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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">World population</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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<DIV class="mbox-text-span">An editor has expressed concern that this article <B>may have a number of irrelevant <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</A></B>. <SPAN class="hide-when-compact">Please help <A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit">improve this article</A> by <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</A> these references and <A href="/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">challenge</A> any that are not <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">reliable</A> or do not <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">support the article</A>.</SPAN> <SMALL><I>(March 2016)</I></SMALL> <SMALL class="hide-when-compact"><I>(<A href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</A>)</I></SMALL></DIV>
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World population estimates from 1800 to 2100, based on "high", "medium" and "low" <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm">United Nations projections in 2015</A> and <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/">UN historical estimates</A> for pre-1950 data</DIV>
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Population growth graph <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.uk/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&met_y=sp_pop_totl&idim=country:GBR:FRA:DEU&hl=en&dl=en#!ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=sp_pop_totl&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=region&idim=region:EAS:ECS:LCN:MEA:NAC:SAS:SSF&ifdim=region&tstart=-298602000000&tend=1405465200000&hl=en_US&dl=en&ind=false">generated</A> with <A href="/wiki/Public_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Public data">data</A> supplied by <A href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</A>, via <A href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</A></DIV>
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World population percentage by country</DIV>
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<P>In <A href="/wiki/Demographics" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics">demographics</A>, the <B>world population</B> is the total number of <A href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</A> currently living, and was estimated to have reached 7.6 billion as of March 2018.<SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP></P>
<P>World population has experienced <A href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">continuous growth</A> since the end of the <A href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_1315%E2%80%9317" title="Great Famine of 1315–17">Great Famine of 1315–17</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</A> in 1350, when it was near 370 million.<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP> The highest <A href="/wiki/Population_growth_rates" class="mw-redirect" title="Population growth rates">population growth rates</A> – global population increases above 1.8% per year – occurred between 1955 and 1975, peaking to 2.06% between 1965 and 1970.<SUP id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-:1-3">[3]</A></SUP> The growth rate has declined to 1.18% between 2010 and 2015 and is projected to decline further in the course of the 21st century.<SUP id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-:1-3">[3]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Total annual births were highest in the late 1980s at about 139 million,<SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP> and as of 2011 were expected to remain essentially constant at a level of 135 million,<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP> while deaths numbered 56 million per year and were expected to increase to 80 million per year by 2040.<SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Median_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Median age">median age</A> of the world's population was estimated to be 30.1 years in 2016.<SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP></P>
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<TH colspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"><B>World population</B> (millions, UN estimates)<SUP id="cite_ref-WPP2015total_8-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WPP2015total-8">[8]</A></SUP></TH>
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<TR>
<TH style="background:#cfb;">#</TH>
<TH style="background:#cfb;"><SMALL>Top ten most populous countries</SMALL></TH>
<TH style="background:#cfb;">2000</TH>
<TH style="background:#cfb;">2015</TH>
<TH style="background:#cfb;">2030*</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:right;">1</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China" title="Demographics of China">China</A>*</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">1,270</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">1,376</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">1,416</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:right;">2</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/India" title="India"><IMG alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">India</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">1,053</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">1,311</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">1,528</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:right;">3</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the United States">United States</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">283</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">322</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">356</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:right;">4</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><IMG alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Indonesia" title="Demographics of Indonesia">Indonesia</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">212</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">258</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">295</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:right;">5</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><IMG alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Brazil" title="Demographics of Brazil">Brazil</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">176</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">208</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">229</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:right;">6</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><IMG alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">Pakistan</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">138</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">189</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">245</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:right;">7</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><IMG alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nigeria" title="Demographics of Nigeria">Nigeria</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">123</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">182</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">263</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:right;">8</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><IMG alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh" title="Demographics of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">131</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">161</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">186</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:right;">9</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><IMG alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia" title="Demographics of Russia">Russia</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">146</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">146</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">149</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:right;">10</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><IMG alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="480" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mexico" title="Demographics of Mexico">Mexico</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">103</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">127</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">148</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="background:#cfb;">
<TD style="text-align:right;"></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left; background:#cfb;"><B>World total</B></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right; background:#cfb;">6,127</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right; background:#cfb;">7,349</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right; background:#cfb;">8,501</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="5" style="text-align:left;"><SMALL>Notes:</SMALL>
<UL>
<LI><SMALL>China = excludes <A href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</A> and <A href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</A></SMALL></LI>
<LI><SMALL>2030 = Medium variant</SMALL></LI>
</UL>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P></P>
<DIV id="toc" class="toc">
<DIV class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">
<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Population_by_region"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Population by region</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><A href="#Population_by_continent"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Population by continent</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><A href="#History"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">History</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><A href="#Antiquity_and_Middle_Ages"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Antiquity and Middle Ages</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><A href="#Modern_era"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Modern era</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><A href="#Milestones_by_the_billions"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Milestones by the billions</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><A href="#Global_demographics"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Global demographics</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><A href="#Largest_populations_by_country"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Largest populations by country</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><A href="#Most_densely_populated_countries"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Most densely populated countries</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><A href="#Fluctuation"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Fluctuation</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><A href="#Population_growth_by_region"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Population growth by region</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><A href="#Past_population"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Past population</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><A href="#Projections"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Projections</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><A href="#Mathematical_approximations"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Mathematical approximations</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><A href="#Years_for_world_population_to_double"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Years for world population to double</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><A href="#Overpopulation"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Overpopulation</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><A href="#Predictions_of_scarcity"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Predictions of scarcity</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><A href="#Environmental_impacts"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Environmental impacts</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><A href="#Population_control"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Population control</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><A href="#Overpopulation_skepticism"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Overpopulation skepticism</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><A href="#Notes"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Notes</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<P></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Population_by_region">Population by region</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Population by region">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Six of the <A href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</A>'s seven <A href="/wiki/Continents" class="mw-redirect" title="Continents">continents</A> are permanently inhabited on a large scale. <A href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</A> is the most populous continent, with its 4.3 billion inhabitants accounting for 60% of the world population. The world's two most populated countries, <A href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</A> and <A href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</A>, together constitute about 37% of the world's population. <A href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</A> is the second most populated continent, with around 1 billion people, or 15% of the world's population. <A href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</A>'s 733 million people make up 12% of the world's population as of 2012, while the <A href="/wiki/Latin_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American">Latin American</A> and <A href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</A> regions are home to around 600 million (9%). <A href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">Northern America</A>, primarily consisting of the <A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</A> and <A href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</A>, has a population of around 352 million (5%), and <A href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</A>, the least-populated region, has about 35 million inhabitants (0.5%).<SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP> Though it is not permanently inhabited by any fixed population, <A href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</A> has a small, fluctuating international population based mainly in polar <A href="/wiki/Research_stations_in_Antarctica" title="Research stations in Antarctica">science stations</A>. This population tends to rise in the summer months and decrease significantly in winter, as visiting researchers return to their home countries.<SUP id="cite_ref-AntarcticCIA_10-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-AntarcticCIA-10">[10]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Population_by_continent">Population by continent</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Population by continent">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<TABLE class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter">
<CAPTION>Population by continent (2016 estimates)</CAPTION>
<THEAD><TR>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Continent</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Density<BR />
(inhabitants/km<SUP>2</SUP>)</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Population<BR />
(millions)</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Most populous country</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Most populous city (metropolitan area)</TH>
</TR></THEAD><TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">96.4</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">4,436</TD>
<TD>1,382,300,000<SUP id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-11">[note 1]</A></SUP> - <SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</A></TD>
<TD>35,676,000/13,634,685 - <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><IMG alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Greater Tokyo Area</A>/<A href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo Metropolis</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">36.7</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">1,216</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN>186,987,000 - <SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</A></TD>
<TD>21,000,000 - <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><IMG alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">72.9</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">738</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN>145,939,000 - <SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</A>;<BR />
approx. <A href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">112 million in Europe</A>)</TD>
<TD>19,468,664 - <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><IMG alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</A><SUP id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-12">[note 2]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">22.9</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">579</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN>324,991,600 - <SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</A></TD>
<TD>23,723,696/<SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN>8,537,673 - <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/New_York_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Metropolitan Area">New York Metropolitan Area</A>/<A href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">22.8</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">422</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN>209,567,000 - <SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</A></TD>
<TD>27,640,577/11,316,149 - <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><IMG alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">Metro Area</A>/<A href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo City</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">4.5</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">39.9</TD>
<TD><SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN><SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN>24,458,800 - <SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</A></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN>5,005,400 - <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><IMG alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">0.0003<BR />
(varies)</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right">0.004 in summer<BR />
(non-permanent, varies)<SUP id="cite_ref-AntarcticCIA_10-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-AntarcticCIA-10">[10]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD>N/A<SUP id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-13">[note 3]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD><SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN><SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN><SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN><SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN><SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN><SPAN style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</SPAN>1,200 (non-permanent, varies) - <A href="/wiki/McMurdo_Station" title="McMurdo Station">McMurdo Station</A></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY><TFOOT></TFOOT></TABLE>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="History">History</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <A href="/wiki/World_population_estimates" title="World population estimates">World population estimates</A> and <A href="/wiki/History_of_the_world" title="History of the world">History of the world</A></DIV>
<P>Estimates of world population by their nature are an aspect of <A href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">modernity</A>, possible only since the <A href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</A>. Early estimates for the population of the world<SUP id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-14">[11]</A></SUP> date to the 17th century: <A href="/wiki/William_Petty" title="William Petty">William Petty</A> in 1682 estimated world population at 320 million (modern estimates ranging close to twice this number); by the late 18th century, estimates ranged close to one billion (consistent with modern estimates).<SUP id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-15">[12]</A></SUP> More refined estimates, broken down by continents, were published in the first half of the 19th century, at 600 to 1000 million in the early 1800s and at 800 to 1000 million in the 1840s.<SUP id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-16">[13]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Antiquity_and_Middle_Ages">Antiquity and Middle Ages</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Antiquity and Middle Ages">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <A href="/wiki/Classical_demography" title="Classical demography">Classical demography</A> and <A href="/wiki/Medieval_demography" title="Medieval demography">Medieval demography</A></DIV>
<P>Estimates of the population of the world at the time agriculture emerged in around 10,000 BC have ranged between 1 million and 15 million.<SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[14]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[15]</A></SUP> Even earlier, genetic evidence suggests humans may have gone through a population bottleneck of between 1,000 and 10,000 people about 70,000 BC, according to the <A href="/wiki/Lake_Toba_genetic_bottleneck" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Toba genetic bottleneck">Toba catastrophe theory</A>. By contrast, it is estimated that around 50–60 million people lived in the combined eastern and western <A href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</A> in the 4th century AD.<SUP id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-19">[16]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/Plague_of_Justinian" title="Plague of Justinian">Plague of Justinian</A>, which first emerged during the reign of the <A href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</A> <A href="/wiki/Justinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian">Justinian</A>, caused Europe's population to drop by around 50% between the 6th and 8th centuries AD.<SUP id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-20">[17]</A></SUP> The population of Europe was more than 70 million in 1340.<SUP id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-21">[18]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</A> <A href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</A> of the 14th century may have reduced the world's population from an estimated 450 million in 1340 to between 350 and 375 million in 1400;<SUP id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-22">[19]</A></SUP> it took 200 years for population figures to recover.<SUP id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-23">[20]</A></SUP> The population of China decreased from 123 million in 1200 to 65 million in 1393,<SUP id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-24">[21]</A></SUP> presumably due to a combination of <A href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</A> invasions, famine, and plague.<SUP id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-25">[22]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Starting in AD 2, the <A href="/wiki/Han_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Han Dynasty">Han Dynasty</A> of <A href="/wiki/Ancient_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient China">ancient China</A> kept consistent family registers in order to properly assess the poll taxes and labor service duties of each household.<SUP id="cite_ref-nishijima_1986_pp595-96_26-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nishijima_1986_pp595-96-26">[23]</A></SUP> In that year, the population of <A href="/wiki/Western_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Han">Western Han</A> was recorded as 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households, decreasing to 47,566,772 individuals in 9,348,227 households by AD 146, towards the <A href="/wiki/End_of_the_Han_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="End of the Han Dynasty">End of the Han Dynasty</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-nishijima_1986_pp595-96_26-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-nishijima_1986_pp595-96-26">[23]</A></SUP> At the founding of the <A href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</A> in 1368, China's population was reported to be close to 60 million; toward the end of the dynasty in 1644, it may have approached 150 million.<SUP id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-27">[24]</A></SUP> England's population reached an estimated 5.6 million in 1650, up from an estimated 2.6 million in 1500.<SUP id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-28">[25]</A></SUP> New crops that were brought to Asia and Europe from the Americas by Portuguese and Spanish colonists in the 16th century are believed to have contributed to population growth.<SUP id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-29">[26]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-30">[27]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-31">[28]</A></SUP> Since their introduction to Africa by Portuguese traders in the 16th century,<SUP id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-32">[29]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</A> and <A href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</A> have similarly replaced traditional African crops as the most important <A href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</A> crops grown on the continent.<SUP id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-33">[30]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">pre-Columbian</A> North American population probably numbered somewhere between 2 million and 18 million.<SUP id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-34">[31]</A></SUP> Encounters between European explorers and populations in the rest of the world often introduced local <A href="/wiki/List_of_epidemics" title="List of epidemics">epidemics</A> of extraordinary virulence.<SUP id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-35">[32]</A></SUP> According to the most extreme scholarly claims, as many as 90% of the <A href="/wiki/Population_history_of_American_indigenous_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Population history of American indigenous peoples">Native American population</A> of the <A href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</A> died due to <A href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</A> diseases such as <A href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</A>, <A href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</A> and <A href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-36">[33]</A></SUP> Over the centuries, the Europeans had developed high degrees of immunity to these diseases, while the indigenous peoples had no such immunity.<SUP id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-37">[34]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Modern_era">Modern era</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern era">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><A href="/wiki/File:2006megacities.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/2006megacities.svg/300px-2006megacities.svg.png" width="300" height="132" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/2006megacities.svg/450px-2006megacities.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/2006megacities.svg/600px-2006megacities.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:2006megacities.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Map showing urban areas with at least one million inhabitants in 2006. Only 3% of the world's population lived in urban areas in 1800; this proportion had risen to 47% by 2000, and reached 50.5% by 2010.<SUP id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-38">[35]</A></SUP> By 2050, the proportion may reach 70%.<SUP id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-39">[36]</A></SUP></DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>During the European <A href="/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution" title="British Agricultural Revolution">Agricultural</A> and <A href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolutions</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</A> of children increased dramatically.<SUP id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-40">[37]</A></SUP> The percentage of the children born in London who <A href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">died before the age of five</A> decreased from 74.5% in 1730–1749 to 31.8% in 1810–1829.<SUP id="cite_ref-Buer_41-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Buer-41">[38]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-42">[39]</A></SUP> Between 1700 and 1900, Europe’s population increased from about 100 million to over 400 million.<SUP id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-43">[40]</A></SUP> Altogether, the areas populated by people of European descent comprised 36% of the world's population in 1900.<SUP id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-44">[41]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Population growth in the West became more rapid after the introduction of <A href="/wiki/Vaccination" title="Vaccination">vaccination</A> and other improvements in medicine and <A href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-45">[42]</A></SUP> Improved material conditions led to the population of Britain increasing from 10 million to 40 million in the 19th century.<SUP id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-46">[43]</A></SUP> The population of the United Kingdom reached 60 million in 2006.<SUP id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-47">[44]</A></SUP> The United States saw its population grow from around 5.3 million in 1800 to 106 million in 1920, exceeding 307 million in 2010.<SUP id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-48">[45]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The first half of the 20th century in <A href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial Russia</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</A> was marked by a succession of major wars, famines and other disasters which caused large-scale population losses (approximately 60 million excess deaths).<SUP id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-49">[46]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-50">[47]</A></SUP> After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia's population declined significantly – from 150 million in 1991 to 143 million in 2012<SUP id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-51">[48]</A></SUP> – but by 2013 this decline appeared to have halted.<SUP id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-52">[49]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Many countries in the <A href="/wiki/Developing_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing world">developing world</A> have experienced extremely rapid population growth since the early 20th century, due to economic development and improvements in public health. China's population rose from approximately 430 million in 1850 to 580 million in 1953,<SUP id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-53">[50]</A></SUP> and now stands at over 1.3 billion. The population of the <A href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</A>, which was about 125 million in 1750, increased to 389 million in 1941;<SUP id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-54">[51]</A></SUP> today, India, <A href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</A> and <A href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</A> are collectively home to about 1.63 billion people.<SUP id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-55">[52]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</A> had about 5 million inhabitants in 1815; its present-day successor, <A href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</A>, now has a population of over 140 million.<SUP id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-56">[53]</A></SUP> In just one hundred years, the population of Brazil decupled (x10), from about 17 million in 1900, or about 1% of the world population in that year, to about 176 million in 2000, or almost 3% of the global population in the very early 21st century. Mexico's population grew from 13.6 million in 1900 to about 112 million in 2010.<SUP id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-57">[54]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-58">[55]</A></SUP> Between the 1920s and 2000s, Kenya's population grew from 2.9 million to 37 million.<SUP id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-59">[56]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Milestones_by_the_billions">Milestones by the billions</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Milestones by the billions">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/World_population_milestones" title="World population milestones">World population milestones</A></DIV>
<TABLE class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:right; clear:right; margin-left:8px; margin-right:0;">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH colspan="10" style="text-align:center;">World population milestones in billions</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Population</TH>
<TH>1</TH>
<TH>2</TH>
<TH>3</TH>
<TH>4</TH>
<TH>5</TH>
<TH>6</TH>
<TH>7</TH>
<TH>8</TH>
<TH>9</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Year</TH>
<TD>1804</TD>
<TD>1927</TD>
<TD>1960</TD>
<TD>1974</TD>
<TD>1987</TD>
<TD>1999</TD>
<TD>2011</TD>
<TD>2024</TD>
<TD>2042</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Years elapsed</TH>
<TD>––</TD>
<TD>123</TD>
<TD>33</TD>
<TD>14</TD>
<TD>13</TD>
<TD>12</TD>
<TD>12</TD>
<TD>13</TD>
<TD>18</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>It is estimated that the world population reached one billion for the first time in 1804. It was another 123 years before it reached two billion in 1927, but it took only 33 years to reach three billion in 1960.<SUP id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-60">[57]</A></SUP> Thereafter, the global population reached four billion in 1974, five billion in 1987, six billion in 1999 and, according to the United States Census Bureau, seven billion in March 2012.<SUP id="cite_ref-USCBcite_61-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-USCBcite-61">[58]</A></SUP> The United Nations, however, estimated that the world population reached seven billion in October 2011.<SUP id="cite_ref-UN7bn_62-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-UN7bn-62">[59]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Guardian7_63-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Guardian7-63">[60]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-UPI7bn_64-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-UPI7bn-64">[61]</A></SUP></P>
<P>According to current projections, the global population will reach eight billion by 2024, and will likely reach around nine billion by 2042. Alternative scenarios for 2050 range from a low of 7.4 billion to a high of more than 10.6 billion.<SUP id="cite_ref-WorldPopProspects_65-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WorldPopProspects-65">[62]</A></SUP> Projected figures vary depending on underlying statistical assumptions and the variables used in projection calculations, especially the <A href="/wiki/Fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility rate">fertility variable</A>. Long-range predictions to 2150 range from a population decline to 3.2 billion in the "low scenario", to "high scenarios" of 24.8 billion.<SUP id="cite_ref-WorldPopProspects_65-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WorldPopProspects-65">[62]</A></SUP> One extreme scenario predicted a massive increase to 256 billion by 2150, assuming the global fertility rate remained at its 1995 level of 3.04 children per woman; however, by 2010 the global fertility rate had declined to 2.52.<SUP id="cite_ref-LongRangeProjections2003KeyFindings_66-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-LongRangeProjections2003KeyFindings-66">[63]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Fertility2010_67-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Fertility2010-67">[64]</A></SUP></P>
<P>There is no estimation for the exact day or month the world's population surpassed one or two billion. The points at which it reached three and four billion were not officially noted, but the International Database of the United States Census Bureau placed them in July 1959 and April 1974 respectively. The United Nations did determine, and commemorate, the "Day of 5 Billion" on July 11, 1987, and the "Day of 6 Billion" on October 12, 1999. The Population Division of the United Nations declared the "<A href="/wiki/Day_of_7_Billion" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of 7 Billion">Day of 7 Billion</A>" to be October 31, 2011.<SUP id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-68">[65]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Global_demographics">Global demographics</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Global demographics">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_world" title="Demographics of the world">Demographics of the world</A></DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:382px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Esperanza_de_vida.PNG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Esperanza_de_vida.PNG/380px-Esperanza_de_vida.PNG" width="380" height="172" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Esperanza_de_vida.PNG/570px-Esperanza_de_vida.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Esperanza_de_vida.PNG/760px-Esperanza_de_vida.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2638" data-file-height="1196" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Esperanza_de_vida.PNG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
2012 map showing average <A href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</A> by country in years. In 2012, the <A href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</A> estimated the average global life expectancy as 70.5 years.<SUP id="cite_ref-WHOStats2014_69-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WHOStats2014-69">[66]</A></SUP>
<TABLE style="width:100%;">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD valign="top">
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #0000CD; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 80+</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #4169E1; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 77.5+</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #00BFFF; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 75+</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #3CB371; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 72.5+</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #32CD32; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 70+</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ADFF2F; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 67.5+</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #FFFF00; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 65+</DIV>
</TD>
<TD valign="top">
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #FFD700; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 60+</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #FF8C00; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 55+</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #FF4500; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 50+</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #FF0000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 45+</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #800000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 40+</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #000000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> less than 40</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>As of 2012, the global <A href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">sex ratio</A> is approximately 1.01 males to 1 female. The greater number of men is possibly due to the <A href="/wiki/Gender_mortality_differentials" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender mortality differentials">significant sex imbalances</A> evident in the Indian and Chinese populations.<SUP id="cite_ref-IndexWorldDemogr._70-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-IndexWorldDemogr.-70">[67]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-71">[68]</A></SUP> Approximately 26.3% of the global population is aged under 15, while 65.9% is aged 15–64 and 7.9% is aged 65 or over.<SUP id="cite_ref-IndexWorldDemogr._70-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-IndexWorldDemogr.-70">[67]</A></SUP> The median age of the world's population was estimated to be 29.7 years in 2014,<SUP id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-72">[69]</A></SUP> and is expected to rise to 37.9 years by 2050.<SUP id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-73">[70]</A></SUP></P>
<P>According to the <A href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</A>, the global average <A href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</A> is 70.5 years as of 2012, with women living an average of 73 years and men approximately 68 years.<SUP id="cite_ref-WHOStats2014_69-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WHOStats2014-69">[66]</A></SUP> In 2010, the global <A href="/wiki/Fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility rate">fertility rate</A> was estimated at 2.52 children per woman.<SUP id="cite_ref-Fertility2010_67-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Fertility2010-67">[64]</A></SUP> In June 2012, British researchers calculated the total weight of Earth's human population as approximately 287 million tonnes, with the average person weighing around 62 kilograms (137 lb).<SUP id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-74">[71]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</A> estimated nominal 2013 <A href="/wiki/Gross_world_product" title="Gross world product">gross world product</A> at US$74.31 trillion, giving an annual global per capita figure of around US$10,500.<SUP id="cite_ref-CIA_75-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-CIA-75">[72]</A></SUP> Around 1.29 billion people (18.4% of the world population) live in <A href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">extreme poverty</A>, subsisting on less than US$1.25 per day;<SUP id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-76">[73]</A></SUP> approximately 870 million people (12.25%) are <A href="/wiki/Undernourished" class="mw-redirect" title="Undernourished">undernourished</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-77">[74]</A></SUP> 83% of the world's over-15s are considered <A href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literate</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-IndexWorldDemogr._70-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-IndexWorldDemogr.-70">[67]</A></SUP> In June 2014, there were around 3.03 billion global Internet users, constituting 42.3% of the world population.<SUP id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-78">[75]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</A> are the world's largest single ethnic group, constituting over 19% of the global population in 2011.<SUP id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-79">[76]</A></SUP> The world's most-spoken <A href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">first languages</A> are <A href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</A> (spoken by 12.44% of the world's population), Spanish (4.85%), English (4.83%), <A href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</A> (3.25%) and <A href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</A> (2.68%).<SUP id="cite_ref-IndexWorldDemogr._70-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-IndexWorldDemogr.-70">[67]</A></SUP> The world's largest religion is <A href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</A>, whose adherents account for 31% of the global population; <A href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</A> is the second-largest religion, accounting for 24.1%, and <A href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</A> the third, accounting for 13.78%.<SUP id="cite_ref-IndexWorldDemogr._70-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-IndexWorldDemogr.-70">[67]</A></SUP> In 2005, around 16% of the global population were reported to be <A href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">non-religious</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-80">[77]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Largest_populations_by_country">Largest populations by country</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Largest populations by country">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">List of countries and dependencies by population</A></DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:502px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Countries_and_Dependencies_by_Population_in_2014.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Countries_and_Dependencies_by_Population_in_2014.svg/500px-Countries_and_Dependencies_by_Population_in_2014.svg.png" width="500" height="229" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Countries_and_Dependencies_by_Population_in_2014.svg/750px-Countries_and_Dependencies_by_Population_in_2014.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Countries_and_Dependencies_by_Population_in_2014.svg/1000px-Countries_and_Dependencies_by_Population_in_2014.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="396" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Countries_and_Dependencies_by_Population_in_2014.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
A map of world population in 2014</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="floatright"><A href="/wiki/File:Countries_population_graph.jpeg" class="image"><IMG alt="Countries population graph.jpeg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Countries_population_graph.jpeg/500px-Countries_population_graph.jpeg" width="500" height="313" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Countries_population_graph.jpeg/750px-Countries_population_graph.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Countries_population_graph.jpeg/1000px-Countries_population_graph.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1050" /></A></DIV>
<TABLE class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="text-align:right">
<CAPTION>10 most populous countries</CAPTION>
<THEAD><TR>
<TH width="50" class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Rank</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Country / Territory</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Population</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Date</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Approx. % of world<BR />
population</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Source</TH>
</TR></THEAD><TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</A><SUP id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-81">[note 4]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD>1,390,570,000</TD>
<TD>April 26, 2018</TD>
<TD>18.3%</TD>
<TD><SUP id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-82">[78]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</A></TD>
<TD>1,330,950,000</TD>
<TD>April 26, 2018</TD>
<TD>17.5%</TD>
<TD><SUP id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-83">[79]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</A></TD>
<TD>327,029,000</TD>
<TD>April 26, 2018</TD>
<TD>4.29%</TD>
<TD><SUP id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-84">[80]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</A></TD>
<TD>261,600,000</TD>
<TD>October 31, 2016</TD>
<TD>3.43%</TD>
<TD><SUP id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-85">[81]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</A></TD>
<TD>211,367,000</TD>
<TD>April 26, 2018</TD>
<TD>2.77%</TD>
<TD><SUP id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-86">[82]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>6</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</A></TD>
<TD>208,968,000</TD>
<TD>April 26, 2018</TD>
<TD>2.74%</TD>
<TD><SUP id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-87">[83]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>7</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</A></TD>
<TD>188,500,000</TD>
<TD>October 31, 2016</TD>
<TD>2.47%</TD>
<TD><SUP id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-88">[84]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>8</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</A></TD>
<TD>164,394,000</TD>
<TD>April 26, 2018</TD>
<TD>2.16%</TD>
<TD><SUP id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-89">[85]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>9</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</A><SUP id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-90">[note 5]</A></SUP></TD>
<TD>146,773,226</TD>
<TD>June 1, 2017</TD>
<TD>1.93%</TD>
<TD><SUP id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-91">[86]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>10</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</A></TD>
<TD>126,670,000</TD>
<TD>September 1, 2017</TD>
<TD>1.66%</TD>
<TD><SUP id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-92">[87]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY><TFOOT></TFOOT></TABLE>
<P>Approximately 4.3 billion people live in these ten countries, representing around 58% of the world's population as of March 2016. Approximately 3.7 billion people, or half of the world population, live in the six most populous countries.<SUP id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-93">[88]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Most_densely_populated_countries">Most densely populated countries</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Most densely populated countries">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">List of countries and dependencies by population density</A></DIV>
<P>The tables below list the world's most densely populated countries, both in absolute terms and in comparison to their total populations.</P>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:402px;"><A href="/wiki/File:World_population_density_1994.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/World_population_density_1994.png/400px-World_population_density_1994.png" width="400" height="238" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/World_population_density_1994.png/600px-World_population_density_1994.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/World_population_density_1994.png/800px-World_population_density_1994.png 2x" data-file-width="6693" data-file-height="3977" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:World_population_density_1994.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Population density (people per km<SUP>2</SUP>) map of the world in 1994. Red and pink areas denote regions of highest population density.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<TABLE class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="text-align:right">
<CAPTION>10 most densely populated countries <SMALL>(with population above 5 million)</SMALL></CAPTION>
<THEAD><TR>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Rank</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Country</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Population</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Area (km<SUP>2</SUP>)</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Density<BR />
(Pop. per km<SUP>2</SUP>)</TH>
</TR></THEAD><TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2880" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</A></TD>
<TD>5,612,300</TD>
<TD>710</TD>
<TD>7,905</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</A></TD>
<TD>164,390,000</TD>
<TD>143,998</TD>
<TD>1,142</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</A></TD>
<TD>23,562,318</TD>
<TD>36,190</TD>
<TD>651</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</A></TD>
<TD>51,446,201</TD>
<TD>99,538</TD>
<TD>517</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</A></TD>
<TD>6,082,000</TD>
<TD>10,452</TD>
<TD>582</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>6</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</A></TD>
<TD>11,809,295</TD>
<TD>26,338</TD>
<TD>448</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>7</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</A></TD>
<TD>17,220,000</TD>
<TD>41,526</TD>
<TD>415</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>8</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</A></TD>
<TD>10,911,819</TD>
<TD>27,065</TD>
<TD>403</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>9</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</A></TD>
<TD>1,330,950,000</TD>
<TD>3,287,240</TD>
<TD>405</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>10</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="480" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</A></TD>
<TD>8,850,000</TD>
<TD>22,072</TD>
<TD>401</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY><TFOOT></TFOOT></TABLE>
<TABLE class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="text-align:right">
<CAPTION>Countries ranking highly in both total population <SMALL>(more than 20 million people)</SMALL> and population density <SMALL>(more than 250 people per square kilometer)</SMALL>:</CAPTION>
<THEAD><TR>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Rank</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Country</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Population</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Area (km<SUP>2</SUP>)</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Density<BR />
(Pop. per km<SUP>2</SUP>)</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Notes</TH>
</TR></THEAD><TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</A></TD>
<TD>1,330,950,000</TD>
<TD>3,287,240</TD>
<TD>405</TD>
<TD>Growing population</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</A></TD>
<TD>211,370,000</TD>
<TD>803,940</TD>
<TD>263</TD>
<TD>Rapidly growing population</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</A></TD>
<TD>164,390,000</TD>
<TD>143,998</TD>
<TD>1,142</TD>
<TD>Rapidly growing population</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</A></TD>
<TD>126,670,000</TD>
<TD>377,873</TD>
<TD>335</TD>
<TD>Declining population<SUP id="cite_ref-BigDecline_94-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BigDecline-94">[89]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</A></TD>
<TD>105,780,000</TD>
<TD>300,000</TD>
<TD>353</TD>
<TD>Growing population</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>6</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</A></TD>
<TD>93,700,000</TD>
<TD>331,689</TD>
<TD>282</TD>
<TD>Growing population</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>7</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</A></TD>
<TD>65,648,100</TD>
<TD>243,610</TD>
<TD>269</TD>
<TD>Slowly growing population</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>8</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</A></TD>
<TD>51,446,201</TD>
<TD>99,538</TD>
<TD>517</TD>
<TD>Slowly growing population</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>9</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</A></TD>
<TD>23,562,318</TD>
<TD>36,190</TD>
<TD>651</TD>
<TD>Steady population</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>10</TD>
<TD align="left"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</A></TD>
<TD>21,444,000</TD>
<TD>65,610</TD>
<TD>327</TD>
<TD>Growing population</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY><TFOOT></TFOOT></TABLE>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Fluctuation">Fluctuation</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fluctuation">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <A href="/wiki/World_population_growth" class="mw-redirect" title="World population growth">World population growth</A>, <A href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">Population growth</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Projections_of_population_growth" title="Projections of population growth">Projections of population growth</A></DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><A href="/wiki/File:World_population_(UN).svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/World_population_%28UN%29.svg/300px-World_population_%28UN%29.svg.png" width="300" height="266" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/World_population_%28UN%29.svg/450px-World_population_%28UN%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/World_population_%28UN%29.svg/600px-World_population_%28UN%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="1020" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:World_population_(UN).svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Estimates of population evolution in different <A href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continents</A> between 1950 and 2050, according to the United Nations. The vertical axis is <A href="/wiki/Logarithmic_scale" title="Logarithmic scale">logarithmic</A> and is in millions of people.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>Population size fluctuates at differing rates in differing regions. Nonetheless, population growth is the long-standing trend on all inhabited continents, as well as in most individual states. During the 20th century, the global population saw its greatest increase in known history, rising from about 1.6 billion in 1900 to over 6 billion in 2000. A number of factors contributed to this increase, including the lessening of the <A href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">mortality rate</A> in many countries by improved sanitation and <A href="/wiki/History_of_medicine#Modern_medicine" title="History of medicine">medical advances</A>, and a massive increase in agricultural productivity attributed to the <A href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-95">[90]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-96">[91]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-97">[92]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 2000, the United Nations estimated that the world's population was growing at an annual rate of 1.14% (equivalent to around 75 million people),<SUP id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-98">[93]</A></SUP> down from a peak of 88 million per year in 1989. By 2000, there were approximately ten times as many people on Earth as there had been in 1700. Globally, the population <A href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">growth rate</A> has been steadily declining from its peak of 2.19% in 1963, but growth remains high in Latin America, the Middle East, and <A href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-99">[94]</A></SUP></P>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Countriesbyfertilityrate.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Countriesbyfertilityrate.svg/300px-Countriesbyfertilityrate.svg.png" width="300" height="154" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Countriesbyfertilityrate.svg/450px-Countriesbyfertilityrate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Countriesbyfertilityrate.svg/600px-Countriesbyfertilityrate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Countriesbyfertilityrate.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
A world map showing global variations in <A href="/wiki/Fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility rate">fertility rate</A> per woman, according to the <A href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</A>'s 2015 data.
<DIV>
<TABLE class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #AE23AE; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 7–8 children</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #FF00FF; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 6–7 children</DIV>
</TD>
<TD style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #FF0000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 5–6 children</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #FF6600; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 4–5 children</DIV>
</TD>
<TD style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #FFFF00; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 3–4 children</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #00FF00; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 2–3 children</DIV>
</TD>
<TD style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #35B0E3; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 1–2 children</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #3555E3; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN> 0–1 children</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>During the 2010s, Japan and some countries in <A href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</A> began to encounter <A href="/wiki/Negative_population_growth" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative population growth">negative population growth</A> (i.e. a <A href="/wiki/Net_(economics)" title="Net (economics)">net</A> decrease in population over time), due to <A href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility" title="Sub-replacement fertility">sub-replacement fertility</A> rates.<SUP id="cite_ref-BigDecline_94-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BigDecline-94">[89]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 2006, the United Nations stated that the rate of population growth was visibly diminishing due to the ongoing global <A href="/wiki/Demographic_transition" title="Demographic transition">demographic transition</A>. If this trend continues, the rate of growth may diminish to zero by 2050, concurrent with a world population plateau of 9.2 billion.<SUP id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-100">[95]</A></SUP> However, this is only one of many estimates published by the UN; in 2009, UN population projections for 2050 ranged between around 8 billion and 10.5 billion.<SUP id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-101">[96]</A></SUP> An alternative scenario is given by the statistician Jorgen Randers, who argues that traditional projections insufficiently take into account the downward impact of global urbanization on fertility. Randers' "most likely scenario" reveals a peak in the world population in the early 2040s at about 8.1 billion people, followed by decline.<SUP id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-102">[97]</A></SUP> Adrian Raftery, a <A href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</A> professor of statistics and of sociology, states that "there’s a 70 percent probability the world population will not stabilize this century. Population, which had sort of fallen off the world’s agenda, remains a very important issue."<SUP id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-103">[98]</A></SUP></P>
<UL class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<LI class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<DIV style="width: 155px">
<DIV class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<DIV style="margin:38.5px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:Population_curve.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Population_curve.svg/120px-Population_curve.svg.png" width="120" height="73" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Population_curve.svg/180px-Population_curve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Population_curve.svg/240px-Population_curve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="332" /></A></DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="gallerytext">
<P>Estimated world population figures, <A href="/wiki/10th_millennium_BC" title="10th millennium BC">10,000 BC</A>–AD 2000</P>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</LI>
<LI class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<DIV style="width: 155px">
<DIV class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<DIV style="margin:39px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:World_population_growth_(lin-log_scale).png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/World_population_growth_%28lin-log_scale%29.png/120px-World_population_growth_%28lin-log_scale%29.png" width="120" height="72" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/World_population_growth_%28lin-log_scale%29.png/180px-World_population_growth_%28lin-log_scale%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/World_population_growth_%28lin-log_scale%29.png/240px-World_population_growth_%28lin-log_scale%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></A></DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="gallerytext">
<P>Estimated world population figures, 10,000 BC–AD 2000 (in <A href="/wiki/Logarithmic_scale" title="Logarithmic scale">log y scale</A>)</P>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</LI>
<LI class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<DIV style="width: 155px">
<DIV class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<DIV style="margin:39px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:World_population_history.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/World_population_history.svg/120px-World_population_history.svg.png" width="120" height="72" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/World_population_history.svg/180px-World_population_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/World_population_history.svg/240px-World_population_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></A></DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="gallerytext">
<P>World population figures, 1950–2000</P>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</LI>
<LI class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<DIV style="width: 155px">
<DIV class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<DIV style="margin:46.5px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg/120px-World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg.png" width="120" height="57" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg/180px-World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg/240px-World_population_growth_rate_1950%E2%80%932050.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="900" /></A></DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="gallerytext">
<P>Estimated global growth rates, 1950–2050</P>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</LI>
<LI class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<DIV style="width: 155px">
<DIV class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<DIV style="margin:15px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:UN_DESA_continent_population_1950_to_2100.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/UN_DESA_continent_population_1950_to_2100.svg/120px-UN_DESA_continent_population_1950_to_2100.svg.png" width="120" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/UN_DESA_continent_population_1950_to_2100.svg/180px-UN_DESA_continent_population_1950_to_2100.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/UN_DESA_continent_population_1950_to_2100.svg/240px-UN_DESA_continent_population_1950_to_2100.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></A></DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="gallerytext">
<P>Estimated and projected populations of the world and its continents (except Antarctica) from 1950 to 2100. The shaded regions correspond to the range of projections by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.</P>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Population_growth_by_region">Population growth by region</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Population growth by region">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/World_population_growth" class="mw-redirect" title="World population growth">World population growth</A></DIV>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <A href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">Total fertility rate</A> and <A href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">Birth rate</A></DIV>
<P>The table below shows historical and predicted regional population figures in millions.<SUP id="cite_ref-UN_104-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-UN-104">[99]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-105">[100]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_106-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-106">[101]</A></SUP> The availability of historical population figures varies by region.</P>
<TABLE class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;">
<CAPTION>World historical and predicted populations (in millions)<SUP id="cite_ref-Vallin_107-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Vallin-107">[102]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-un2004_108-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-un2004-108">[103]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-109">[104]</A></SUP></CAPTION>
<THEAD><TR>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Region</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1500</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1600</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1700</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1750</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1800</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1850</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1900</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1950</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1999</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">2008</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">2010</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">2012</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">2050</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">2150</TH>
</TR></THEAD><TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>World</TH>
<TD>585</TD>
<TD>660</TD>
<TD>710</TD>
<TD>791</TD>
<TD>978</TD>
<TD>1,262</TD>
<TD>1,650</TD>
<TD>2,521</TD>
<TD>6,008</TD>
<TD>6,707</TD>
<TD>6,896</TD>
<TD>7,052</TD>
<TD>9,725</TD>
<TD>9,746</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Africa</TH>
<TD>86</TD>
<TD>114</TD>
<TD>106</TD>
<TD>106</TD>
<TD>107</TD>
<TD>111</TD>
<TD>133</TD>
<TD>221</TD>
<TD>783</TD>
<TD>973</TD>
<TD>1,022</TD>
<TD>1,052</TD>
<TD>2,478</TD>
<TD>2,308</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Asia</TH>
<TD>282</TD>
<TD>350</TD>
<TD>411</TD>
<TD>502</TD>
<TD>635</TD>
<TD>809</TD>
<TD>947</TD>
<TD>1,402</TD>
<TD>3,700</TD>
<TD>4,054</TD>
<TD>4,164</TD>
<TD>4,250</TD>
<TD>5,267</TD>
<TD>5,561</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Europe</TH>
<TD>168</TD>
<TD>170</TD>
<TD>178</TD>
<TD>190</TD>
<TD>203</TD>
<TD>276</TD>
<TD>408</TD>
<TD>547</TD>
<TD>675</TD>
<TD>732</TD>
<TD>738</TD>
<TD>740</TD>
<TD>734</TD>
<TD>517</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Latin America<SUP id="cite_ref-Americas_110-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Americas-110">[Note 1]</A></SUP></TH>
<TD>40</TD>
<TD>20</TD>
<TD>10</TD>
<TD>16</TD>
<TD>24</TD>
<TD>38</TD>
<TD>74</TD>
<TD>167</TD>
<TD>508</TD>
<TD>577</TD>
<TD>590</TD>
<TD>603</TD>
<TD>784</TD>
<TD>912</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>North America<SUP id="cite_ref-Americas_110-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Americas-110">[Note 1]</A></SUP></TH>
<TD>6</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>7</TD>
<TD>26</TD>
<TD>82</TD>
<TD>172</TD>
<TD>312</TD>
<TD>337</TD>
<TD>345</TD>
<TD>351</TD>
<TD>433</TD>
<TD>398</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Oceania</TH>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>6</TD>
<TD>13</TD>
<TD>30</TD>
<TD>34</TD>
<TD>37</TD>
<TD>38</TD>
<TD>57</TD>
<TD>51</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY><TFOOT></TFOOT></TABLE>
<TABLE class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;">
<CAPTION>World historical and predicted populations by percentage distribution<SUP id="cite_ref-Vallin_107-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Vallin-107">[102]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-un2004_108-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-un2004-108">[103]</A></SUP></CAPTION>
<THEAD><TR>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Region</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1500</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1600</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1700</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1750</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1800</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1850</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1900</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1950</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">1999</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">2008</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">2010</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">2012</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">2050</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">2150</TH>
</TR></THEAD><TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>World</TH>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>100</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Africa</TH>
<TD>14.7</TD>
<TD>17.3</TD>
<TD>14.9</TD>
<TD>13.4</TD>
<TD>10.9</TD>
<TD>8.8</TD>
<TD>8.1</TD>
<TD>8.8</TD>
<TD>13.0</TD>
<TD>14.5</TD>
<TD>14.8</TD>
<TD>15.2</TD>
<TD>25.48</TD>
<TD>23.7</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Asia</TH>
<TD>48.2</TD>
<TD>53.0</TD>
<TD>57.9</TD>
<TD>63.5</TD>
<TD>64.9</TD>
<TD>64.1</TD>
<TD>57.4</TD>
<TD>55.6</TD>
<TD>61.6</TD>
<TD>60.4</TD>
<TD>60.4</TD>
<TD>60.3</TD>
<TD>54.16</TD>
<TD>57.1</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Europe</TH>
<TD>28.7</TD>
<TD>25.8</TD>
<TD>25.1</TD>
<TD>20.6</TD>
<TD>20.8</TD>
<TD>21.9</TD>
<TD>24.7</TD>
<TD>21.7</TD>
<TD>11.2</TD>
<TD>10.9</TD>
<TD>10.7</TD>
<TD>10.5</TD>
<TD>7.55</TD>
<TD>5.3</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Latin America<SUP id="cite_ref-Americas_110-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Americas-110">[Note 1]</A></SUP></TH>
<TD>6.8</TD>
<TD>3.0</TD>
<TD>1.4</TD>
<TD>2.0</TD>
<TD>2.5</TD>
<TD>3.0</TD>
<TD>4.5</TD>
<TD>6.6</TD>
<TD>8.5</TD>
<TD>8.6</TD>
<TD>8.6</TD>
<TD>8.6</TD>
<TD>8.06</TD>
<TD>9.4</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>North America<SUP id="cite_ref-Americas_110-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Americas-110">[Note 1]</A></SUP></TH>
<TD>1.0</TD>
<TD>0.5</TD>
<TD>0.3</TD>
<TD>0.3</TD>
<TD>0.7</TD>
<TD>2.1</TD>
<TD>5.0</TD>
<TD>6.8</TD>
<TD>5.2</TD>
<TD>5.0</TD>
<TD>5.0</TD>
<TD>5.0</TD>
<TD>4.45</TD>
<TD>4.1</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Oceania</TH>
<TD>0.5</TD>
<TD>0.5</TD>
<TD>0.4</TD>
<TD>0.3</TD>
<TD>0.2</TD>
<TD>0.2</TD>
<TD>0.4</TD>
<TD>0.5</TD>
<TD>0.5</TD>
<TD>0.5</TD>
<TD>0.5</TD>
<TD>0.5</TD>
<TD>0.59</TD>
<TD>0.5</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY><TFOOT></TFOOT></TABLE>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Past_population">Past population</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Past population">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The following table gives estimates, in millions, of population in the past. The data for 1750 to 1900 are from the UN report "The World at Six Billion"<SUP id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-111">[105]</A></SUP> whereas the data from 1950 to 2015 are from a UN data sheet.<SUP id="cite_ref-WPP2015total_8-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WPP2015total-8">[8]</A></SUP></P>
<TABLE class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH>Year</TH>
<TH style="width:70px;">World</TH>
<TH style="width:70px;">Africa</TH>
<TH style="width:70px;">Asia</TH>
<TH style="width:70px;">Europe</TH>
<TH style="width:70px;">Latin America & Carib.<SUP id="cite_ref-Americas_110-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Americas-110">[Note 1]</A></SUP></TH>
<TH style="width:70px;">North America<SUP id="cite_ref-Americas_110-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Americas-110">[Note 1]</A></SUP></TH>
<TH style="width:70px;">Oceania</TH>
<TH>Notes</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">70,000 BC</TH>
<TD>< 0.015</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD>0</TD>
<TD>0</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD><SUP id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-112">[106]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">10,000 BC</TH>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD><SUP id="cite_ref-HistoricalEstimates_113-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-HistoricalEstimates-113">[107]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">8000 BC</TH>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">6500 BC</TH>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">5000 BC</TH>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">4000 BC</TH>
<TD>7</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">3000 BC</TH>
<TD>14</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">2000 BC</TH>
<TD>27</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1000 BC</TH>
<TD>50</TD>
<TD>7</TD>
<TD>33</TD>
<TD>9</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">500 BC</TH>
<TD>100</TD>
<TD>14</TD>
<TD>66</TD>
<TD>16</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">AD 1</TH>
<TD>200</TD>
<TD>23</TD>
<TD>141</TD>
<TD>28</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1000</TH>
<TD>400</TD>
<TD>70</TD>
<TD>269</TD>
<TD>50</TD>
<TD>8</TD>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1500</TH>
<TD>458</TD>
<TD>86</TD>
<TD>243</TD>
<TD>84</TD>
<TD>39</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align:right;">1600</TH>
<TD>580</TD>
<TD>114</TD>
<TD>339</TD>
<TD>111</TD>
<TD>10</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1700</TH>
<TD>682</TD>
<TD>106</TD>
<TD>436</TD>
<TD>125</TD>
<TD>10</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1750</TH>
<TD>791</TD>
<TD>106</TD>
<TD>502</TD>
<TD>163</TD>
<TD>16</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1800</TH>
<TD>1,000</TD>
<TD>107</TD>
<TD>656</TD>
<TD>203</TD>
<TD>24</TD>
<TD>7</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1850</TH>
<TD>1,262</TD>
<TD>111</TD>
<TD>809</TD>
<TD>276</TD>
<TD>38</TD>
<TD>26</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1900</TH>
<TD>1,650</TD>
<TD>133</TD>
<TD>947</TD>
<TD>408</TD>
<TD>74</TD>
<TD>82</TD>
<TD>6</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1950</TH>
<TD>2,525</TD>
<TD>229</TD>
<TD>1,394</TD>
<TD>549</TD>
<TD>169</TD>
<TD>172</TD>
<TD>12.7</TD>
<TD><SUP id="cite_ref-CensusPopulation_114-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-CensusPopulation-114">[108]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1955</TH>
<TD>2,758</TD>
<TD>254</TD>
<TD>1,534</TD>
<TD>577</TD>
<TD>193</TD>
<TD>187</TD>
<TD>14.2</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1960</TH>
<TD>3,018</TD>
<TD>285</TD>
<TD>1,687</TD>
<TD>606</TD>
<TD>221</TD>
<TD>204</TD>
<TD>15.8</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1965</TH>
<TD>3,322</TD>
<TD>322</TD>
<TD>1,875</TD>
<TD>635</TD>
<TD>254</TD>
<TD>219</TD>
<TD>17.5</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1970</TH>
<TD>3,682</TD>
<TD>366</TD>
<TD>2,120</TD>
<TD>657</TD>
<TD>288</TD>
<TD>231</TD>
<TD>19.7</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1975</TH>
<TD>4,061</TD>
<TD>416</TD>
<TD>2,378</TD>
<TD>677</TD>
<TD>326</TD>
<TD>242</TD>
<TD>21.5</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1980</TH>
<TD>4,440</TD>
<TD>478</TD>
<TD>2,626</TD>
<TD>694</TD>
<TD>365</TD>
<TD>254</TD>
<TD>23.0</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1985</TH>
<TD>4,853</TD>
<TD>550</TD>
<TD>2,897</TD>
<TD>708</TD>
<TD>406</TD>
<TD>267</TD>
<TD>24.9</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1990</TH>
<TD>5,310</TD>
<TD>632</TD>
<TD>3,202</TD>
<TD>721</TD>
<TD>447</TD>
<TD>281</TD>
<TD>27.0</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">1995</TH>
<TD>5,735</TD>
<TD>720</TD>
<TD>3,475</TD>
<TD>728</TD>
<TD>487</TD>
<TD>296</TD>
<TD>29.1</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">2000</TH>
<TD>6,127</TD>
<TD>814</TD>
<TD>3,714</TD>
<TD>726</TD>
<TD>527</TD>
<TD>314</TD>
<TD>31.1</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">2005</TH>
<TD>6,520</TD>
<TD>920</TD>
<TD>3,945</TD>
<TD>729</TD>
<TD>564</TD>
<TD>329</TD>
<TD>33.4</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">2010</TH>
<TD>6,930</TD>
<TD>1,044</TD>
<TD>4,170</TD>
<TD>735</TD>
<TD>600</TD>
<TD>344</TD>
<TD>36.4</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;">2015</TH>
<TD>7,349</TD>
<TD>1,186</TD>
<TD>4,393</TD>
<TD>738</TD>
<TD>634</TD>
<TD>358</TD>
<TD>39.3</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>Using the above figures, the change in population from 2010 to 2015 was:</P>
<UL>
<LI>World: +420 million</LI>
<LI>Africa: +142 million</LI>
<LI>Asia: +223 million</LI>
<LI>Europe: +3 million</LI>
<LI>Latin America and Caribbean: +35 million</LI>
<LI>Northern America: +14 million</LI>
<LI>Oceania: +2.9 million</LI>
</UL>
<DIV class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-Americas-110"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Americas_110-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Americas_110-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Americas_110-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Americas_110-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Americas_110-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Americas_110-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><B>Northern America</B> comprises the northern-most countries and territories of North America: Canada, the United States, Greenland, <A href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</A>, and <A href="/wiki/St._Pierre_and_Miquelon" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Pierre and Miquelon">St. Pierre and Miquelon</A>. <B>Latin America</B> comprises Mexico, Central America, the <A href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</A>, and South America.</SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Projections">Projections</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Projections">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <A href="/wiki/World_population_estimates" title="World population estimates">World population estimates</A> and <A href="/wiki/Projections_of_population_growth" title="Projections of population growth">Projections of population growth</A></DIV>
<P>Long-term global population growth is difficult to predict. The United Nations and the US Census Bureau both give different estimates – according to the UN, the world population reached seven billion in late 2011,<SUP id="cite_ref-UN_104-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-UN-104">[99]</A></SUP> while the USCB asserted that this occurred in March 2012.<SUP id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-116">[110]</A></SUP> The UN has issued multiple projections of future world population, based on different assumptions. From 2000 to 2005, the UN consistently revised these projections downward, until the 2006 revision, issued on March 14, 2007, revised the 2050 mid-range estimate upwards by 273 million.</P>
<P>Average global <A href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rates</A> are declining fast, but vary greatly between developed countries (where birth rates are often at or below replacement levels) and developing countries (where birth rates typically remain high). Different ethnicities also display varying birth rates. <A href="/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">Death rates</A> can change rapidly due to <A href="/wiki/Infectious_disease#Mortality_from_infectious_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease">disease epidemics</A>, <A href="/wiki/List_of_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars">wars</A> and other mass catastrophes, or <A href="/wiki/Life_extension" title="Life extension">advances in medicine</A>.</P>
<P>2012 United projections show a continued increase in population in the near future with a steady decline in population growth rate; the global population is expected to reach between 8.3 and 10.9 billion by 2050.<SUP id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-117">[111]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-118">[112]</A></SUP> 2003 <A href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Population Division">UN Population Division</A> population projections for the year 2150 range between 3.2 and 24.8 billion.<SUP id="cite_ref-LongRangeProjections2003KeyFindings_66-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-LongRangeProjections2003KeyFindings-66">[63]</A></SUP> One of many independent mathematical models supports the lower estimate,<SUP id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-119">[113]</A></SUP> while a 2014 estimate forecasts between 9.3 and 12.6 billion in 2100, and continued growth thereafter.<SUP id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-120">[114]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-121">[115]</A></SUP> Some analysts have questioned the sustainability of further world population growth, highlighting the <A href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">growing pressures on the environment</A>, global food supplies, and energy resources.<SUP id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-122">[116]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-TIMEenvir_123-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-TIMEenvir-123">[117]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Zehner_124-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Zehner-124">[118]</A></SUP></P>
<TABLE class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em; float:left;">
<CAPTION>UN (medium variant – 2012 revision) and US Census Bureau (June 2015) estimates<SUP id="cite_ref-UN12_125-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-UN12-125">[119]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-126">[120]</A></SUP></CAPTION>
<TBODY><TR>
<TH>Year</TH>
<TH>UN est.<BR />
(millions)</TH>
<TH><SMALL>Difference</SMALL></TH>
<TH>USCB est.<BR />
(millions)</TH>
<TH><SMALL>Difference</SMALL></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH><SPAN id="2005"></SPAN>2005</TH>
<TD>6,514</TD>
<TD>–</TD>
<TD>6,473</TD>
<TD>–</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>2010</TH>
<TD>6,916</TD>
<TD>402</TD>
<TD>6,866</TD>
<TD>393</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>2015</TH>
<TD>7,324</TD>
<TD>408</TD>
<TD>7,256</TD>
<TD>390</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>2020</TH>
<TD>7,717</TD>
<TD>393</TD>
<TD>7,643</TD>
<TD>380</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>2025</TH>
<TD>8,083</TD>
<TD>366</TD>
<TD>8,007</TD>
<TD>363</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>2030</TH>
<TD>8,425</TD>
<TD>342</TD>
<TD>8,341</TD>
<TD>334</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>2035</TH>
<TD>8,743</TD>
<TD>318</TD>
<TD>8,646</TD>
<TD>306</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>2040</TH>
<TD>9,039</TD>
<TD>296</TD>
<TD>8,926</TD>
<TD>280</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>2045</TH>
<TD>9,308</TD>
<TD>269</TD>
<TD>9,180</TD>
<TD>254</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>2050</TH>
<TD>9,551</TD>
<TD>243</TD>
<TD>9,408</TD>
<TD>228</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:96%;">
<CAPTION>UN 2012 estimates and medium variant projections (in millions)<SUP id="cite_ref-UN12_125-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-UN12-125">[119]</A></SUP></CAPTION>
<TBODY><TR>
<TH>Year</TH>
<TH>World</TH>
<TH>Asia</TH>
<TH>Africa</TH>
<TH>Europe</TH>
<TH>Latin America/Caribbean</TH>
<TH>Northern America</TH>
<TH>Oceania</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2010"></SPAN>2010</TH>
<TD>6,916</TD>
<TD>4,165 (60.2%)</TD>
<TD>1,031 (14.9%)</TD>
<TD>740 (10.7%)</TD>
<TD>596 (8.6%)</TD>
<TD>347 (5.0%)</TD>
<TD>37 (0.5%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2015"></SPAN>2015</TH>
<TD>7,324</TD>
<TD>4,385 (59.9%)</TD>
<TD>1,166 (15.9%)</TD>
<TD>743 (10.1%)</TD>
<TD>630 (8.6%)</TD>
<TD>361 (4.9%)</TD>
<TD>39 (0.5%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2020"></SPAN>2020</TH>
<TD>7,717</TD>
<TD>4,582 (59.4%)</TD>
<TD>1,312 (17.0%)</TD>
<TD>744 (9.6%)</TD>
<TD>662 (8.6%)</TD>
<TD>376 (4.9%)</TD>
<TD>42 (0.5%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2025"></SPAN>2025</TH>
<TD>8,083</TD>
<TD>4,749 (58.8%)</TD>
<TD>1,468 (18.2%)</TD>
<TD>741 (9.2%)</TD>
<TD>691 (8.5%)</TD>
<TD>390 (4.8%)</TD>
<TD>45 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2030"></SPAN>2030</TH>
<TD>8,425</TD>
<TD>4,887 (58.0%)</TD>
<TD>1,634 (19.4%)</TD>
<TD>736 (8.7%)</TD>
<TD>717 (8.5%)</TD>
<TD>403 (4.8%)</TD>
<TD>47 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2035"></SPAN>2035</TH>
<TD>8,743</TD>
<TD>4,997 (57.2%)</TD>
<TD>1,812 (20.7%)</TD>
<TD>730 (8.3%)</TD>
<TD>739 (8.5%)</TD>
<TD>415 (4.8%)</TD>
<TD>50 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2040"></SPAN>2040</TH>
<TD>9,039</TD>
<TD>5,080 (56.2%)</TD>
<TD>1,999 (22.1%)</TD>
<TD>724 (8.0%)</TD>
<TD>757 (8.4%)</TD>
<TD>426 (4.8%)</TD>
<TD>52 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2045"></SPAN>2045</TH>
<TD>9,308</TD>
<TD>5,136 (55.2%)</TD>
<TD>2,194 (23.6%)</TD>
<TD>717 (7.7%)</TD>
<TD>771 (8.3%)</TD>
<TD>436 (4.7%)</TD>
<TD>55 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2050"></SPAN>2050</TH>
<TD>9,551</TD>
<TD>5,164 (54.1%)</TD>
<TD>2,393 (25.1%)</TD>
<TD>709 (7.4%)</TD>
<TD>782 (8.2%)</TD>
<TD>446 (4.7%)</TD>
<TD>57 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2055"></SPAN>2055</TH>
<TD>9,766</TD>
<TD>5,168 (52.9%)</TD>
<TD>2,595 (26.6%)</TD>
<TD>700 (7.2%)</TD>
<TD>788 (8.1%)</TD>
<TD>456 (4.7%)</TD>
<TD>59 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2060"></SPAN>2060</TH>
<TD>9,957</TD>
<TD>5,152 (51.7%)</TD>
<TD>2,797 (28.1%)</TD>
<TD>691 (6.9%)</TD>
<TD>791 (7.9%)</TD>
<TD>465 (4.7%)</TD>
<TD>61 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2065"></SPAN>2065</TH>
<TD>10,127</TD>
<TD>5,120 (50.6%)</TD>
<TD>2,998 (29.6%)</TD>
<TD>681 (6.7%)</TD>
<TD>791 (7.8%)</TD>
<TD>474 (4.7%)</TD>
<TD>63 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2070"></SPAN>2070</TH>
<TD>10,277</TD>
<TD>5,075 (49.4%)</TD>
<TD>3,195 (31.1%)</TD>
<TD>673 (6.5%)</TD>
<TD>788 (7.6%)</TD>
<TD>482 (4.7%)</TD>
<TD>64 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2075"></SPAN>2075</TH>
<TD>10,409</TD>
<TD>5,019 (48.2%)</TD>
<TD>3,387 (32.5%)</TD>
<TD>665 (6.4%)</TD>
<TD>783 (7.5%)</TD>
<TD>490 (4.7%)</TD>
<TD>66 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2080"></SPAN>2080</TH>
<TD>10,524</TD>
<TD>4,957 (47.1%)</TD>
<TD>3,570 (33.9%)</TD>
<TD>659 (6.3%)</TD>
<TD>776 (7.4%)</TD>
<TD>496 (4.7%)</TD>
<TD>67 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2085"></SPAN>2085</TH>
<TD>10,626</TD>
<TD>4,894 (46.1%)</TD>
<TD>3,742 (35.2%)</TD>
<TD>653 (6.1%)</TD>
<TD>767 (7.2%)</TD>
<TD>502 (4.7%)</TD>
<TD>68 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2090"></SPAN>2090</TH>
<TD>10,717</TD>
<TD>4,833 (45.1%)</TD>
<TD>3,903 (36.4%)</TD>
<TD>649 (6.1%)</TD>
<TD>757 (7.1%)</TD>
<TD>506 (4.7%)</TD>
<TD>69 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2095"></SPAN>2095</TH>
<TD>10,794</TD>
<TD>4,773 (44.2%)</TD>
<TD>4,051 (37.6%)</TD>
<TD>644 (6.0%)</TD>
<TD>747 (6.9%)</TD>
<TD>510 (4.7%)</TD>
<TD>69 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align: right;"><SPAN id="2100"></SPAN>2100</TH>
<TD>10,854</TD>
<TD>4,712 (43.4%)</TD>
<TD>4,185 (38.6%)</TD>
<TD>639 (5.9%)</TD>
<TD>736 (6.8%)</TD>
<TD>513 (4.7%)</TD>
<TD>70 (0.6%)</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Mathematical_approximations">Mathematical approximations</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mathematical approximations">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>In 1975, <A href="/wiki/Sebastian_von_Hoerner" title="Sebastian von Hoerner">Sebastian von Hoerner</A> proposed a formula for population growth which represented <A href="/wiki/Hyperbolic_growth" title="Hyperbolic growth">hyperbolic growth</A> with an infinite population in 2025.<SUP id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-127">[121]</A></SUP> The hyperbolic growth of the world population observed until the 1970s was later correlated to a non-linear second order positive feedback between demographic growth and technological development. This feedback can be described as follows: technological advance → increase in the <A href="/wiki/Carrying_capacity" title="Carrying capacity">carrying capacity</A> of land for people → demographic growth → more people → more potential inventors → acceleration of technological advance → accelerating growth of the carrying capacity → faster population growth → accelerating growth of the number of potential inventors → faster technological advance → hence, the faster growth of the Earth's carrying capacity for people, and so on.<SUP id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-128">[122]</A></SUP> The transition from hyperbolic growth to slower rates of growth is related to the <A href="/wiki/Demographic_transition" title="Demographic transition">demographic transition</A>.</P>
<P>According to the Russian demographer <A href="/wiki/Sergey_Kapitsa" title="Sergey Kapitsa">Sergey Kapitsa</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-Kapitza_129-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Kapitza-129">[123]</A></SUP> the world population grew between 67,000 BC and 1965 according to the following formula:</P>
<DL>
<DD><SPAN class="mwe-math-element"><SPAN class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N={\frac {C}{\tau }}\operatorname {arccot} {\frac {T_{0}-T}{\tau }}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mi>N</mi>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mfrac>
            <mi>C</mi>
            <mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
          </mfrac>
        </mrow>
        <mi>arccot</mi>
        <mo><!--  --></mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mfrac>
            <mrow>
              <msub>
                <mi>T</mi>
                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </mrow>
              </msub>
              <mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
              <mi>T</mi>
            </mrow>
            <mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
          </mfrac>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N={\frac {C}{\tau }}\operatorname {arccot} {\frac {T_{0}-T}{\tau }}}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></SPAN><IMG src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dcd13b580792f3ef58830e4e394f97f0c7de8acb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:22.469ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="N={\frac {C}{\tau }}\operatorname {arccot} {\frac {T_{0}-T}{\tau }}" /></SPAN></DD>
</DL>
<P>where</P>
<UL>
<LI><I>N</I> is current population</LI>
<LI><I>T</I> is the current year</LI>
<LI><I>C</I> = (1.86±0.01)·10<SUP>11</SUP></LI>
<LI><I>T</I><SUB>0</SUB> = 2007±1</LI>
<LI><SPAN class="mwe-math-element"><SPAN class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau }">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau }</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></SPAN><IMG src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/38a7dcde9730ef0853809fefc18d88771f95206c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.202ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="\tau " /></SPAN> = 42±1</LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Years_for_world_population_to_double">Years for world population to double</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Years for world population to double">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>According to linear interpolation and extrapolation of <A href="/wiki/World_population_estimates" title="World population estimates">UNDESA population estimates</A>, the world population has doubled, or will double, in the years listed in the tables below (with two different starting points). During the <A href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</A>, each doubling took roughly half as long as the previous doubling, fitting the hyperbolic growth model mentioned above. However, after 2024, it is unlikely that there will be another doubling of the global population in the 21st century.<SUP id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-130">[124]</A></SUP></P>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Population-doubling.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Population-doubling.svg/300px-Population-doubling.svg.png" width="300" height="221" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Population-doubling.svg/450px-Population-doubling.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Population-doubling.svg/600px-Population-doubling.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="700" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Population-doubling.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Historic chart showing the periods of time the world population has taken to double, from 1700 to 2000</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<TABLE class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">
<CAPTION>Starting at 500 million</CAPTION>
<TBODY><TR>
<TH>Population<BR />
<SMALL>(in billions)</SMALL></TH>
<TH colspan="2">0.5</TH>
<TH colspan="2">1</TH>
<TH colspan="2">2</TH>
<TH colspan="2">4</TH>
<TH colspan="2">8</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Year</TH>
<TD colspan="2">1500</TD>
<TD colspan="2">1804</TD>
<TD colspan="2">1927</TD>
<TD colspan="2">1974</TD>
<TD colspan="2"><I>2024</I></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2">Years elapsed</TH>
<TD colspan="2">304</TD>
<TD colspan="2">123</TD>
<TD colspan="2">47</TD>
<TD colspan="2"><I>50</I></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;">
<CAPTION>Starting at 375 million</CAPTION>
<TBODY><TR>
<TH>Population<BR />
<SMALL>(in billions)</SMALL></TH>
<TH colspan="2">0.375</TH>
<TH colspan="2">0.75</TH>
<TH colspan="2">1.5</TH>
<TH colspan="2">3</TH>
<TH colspan="2">6</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>Year</TH>
<TD colspan="2">1171</TD>
<TD colspan="2">1715</TD>
<TD colspan="2">1881</TD>
<TD colspan="2">1960</TD>
<TD colspan="2">1999</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2">Years elapsed</TH>
<TD colspan="2">544</TD>
<TD colspan="2">166</TD>
<TD colspan="2">79</TD>
<TD colspan="2">39</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Overpopulation">Overpopulation</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Overpopulation">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <A href="/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">Human overpopulation</A> and <A href="/wiki/Malthusian_catastrophe" title="Malthusian catastrophe">Malthusian catastrophe</A></DIV>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Predictions_of_scarcity">Predictions of scarcity</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Predictions of scarcity">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:282px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Los_Angeles_Aerial_view_2013.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Los_Angeles_Aerial_view_2013.jpg/280px-Los_Angeles_Aerial_view_2013.jpg" width="280" height="222" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Los_Angeles_Aerial_view_2013.jpg/420px-Los_Angeles_Aerial_view_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Los_Angeles_Aerial_view_2013.jpg/560px-Los_Angeles_Aerial_view_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3425" data-file-height="2718" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Los_Angeles_Aerial_view_2013.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
<A href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles</A> lies on a coastal mediterranean <A href="/wiki/Savannah" class="mw-redirect" title="Savannah">savannah</A> with a small <A href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">watershed</A> that is able to support at most one million people on <A href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">its own water</A>; as of 2015, the area has a population of over 18 million. Researchers predict that similar cases of resource scarcity will grow more common as the world population increases.<SUP id="cite_ref-BeddWarn_131-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BeddWarn-131">[125]</A></SUP></DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>In his 1798 work <I><A href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population" title="An Essay on the Principle of Population">An Essay on the Principle of Population</A></I>, the British scholar <A href="/wiki/Thomas_Malthus" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Malthus">Thomas Malthus</A> incorrectly predicted that continued population growth would exhaust the global food supply by the mid-19th century. Malthus wrote the essay to refute what he considered the unattainable <A href="/wiki/Utopian" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopian">utopian</A> ideas of <A href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">William Godwin</A> and <A href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Marquis de Condorcet</A>, as presented in <I><A href="/wiki/Political_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Justice">Political Justice</A></I> and <I><A href="/wiki/The_Future_Progress_of_the_Human_Mind" class="mw-redirect" title="The Future Progress of the Human Mind">The Future Progress of the Human Mind</A></I>. In 1968, <A href="/wiki/Paul_R._Ehrlich" title="Paul R. Ehrlich">Paul R. Ehrlich</A> reprised Malthus' argument in <I><A href="/wiki/The_Population_Bomb" title="The Population Bomb">The Population Bomb</A></I>, predicting that mass global <A href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</A> would occur in the 1970s and 1980s.<SUP id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-132">[126]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The predictions of Ehrlich and other <A href="/wiki/Neo-malthusianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-malthusianism">neo-Malthusians</A> were vigorously challenged by a number of economists, notably <A href="/wiki/Julian_Lincoln_Simon" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Lincoln Simon">Julian Lincoln Simon</A>, and advances in agriculture, collectively known as the <A href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</A>, forestalled any potential global famine in the late 20th century. Between 1950 and 1984, as the Green Revolution transformed agriculture around the world, grain production increased by over 250%.<SUP id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-133">[127]</A></SUP> The world population has grown by over four billion since the beginning of the Green Revolution, but food production has so far kept pace with population growth. Most scholars believe that, without the Revolution, there would be greater levels of famine and malnutrition than the UN presently documents.<SUP id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-134">[128]</A></SUP> However, neo-Malthusians point out that <A href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuels</A> provided the energy for the Green Revolution, in the form of natural gas-derived <A href="/wiki/Fertilizers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilizers">fertilizers</A>, oil-derived <A href="/wiki/Pesticides" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesticides">pesticides</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbon</A>-fueled <A href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</A>, and that many crops have become so genetically uniform that a crop failure in any one country could potentially have global repercussions.<SUP id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-135">[129]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 2004, a meta-analysis of 70 quantitative studies estimating a <A href="/wiki/Carrying_capacity" title="Carrying capacity">sustainable limit to the world population</A> generated a meta-estimate of 7.7 billion people.<SUP id="cite_ref-van_den_BerghRietveld2004_136-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-van_den_BerghRietveld2004-136">[130]</A></SUP></P>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Population_curve.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Population_curve.svg/350px-Population_curve.svg.png" width="350" height="212" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Population_curve.svg/525px-Population_curve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Population_curve.svg/700px-Population_curve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="332" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Population_curve.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Graph of the global human population from 10,000 BC to AD 2000, from the US Census Bureau. The graph shows the extremely rapid growth in the world population that has taken place since the 18th century.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Human_population_growth_from_1800_to_2000.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Human_population_growth_from_1800_to_2000.png/220px-Human_population_growth_from_1800_to_2000.png" width="220" height="164" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Human_population_growth_from_1800_to_2000.png/330px-Human_population_growth_from_1800_to_2000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3a/Human_population_growth_from_1800_to_2000.png/440px-Human_population_growth_from_1800_to_2000.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1118" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Human_population_growth_from_1800_to_2000.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
The human population has been growing rapidly since the mid-1800s.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>In May 2008, the price of grain was pushed up severely by the increased cultivation of <A href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">biofuels</A>, the increase of world <A href="/wiki/Oil_prices" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil prices">oil prices</A> to over $140 per barrel ($880/m<SUP>3</SUP>),<SUP id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-137">[131]</A></SUP> global population growth,<SUP id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-138">[132]</A></SUP> the effects of <A href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-139">[133]</A></SUP> the loss of agricultural land to residential and industrial development,<SUP id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-140">[134]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-141">[135]</A></SUP> and growing consumer demand in the population centres of China and India.<SUP id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-142">[136]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-143">[137]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_world_food_price_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–2008 world food price crisis">Food riots</A> subsequently occurred in some countries.<SUP id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-144">[138]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-145">[139]</A></SUP> However, oil prices then fell sharply. Resource demands are expected to ease as population growth declines, but it is unclear whether mass <A href="/wiki/Food_waste" title="Food waste">food wastage</A> and rising living standards in developing countries will once again create resource shortages.<SUP id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-146">[140]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-147">[141]</A></SUP></P>
<P>David Pimentel, professor of ecology and agriculture at <A href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</A>, estimates that the sustainable agricultural carrying capacity for the United States is about 200 million people; its population as of 2015 is over 300 million.<SUP id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-148">[142]</A></SUP> In 2009, the UK government's chief scientific advisor, Professor <A href="/wiki/John_Beddington" title="John Beddington">John Beddington</A>, warned that growing populations, falling energy reserves and food shortages would create a "perfect storm" of shortages of food, water, and energy by 2030.<SUP id="cite_ref-BeddWarn_131-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BeddWarn-131">[125]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-149">[143]</A></SUP> According to a 2009 report by the United Nations <A href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Agriculture Organisation">Food and Agriculture Organisation</A> (FAO), the world will have to produce 70% more food by 2050 to feed a projected extra 2.3 billion people.<SUP id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-150">[144]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The observed figures for 2007 showed an actual increase in absolute numbers of undernourished people in the world, with 923 million undernourished in 2007, versus 832 million in 1995.<SUP id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-151">[145]</A></SUP> The 2009 FAO estimates showed an even more dramatic increase, to 1.02 billion.<SUP id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-152">[146]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Environmental_impacts">Environmental impacts</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Environmental impacts">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Manantenina_bushfire.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Manantenina_bushfire.jpg/220px-Manantenina_bushfire.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Manantenina_bushfire.jpg/330px-Manantenina_bushfire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Manantenina_bushfire.jpg/440px-Manantenina_bushfire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Manantenina_bushfire.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Illegal <A href="/wiki/Slash-and-burn" title="Slash-and-burn">slash-and-burn</A> agriculture in <A href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</A>, 2010</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>A number of scientists have argued that the current global population expansion and accompanying increase in <A href="/wiki/Resource_consumption" title="Resource consumption">resource consumption</A> threatens the world's <A href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystem</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-153">[147]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-154">[148]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/InterAcademy_Panel" title="InterAcademy Panel">InterAcademy Panel</A> <A href="/wiki/IAP_statement_on_population_growth" title="IAP statement on population growth">Statement on Population Growth</A>, which was ratified by 58 member <A href="/wiki/National_academy" title="National academy">national academies</A> in 1994, states that "unprecedented" population growth aggravates many environmental problems, including rising levels of <A href="/wiki/Atmospheric_carbon_dioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric carbon dioxide">atmospheric carbon dioxide</A>, <A href="/wiki/Global_warming" title="Global warming">global warming</A>, and pollution.<SUP id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-155">[149]</A></SUP> Indeed, some analysts claim that overpopulation's most serious impact is its effect on the environment.<SUP id="cite_ref-TIMEenvir_123-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-TIMEenvir-123">[117]</A></SUP> The situation has continued to worsen, as at the time of the 1994 IAP statement, the world population stood at 5.5 billion and lower-bound scenarios predicted a peak of 7.8 billion by 2050, a number that current estimates state will be reached in the late 2020s.</P>
<P>Scientists contend that human overpopulation, continued human population growth and <A href="/wiki/Overconsumption" title="Overconsumption">overconsumption</A>, particularly by the wealthy, are the primary drivers of <A href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">mass species extinction</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-156">[150]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-157">[151]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-extinctioncrisis_158-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-extinctioncrisis-158">[152]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-159">[153]</A></SUP> By 2050 population growth, along with profligate consumption, could result in oceans containing more <A href="/wiki/Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">plastic</A> than fish by weight.<SUP id="cite_ref-extinctioncrisis_158-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-extinctioncrisis-158">[152]</A></SUP> In November 2017, a <A href="/wiki/World_Scientists%27_Warning_to_Humanity" title="World Scientists' Warning to Humanity">statement</A> by 15,364 scientists from 184 countries asserted that rapid human population growth is the "primary driver behind many ecological and even societal threats."<SUP id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-160">[154]</A></SUP></P>
<P>A July 2017 study published in <I><A href="/wiki/Environmental_Research_Letters" title="Environmental Research Letters">Environmental Research Letters</A></I> argued that the most significant way individuals could mitigate their own carbon footprint is to have fewer children, followed by living without a vehicle, forgoing air travel and adopting a plant-based diet.<SUP id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-161">[155]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Population_control">Population control</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Population control">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Human_population_planning" title="Human population planning">Human population planning</A></DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:India_-_Chennai_-_busy_T._Nagar_market_1_(3059480968).jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/India_-_Chennai_-_busy_T._Nagar_market_1_%283059480968%29.jpg/220px-India_-_Chennai_-_busy_T._Nagar_market_1_%283059480968%29.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/India_-_Chennai_-_busy_T._Nagar_market_1_%283059480968%29.jpg/330px-India_-_Chennai_-_busy_T._Nagar_market_1_%283059480968%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/India_-_Chennai_-_busy_T._Nagar_market_1_%283059480968%29.jpg/440px-India_-_Chennai_-_busy_T._Nagar_market_1_%283059480968%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:India_-_Chennai_-_busy_T._Nagar_market_1_(3059480968).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
India is predicted to overtake China as the world's most populous country by 2022.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>Human population control is the practice of intervening to alter the rate of population growth. Historically, human population control has been implemented by limiting a region's <A href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</A>, by voluntary contraception or by government mandate. It has been undertaken as a response to factors including high or increasing levels of poverty, <A href="/wiki/Carrying_capacity" title="Carrying capacity">environmental concerns</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religious reasons</A>. The use of <A href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</A> in some population control strategies has caused controversy,<SUP id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-162">[156]</A></SUP> with religious organizations such as the <A href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</A> explicitly opposing any intervention in the human reproductive process.<SUP id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-163">[157]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Nebraska">University of Nebraska</A> publication <I>Green Illusions</I> argues that population control to alleviate environmental pressures need not be coercive. It states that "Women who are educated, economically engaged, and in control of their own bodies can enjoy the freedom of bearing children at their own pace, which happens to be a rate that is appropriate for the aggregate ecological endowment of our planet."<SUP id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-164">[158]</A></SUP> The book <I>Fatal Misconception</I> by Matthew Connelly similarly points to the importance of supporting the rights of women in bringing population levels down over time.<SUP id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-165">[159]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Overpopulation_skepticism">Overpopulation skepticism</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Overpopulation skepticism">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/Population_Research_Institute" title="Population Research Institute">Population Research Institute</A> (PRI), an anti-abortion, anti-contraception advocacy group, has criticised predictions of overpopulation and attendant resource scarcity, with some describing overpopulation as a "myth".<SUP id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-166">[160]</A></SUP> The PRI argues that advances in agricultural, medical, and industrial technology have allowed global economic productivity to keep pace with rising populations despite Malthusian predictions to the contrary. PRI further says that family sizes are naturally declining worldwide due to higher <A href="/wiki/Living_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="Living standards">living standards</A>, increased availability of <A href="/wiki/Contraception" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraception">contraception</A> and better economic opportunities for women. However, other commentators have described PRI's arguments on overpopulation as deceptive.<SUP id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-167">[161]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-168">[162]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-169">[163]</A></SUP></P>
<P><BR /></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anthropocene" title="Anthropocene">Anthropocene</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Coastal_development_hazards#Coastal_population_growth_and_development_on_coasts" title="Coastal development hazards">Coastal population growth</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Demographic_transition" title="Demographic transition">Demographic transition</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Depopulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Depopulation">Depopulation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Doomsday_argument" title="Doomsday argument">Doomsday argument</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">Food security</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacity</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Natalism" title="Natalism">Natalism</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/One-child_policy" title="One-child policy">One-child policy</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Population boom">Population boom</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_Matters" title="Population Matters">Population Matters</A>, population control think tank and campaign group</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_Reference_Bureau" title="Population Reference Bureau">Population Reference Bureau</A>, population demographics and annual World Population Data Sheet</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Two-child_policy" title="Two-child policy">Two-child policy</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/World%27s_largest_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="World's largest cities">World's largest cities</A></LI>
</UL>
<P><B>Lists:</B></P>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">List of countries and dependencies by population</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_by_population" title="List of urban areas by population">List of urban areas by population</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_population_concern_organizations" title="List of population concern organizations">List of population concern organizations</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by fertility rate">List of countries by fertility rate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_future_population_(United_Nations,_medium_fertility_variant)" title="List of countries by future population (United Nations, medium fertility variant)">List of countries by future population (United Nations, medium fertility variant)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_and_future_population" title="List of countries by past and future population">List of countries by past and future population</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1900" title="List of countries by population in 1900">List of countries by population in 1900</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population density">List of countries by population density</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_growth_rate" title="List of countries by population growth rate">List of countries by population growth rate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lists_of_organisms_by_population" title="Lists of organisms by population">Lists of organisms by population</A> – for non-human global populations</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">List of religious populations</A></LI>
</UL>
<P><B>Historical:</B></P>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Census#Historical_examples" title="Census">Historical censuses</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Historical_demography" title="Historical demography">Historical demography</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-11"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Excluding its Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of <A href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</A> and <A href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-12"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Including <A href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-13"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">The <A href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty System</A> limits the nature of national claims in Antarctica. Of the <A href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" title="Territorial claims in Antarctica">territorial claims in Antarctica</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</A> has the largest population.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-81"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-81"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Figure refers to <A href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</A> only. It excludes Taiwan and the <A href="/wiki/Special_Administrative_Region_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China">special administrative regions</A> of Hong Kong and <A href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-90"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-90"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Figure including Crimea and Sevastopol.</SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/">"World Population Clock: 7.6 Billion People (2017) - Worldometers"</A>. <I>www.worldometers.info</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-10-08</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.worldometers.info&rft.atitle=World+Population+Clock%3A+7.6+Billion+People+%282017%29+-+Worldometers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldometers.info%2Fworld-population%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Jean-Noël Biraben (1980), "An Essay Concerning Mankind's Evolution". <I>Population</I>, Selected Papers. Vol. 4. pp. 1–13. Original paper in French:(b) Jean-Noël Biraben (1979)."Essai sur l'évolution du nombre des hommes". <I>Population</I>. Vol. 34 (no. 1). pp. 13–25.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-:1-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/">"World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations"</A>. <I>esa.un.org</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2016-09-15</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=esa.un.org&rft.atitle=World+Population+Prospects+-+Population+Division+-+United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpd%2Fwpp%2FDataQuery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140827000606/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/EXCEL_FILES/2_Fertility/WPP2012_FERT_F01_BIRTHS_BOTH_SEXES.XLS">"World Population Prospects, 2012 revision (697 million births from 1985–1990)"</A>. United Nations. 2012. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/EXCEL_FILES/2_Fertility/WPP2012_FERT_F01_BIRTHS_BOTH_SEXES.XLS">the original</A> on August 27, 2014<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 11,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects%2C+2012+revision+%28697+million+births+from+1985%E2%80%931990%29&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpd%2Fwpp%2FExcel-Data%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F2_Fertility%2FWPP2012_FERT_F01_BIRTHS_BOTH_SEXES.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=SOWC&f=inID%3A75">"Annual number of births – World"</A>. United Nations Population Division. 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 27,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+number+of+births+%E2%80%93+World&rft.pub=United+Nations+Population+Division&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.un.org%2FData.aspx%3Fd%3DSOWC%26f%3DinID%253A75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111060647/http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/region.php?N=%20Region%20Results%20&T=7&A=aggregate&RT=0&Y=2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025,2026,2027,2028,2029,2030,2031,2032,2033,2034,2035,2036,2037,2038,2039,2040&R=1&C=">"World Population estimates by the US Census Bureau"</A>. USCB. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/region.php?N=%20Region%20Results%20&T=7&A=aggregate&RT=0&Y=2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025,2026,2027,2028,2029,2030,2031,2032,2033,2034,2035,2036,2037,2038,2039,2040&R=1&C=">the original</A> on January 11, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 22,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+estimates+by+the+US+Census+Bureau&rft.pub=USCB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Finternational%2Fdata%2Fidb%2Fregion.php%3FN%3D%2520Region%2520Results%2520%26T%3D7%26A%3Daggregate%26RT%3D0%26Y%3D2011%2C2012%2C2013%2C2014%2C2015%2C2016%2C2017%2C2018%2C2019%2C2020%2C2021%2C2022%2C2023%2C2024%2C2025%2C2026%2C2027%2C2028%2C2029%2C2030%2C2031%2C2032%2C2033%2C2034%2C2035%2C2036%2C2037%2C2038%2C2039%2C2040%26R%3D1%26C%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">male 29.4, female 30.9 years.<CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2177.html">"CIA, The World Factbook: Field Listing: Median Age"</A>. <I>www.cia.gov</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 September</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov&rft.atitle=CIA%2C+The+World+Factbook%3A+Field+Listing%3A+Median+Age&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2177.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-WPP2015total-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-WPP2015total_8-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WPP2015total_8-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DVD/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2015_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.XLS">"World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision"</A>. UN Population Division. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222125602/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DVD/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2015_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.XLS">Archived</A> from the original on December 22, 2015.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects%3A+The+2015+Revision&rft.pub=UN+Population+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpd%2Fwpp%2FDVD%2FFiles%2F1_Indicators%2520%28Standard%29%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F1_Population%2FWPP2015_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN>. Linked to at <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151225073428/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/">Download Files</A>, where it states that the figures are for July 1 of the given year.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Analytical-Figures/htm/fig_2.htm">"World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Population Database"</A>. United Nations. April 15, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 21,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects%3A+The+2010+Revision+Population+Database&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2011-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpd%2Fwpp%2FAnalytical-Figures%2Fhtm%2Ffig_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-AntarcticCIA-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-AntarcticCIA_10-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-AntarcticCIA_10-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ay.html">"Antarctica"</A>. CIA World Factbook. June 19, 2014<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 18,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Antarctica&rft.pub=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fay.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-14"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">the <A href="/wiki/English_compound" title="English compound">compound</A> "world population" becomes common from c. the 1930s, adapted from early 20th-century "world's population"; pre-20th century authors use "population of the world".</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-15"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">"The population of the world, which Sir W. P. in 1682, stated at only 320 millions, has been estimated by some writers at about 730 millions, by others, at upwards of 900 millions; Mr. Wallace, of Edinburgh, conjectured it might amount to 1000 millions, and this number has since generally been adopted who have noticed the subject;" <I>The Monthly Magazine</I> 4 (July–December 1797), <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0S0AAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA167#v=onepage&q&f=false">p. 167</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-16"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">600 million: Simon Gray, <I>The Happiness of States</I> (1818), <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ue5eAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA356">p. 356</A>. 800 million: Gordon Hall, Samuel Newell, <I>The Conversion of the World</I> (1818), <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzA3AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA10">p. 10</A>. 800 to 1000 million: John Redman Coxe, <I>Considerations Respecting the Recognition of Friends in Another World</I> (1845), <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gl9IAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false">p. 21</A> (footnote with references).</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Luc-Normand Tellier (2009). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA26&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false"><I>Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective</I></A>. PUQ via Google Books. p. 26. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7605-1588-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-7605-1588-5">2-7605-1588-5</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+world+history%3A+an+economic+and+geographical+perspective&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=PUQ+via+Google+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=2-7605-1588-5&rft.au=Luc-Normand+Tellier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DcXuCjDbxC1YC%26pg%3DPA26%26dq%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Ralph Thomlinson, 1975, Demographic Problems: Controversy over population control, 2nd Ed., Dickenson Publishing Company, Ecino, CA, <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8221-0166-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8221-0166-1">0-8221-0166-1</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-19"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Dr. Kenneth W. Harl (1998). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160507061006/http://www.tulane.edu/~august/H303/handouts/Population.htm">"Population estimates of the Roman Empire"</A>. Tulane.edu. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulane.edu/~august/H303/handouts/Population.htm">the original</A> on 2016-05-07<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 8,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+estimates+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.pub=Tulane.edu&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Dr.+Kenneth+W.+Harl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tulane.edu%2F~august%2FH303%2Fhandouts%2FPopulation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-20"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-diseases/plague-article.html">"Plague, Plague Information, Black Death Facts, News, Photos"</A>. <I>National Geographic</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 3,</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Plague%2C+Plague+Information%2C+Black+Death+Facts%2C+News%2C+Photos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.nationalgeographic.com%2Fscience%2Fhealth-and-human-body%2Fhuman-diseases%2Fplague-article.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-21"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/195896/history-of-Europe/276190/Demographic-and-agricultural-growth#ref=ref994290">"History of Europe – Demographic and agricultural growth"</A>. <I>Encyclopædia Britannica</I>. 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 17,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=History+of+Europe+%E2%80%93+Demographic+and+agricultural+growth&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F195896%2Fhistory-of-Europe%2F276190%2FDemographic-and-agricultural-growth%23ref%3Dref994290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-22"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_history.php">"Historical Estimates of World Population"</A>. Census.gov<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 12,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Estimates+of+World+Population&rft.pub=Census.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Finternational%2Fdata%2Fworldpop%2Ftable_history.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-23"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-23"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Jay, Peter (July 17, 2000). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725005418/http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/2000/0717/peter.html">"A Distant Mirror"</A>. <I>TIME Europe</I>. <B>156</B> (3). Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2050585,00.html">the original</A> on July 25, 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 9,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME+Europe&rft.atitle=A+Distant+Mirror&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2000-07-17&rft.aulast=Jay&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C2050585%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-24"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-24"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Horst R. Thieme (2003). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=cHcjnkrMweYC&pg=PA285&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false"><I>Mathematics in population biology</I></A>. Princeton University Press via Google Books. p. 285. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-09291-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-09291-5">0-691-09291-5</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathematics+in+population+biology&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press+via+Google+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-691-09291-5&rft.au=Horst+R.+Thieme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DcHcjnkrMweYC%26pg%3DPA285%26dq%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-25"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-25"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Graziella Caselli; Gillaume Wunsch & Jacques Vallin (2005). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=nmgNXoiAiU4C&pg=RA2-PA34&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false"><I>Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population</I></A>. Academic Press via Google Books. p. 34. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-765660-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-12-765660-X">0-12-765660-X</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demography%3A+Analysis+and+Synthesis%2C+Four+Volume+Set%3A+A+Treatise+in+Population&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Academic+Press+via+Google+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-12-765660-X&rft.au=Graziella+Caselli&rft.au=Gillaume+Wunsch&rft.au=Jacques+Vallin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DnmgNXoiAiU4C%26pg%3DRA2-PA34%26dq%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-nishijima_1986_pp595-96-26"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-nishijima_1986_pp595-96_26-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-nishijima_1986_pp595-96_26-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Nishijima, Sadao (1986), "The economic and social history of Former Han", in Twitchett, Denis; Loewe, Michael, <I>Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220</I>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 595-96.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-27"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-27"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/special/china_1750_demographic.htm">"Qing China's Internal Crisis: Land Shortage, Famine, Rural Poverty"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</A>: Asia for Educators. 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 9,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qing+China%27s+Internal+Crisis%3A+Land+Shortage%2C+Famine%2C+Rural+Poverty&rft.pub=Columbia+University%3A+Asia+for+Educators&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafe.easia.columbia.edu%2Fspecial%2Fchina_1750_demographic.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-28"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-28"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/195896/history-of-Europe/58335/Demographics#ref=ref310375">"History of Europe – Demographics"</A>. <I>Encyclopædia Britannica</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 9,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=History+of+Europe+%E2%80%93+Demographics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F195896%2Fhistory-of-Europe%2F58335%2FDemographics%23ref%3Dref310375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-29"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-29"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/china/geog/population.htm">"China's Population: Readings and Maps"</A>. Columbia University: East Asian Curriculum Project<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 18,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%27s+Population%3A+Readings+and+Maps&rft.pub=Columbia+University%3A+East+Asian+Curriculum+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafe.easia.columbia.edu%2Fchina%2Fgeog%2Fpopulation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-30"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-30"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110726194333/http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-twoworlds/1866">"The Columbian Exchange"</A>. <A href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina" title="University of North Carolina">University of North Carolina</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-twoworlds/1866">the original</A> on July 26, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 18,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Columbian+Exchange&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.learnnc.org%2Flp%2Feditions%2Fnchist-twoworlds%2F1866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-31"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-31"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Collingham, Lizzie (2006). <I>Vindaloo: the Portuguese and the chilli pepper. Curry: A Tale of Cooks and Conquerors</I>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 47–73. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-988381-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-988381-3">978-0-19-988381-3</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vindaloo%3A+the+Portuguese+and+the+chilli+pepper.+Curry%3A+A+Tale+of+Cooks+and+Conquerors.&rft.pages=47-73&rft.pub=Oxford%3A+Oxford+University+Press.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-988381-3&rft.aulast=Collingham&rft.aufirst=Lizzie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-32"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-32"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131208143623/http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/suprtubr.htm">"Super-Sized Cassava Plants May Help Fight Hunger In Africa"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</A>. May 24, 2006. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/suprtubr.htm">the original</A> on December 8, 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 9,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Super-Sized+Cassava+Plants+May+Help+Fight+Hunger+In+Africa&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University&rft.date=2006-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearchnews.osu.edu%2Farchive%2Fsuprtubr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-33"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-33"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">James Brabazon (2000). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=zOm0iqkRsYEC&pg=PA242&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false"><I>Albert Schweitzer: a biography</I></A>. <A href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_Press" title="Syracuse University Press">Syracuse University Press</A> via Google Books. p. 242. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8156-0675-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8156-0675-3">0-8156-0675-3</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albert+Schweitzer%3A+a+biography&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press+via+Google+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8156-0675-3&rft.au=James+Brabazon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DzOm0iqkRsYEC%26pg%3DPA242%26dq%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-34"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-34"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Snow, D. R (June 16, 1995). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/268/5217/1601">"Microchronology and Demographic Evidence Relating to the Size of Pre-Columbian North American Indian Populations"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</A></I>. <B>268</B> (5217): 1601–1604. <A href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995Sci...268.1601S">1995Sci...268.1601S</A>. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.268.5217.1601">10.1126/science.268.5217.1601</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 9,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Microchronology+and+Demographic+Evidence+Relating+to+the+Size+of+Pre-Columbian+North+American+Indian+Populations&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=5217&rft.pages=1601-1604&rft.date=1995-06-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.268.5217.1601&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1995Sci...268.1601S&rft.aulast=Snow&rft.aufirst=D.+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F268%2F5217%2F1601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-35"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-35"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Arthur C. Aufderheide; Conrado Rodríguez-Martín & Odin Langsjoen (1998). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=qubTdDk1H3IC&pg=PA205&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false"><I>The Cambridge encyclopedia of human paleopathology</I></A>. <A href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</A> via Google Books. p. 205. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-55203-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-55203-6">0-521-55203-6</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+encyclopedia+of+human+paleopathology&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press+via+Google+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-55203-6&rft.au=Arthur+C.+Aufderheide&rft.au=Conrado+Rodr%C3%ADguez-Mart%C3%ADn&rft.au=Odin+Langsjoen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DqubTdDk1H3IC%26pg%3DPA205%26dq%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-36"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-36"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/smallpox.html">"The Story Of... Smallpox – and other Deadly Eurasian Germs"</A>. Public Broadcasting Service. 2005<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 24,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+Of...+Smallpox+%E2%80%93+and+other+Deadly+Eurasian+Germs&rft.pub=Public+Broadcasting+Service&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fgunsgermssteel%2Fvariables%2Fsmallpox.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-37"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-37"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Austin Alchon, Suzanne (2003). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YiHHnV08ebkC&pg=PA31&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false"><I>A pest in the land: new world epidemics in a global perspective</I></A>. University of New Mexico Press. p. 31. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8263-2871-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8263-2871-7">0-8263-2871-7</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+pest+in+the+land%3A+new+world+epidemics+in+a+global+perspective&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8263-2871-7&rft.aulast=Austin+Alchon&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYiHHnV08ebkC%26pg%3DPA31%26dq%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-38"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-38"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexmundi.com/world/demographics_profile.html">"World Demographics Profile 2012"</A>. Index Mundi<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 22,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Demographics+Profile+2012&rft.pub=Index+Mundi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexmundi.com%2Fworld%2Fdemographics_profile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-39"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-39"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fastcodesign.com/1669244/by-2050-70-of-the-worlds-population-will-be-urban-is-that-a-good-thing">"By 2050, 70% of the world's population will be urban. Is that a good thing?"</A>. Fast Co. Design. 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 1,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=By+2050%2C+70%25+of+the+world%27s+population+will+be+urban.+Is+that+a+good+thing%3F&rft.pub=Fast+Co.+Design&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcodesign.com%2F1669244%2Fby-2050-70-of-the-worlds-population-will-be-urban-is-that-a-good-thing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-40"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-40"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110405081151/http://home.vicnet.net.au/~ozideas/poprus.htm"><I>Population crises and cycles in history – A review by Claire Russell and W.M.S. Russell</I></A>, Vicnet.net.au, archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.vicnet.net.au/~ozideas/poprus.htm">the original</A> on April 5, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 26,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Population+crises+and+cycles+in+history+%E2%80%93+A+review+by+Claire+Russell+and+W.M.S.+Russell&rft.pub=Vicnet.net.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.vicnet.net.au%2F~ozideas%2Fpoprus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Buer-41"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Buer_41-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Buer, Mabel C. (1926). <I>Health, Wealth and Population in the Early Days of the Industrial Revolution</I>. London: George Routledge & Sons. p. 30. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-38218-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-38218-1">0-415-38218-1</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Health%2C+Wealth+and+Population+in+the+Early+Days+of+the+Industrial+Revolution&rft.place=London&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=George+Routledge+%26+Sons&rft.date=1926&rft.isbn=0-415-38218-1&rft.aulast=Buer&rft.aufirst=Mabel+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-42"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-42"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/foundling_01.shtml">"The Foundling Hospital"</A>. BBC History. October 5, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 22,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Foundling+Hospital&rft.pub=BBC+History&rft.date=2012-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Fvictorians%2Ffoundling_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-43"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-43"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/387301/modernization/12022/Population-change">"Modernization – Population Change"</A>. <I>Encyclopædia Britannica</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 6,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Modernization+%E2%80%93+Population+Change&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F387301%2Fmodernization%2F12022%2FPopulation-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-44"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-44"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Graziella Caselli; Gillaume Wunsch & Jacques Vallin (2005). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=nmgNXoiAiU4C&pg=RA2-PA42&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false"><I>Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population</I></A>. Academic Press via Google Books. p. 42. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-765660-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-12-765660-X">0-12-765660-X</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demography%3A+Analysis+and+Synthesis%2C+Four+Volume+Set%3A+A+Treatise+in+Population&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Academic+Press+via+Google+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-12-765660-X&rft.au=Graziella+Caselli&rft.au=Gillaume+Wunsch&rft.au=Jacques+Vallin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DnmgNXoiAiU4C%26pg%3DRA2-PA42%26dq%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-45"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-45"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/victorian_medicine_01.shtml">"Victorian Medicine – From Fluke to Theory"</A>. BBC History. February 1, 2002<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 17,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Victorian+Medicine+%E2%80%93+From+Fluke+to+Theory&rft.pub=BBC+History&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Fvictorians%2Fvictorian_medicine_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-46"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-46"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/a-portrait-of-britain-in-2031-395231.html">"A portrait of Britain in 2031"</A>. <I>The Independent</I>. October 24, 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 17,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=A+portrait+of+Britain+in+2031&rft.date=2007-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fa-portrait-of-britain-in-2031-395231.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-47"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-47"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5281360.stm">"UK population breaks through 60m"</A>. BBC News. August 24, 2006<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 14,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UK+population+breaks+through+60m&rft.date=2006-08-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F5281360.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-48"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-48"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/od/obtainpopulationdata/a/uspop.htm">"US population through history"</A>. About.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 14,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+population+through+history&rft.pub=About.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Fod%2Fobtainpopulationdata%2Fa%2Fuspop.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-49"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-49"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Jay Winter, Emmanuel Sivan (2000). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZK2A5x7E8IkC&pg=PA64"><I>War and Remembrance in the Twentieth Century</I></A>. Cambridge University Press. p. 64. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521794366" title="Special:BookSources/0521794366">0521794366</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Remembrance+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0521794366&rft.au=Jay+Winter%2C+Emmanuel+Sivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZK2A5x7E8IkC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-50"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-50"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Mark Harrison (2002). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=yJcD7_Q_rQ8C&pg=PA167&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false"><I>Accounting for War: Soviet Production, Employment, and the Defence Burden, 1940–1945</I></A>. Cambridge University Press via Google Books. p. 167. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-89424-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-89424-7">0-521-89424-7</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accounting+for+War%3A+Soviet+Production%2C+Employment%2C+and+the+Defence+Burden%2C+1940%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press+via+Google+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-89424-7&rft.au=Mark+Harrison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DyJcD7_Q_rQ8C%26pg%3DPA167%26dq%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-51"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-51"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9078672/Vladimir-Putin-vows-to-reverse-Russian-population-decline.html">"Vladimir Putin vows to reverse Russian population decline"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</A></I>. February 13, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 13,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+vows+to+reverse+Russian+population+decline&rft.date=2012-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fvladimir-putin%2F9078672%2FVladimir-Putin-vows-to-reverse-Russian-population-decline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-52"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-52"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/russia-demography-health-birthrate-deaths/24998304.html">"Russia's Population Decline Said To Have 'Stopped<SPAN style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</SPAN>"</A>. Radio Free Europe. May 27, 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">June 15,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%E2%80%99s+Population+Decline+Said+To+Have+%27Stopped%27&rft.pub=Radio+Free+Europe&rft.date=2013-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fcontent%2Frussia-demography-health-birthrate-deaths%2F24998304.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-53"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-53"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">"China's demographic evolution 1850–1953 reconsidered". <I>The China Quarterly</I>. JSTOR: 639–646. 1978. <A href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/652987">652987</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+China+Quarterly&rft.atitle=China%27s+demographic+evolution+1850%E2%80%931953+reconsidered&rft.pages=639-646&rft.date=1978&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F652987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-54"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-54"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.petersoninstitute.org/publications/chapters_preview/98/1iie2806.pdf">"Reintegrating India with the World Economy"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. Peterson Institute for International Economics. 2003<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 8,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reintegrating+India+with+the+World+Economy&rft.pub=Peterson+Institute+for+International+Economics&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.petersoninstitute.org%2Fpublications%2Fchapters_preview%2F98%2F1iie2806.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-55"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-55"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html#in">"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency"</A>. <I>www.cia.gov</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-01-08</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov&rft.atitle=The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%94+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2119rank.html%23in&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-56"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-56"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/301673/Java">"Java (island, Indonesia)"</A>. <I>Encyclopædia Britannica</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 7,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Java+%28island%2C+Indonesia%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F301673%2FJava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-57"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-57"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Jorge Durand (March 2004). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=203">"From Traitors to Heroes: 100 Years of Mexican Migration Policies"</A>. <A href="/wiki/University_of_Guadalajara" title="University of Guadalajara">University of Guadalajara</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 16,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Traitors+to+Heroes%3A+100+Years+of+Mexican+Migration+Policies&rft.pub=University+of+Guadalajara&rft.date=2004-03&rft.au=Jorge+Durand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.migrationinformation.org%2FFeature%2Fdisplay.cfm%3FID%3D203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-58"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-58"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hist.umn.edu/~rmccaa/ipums-global/mexico_ipums_dublin_workshop.pdf">"Population and Housing Census: Mexico 2010"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <A href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</A>. March 3, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 16,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+Housing+Census%3A+Mexico+2010&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota&rft.date=2011-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hist.umn.edu%2F~rmccaa%2Fipums-global%2Fmexico_ipums_dublin_workshop.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-59"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-59"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A href="/wiki/Gunnar_Heinsohn" title="Gunnar Heinsohn">Gunnar Heinsohn</A> (January 7, 2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/17/opinion/17iht-edheinsohn.1.9292632.html">"Kenya's Violence: Exploding population"</A>. <I>The New York Times</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 7,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kenya%27s+Violence%3A+Exploding+population&rft.date=2008-01-07&rft.au=Gunnar+Heinsohn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F01%2F17%2Fopinion%2F17iht-edheinsohn.1.9292632.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-60"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-60"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205063346/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbilpart1.pdf">"The World at Six Billion: Introduction"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. United Nations. 1999. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbilpart1.pdf">the original</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN> on February 5, 2016<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 14,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+at+Six+Billion%3A+Introduction&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fsixbillion%2Fsixbilpart1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-USCBcite-61"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-USCBcite_61-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/popclockworld.html">"U.S. Census Bureau – World POPClock Projection"</A>. July 2013.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+%E2%80%93+World+POPClock+Projection&rft.date=2013-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fpopclockworld.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> The number on this page is automatically updated daily.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-UN7bn-62"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-UN7bn_62-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-15459643">"Population seven billion: UN sets out challenges"</A>. BBC News. October 26, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 27,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Population+seven+billion%3A+UN+sets+out+challenges&rft.date=2011-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-15459643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Guardian7-63"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Guardian7_63-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Coleman, Jasmine (October 31, 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/31/seven-billionth-baby-born-philippines?intcmp=122">"World's 'seven billionth baby' is born"</A>. <I>The Guardian</I>. London<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 31,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=World%27s+%27seven+billionth+baby%27+is+born&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Jasmine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2011%2Foct%2F31%2Fseven-billionth-baby-born-philippines%3Fintcmp%3D122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-UPI7bn-64"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-UPI7bn_64-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2011/10/31/7-billion-people-is-a-serious-challenge/UPI-73301320046200/">"7 billion people is a 'serious challenge"</A>. UPI. October 31, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 9,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=7+billion+people+is+a+%27serious+challenge&rft.pub=UPI&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FUS%2F2011%2F10%2F31%2F7-billion-people-is-a-serious-challenge%2FUPI-73301320046200%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-WorldPopProspects-65"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-WorldPopProspects_65-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WorldPopProspects_65-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN>
<UL>
<LI><SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">"Ch. 5: Population Size and Composition". <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2000/chapter5.pdf"><I>World Population Prospects, the 2000 Revision</I></A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. Vol.III. United Nations Population Division. p. 171<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 3,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+5%3A+Population+Size+and+Composition&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects%2C+the+2000+Revision&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=United+Nations+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fwpp2000%2Fchapter5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation book">"Executive Summary". <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2002/English.pdf"><I>World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision Volume III: Analytical Report</I></A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. 2002<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 3,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Executive+Summary&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects%3A+The+2002+Revision+Volume+III%3A+Analytical+Report&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fwpp2002%2FEnglish.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation journal"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/longrange2/WorldPop2300final.pdf">"World Population to 2300"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs: Population Division. 2004: 3, 14<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 3,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=World+Population+to+2300&rft.pages=3%2C+14&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Flongrange2%2FWorldPop2300final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation journal"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpopgraph.php">"World Population: 1950–2050"</A>. <A href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</A>. June 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 3,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=World+Population%3A+1950%E2%80%932050&rft.date=2010-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fipc%2Fwww%2Fidb%2Fworldpopgraph.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation journal"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/pdf09/09wpds_eng.pdf">"2009 World Population Data Sheet"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. Washington, DC: <A href="/wiki/Population_Reference_Bureau" title="Population Reference Bureau">Population Reference Bureau</A>. 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 3,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=2009+World+Population+Data+Sheet&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prb.org%2Fpdf09%2F09wpds_eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI id="cite_note-LongRangeProjections2003KeyFindings-66"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-LongRangeProjections2003KeyFindings_66-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-LongRangeProjections2003KeyFindings_66-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">"Key Findings". <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/longrange/longrangeKeyFind.pdf"><I>Long-Range Population Projections</I></A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <I>Proceedings of the United Nations Technical Working Group on Long-Range Population Projections</I>. New York: United Nations: Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2003<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 3,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Key+Findings&rft.btitle=Long-Range+Population+Projections&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=United+Nations%3A+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Flongrange%2FlongrangeKeyFind.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Fertility2010-67"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Fertility2010_67-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Fertility2010_67-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/DB01_Period_Indicators/WPP2010_DB1_F01_TOTAL_FERTILITY.XLS">"Total fertility estimates, 1950–2010"</A>. UN Population Division. April 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">June 14,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Total+fertility+estimates%2C+1950%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=UN+Population+Division&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpd%2Fwpp%2FExcel-Data%2FDB01_Period_Indicators%2FWPP2010_DB1_F01_TOTAL_FERTILITY.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-68"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-68"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Other-Information/faq.htm">"World Population Prospects, the 2008 Revision – Frequently Asked Questions"</A>. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. November 10, 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 26,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects%2C+the+2008+Revision+%E2%80%93+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=Population+Division+of+the+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs+of+the+United+Nations+Secretariat&rft.date=2010-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpd%2Fwpp%2FOther-Information%2Ffaq.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-WHOStats2014-69"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-WHOStats2014_69-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-WHOStats2014_69-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/world-health-statistics-2014/en/">"World Health Statistics 2014: Large gains in life expectancy"</A>. <A href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</A>. May 15, 2014<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 14,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Health+Statistics+2014%3A+Large+gains+in+life+expectancy&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fmediacentre%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2014%2Fworld-health-statistics-2014%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-IndexWorldDemogr.-70"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-IndexWorldDemogr._70-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-IndexWorldDemogr._70-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-IndexWorldDemogr._70-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-IndexWorldDemogr._70-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-IndexWorldDemogr._70-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexmundi.com/world/demographics_profile.html">"World Demographics Profile 2011"</A>. Index Mundi<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 18,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Demographics+Profile+2011&rft.pub=Index+Mundi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexmundi.com%2Fworld%2Fdemographics_profile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-71"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-71"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unfpa.org/gender/docs/studies/summaries/reg_exe_summary.pdf">"Sex-ratio imbalance in Asia: Trends, consequences and policy responses"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. UNFPA. 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">May 20,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sex-ratio+imbalance+in+Asia%3A+Trends%2C+consequences+and+policy+responses&rft.pub=UNFPA&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unfpa.org%2Fgender%2Fdocs%2Fstudies%2Fsummaries%2Freg_exe_summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-72"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-72"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexmundi.com/world/demographics_profile.html">"World Demographics Profile 2014"</A>. Index Mundi<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 4,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Demographics+Profile+2014&rft.pub=Index+Mundi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexmundi.com%2Fworld%2Fdemographics_profile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-73"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-73"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Janneh, Abdoulie (April 2012). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/cpd/cpd2012/Agenda%20item%204/UN%20system%20statements/ECA_Item4.pdf">"General debate on national experience in population matters: adolescents and youth"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 19,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+debate+on+national+experience+in+population+matters%3A+adolescents+and+youth&rft.pub=United+Nations+Economic+Commission+for+Africa&rft.date=2012-04&rft.au=Janneh%2C+Abdoulie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fcpd%2Fcpd2012%2FAgenda%2520item%25204%2FUN%2520system%2520statements%2FECA_Item4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-74"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-74"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-18462985">"Global weight gain more damaging than rising numbers"</A>. BBC. June 18, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 12,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Global+weight+gain+more+damaging+than+rising+numbers&rft.date=2012-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhealth-18462985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-CIA-75"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-CIA_75-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html">"World"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</A></I>. 2015<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">January 17,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=World&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fxx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-76"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-76"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/susan-davis/the-worlds-ultrapoor-reach_b_1400233.html">"What It Will Take to 'Graduate' 1.2 Billion People Out of Extreme Poverty"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</A></I>. April 4, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 26,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=What+It+Will+Take+to+%27Graduate%27+1.2+Billion+People+Out+of+Extreme+Poverty&rft.date=2012-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fsusan-davis%2Fthe-worlds-ultrapoor-reach_b_1400233.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-77"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-77"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i3027e/i3027e02.pdf">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, <I>The State of Food Insecurity in the World</I></A>. WorldHunger.org. 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2012.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-78"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-78"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm">"Statistics"</A>. Internet World Stats. June 30, 2014<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 5,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics&rft.pub=Internet+World+Stats&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.internetworldstats.com%2Fstats.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-79"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-79"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/03/04/worlds-most-typical-person-han-chinese-man/">"World’s Most Typical Person: Han Chinese Man"</A>. <I>Wall Street Journal</I>. March 4, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2011.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-80"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-80"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html">Religions by adherents</A>. Adherents.com. 2005 data. Retrieved December 19, 2011.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-82"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-82"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.stats.gov.cn/">"Chinese Official Population Clock (updated daily, in Chinese)"</A>. National Bureau of Statistics of China<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 23,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+Official+Population+Clock+%28updated+daily%2C+in+Chinese%29&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.stats.gov.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-83"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-83"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiastat.com">"Official population clock"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+population+clock&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiastat.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-84"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-84"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/popclockus.html">"United States Official Population Clock (updated daily)"</A>. USCB.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Official+Population+Clock+%28updated+daily%29&rft.pub=USCB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fpopclockus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-85"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-85"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140913184226/http://www.bi.go.id/sdds/series/pop/index_pop.asp">"Penduduk Indonesia Tengah Tahun menurut Jenis Kelamin"</A>. BI.go.id. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bi.go.id/sdds/series/pop/index_pop.asp">the original</A> on September 13, 2014<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 21,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penduduk+Indonesia+Tengah+Tahun+menurut+Jenis+Kelamin&rft.pub=BI.go.id&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bi.go.id%2Fsdds%2Fseries%2Fpop%2Findex_pop.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-86"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-86"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov.pk/">"Official Pakistani Population Clock"</A>. Population Census Organization of Pakistan.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Pakistani+Population+Clock&rft.pub=Population+Census+Organization+of+Pakistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov.pk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-87"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-87"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibge.gov.br/apps/populacao/projecao/index.html">"Official population clock"</A>. IBGE.gov.br.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+population+clock&rft.pub=IBGE.gov.br&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibge.gov.br%2Fapps%2Fpopulacao%2Fprojecao%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-88"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-88"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL">"Population, total"</A>. World Bank. 2014<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 21,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population%2C+total&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.POP.TOTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-89"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-89"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110904045106/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/Home.aspx">"Official population clock"</A>. BBS.gov.bd. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbs.gov.bd/Home.aspx">the original</A> on September 4, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 4,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+population+clock&rft.pub=BBS.gov.bd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbs.gov.bd%2FHome.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-91"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-91"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/b14_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk06/8-0.doc">"Official estimate (including Crimea and Sevastopol)"</A>. GKS.ru<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">September 1,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+estimate+%28including+Crimea+and+Sevastopol%29&rft.pub=GKS.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Fbgd%2Ffree%2Fb14_00%2FIssWWW.exe%2FStg%2Fdk06%2F8-0.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-92"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-92"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.htm">"Japan population"</A>. Official Japan Statistics Bureau<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 10,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+population&rft.pub=Official+Japan+Statistics+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fdata%2Fjinsui%2Ftsuki%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-93"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-93"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Hackett, C. (11 July 2014). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/07/11/half-the-worlds-population-live-in-just-6-countries/">"Which six countries hold half the world's population?"</A>. Pew Research Center<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">13 March</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Which+six+countries+hold+half+the+world%E2%80%99s+population%3F&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2014-07-11&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2014%2F07%2F11%2Fhalf-the-worlds-population-live-in-just-6-countries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-BigDecline-94"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-BigDecline_94-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-BigDecline_94-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Demetriou, Danielle (April 17, 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/9999591/Japans-population-suffers-biggest-fall-in-history.html">"Japan's population suffers biggest fall in history"</A>. <I>Daily Telegraph</I>. London<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 22,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+population+suffers+biggest+fall+in+history&rft.date=2013-04-17&rft.aulast=Demetriou&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fjapan%2F9999591%2FJapans-population-suffers-biggest-fall-in-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-95"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-95"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6496585.stm">"The limits of a Green Revolution?"</A>. BBC News. March 29, 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 1,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+limits+of+a+Green+Revolution%3F&rft.date=2007-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fin_depth%2F6496585.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-96"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-96"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080422210924/http://www.energybulletin.net/19525.html">"The Real Green Revolution"</A>. Energybulletin.net. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.energybulletin.net/19525.html">the original</A> on April 22, 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 1,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Real+Green+Revolution&rft.pub=Energybulletin.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.energybulletin.net%2F19525.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-97"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-97"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/longrange2/WorldPop2300final.pdf">"World Population to 2300"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2004<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">June 16,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+to+2300&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Flongrange2%2FWorldPop2300final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-98"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-98"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html">"International Programs"</A>. USCB. January 7, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 16,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Programs&rft.pub=USCB&rft.date=2009-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fipc%2Fwww%2Fworldpop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-99"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-99"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Ron Nielsen (2006). <I>The Little Green Handbook</I>. New York: Picador. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-42581-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-42581-3">0-312-42581-3</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Little+Green+Handbook&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-312-42581-3&rft.au=Ron+Nielsen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-100"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-100"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf">"2006 report highlights"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. United Nations<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 1,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2006+report+highlights&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fwpp2006%2FWPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-101"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-101"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpp/">"UN population estimates and projections, database query, August 2009"</A>. United Nations. March 11, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 1,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+population+estimates+and+projections%2C+database+query%2C+August+2009&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2009-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-102"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-102"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Randers, Jorgen (2012). <I>2052: A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years</I>. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. p. 62.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2052%3A+A+Global+Forecast+for+the+Next+Forty+Years&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Vermont%3A+Chelsea+Green+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Randers%2C+Jorgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-103"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-103"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washington.edu/news/2014/09/18/world-population-to-keep-growing-this-century-hit-11-billion-by-2100/">World population to keep growing this century, hit 11 billion by 2100</A>. UWToday. September 18, 2014</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-UN-104"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-UN_104-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-UN_104-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_highlights.pdf">"World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <A href="/wiki/Population_Division_of_the_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs_of_the_United_Nations_Secretariat" class="mw-redirect" title="Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat">Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat</A>. June 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">June 20,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects%3A+The+2008+Revision&rft.pub=Population+Division+of+the+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs+of+the+United+Nations+Secretariat&rft.date=2009-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fwpp2008%2Fwpp2008_highlights.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-105"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-105"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm">"The World at Six Billion"</A>. United Nations. October 12, 1999<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 1,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+at+Six+Billion&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=1999-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fsixbillion%2Fsixbillion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-autogenerated1-106"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_106-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101452/http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html">"Population Growth over Human History"</A>. <A href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</A>. January 4, 2006. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/human_pop/human_pop.html">the original</A> on July 24, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 9,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+Growth+over+Human+History&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=2006-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalchange.umich.edu%2Fglobalchange2%2Fcurrent%2Flectures%2Fhuman_pop%2Fhuman_pop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Vallin-107"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Vallin_107-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Vallin_107-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Figures include the former Soviet countries in Europe. <CITE class="citation book">Caselli, Graziella; Gillaume Wunsch; Jacques Vallin (December 20, 2005). <I>Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population</I>. Academic Press. p. 42. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-765660-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-765660-1">978-0-12-765660-1</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demography%3A+Analysis+and+Synthesis%2C+Four+Volume+Set%3A+A+Treatise+in+Population&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2005-12-20&rft.isbn=978-0-12-765660-1&rft.aulast=Caselli&rft.aufirst=Graziella&rft.au=Gillaume+Wunsch&rft.au=Jacques+Vallin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-un2004-108"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-un2004_108-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-un2004_108-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205063346/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbilpart1.pdf">"UN report – 2004 data"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbilpart1.pdf">the original</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN> on February 5, 2016<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 1,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+report+%E2%80%93+2004+data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fsixbillion%2Fsixbilpart1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-109"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-109"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/Key_Findings_WPP_2015.pdf">"World Population Prospects The 2015 Revision"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=World+Population+Prospects+The+2015+Revision&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpd%2Fwpp%2FPublications%2FFiles%2FKey_Findings_WPP_2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-111"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-111"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm">"The World at Six Billion"</A>. UN Population Division. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042434/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm">Archived</A> from the original on March 5, 2016.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+at+Six+Billion&rft.pub=UN+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fsixbillion%2Fsixbillion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN>, <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101220025/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbilpart1.pdf">Table 2</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-112"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-112"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Fewer than 15,000 individuals, according to the <A href="/wiki/Toba_catastrophe_theory" title="Toba catastrophe theory">Toba catastrophe theory</A>, though this theory has been criticized by some scientists. See: <CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22355515">"Toba super-volcano catastrophe idea "dismissed<SPAN style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</SPAN>"</A>. BBC News. April 30, 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 21,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toba+super-volcano+catastrophe+idea+%22dismissed%22&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2013-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-22355515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-HistoricalEstimates-113"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-HistoricalEstimates_113-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">An approximation based on figures from different sources as listed at the US Census Bureau's <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_history.php">Historical Estimates of World Population</A>; see also *<CITE class="citation journal"><A href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Kremer, Michael</A> (1993). "Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990". <I>The Quarterly Journal of Economics</I>. <B>108</B> (3): 681–716. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.2307%2F2118405">10.2307/2118405</A>. <A href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2118405">2118405</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&rft.atitle=Population+Growth+and+Technological+Change%3A+One+Million+B.C.+to+1990&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=681-716&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2118405&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2118405&rft.aulast=Kremer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-CensusPopulation-114"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-CensusPopulation_114-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">An approximation based on figures from different sources as listed at the US Census Bureau's <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_population.php">Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950-2050</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-116"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-116"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popwnote.html">"Notes on the World POPClock and World Vital Events"</A>. US Census Bureau<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 12,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notes+on+the+World+POPClock+and+World+Vital+Events&rft.pub=US+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fipc%2Fwww%2Fpopwnote.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-117"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-117"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm">"World Population Prospects, the 2012 Revision – "Low variant" and "High variant" values"</A>. UN. 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">June 15,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects%2C+the+2012+Revision+%E2%80%93+%22Low+variant%22+and+%22High+variant%22+values&rft.pub=UN&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Fwpp%2Funpp%2Fpanel_population.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-118"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-118"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=45165">"World population projected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050 – UN report"</A>. UN News Centre. June 14, 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">June 16,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+population+projected+to+reach+9.6+billion+by+2050+%E2%80%93+UN+report&rft.pub=UN+News+Centre&rft.date=2013-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3FNewsID%3D45165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-119"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-119"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130404072923.htm">"A model predicts that the world's populations will stop growing in 2050"</A>. ScienceDaily.com. April 4, 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">June 3,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+model+predicts+that+the+world%27s+populations+will+stop+growing+in+2050&rft.pub=ScienceDaily.com&rft.date=2013-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2013%2F04%2F130404072923.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-120"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-120"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Carrington, Damien (September 18, 2014). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/sep/18/world-population-new-study-11bn-2100">"World population to hit 12bn in 2100 – with 70% chance of continuous rise"</A>. <I>The Guardian</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">September 21,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=World+population+to+hit+12bn+in+2100+%E2%80%93+with+70%25+chance+of+continuous+rise&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft.au=Carrington%2C+Damien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2014%2Fsep%2F18%2Fworld-population-new-study-11bn-2100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-121"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-121"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Gerland, P.; Raftery, A. E.; Ev Ikova, H.; Li, N.; Gu, D.; Spoorenberg, T.; Alkema, L.; Fosdick, B. K.; Chunn, J.; Lalic, N.; Bay, G.; Buettner, T.; Heilig, G. K.; Wilmoth, J. (September 14, 2014). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2014/09/17/science.1257469">"World population stabilization unlikely this century"</A>. <I>Science</I>. AAAS. <B>346</B> (6206): 234–7. <A href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Sci...346..234G">2014Sci...346..234G</A>. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1257469">10.1126/science.1257469</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1095-9203">1095-9203</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</A> <SPAN class="plainlinks"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4230924">4230924</A> <IMG alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" title="Freely accessible" width="9" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></SPAN>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301627">25301627</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">September 21,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=World+population+stabilization+unlikely+this+century&rft.volume=346&rft.issue=6206&rft.pages=234-7&rft.date=2014-09-14&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4230924&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014Sci...346..234G&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25301627&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1257469&rft.issn=1095-9203&rft.aulast=Gerland&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Raftery%2C+A.+E.&rft.au=Ev+Ikova%2C+H.&rft.au=Li%2C+N.&rft.au=Gu%2C+D.&rft.au=Spoorenberg%2C+T.&rft.au=Alkema%2C+L.&rft.au=Fosdick%2C+B.+K.&rft.au=Chunn%2C+J.&rft.au=Lalic%2C+N.&rft.au=Bay%2C+G.&rft.au=Buettner%2C+T.&rft.au=Heilig%2C+G.+K.&rft.au=Wilmoth%2C+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcontent%2Fearly%2F2014%2F09%2F17%2Fscience.1257469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-122"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-122"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Peter P. Rogers; Kazi F. Jalal & John A. Boyd (2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=GZ4Pvk0LVQMC"><I>An Introduction To Sustainable Development</I></A>. Earthscan via <A href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</A>. p. 53. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849770477" title="Special:BookSources/9781849770477">9781849770477</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+To+Sustainable+Development&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Earthscan+via+Google+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781849770477&rft.au=Peter+P.+Rogers&rft.au=Kazi+F.+Jalal&rft.au=John+A.+Boyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DGZ4Pvk0LVQMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-TIMEenvir-123"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-TIMEenvir_123-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-TIMEenvir_123-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2097720_2097782_2097814,00.html">"Overpopulation's Real Victim Will Be the Environment"</A>. <I>TIME</I>. October 26, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Overpopulation%27s+Real+Victim+Will+Be+the+Environment&rft.date=2011-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fspecials%2Fpackages%2Farticle%2F0%2C28804%2C2097720_2097782_2097814%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Zehner-124"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Zehner_124-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Zehner, Ozzie (2012). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greenillusions.org"><I>Green Illusions</I></A>. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 187–331.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Green+Illusions&rft.place=Lincoln+and+London&rft.pages=187-331&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Zehner&rft.aufirst=Ozzie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgreenillusions.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-UN12-125"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-UN12_125-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-UN12_125-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/wpp/Excel-Data/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2012_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.XLS">"World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(XLS)</SPAN>. <A href="/wiki/Population_Division_of_the_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs_of_the_United_Nations_Secretariat" class="mw-redirect" title="Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat">Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat</A>. June 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 7,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects%3A+The+2012+Revision&rft.pub=Population+Division+of+the+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs+of+the+United+Nations+Secretariat&rft.date=2013-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Fwpp%2FExcel-Data%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F1_Population%2FWPP2012_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-126"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-126"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_population.php">"World Population – Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950–2050"</A>. Census.gov. July 2015<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 7,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+%E2%80%93+Total+Midyear+Population+for+the+World%3A+1950%E2%80%932050&rft.pub=Census.gov&rft.date=2015-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Finternational%2Fdata%2Fworldpop%2Ftable_population.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-127"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-127"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Sebastien von Hoerner (1975). "Population Explosion and Interstellar Expansion". <I>Journal of the British Interplanetary Society</I> (28): 691–712.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+British+Interplanetary+Society&rft.atitle=Population+Explosion+and+Interstellar+Expansion&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=691-712&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Sebastien+von+Hoerner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-128"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-128"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urss.ru/cgi-bin/db.pl?cp=&page=Book&id=37484&lang=en&blang=en&list=14"><I>Introduction to Social Macrodynamics</I></A>. <A href="/wiki/Andrey_Korotayev" title="Andrey Korotayev">Andrey Korotayev</A> <I>et al.</I> For a rigorous mathematical analysis of this issue, see <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1206.0496">"A Compact Mathematical Model of the World System Economic and Demographic Growth, 1 CE – 1973 CE"</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Kapitza-129"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Kapitza_129-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Kapitsa, Sergei P. (1996). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090511041230/http://srs.dl.ac.uk/SPEAKERS/KAPITZA/Uspekhi_96.html">"The phenomenological theory of world population growth"</A>. <I>Physics-Uspekhi</I>. <B>39</B> (1): 57–71. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1070%2Fpu1996v039n01abeh000127">10.1070/pu1996v039n01abeh000127</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://srs.dl.ac.uk/SPEAKERS/KAPITZA/Uspekhi_96.html">the original</A> on May 11, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-07-26</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics-Uspekhi&rft.atitle=The+phenomenological+theory+of+world+population+growth&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-71&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1070%2Fpu1996v039n01abeh000127&rft.aulast=Kapitsa&rft.aufirst=Sergei+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsrs.dl.ac.uk%2FSPEAKERS%2FKAPITZA%2FUspekhi_96.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-130"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-130"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Lutz, Wolfgang; Sanderson, Warren; Scherbov, Sergei (1997-06-19). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v387/n6635/full/387803a0.html">"Doubling of world population unlikely"</A>. <I>Nature</I>. <B>387</B> (6635): 803–805. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1038%2F42935">10.1038/42935</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9194559">9194559</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2012-10-23</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Doubling+of+world+population+unlikely&rft.volume=387&rft.issue=6635&rft.pages=803-805&rft.date=1997-06-19&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F42935&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9194559&rft.aulast=Lutz&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+Warren&rft.au=Scherbov%2C+Sergei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature%2Fjournal%2Fv387%2Fn6635%2Ffull%2F387803a0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-BeddWarn-131"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-BeddWarn_131-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-BeddWarn_131-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/mar/18/perfect-storm-john-beddington-energy-food-climate">"World faces 'perfect storm' of problems by 2030, chief scientist to warn"</A>. <I>The Guardian</I>. March 18, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=World+faces+%27perfect+storm%27+of+problems+by+2030%2C+chief+scientist+to+warn&rft.date=2009-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2009%2Fmar%2F18%2Fperfect-storm-john-beddington-energy-food-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-132"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-132"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Jowit, Juliette (October 23, 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/oct/23/paul-ehrlich-global-collapse-warning">"Paul Ehrlich, a prophet of global population doom who is gloomier than ever"</A>. <I>The Guardian</I>. London<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 22,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Paul+Ehrlich%2C+a+prophet+of+global+population+doom+who+is+gloomier+than+ever&rft.date=2011-10-23&rft.aulast=Jowit&rft.aufirst=Juliette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2011%2Foct%2F23%2Fpaul-ehrlich-global-collapse-warning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-133"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-133"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Kindall, Henery W & Pimentel, David (May 1994). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dieoff.org/page36.htm">"Constraints on the Expansion of the Global Food Supply"</A>. <I>Ambio</I>. <B>23</B> (3).</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Constraints+on+the+Expansion+of+the+Global+Food+Supply&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1994-05&rft.au=Kindall%2C+Henery+W&rft.au=Pimentel%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdieoff.org%2Fpage36.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-134"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-134"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6496585.stm">"The limits of a Green Revolution?"</A>. BBC News. March 29, 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+limits+of+a+Green+Revolution%3F&rft.date=2007-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fin_depth%2F6496585.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-135"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-135"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/eigenbr.htm">"Host Plant Resistance and Conservation of Genetic Diversity"</A>. <I>Radcliffe's IPM World Textbook</I>. University of Minnesota. March 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 20,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radcliffe%27s+IPM+World+Textbook&rft.atitle=Host+Plant+Resistance+and+Conservation+of+Genetic+Diversity&rft.date=2013-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fipmworld.umn.edu%2Fchapters%2Feigenbr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-van_den_BerghRietveld2004-136"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-van_den_BerghRietveld2004_136-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M.; Rietveld, Piet (2004). "Reconsidering the Limits to World Population: Meta-analysis and Meta-prediction". <I>BioScience</I>. <B>54</B> (3): 195. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282004%29054%5B0195%3ARTLTWP%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0195:RTLTWP]2.0.CO;2</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568">0006-3568</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=Reconsidering+the+Limits+to+World+Population%3A+Meta-analysis+and+Meta-prediction&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=195&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1641%2F0006-3568%282004%29054%5B0195%3ARTLTWP%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.issn=0006-3568&rft.aulast=van+den+Bergh&rft.aufirst=Jeroen+C.+J.+M.&rft.au=Rietveld%2C+Piet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-137"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-137"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0118/p08s01-comv.html">"The global grain bubble"</A>. <I>Christian Science Monitor</I>. January 18, 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=The+global+grain+bubble&rft.date=2008-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2008%2F0118%2Fp08s01-comv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-138"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-138"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">James Randerson, science correspondent (March 7, 2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/mar/07/scienceofclimatechange.food">"Food crisis will take hold before climate change, warns chief scientist"</A>. <I>The Guardian</I>. London<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Food+crisis+will+take+hold+before+climate+change%2C+warns+chief+scientist&rft.date=2008-03-07&rft.au=James+Randerson%2C+science+correspondent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2008%2Fmar%2F07%2Fscienceofclimatechange.food&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-139"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-139"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">John Vidal, environment editor (November 3, 2007). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/nov/03/food.climatechange">"Global food crisis looms as climate change and fuel shortages bite"</A>. <I>The Guardian</I>. London<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Global+food+crisis+looms+as+climate+change+and+fuel+shortages+bite&rft.date=2007-11-03&rft.au=John+Vidal%2C+environment+editor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2007%2Fnov%2F03%2Ffood.climatechange&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Extra_text:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list">link</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-140"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-140"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Walsoft (February 22, 2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article3782.html">"Experts: Global Food Shortages Could 'Continue for Decades<SPAN style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</SPAN>"</A>. Marketoracle.co.uk<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Experts%3A+Global+Food+Shortages+Could+%E2%80%98Continue+for+Decades%27&rft.pub=Marketoracle.co.uk&rft.date=2008-02-22&rft.au=Walsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketoracle.co.uk%2FArticle3782.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-141"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-141"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Moya K. Mason. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moyak.com/papers/urbanization-agriculture.html">"Has Urbanization Caused a Loss to Agricultural Land?"</A>. Moyak.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">July 9,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Has+Urbanization+Caused+a+Loss+to+Agricultural+Land%3F&rft.pub=Moyak.com&rft.au=Moya+K.+Mason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moyak.com%2Fpapers%2Furbanization-agriculture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-142"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-142"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Walt, Vivienne (February 27, 2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1717572,00.html">"The World's Growing Food-Price Crisis"</A>. <I>Time</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+Growing+Food-Price+Crisis&rft.date=2008-02-27&rft.aulast=Walt&rft.aufirst=Vivienne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1717572%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-143"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-143"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/7284196.stm">"The cost of food: Facts and figures"</A>. BBC. October 16, 2008. Retrieved February 18, 2013.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-144"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-144"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Julian Borger (February 26, 2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/feb/26/food.unitednations">"Feed the world? We are fighting a losing battle, UN admits"</A>. <I>The Guardian</I>. London<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Feed+the+world%3F+We+are+fighting+a+losing+battle%2C+UN+admits&rft.date=2008-02-26&rft.au=Julian+Borger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2008%2Ffeb%2F26%2Ffood.unitednations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-145"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-145"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Buchanan, Emily (April 22, 2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/7361945.stm">"Assessing the global food crisis"</A>. BBC News<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">April 6,</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+global+food+crisis&rft.date=2008-04-22&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fin_depth%2F7361945.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-146"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-146"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20968076">"Half of all food 'wasted' report claims"</A>. BBC. January 10, 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">January 10,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Half+of+all+food+%27wasted%27+report+claims&rft.date=2013-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-20968076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-147"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-147"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.cnn.com/2011/03/03/news/economy/food_prices/index.htm">"Oil shock could push world food prices higher"</A>. CNN Money. March 3, 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oil+shock+could+push+world+food+prices+higher&rft.pub=CNN+Money&rft.date=2011-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2011%2F03%2F03%2Fnews%2Feconomy%2Ffood_prices%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-148"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-148"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">P. Crabbè (2000). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=denet95NNzkC&pg=PA411&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false"><I>Implementing ecological integrity: restoring regional and global environmental and human health</I></A>. North Atlantic Treaty Organization Scientific Affairs Division/Springer. p. 411. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7923-6351-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7923-6351-5">0-7923-6351-5</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Implementing+ecological+integrity%3A+restoring+regional+and+global+environmental+and+human+health&rft.pages=411&rft.pub=North+Atlantic+Treaty+Organization+Scientific+Affairs+Division%2FSpringer&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7923-6351-5&rft.au=P.+Crabb%C3%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Ddenet95NNzkC%26pg%3DPA411%26dq%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-149"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-149"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7951838.stm">"Global crisis 'to strike by 2030"</A>. BBC News. March 19, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Global+crisis+%27to+strike+by+2030&rft.date=2009-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F7951838.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-150"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-150"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finfacts.ie/irishfinancenews/article_1017966.shtml">"Global food production will have to increase 70% for additional 2.3 billion people by 2050"</A>. Finfacts.com. September 24, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+food+production+will+have+to+increase+70%25+for+additional+2.3+billion+people+by+2050&rft.pub=Finfacts.com&rft.date=2009-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.finfacts.ie%2Firishfinancenews%2Farticle_1017966.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-151"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-151"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0291e/i0291e00.htm">"The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2008: High food prices and food security – threats and opportunities"</A>. UN <A href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</A> – Economic and Social Development Department. 2008. p. 2<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 8,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+State+of+Food+Insecurity+in+the+World%2C+2008%3A+High+food+prices+and+food+security+%E2%80%93+threats+and+opportunities&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=UN+Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+%E2%80%93+Economic+and+Social+Development+Department&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2F011%2Fi0291e%2Fi0291e00.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-152"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-152"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/20568/icode/">"One sixth of humanity undernourished – more than ever before"</A>. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 8,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=One+sixth+of+humanity+undernourished+%E2%80%93+more+than+ever+before&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fnews%2Fstory%2Fen%2Fitem%2F20568%2Ficode%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-153"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-153"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217234021/http://www.footprintnetwork.org/gfn_sub.php?content=overshoot">"Ecological Debt Day"</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.footprintnetwork.org/gfn_sub.php?content=overshoot">the original</A> on December 17, 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecological+Debt+Day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.footprintnetwork.org%2Fgfn_sub.php%3Fcontent%3Dovershoot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-154"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-154"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/planetaryboundaries/index.html#feature">"Planetary Boundaries: Specials"</A>. <I>Nature</I>. September 23, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Planetary+Boundaries%3A+Specials&rft.date=2009-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnews%2Fspecials%2Fplanetaryboundaries%2Findex.html%23feature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-155"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-155"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100210203604/http://www.interacademies.net/?id=3547">"IAP (login required)"</A>. InterAcademies.net. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interacademies.net/?id=3547">the original</A> on February 10, 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 18,</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IAP+%28login+required%29&rft.pub=InterAcademies.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interacademies.net%2F%3Fid%3D3547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-156"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-156"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Pimm, S. L.; Jenkins, C. N.; Abell, R.; Brooks, T. M.; Gittleman, J. L.; Joppa, L. N.; Raven, P. H.; Roberts, C. M.; Sexton, J. O. (30 May 2014). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static.squarespace.com/static/51b078a6e4b0e8d244dd9620/t/538797c3e4b07a163543ea0f/1401395139381/Pimm+et+al.+2014.pdf">"The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <I><A href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</A></I>. <B>344</B> (6187): 1246752. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1246752">10.1126/science.1246752</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876501">24876501</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 December</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>. <Q>The overarching driver of species extinction is human population growth and increasing per capita consumption.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+biodiversity+of+species+and+their+rates+of+extinction%2C+distribution%2C+and+protection&rft.volume=344&rft.issue=6187&rft.pages=1246752&rft.date=2014-05-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1246752&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24876501&rft.aulast=Pimm&rft.aufirst=S.+L.&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+C.+N.&rft.au=Abell%2C+R.&rft.au=Brooks%2C+T.+M.&rft.au=Gittleman%2C+J.+L.&rft.au=Joppa%2C+L.+N.&rft.au=Raven%2C+P.+H.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+C.+M.&rft.au=Sexton%2C+J.+O.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.squarespace.com%2Fstatic%2F51b078a6e4b0e8d244dd9620%2Ft%2F538797c3e4b07a163543ea0f%2F1401395139381%2FPimm%2Bet%2Bal.%2B2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-157"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-157"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Ceballos, Gerardo; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Barnosky, Anthony D.; García, Andrés; Pringle, Robert M.; Palmer, Todd M. (2015). "Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction". <I><A href="/wiki/Science_Advances" title="Science Advances">Science Advances</A></I>. <B>1</B> (5): e1400253. <A href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SciA....1E0253C">2015SciA....1E0253C</A>. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.1400253">10.1126/sciadv.1400253</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=Accelerated+modern+human%E2%80%93induced+species+losses%3A+Entering+the+sixth+mass+extinction&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=e1400253&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.1400253&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015SciA....1E0253C&rft.aulast=Ceballos&rft.aufirst=Gerardo&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+Paul+R.&rft.au=Barnosky%2C+Anthony+D.&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa%2C+Andr%C3%A9s&rft.au=Pringle%2C+Robert+M.&rft.au=Palmer%2C+Todd+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-extinctioncrisis-158"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-extinctioncrisis_158-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-extinctioncrisis_158-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Sutter, John D. (December 12, 2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/12/world/sutter-vanishing-help/">"How to stop the sixth mass extinction"</A>. <I>CNN</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 19,</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=How+to+stop+the+sixth+mass+extinction&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft.aulast=Sutter&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F12%2F12%2Fworld%2Fsutter-vanishing-help%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-159"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-159"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Ceballos, Gerardo; Ehrlich, Paul R; Dirzo, Rodolfo (23 May 2017). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/07/05/1704949114.full">"Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America">PNAS</A></I>. <B>114</B>: 201704949. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1704949114">10.1073/pnas.1704949114</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</A> <SPAN class="plainlinks"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5544311">5544311</A> <IMG alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" title="Freely accessible" width="9" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></SPAN>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28696295">28696295</A>. <Q>Much less frequently mentioned are, however, the ultimate drivers of those immediate causes of biotic destruction, namely, human overpopulation and continued population growth, and overconsumption, especially by the rich. These drivers, all of which trace to the fiction that perpetual growth can occur on a finite planet, are themselves increasing rapidly.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PNAS&rft.atitle=Biological+annihilation+via+the+ongoing+sixth+mass+extinction+signaled+by+vertebrate+population+losses+and+declines&rft.volume=114&rft.pages=201704949&rft.date=2017-05-23&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5544311&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28696295&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1704949114&rft.aulast=Ceballos&rft.aufirst=Gerardo&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+Paul+R&rft.au=Dirzo%2C+Rodolfo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcontent%2Fearly%2F2017%2F07%2F05%2F1704949114.full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-160"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-160"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM, Galetti M, Alamgir M, Crist E, Mahmoud MI, Laurance WF (13 November 2017). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/doi/10.1093/biosci/bix125/4605229">"World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/BioScience" title="BioScience">BioScience</A></I>. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix125">10.1093/biosci/bix125</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=World+Scientists%E2%80%99+Warning+to+Humanity%3A+A+Second+Notice&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix125&rft.aulast=Ripple&rft.aufirst=WJ&rft.au=Wolf%2C+C&rft.au=Newsome%2C+TM&rft.au=Galetti%2C+M&rft.au=Alamgir%2C+M&rft.au=Crist%2C+E&rft.au=Mahmoud%2C+MI&rft.au=Laurance%2C+WF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fbioscience%2Farticle%2Fdoi%2F10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix125%2F4605229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-161"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-161"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Perkins, Sid (July 11, 2017). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/07/best-way-reduce-your-carbon-footprint-one-government-isn-t-telling-you-about">"The best way to reduce your carbon footprint is one the government isn't telling you about"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">December 9,</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+best+way+to+reduce+your+carbon+footprint+is+one+the+government+isn%E2%80%99t+telling+you+about&rft.date=2017-07-11&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Sid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fnews%2F2017%2F07%2Fbest-way-reduce-your-carbon-footprint-one-government-isn-t-telling-you-about&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-162"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-162"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Some population control programs, such as China's <A href="/wiki/One-child_policy" title="One-child policy">one-child policy</A>, entail the use of forced late-term abortions, sparking domestic anger and international condemnation: <CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jun/15/world/la-fg-china-abortions-20120616">"China one-child policy leads to forced abortions, mothers' deaths"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</A></I>. June 15, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">August 29,</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=China+one-child+policy+leads+to+forced+abortions%2C+mothers%27+deaths&rft.date=2012-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2012%2Fjun%2F15%2Fworld%2Fla-fg-china-abortions-20120616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-163"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-163"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/messages/peace/documents/hf_ben-xvi_mes_20081208_xlii-world-day-peace_en.html">"Fighting poverty to build peace"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</A>. January 1, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">October 24,</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fighting+poverty+to+build+peace&rft.pub=Vatican&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fbenedict_xvi%2Fmessages%2Fpeace%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_ben-xvi_mes_20081208_xlii-world-day-peace_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-164"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-164"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Zehmer, Ozzie (2012). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greenillusions.org"><I>Green lllusions</I></A>. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska. p. 188.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Green+lllusions&rft.place=Lincoln+and+London&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Zehmer&rft.aufirst=Ozzie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgreenillusions.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-165"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-165"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Connelly, Matthew (2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=CwImmRvyyiEC"><I>Fatal Misconception: The Struggle to Control World Population</I></A>. Harvard University Press via <A href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674029835" title="Special:BookSources/9780674029835">9780674029835</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fatal+Misconception%3A+The+Struggle+to+Control+World+Population&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press+via+Google+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780674029835&rft.au=Connelly%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DCwImmRvyyiEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-166"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-166"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pop.org/content/debunking-myth-overpopulation">"Debunking the Myth of Overpopulation"</A>. Population Research Institute. 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">February 19,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Debunking+the+Myth+of+Overpopulation&rft.pub=Population+Research+Institute&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pop.org%2Fcontent%2Fdebunking-myth-overpopulation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-167"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-167"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interacademies.net/10878/19191.aspx">"IAP Statement on Population and Consumption"</A>. InterAcademy Panel: The Global Network of Science Academies (IAP). June 14, 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">March 13,</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IAP+Statement+on+Population+and+Consumption&rft.pub=InterAcademy+Panel%3A+The+Global+Network+of+Science+Academies+%28IAP%29&rft.date=2012-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interacademies.net%2F10878%2F19191.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-168"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-168"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3503909.html">"A Response to Critics of Family Planning Programs"</A>. Guttmacher.org. March 1, 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 18,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Response+to+Critics+of+Family+Planning+Programs&rft.pub=Guttmacher.org&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guttmacher.org%2Fpubs%2Fjournals%2F3503909.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-169"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-169"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep.org/geo/pdfs/geo5/GEO5_report_full_en.pdf">"Global Environment Outlook – Environment for the future we want"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. UNEP. May 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">November 18,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Environment+Outlook+%E2%80%93+Environment+for+the+future+we+want&rft.pub=UNEP&rft.date=2012-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unep.org%2Fgeo%2Fpdfs%2Fgeo5%2FGEO5_report_full_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<TABLE role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
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<TD class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <I><B><A href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:World_population_statistics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:World population statistics">World population statistics</A></B></I>.</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><B>Further reading</B></P>
<UL>
<LI><CITE class="citation book">Cohen, Joel E. (1995). <I>How Many People Can The Earth Support?</I>. New York: W. W. Norton. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-31495-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-31495-2">0-393-31495-2</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Many+People+Can+The+Earth+Support%3F&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-393-31495-2&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Joel+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+population" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150816232627/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm">"World Population Prospects, the 2012 Revision"</A>. <A href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Population Division">United Nations Population Division</A>. Retrieved May 19, 2014.</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150816232627/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm">"World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision"</A>. <A href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Population Division">United Nations Population Division</A>. Retrieved June 25, 2013.</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150816232627/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm">"World Population History Graph"</A> World population graph 10000 BC - AD 1950.</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demographia.ru/eng/articles/index.html?idR=67&idArt=1815">"Symptoms of The Global Demographic Decline"</A>. Demographia.ru. Retrieved June 25, 2013.</LI>
<LI><I><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html">World Factbook 2012</A></I>. US <A href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</A> (CIA). Retrieved November 6, 2012.</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/transcripts/3108_worldbal.html">"The World in Balance"</A> (transcript). Two-part PBS Nova on world population. April 20, 2004. Retrieved July 19, 2013.</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://berkeley.academia.edu/OzzieZehner/Papers/911571/The_Environmental_Politics_of_Population_and_Overpopulation/">"The Environmental Politics of Population and Overpopulation"</A>. <A href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</A>. 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2013.</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/international/21579817-lot-more-people-faces-future">"Global population: Faces of the future"</A>. <I>The Economist</I>. June 22, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23253917">"Creating new life – and other ways to feed the world"</A>. BBC. July 23, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2013.</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/world-population-growth/">World Population Growth</A> (Oct 2016), Esteban Ortiz-Ospina and Max Roser, <I><A href="/wiki/OurWorldInData" class="mw-redirect" title="OurWorldInData">OurWorldInData.org</A></I></LI>
</UL>
<P><B>Organizations</B></P>
<UL>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.optimumpopulation.org/">Optimum Population Trust</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unfpa.org/press/six-billion-growing-population-and-sustainable-development-will-population-issues-undermine">The Day of 6 Billion</A> and <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130718121104/http://7billionactions.org/">7 Billion</A> – Official homepages maintained by UNFPA</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prb.org/">Population Reference Bureau</A> – News and issues related to population</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berlin-institut.org/index.php?id=48">Berlin Institute for Population and Development</A></LI>
</UL>
<P><B>Statistics and maps</B></P>
<UL>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hivegroup.com/gallery/worldpop/">HiveGroup.com – World population statistics presented in a treemap interface</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.populationlabs.com/World_Population.asp">PopulationLabs.com – World population map and graph</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.populationdata.net/">PopulationData.net – Information and maps about populations around the world</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geohive.com/">GeoHive.com – World statistics including population and future predictions</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.win.tue.nl/~speckman/Cartograms/WorldCarto.html">Win.tue.nl – World countries mapped by population size</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-statistics.org/">World-statistics.org – World statistics including population and projections</A></LI>
</UL>
<P><B>Population clocks</B></P>
<UL>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popclock/">U.S. and World Population Clock (US Census Bureau)</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peopleintheworld.org/">People in the world</A></LI>
</UL>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Global_human_population" style="padding:3px">
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<UL>
<LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Population" title="Template:Population"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";background:#e6e6e6;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Population" title="Template talk:Population"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";background:#e6e6e6;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</ABBR></A></LI>
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</UL>
</DIV>
<DIV id="Global_human_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Global human population</A></DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">Major topics</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Biocapacity" title="Biocapacity">Biocapacity</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Optimum_population" title="Optimum population">Optimum population</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">Overpopulation</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Malthusian_catastrophe" title="Malthusian catastrophe">Malthusian catastrophe</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">Population</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_ethics" title="Population ethics">Population ethics</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_momentum" title="Population momentum">Population momentum</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Women's reproductive rights</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zero_population_growth" title="Zero population growth">Zero population growth</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">Biological and<BR />
related topics</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_Matters#Pledge_two_or_fewer" title="Population Matters">Pledge two or fewer</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_population_planning" title="Human population planning">Human population planning</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/One-child_policy" title="One-child policy">One-child policy</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Two-child_policy" title="Two-child policy">Two-child policy</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_biology" title="Population biology">Population biology</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_decline" title="Population decline">Population decline</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Population density</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Physiological_density" title="Physiological density">Physiological density</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_dynamics" title="Population dynamics">Population dynamics</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">Population growth</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_model" title="Population model">Population model</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_pyramid" title="Population pyramid">Population pyramid</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Projections_of_population_growth" title="Projections of population growth">Projections of population growth</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;"><A href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact on<BR />
the environment</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Desalination" title="Desalination">Desalination</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">Desertification</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Environmental impact</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_agriculture" title="Environmental impact of agriculture">of agriculture</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_aviation" title="Environmental impact of aviation">of aviation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_biodiesel" title="Environmental impact of biodiesel">of biodiesel</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_concrete" title="Environmental impact of concrete">of concrete</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_electricity_generation" title="Environmental impact of electricity generation">of electricity generation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_energy_industry" title="Environmental impact of the energy industry">of the energy industry</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fishing" title="Environmental impact of fishing">of fishing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_irrigation" title="Environmental impact of irrigation">of irrigation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_mining" title="Environmental impact of mining">of mining</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Off-roading#Environmental_impact" title="Off-roading">of off-roading</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_oil_shale_industry" title="Environmental impact of the oil shale industry">of oil shale industry</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Social_and_environmental_impact_of_palm_oil" title="Social and environmental impact of palm oil">of palm oil</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper" title="Environmental impact of paper">of paper</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_petroleum_industry" title="Environmental impact of the petroleum industry">of the petroleum industry</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_reservoirs" title="Environmental impact of reservoirs">of reservoirs</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_shipping" title="Environmental impact of shipping">of shipping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_war" title="Environmental impact of war">of war</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Industrialisation" title="Industrialisation">Industrialisation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">Land degradation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">Land reclamation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Overconsumption" title="Overconsumption">Overconsumption</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">Pollution</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarrying</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">Urbanization</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Green_belt" title="Green belt">Loss of green belts</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">Urban sprawl</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Waste" title="Waste">Waste</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Overdrafting" title="Overdrafting">Overdrafting</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Population_ecology" title="Population ecology">Population<BR />
ecology</A></DIV>
</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Carrying_capacity#Humans" title="Carrying capacity">Carrying capacity</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Earth%27s_energy_budget" title="Earth's energy budget">Earth's energy budget</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">Food security</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">Habitat destruction</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/I_%3D_PAT" title="I = PAT">I = P × A  × T</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Malthusian_growth_model" title="Malthusian growth model">Malthusian growth model</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Overshoot_(population)" title="Overshoot (population)">Overshoot (population)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/World_energy_consumption" title="World energy consumption">World energy consumption</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/World_energy_resources" title="World energy resources">World energy resources</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/World3" title="World3">World3 model</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">Literature</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/A_Modest_Proposal" title="A Modest Proposal">A Modest Proposal</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Observations_Concerning_the_Increase_of_Mankind,_Peopling_of_Countries,_etc." title="Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.">Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population" title="An Essay on the Principle of Population">An Essay on the Principle of Population</A></I></LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/How_Much_Land_Does_a_Man_Need%3F" title="How Much Land Does a Man Need?">How Much Land Does a Man Need?</A>"</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Operating_Manual_for_Spaceship_Earth" title="Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth">Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Population_Control:_Real_Costs,_Illusory_Benefits" title="Population Control: Real Costs, Illusory Benefits">Population Control: Real Costs, Illusory Benefits</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Limits_to_Growth" title="The Limits to Growth">The Limits to Growth</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Population_Bomb" title="The Population Bomb">The Population Bomb</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Skeptical_Environmentalist" title="The Skeptical Environmentalist">The Skeptical Environmentalist</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/The_Ultimate_Resource" title="The Ultimate Resource">The Ultimate Resource</A></I></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">Publications</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;font-style:italic;">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_and_Environment" title="Population and Environment">Population and Environment</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_and_Development_Review" title="Population and Development Review">Population and Development Review</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">Lists</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_and_housing_censuses_by_country" title="Population and housing censuses by country">Population and housing censuses by country</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_by_population" title="List of metropolitan areas by population">Metropolitan areas by population</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/World_population_milestones" title="World population milestones">Population milestone babies</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
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</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Events and<BR />
organizations</DIV>
</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/7_Billion_Actions" title="7 Billion Actions">7 Billion Actions</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Population_and_Development" title="International Conference on Population and Development">International Conference on Population and Development</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_Action_International" title="Population Action International">Population Action International</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_Connection" title="Population Connection">Population Connection</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_Matters" title="Population Matters">Population Matters</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Population_Research_Institute" title="Population Research Institute">Population Research Institute</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">United Nations Population Fund</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Voluntary_Human_Extinction_Movement" title="Voluntary Human Extinction Movement">Voluntary Human Extinction Movement</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/World_Population_Day" title="World Population Day">World Population Day</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/World_Population_Foundation" title="World Population Foundation">World Population Foundation</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eee;">Related topics</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Classic_Maya_collapse" title="Classic Maya collapse">Classic Maya collapse</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fertility_and_intelligence" title="Fertility and intelligence">Fertility and intelligence</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">Migration</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#e6e6e6;">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><IMG alt="Commons page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <B><A href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_overpopulation" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Human overpopulation">Commons</A></B></LI>
<LI><IMG alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <A href="/wiki/Category:Human_overpopulation" title="Category:Human overpopulation">Human overpopulation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Human_activities_with_impact_on_the_environment" title="Category:Human activities with impact on the environment">Human activities with impact on the environment</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Human_migration" title="Category:Human migration">Human migration</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
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<DIV id="Articles_related_to_the_world&#039;s_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to the world's population</DIV>
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<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_impact_on_the_environment" style="padding:3px">
<TABLE class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit" id="collapsibleTable2">
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<UL>
<LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Template:Human impact on the environment"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Template talk:Human impact on the environment"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Human_impact_on_the_environment&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">e</ABBR></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<DIV id="Human_impact_on_the_environment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact on the environment</A></DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anthropocene" title="Anthropocene">Anthropocene</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_issue" title="Environmental issue">Environmental issues</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_issues" title="List of environmental issues">List of issues</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment" title="Environmental impact assessment">Impact assessment</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Planetary_boundaries" title="Planetary boundaries">Planetary boundaries</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px">
<DIV><A href="/wiki/File:Planetary_boundaries.svg" class="image" title="Planetary boundaries"><IMG alt="Planetary boundaries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Planetary_boundaries.svg/140px-Planetary_boundaries.svg.png" width="140" height="115" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Planetary_boundaries.svg/210px-Planetary_boundaries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Planetary_boundaries.svg/280px-Planetary_boundaries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="1163" /></A></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Causes</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_agriculture" title="Environmental impact of agriculture">Agriculture</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fishing" title="Environmental impact of fishing">fishing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_irrigation" title="Environmental impact of irrigation">irrigation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_meat_production" title="Environmental impact of meat production">meat production</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Social_and_environmental_impact_of_palm_oil" title="Social and environmental impact of palm oil">palm oil</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_energy_industry" title="Environmental impact of the energy industry">Energy industry</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Indirect_land_use_change_impacts_of_biofuels" title="Indirect land use change impacts of biofuels">biofuels</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_biodiesel" title="Environmental impact of biodiesel">biodiesel</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_coal_industry" title="Environmental impact of the coal industry">coal</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_electricity_generation" title="Environmental impact of electricity generation">electricity generation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_nuclear_power" title="Environmental impact of nuclear power">nuclear power</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_oil_shale_industry" title="Environmental impact of the oil shale industry">oil shale</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_petroleum_industry" title="Environmental impact of the petroleum industry">petroleum</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_reservoirs" title="Environmental impact of reservoirs">reservoirs</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_wind_power" title="Environmental impact of wind power">wind power</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Genetic_pollution" title="Genetic pollution">Genetic pollution</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">Industrialization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Land_use#Environment" title="Land use">Land use</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_cleaning_agents" title="Environmental impact of cleaning agents">cleaning agents</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_concrete" title="Environmental impact of concrete">concrete</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_plastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of plastics">plastics</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_nanotechnology" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of nanotechnology">nanotechnology</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paint" title="Environmental impact of paint">paint</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper" title="Environmental impact of paper">paper</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_pesticides" title="Environmental impact of pesticides">pesticides</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_pharmaceuticals_and_personal_care_products" title="Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products">pharmaceuticals and personal care</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_mining" title="Environmental impact of mining">Mining</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Overdrafting" title="Overdrafting">Overdrafting</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Overgrazing" title="Overgrazing">Overgrazing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">Overexploitation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">Overpopulation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Particulates" title="Particulates">Particulates</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">Pollution</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarrying</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_reservoirs" title="Environmental impact of reservoirs">Reservoirs</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of tourism">Tourism</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_transport" title="Environmental impact of transport">Transport</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_aviation" title="Environmental impact of aviation">aviation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of roads">roads</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_shipping" title="Environmental impact of shipping">shipping</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">Urbanization</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_war" title="Environmental impact of war">war</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Biodiversity_threats" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiversity threats">Biodiversity threats</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Climate change</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Global_warming" title="Global warming">Global warming</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Runaway_climate_change" title="Runaway climate change">Runaway climate change</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_with_coral_reefs" title="Environmental issues with coral reefs">Coral reefs</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Defaunation" title="Defaunation">Defaunation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">Desertification</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ecocide" title="Ecocide">Ecocide</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">Erosion</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">Environmental degradation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Freshwater_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater cycle">Freshwater cycle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">Habitat destruction</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_nitrogen_cycle" title="Human impact on the nitrogen cycle">Nitrogen cycle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">Land degradation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Land_surface_effects_on_climate" title="Land surface effects on climate">Land surface effects on climate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Green_belt" title="Green belt">Loss of green belts</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Phosphorus_cycle#Human_influences" title="Phosphorus cycle">Phosphorus cycle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification#Possible_impacts" title="Ocean acidification">Ocean acidification</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">Ozone depletion</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">Resource depletion</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Water_degradation" class="mw-redirect" title="Water degradation">Water degradation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mitigation</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cleaner_production" title="Cleaner production">Cleaner production</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">Climate change mitigation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Climate_engineering" title="Climate engineering">Climate engineering</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological engineering</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_mitigation" title="Environmental mitigation">Environmental mitigation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Industrial_ecology" title="Industrial ecology">Industrial ecology</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mitigation_banking" title="Mitigation banking">Mitigation banking</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">Organic farming</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Reforestation" title="Reforestation">Reforestation</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Urban_reforestation" title="Urban reforestation">urban</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Restoration_ecology" title="Restoration ecology">Restoration ecology</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sustainable_consumption" title="Sustainable consumption">Sustainable consumption</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Waste_minimisation" title="Waste minimisation">Waste minimization</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
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<TR style="display: none;">
<TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI> <IMG alt="Commons page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <B><A href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Environmental_impact" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Environmental impact">Commons</A></B></LI>
<LI> <IMG alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <A href="/wiki/Category:Environmental_impact_by_source" title="Category:Environmental impact by source">Category</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Environmental_impact_by_country" title="Category:Environmental impact by country">by country</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Environmental_impact_assessment" title="Category:Environmental impact assessment">assessment</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Environmental_mitigation" title="Category:Environmental mitigation">mitigation</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
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</TR>
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<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics" style="padding:3px">
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<DIV id="Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Lists_of_countries_and_territories" title="Lists of countries and territories">Lists of countries</A> by <A href="/wiki/Population_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Population statistics">population statistics</A></DIV>
</TH>
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<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Global</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">Current population</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_(United_Nations)" title="List of countries by population (United Nations)">Current population (United Nations)</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
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<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(Sub-)<A href="/wiki/List_of_continents_by_population" title="List of continents by population">Continents</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_population" title="List of African countries by population">Africa</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_population" title="List of Asian countries by population">Asia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_population" title="List of European countries by population">Europe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_countries_by_population" title="List of North American countries by population">North America</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_island_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Caribbean island countries by population">Caribbean</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population" title="List of Oceanian countries by population">Oceania</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_South_American_countries_by_population" title="List of South American countries by population">South America</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Americas_by_population" title="List of countries in the Americas by population">Americas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_countries_by_population" title="List of Arab countries by population">Arab world</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations_by_population" title="List of member states of the Commonwealth of Nations by population">Commonwealth of Nations</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Eurasian_countries_by_population" title="List of Eurasian countries by population">Eurasia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_population" title="List of European Union member states by population">European Union</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_population" title="List of islands by population">Islands</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_countries_by_population" title="List of Latin American countries by population">Latin America</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Middle_East_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Middle East countries by population">Middle East</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities/urban regions</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_national_capitals_by_population" title="List of national capitals by population">National capitals</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_proper_by_population" title="List of cities proper by population">Cities proper</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_by_population" title="List of metropolitan areas by population">Metropolitan areas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_by_population" title="List of urban areas by population">Urban areas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Megalopolis_(city_type)" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalopolis (city type)">Megalopolises</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past and future</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_population_(United_Nations)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by past population (United Nations)">Past population (United Nations)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_and_future_population" title="List of countries by past and future population">Past and future population</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_states_by_population_in_1_CE" title="List of states by population in 1 CE">1</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1000" title="List of countries by population in 1000">1000</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1500" title="List of countries by population in 1500">1500</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1600" title="List of countries by population in 1600">1600</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1700" title="List of countries by population in 1700">1700</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1800" title="List of countries by population in 1800">1800</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1900" title="List of countries by population in 1900">1900</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1907" title="List of countries by population in 1907">1907</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1939" title="List of countries by population in 1939">1939</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_1989" title="List of countries by population in 1989">1989</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2000" title="List of countries by population in 2000">2000</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2005" title="List of countries by population in 2005">2005</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2010" title="List of countries by population in 2010">2010</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_future_population_(United_Nations,_medium_fertility_variant)" title="List of countries by future population (United Nations, medium fertility variant)">Future population</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Population density</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories by population density">Current density</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_real_population_density_based_on_food_growing_capacity" title="List of countries by real population density based on food growing capacity">Current real density based on food growing capacity</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Growth indicators</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_growth_rate" title="List of countries by population growth rate">Population growth rate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_increase" title="List of countries by natural increase">Natural increase</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_birth_rate" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by birth rate">Birth rate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_mortality_rate" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by mortality rate">Mortality rate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by fertility rate">Fertility rate</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<BR />
<A href="/wiki/Demographics" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics">demographics</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_age_at_first_marriage" title="List of countries by age at first marriage">Age at first marriage</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Divorce_demography" title="Divorce demography">Divorce rate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_ranked_by_ethnic_and_cultural_diversity_level" title="List of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level">Ethnic and cultural diversity level</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_foreign-born_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by foreign-born population">Foreign-born population</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_immigrant_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by immigrant population">Immigrant population</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Linguistic_diversity_index" title="Linguistic diversity index">Linguistic diversity</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_age" title="List of countries by median age">Median age</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_net_migration_rate" title="List of countries by net migration rate">Net migration rate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_households" title="List of countries by number of households">Number of households</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_sex_ratio" title="List of countries by sex ratio">Sex ratio</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_urban_population" title="List of countries by urban population">Urban population</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Urbanization_by_country" title="Urbanization by country">Urbanization</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">Health</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Stockpiling_antiviral_medications_for_pandemic_influenza" title="Stockpiling antiviral medications for pandemic influenza">Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_HIV/AIDS_adult_prevalence_rate" title="List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate">HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_infant_and_under-five_mortality_rates" title="List of countries by infant and under-five mortality rates">Infant and under-five mortality rates</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">Life expectancy</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_suffering_from_undernourishment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by percentage of population suffering from undernourishment">Percentage suffering from undernourishment</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_health_expenditure_covered_by_government" title="List of countries by health expenditure covered by government">Health expenditure covered by government</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate" title="List of countries by suicide rate">Suicide rate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries by total health expenditure per capita">Total health expenditure per capita</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_body_mass_index" title="List of countries by body mass index">Body Mass Index (BMI)</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education<BR />
and innovation</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Innovation_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg Innovation Index">Bloomberg Innovation Index</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Education_Index" title="Education Index">Education Index</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/International_Innovation_Index" title="International Innovation Index">International Innovation Index</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Innovation_Union_Scoreboard" title="Innovation Union Scoreboard">Innovation Union Scoreboard</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_literacy_rate" title="List of countries by literacy rate">Literacy rate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Programme_for_the_International_Assessment_of_Adult_Competencies" title="Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies">Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Progress_in_International_Reading_Literacy_Study" title="Progress in International Reading Literacy Study">Progress in International Reading Literacy Study</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_student_skills" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by student skills">Student skills</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tertiary_education_attainment" title="List of countries by tertiary education attainment">Tertiary education attainment</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Trends_in_International_Mathematics_and_Science_Study" title="Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study">Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_women%27s_average_years_in_school" title="List of countries by women's average years in school">Women's average years in school</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Indicators" title="World Intellectual Property Indicators">World Intellectual Property Indicators</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Demographic_economics" title="Demographic economics">Economic</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_development_aid_country_donors" title="List of development aid country donors">Development aid given</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Official_Development_Assistance_received" title="List of countries by Official Development Assistance received">Official Development Assistance received</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_employment_rate" title="List of countries by employment rate">Employment rate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_irrigated_land_area" title="List of countries by irrigated land area">Irrigated land area</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">by country</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_inequality-adjusted_HDI" title="List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI">inequality-adjusted</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_Poverty_Index" title="Human Poverty Index">Human Poverty Index</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_imports" title="List of countries by imports">Imports</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality" title="List of countries by income equality">Income equality</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_job_security" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by job security">Job security</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_labour_force" title="List of countries by labour force">Labour force</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Millionaire" title="Millionaire">Number of millionaires (US dollars)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_US_dollar_billionaires" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by the number of US dollar billionaires">Number of billionaires (US dollars)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_living_in_poverty" title="List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty">Percentage living in poverty</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_public_sector" title="List of countries by public sector">Public sector</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Sen_social_welfare_function" title="List of countries by Sen social welfare function">Sen social welfare function</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of countries by unemployment rate">Unemployment rate</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">
<DIV>
<DIV class="hlist" style="text-align:center">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_international_rankings" title="List of international rankings">List of international rankings</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_top_international_rankings_by_country" title="List of top international rankings by country">List of top international rankings by country</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lists_by_country" title="Lists by country">Lists by country</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</DIV>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hierarchy_of_life" style="padding:3px">
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<DIV id="Hierarchy_of_life" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Biological_organisation" title="Biological organisation">Hierarchy of life</A></DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><SPAN class="wrap"><A href="/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere">Biosphere</A> > <A href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">Biome</A> > <A href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">Ecosystem</A> > <A href="/wiki/Biocoenosis" title="Biocoenosis">Biocoenosis</A> > <A href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">Population</A> > <A href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">Organism</A> > <A href="/wiki/Biological_system" title="Biological system">Organ system</A> > <A href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)" title="Organ (anatomy)">Organ</A> > <A href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">Tissue</A> > <A href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">Cell</A> > <A href="/wiki/Organelle" title="Organelle">Organelle</A> > <A href="/wiki/Biomolecular_complex" title="Biomolecular complex">Biomolecular complex</A> > <A href="/wiki/Macromolecule" title="Macromolecule">Macromolecule</A> > <A href="/wiki/Biomolecule" title="Biomolecule">Biomolecule</A></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
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<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Globalization" style="padding:3px">
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<DIV id="Globalization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</A></DIV>
</TH>
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<TR style="display: none;">
<TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_globalization-related_journals" title="List of globalization-related journals">Journals</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Outline_of_globalization" title="Outline of globalization">Outline</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Global_studies" title="Global studies">Studies</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Alter-globalization" title="Alter-globalization">Alter-globalization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Counter-hegemonic_globalization" title="Counter-hegemonic globalization">Counter-hegemonic globalization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cultural_globalization" title="Cultural globalization">Cultural globalization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Deglobalization" title="Deglobalization">Deglobalization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Democratic_globalization" title="Democratic globalization">Democratic globalization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Economic_globalization" title="Economic globalization">Economic globalization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Environmental_globalization" title="Environmental globalization">Environmental globalization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Global_financial_system" title="Global financial system">Financial globalization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Global_citizenship" title="Global citizenship">Global citizenship</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Global_citizenship_education" title="Global citizenship education">education</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Global_governance" title="Global governance">Global governance</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Global_health" title="Global health">Global health</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/History_of_globalization" title="History of globalization">History of</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Archaic_globalization" title="Archaic globalization">archaic</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Proto-globalization" title="Proto-globalization">early modern</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Military_globalization" title="Military globalization">Military globalization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Political_globalization" title="Political globalization">Political globalization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Trade_globalization" title="Trade globalization">Trade globalization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Global_workforce" title="Global workforce">Workforce globalization</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;;">Global</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Globalization_and_disease" title="Globalization and disease">Disease</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Global_digital_divide" class="mw-redirect" title="Global digital divide">Digital divide</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Global_labor_arbitrage" title="Global labor arbitrage">Labor arbitrage</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Population</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Global_warming" title="Global warming">Warming</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Water_security" title="Water security">Water crisis</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;;">Other</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_capital_flight" title="Human capital flight">Brain drain</A>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Climate change</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Endangered_language" title="Endangered language">Endangered languages</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">Forced migration</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Offshoring" title="Offshoring">Offshoring</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Modernization_theory" title="Modernization theory">Modernization</A>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<BR />
scholars</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Samir_Amin" title="Samir Amin">Samir Amin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Arjun_Appadurai" title="Arjun Appadurai">Arjun Appadurai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kwame_Anthony_Appiah" title="Kwame Anthony Appiah">K. Anthony Appiah</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Daniele_Archibugi" title="Daniele Archibugi">Daniele Archibugi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Giovanni_Arrighi" title="Giovanni Arrighi">Giovanni Arrighi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ravi_Batra" title="Ravi Batra">Ravi Batra</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Jean Baudrillard</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Zygmunt Bauman</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ulrich_Beck" title="Ulrich Beck">Ulrich Beck</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Walden_Bello" title="Walden Bello">Walden Bello</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jagdish_Bhagwati" title="Jagdish Bhagwati">Jagdish Bhagwati</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Robert_Brenner" title="Robert Brenner">Robert Brenner</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Manuel_Castells" title="Manuel Castells">Manuel Castells</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Alfred_W._Crosby" title="Alfred W. Crosby">Alfred Crosby</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Christopher_Chase-Dunn" title="Christopher Chase-Dunn">Christopher Chase-Dunn</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Andre_Gunder_Frank" title="Andre Gunder Frank">Andre G. Frank</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Thomas_Friedman" title="Thomas Friedman">Thomas Friedman</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anthony_Giddens" title="Anthony Giddens">Anthony Giddens</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peter_Gowan" title="Peter Gowan">Peter Gowan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Michael_Hardt" title="Michael Hardt">Michael Hardt</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/David_Harvey" title="David Harvey">David Harvey</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/David_Held" title="David Held">David Held</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Paul_Hirst" title="Paul Hirst">Paul Hirst</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Michael_Hudson_(economist)" title="Michael Hudson (economist)">Michael Hudson</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Paul_James_(academic)" title="Paul James (academic)">Paul James</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Naomi_Klein" title="Naomi Klein">Naomi Klein</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Antonio Negri</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/George_Ritzer" title="George Ritzer">George Ritzer</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dani_Rodrik" title="Dani Rodrik">Dani Rodrik</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs" title="Jeffrey Sachs">Jeffrey Sachs</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Saskia_Sassen" title="Saskia Sassen">Saskia Sassen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/John_Ralston_Saul" title="John Ralston Saul">John R. Saul</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Vandana_Shiva" title="Vandana Shiva">Vandana Shiva</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/John_Urry_(sociologist)" title="John Urry (sociologist)">John Urry</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Immanuel_Wallerstein" title="Immanuel Wallerstein">Immanuel Wallerstein</A></LI>
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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_%C9%99halisi" title="Dünya əhalisi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be" style="display: none;"><A href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Насельніцтва Зямлі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Население на света – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svjetsko_stanovni%C5%A1tvo" title="Svjetsko stanovništvo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblaci%C3%B3_mundial" title="Població mundial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88%C4%95" title="Тĕнчери халăх йышĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%9Btov%C3%A1_populace" title="Světová populace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da" style="display: none;"><A href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdens_befolkning" title="Verdens befolkning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltbev%C3%B6lkerung" title="Weltbevölkerung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et" style="display: none;"><A href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maailma_rahvaarv" title="Maailma rahvaarv – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el" style="display: none;"><A href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Παγκόσμιος πληθυσμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblaci%C3%B3n_mundial" title="Población mundial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monda_lo%C4%9Dantaro" title="Monda loĝantaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جمعیت جهان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><A href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_mondiale" title="Population mondiale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poboaci%C3%B3n_mundial" title="Poboación mundial – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC" title="세계 인구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanovni%C5%A1tvo_svijeta" title="Stanovništvo svijeta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><A href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi_penduduk_dunia" title="Populasi penduduk dunia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it" style="display: none;"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popolazione_mondiale" title="Popolazione mondiale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he" style="display: none;"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D" title="אוכלוסיית העולם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%96%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86" title="ವಿಶ್ವದ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მსოფლიოს მოსახლეობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D2%A3_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B" title="Дүние жүзінің халқы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelheya_C%C3%AEhan%C3%AA" title="Gelheya Cîhanê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iedz%C4%ABvot%C4%81ju_skaits" title="Iedzīvotāju skaits – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasaulio_gyventojai" title="Pasaulio gyventojai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Светско население – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isam-ponina" title="Isam-ponina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ലോകജനസംഖ്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="जागतिक लोकसंख्या – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Дэлхийн хүн ам – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my" style="display: none;"><A href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1" title="ကမ္ဘာ့လူဦးရေ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wereldbevolking" title="Wereldbevolking – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="世界人口 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no" style="display: none;"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdens_befolkning" title="Verdens befolkning – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludno%C5%9B%C4%87_%C5%9Bwiata" title="Ludność świata – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_mundial" title="População mundial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popula%C8%9Bia_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" title="Populația Pământului – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm" style="display: none;"><A href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populaziun_mundiala" title="Populaziun mundiala – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Население Земли – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warld_population" title="Warld population – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popullsia_n%C3%AB_Bot%C3%AB" title="Popullsia në Botë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si" style="display: none;"><A href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ලෝක ජනගහනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple" style="display: none;"><A href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population" title="World population – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wjelo%C5%9B%C4%87_lud%C5%BAi" title="Wjelość ludźi – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so" style="display: none;"><A href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulshada_aduunka" title="Bulshada aduunka – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دانیشتووانی جیھان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Светска популација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svjetsko_stanovni%C5%A1tvo" title="Svjetsko stanovništvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maailman_v%C3%A4kiluku" title="Maailman väkiluku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4rldens_befolkning" title="Världens befolkning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="உலக மக்கள் தொகை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th" style="display: none;"><A href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81" title="ประชากรโลก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷамъияти ҷаҳон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_n%C3%BCfusu" title="Dünya nüfusu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Населення Землі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><A href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="عالمی آبادی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2n_s%E1%BB%91_th%E1%BA%BF_gi%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Dân số thế giới – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue" style="display: none;"><A href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="世界人口 – Cantonese" lang="zh-yue" hreflang="zh-yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="世界人口 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI>				<BUTTON class="mw-interlanguage-selector mw-ui-button" title="All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)">55 more</BUTTON></UL>
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document_title: World population

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question_text: it took 130 years for the human population to double from 1 billion to 2 billion