/flashplayer/downloads.html">"Downloads"</A>. <I>Adobe Flash Player Support Center</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 1,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adobe+Flash+Player+Support+Center&rft.atitle=Downloads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Fsupport%2Fflashplayer%2Fdownloads.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-airrequirements-78"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-airrequirements_78-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-airrequirements_78-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/products/air/tech-specs.html">Adobe AIR Tech specs</A>, Adobe.com</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-fpos-79"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-fpos_79-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-fpos_79-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-fpos_79-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/software/flash/about/">Adobe Flash Player Versions</A>, Adobe.com</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-airversion-80"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-airversion_80-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-airversion_80-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://get.adobe.com/air/otherversions/">Get Adobe Air</A>, Adobe.com</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-fp11ios-81"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-fp11ios_81-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-fp11ios_81-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/devnet/air/articles/ios_features_in_air26.html">iOS features in Adobe AIR 2.6</A>, Adobe Devnet</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-82"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-82"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://helpx.adobe.com/air/kb/install-air-2-64-bit.html">"Install Adobe AIR 2 – 64-bit Linux"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 22,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Install+Adobe+AIR+2+%E2%80%93+64-bit+Linux&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhelpx.adobe.com%2Fair%2Fkb%2Finstall-air-2-64-bit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-aircaptive-83"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-aircaptive_83-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/devnet/air/articles/customize-setup-for-AIR-app-with-captive-runtime.html">Generating a Windows installer for your AIR captive runtime application</A>, Adobe Developer Connection</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-airpackage-84"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-airpackage_84-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-airpackage_84-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://help.adobe.com/en_US/air/build/WS789ea67d3e73a8b22388411123785d839c-8000.html">Packaging a desktop native installer</A>, Adobe Help Center</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-85"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-85"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://helpx.adobe.com/flash-player/kb/posting-air-app-mac-app.html">"Post Adobe AIR app to Mac app store"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Post+Adobe+AIR+app+to+Mac+app+store&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelpx.adobe.com%2Fflash-player%2Fkb%2Fposting-air-app-mac-app.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-airandroid-86"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-airandroid_86-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-airandroid_86-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/devnet/air/articles/packaging-air-apps-android.html">Using Flash Builder 4.5 to package applications for Google Android devices</A>, Adobe Developer Connection</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-airios-87"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-airios_87-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-airios_87-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/devnet/air/articles/packaging-air-apps-ios.html">Using Flash Builder 4.5 to package applications for Apple iOS devices</A>, Adobe Developer Connection</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-airbb-88"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-airbb_88-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-airbb_88-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/devnet/air/articles/packaging-air-apps-blackberry.html">Using Flash Builder 4.5 to package applications for BlackBerry Tablet OS devices</A>, Adobe Developer Connection</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-89"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-89"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Phil Nickinson (April 27, 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.androidcentral.com/andy-rubin-says-flash-coming-froyo-version-android-operating-system">"Andy Rubin says Flash is coming in Froyo version of Android operating system"</A>. Androidcentral.com. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101204221455/http://www.androidcentral.com/andy-rubin-says-flash-coming-froyo-version-android-operating-system">Archived</A> from the original on December 4, 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 4,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andy+Rubin+says+Flash+is+coming+in+Froyo+version+of+Android+operating+system&rft.pub=Androidcentral.com&rft.date=2010-04-27&rft.au=Phil+Nickinson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.androidcentral.com%2Fandy-rubin-says-flash-coming-froyo-version-android-operating-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-90"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-90"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webpronews.com/today-is-the-last-day-to-get-flash-for-android-2012-08">"Today Is The Last Day To Get Flash For Android"</A>. WebProNews. August 14, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">January 12,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Today+Is+The+Last+Day+To+Get+Flash+For+Android&rft.pub=WebProNews&rft.date=2012-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webpronews.com%2Ftoday-is-the-last-day-to-get-flash-for-android-2012-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-91"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-91"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Sascha Segan (October 19, 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2371016,00.asp#fbid=tFzIWK6F9kL">"HP WebOS 2.0 with Flash: Hands On"</A>. PCMAG.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 16,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=HP+WebOS+2.0+with+Flash%3A+Hands+On&rft.date=2010-10-19&rft.au=Sascha+Segan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Farticle2%2F0%2C2817%2C2371016%2C00.asp%23fbid%3DtFzIWK6F9kL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-palmpr-92"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-palmpr_92-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/200902/021609AdobePalmOSP.html">"Palm Latest Mobile Industry Leader to Join Open Screen Project"</A>. February 16, 2009. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090223002124/http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/200902/021609AdobePalmOSP.html">Archived</A> from the original on February 23, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 20,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palm+Latest+Mobile+Industry+Leader+to+Join+Open+Screen+Project&rft.date=2009-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Faboutadobe%2Fpressroom%2Fpressreleases%2F200902%2F021609AdobePalmOSP.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-sfgate-93"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-sfgate_93-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Winokur, Danny (November 9, 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html">"Flash to Focus on PC Browsing and Mobile Apps; Adobe to More Aggressively Contribute to HTML5 (Adobe Featured Blogs)"</A>. Blogs.adobe.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">January 26,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flash+to+Focus+on+PC+Browsing+and+Mobile+Apps%3B+Adobe+to+More+Aggressively+Contribute+to+HTML5+%28Adobe+Featured+Blogs%29&rft.pub=Blogs.adobe.com&rft.date=2011-11-09&rft.aulast=Winokur&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.adobe.com%2Fconversations%2F2011%2F11%2Fflash-focus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-94"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-94"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Stevens, Tim. (2011-11-09) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2011/11/09/adobe-confirms-flash-player-is-dead-for-mobile-devices">Adobe confirms Flash Player is dead for mobile devices</A>. Engadget.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-95"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-95"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theinfoboom.com/articles/adobe-flash-player-turfed-for-mobile-devices/">"Adobe Flash Player Turfed for Mobile Devices"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 11,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+Flash+Player+Turfed+for+Mobile+Devices&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theinfoboom.com%2Farticles%2Fadobe-flash-player-turfed-for-mobile-devices%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-96"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-96"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tideart.com/?id=4ebafb57">"Web designers: Time to ditch Flash, Silverlight, and embrace HTML5"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Web+designers%3A+Time+to+ditch+Flash%2C+Silverlight%2C+and+embrace+HTML5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftideart.com%2F%3Fid%3D4ebafb57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-97"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-97"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zdnet.com/blog/networking/flash-is-dead-long-live-html5/1633">"Flash is dead. Long live HTML5"</A>. <A href="/wiki/ZDNet" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</A>. November 9, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 12,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flash+is+dead.+Long+live+HTML5&rft.pub=ZDNet&rft.date=2011-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Fblog%2Fnetworking%2Fflash-is-dead-long-live-html5%2F1633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-98"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-98"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.adobe.com/conversations/2011/11/flash-focus.html">"Flash to Focus on PC Browsing and Mobile Apps; Adobe to More Aggressively Contribute to HTML5"</A>. Adobe Systems. November 9, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 12,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>. <Q><I>We will no longer continue to develop Flash Player in the browser to work with new mobile device configurations (chipset, browser, OS version, etc.) following the upcoming release of Flash Player 11.1 for Android and BlackBerry PlayBook</I></Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flash+to+Focus+on+PC+Browsing+and+Mobile+Apps%3B+Adobe+to+More+Aggressively+Contribute+to+HTML5&rft.pub=Adobe+Systems&rft.date=2011-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.adobe.com%2Fconversations%2F2011%2F11%2Fflash-focus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-99"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-99"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zdnet.com/blog/perlow/without-mobile-adobe-flash-is-irrelevant/19247">"PlayBook has a Flash-filled future; RIM's worst decision to date?"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PlayBook+has+a+Flash-filled+future%3B+RIM%27s+worst+decision+to+date%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Fblog%2Fperlow%2Fwithout-mobile-adobe-flash-is-irrelevant%2F19247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-100"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-100"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.cnn.com/2011/11/10/technology/adobe_flash/">"The beginning of the end for Adobe's Flash"</A>. <I>CNN</I>. November 10, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 11,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+beginning+of+the+end+for+Adobe%27s+Flash&rft.date=2011-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2011%2F11%2F10%2Ftechnology%2Fadobe_flash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-101"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-101"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zdnet.com/blog/btl/playbook-has-a-flash-filled-future-rims-worst-decision-to-date/63118">"PlayBook has a Flash-filled future; RIM's worst decision to date?"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 11,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PlayBook+has+a+Flash-filled+future%3B+RIM%27s+worst+decision+to+date%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Fblog%2Fbtl%2Fplaybook-has-a-flash-filled-future-rims-worst-decision-to-date%2F63118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-102"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-102"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Joseph Menn (September 9, 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/86cf0890-bc32-11df-8c02-00144feab49a.html#axzz1ay3FpLua">"Apple relaxes app developer rules"</A>. <I>Financial Times</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 16,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Apple+relaxes+app+developer+rules&rft.date=2010-09-09&rft.au=Joseph+Menn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F2%2F86cf0890-bc32-11df-8c02-00144feab49a.html%23axzz1ay3FpLua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-103"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-103"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Gary Marshall (March 8, 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.techradar.com/news/internet/flash-is-coming-to-the-ipad-ipad-2-and-iphone-934133">"Flash is coming to the iPad, iPad 2 and iPhone"</A>. techradar.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 8,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flash+is+coming+to+the+iPad%2C+iPad+2+and+iPhone&rft.pub=techradar.com&rft.date=2011-03-08&rft.au=Gary+Marshall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techradar.com%2Fnews%2Finternet%2Fflash-is-coming-to-the-ipad-ipad-2-and-iphone-934133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-104"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-104"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Jonny Evans (September 9, 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.computerworld.com/18922/adobe_brings_flash_free_flash_to_apple_ipad_iphone">"Adobe brings Flash-free-Flash to Apple iPad, iPhone"</A>. COMPUTERWORLD<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 16,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+brings+Flash-free-Flash+to+Apple+iPad%2C+iPhone&rft.pub=COMPUTERWORLD&rft.date=2011-09-09&rft.au=Jonny+Evans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.computerworld.com%2F18922%2Fadobe_brings_flash_free_flash_to_apple_ipad_iphone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-105"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-105"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.appsverse.com/Browser">"Photon Browser"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 March</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photon+Browser&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.appsverse.com%2FBrowser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-106"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-106"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.puffinbrowser.com/about/">"Puffin Web Browser – About"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">12 February</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Puffin+Web+Browser+%E2%80%93+About&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.puffinbrowser.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-107"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-107"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Hemphill, Kenny (September 15, 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121220235934/http://www.macuser.co.uk/5470-microsoft-ditches-flash-support-in-tablet-version-of-internet-explorer">"Microsoft ditches Flash support in tablet version of Internet Explorer"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/MacUser" title="MacUser">MacUser</A></I>. London: <A href="/wiki/Dennis_Publishing" title="Dennis Publishing">Dennis Publishing</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macuser.co.uk/5470-microsoft-ditches-flash-support-in-tablet-version-of-internet-explorer">the original</A> on December 20, 2012.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MacUser&rft.atitle=Microsoft+ditches+Flash+support+in+tablet+version+of+Internet+Explorer&rft.date=2011-09-15&rft.aulast=Hemphill&rft.aufirst=Kenny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macuser.co.uk%2F5470-microsoft-ditches-flash-support-in-tablet-version-of-internet-explorer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-108"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-108"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Bott, Ed. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-changes-default-flash-behavior-in-windows-8-and-rt/">"Microsoft changes default Flash behavior in Windows 8 and RT"</A>. <I>zdnet.com</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 February</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zdnet.com&rft.atitle=Microsoft+changes+default+Flash+behavior+in+Windows+8+and+RT&rft.aulast=Bott&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fmicrosoft-changes-default-flash-behavior-in-windows-8-and-rt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-flashmobileblog1-109"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-flashmobileblog1_109-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flashmobileblog.com/2010/03/02/flash-player-10-1-installations-and-updates/">"Flash Player 10.1 – Installations and updates"</A>. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101008031022/http://www.flashmobileblog.com/2010/03/02/flash-player-10-1-installations-and-updates/">Archived</A> from the original on October 8, 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 19,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Flash+Player+10.1+%E2%80%93+Installations+and+updates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flashmobileblog.com%2F2010%2F03%2F02%2Fflash-player-10-1-installations-and-updates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-110"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-110"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/in/products/air/tech-specs.html">"Adobe AIR – Tech specs – Adobe AIR – System requirements"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 22,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+AIR+%E2%80%93+Tech+specs+%E2%80%93+Adobe+AIR+%E2%80%93+System+requirements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Fin%2Fproducts%2Fair%2Ftech-specs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-111"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-111"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.adobe.com/flashplayer/2014/04/adobe-air-now-supports-x86-android.html">"Adobe AIR now supports x86 Android"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 22,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+AIR+now+supports+x86+Android&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.adobe.com%2Fflashplayer%2F2014%2F04%2Fadobe-air-now-supports-x86-android.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-helpx.adobe.com-112"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-helpx.adobe.com_112-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-helpx.adobe.com_112-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://helpx.adobe.com/flash-player/release-note/fp_116_air_36_release_notes.html">"Release Notes – Flash Player® 11.6 AIR® 3.6"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 22,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Release+Notes+%E2%80%93+Flash+Player%C2%AE+11.6+AIR%C2%AE+3.6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhelpx.adobe.com%2Fflash-player%2Frelease-note%2Ffp_116_air_36_release_notes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-113"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-113"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9176680/install-air-application-in-android-without-adobe-air">"java – Install Air Application in Android without Adobe Air – Stack Overflow"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 22,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=java+%E2%80%93+Install+Air+Application+in+Android+without+Adobe+Air+%E2%80%93+Stack+Overflow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstackoverflow.com%2Fquestions%2F9176680%2Finstall-air-application-in-android-without-adobe-air&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-114"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-114"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forums.adobe.com/thread/848409">"Android – must install adobe air?"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 22,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Android+%E2%80%93+must+install+adobe+air%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforums.adobe.com%2Fthread%2F848409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-forums.adobe.com-115"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-forums.adobe.com_115-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-forums.adobe.com_115-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forums.adobe.com/docs/DOC-1322">"How are Adobe AIR applications packaged and dep... – Adobe Community"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 22,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+are+Adobe+AIR+applications+packaged+and+dep...+%E2%80%93+Adobe+Community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforums.adobe.com%2Fdocs%2FDOC-1322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-annfp11-116"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-annfp11_116-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.adobe.com/flashplatform/2011/09/announcing-flash-player-11-and-air-3.html">Announcing Flash Player 11 and AIR 3</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120504213731/http://blogs.adobe.com/flashplatform/2011/09/announcing-flash-player-11-and-air-3.html">Archived</A> May 4, 2012, at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>., Adobe Flash Platform Blog</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-117"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-117"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.adobe.com/flashplatform/certified_devices/tablets.html">https://www.adobe.com/flashplatform/certified_devices/tablets.html</A> Retrieved on September 19, 2011.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-118"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-118"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">BlackBerry. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.blackberry.com/air/download/endofsupport/">"End of Support – BlackBerry SDK for Adobe AIR – BlackBerry Developer"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 22,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=End+of+Support+%E2%80%93+BlackBerry+SDK+for+Adobe+AIR+%E2%80%93+BlackBerry+Developer&rft.au=BlackBerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.blackberry.com%2Fair%2Fdownload%2Fendofsupport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-119"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-119"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Moll, Cameron (2007). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NS0t2VF6fooC&pg=PA77&dq=%C2%A0Adobe+Flash+Lite+is+a+lightweight+version+of+Adobe+Flash+Player&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjzh-Th-7PVAhVM82MKHRsPCxwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%C2%A0Adobe%20Flash%20Lite%20is%20a%20lightweight%20version%20of%20Adobe%20Flash%20Player&f=false"><I>Mobile Web Design</I></A>. Lulu.com. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780615185910" title="Special:BookSources/9780615185910">9780615185910</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mobile+Web+Design&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780615185910&rft.aulast=Moll&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNS0t2VF6fooC%26pg%3DPA77%26dq%3D%25C2%25A0Adobe%2BFlash%2BLite%2Bis%2Ba%2Blightweight%2Bversion%2Bof%2BAdobe%2BFlash%2BPlayer%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjzh-Th-7PVAhVM82MKHRsPCxwQ6AEIKDAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%25C2%25A0Adobe%2520Flash%2520Lite%2520is%2520a%2520lightweight%2520version%2520of%2520Adobe%2520Flash%2520Player%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-120"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-120"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Christopher Kramer (August 7, 2012). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.christosoft.de/2012/08/flash-on-the-raspberry-pi">"Flash on the Raspberry Pi"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 12,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flash+on+the+Raspberry+Pi&rft.date=2012-08-07&rft.au=Christopher+Kramer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.christosoft.de%2F2012%2F08%2Fflash-on-the-raspberry-pi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-121"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-121"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openfl.org/showcase/flash/">OpenFL Showcase</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-122"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-122"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/products/flash/flash-to-html5.html">"Flash to HTML5: Learn more about the CreateJS toolkit"</A>. <I>Adobe.com</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adobe.com&rft.atitle=Flash+to+HTML5%3A+Learn+more+about+the+CreateJS+toolkit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Fproducts%2Fflash%2Fflash-to-html5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-123"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-123"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swiffy.googlelabs.com">"Google Swiffy"</A>. <I>Google Labs</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Labs&rft.atitle=Google+Swiffy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswiffy.googlelabs.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-124"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-124"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">L., Maxime. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/groups/Google-just-announced-SWF-HTML5-2868882.S.59811646">"Google just announced a SWF to HTML5 converter"</A>. <I>Linked In Groups: HTML5 Technologies</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linked+In+Groups%3A+HTML5+Technologies&rft.atitle=Google+just+announced+a+SWF+to+HTML5+converter&rft.au=L.%2C+Maxime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fgroups%2FGoogle-just-announced-SWF-HTML5-2868882.S.59811646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-125"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-125"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://youtube-eng.blogspot.com.au/2015/01/youtube-now-defaults-to-html5_27.html">"YouTube now defaults to HTML5 <video>"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">16 July</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=YouTube+now+defaults+to+HTML5+%3Cvideo%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyoutube-eng.blogspot.com.au%2F2015%2F01%2Fyoutube-now-defaults-to-html5_27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-OwenStevens2013-126"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-OwenStevens2013_126-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">RJ Owen; Luke Stevens (2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3c50AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA83"><I>The Truth About HTML5</I></A>. Apress. p. 83. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-6415-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-6415-6">978-1-4302-6415-6</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Truth+About+HTML5&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Apress&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4302-6415-6&rft.au=RJ+Owen&rft.au=Luke+Stevens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3c50AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-127"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-127"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://data.fen-om.com/siggraph/sd/tutorials/html_css_animation/html_css_animation.pdf">http://data.fen-om.com/siggraph/sd/tutorials/html_css_animation/html_css_animation.pdf</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-128"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-128"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/products/flash/pdfs/html_extension_faq_ue.pdf">http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/products/flash/pdfs/html_extension_faq_ue.pdf</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-129"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-129"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808042038/http://www.raymondcamden.com/2013/12/3/Flash-Professional-CC-adds-HTML5-Canvas-Support">"Archived copy"</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raymondcamden.com/2013/12/3/Flash-Professional-CC-adds-HTML5-Canvas-Support">the original</A> on 2014-08-08<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-08-05</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raymondcamden.com%2F2013%2F12%2F3%2FFlash-Professional-CC-adds-HTML5-Canvas-Support&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-130"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-130"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.adobe.com/inspire/2014/02/flash-html5-canvas.html">http://www.adobe.com/inspire/2014/02/flash-html5-canvas.html</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-131"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-131"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/s/gnash/">"Gnash homepage"</A>. Gnu.org<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">September 4,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gnash+homepage&rft.pub=Gnu.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fs%2Fgnash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-132"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-132"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects/changelog">"Changelog for the High Priority Projects list"</A>. Free Software Foundation.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changelog+for+the+High+Priority+Projects+list&rft.pub=Free+Software+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsf.org%2Fcampaigns%2Fpriority-projects%2Fchangelog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-133"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-133"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Nitot, Tristan (April 29, 2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081227145942/http://news.zdnet.com/2424-3515_22-199508.html">"Mozilla warns of Flash and Silverlight 'agenda<SPAN style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</SPAN>"</A>. <A href="/wiki/ZDNet" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.zdnet.com/2424-3515_22-199508.html">the original</A> on December 27, 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">September 4,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mozilla+warns+of+Flash+and+Silverlight+%27agenda%27&rft.pub=ZDNet&rft.date=2008-04-29&rft.aulast=Nitot&rft.aufirst=Tristan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.zdnet.com%2F2424-3515_22-199508.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-134"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-134"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juer_YCitJE&t=11m50s">"Håkon Wium Lie on the video element in HTML 5"</A>. Google Video. 2007-03-29<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-08-14</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H%C3%A5kon+Wium+Lie+on+the+video+element+in+HTML+5&rft.pub=Google+Video&rft.date=2007-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Djuer_YCitJE%26t%3D11m50s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-135"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-135"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYNLYIDZN48&t=22m52s">"Richard Stallman on The free software movement and its challenges"</A>. Australian National University, Canberra, Australia: Google Video. 2004-10-13<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-08-14</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+Stallman+on+The+free+software+movement+and+its+challenges&rft.place=Australian+National+University%2C+Canberra%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Google+Video&rft.date=2004-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DaYNLYIDZN48%26t%3D22m52s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-136"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-136"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Nielsen, Jakob (October 29, 2000). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20001029.html">"Flash: 99% Bad"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 21,</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flash%3A+99%25+Bad&rft.date=2000-10-29&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.useit.com%2Falertbox%2F20001029.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-137"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-137"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://validator.w3.org/docs/help.html#faq-flash">"Help for The W3C Markup Validation Service"</A>. Validator.w3.org<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">January 26,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Help+for+The+W3C+Markup+Validation+Service&rft.pub=Validator.w3.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvalidator.w3.org%2Fdocs%2Fhelp.html%23faq-flash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-138"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-138"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.howtogeek.com/58058/how-to-enable-flashblock-in-chrome-and-make-it-5000-more-secure/">"How to Enable Flashblock in Chrome (And Make it 5000% More Secure)"</A>. How-to Geek. 8 April 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">18 August</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Enable+Flashblock+in+Chrome+%28And+Make+it+5000%25+More+Secure%29&rft.pub=How-to+Geek&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.howtogeek.com%2F58058%2Fhow-to-enable-flashblock-in-chrome-and-make-it-5000-more-secure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-139"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-139"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghacks.net/2012/03/29/firefox-14-to-get-click-to-play-plugin-feature/">"Firefox 14 To Get Click To Play Plugin Feature"</A>. ghacks.net. 29 March 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">18 August</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Firefox+14+To+Get+Click+To+Play+Plugin+Feature&rft.pub=ghacks.net&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghacks.net%2F2012%2F03%2F29%2Ffirefox-14-to-get-click-to-play-plugin-feature%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-140"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-140"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hoyois.github.com/safariextensions/clicktoplugin/">"ClickToFlash"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 27,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ClickToFlash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhoyois.github.com%2Fsafariextensions%2Fclicktoplugin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-141"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-141"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chrome.googleblog.com/2015/06/better-battery-life-for-your-laptop.html">"Better battery life for your laptop"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Better+battery+life+for+your+laptop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchrome.googleblog.com%2F2015%2F06%2Fbetter-battery-life-for-your-laptop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-firefox_embed_rewrite-142"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-firefox_embed_rewrite_142-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/QA/Youtube_Embedded_Rewrite">"QA/Youtube Embedded Rewrite"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">21 May</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QA%2FYoutube+Embedded+Rewrite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.mozilla.org%2FQA%2FYoutube_Embedded_Rewrite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-143"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-143"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://helpx.adobe.com/security.html#flashplayer">"Security bulletins and advisories"</A>. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100406041941/http://www.adobe.com/support/security/">Archived</A> from the original on April 6, 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 27,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Security+bulletins+and+advisories&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelpx.adobe.com%2Fsecurity.html%23flashplayer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-144"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-144"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-27080_3-10396326-245.html">"Expert says Adobe Flash policy is risky"</A>. <A href="/wiki/ZDNet" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</A>. November 12, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 27,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Expert+says+Adobe+Flash+policy+is+risky&rft.pub=ZDNet&rft.date=2009-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnet.com%2F8301-27080_3-10396326-245.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-145"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-145"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zdnet.com/protect-yourself-from-flash-attacks-in-internet-explorer-7000003921/">"Protect yourself from Flash attacks in Internet Explorer"</A>. September 9, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 7,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>I recommend that you disable the Shockwave Flash add-on in IE completely</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Protect+yourself+from+Flash+attacks+in+Internet+Explorer&rft.date=2012-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Fprotect-yourself-from-flash-attacks-in-internet-explorer-7000003921%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-146"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-146"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.us-cert.gov/publications/securing-your-web-browser">"Securing Your Web Browser"</A>. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100326131333/http://www.us-cert.gov/reading_room/securing_browser/">Archived</A> from the original on March 26, 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 27,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Securing+Your+Web+Browser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.us-cert.gov%2Fpublications%2Fsecuring-your-web-browser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-147"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-147"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oneitsecurity.it/01/03/2010/interview-with-charlie-miller-pwn2own/">"Pwn2Own 2010: interview with Charlie Miller"</A>. March 1, 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 27,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pwn2Own+2010%3A+interview+with+Charlie+Miller&rft.date=2010-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oneitsecurity.it%2F01%2F03%2F2010%2Finterview-with-charlie-miller-pwn2own%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-148"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-148"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/how-to-tell-if-adobe-flash-player-update-is-valid/">"How to Tell if Adobe Flash Player Update is Valid"</A>. Intego<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">9 April</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Tell+if+Adobe+Flash+Player+Update+is+Valid&rft.pub=Intego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intego.com%2Fmac-security-blog%2Fhow-to-tell-if-adobe-flash-player-update-is-valid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-149"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-149"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvedetails.com/product/6761/Adobe-Flash-Player.html?vendor_id=53">"Adobe Flash Player : CVE security vulnerabilities, versions and detailed reports"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 12,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>. <Q>291 total vulnerabilities</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+Flash+Player+%3A+CVE+security+vulnerabilities%2C+versions+and+detailed+reports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvedetails.com%2Fproduct%2F6761%2FAdobe-Flash-Player.html%3Fvendor_id%3D53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-150"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-150"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-online.com/security/news/item/Adobe-remedies-webcam-spy-hole-in-Flash-1364631.html">"Adobe remedies webcam spy hole in Flash"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 4,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+remedies+webcam+spy+hole+in+Flash&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.h-online.com%2Fsecurity%2Fnews%2Fitem%2FAdobe-remedies-webcam-spy-hole-in-Flash-1364631.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-151"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-151"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-online.com/security/news/item/Flash-Player-as-a-spy-system-1073161.html">"Flash Player as a spy system"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 4,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flash+Player+as+a+spy+system&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.h-online.com%2Fsecurity%2Fnews%2Fitem%2FFlash-Player-as-a-spy-system-1073161.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-FlashSettings-152"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-FlashSettings_152-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macromedia.com/support/documentation/en/flashplayer/help/settings_manager.html">"Adobe Flash Player Settings Manager"</A>. Adobe Systems. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100620070041/http://www.macromedia.com/support/documentation/en/flashplayer/help/settings_manager.html">Archived</A> from the original on June 20, 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 1,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adobe+Flash+Player+Settings+Manager&rft.pub=Adobe+Systems&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macromedia.com%2Fsupport%2Fdocumentation%2Fen%2Fflashplayer%2Fhelp%2Fsettings_manager.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-153"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-153"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macromedia.com/support/documentation/en/flashplayer/help/settings_manager02.html">"Global Privacy Settings panel"</A>. Adobe Systems<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 4,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Privacy+Settings+panel&rft.pub=Adobe+Systems&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macromedia.com%2Fsupport%2Fdocumentation%2Fen%2Fflashplayer%2Fhelp%2Fsettings_manager02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-154"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-154"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sophos.com/en-us/medialibrary/PDFs/other/sophossecuritythreatreport2013.pdf">"Sophos Security Threat Report 2013"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. Sophos. December 2012. pp. 11, 24<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 9,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sophos+Security+Threat+Report+2013&rft.pages=11%2C+24&rft.pub=Sophos&rft.date=2012-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sophos.com%2Fen-us%2Fmedialibrary%2FPDFs%2Fother%2Fsophossecuritythreatreport2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-155"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-155"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://w3techs.com/technologies/history_overview/client_side_language/all">"Historical trends in the usage of client-side programming languages for websites"</A>, <A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://w3techs.com/">http://w3techs.com/</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-newman-156"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-newman_156-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-newman_156-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fastcompany.com/3049920/tech-forecast/the-agonizingly-slow-decline-of-adobe-flash-player">"The Agonizingly Slow Decline Of Adobe Flash Player"</A>, JARED NEWMAN 08.18.15, fastcompany.com</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-thoughtsFlash-157"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-thoughtsFlash_157-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Jobs, Steve (April 29, 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/hotnews/thoughts-on-flash/">"Thoughts on Flash"</A>. Apple.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2012-06-18</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thoughts+on+Flash&rft.pub=Apple.com&rft.date=2010-04-29&rft.aulast=Jobs&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fhotnews%2Fthoughts-on-flash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-stamos-158"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-stamos_158-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Vincent, James (July 13, 2015). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2015/7/13/8948459/adobe-flash-insecure-says-facebook-cso">"Facebook's new chief security officer wants to set a date to kill Flash"</A>. The Verge<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 14,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facebook%27s+new+chief+security+officer+wants+to+set+a+date+to+kill+Flash&rft.pub=The+Verge&rft.date=2015-07-13&rft.aulast=Vincent&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2015%2F7%2F13%2F8948459%2Fadobe-flash-insecure-says-facebook-cso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-ars-flashblockfirefox-159"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-ars-flashblockfirefox_159-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/security/2015/07/firefox-blacklists-flash-player-due-to-unpatched-0-day-vulnerabilities/">"Firefox blacklists Flash player due to unpatched 0-day vulnerabilities"</A>. <I>Ars Technica</I>. Condé Nast<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 July</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Firefox+blacklists+Flash+player+due+to+unpatched+0-day+vulnerabilities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fsecurity%2F2015%2F07%2Ffirefox-blacklists-flash-player-due-to-unpatched-0-day-vulnerabilities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-160"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-160"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3160644/Google-Mozilla-pull-plug-Adobe-Flash-Tech-giants-disable-program-browsers-following-critical-security-flaw.html">"Google and Mozilla pull the plug on Adobe Flash: Tech giants disable the program on browsers following 'critical' security flaw"</A>. <I>DailyMail</I>. Victoria Woollaston<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">20 October</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMail&rft.atitle=Google+and+Mozilla+pull+the+plug+on+Adobe+Flash%3A+Tech+giants+disable+the+program+on+browsers+following+%27critical%27+security+flaw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fsciencetech%2Farticle-3160644%2FGoogle-Mozilla-pull-plug-Adobe-Flash-Tech-giants-disable-program-browsers-following-critical-security-flaw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-161"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-161"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/6258784">"Adobe Flash has been blocked because it's out of date"</A>. <I>Google Support</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">20 October</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Support&rft.atitle=Adobe+Flash+has+been+blocked+because+it%27s+out+of+date&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.google.com%2Fchrome%2Fanswer%2F6258784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-flashblocksafari-162"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-flashblocksafari_162-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://appleinsider.com/articles/15/10/20/apple-blocks-older-adobe-flash-plug-in-versions-on-os-x">"Apple blocks old, unsafe Adobe Flash plug-in versions in OS X Safari"</A>. <I>Apple Insider</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">24 October</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+Insider&rft.atitle=Apple+blocks+old%2C+unsafe+Adobe+Flash+plug-in+versions+in+OS+X+Safari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fappleinsider.com%2Farticles%2F15%2F10%2F20%2Fapple-blocks-older-adobe-flash-plug-in-versions-on-os-x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-163"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-163"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">"Soltani, Ashkan, Canty, Shannon, Mayo, Quentin, Thomas, Lauren and Hoofnagle, Chris Jay: Flash Cookies and Privacy". August 10, 2009. <A href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Network" title="Social Science Research Network">SSRN</A> <SPAN class="plainlinks"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//ssrn.com/abstract=1446862">1446862</A> <IMG alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" title="Freely accessible" width="9" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Soltani%2C+Ashkan%2C+Canty%2C+Shannon%2C+Mayo%2C+Quentin%2C+Thomas%2C+Lauren+and+Hoofnagle%2C+Chris+Jay%3A+Flash+Cookies+and+Privacy&rft.date=2009-08-10&rft_id=%2F%2Fssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D1446862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> <SPAN style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Missing or empty <CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</CODE> (<A href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</A>);</SPAN> <SPAN style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</CODE> requires <CODE style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</CODE> (<A href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-164"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-164"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epic.org/privacy/cookies/flash.html">"Local Shared Objects – "Flash Cookies<SPAN style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</SPAN>"</A>. Electronic Privacy Information Center. July 21, 2005. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100416041024/http://epic.org/privacy/cookies/flash.html">Archived</A> from the original on April 16, 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 8,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Shared+Objects+%E2%80%93+%22Flash+Cookies%22&rft.pub=Electronic+Privacy+Information+Center&rft.date=2005-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepic.org%2Fprivacy%2Fcookies%2Fflash.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-165"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-165"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kb2.adobe.com/cps/526/52697ee8.html">"How to manage and disable Local Shared Objects"</A>. Adobe Systems Inc. September 9, 2005<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 8,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+manage+and+disable+Local+Shared+Objects&rft.pub=Adobe+Systems+Inc.&rft.date=2005-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkb2.adobe.com%2Fcps%2F526%2F52697ee8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdobe+Flash" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Flash&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><SPAN class="official-website"><SPAN class="url"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/products/flashruntimes.html">Official website</A></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Adobe_Flash" style="padding:3px">
<TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit" id="collapsibleTable0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton0" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>
<DIV class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">
<UL>
<LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Adobe_Flash" title="Template:Adobe Flash"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adobe_Flash" title="Template talk:Adobe Flash"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Adobe_Flash&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">e</ABBR></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<DIV id="Adobe_Flash" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Adobe Flash</A></DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">File<BR />
formats</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</A> <SPAN style="font-size:90%;">(AS)</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Action_Message_Format" title="Action Message Format">Action Message Format</A> <SPAN style="font-size:90%;">(AMF)</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flash_Video" title="Flash Video">Flash Video</A> <SPAN style="font-size:90%;">(FLV)</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/FXG" title="FXG">Flash XML Graphics</A> <SPAN style="font-size:90%;">(FXG)</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Local_shared_object" title="Local shared object">Local shared objects</A> <SPAN style="font-size:90%;">(LSOs)</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/MXML" title="MXML">MXML</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">Flash Movie</A> <SPAN style="font-size:90%;">(SWF)</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_SWC_file" title="Adobe SWC file">Flash Code Library</A> <SPAN style="font-size:90%;">(SWC)</SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px">
<DIV><A href="/wiki/File:Adobe_Flash_Player_v11_icon.png" class="image"><IMG alt="Adobe Flash Player v11 icon.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Adobe_Flash_Player_v11_icon.png/80px-Adobe_Flash_Player_v11_icon.png" width="80" height="80" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Adobe_Flash_Player_v11_icon.png/120px-Adobe_Flash_Player_v11_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Adobe_Flash_Player_v11_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></A></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software<BR />
(<A href="/wiki/List_of_Adobe_Flash_software" title="List of Adobe Flash software">list</A>)</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Players</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_AIR" title="Adobe AIR">Adobe AIR</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player" title="Adobe Flash Player">Adobe Flash Player</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/OpenFL" title="OpenFL">OpenFL</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gnash_(software)" title="Gnash (software)">Gnash</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lightspark" title="Lightspark">Lightspark</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gameswf" title="Gameswf">Gameswf</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tamarin_(software)" title="Tamarin (software)">Tamarin</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/List_of_2D_animation_software" title="List of 2D animation software">Animation<BR />
tools</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Animate" title="Adobe Animate">Adobe Animate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Toon_Boom_Animation" title="Toon Boom Animation">Toon Boom</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Moho_(Anime_Studio)" title="Moho (Anime Studio)">Moho</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/GoAnimate" title="GoAnimate">GoAnimate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Stencyl" title="Stencyl">Stencyl</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">Programming<BR />
tools</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/FlashDevelop" title="FlashDevelop">FlashDevelop</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Powerflasher_FDT" title="Powerflasher FDT">Powerflasher FDT</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Apache_Flex" title="Apache Flex">Apache Flex</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Haxe" title="Haxe">Haxe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/CrossBridge" title="CrossBridge">CrossBridge</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Scout" title="Adobe Scout">Adobe Scout</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Firebug_(software)#FlashFirebug" title="Firebug (software)">FlashFirebug</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">Libraries</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Starling_Framework" title="Starling Framework">Starling Framework</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Away3D" title="Away3D">Away3D</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flare3D" title="Flare3D">Flare3D</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Stage3D" title="Stage3D">Stage3D</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/PureMVC" title="PureMVC">PureMVC</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ming_library" title="Ming library">Ming</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Flex_frameworks" title="List of Flex frameworks">List of Flex frameworks</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Converters</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Media_Live_Encoder" title="Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder">Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/SWFTools" title="SWFTools">SWFTools</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Swfmill" title="Swfmill">swfmill</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Google_Swiffy" title="Google Swiffy">Google Swiffy</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Wallaby" title="Adobe Wallaby">Adobe Wallaby</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Server-side</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Media_Server" title="Adobe Flash Media Server">Adobe Flash Media Server</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete<BR />
software</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Builder" title="Adobe Flash Builder">Adobe Flash Builder</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Catalyst" title="Adobe Flash Catalyst">Adobe Flash Catalyst</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Lite" title="Adobe Flash Lite">Adobe Flash Lite</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/SWFAddress" title="SWFAddress">SWFAddress</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/SWFObject" title="SWFObject">SWFObject</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/MTASC" title="MTASC">MTASC</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Scaleform_GFx" title="Scaleform GFx">Scaleform GFx</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Shumway_(software)" title="Shumway (software)">Shumway</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Swfdec" title="Swfdec">Swfdec</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/OpenLaszlo" title="OpenLaszlo">OpenLaszlo</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<BR />
topics</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Comparison_of_HTML5_and_Flash" title="Comparison of HTML5 and Flash">Comparison of HTML5 and Flash</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Apple_and_Adobe_Flash_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and Adobe Flash controversy">Apple and Adobe Flash controversy</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Flash_animation" title="Flash animation">Flash animation</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Flash_animated_films" title="List of Flash animated films">films</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Flash_animated_television_series" title="List of Flash animated television series">television</A></LI>
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</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Protected_Streaming" title="Protected Streaming">Protected Streaming</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Real-Time_Media_Flow_Protocol" title="Real-Time Media Flow Protocol">Real-Time Media Flow Protocol</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/FutureWave_Software" title="FutureWave Software">FutureWave Software</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Macromedia" title="Macromedia">Macromedia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current products</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Acrobat" title="Adobe Acrobat">Acrobat</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Bridge" title="Adobe Bridge">Bridge</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Dreamweaver" title="Adobe Dreamweaver">Dreamweaver</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Prelude" title="Adobe Prelude">Prelude</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Premiere_Pro" title="Adobe Premiere Pro">Premiere Pro</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Spark" title="Adobe Spark">Spark</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former products</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Contribute" title="Adobe Contribute">Contribute</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Device_Central" title="Adobe Device Central">Device Central</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Edge" title="Adobe Edge">Edge</A>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Edge_Animate" title="Adobe Edge Animate">Edge Animate</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Encore" title="Adobe Encore">Encore</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Catalyst" title="Adobe Flash Catalyst">Flash Catalyst</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Fireworks" title="Adobe Fireworks">Fireworks</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_GoLive" title="Adobe GoLive">GoLive</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_ImageReady" title="Adobe ImageReady">ImageReady</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_OnLocation" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe OnLocation">OnLocation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Soundbooth" title="Adobe Soundbooth">Soundbooth</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Stock_Photos" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Stock Photos">Stock Photos</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Ultra" title="Adobe Ultra">Ultra</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current products</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
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<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Captivate" title="Adobe Captivate">Captivate</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Bridge" title="Adobe Bridge">Bridge</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/List_of_Adobe_software" title="List of Adobe software">Software</A></TH>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suites</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Creative_Cloud" title="Adobe Creative Cloud">Creative Cloud</A> (<A href="/wiki/Adobe_Creative_Suite" title="Adobe Creative Suite">Creative Suite</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_eLearning_Suite" title="Adobe eLearning Suite">eLearning Suite</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Technical_Communication_Suite" title="Adobe Technical Communication Suite">Technical Communication Suite</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desktop</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Animate" title="Adobe Animate">Animate</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_After_Effects" title="Adobe After Effects">After Effects</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Brackets_(text_editor)" title="Brackets (text editor)">Brackets</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Edge_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Edge Code">Edge Code</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Edge_Reflow" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Edge Reflow">Edge Reflow</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Digital_Editions" title="Adobe Digital Editions">Digital Editions</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Director" title="Adobe Director">Director</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Dreamweaver" title="Adobe Dreamweaver">Dreamweaver</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_FrameMaker" title="Adobe FrameMaker">FrameMaker</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_FreeHand" title="Adobe FreeHand">FreeHand</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player" title="Adobe Flash Player">Flash Player</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flex_Builder" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Flex Builder">Flex Builder</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_GoLive" title="Adobe GoLive">GoLive</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator" title="Adobe Illustrator">Illustrator</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_InDesign" title="Adobe InDesign">InDesign</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Media_Encoder" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Media Encoder">Media Encoder</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Media_Player" title="Adobe Media Player">Media Player</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Muse" title="Adobe Muse">Muse</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_PageMaker" title="Adobe PageMaker">PageMaker</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Premiere_Pro" title="Adobe Premiere Pro">Premiere Pro</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Acrobat" title="Adobe Acrobat">Reader</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Shockwave_Player" title="Adobe Shockwave Player">Shockwave Player</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_LiveCycle" title="Adobe LiveCycle">LiveCycle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Media_Server" title="Adobe Flash Media Server">Flash Media Server</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/BlazeDS" title="BlazeDS">BlazeDS</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_ColdFusion" title="Adobe ColdFusion">ColdFusion</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_JRun" title="Adobe JRun">JRun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Apache_Cordova" title="Apache Cordova">PhoneGap Build</A></LI>
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<DIV><A href="/wiki/File:Adobe_HQ.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Adobe HQ.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Adobe_HQ.jpg/200px-Adobe_HQ.jpg" width="200" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Adobe_HQ.jpg/300px-Adobe_HQ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Adobe_HQ.jpg/400px-Adobe_HQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2154" /></A></DIV>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_AIR" title="Adobe AIR">Adobe AIR</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Digital_Negative" title="Digital Negative">Digital Negative</A> (DNG)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Authorware" title="Adobe Authorware">Authorware</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/FlashPaper" title="FlashPaper">FlashPaper</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" title="Portable Document Format">Portable Document Format</A> (PDF)</LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web services</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Acrobat.com" title="Acrobat.com">Acrobat.com</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Solutions_Network" title="Adobe Solutions Network">Adobe Solutions Network</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop_Express" title="Adobe Photoshop Express">Adobe Photoshop Express</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Premiere_Express" title="Adobe Premiere Express">Adobe Premiere Express</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Spark" title="Adobe Spark">Adobe Spark</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adobe_Stock" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Stock">Adobe Stock</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Adobe_Systems" title="List of acquisitions by Adobe Systems">Acquisitions</A></TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Aldus" title="Aldus">Aldus</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Scene7" title="Scene7">Scene7</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Omniture" title="Omniture">Omniture</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Behance" title="Behance">Behance</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fotolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotolia">Fotolia</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Bruce_Chizen" title="Bruce Chizen">Bruce Chizen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Charles_Geschke" title="Charles Geschke">Charles Geschke</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shantanu_Narayen" title="Shantanu Narayen">Shantanu Narayen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/John_Warnock" title="John Warnock">John Warnock</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Del_Yocam" title="Del Yocam">Del Yocam</A></LI>
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hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><A href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><A href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A9" title="אדובי פלאש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><A href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Jawa</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn"><A href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಡೋಬ್ ಫ್ಲ್ಯಾಶ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><A href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><A href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><A href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><A href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><A href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E2%80%8D%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B6" title="अ‍ॅडोबे फ्लॅश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz"><A href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="ادوبى فلاش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><A href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><A href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue"><A href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><A href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><A href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si"><A href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%91%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A" title="ඇඩෝබි ෆ්ලෑෂ් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><A href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><A href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><A href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><A href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="அடோபி விளாசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><A href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D" title="అడోబ్ ఫ్లాష్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><A href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A" title="อะโดบี แฟลช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg"><A href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><A href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI>				</UL>
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document_title: Adobe Flash

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question_text: what is the use of adobe flash cs3 professional