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<TITLE>The Great Gatsby - Wikipedia</TITLE>

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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><I>The Great Gatsby</I></H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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				<DIV id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><DIV class="mw-parser-output"><DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the novel. For the film, TV and opera adaptations, see <A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="The Great Gatsby (disambiguation)">The Great Gatsby (disambiguation)</A>.</DIV>
<TABLE class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em">
<CAPTION style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0.2em;">The Great Gatsby</CAPTION>
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><A href="/wiki/File:TheGreatGatsby_1925jacket.jpeg" class="image"><IMG alt="TheGreatGatsby 1925jacket.jpeg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/TheGreatGatsby_1925jacket.jpeg/220px-TheGreatGatsby_1925jacket.jpeg" width="220" height="329" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f7/TheGreatGatsby_1925jacket.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="386" /></A>
<DIV>Cover of the first edition in 1925.</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Author</TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Cover artist</TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Francis_Cugat" title="Francis Cugat">Francis Cugat</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Country</TH>
<TD><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Language</TH>
<TD>English</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Genre</TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Published</TH>
<TD>April 10, 1925<BR />
(<A href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Charles Scribner's Sons</A>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Media type</TH>
<TD>Print (<A href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">hardcover</A> & <A href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</A>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Preceded by</TH>
<TD><I><A href="/wiki/The_Beautiful_and_Damned" title="The Beautiful and Damned">The Beautiful and Damned</A></I> (1922)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row">Followed by</TH>
<TD><I><A href="/wiki/Tender_Is_the_Night" title="Tender Is the Night">Tender Is the Night</A></I> (1934)</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><I><B>The Great Gatsby</B></I> is a <A href="/wiki/1925_in_literature" title="1925 in literature">1925 novel</A> written by American author <A href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</A> that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous <A href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</A> in the summer of 1922. The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire <A href="/wiki/Jay_Gatsby" title="Jay Gatsby">Jay Gatsby</A> and his quixotic passion and <A href="/wiki/Fixation_(psychology)" title="Fixation (psychology)">obsession</A> for the beautiful former <A href="/wiki/Debutante" title="Debutante">debutante</A> Daisy Buchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald's <A href="/wiki/Masterpiece" title="Masterpiece">magnum opus</A>, <I>The Great Gatsby</I> explores themes of <A href="/wiki/Decadence" title="Decadence">decadence</A>, <A href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">idealism</A>, resistance to change, social upheaval, and excess, creating a portrait of the <A href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</A> or the <A href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</A> that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the <A href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-karolides2011_1-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-karolides2011-1">[1]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Fitzgerald—inspired by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island's north shore—began planning the novel in 1923, desiring to produce, in his words, "something <I>new</I>—something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned."<SUP id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-3">[3]</A></SUP> Progress was slow, with Fitzgerald completing his first draft following a move to the <A href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</A> in 1924. His editor, <A href="/wiki/Maxwell_Perkins" title="Maxwell Perkins">Maxwell Perkins</A>, felt the book was vague and persuaded the author to revise over the following winter. Fitzgerald was repeatedly ambivalent about the book's title and he considered a variety of alternatives, including titles that referenced the Roman character <A href="/wiki/Trimalchio" title="Trimalchio">Trimalchio</A>; the title he was last documented to have desired was <I>Under the Red, White, and Blue.</I></P>
<P>First published by <A href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Scribner's</A> in April 1925, <I>The Great Gatsby</I> received mixed reviews and sold poorly; in its first year, the book sold only 20,000 copies. Fitzgerald died in 1940, believing himself to be a failure and his work forgotten. However, the novel experienced a revival during <A href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</A>, and became a part of American high school curricula and numerous stage and film adaptations in the following decades. Today, <I>The Great Gatsby</I> is widely considered to be a literary classic and a contender for the title "<A href="/wiki/Great_American_Novel" title="Great American Novel">Great American Novel</A>." In 1998, the <A href="/wiki/Modern_Library" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</A> editorial board voted it the 20th century's best American novel and second best English-language novel of the same time period.<SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP></P>
<P></P>
<DIV id="toc" class="toc">
<DIV class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">
<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Historical_context"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Historical context</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#Plot_summary"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Plot summary</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><A href="#Major_characters"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Major characters</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><A href="#Writing_and_production"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Writing and production</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#Cover_art"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Cover art</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><A href="#Title"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Title</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><A href="#Themes"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Themes</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><A href="#Reception"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Reception</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><A href="#Legacy_and_modern_analysis"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Legacy and modern analysis</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><A href="#Adaptations"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Adaptations</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><A href="#Ballet"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Ballet</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><A href="#Computer_games"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Computer games</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><A href="#Film_and_television"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Film and television</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><A href="#Literature"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Literature</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><A href="#Opera"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Opera</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><A href="#Radio"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Radio</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><A href="#Theater"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Theater</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><A href="#Notes"><SPAN class="tocnumber">12</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Notes</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">13</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><A href="#Bibliography"><SPAN class="tocnumber">13.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Bibliography</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">14</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<P></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Historical_context">Historical context</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical context">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Set on the prosperous Long Island of 1922, <I>The Great Gatsby</I> provides a critical social history of America during the <A href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</A> within its fictional narrative. That era, known for unprecedented economic prosperity, the evolution of jazz music <A href="/wiki/Flapper" title="Flapper">flapper</A> culture, new technologies in communication (motion pictures, broadcast radio, recorded music) forging a genuine mass culture; and <A href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">bootlegging</A>, along with other criminal activity, is plausibly depicted in Fitzgerald's novel. Fitzgerald uses many of these societal developments of the 1920s that were to build Gatsby's stories from many of the simple details like automobiles to broader themes like Fitzgerald's discreet allusions to the organized crime culture which was the source of Gatsby's fortune.<SUP id="cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_53–54_5-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Bruccoli_2000_53–54-5">[5]</A></SUP> Fitzgerald depicts the garish society of the Roaring Twenties by placing the book's plotline within the historical context of the era.<SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Fitzgerald's visits to Long Island's north shore and his experience attending parties at mansions inspired <I>The Great Gatsby</I><SPAN class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</SPAN>s setting. Today, there are a number of theories as to which mansion was the inspiration for the book. One possibility is Land's End, a notable <A href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_Mansions" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Coast Mansions">Gold Coast Mansion</A> where Fitzgerald may have attended a party.<SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP> Many of the events in Fitzgerald's early life are reflected throughout <I>The Great Gatsby</I>. Fitzgerald was a young man from Minnesota, and like Nick, he was educated at an Ivy League school, Princeton (in Nick's case, Yale). Fitzgerald is also similar to Jay Gatsby, in that he fell in love while stationed far from home in the military and fell into a life of decadence trying to prove himself to the girl he loved. Fitzgerald became a second lieutenant, and was stationed at Camp Sheridan, in Montgomery, Alabama. There he met and fell in love with a wild seventeen-year-old beauty named Zelda Sayre. Zelda finally agreed to marry him, but her preference for wealth, fun, and leisure led her to delay their wedding until he could prove a success.<SUP id="cite_ref-sparknotes1_8-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-sparknotes1-8">[8]</A></SUP> Like Nick in <I>The Great Gatsby</I>, Fitzgerald found this new lifestyle seductive and exciting, and, like Gatsby, he had always idolized the very rich.<SUP id="cite_ref-sparknotes1_8-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-sparknotes1-8">[8]</A></SUP> In many ways, <I>The Great Gatsby</I> represents Fitzgerald's attempt to confront his conflicting feelings about the Jazz Age. Like Gatsby, Fitzgerald was driven by his love for a woman who symbolized everything he wanted, even as she led him toward everything he despised.<SUP id="cite_ref-sparknotes1_8-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-sparknotes1-8">[8]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In her book <I>Careless People: Murder, Mayhem and the Invention of 'The Great Gatsby</I> (2013), <A href="/wiki/Sarah_Churchwell" title="Sarah Churchwell">Sarah Churchwell</A> speculates that parts of the ending of <I>The Great Gatsby</I> were based on the <A href="/wiki/Hall%E2%80%93Mills_murder_case" title="Hall–Mills murder case">Hall-Mills Case</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP> Based on her forensic search for clues, she asserts that the two victims in the Hall-Mills murder case inspired the characters who were murdered in <I>The Great Gatsby</I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Plot_summary">Plot summary</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Plot summary">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The main events of the novel take place in the summer of 1922. Nick Carraway, a <A href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</A> graduate and veteran of the <A href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">Great War</A> from the <A href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</A>—who serves as the novel's narrator—takes a job in New York as a <A href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bond</A> salesman. He rents a small house on <A href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</A>, in the fictional village of West Egg, next door to the lavish mansion of <A href="/wiki/Jay_Gatsby" title="Jay Gatsby">Jay Gatsby</A>, a mysterious multi-millionaire who holds extravagant parties but does not participate in them. Nick drives around the bay to East Egg for dinner at the home of his cousin, Daisy Fay Buchanan, and her husband, Tom, a college acquaintance of Nick's. They introduce Nick to Jordan Baker, an attractive, cynical young golfer with whom Nick begins a romantic relationship. She reveals to Nick that Tom has a <A href="/wiki/Extramarital_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Extramarital affair">mistress</A>, Myrtle Wilson, who lives in the "<A href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows%E2%80%93Corona_Park" title="Flushing Meadows–Corona Park">valley of ashes</A>",<SUP id="cite_ref-corona_11-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-corona-11">[11]</A></SUP> an industrial dumping ground between West Egg and New York City. Not long after this revelation, Nick travels to New York City with Tom and Myrtle to an apartment Tom keeps for his affairs with Myrtle and others. At Tom's New York apartment, a vulgar and bizarre party takes place. It ends with Tom breaking Myrtle's nose after she annoys him by saying Daisy's name several times.</P>
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The <A href="/wiki/Plaza_Hotel" title="Plaza Hotel">Plaza Hotel</A> in the early-1920s</DIV>
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<P>As the summer progresses, Nick eventually receives an invitation to one of Gatsby's parties. Nick encounters Jordan Baker at the party, and they meet Gatsby himself, an aloof and surprisingly young man who recognizes Nick from their same <A href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">division</A> in the Great War. Through Jordan, Nick later learns that Gatsby knew Daisy through a purely chance meeting in 1917, when Daisy and her friends were doing volunteer services' work with young Officers headed to Europe. From their brief meetings and casual encounters at that time, Gatsby became (and still is) deeply in love with Daisy. Even more, he became obsessed with the idea of her, and the ideal of living in the world he saw her living in, as the fulfillment of all the possible dreams he could ever have.</P>
<P>Jordan confides in Nick that the only reason Gatsby bought the mansion is because it was across the bay from Tom and Daisy's home, and that Gatsby's extravagant lifestyle and wild parties were an attempt to impress Daisy and raise her curiosity about her "anonymous" neighbor across the bay. Gatsby had hoped that one day curiosity would have brought the unsuspecting Daisy to appear at his doorstep, and thereby he'd be able to present himself as a "new man", now of wealth and position, and now able to join her at her side and within her world. That however never played out, and although Tom had been invited (as a guest of Jordan's) to a Gatsby party and had attended more than one of them, both he and Daisy had (for different reasons) never responded affirmatively to an RSVP to attend as the Buchanans (Mr. and Mrs.). The deeper reasons behind this fact are expanded upon later in the story by Daisy. His research of Nick, who has so fortuitously rented the small cottage next door to Gatsby's mansion, results in a wholly new approach to his problem of how to introduce Daisy to the "new" J. Gatsby.</P>
<P>The whole purpose of the "invitation" to Nick to attend a Gatsby party was to develop a relationship with him so that Gatsby could later ask Nick to arrange a reunion between himself and Daisy. Nick invites Daisy to have tea at his house without telling her that Gatsby will also be there. After an initially awkward reunion, Gatsby and Daisy reestablish their connection. They begin an affair and, after a short time, Tom grows increasingly suspicious of his wife's relationship with Gatsby. At a luncheon at the Buchanans' house, Daisy speaks to Gatsby with such undisguised intimacy that Tom realizes she is in love with Gatsby. Though Tom is himself involved in an extramarital affair, he is outraged by his wife's infidelity. He forces the group to drive into New York City and confronts Gatsby in a suite at the <A href="/wiki/Plaza_Hotel" title="Plaza Hotel">Plaza Hotel</A>, asserting that he and Daisy have a history that Gatsby could never understand. In addition to that, he announces to his wife that Gatsby is a criminal whose fortune comes from <A href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">bootlegging alcohol</A> and other illegal activities. Daisy realizes that her allegiance is to Tom, and Tom contemptuously sends her back to East Egg with Gatsby, attempting to prove that Gatsby cannot hurt her.</P>
<P>When Nick, Jordan, and Tom drive through the valley of ashes on their way home, they discover that Gatsby's car has struck and killed Tom's mistress, Myrtle. Nick later learns from Gatsby that Daisy, not Gatsby himself, was driving the car at the time of the accident but Gatsby took the blame. Myrtle's husband, George, falsely concludes that the driver of the yellow car is the secret lover he recently began suspecting she has, and sets out on foot to find him. After finding out the yellow car is Gatsby's, he arrives at Gatsby's mansion where he fatally shoots Gatsby and then himself. Nick stages an unsettlingly small funeral for Gatsby in which none of Gatsby's associates or partygoers attend. Later, Nick runs into Tom in New York and finds out that Tom had told George that Gatsby was Myrtle's secret lover and that Gatsby had killed her, then gave Gatsby's address to George. Nick breaks up with Jordan, and, disillusioned with the East, moves back to the Midwest.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Major_characters">Major characters</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Major characters">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Nick_Carraway" title="Nick Carraway">Nick Carraway</A></B> – a <A href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</A> graduate originating from the Midwest, a World <SPAN class="nowrap">War I</SPAN> veteran, and, at the start of the plot, a newly arrived resident of West Egg, who is aged 29 (later 30). He also serves as the <A href="/wiki/First-person_narrator" class="mw-redirect" title="First-person narrator">first-person narrator</A> of the novel. He is Gatsby's next-door neighbor and a bond salesman. He is easy-going, occasionally sarcastic, and somewhat optimistic, although this latter quality fades as the novel progresses. He is a more grounded character than the others, and more practical, and is always in awe of other character's lifestyles and morals.</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Jay_Gatsby" title="Jay Gatsby">Jay Gatsby</A></B> (originally <B>James "Jimmy" Gatz</B>) – a young, mysterious millionaire with shady business connections (later revealed to be a <A href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">bootlegger</A>), originally from <A href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</A>. He is obsessed with Daisy Buchanan, a beautiful <A href="/wiki/Debutante" title="Debutante">debutante</A> from Louisville, Kentucky whom he had met when he was a young <A href="/wiki/Military_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Military officer">military officer</A> stationed at the Army's Camp Taylor in Louisville during World <SPAN class="nowrap">War I</SPAN>. Fitzgerald himself was actually based at Camp Taylor in Louisville when he was in the Army and makes various references to Louisville in the novel, including the Seelbach Hotel where the Buchanan party stayed while in town for Tom and Daisy's wedding. The character is based on the bootlegger and former World <SPAN class="nowrap">War I</SPAN> officer, Max Gerlach, according to <I>Some Sort of Epic Grandeur</I>, Matthew J. Bruccoli's biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Gatsby is said to have briefly studied at <A href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Oxford" title="Trinity College, Oxford">Trinity College, Oxford</A> in <A href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</A> after the end of World <SPAN class="nowrap">War I</SPAN>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Oxford_12-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Oxford-12">[12]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Daisy_Buchanan" title="Daisy Buchanan">Daisy Fay Buchanan</A></B> – an attractive and effervescent, if shallow and self-absorbed, young Louisville, Kentucky <A href="/wiki/Debutante" title="Debutante">debutante</A> and <A href="/wiki/Socialite" title="Socialite">socialite</A>, identified as a <A href="/wiki/Flapper" title="Flapper">flapper</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-13">[13]</A></SUP> She is Nick's second <A href="/wiki/Cousin" title="Cousin">cousin</A>, once removed, and the wife of Tom Buchanan. Daisy is believed to have been inspired by Fitzgerald's own youthful romances with <A href="/wiki/Ginevra_King" title="Ginevra King">Ginevra King</A>. Daisy once had a romantic relationship with Gatsby, before she married Tom. Her choice between Gatsby and Tom is one of the central conflicts in the novel.</LI>
<LI><B>Thomas (or Tom) Buchanan</B> – a millionaire who lives on East Egg, and Daisy's husband. Tom is an imposing man of muscular build with a "husky tenor" voice and arrogant demeanor. He is a former football star at <A href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</A>. Buchanan has parallels with William Mitchell, the Chicagoan who married Ginevra King. Buchanan and Mitchell were both Chicagoans with an interest in <A href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">polo</A>. Like Ginevra's father, whom Fitzgerald resented, Buchanan attended <A href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</A> and is a <A href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacist</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-B911_14-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-B911-14">[14]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><B>Jordan Baker</B> – A professional golfer and Daisy Buchanan's long-time friend with a sarcastic streak and an aloof attitude. She is Nick Carraway's girlfriend for most of the novel, though they grow apart towards the end. She has a slightly shady reputation amongst the New York social elite due to her habit of being evasive and untruthful with her friends and lovers. Fitzgerald told Maxwell Perkins that Jordan was based on the golfer <A href="/wiki/Edith_Cummings" title="Edith Cummings">Edith Cummings</A>, a friend of Ginevra King.<SUP id="cite_ref-B911_14-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-B911-14">[14]</A></SUP> Her name is a play on the two popular automobile brands, the <A href="/wiki/Jordan_Motor_Car_Company" title="Jordan Motor Car Company">Jordan Motor Car Company</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Baker_Motor_Vehicle" title="Baker Motor Vehicle">Baker Motor Vehicle</A>, alluding to Jordan's "fast" reputation and the freedom now presented to Americans, especially women, in the 1920s.<SUP id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-15">[15]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-16">[16]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[17]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><B>George B. Wilson</B> – a mechanic and owner of a garage. He is disliked by both his wife, Myrtle Wilson, and Tom Buchanan, who describes him as "so dumb he doesn't know he's alive". One interpretation of the novel's ending is that he learns of the death of his wife, he shoots and kills Gatsby, wrongly believing he had been driving the car that killed Myrtle, and then kills himself.</LI>
<LI><B>Myrtle Wilson</B> – George's wife, and Tom Buchanan's mistress. Myrtle, who possesses a fierce vitality, is desperate to find refuge from her complacent marriage, but unfortunately this leads to her tragic ending. She is accidentally killed by Gatsby's car (driven by Daisy, though Gatsby insists he would take the blame for the accident).</LI>
<LI><B>Meyer Wolfshiem</B><SUP id="cite_ref-first_20-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-first-20">[note 1]</A></SUP> – a <A href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</A> friend and mentor of Gatsby's, described as a gambler who fixed the <A href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</A>. Wolfshiem appears only twice in the novel, the second time refusing to attend Gatsby's funeral. He is a clear <A href="/wiki/Allusion" title="Allusion">allusion</A> to <A href="/wiki/Arnold_Rothstein" title="Arnold Rothstein">Arnold Rothstein</A>, a New York crime kingpin who was notoriously blamed for the <A href="/wiki/Black_Sox_Scandal" title="Black Sox Scandal">Black Sox Scandal</A> which tainted the <A href="/wiki/1919_World_Series" title="1919 World Series">1919 World Series</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-21">[20]</A></SUP></LI>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Writing_and_production">Writing and production</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Writing and production">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<DIV class="thumbimage"><A href="/wiki/File:Beacon_Towers_from_the_beach_1920.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Beacon Towers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Beacon_Towers_from_the_beach_1920.jpg/280px-Beacon_Towers_from_the_beach_1920.jpg" width="280" height="162" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Beacon_Towers_from_the_beach_1920.jpg/420px-Beacon_Towers_from_the_beach_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Beacon_Towers_from_the_beach_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="279" /></A></DIV>
<DIV class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left">The now-demolished <A href="/wiki/Beacon_Towers" title="Beacon Towers">Beacon Towers</A> served as an inspiration for Gatsby's home</DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbimage"><A href="/wiki/File:Oheka_Castle_0818b.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="Oheka Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Oheka_Castle_0818b.JPG/280px-Oheka_Castle_0818b.JPG" width="280" height="157" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Oheka_Castle_0818b.JPG/420px-Oheka_Castle_0818b.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Oheka_Castle_0818b.JPG/560px-Oheka_Castle_0818b.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1769" data-file-height="995" /></A></DIV>
<DIV class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"><A href="/wiki/Oheka_Castle" title="Oheka Castle">Oheka Castle</A> was another North Shore inspiration for the novel's setting</DIV>
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<P>Fitzgerald began planning his third novel in June 1922,<SUP id="cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_53–54_5-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Bruccoli_2000_53–54-5">[5]</A></SUP> but it was interrupted by production of his play, <I><A href="/wiki/The_Vegetable,_or_From_President_to_Postman" title="The Vegetable, or From President to Postman">The Vegetable</A></I>, in the summer and fall.<SUP id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-22">[21]</A></SUP> The play failed miserably, and Fitzgerald worked that winter on magazine stories struggling to pay his debt caused by the production.<SUP id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-23">[22]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP> The stories were, in his words, "all trash and it nearly broke my heart,"<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP> although included among those stories was "<A href="/wiki/Winter_Dreams" title="Winter Dreams">Winter Dreams</A>", which Fitzgerald later described as "a sort of first draft of the Gatsby idea".<SUP id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-25">[24]</A></SUP></P>
<P>After the birth of their child, the Fitzgeralds moved to <A href="/wiki/Great_Neck,_New_York" title="Great Neck, New York">Great Neck, New York</A>, on <A href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</A>, in October 1922. The town was used as the scene of <I>The Great Gatsby</I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-26">[25]</A></SUP> Fitzgerald's neighbors in Great Neck included such prominent and newly wealthy New Yorkers as writer <A href="/wiki/Ring_Lardner" title="Ring Lardner">Ring Lardner</A>, actor <A href="/wiki/Lew_Fields" title="Lew Fields">Lew Fields</A>, and comedian <A href="/wiki/Ed_Wynn" title="Ed Wynn">Ed Wynn</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_53–54_5-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Bruccoli_2000_53–54-5">[5]</A></SUP> These figures were all considered to be "<A href="/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche">new money</A>", unlike those who came from <A href="/wiki/Manhasset_Bay" title="Manhasset Bay">Manhasset Neck</A> or <A href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Long_Island)" title="North Shore (Long Island)">Cow Neck Peninsula</A>, places which were home to many of New York's wealthiest established families, and which sat across the bay from Great Neck. This real-life juxtaposition gave Fitzgerald his idea for "West Egg" and "East Egg". In this novel, Great Neck (King's Point) became the "new money" peninsula of West Egg and Port Washington (Sands Point) the old-money East Egg.<SUP id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-27">[26]</A></SUP> Several mansions in the area served as inspiration for Gatsby's home, such as <A href="/wiki/Oheka_Castle" title="Oheka Castle">Oheka Castle</A><SUP id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-28">[27]</A></SUP> and <A href="/wiki/Beacon_Towers" title="Beacon Towers">Beacon Towers</A>, since demolished.<SUP id="cite_ref-mansions_29-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-mansions-29">[28]</A></SUP></P>
<P>By mid-1923, Fitzgerald had written 18,000 words for his novel<SUP id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-30">[29]</A></SUP> but discarded most of his new story as a false start, some of which resurfaced in the 1924 short story "Absolution".<SUP id="cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_53–54_5-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Bruccoli_2000_53–54-5">[5]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-31">[30]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Work on <I>The Great Gatsby</I> began in earnest in April 1924. Fitzgerald wrote in his ledger, "Out of woods at last and starting novel."<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP> He decided to make a departure from the writing process of his previous novels and told Perkins that the novel was to be a "consciously artistic achievement"<SUP id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-32">[31]</A></SUP> and a "purely creative work—not trashy imaginings as in my stories but the sustained imagination of a sincere and yet radiant world."<SUP id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-33">[32]</A></SUP> He added later, during editing, that he felt "an enormous power in me now, more than I've ever had."<SUP id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-34">[33]</A></SUP> Soon after this burst of inspiration, work slowed while the Fitzgeralds made a move to the <A href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</A>, where a serious crisis in their relationship soon developed.<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP> By August, however, Fitzgerald was hard at work and completed what he believed to be his final manuscript in October, sending the book to his editor, <A href="/wiki/Maxwell_Perkins" title="Maxwell Perkins">Maxwell Perkins</A>, and agent, <A href="/wiki/Harold_Ober" title="Harold Ober">Harold Ober</A>, on October 30.<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP> The Fitzgeralds then moved to Rome for the winter.<SUP id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-35">[34]</A></SUP> Fitzgerald made revisions through the winter after Perkins informed him in a November letter that the character of Gatsby was "somewhat vague" and Gatsby's wealth and business, respectively, needed "the suggestion of an explanation" and should be "adumbrated".<SUP id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-36">[35]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Content after a few rounds of revision, Fitzgerald returned the final batch of revised galleys in the middle of February 1925.<SUP id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-37">[36]</A></SUP> Fitzgerald's revisions included an extensive rewriting of Chapter VI and VIII.<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP> Despite this, he refused an offer of $10,000 for the serial rights in order not to delay the book's publication.<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP> He had received a $3,939 advance in 1923<SUP id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-38">[37]</A></SUP> and $1,981.25 upon publication.<SUP id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-39">[38]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Cover_art">Cover art</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cover art">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The cover of the first printing of <I>The Great Gatsby</I> is among the most celebrated pieces of art in American literature.<SUP id="cite_ref-scribner_40-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-scribner-40">[39]</A></SUP> It depicts disembodied eyes and a mouth over a blue skyline, with images of naked women reflected in the irises. A little-known artist named <A href="/wiki/Francis_Cugat" title="Francis Cugat">Francis Cugat</A> was commissioned to illustrate the book while Fitzgerald was in the midst of writing it.<SUP id="cite_ref-scribner_40-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-scribner-40">[39]</A></SUP> The cover was completed before the novel; Fitzgerald was so enamored with it that he told his publisher he had "written it into" the novel.<SUP id="cite_ref-scribner_40-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-scribner-40">[39]</A></SUP> Fitzgerald's remarks about incorporating the painting into the novel led to the interpretation that the eyes are reminiscent of those of fictional optometrist Dr. T. J. Eckleburg<SUP id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-41">[40]</A></SUP> (depicted on a faded commercial billboard near George Wilson's auto repair shop) which Fitzgerald described as "blue and gigantic – their retinas<SUP id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-42">[note 2]</A></SUP> are one yard high. They look out of no face, but instead, from a pair of enormous yellow spectacles which pass over a non-existent nose." Although this passage has some resemblance to the painting, a closer explanation can be found in the description of Daisy Buchanan as the "girl whose disembodied face floated along the dark cornices and blinding signs."<SUP id="cite_ref-scribner_40-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-scribner-40">[39]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</A> wrote in <I><A href="/wiki/A_Moveable_Feast" title="A Moveable Feast">A Moveable Feast</A></I> that when Fitzgerald lent him a copy of <I>The Great Gatsby</I> to read, he immediately disliked the cover, but "Scott told me not to be put off by it, that it had to do with a billboard along a highway in Long Island that was important in the story. He said he had liked the jacket and now he didn't like it."<SUP id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-43">[41]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Title">Title</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Title">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Fitzgerald had difficulty choosing a title for his novel and entertained many choices before reluctantly choosing <I>The Great Gatsby</I>,<SUP id="cite_ref-studio360_44-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-studio360-44">[42]</A></SUP> a title inspired by <A href="/wiki/Alain-Fournier" title="Alain-Fournier">Alain-Fournier</A>'s <I><A href="/wiki/Le_Grand_Meaulnes" title="Le Grand Meaulnes">Le Grand Meaulnes</A></I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-45">[43]</A></SUP> Prior, Fitzgerald shifted between <I>Gatsby</I>; <I>Among Ash-Heaps and Millionaires</I>; <I>Trimalchio</I>;<SUP id="cite_ref-studio360_44-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-studio360-44">[42]</A></SUP> <I>Trimalchio in West Egg</I>;<SUP id="cite_ref-vanderbilt_46-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-vanderbilt-46">[44]</A></SUP> <I>On the Road to West Egg</I>;<SUP id="cite_ref-vanderbilt_46-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-vanderbilt-46">[44]</A></SUP> <I>Under the Red, White, and Blue</I>;<SUP id="cite_ref-studio360_44-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-studio360-44">[42]</A></SUP> <I>Gold-Hatted Gatsby</I>;<SUP id="cite_ref-studio360_44-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-studio360-44">[42]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-vanderbilt_46-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-vanderbilt-46">[44]</A></SUP> and <I>The High-Bouncing Lover</I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-studio360_44-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-studio360-44">[42]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-vanderbilt_46-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-vanderbilt-46">[44]</A></SUP> The titles <I>The Gold-Hatted Gatsby</I> and <I>The High-Bouncing Lover</I> came from Fitzgerald's epigraph for the novel, one which he wrote himself under the pen name of Thomas Parke D'Invilliers.<SUP id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-47">[45]</A></SUP> He initially preferred titles referencing <I><A href="/wiki/Trimalchio" title="Trimalchio">Trimalchio</A></I>, the crude <A href="/wiki/Parvenu" title="Parvenu">parvenu</A> in <A href="/wiki/Petronius" title="Petronius">Petronius</A>'s <I><A href="/wiki/Satyricon" title="Satyricon">Satyricon</A></I>, and even refers to Gatsby as Trimalchio once in the novel: "It was when curiosity about Gatsby was at its highest that the lights in his house failed to go on one Saturday night—and, as obscurely as it had begun, his career as Trimalchio was over."<SUP id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-48">[46]</A></SUP> Unlike Gatsby's spectacular parties, Trimalchio participated in the audacious and libidinous orgies he hosted but, according to Tony Tanner's introduction to the Penguin edition, there are subtle similarities between the two.<SUP id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-49">[47]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In November 1924, Fitzgerald wrote to Perkins that "I have now decided to stick to the title I put on the book ... <I>Trimalchio in West Egg</I>"<SUP id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-50">[48]</A></SUP> but was eventually persuaded that the reference was too obscure and that people would not be able to pronounce it.<SUP id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-51">[49]</A></SUP> His wife, <A href="/wiki/Zelda_Fitzgerald" title="Zelda Fitzgerald">Zelda</A>, and Perkins both expressed their preference for <I>The Great Gatsby</I> and the next month Fitzgerald agreed.<SUP id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-52">[50]</A></SUP> A month before publication, after a final review of the proofs, he asked if it would be possible to re-title it <I>Trimalchio</I> or <I>Gold-Hatted Gatsby</I> but Perkins advised against it. On March 19, 1925,<SUP id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-53">[51]</A></SUP> Fitzgerald expressed intense enthusiasm for the title <I>Under the Red, White and Blue</I>, but it was at that stage too late to change.<SUP id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-54">[52]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-55">[53]</A></SUP> <I>The Great Gatsby</I> was published on April 10, 1925.<SUP id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-56">[54]</A></SUP> Fitzgerald remarked that "the title is only fair, rather bad than good."<SUP id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-57">[55]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Early drafts of the novel entitled <I>Trimalchio: An Early Version of The Great Gatsby</I> have been published.<SUP id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-58">[56]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-59">[57]</A></SUP> A notable difference between the <I>Trimalchio</I> draft and <I>The Great Gatsby</I> is a less complete failure of Gatsby's dream in <I>Trimalchio</I>. Another difference is that the argument between Tom Buchanan and <A href="/wiki/Jay_Gatsby" title="Jay Gatsby">Jay Gatsby</A> is more even,<SUP id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-60">[58]</A></SUP> although Daisy still returns to Tom.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Themes">Themes</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Themes">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P><A href="/wiki/Sarah_Churchwell" title="Sarah Churchwell">Sarah Churchwell</A> sees <I>The Great Gatsby</I> as a "cautionary tale of the decadent downside of the American dream." The story deals with the limits and realities of America's myths of social and class mobility; and the inevitably hopeless lower class aspirations to rise above the station(s) of their birth. The book in stark relief through the narrator, Nick Carraway, observes that: "...a sense of the fundamental decencies is parcelled out unequally at birth." <SUP id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-61">[59]</A></SUP> Using elements of irony and tragic ending, it also delves into themes of excesses of the rich, and recklessness of youth.<SUP id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-62">[60]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-boston_63-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-boston-63">[61]</A></SUP> Others, like journalist <A href="/wiki/Nick_Gillespie" title="Nick Gillespie">Nick Gillespie</A>, see <I>The Great Gatsby</I> as a story "underlying permanence of class differences; even in the face of a modern economy's attempt to assert that the class structure is based; not on status and inherited position; but, upon the innovation and the ability of literally anyone, to succeed by meeting the ever-changing demands and tastes of consumers' needs."<SUP id="cite_ref-gillespie_64-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-gillespie-64">[62]</A></SUP> This interpretation asserts that <I>The Great Gatsby</I> captures the American experience because it is a story about change and those who resist it; whether the change comes in the form of a new wave of immigrants (Southern Europeans in the early 20th century, Latin Americans today), the <A href="/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche">nouveau riche</A>, or successful minorities, Americans from the 1920s to the 21st century have plenty of experience with changing economic and social circumstances. As Gillespie states, "While the specific terms of the equation are always changing, it's easy to see echoes of <I>Gatsby</I><SPAN class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</SPAN>s basic conflict between established sources of economic and cultural power and upstarts in virtually all aspects of American society."<SUP id="cite_ref-gillespie_64-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-gillespie-64">[62]</A></SUP> Because this concept is particularly American and can be seen throughout American history, readers are able to relate to <I>The Great Gatsby</I> (which has lent the novel an enduring popularity).<SUP id="cite_ref-gillespie_64-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-gillespie-64">[62]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Later critical writings on <I>The Great Gatsby</I>, following the novel's revival, focus in particular on Fitzgerald's disillusionment with the American Dream — life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness – in the context of the hedonistic Jazz Age, a name for the era which Fitzgerald claimed to have coined. In 1970, Roger Pearson published the article <I>Gatsby: False prophet of the American Dream</I>, in which he states that Fitzgerald "has come to be associated with this concept of the AMERICAN Dream more than any other writer of the twentieth century".<SUP id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-65">[63]</A></SUP> Pearson goes on to suggest that Gatsby's failure to realize the American dream demonstrates that it no longer exists except in the minds of those as materialistic as Gatsby. He concludes that the American dream pursued by Gatsby "is, in reality, a nightmare", bringing nothing but discontent and disillusionment to those who chase it as they realize its unsustainability and ultimately its unattainability.</P>
<P>In addition to exploring the trials and tribulations of achieving the great American dream during the Jazz Age, <I>The Great Gatsby</I> explores societal gender expectations as a theme, exemplifying in Daisy Buchanan's character the marginalization of women in the East Egg social class that Fitzgerald depicts. As an upper-class, white woman living in East Egg during this time period in America, Daisy must adhere to certain societal expectations, including but certainly not limited to actively filling the role of dutiful wife, mother, keeper of the house, and charming socialite. As the reader finds in the novel, many of Daisy's choices, ultimately culminating in the tragedy of the plot and misery for all those involved, can be at least partly attributed to her prescribed role as a "beautiful little fool" who is completely reliant on her husband for financial and societal security. For instance, one could argue that Daisy's ultimate decision to remain with her husband despite her feelings for Gatsby can be attributed to the status, security, and comfort that her marriage to Tom Buchanan provides. Additionally, the theme of the female familial role within <I>The Great Gatsby</I> goes hand in hand with that of the ideal family unit associated with the great American dream- a dream that goes unrealized for Gatsby and Daisy in Fitzgerald's prose.<SUP id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-66">[64]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P><I>The Great Gatsby</I> was published by <A href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Charles Scribner's Sons</A> on April 10, 1925. Fitzgerald called Perkins on the day of publication to monitor reviews: "Any news?"<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP> "Sales situation doubtful," read a wire from Perkins on April 20, "[but] excellent reviews." Fitzgerald responded on April 24, saying the cable "depressed" him, closing the letter with "Yours in great depression."<SUP id="cite_ref-lc_67-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-lc-67">[65]</A></SUP> Fitzgerald had hoped the novel would be a great commercial success, perhaps selling as many as 75,000 copies.<SUP id="cite_ref-lc_67-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-lc-67">[65]</A></SUP> By October, when the original sale had run its course, the book had sold fewer than 20,000 copies.<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-boston_63-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-boston-63">[61]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-lc_67-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-lc-67">[65]</A></SUP> Despite this, Scribner's continually kept the book in print; they carried the original edition on their trade list until 1946, by which time <I>Gatsby</I> was in print in three other forms and the original edition was no longer needed.<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP> Fitzgerald received letters of praise from contemporaries <A href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</A>, <A href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</A> regarding the novel; however, this was private opinion, and Fitzgerald feverishly demanded the public recognition of reviewers and readers.<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP></P>
<P><I>The Great Gatsby</I> received mixed reviews from literary critics of the day. Generally the most effusive of the positive reviews was Edwin Clark of <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</A></I>, who felt the novel was "A curious book, a mystical, glamourous [sic] story of today."<SUP id="cite_ref-nytreview_68-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nytreview-68">[66]</A></SUP> Similarly, Lillian C. Ford of the <I><A href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</A></I> wrote, "[the novel] leaves the reader in a mood of chastened wonder," calling the book "a revelation of life" and "a work of art."<SUP id="cite_ref-latreview_69-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-latreview-69">[67]</A></SUP> <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Post">The New York Post</A></I> called the book "fascinating ... His style fairly scintillates, and with a genuine brilliance; he writes surely and soundly."<SUP id="cite_ref-nypreview_70-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nypreview-70">[68]</A></SUP> The <I><A href="/wiki/New_York_Herald_Tribune" title="New York Herald Tribune">New York Herald Tribune</A></I> was unimpressed, but referred to <I>The Great Gatsby</I> as "purely ephemeral phenomenon, but it contains some of the nicest little touches of contemporary observation you could imagine-so light, so delicate, so sharp .... a literary lemon meringue."<SUP id="cite_ref-nyhtreview_71-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyhtreview-71">[69]</A></SUP> In <I><A href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">The Chicago Daily Tribune</A></I>, H.L. Mencken called the book "in form no more than a glorified anecdote, and not too probable at that," while praising the book's "careful and brilliant finish."<SUP id="cite_ref-ctreview_72-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ctreview-72">[70]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Several writers felt that the novel left much to be desired following Fitzgerald's previous works and promptly criticized him. Harvey Eagleton of <I><A href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</A></I> believed the novel signaled the end of Fitzgerald's success: "One finishes <I>Great Gatsby</I> with a feeling of regret, not for the fate of the people in the book, but for Mr. Fitzgerald."<SUP id="cite_ref-dmnreview_73-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-dmnreview-73">[71]</A></SUP> John McClure of <I><A href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune" title="The Times-Picayune">The Times-Picayune</A></I> said that the book was unconvincing, writing, "Even in conception and construction, <I>The Great Gatsby</I> seems a little raw."<SUP id="cite_ref-tpreview_74-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-tpreview-74">[72]</A></SUP> Ralph Coghlan of the <I><A href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</A></I> felt the book lacked what made Fitzgerald's earlier novels endearing and called the book "a minor performance ... At the moment, its author seems a bit bored and tired and cynical."<SUP id="cite_ref-slpdreview_75-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-slpdreview-75">[73]</A></SUP> Ruth Snyder of <I><A href="/wiki/New_York_World" title="New York World">New York Evening World</A></I> called the book's style "painfully forced", noting that the editors of the paper were "quite convinced after reading <I>The Great Gatsby</I> that Mr. Fitzgerald is not one of the great American writers of to-day."<SUP id="cite_ref-nyewreview_76-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyewreview-76">[74]</A></SUP> The reviews struck Fitzgerald as completely missing the point: "All the reviews, even the most enthusiastic, not one had the slightest idea what the book was about."<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Fitzgerald's goal was to produce a literary work which would truly prove himself as a writer,<SUP id="cite_ref-Mizener_1951_167_77-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Mizener_1951_167-77">[75]</A></SUP> and <I>Gatsby</I> did not have the commercial success of his two previous novels, <I><A href="/wiki/This_Side_of_Paradise" title="This Side of Paradise">This Side of Paradise</A></I> and <I><A href="/wiki/The_Beautiful_and_Damned" title="The Beautiful and Damned">The Beautiful and Damned</A></I>. Although the novel went through two initial printings, some of these copies remained unsold years later.<SUP id="cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_175_78-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Bruccoli_2000_175-78">[76]</A></SUP> Fitzgerald himself blamed poor sales on the fact that women tended to be the main audience for novels during this time, and <I>Gatsby</I> did not contain an admirable female character.<SUP id="cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_175_78-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Bruccoli_2000_175-78">[76]</A></SUP> According to his own ledger, now made available online by <A href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</A>'s Thomas Cooper library, he earned only $2,000 from the book.<SUP id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-79">[77]</A></SUP> Although 1926 brought Owen Davis's stage adaption and the <A href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</A>-issued <A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(1926_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (1926 film)">silent film version</A>, both of which brought in money for the author, Fitzgerald still felt the novel fell short of the recognition he hoped for and, most importantly, would not propel him to becoming a serious novelist in the public eye.<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP> For several years afterward, the general public believed <I>The Great Gatsby</I> to be nothing more than a nostalgic period piece.<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Legacy_and_modern_analysis">Legacy and modern analysis</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy and modern analysis">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>In 1940, Fitzgerald suffered a third and final heart attack, and died believing his work forgotten.<SUP id="cite_ref-usatodaysales_80-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-usatodaysales-80">[78]</A></SUP> His obituary in <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</A></I> mentioned <I>Gatsby</I> as Fitzgerald "at his best".<SUP id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-81">[79]</A></SUP> A strong appreciation for the book had developed in underground circles; future writers <A href="/wiki/Edward_Newhouse" title="Edward Newhouse">Edward Newhouse</A> and <A href="/wiki/Budd_Schulberg" title="Budd Schulberg">Budd Schulberg</A> were deeply affected by it and <A href="/wiki/John_O%27Hara" title="John O'Hara">John O'Hara</A> showed the book's influence.<SUP id="cite_ref-mizener2_82-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-mizener2-82">[80]</A></SUP> The republication of <I>Gatsby</I> in <A href="/wiki/Edmund_Wilson" title="Edmund Wilson">Edmund Wilson</A>'s edition of <I>The Last Tycoon</I> in 1941 produced an outburst of comment, with the general consensus expressing the sentiment that the book was an enduring work of fiction.<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-14" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 1942, a group of publishing executives created the <A href="/wiki/Council_on_Books_in_Wartime" title="Council on Books in Wartime">Council on Books in Wartime</A>. The Council's purpose was to distribute paperback books to soldiers fighting in the <A href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</A>. <I>The Great Gatsby</I> was one of these books. The books proved to be "as popular as <A href="/wiki/Pin-up_girls" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin-up girls">pin-up girls</A>" among the soldiers, according to the <I><A href="/wiki/Saturday_Evening_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturday Evening Post">Saturday Evening Post</A></I><SPAN class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</SPAN>s contemporary report.<SUP id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-83">[81]</A></SUP> 155,000 copies of <I>Gatsby</I> were distributed to soldiers overseas,<SUP id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-84">[82]</A></SUP> and it is believed that this publicity ultimately boosted the novel's popularity and sales.<SUP id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-85">[83]</A></SUP></P>
<P>By 1944, full-length articles on Fitzgerald's works were being published, and the following year, "the opinion that <I>Gatsby</I> was merely a period piece had almost entirely disappeared."<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP> This revival was paved by interest shown by literary critic Edmund Wilson, who was Fitzgerald's friend.<SUP id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-86">[84]</A></SUP> In 1951, <A href="/wiki/Arthur_Mizener" title="Arthur Mizener">Arthur Mizener</A> published <I><A href="/wiki/The_Far_Side_of_Paradise" title="The Far Side of Paradise">The Far Side of Paradise</A></I>, a biography of Fitzgerald.<SUP id="cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_217_87-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Bruccoli_2000_217-87">[85]</A></SUP> He emphasized <I>The Great Gatsby</I><SPAN class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</SPAN>s positive reception by literary critics, which may have influenced public opinion and renewed interest in it.<SUP id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-88">[86]</A></SUP></P>
<P>By 1960, the book was steadily selling 50,000 copies per year, and renewed interest led <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</A></I> editorialist Arthur Mizener to proclaim the novel "a classic of twentieth-century American fiction".<SUP id="cite_ref-nyt35_24-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nyt35-24">[23]</A></SUP> <I>The Great Gatsby</I> has sold over 25 million copies worldwide as of 2013, annually sells an additional 500,000 copies, and is Scribner's most popular title; in 2013, the <A href="/wiki/E-book" title="E-book">e-book</A> alone sold 185,000 copies.<SUP id="cite_ref-usatodaysales_80-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-usatodaysales-80">[78]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Scribner's copyright is scheduled to expire in 2020, according to <A href="/wiki/Maureen_Corrigan" title="Maureen Corrigan">Maureen Corrigan</A>'s book about the making of <I>The Great Gatsby</I>, <I>So We Read On</I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-89">[87]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Adaptations">Adaptations</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Adaptations">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Ballet">Ballet</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ballet">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI>In 2009, <A href="/wiki/BalletMet" title="BalletMet">BalletMet</A> premiered a version at the Capitol Theatre in <A href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</A>. It was choreographed by Jimmy Orrante.<SUP id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-90">[88]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>In 2010, <A href="/wiki/The_Washington_Ballet" title="The Washington Ballet">The Washington Ballet</A> premiered a version at the <A href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy Center">Kennedy Center</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-91">[89]</A></SUP> It was popularly demanded for an encore run the following year.<SUP id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-92">[90]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>In 2013, the <A href="/wiki/Northern_Ballet" title="Northern Ballet">Northern Ballet</A> premiered a version of <I>The Great Gatsby</I> at Leeds Grand Theatre in the UK, with choreography and direction by <A href="/wiki/David_Nixon_(choreographer)" title="David Nixon (choreographer)">David Nixon</A>, a musical score by <A href="/wiki/Richard_Rodney_Bennett" title="Richard Rodney Bennett">Richard Rodney Bennett</A>, and set designs by Jerome Kaplan. Nixon also created the scenario and costumes designs.<SUP id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-93">[91]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-94">[92]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Computer_games">Computer games</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Computer games">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI>In 2010, <A href="/wiki/Oberon_Media" title="Oberon Media">Oberon Media</A> released a casual <A href="/wiki/Hidden_object_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidden object game">hidden object game</A> called <I>Classic Adventures: The Great Gatsby</I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-95">[93]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-96">[94]</A></SUP> The game was released for iPad in 2012.<SUP id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-97">[95]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>In 2011, as a tribute to old <A href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">NES</A> games, developer Charlie Hoey and editor Pete Smith created an <A href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles_(third_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of video game consoles (third generation)">8-bit-style</A> online game of <I>The Great Gatsby</I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-washpost_98-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-washpost-98">[96]</A></SUP> Ian Crouch of <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</A></I> compared it to <I><A href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tom_Sawyer_(video_game)" title="The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (video game)">The Adventures of Tom Sawyer</A></I> (1989) for the NES.<SUP id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-99">[97]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Film_and_television">Film and television</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Film and television">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P><I>The Great Gatsby</I> has resulted in a number of film and television adaptations:</P>
<UL>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(1926_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (1926 film)">The Great Gatsby</A></I> (1926), by <A href="/wiki/Herbert_Brenon" title="Herbert Brenon">Herbert Brenon</A>  – a <A href="/wiki/Silent_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Silent movie">silent movie</A> of a stage adaptation, starring <A href="/wiki/Warner_Baxter" title="Warner Baxter">Warner Baxter</A>, <A href="/wiki/Lois_Wilson_(actress)" title="Lois Wilson (actress)">Lois Wilson</A>, and <A href="/wiki/William_Powell" title="William Powell">William Powell</A>. It is a famous example of a <A href="/wiki/Lost_film" title="Lost film">lost film</A>. Reviews suggest that it may have been the most faithful adaptation of the novel, but a trailer of the film at the <A href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives</A> is all that is known to exist.<SUP id="cite_ref-LFQ_100-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-LFQ-100">[98]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(1949_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (1949 film)">The Great Gatsby</A></I> (1949), by <A href="/wiki/Elliott_Nugent" title="Elliott Nugent">Elliott Nugent</A>  – starring <A href="/wiki/Alan_Ladd" title="Alan Ladd">Alan Ladd</A>, <A href="/wiki/Betty_Field" title="Betty Field">Betty Field</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Macdonald_Carey" title="Macdonald Carey">Macdonald Carey</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-LFQ_100-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-LFQ-100">[98]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(1974_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (1974 film)">The Great Gatsby</A></I> (1974), by <A href="/wiki/Jack_Clayton" title="Jack Clayton">Jack Clayton</A> – starring <A href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</A>, <A href="/wiki/Mia_Farrow" title="Mia Farrow">Mia Farrow</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Sam_Waterston" title="Sam Waterston">Sam Waterston</A>, with a <A href="/wiki/Screenplay" title="Screenplay">script</A> by <A href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-LFQ_100-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-LFQ-100">[98]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(2000_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (2000 film)">The Great Gatsby</A></I> (2000), by <A href="/wiki/Robert_Markowitz" title="Robert Markowitz">Robert Markowitz</A> – a <A href="/wiki/Television_film" title="Television film">made-for-TV</A> movie starring <A href="/wiki/Toby_Stephens" title="Toby Stephens">Toby Stephens</A>, <A href="/wiki/Mira_Sorvino" title="Mira Sorvino">Mira Sorvino</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Paul_Rudd" title="Paul Rudd">Paul Rudd</A>.</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(2013_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (2013 film)">The Great Gatsby</A></I> (2013), by <A href="/wiki/Baz_Luhrmann" title="Baz Luhrmann">Baz Luhrmann</A> – starring <A href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</A>, <A href="/wiki/Carey_Mulligan" title="Carey Mulligan">Carey Mulligan</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Tobey_Maguire" title="Tobey Maguire">Tobey Maguire</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Literature">Literature</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI><I>The Double Bind</I> (2007) by <A href="/wiki/Chris_Bohjalian" title="Chris Bohjalian">Chris Bohjalian</A> imagines the later years of Daisy and Tom Buchanan's marriage as a social worker in 2007 investigates the possibility that a deceased elderly homeless person is Daisy's son.<SUP id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-101">[99]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><I>Great</I> (2014) by <A href="/wiki/Sara_Benincasa" title="Sara Benincasa">Sara Benincasa</A> is a modern-day <A href="/wiki/Young_adult_fiction" title="Young adult fiction">young adult fiction</A> retelling of <I>The Great Gatsby</I> with a female Gatsby (Jacinta <A href="/wiki/Trimalchio" title="Trimalchio">Trimalchio</A>).<SUP id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-102">[100]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Opera">Opera</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Opera">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">New York Metropolitan Opera</A> commissioned <A href="/wiki/John_Harbison" title="John Harbison">John Harbison</A> to compose an <A href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">operatic</A> treatment of the novel to commemorate the 25th anniversary of <A href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</A>'s debut. The work, called <I><A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(opera)" title="The Great Gatsby (opera)">The Great Gatsby</A></I>, premiered on December 20, 1999.<SUP id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-103">[101]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Radio">Radio</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Radio">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI>On January 1, 1950, an hour-long adaptation was broadcast on CBS' <I>Family Hour of Stars</I> starring <A href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</A> as Gatsby.<SUP id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-104">[102]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>In October 2008, the <A href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</A> commissioned and broadcast an abridged 10-part reading of the story, read from the view of Nick Carraway by <A href="/wiki/Trevor_White_(actor)" title="Trevor White (actor)">Trevor White</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-105">[103]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>In May 2012, <A href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</A> broadcast <I><A href="/wiki/Gaynor_Macfarlane#The_Great_Gatsby" title="Gaynor Macfarlane">The Great Gatsby</A></I>, a <A href="/wiki/Classic_Serial" title="Classic Serial">Classic Serial</A> dramatisation by <A href="/wiki/Robert_Forrest_(dramatist)" title="Robert Forrest (dramatist)">Robert Forrest</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-106">[104]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Theater">Theater</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Theater">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<UL>
<LI>The 1926 stage adaptation of <A href="/wiki/Owen_Davis" title="Owen Davis">Owen Davis</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-107">[105]</A></SUP> subsequently developed, became the <A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(1926_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (1926 film)">1926 film version</A>. The play, directed by <A href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</A>, opened on <A href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</A> on February 2, 1926 and ran for 112 performances. A successful tour later in the year included the performances <A href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</A>, 1 August 20 through 2 October.<SUP id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-108">[106]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>In July 2006, <A href="/wiki/Simon_Levy" title="Simon Levy">Simon Levy</A>'s stage adaptation,<SUP id="cite_ref-levy_109-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-levy-109">[107]</A></SUP> the only one authorized and granted exclusive rights by the Fitzgerald Estate, had its world premiere at <A href="/wiki/The_Guthrie_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guthrie Theater">The Guthrie Theater</A> to commemorate the opening of its new theatre, directed by <A href="/wiki/David_Esbjornson" title="David Esbjornson">David Esbjornson</A>. It was subsequently produced by <A href="/wiki/Seattle_Repertory_Theatre" title="Seattle Repertory Theatre">Seattle Repertory Theatre</A>. In 2012, a revised/reworked version was produced at <A href="/wiki/Arizona_Theatre_Company" title="Arizona Theatre Company">Arizona Theatre Company</A><SUP id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-110">[108]</A></SUP> and <A href="/wiki/Grand_Theatre_(London,_Ontario)" title="Grand Theatre (London, Ontario)">Grand Theatre</A> in London, Ontario, Canada.<SUP id="cite_ref-levy_109-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-levy-109">[107]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><I>Gatz</I> by <A href="/wiki/Elevator_Repair_Service" title="Elevator Repair Service">Elevator Repair Service</A> earned the #1 in the best in 2010 NYC theatre from <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</A></I><SPAN class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</SPAN>s <A href="/wiki/Ben_Brantley" title="Ben Brantley">Ben Brantley</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-111">[109]</A></SUP> An award-winning <A href="/wiki/Off-Broadway" title="Off-Broadway">Off-Broadway</A> production.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Le_Monde%27s_100_Books_of_the_Century" title="Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century"><I>Le Monde</I><SPAN class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</SPAN>s 100 Books of the Century</A></LI>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-first-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-first_20-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">The spelling "Wolfshiem" appears throughout Fitzgerald's original manuscript, while "Wolfsheim" was introduced by an editor (<A href="/wiki/Edmund_Wilson" title="Edmund Wilson">Edmund Wilson</A>) in the second edition<SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP> and appears in later Scribner's editions.<SUP id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-19">[19]</A></SUP></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-42"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-42"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">The original edition used the anatomically incorrect word "retinas", while some later editions have used the word "irises".</SPAN></LI>
</OL>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-karolides2011-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-karolides2011_1-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Karolides, Nicholas J.; Bald, Margaret; Sova, Dawn B. (2011). <I>120 Banned Books: Censorship Histories of World Literature</I> (Second ed.). Checkmark Books. p. 499. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-8232-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-8232-2">978-0-8160-8232-2</A>. <Q>Rather than a celebration of such decadence, the novel functions as a cautionary tale in which an unhappy fate is inevitable for the poor and striving individual, and the rich are allowed to continue without penalty their careless treatment of others' lives.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=120+Banned+Books%3A+Censorship+Histories+of+World+Literature&rft.pages=499&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Checkmark+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-8232-2&rft.aulast=Karolides&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+J.&rft.au=Bald%2C+Margaret&rft.au=Sova%2C+Dawn+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Hoover, Bob (10 May 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/ae/movies/great-gatsby-still-challenges-myth-of-american-dream-687050/">"<SPAN style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</SPAN>The Great Gatsby' still challenges myth of American Dream"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">10 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.atitle=%27The+Great+Gatsby%27+still+challenges+myth+of+American+Dream&rft.date=2013-05-10&rft.aulast=Hoover&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.post-gazette.com%2Fstories%2Fae%2Fmovies%2Fgreat-gatsby-still-challenges-myth-of-american-dream-687050%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-3"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lettersofnote.com/2012/01/something-extraordinary.html">"Something Extraordinary"</A>. <I>Letters of Note</I>. Images by Gareth M. lettersofnote.com. 25 March 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">24 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Letters+of+Note&rft.atitle=Something+Extraordinary&rft.date=2013-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lettersofnote.com%2F2012%2F01%2Fsomething-extraordinary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modernlibrary.com/top-100/100-best-novels/">"100 Best Novels"</A>. Modern Library<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">14 May</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=100+Best+Novels&rft.pub=Modern+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modernlibrary.com%2Ftop-100%2F100-best-novels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Bruccoli_2000_53–54-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_53–54_5-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_53–54_5-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_53–54_5-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_53–54_5-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBruccoli2000">Bruccoli 2000</A>, pp. 53–54</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Gross, Dalton (1998). <I>Understanding the Great Gatsby: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents</I>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 167.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+Great+Gatsby%3A+A+Student+Casebook+to+Issues%2C+Sources%2C+and+Historical+Documents&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Dalton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Kellogg, Carolyn. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/04/last-gasp-of-the-gatsby-house.html">"Last gasp of the Gatsby house"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">26 April</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Last+gasp+of+the+Gatsby+house&rft.aulast=Kellogg&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Fjacketcopy%2F2011%2F04%2Flast-gasp-of-the-gatsby-house.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-sparknotes1-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-sparknotes1_8-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-sparknotes1_8-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-sparknotes1_8-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">SparkNotes Editors. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/gatsby/context.html">"The Great Gatsby: Context"</A>. SparkNotes<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-11-25</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+Gatsby%3A+Context&rft.pub=SparkNotes&rft.au=SparkNotes+Editors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sparknotes.com%2Flit%2Fgatsby%2Fcontext.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Extra_text:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list">link</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Powers, Thomas (July 4, 2013). "The Road to West Egg". <I>London Review of Books</I>. <B>13</B>. pp. 9–11.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=The+Road+to+West+Egg&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=9-11&rft.date=2013-07-04&rft.au=Powers%2C+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Sarah Churchwell (June 17, 2014). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wnyc.org/story/murder-mayhem-and-invention-great-gatsby/">"Murder, Mayhem, and the Invention of The Great Gatsby"</A>. <I>The Leonard Lopate Show</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Leonard+Lopate+Show&rft.atitle=Murder%2C+Mayhem%2C+and+the+Invention+of+The+Great+Gatsby&rft.date=2014-06-17&rft.au=Sarah+Churchwell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnyc.org%2Fstory%2Fmurder-mayhem-and-invention-great-gatsby%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-corona-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-corona_11-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">David Holowka (December 17, 2009). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architakes.com/?p=4344">"The Iron Triangle, part 1 / Wilson's Garage"</A>. ArchiTakes.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Iron+Triangle%2C+part+1+%2F+Wilson%27s+Garage&rft.pub=ArchiTakes&rft.date=2009-12-17&rft.au=David+Holowka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.architakes.com%2F%3Fp%3D4344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Oxford-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Oxford_12-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">McCullen, Bonnie Shannon (2007). "This Tremendous Detail: The Oxford Stone in the House of Gatsby". In Assadi, Jamal; Freedman, William. <I>A Distant Drummer: Foreign Perspectives on F. Scott Fitzgerald</I>. New York: Peter Lang. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0820488516" title="Special:BookSources/978-0820488516">978-0820488516</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=This+Tremendous+Detail%3A+The+Oxford+Stone+in+the+House+of+Gatsby&rft.btitle=A+Distant+Drummer%3A+Foreign+Perspectives+on+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Peter+Lang&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0820488516&rft.aulast=McCullen&rft.aufirst=Bonnie+Shannon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-13"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Conor, Liz (22 June 2004). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/product_info.php?products_id=21644"><I>The Spectacular Modern Woman: Feminine Visibility in the 1920s</I></A>. Indiana University Press. p. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jWG2_Pt2Dw8C&pg=PA301">301</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21670-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21670-0">978-0-253-21670-0</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spectacular+Modern+Woman%3A+Feminine+Visibility+in+the+1920s&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2004-06-22&rft.isbn=978-0-253-21670-0&rft.aulast=Conor&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupress.indiana.edu%2Fproduct_info.php%3Fproducts_id%3D21644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-B911-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-B911_14-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-B911_14-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBruccoli2000">Bruccoli 2000</A>, pp. 9–11</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-15"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald, F. Scott</A> (1991). <A href="/wiki/Matthew_J._Bruccoli" title="Matthew J. Bruccoli">Bruccoli, Matthew J.</A>, ed. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ga07kW8soU8C&lpg=PA184"><I>The Great Gatsby</I></A>. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 184. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521402309" title="Special:BookSources/9780521402309">9780521402309</A>. <Q>This name combines two automobile makes: the sporty Jordan and the conservative Baker electric.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Gatsby&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=The+Cambridge+Edition+of+the+Works+of+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780521402309&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=F.+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dga07kW8soU8C%26lpg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-16"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald, F. Scott</A> (2006). <A href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Bloom, Harold</A>, ed. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=adjCx-wnhWsC&lpg=PA95"><I>The Great Gatsby</I></A>. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. p. 95. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438114545" title="Special:BookSources/9781438114545">9781438114545</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Gatsby&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781438114545&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=F.+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DadjCx-wnhWsC%26lpg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald, F. Scott</A> (1997). Tredell, Nicolas, ed. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eEIfKVeIOEcC&lpg=PA184"><I>F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby</I></A>. Columbia Critical Guides. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 184. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231115353" title="Special:BookSources/9780231115353">9780231115353</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1559-3002">1559-3002</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=F.+Scott+Fitzgerald%3A+The+Great+Gatsby&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Columbia+Critical+Guides&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=1559-3002&rft.isbn=9780231115353&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=F.+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeEIfKVeIOEcC%26lpg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0yfauGsKOjAC&pg=PR54"><I>F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby</I></A>. Cambridge University Press. 1991. p. liv.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=F.+Scott+Fitzgerald%3A+The+Great+Gatsby&rft.pages=liv&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0yfauGsKOjAC%26pg%3DPR54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-19"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ga07kW8soU8C&pg=PA148"><I>F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby</I></A>. Cambridge University Press. 1991. p. 148.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=F.+Scott+Fitzgerald%3A+The+Great+Gatsby&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dga07kW8soU8C%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-21"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBruccoli2000">Bruccoli 2000</A>, p. 29</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-22"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A href="/wiki/Arthur_Mizener" title="Arthur Mizener">Mizener, Arthur</A> (24 April 1960). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/12/24/specials/fitzgerald-gatsby60.html">"Gatsby, 35 Years Later"</A>. <I>The New York Times</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">29 July</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>He had begun to plan the novel in June, 1923, saying to Maxwell Perkins, 'I want to write something new — something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned.' But that summer and fall was devoted to the production of his play, 'The Vegetable.'</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gatsby%2C+35+Years+Later&rft.date=1960-04-24&rft.aulast=Mizener&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F00%2F12%2F24%2Fspecials%2Ffitzgerald-gatsby60.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-23"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-23"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Curnutt, Kirk (2004). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.oup.com/academic/product/a-historical-guide-to-f-scott-fitzgerald-9780195153033?cc=us&lang=en&"><I>A Historical Guide to F. Scott Fitzgerald</I></A>. Oxford University Press. p. 58. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195153030" title="Special:BookSources/0195153030">0195153030</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 October</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>The failure of <I>The Vegetable</I> in the fall of 1923 caused Fitzgerald, who was by then in considerable debt, to shut himself in a stuffy room over a garage in <A href="/wiki/Great_Neck,_New_York" title="Great Neck, New York">Great Neck, New York</A>, and write himself out of the red by turning out ten short stories for the magazine market.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Historical+Guide+to+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0195153030&rft.aulast=Curnutt&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Facademic%2Fproduct%2Fa-historical-guide-to-f-scott-fitzgerald-9780195153033%3Fcc%3Dus%26lang%3Den%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-nyt35-24"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-6"><SUP><I><B>g</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-7"><SUP><I><B>h</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-8"><SUP><I><B>i</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-9"><SUP><I><B>j</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-10"><SUP><I><B>k</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-11"><SUP><I><B>l</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-12"><SUP><I><B>m</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-13"><SUP><I><B>n</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-14"><SUP><I><B>o</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-15"><SUP><I><B>p</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nyt35_24-16"><SUP><I><B>q</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A href="/wiki/Arthur_Mizener" title="Arthur Mizener">Mizener, Arthur</A> (24 April 1960). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/12/24/specials/fitzgerald-gatsby60.html">"Gatsby, 35 Years Later"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">12 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gatsby%2C+35+Years+Later&rft.date=1960-04-24&rft.aulast=Mizener&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F00%2F12%2F24%2Fspecials%2Ffitzgerald-gatsby60.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-25"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-25"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald, F. Scott</A> (1963). Turnbull, Andrew, ed. <I>The Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald</I>. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 189. <Q>3. 'Winter Dreams' (a sort of first draft of the Gatsby idea from <I>Metropolitan</I> 1923)</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=F.+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-26"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-26"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Murphy, Mary Jo (30 September 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/01/nyregion/01gatsby.html?scp=58&sq=f%20scott%20fitzgerald&st=cse">"Eyeing the Unreal Estate of Gatsby Esq"</A>. <I>The New York Times</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Eyeing+the+Unreal+Estate+of+Gatsby+Esq.&rft.date=2010-09-30&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Mary+Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F10%2F01%2Fnyregion%2F01gatsby.html%3Fscp%3D58%26sq%3Df%2520scott%2520fitzgerald%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-27"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-27"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBruccoli2000">Bruccoli 2000</A>, pp. 38–39</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-28"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-28"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBruccoli2000">Bruccoli 2000</A>, p. 45</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-mansions-29"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-mansions_29-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Randall, Mónica (2003). <I>The Mansions of Long Island's Gold Coast</I>. Rizzoli. pp. 275–277. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-2649-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-2649-0">978-0-8478-2649-0</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mansions+of+Long+Island%27s+Gold+Coast&rft.pages=275-277&rft.pub=Rizzoli&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8478-2649-0&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=M%C3%B3nica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-30"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-30"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">West, James L. W., III (2000). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/literature/american-literature/f-scott-fitzgerald-trimalchio-early-version-great-gatsby"><I>Trimalchio: An Early Version of</I> The Great Gatsby</A>. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Cover Design by Dennis M. Arnold. Cambridge University Press. p. xi. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-89047-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-89047-0">0-521-89047-0</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">27 July</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>He produces 18,000 words; most of this material is later discarded, but he salvages the short story "Absolution," published in June 1924.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trimalchio%3A+An+Early+Version+of+The+Great+Gatsby&rft.series=The+Cambridge+Edition+of+the+Works+of+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald&rft.pages=xi&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-521-89047-0&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=James+L.+W.%2C+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Facademic%2Fsubjects%2Fliterature%2Famerican-literature%2Ff-scott-fitzgerald-trimalchio-early-version-great-gatsby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-31"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-31"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Haglund, David (7 May 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2013/05/07/absolution_and_great_gatsby_f_scott_fitzgerald_story_gives_us_gatsby_as.html">"The Forgotten Childhood of Jay Gatsby"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</A></I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=The+Forgotten+Childhood+of+Jay+Gatsby&rft.date=2013-05-07&rft.aulast=Haglund&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fblogs%2Fbrowbeat%2F2013%2F05%2F07%2Fabsolution_and_great_gatsby_f_scott_fitzgerald_story_gives_us_gatsby_as.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-32"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-32"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Eble, Kenneth (Winter 1974). "The Great Gatsby". <I>College Literature</I>. <B>1</B> (1): 37. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0093-3139">0093-3139</A>. <A href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/25111007">25111007</A>. <Q>consciously artistic achievement</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=College+Literature&rft.atitle=The+Great+Gatsby&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37&rft.date=1974&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25111007&rft.issn=0093-3139&rft.aulast=Eble&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-33"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-33"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Flanagan, Thomas (21 December 2000). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2000/dec/21/fitzgeralds-radiant-world/?pagination=false">"Fitzgerald's 'Radiant World<SPAN style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</SPAN>"</A>. <I>The New York Review of Books</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">24 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>He may have been remembering Fitzgerald's words in that April letter: <I>So in my new novel I'm thrown directly on purely creative work—not trashy imaginings as in my stories but the sustained imagination of a sincere yet radiant world.</I></Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Fitzgerald%27s+%27Radiant+World%27&rft.date=2000-12-21&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2Farchives%2F2000%2Fdec%2F21%2Ffitzgeralds-radiant-world%2F%3Fpagination%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-34"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-34"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal"><A href="/wiki/Zachary_Leader" title="Zachary Leader">Leader, Zachary</A> (21 September 2000). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v22/n18/zachary-leader/daisy-packs-her-bags">"Daisy packs her bags"</A>. <I>London Review of Books</I>. <B>22</B> (18): 13–15. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0260-9592">0260-9592</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">24 February</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Daisy+packs+her+bags&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=13-15&rft.date=2000-09-21&rft.issn=0260-9592&rft.aulast=Leader&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fv22%2Fn18%2Fzachary-leader%2Fdaisy-packs-her-bags&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-35"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-35"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Tate, Mary Jo (2007). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C90C_Du_lKIC&lpg=PA326"><I>Critical Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work</I></A>. Infobase Publishing. p. 326. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438108452" title="Special:BookSources/9781438108452">9781438108452</A>. <Q>They lived in <TT>ROME</TT> from October 1924 to February 1925...</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Companion+to+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald%3A+A+Literary+Reference+to+His+Life+and+Work&rft.pages=326&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781438108452&rft.aulast=Tate&rft.aufirst=Mary+Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC90C_Du_lKIC%26lpg%3DPA326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-36"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-36"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/Maxwell_Perkins" title="Maxwell Perkins">Perkins, Maxwell Evarts</A> (2004). <A href="/wiki/Matthew_Joseph_Bruccoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Joseph Bruccoli">Bruccoli, Matthew Joseph</A>; Baughman, Judith S., eds. <I>The Sons of Maxwell Perkins: Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Thomas Wolfe, and Their Editor</I>. Univ. of South Carolina Press. pp. 27–30. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781570035487" title="Special:BookSources/9781570035487">9781570035487</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sons+of+Maxwell+Perkins%3A+Letters+of+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald%2C+Ernest+Hemingway%2C+Thomas+Wolfe%2C+and+Their+Editor&rft.pages=27-30&rft.pub=Univ.+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781570035487&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Maxwell+Evarts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-37"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-37"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBruccoli2000">Bruccoli 2000</A>, pp. 54–56</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-38"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-38"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Fitzerald, F. Scott. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.tcl.sc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/fitz/id/82/show/17/rec/2">"F. Scott Fitzgerald's ledger"</A>. <I>Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections</I>. University of South Carolina<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">29 April</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irvin+Department+of+Rare+Books+and+Special+Collections&rft.atitle=F.+Scott+Fitzgerald%27s+ledger&rft.aulast=Fitzerald&rft.aufirst=F.+Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.tcl.sc.edu%2Fcdm%2Fcompoundobject%2Fcollection%2Ffitz%2Fid%2F82%2Fshow%2F17%2Frec%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-39"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-39"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Zuckerman, Esther. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatlanticwire.com/entertainment/2013/04/finances-f-scott-fitzgerald-handwritten-fitzgerald/64673/">"The Finances of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Handwritten by Fitzgerald"</A>. <I>The Atlantic Wire</I>. <A href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Media_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlantic Media Company">The Atlantic Media Company</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">29 April</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic+Wire&rft.atitle=The+Finances+of+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald%2C+Handwritten+by+Fitzgerald&rft.aulast=Zuckerman&rft.aufirst=Esther&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlanticwire.com%2Fentertainment%2F2013%2F04%2Ffinances-f-scott-fitzgerald-handwritten-fitzgerald%2F64673%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-scribner-40"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-scribner_40-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-scribner_40-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-scribner_40-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-scribner_40-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal"><A href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner_III" title="Charles Scribner III">Scribner, Charles, III</A> (Winter 1992). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/pulc/pulc_v_53_n_2.pdf">"Celestial Eyes: From Metamorphosis to Masterpiece"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <I>Princeton University Library Chronicle</I>. <B>53</B> (2): 140–155<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">27 July</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Princeton+University+Library+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Celestial+Eyes%3A+From+Metamorphosis+to+Masterpiece&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=140-155&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Scribner&rft.aufirst=Charles%2C+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibweb5.princeton.edu%2Fvisual_materials%2Fpulc%2Fpulc_v_53_n_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> (originally published as a brochure on 24 October 1991 to celebrate the Cambridge Edition of <I>The Great Gatsby</I>)</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-41"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-41"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal"><A href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner_III" title="Charles Scribner III">Scribner, Charles, III</A> (Winter 1992). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/pulc/pulc_v_53_n_2.pdf">"Celestial Eyes: From Metamorphosis to Masterpiece"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <I>Princeton University Library Chronicle</I>. <B>53</B> (2): 140–155<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">27 July</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>We are left then with the enticing possibility that Fitzgerald's arresting image was originally prompted by Cugat's fantastic apparitions over the <A href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows%E2%80%93Corona_Park" title="Flushing Meadows–Corona Park">valley of ashes</A>; in other words, that the author derived his inventive metamorphosis from a recurrent theme of Cugat's trial jackets, one which the artist himself was to reinterpret and transform through subsequent drafts.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Princeton+University+Library+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Celestial+Eyes%3A+From+Metamorphosis+to+Masterpiece&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=140-155&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Scribner&rft.aufirst=Charles%2C+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibweb5.princeton.edu%2Fvisual_materials%2Fpulc%2Fpulc_v_53_n_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> (originally published as a brochure on 24 October 1991 to celebrate the Cambridge Edition of <I>The Great Gatsby</I>)</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-43"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-43"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway, Ernest</A> (1964). <I><A href="/wiki/A_Moveable_Feast" title="A Moveable Feast">A Moveable Feast</A></I>. New York: <A href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Scribner</A>. p. 176. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-82499-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-82499-4">978-0-684-82499-4</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Moveable+Feast&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-0-684-82499-4&rft.aulast=Hemingway&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-studio360-44"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-studio360_44-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-studio360_44-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-studio360_44-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-studio360_44-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-studio360_44-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A href="/wiki/Kurt_Andersen" title="Kurt Andersen">Anderson, Kurt</A> (25 November 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131013015807/http://www.studio360.org/story/95326-american-icons-the-great-gatsby/">"American Icons: The Great Gatsby"</A>. <I>Studio 360</I>. 14:26. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studio360.org/story/95326-american-icons-the-great-gatsby/">the original</A> on 13 October 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>[Donald Skemer (introduced 12:59) speaking] He went through many many titles, uh, including <I>Under the Red, White, and Blue</I> and <I>Trimalchio</I> and <I>Gold-hatted Gatsby</I> ... [James West (introduced at 12:11) speaking] <I>The High Bouncing Lover</I>. And, uh, he in the end didn't think that <I>The Great Gatsby</I> was a very good title, was dissatisfied with it.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studio+360&rft.atitle=American+Icons%3A+The+Great+Gatsby&rft.pages=14%3A26&rft.date=2010-11-25&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studio360.org%2Fstory%2F95326-american-icons-the-great-gatsby%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-45"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-45"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/christmas/21568581-adolescent-obsession-inspired-influential-yet-neglected-french-classic-girl">"The girl at the Grand Palais"</A>. <I>The Economist</I>. 22 December 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">27 March</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+girl+at+the+Grand+Palais&rft.date=2012-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fchristmas%2F21568581-adolescent-obsession-inspired-influential-yet-neglected-french-classic-girl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-vanderbilt-46"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-vanderbilt_46-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-vanderbilt_46-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-vanderbilt_46-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-vanderbilt_46-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Vanderbilt, Arthur T. (1999). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=54qLAaxz19wC&lpg=PA96"><I>The Making of a Bestseller: From Author to Reader</I></A>. McFarland. p. 96. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0786406631" title="Special:BookSources/0786406631">0786406631</A>. <Q>A week later, in his next letter, he was floundering: 'I have not decided to stick to the title I put on the book, <I>Trimalchio in West Egg</I>. The only other titles that seem to fit it are <I>Trimalchio</I> and <I>On the Road to West Egg</I>. I had two others, <I>Gold-hatted Gatsby</I> and <I>The High-bouncing Lover</I>, but they seemed too slight.'</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+a+Bestseller%3A+From+Author+to+Reader&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0786406631&rft.aulast=Vanderbilt&rft.aufirst=Arthur+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D54qLAaxz19wC%26lpg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-47"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-47"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Wulick, Dr. Anna. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.prepscholar.com/the-great-gatsby-epigraph-beginning-analysis">"Understanding The Great Gatsby First Line and Epigraph"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2016-12-15</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Understanding+The+Great+Gatsby+First+Line+and+Epigraph&rft.aulast=Wulick&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.prepscholar.com%2Fthe-great-gatsby-epigraph-beginning-analysis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-48"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-48"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">F. Scott Fitzgerald, Chapter 7 opening sentence, <I>The Great Gatsby</I></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-49"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-49"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Tanner's introduction to the <A href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</A> edition (2000), p. vii–viii.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-50"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-50"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Hill, W. Speed; Burns, Edward M.; Shillingsburg, Peter L. (2002). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk2IacD_t8YC&lpg=PA331"><I>Text: An Interdisciplinary Annual of Textual Studies</I></A>. <B>14</B>. University of Michigan Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0472112724" title="Special:BookSources/0472112724">0472112724</A>. <Q>..., because in early November he wrote Perkins that "I have now decided to stick to the title I put on the book. <I>Trimalchio in West Egg.</I></Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Text%3A+An+Interdisciplinary+Annual+of+Textual+Studies&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0472112724&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=W.+Speed&rft.au=Burns%2C+Edward+M.&rft.au=Shillingsburg%2C+Peter+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWk2IacD_t8YC%26lpg%3DPA331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-51"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-51"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald, Francis Scott</A>; <A href="/wiki/Maxwell_Perkins" title="Maxwell Perkins">Perkins, Maxwell</A> (1971). Kuehl, John; Bryer, Jackson R., eds. <I>Dear Scott/Dear Max: the Fitzgerald-Perkins correspondence</I>. Macmillan Publishing Company. p. 87. <Q>When <A href="/wiki/Ring_Lardner" title="Ring Lardner">Ring Lardner</A> came in the other day I told him about your novel and he instantly balked at the title. 'No one could pronounce it,' he said; so probably your change is wise on other than typographical counts.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dear+Scott%2FDear+Max%3A+the+Fitzgerald-Perkins+correspondence&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Francis+Scott&rft.au=Perkins%2C+Maxwell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-52"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-52"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBruccoli2002">Bruccoli 2002</A>, pp. 206–07</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-53"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-53"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Tate, Mary Jo (2007). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C90C_Du_lKIC&lpg=PA87"><I>Critical Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work</I></A>. Infobase Publishing. p. 87. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438108452" title="Special:BookSources/9781438108452">9781438108452</A>. <Q>He settled on <I>The Great Gatsby</I> in December 1924, but in January and March 1925 he continued to express his concern to Perkins about the title, cabling from <TT>CAPRI</TT> on March 19: '<TT>CRAZY ABOUT TITLE UNDER THE RED WHITE AND BLUE STOP WHART [<I><A href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</A></I>] WOULD DELAY BE</TT>'</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Companion+to+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald%3A+A+Literary+Reference+to+His+Life+and+Work&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781438108452&rft.aulast=Tate&rft.aufirst=Mary+Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC90C_Du_lKIC%26lpg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-54"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-54"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Lipton, Gabrielle. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2013/05/where_is_the_real_jay_gatsby_mansion_from_f_scott_fitzgerald_s_the_great.html">"Where Is Jay Gatsby's Mansion?"</A>. <I>slate.com</I>. The Slate Group, a Division of the Washington Post Company<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">6 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>However, nearing the time of publication, Fitzgerald, who despised the title <I>The Great Gatsby</I> and toiled for months to think of something else, wrote to Perkins that he had finally found one: <I>Under the Red, White, and Blue</I>. Unfortunately, it was too late to change.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=slate.com&rft.atitle=Where+Is+Jay+Gatsby%27s+Mansion%3F&rft.aulast=Lipton&rft.aufirst=Gabrielle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Farts%2Fculturebox%2F2013%2F05%2Fwhere_is_the_real_jay_gatsby_mansion_from_f_scott_fitzgerald_s_the_great.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-55"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-55"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A href="/wiki/Sarah_Churchwell" title="Sarah Churchwell">Churchwell, Sarah</A> (3 May 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/may/03/what-makes-great-gatsby?CMP=twt_gu&CMP=NECNETTXT766">"What makes The Great Gatsby great?"</A>. <I>The Guardian</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 October</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>At the last minute, he had asked his editor if they could change the new novel's title to <I>Under the Red, White and Blue</I>, but it was too late.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=What+makes+The+Great+Gatsby+great%3F&rft.date=2013-05-03&rft.aulast=Churchwell&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2013%2Fmay%2F03%2Fwhat-makes-great-gatsby%3FCMP%3Dtwt_gu%26CMP%3DNECNETTXT766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-56"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-56"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Lazo, Caroline Evensen (2003). <I>F. Scott Fitzgerald: Voice of the Jazz Age</I>. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 75. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0822500744" title="Special:BookSources/0822500744">0822500744</A>. <Q>When the book was published on April 10, 1924, the critics raved.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=F.+Scott+Fitzgerald%3A+Voice+of+the+Jazz+Age&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0822500744&rft.aulast=Lazo&rft.aufirst=Caroline+Evensen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-57"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-57"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBruccoli2002">Bruccoli 2002</A>, pp. 215–17</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-58"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-58"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">West, James L. W., III (2000). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/literature/american-literature/f-scott-fitzgerald-trimalchio-early-version-great-gatsby"><I>Trimalchio: An Early Version of</I> The Great Gatsby</A>. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Cover Design by Dennis M. Arnold. Cambridge University Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-89047-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-89047-0">0-521-89047-0</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">27 July</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trimalchio%3A+An+Early+Version+of+The+Great+Gatsby&rft.series=The+Cambridge+Edition+of+the+Works+of+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-521-89047-0&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=James+L.+W.%2C+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Facademic%2Fsubjects%2Fliterature%2Famerican-literature%2Ff-scott-fitzgerald-trimalchio-early-version-great-gatsby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-59"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-59"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">West, James L. W., III (10 April 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/james-l-w-west-iii/what-baz-luhrmann-asked-m_b_3047387.html">"What Baz Luhrmann Asked Me About <I>The Great Gatsby</I>"</A>. <I>The Huffington Post</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">27 July</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>Luhrmann was also interested in <I>Trimalchio</I>, the early version of <I>The Great Gatsby</I> that I published in 2000 as a volume in the Cambridge Edition.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=What+Baz+Luhrmann+Asked+Me+About+The+Great+Gatsby&rft.date=2013-04-10&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=James+L.+W.%2C+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fjames-l-w-west-iii%2Fwhat-baz-luhrmann-asked-m_b_3047387.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-60"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-60"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Alter, Alexandra (19 April 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:54WACvpKrdoJ:online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324030704578426990802631684.html+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us">"A Darker, More Ruthless Gatsby"</A>. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324030704578426990802631684#articleTabs=article">the original</A> on 3 July 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 July</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>Gatsby comes across as more confident and aggressive in 'Trimalchio' during a confrontation with romantic rival Tom Buchanan at the Plaza Hotel, challenging Tom's assertion that Gatsby and Daisy's affair is 'a harmless little flirtation.'</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Darker%2C+More+Ruthless+Gatsby&rft.pub=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.date=2013-04-19&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424127887324030704578426990802631684%23articleTabs%3Darticle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-61"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-61"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Fitzgerald, F. Scott. <I>The Great Gatsby</I>. New York: Scribner, 2004. Print.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-62"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-62"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A href="/wiki/Sarah_Churchwell" title="Sarah Churchwell">Churchwell, Sarah</A> (3 May 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/may/03/what-makes-great-gatsby?CMP=twt_gu&CMP=NECNETTXT766">"What makes The Great Gatsby great?"</A>. <I>The Guardian</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 October</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=What+makes+The+Great+Gatsby+great%3F&rft.date=2013-05-03&rft.aulast=Churchwell&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2013%2Fmay%2F03%2Fwhat-makes-great-gatsby%3FCMP%3Dtwt_gu%26CMP%3DNECNETTXT766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-boston-63"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-boston_63-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-boston_63-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Symkus, Ed (4 May 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2013/05/04/gatsby-what-great/jiqRfty6ySLbZUXpXWf3sL/story.html">"<SPAN style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</SPAN>Gatsby': What's so great?"</A>. <I>Boston Globe</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=%27Gatsby%27%3A+What%27s+so+great%3F&rft.date=2013-05-04&rft.aulast=Symkus&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Farts%2Fmovies%2F2013%2F05%2F04%2Fgatsby-what-great%2FjiqRfty6ySLbZUXpXWf3sL%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-gillespie-64"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-gillespie_64-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-gillespie_64-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-gillespie_64-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A href="/wiki/Nick_Gillespie" title="Nick Gillespie">Gillespie, Nick</A> (2 May 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reason.com/archives/2013/05/02/the-great-gatsbys-creative-destruction/print">"The Great Gatsby's Creative Destruction"</A>. Reason<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">12 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Great+Gatsby%27s+Creative+Destruction&rft.date=2013-05-02&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freason.com%2Farchives%2F2013%2F05%2F02%2Fthe-great-gatsbys-creative-destruction%2Fprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-65"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-65"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Pearson, Roger L. "Gatsby: False Prophet of the American Dream." The English Journal 59.5 (1970): n. pag. JSTOR. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-66"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-66"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Leland, Person S. "'Herstory' and Daisy Buchanan." American Literature, Vol. 50, No. 2, (May, 1978), pp. 250–257. Web.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-lc-67"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-lc_67-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-lc_67-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-lc_67-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">O'Meara, Lauraleigh (2002). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415940559/"><I>Lost City: Fitzgerald's New York</I></A> (1st paperback ed.). Routledge. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-86701-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-86701-6">978-0-415-86701-6</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">21 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+City%3A+Fitzgerald%27s+New+York&rft.edition=1st+paperback&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-86701-6&rft.aulast=O%27Meara&rft.aufirst=Lauraleigh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Fbooks%2Fdetails%2F9780415940559%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-nytreview-68"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-nytreview_68-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Clark, Edwin (19 April 1925). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/12/24/specials/fitzgerald-gatsby.html">"Scott Fitzgerald Looks Into Middle Age"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Scott+Fitzgerald+Looks+Into+Middle+Age&rft.date=1925-04-19&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F00%2F12%2F24%2Fspecials%2Ffitzgerald-gatsby.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-latreview-69"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-latreview_69-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Ford, Lillian C. (10 May 1925). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/features/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-great-gatsby-review-book-1925-20130506,0,3860329.story">"The Seamy Side of Society"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=The+Seamy+Side+of+Society&rft.date=1925-05-10&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Lillian+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Ffeatures%2Fbooks%2Fjacketcopy%2Fla-et-jc-great-gatsby-review-book-1925-20130506%2C0%2C3860329.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-nypreview-70"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-nypreview_70-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">"Books On Our Table". <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Post">The New York Post</A></I>. 5 May 1925.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Post&rft.atitle=Books+On+Our+Table&rft.date=1925-05-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-nyhtreview-71"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-nyhtreview_71-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">"Turns with a Bookworm". <I><A href="/wiki/New_York_Herald_Tribune" title="New York Herald Tribune">New York Herald Tribune</A></I>. 12 April 1925.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turns+with+a+Bookworm&rft.date=1925-04-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-ctreview-72"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-ctreview_72-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken, H. L.</A> (3 May 1925). "Scott Fitzgerald and His Work". <I><A href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">The Chicago Daily Tribune</A></I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chicago+Daily+Tribune&rft.atitle=Scott+Fitzgerald+and+His+Work&rft.date=1925-05-03&rft.aulast=Mencken&rft.aufirst=H.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-dmnreview-73"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-dmnreview_73-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Eagleton, Harvey (10 May 1925). "Profits of the New Age III. F. Scott Fitzgerald". <I><A href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</A></I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dallas+Morning+News&rft.atitle=Profits+of+the+New+Age+III.+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald&rft.date=1925-05-10&rft.aulast=Eagleton&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-tpreview-74"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-tpreview_74-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">McClure, John (31 May 1925). "Literature-And Less". <I><A href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune" title="The Times-Picayune">The Times-Picayune</A></I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Literature-And+Less&rft.date=1925-05-31&rft.aulast=McClure&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-slpdreview-75"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-slpdreview_75-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Coghlan, Ralph (25 April 1925). "F. Scott Fitzgerald". <I><A href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</A></I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Louis+Post-Dispatch&rft.atitle=F.+Scott+Fitzgerald&rft.date=1925-04-25&rft.aulast=Coghlan&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-nyewreview-76"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-nyewreview_76-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Snyder, Ruth (15 April 1925). "A Minute or Two with Books-F. Scott Fitzgerald Ventures". <I><A href="/wiki/New_York_World" title="New York World">New York Evening World</A></I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Evening+World&rft.atitle=A+Minute+or+Two+with+Books-F.+Scott+Fitzgerald+Ventures&rft.date=1925-04-15&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Mizener_1951_167-77"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Mizener_1951_167_77-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFMizener1951">Mizener 1951</A>, p. 167</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Bruccoli_2000_175-78"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_175_78-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_175_78-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBruccoli2000">Bruccoli 2000</A>, p. 175</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-79"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-79"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Howell, Peter (5 May 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/movies/2013/05/05/five_things_you_didnt_know_about_the_great_gatsby.html">"Five things you didn't know about The Great Gatsby"</A>. <I>The Star</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Five+things+you+didn%27t+know+about+The+Great+Gatsby&rft.date=2013-05-05&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2F2013%2F05%2F05%2Ffive_things_you_didnt_know_about_the_great_gatsby.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-usatodaysales-80"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-usatodaysales_80-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-usatodaysales_80-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Donahue, Deirdre (7 May 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/books/2013/05/07/the-great-gatsby-is-a-bestseller-this-week/2133269/">"<I>The Great Gatsby</I> by the numbers"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">12 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=The+Great+Gatsby+by+the+numbers&rft.date=2013-05-07&rft.aulast=Donahue&rft.aufirst=Deirdre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2Fbooks%2F2013%2F05%2F07%2Fthe-great-gatsby-is-a-bestseller-this-week%2F2133269%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-81"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-81"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0924.html">"Scott Fitzgerald, Author, Dies at 44"</A>. <I>New York Times</I>. 23 December 1940<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">30 August</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Scott+Fitzgerald%2C+Author%2C+Dies+at+44&rft.date=1940-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbday%2F0924.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-mizener2-82"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-mizener2_82-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A href="/wiki/Arthur_Mizener" title="Arthur Mizener">Mizener, Arthur</A> (24 April 1960). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/12/24/specials/fitzgerald-gatsby60.html">"Gatsby, 35 Years Later"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">12 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>Writers like John O'Hara were showing its influence and younger men like Edward Newhouse and Budd Schulberg, who would presently be deeply affected by it, were discovering it.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gatsby%2C+35+Years+Later&rft.date=1960-04-24&rft.aulast=Mizener&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F00%2F12%2F24%2Fspecials%2Ffitzgerald-gatsby60.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-83"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-83"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Wittels, David (23 June 1945). "What the G.I. Reads". <I>The Saturday Evening Post</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Saturday+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=What+the+G.I.+Reads&rft.date=1945-06-23&rft.aulast=Wittels&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-84"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-84"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Cole, John Y., ed. (1984). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/becites/cfb/84600198.html"><I>Books in Action: the Armed Services Editions</I></A>. Washington: Library of Congress. p. 28. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0844404667" title="Special:BookSources/0844404667">0844404667</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>One hundred fifty-five thousand ASE copies of The Great Gatsby were distributed-as against the twenty-five thousand copies of the novel printed by Scribners between 1925 and 1942.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Books+in+Action%3A+the+Armed+Services+Editions&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0844404667&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatdir.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Ftoc%2Fbecites%2Fcfb%2F84600198.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-85"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-85"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Beckwith, Ryan Teague (12 May 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/entertainment/ci_23210783/from-good-sales-great-wartime-boosted-gatsby">"A novel fact: Wartime – and the U.S. military – boosted sales of 'The Great Gatsby' from good to 'Great<SPAN style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</SPAN>"</A>. <I>The Denver Post</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Denver+Post&rft.atitle=A+novel+fact%3A+Wartime+%E2%80%93+and+the+U.S.+military+%E2%80%93+boosted+sales+of+%27The+Great+Gatsby%27+from+good+to+%27Great%27&rft.date=2013-05-12&rft.aulast=Beckwith&rft.aufirst=Ryan+Teague&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fci_23210783%2Ffrom-good-sales-great-wartime-boosted-gatsby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-86"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-86"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Verghis, Sharon (4 May 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/review/careless-people-of-f-scott-fitzgeralds-great-gatsby-have-a-modern-equivalent/story-fn9n8gph-1226633866573">"Careless people of F Scott Fitzgerald's Great Gatsby have a modern equivalent"</A>. <I>The Australian</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Careless+people+of+F+Scott+Fitzgerald%27s+Great+Gatsby+have+a+modern+equivalent&rft.date=2013-05-04&rft.aulast=Verghis&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Farts%2Freview%2Fcareless-people-of-f-scott-fitzgeralds-great-gatsby-have-a-modern-equivalent%2Fstory-fn9n8gph-1226633866573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Bruccoli_2000_217-87"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Bruccoli_2000_217_87-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFBruccoli2000">Bruccoli 2000</A>, p. 217</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-88"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-88"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFMizener1951">Mizener 1951</A>, p. 183</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-89"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-89"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Corrigan, Maureen (2014). <I>So We Read On: How the Great Gatsby Came to Be and Why It Endures</I>. New York: Little, Brown. p. 265. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780316230070" title="Special:BookSources/9780316230070">9780316230070</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=So+We+Read+On%3A+How+the+Great+Gatsby+Came+to+Be+and+Why+It+Endures&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780316230070&rft.aulast=Corrigan&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-90"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-90"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Grossberg, Michael (20 April 2009). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/life_and_entertainment/2009/04/19/1_GATSBY.ART_ART_04-19-09_E2_75DIL9D.html">"Literary classic 'Great Gatsby' to come to life on BalletMet stage"</A>. <I>The Columbus Dispatch</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">28 August</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Columbus+Dispatch&rft.atitle=Literary+classic+%27Great+Gatsby%27+to+come+to+life+on+BalletMet+stage&rft.date=2009-04-20&rft.aulast=Grossberg&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dispatch.com%2Fcontent%2Fstories%2Flife_and_entertainment%2F2009%2F04%2F19%2F1_GATSBY.ART_ART_04-19-09_E2_75DIL9D.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-91"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-91"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kennedy-center.org/events/?event=RKWLB">"The Washington Ballet: The Great Gatsby"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy Center">Kennedy Center</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-04-01</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Washington+Ballet%3A+The+Great+Gatsby&rft.pub=Kennedy+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kennedy-center.org%2Fevents%2F%3Fevent%3DRKWLB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-92"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-92"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Aguirre, Abby (2011-11-04). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/04/gatsby-en-pointe/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0">"Gatsby En Pointe"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-04-01</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gatsby+En+Pointe&rft.date=2011-11-04&rft.au=Aguirre%2C+Abby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F11%2F04%2Fgatsby-en-pointe%2F%3F_php%3Dtrue%26_type%3Dblogs%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-93"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-93"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Norman, Neil (2013-05-17). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/theatre/400295/Dance-Review-The-Great-Gatsby">"Dance Review: The Great Gatsby"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday Express">The Sunday Express</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-09-19</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Express&rft.atitle=Dance+Review%3A+The+Great+Gatsby&rft.date=2013-05-17&rft.au=Norman%2C+Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Fentertainment%2Ftheatre%2F400295%2FDance-Review-The-Great-Gatsby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-94"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-94"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vogue.co.uk/blogs/the-culture-edit/2013/03/the-great-gatsby-ballet---the-northern-ballet-david-nixon-interview">"The Great Gatsby's Ballet Makeover"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)" title="Vogue (magazine)">Vogue</A></I>. 2013-03-07<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-09-19</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vogue&rft.atitle=The+Great+Gatsby%27s+Ballet+Makeover&rft.date=2013-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vogue.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Fthe-culture-edit%2F2013%2F03%2Fthe-great-gatsby-ballet---the-northern-ballet-david-nixon-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-95"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-95"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Carter, Vanessa (15 July 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamezebo.com/games/classic-adventures-great-gatsby/review">"Classic Adventures: The Great Gatsby"</A>. <I>gamezebo.com</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">20 April</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>. <Q>The game loosely follows the narrative of the F. Scott Fitzgerald classic,...</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gamezebo.com&rft.atitle=Classic+Adventures%3A+The+Great+Gatsby&rft.date=2010-07-15&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamezebo.com%2Fgames%2Fclassic-adventures-great-gatsby%2Freview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-96"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-96"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Paskin, Willa (15 July 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/07/the_great_gatsby_now_a_video_g.html">"The Great Gatsby, Now a Video Game – Vulture"</A>. Nymag.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">30 August</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+Gatsby%2C+Now+a+Video+Game+%E2%80%93+Vulture&rft.pub=Nymag.com&rft.date=2010-07-15&rft.aulast=Paskin&rft.aufirst=Willa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fdaily%2Fentertainment%2F2010%2F07%2Fthe_great_gatsby_now_a_video_g.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-97"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-97"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metacritic.com/game/ios/classic-adventures-the-great-gatsby">"Classic Adventures: The Great Gatsby for iPhone/iPad Reviews"</A>. Metacritic. 2012-12-08<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-11-25</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classic+Adventures%3A+The+Great+Gatsby+for+iPhone%2FiPad+Reviews&rft.pub=Metacritic&rft.date=2012-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fgame%2Fios%2Fclassic-adventures-the-great-gatsby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-washpost-98"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-washpost_98-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Bell, Melissa (15 February 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/blog-post/2011/02/great_gatsby_nintendo_game_rel.html">"Great Gatsby 'Nintendo' game released online"</A>. <I>The Washington Post</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 February</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Great+Gatsby+%27Nintendo%27+game+released+online&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoices.washingtonpost.com%2Fblog-post%2F2011%2F02%2Fgreat_gatsby_nintendo_game_rel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-99"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-99"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Crouch, Ian (16 February 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2011/02/nintendo-lit-gatsby-and-tom-sawyer-1.html">"Nintendo Lit: Gatsby and Tom Sawyer"</A>. <I>The New Yorker</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">24 February</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Nintendo+Lit%3A+Gatsby+and+Tom+Sawyer&rft.date=2011-02-16&rft.aulast=Crouch&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fonline%2Fblogs%2Fbooks%2F2011%2F02%2Fnintendo-lit-gatsby-and-tom-sawyer-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-LFQ-100"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-LFQ_100-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-LFQ_100-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-LFQ_100-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal"><A href="/wiki/Wheeler_Winston_Dixon" title="Wheeler Winston Dixon">Dixon, Wheeler Winston</A> (2003). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131013034011/http://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-522127521/the-three-film-versions-of-the-great-gatsby-a-vision">"The Three Film Versions of The Great Gatsby: A Vision Deferred"</A>. <I>Literature/Film Quarterly</I>. Salisbury, Maryland. <B>31</B> (4). Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-522127521/the-three-film-versions-of-the-great-gatsby-a-vision">the original</A> on 13 October 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 October</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Literature%2FFilm+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Three+Film+Versions+of+The+Great+Gatsby%3A+A+Vision+Deferred&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Wheeler+Winston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Flibrary%2Fjournal%2F1P3-522127521%2Fthe-three-film-versions-of-the-great-gatsby-a-vision&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-101"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-101"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Goldberg, Carole (18 March 2007). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/life/books/article/The-Double-Bind-By-Chris-Bohjalian-1841223.php">"The Double Bind By Chris Bohjalian"</A>. <I>Houston Chronicle</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=The+Double+Bind+By+Chris+Bohjalian&rft.date=2007-03-18&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Carole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Flife%2Fbooks%2Farticle%2FThe-Double-Bind-By-Chris-Bohjalian-1841223.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-102"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-102"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Wakeman, Jessica (8 April 2014). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefrisky.com/2014-04-08/frisky-qa-great-author-sara-benincasa-talks-young-adult-fiction-zelda-fitzgerald-women-in-comedy/">"FRISKY Q&A: <I>GREAT</I> AUTHOR SARA BENINCASA TALKS YOUNG ADULT FICTION, ZELDA FITZGERALD & WOMEN IN COMEDY"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">29 November</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=FRISKY+Q%26A%3A+GREAT+AUTHOR+SARA+BENINCASA+TALKS+YOUNG+ADULT+FICTION%2C+ZELDA+FITZGERALD+%26+WOMEN+IN+COMEDY&rft.date=2014-04-08&rft.aulast=Wakeman&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefrisky.com%2F2014-04-08%2Ffrisky-qa-great-author-sara-benincasa-talks-young-adult-fiction-zelda-fitzgerald-women-in-comedy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-103"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-103"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Stevens, David (29 December 1999). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/29/style/29iht-gatsby.t.html">"Harbison Mixes Up A Great 'Gatsby<SPAN style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</SPAN>"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">8 April</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Harbison+Mixes+Up+A+Great+%27Gatsby%27&rft.date=1999-12-29&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F12%2F29%2Fstyle%2F29iht-gatsby.t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-104"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-104"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioechoes.com/family-hour-of-stars#.Va5-pqSwFe0">"Family Hour Of Stars"</A>. <I>radioechoes.com</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=radioechoes.com&rft.atitle=Family+Hour+Of+Stars&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioechoes.com%2Ffamily-hour-of-stars%23.Va5-pqSwFe0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-105"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-105"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/081021_great_gatsby.shtml">"BBC World Service programmes – The Great Gatsby"</A>. Bbc.co.uk. 2007-12-10<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">30 August</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+World+Service+programmes+%E2%80%93+The+Great+Gatsby&rft.pub=Bbc.co.uk&rft.date=2007-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fworldservice%2Fprogrammes%2F081021_great_gatsby.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-106"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-106"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01h2kvn">"BBC Radio 4 – Classic Serial, The Great Gatsby, Episode 1"</A>. Bbc.co.uk. 2012-05-12<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-11-25</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Radio+4+%E2%80%93+Classic+Serial%2C+The+Great+Gatsby%2C+Episode+1&rft.pub=Bbc.co.uk&rft.date=2012-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb01h2kvn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-107"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-107"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Playbill, reproduction of original program, Ambassador Theatre 1926. <A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.playbill.com/production/the-great-gatsby-ambassador-theatre-vault-0000001115">http://www.playbill.com/production/the-great-gatsby-ambassador-theatre-vault-0000001115</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-108"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-108"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fEsu7zItm00C&pg=PT50&dq=Play+%281926%29+script+stage+version+Gatsby+written+Owen+Davis+tredell+nicolas+dramatist+makes+several+significant+changes&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj40fC85o_NAhVGkpQKHcZlA7AQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=Play%20%281926%29%20script%20stage%20version%20Gatsby%20written%20Owen%20Davis%20tredell%20nicolas%20dramatist%20makes%20several%20significant%20changes&f=false"><I>The Great Gatsby – A Reader's Guide – The Play (1926)</I></A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Gatsby+%E2%80%93+A+Reader%27s+Guide+%E2%80%93+The+Play+%281926%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfEsu7zItm00C%26pg%3DPT50%26dq%3DPlay%2B%25281926%2529%2Bscript%2Bstage%2Bversion%2BGatsby%2Bwritten%2BOwen%2BDavis%2Btredell%2Bnicolas%2Bdramatist%2Bmakes%2Bseveral%2Bsignificant%2Bchanges%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwj40fC85o_NAhVGkpQKHcZlA7AQ6AEIHDAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DPlay%2520%25281926%2529%2520script%2520stage%2520version%2520Gatsby%2520written%2520Owen%2520Davis%2520tredell%2520nicolas%2520dramatist%2520makes%2520several%2520significant%2520changes%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-levy-109"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-levy_109-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-levy_109-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A href="/wiki/Simon_Levy" title="Simon Levy">Levy, Simon</A>. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreatgatsbyplay.com">"The Great Gatsby Play Official Website"</A>. Thegreatgatsbyplay.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-11-25</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+Gatsby+Play+Official+Website&rft.pub=Thegreatgatsbyplay.com&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreatgatsbyplay.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-110"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-110"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arizonatheatre.org/our-shows/the-great-gatsby/previews-and-reviews/">"Arizona Theatre Company"</A>. Arizonatheatre.org<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-11-25</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arizona+Theatre+Company&rft.pub=Arizonatheatre.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arizonatheatre.org%2Four-shows%2Fthe-great-gatsby%2Fpreviews-and-reviews%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-111"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-111"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Brantley, Ben (2010-12-16). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/19/theater/19brantley.html">"Hath Not a Year Highlights? Even This One?"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-04-01</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hath+Not+a+Year+Highlights%3F+Even+This+One%3F&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft.au=Brantley%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F12%2F19%2Ftheater%2F19brantley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="refbegin" style="">
<UL>
<LI><CITE class="citation book"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Batchelor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Batchelor (page does not exist)">Batchelor, Bob</A> (2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780810891951"><I>Gatsby: The Cultural History of the Great American Novel</I></A>. <A href="/wiki/Lanham,_Maryland" title="Lanham, Maryland">Lanham, Maryland</A>: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810891951" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810891951">978-0810891951</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 July</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gatsby%3A+The+Cultural+History+of+the+Great+American+Novel&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0810891951&rft.aulast=Batchelor&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frowman.com%2FISBN%2F9780810891951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFBruccoli2000" class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/Matthew_J._Bruccoli" title="Matthew J. Bruccoli">Bruccoli, Matthew Joseph</A>, ed. (2000). <I>F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby: A Literary Reference</I>. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7867-0996-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7867-0996-0">0-7867-0996-0</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=F.+Scott+Fitzgerald%27s+The+Great+Gatsby%3A+A+Literary+Reference&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7867-0996-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFBruccoli2002" class="citation book"><A href="/wiki/Matthew_J._Bruccoli" title="Matthew J. Bruccoli">Bruccoli, Matthew Joseph</A> (2002). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sc.edu/uscpress/books/2002/3455.html"><I>Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald</I></A> (2nd rev. ed.). <A href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia, SC</A>: University of South Carolina Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57003-455-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-57003-455-9">1-57003-455-9</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">25 February</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Sort+of+Epic+Grandeur%3A+The+Life+of+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald&rft.place=Columbia%2C+SC&rft.edition=2nd+rev.&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-57003-455-9&rft.aulast=Bruccoli&rft.aufirst=Matthew+Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sc.edu%2Fuscpress%2Fbooks%2F2002%2F3455.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFMizener1951" class="citation journal"><A href="/wiki/Arthur_Mizener" title="Arthur Mizener">Mizener, Arthur</A> (1951). "<I><A href="/wiki/The_Far_Side_of_Paradise" title="The Far Side of Paradise">The Far Side of Paradise</A></I>: A Biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald". Boston: <A href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt">Houghton Mifflin Harcourt</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Far+Side+of+Paradise%3A+A+Biography+of+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Mizener&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation book">Drudzina, Douglas (2006). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tP8EMgAACAAJ"><I>Teaching F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby from Multiple Critical Perspectives</I></A>. Prestwick House, Inc. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58049-174-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58049-174-7">978-1-58049-174-7</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teaching+F.+Scott+Fitzgerald%27s+The+Great+Gatsby+from+Multiple+Critical+Perspectives&rft.pub=Prestwick+House%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-58049-174-7&rft.aulast=Drudzina&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtP8EMgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Gatsby&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>Bibliowiki has original media or text related to this article: <A href="https://biblio.wiki/wiki/Special:Search/The_Great_Gatsby" class="extiw" title="wikilivres:Special:Search/The Great Gatsby">The Great Gatsby</A> (in the <A href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_Canada#Public_domain" title="Copyright law of Canada">public domain in Canada</A>)</LI>
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<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greatgatsby.org/"><I>The Great Gatsby</I> overview</A></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation book">Fitzgerald, F. Scott. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200041.txt"><I>The Great Gatsby</I></A> (plain text ed.). <A href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg_Australia" title="Project Gutenberg Australia">Project Gutenberg Australia</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Gatsby&rft.edition=plain+text&rft.pub=Project+Gutenberg+Australia&rft.au=Fitzgerald%2C+F.+Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.net.au%2Febooks02%2F0200041.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litkicks.com/InGatsbysTracks">"In Gatsby's Tracks – Locating the Valley of Ashes"</A>. <I>litkicks.com</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=litkicks.com&rft.atitle=In+Gatsby%27s+Tracks+%E2%80%93+Locating+the+Valley+of+Ashes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.litkicks.com%2FInGatsbysTracks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Great+Gatsby" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreatgatsbyplay.com/"><I>The Great Gatsby Play</I></A> – Authorized and Granted Exclusive Rights by the Fitzgerald Estate</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130704053653/http://conversations.psu.edu/episodes/linda_miller"><I>Conversations from Penn State</I>: Writers of the Lost Generation</A> with Linda Patterson Miller discussing F. Scott Fitzgerald and his relationships with other writers of the "Lost Generation"</LI>
<LI>Oloizia, Jeff; Dhanraj, Emanuel (9 April 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/04/14/t-magazine/14document.html">"A Book by Its Covers"</A> (interactive photo gallery). <I><A href="/wiki/T:_The_New_York_Times_Style_Magazine" title="T: The New York Times Style Magazine">T: The New York Times Style Magazine</A></I>.</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brtom.org/gg/ggind1.html">An Index to The Great Gatsby</A></LI>
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<DIV id="The_Great_Gatsby_by_F._Scott_Fitzgerald" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><I><A class="mw-selflink selflink">The Great Gatsby</A></I> by <A href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</A></DIV>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Jay_Gatsby" title="Jay Gatsby">Jay Gatsby</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nick_Carraway" title="Nick Carraway">Nick Carraway</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Daisy_Buchanan" title="Daisy Buchanan">Daisy Buchanan</A></LI>
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<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(1926_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (1926 film)">The Great Gatsby</A></I> (1926)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(1949_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (1949 film)">The Great Gatsby</A></I> (1949)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(1974_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (1974 film)">The Great Gatsby</A></I> (1974)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(2000_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (2000 film)">The Great Gatsby</A></I> (2000)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(2013_film)" title="The Great Gatsby (2013 film)">The Great Gatsby</A></I> (2013)</LI>
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<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby:_Music_from_Baz_Luhrmann%27s_Film" title="The Great Gatsby: Music from Baz Luhrmann's Film">The Great Gatsby: Music from Baz Luhrmann's Film</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(opera)" title="The Great Gatsby (opera)"><I>The Great Gatsby</I> (opera)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/G_(2002_film)" title="G (2002 film)"><I>G</I></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Francis_Cugat" title="Francis Cugat">Francis Cugat</A></LI>
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<DIV id="Works_by_F._Scott_Fitzgerald" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Category:Works_by_F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="Category:Works by F. Scott Fitzgerald">Works</A> by <A href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</A></DIV>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Category:Novels_by_F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="Category:Novels by F. Scott Fitzgerald">Novels</A></TH>
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<UL>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/This_Side_of_Paradise" title="This Side of Paradise">This Side of Paradise</A></I> (1920)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Beautiful_and_Damned" title="The Beautiful and Damned">The Beautiful and Damned</A></I> (1922)</LI>
<LI><I><A class="mw-selflink selflink">The Great Gatsby</A></I> (1925)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Tender_Is_the_Night" title="Tender Is the Night">Tender Is the Night</A></I> (1934)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Last_Tycoon" title="The Last Tycoon">The Last Tycoon</A></I> [<I>unfinished</I>] (1941)</LI>
</UL>
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<DIV><A href="/wiki/File:F_Scott_Fitzgerald_1921.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="F Scott Fitzgerald 1921.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/F_Scott_Fitzgerald_1921.jpg/100px-F_Scott_Fitzgerald_1921.jpg" width="100" height="136" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/F_Scott_Fitzgerald_1921.jpg/150px-F_Scott_Fitzgerald_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/F_Scott_Fitzgerald_1921.jpg/200px-F_Scott_Fitzgerald_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="767" /></A></DIV>
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collections</A></TH>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><I><A href="/wiki/Flappers_and_Philosophers" title="Flappers and Philosophers">Flappers and Philosophers</A></I><BR />
(1920)</TH>
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<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/The_Offshore_Pirate" title="The Offshore Pirate">The Offshore Pirate</A>"</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/The_Ice_Palace" title="The Ice Palace">The Ice Palace</A>"</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Head_and_Shoulders_(short_story)" title="Head and Shoulders (short story)">Head and Shoulders</A>"</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/The_Cut-Glass_Bowl" title="The Cut-Glass Bowl">The Cut-Glass Bowl</A>"</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Bernice_Bobs_Her_Hair" title="Bernice Bobs Her Hair">Bernice Bobs Her Hair</A>"</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Benediction_(short_story)" title="Benediction (short story)">Benediction</A>"</LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><I><A href="/wiki/Tales_of_the_Jazz_Age" title="Tales of the Jazz Age">Tales of the Jazz Age</A></I><BR />
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<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/May_Day_(short_story)" title="May Day (short story)">May Day</A>"</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Diamond_as_Big_as_the_Ritz" title="The Diamond as Big as the Ritz">The Diamond as Big as the Ritz</A></I></LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/The_Curious_Case_of_Benjamin_Button_(short_story)" title="The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (short story)">The Curious Case of Benjamin Button</A>"</LI>
</UL>
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</TD>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><I><A href="/wiki/All_the_Sad_Young_Men" title="All the Sad Young Men">All the Sad Young Men</A></I><BR />
(1926)</TH>
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<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
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<LI>"<A href="/wiki/The_Rich_Boy" title="The Rich Boy">The Rich Boy</A>"</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Winter_Dreams" title="Winter Dreams">Winter Dreams</A>"</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/The_Baby_Party" title="The Baby Party">The Baby Party</A>"</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Absolution_(short_story)" title="Absolution (short story)">Absolution</A>"</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/w/index.php?title=The_Adjuster_(short_story)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Adjuster (short story) (page does not exist)">The Adjuster</A>"</LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><I><A href="/wiki/Taps_at_Reveille" title="Taps at Reveille">Taps at Reveille</A></I><BR />
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<LI>"<A href="/wiki/The_Freshest_Boy" title="The Freshest Boy">The Freshest Boy</A>"</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/First_Blood_(short_story)" title="First Blood (short story)">First Blood</A>"</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Crazy_Sunday" title="Crazy Sunday">Crazy Sunday</A>"</LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/Babylon_Revisited" title="Babylon Revisited">Babylon Revisited</A>"</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posthumous works</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
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<UL>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Babylon_Revisited_and_Other_Stories" title="Babylon Revisited and Other Stories">Babylon Revisited and Other Stories</A></I> (1960)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Basil_and_Josephine_Stories" title="The Basil and Josephine Stories">The Basil and Josephine Stories</A></I> (1962)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Pat_Hobby_Stories" title="The Pat Hobby Stories">The Pat Hobby Stories</A></I> (1973)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Short_Stories_of_F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="The Short Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald">The Short Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald</A></I> (1989)</LI>
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<UL>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Vegetable,_or_From_President_to_Postman" title="The Vegetable, or From President to Postman">The Vegetable, or From President to Postman</A></I> (1923)</LI>
</UL>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essay collections</TH>
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<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Crack-Up" title="The Crack-Up">The Crack-Up</A></I> (1945)</LI>
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<DIV><A href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald_bibliography" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald bibliography">Bibliography of F. Scott Fitzgerald</A></DIV>
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					<LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><A href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="غاتسبي العظيم (رواية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast"><A href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><A href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_Getsbi" title="Böyük Getsbi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><A href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%93%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%96_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Вялікі Гэтсбі (раман) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><A href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Великият Гетсби – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><A href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_gran_Gatsby" title="El gran Gatsby – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><A href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velk%C3%BD_Gatsby_(rom%C3%A1n)" title="Velký Gatsby (román) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><A href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><A href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_store_Gatsby" title="Den store Gatsby – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_gro%C3%9Fe_Gatsby" title="Der große Gatsby – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><A href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suur_Gatsby" title="Suur Gatsby – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_gran_Gatsby" title="El gran Gatsby – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><A href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Grandioza_Gatsby" title="La Grandioza Gatsby – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><A href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatsby_Handia" title="Gatsby Handia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><A href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="گتسبی بزرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><A href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatsby_le_Magnifique" title="Gatsby le Magnifique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><A href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Gran_Gatsby" title="O Gran Gatsby – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><A href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C_%EA%B0%9C%EC%B8%A0%EB%B9%84" title="위대한 개츠비 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><A href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%AE%D5%B6_%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%BD%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%B6_(%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BA)" title="Մեծն Գեթսբին (վեպ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><A href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Gatsby" title="Veliki Gatsby – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io"><A href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><A href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_grande_Gatsby" title="Il grande Gatsby – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C" title="גטסבי הגדול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><A href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%93%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Ұлы Гэтсби – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky"><A href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%93%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Улуу Гэтсби – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><A href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><A href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lielais_Getsbijs" title="Lielais Getsbijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><A href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_nagy_Gatsby_(reg%C3%A9ny)" title="A nagy Gatsby (regény) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><A href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Големиот Гетсби – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><A href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF" title="ദ ഗ്രെയ്റ്റ് ഗാറ്റ്സ്ബി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><A href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_grote_Gatsby" title="De grote Gatsby – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A3%E3%83%84%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC" title="グレート・ギャツビー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_store_Gatsby" title="Den store Gatsby – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc"><A href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatsby_lo_Magnific" title="Gatsby lo Magnific – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielki_Gatsby" title="Wielki Gatsby – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Grande_Gatsby_(livro)" title="O Grande Gatsby (livro) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><A href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marele_Gatsby" title="Marele Gatsby – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%93%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Великий Гэтсби – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><A href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si"><A href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><A href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><A href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_Gatsby_(rom%C3%A1n)" title="Veľký Gatsby (román) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><A href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A8%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%86" title="گاتسبیی مەزن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><A href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Велики Гетсби – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><A href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultahattu" title="Kultahattu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_store_Gatsby" title="Den store Gatsby – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><A href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="รักเธอสุดที่รัก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhte%C5%9Fem_Gatsby" title="Muhteşem Gatsby – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%96" title="Великий Гетсбі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><A href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatsby_v%C4%A9_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i" title="Gatsby vĩ đại – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%86%E4%B8%8D%E8%B5%B7%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%96%E8%8C%A8%E6%AF%94" title="了不起的盖茨比 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI>				</UL>
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document_title: The Great Gatsby

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token: српскохрватски

question_text: where does the story the great gatsby take place