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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Beijing</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
				<DIV id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</DIV>				<DIV id="contentSub"></DIV>
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				<DIV id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><DIV class="mw-parser-output"><DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Peking" redirects here. For other uses, see <A href="/wiki/Beijing_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Beijing (disambiguation)">Beijing (disambiguation)</A> and <A href="/wiki/Peking_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Peking (disambiguation)">Peking (disambiguation)</A>.</DIV>
<TABLE class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:23em">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><SPAN class="fn org"><SPAN style="position:relative; bottom:0.2em;">Beijing</SPAN></SPAN><BR />
<SPAN class="nickname" lang="zh-hans"><SPAN style="position: relative; top: 0.1em;"><SPAN style="font-weight:normal;">北京市</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><SPAN class="category"><A href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipality_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-controlled municipality of the People's Republic of China">Municipality</A></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-weight:bold;">Beijing Municipality</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><A href="/wiki/File:Beijing_montage_1.png" class="image" title="Clockwise from top: Beijing CBD skyline, Tiananmen, Temple of Heaven, National Center for the Performing Arts, and Beijing National Stadium"><IMG alt="Clockwise from top: Beijing CBD skyline, Tiananmen, Temple of Heaven, National Center for the Performing Arts, and Beijing National Stadium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Beijing_montage_1.png/250px-Beijing_montage_1.png" width="250" height="401" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Beijing_montage_1.png/375px-Beijing_montage_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Beijing_montage_1.png/500px-Beijing_montage_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="2054" /></A>
<DIV>Clockwise from top: <A href="/wiki/Beijing_central_business_district" title="Beijing central business district">Beijing CBD skyline</A>, <A href="/wiki/Tiananmen" title="Tiananmen">Tiananmen</A>, <A href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</A>, <A href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_the_Performing_Arts_(China)" title="National Centre for the Performing Arts (China)">National Center for the Performing Arts</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium" title="Beijing National Stadium">Beijing National Stadium</A></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><A href="/wiki/File:Beijing_in_China_(%2Ball_claims_hatched).svg" class="image" title="Location of Beijing Municipality within China"><IMG alt="Location of Beijing Municipality within China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Beijing_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/250px-Beijing_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png" width="250" height="199" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Beijing_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/375px-Beijing_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Beijing_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/500px-Beijing_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="940" /></A><BR />
<SMALL>Location of Beijing Municipality within China</SMALL></TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedbottomrow">
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Coordinates: <SPAN class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><A class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Beijing&params=39_55_N_116_23_E_region:CN-11_type:city(21707000)"><SPAN class="geo-default"><SPAN class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><SPAN class="latitude">39°55′N</SPAN> <SPAN class="longitude">116°23′E</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="geo-multi-punct"> / </SPAN><SPAN class="geo-nondefault"><SPAN class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.917°N 116.383°E</SPAN><SPAN style="display:none"> / <SPAN class="geo">39.917; 116.383</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="font-size: small;"><SPAN id="coordinates"><A href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</A>: <SPAN class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><A class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Beijing&params=39_55_N_116_23_E_region:CN-11_type:city(21707000)"><SPAN class="geo-default"><SPAN class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><SPAN class="latitude">39°55′N</SPAN> <SPAN class="longitude">116°23′E</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="geo-multi-punct"> / </SPAN><SPAN class="geo-nondefault"><SPAN class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.917°N 116.383°E</SPAN><SPAN style="display:none"> / <SPAN class="geo">39.917; 116.383</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </SPAN><A href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TH scope="row">Established date</TH>
<TD>1045 BCE (<A href="/wiki/Zhou_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou Dynasty">Zhou Dynasty</A>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TH scope="row">Divisions<SUP id="cite_ref-hist_1-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-hist-1">[1]</A></SUP><BR />
 - <A href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">County-level</A><BR />
 - <A href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">Township-level</A></TH>
<TD><BR />
<A href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Beijing" title="List of administrative divisions of Beijing">16 districts</A><BR />
289 towns and villages</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Government</TH>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • Type</TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipality_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-controlled municipality of the People's Republic of China">Municipality</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/Party_chief_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Party chief of the Communist Party of China">Party Secretary</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • Mayor</TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Chen_Jining" title="Chen Jining">Chen Jining</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • Congress Chairman</TH>
<TD><A href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Wei_(civil_servant)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Wei (civil servant) (page does not exist)">Li Wei</A><SPAN class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> (<A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E4%BC%9F_(%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%B8%E5%A7%94%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%BB%BB)" class="extiw" title="zh:李伟 (北京市人大常委会主任)">zh</A>)</SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • Conference Chairman</TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Ji_Lin" title="Ji Lin">Ji Lin</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Area<SPAN style="font-weight:normal"><SUP id="cite_ref-mofcom_2-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-mofcom-2">[2]</A></SUP></SPAN></TH>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • Municipality</TH>
<TD>16,411 km<SUP>2</SUP> (6,336 sq mi)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • Land</TH>
<TD>16,801 km<SUP>2</SUP> (6,487 sq mi)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • Urban</TH>
<TD>1,368 km<SUP>2</SUP> (528 sq mi)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • Rural</TH>
<TD>15,042 km<SUP>2</SUP> (5,808 sq mi)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TH scope="row">Elevation</TH>
<TD>43.5 m (142.7 ft)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Population <SPAN style="font-weight:normal">(2017)<SUP id="cite_ref-bulletin2017_3-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-bulletin2017-3">[3]</A></SUP></SPAN></TH>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • Municipality</TH>
<TD>21,707,000</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • Density</TH>
<TD>1,300/km<SUP>2</SUP> (3,400/sq mi)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</A></TH>
<TD>18,766,000</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</A><SPAN style="font-weight:normal"> (2017)<SUP id="cite_ref-oecd2015_4-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-oecd2015-4">[4]</A></SUP></SPAN></TH>
<TD>24,000,000</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • Ranks in China</TH>
<TD>Population: <A href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Republic_of_China_administrative_divisions_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Republic of China administrative divisions by population">27th</A>;<BR />
Density: <A href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Republic_of_China_administrative_divisions_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Republic of China administrative divisions by population density">4th</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Major <A href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ethnic groups in China">ethnic groups</A></TH>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</A></TH>
<TD>95%</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</A></TH>
<TD>2%</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</A></TH>
<TD>2%</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • <A href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Mongol</A></TH>
<TD>0.3%</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> • Other</TH>
<TD>0.7%</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">CST</A> (<A href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</A>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Postal_code_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal code of China">Postal code</A></TH>
<TD class="adr"><SPAN class="postal-code"><B>1000</B>00–<B>1026</B>29</SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_China" title="Telephone numbers in China">10</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TH scope="row">GDP(nominal)<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP></TH>
<TD>2017</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> - Total</TH>
<TD>¥2.8 trillion<BR />
($414.8 billion)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> - Per capita</TH>
<TD>¥129,032($19,116) (<A href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">2nd</A>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> - Growth</TH>
<TD><IMG alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" title="Increase" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 6.7%</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</A> (2014)</TH>
<TD>0.869<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_report_7-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_report-7">[7]</A></SUP> (<A href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI">1st</A>)—<SPAN style="color:#090;">very high</SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"><A href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_China" title="Vehicle registration plates of China">License plate prefixes</A></TH>
<TD>京A, C, E, F, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, Y<BR />
京B (taxis)<BR />
京G (outside urban area)<BR />
京O, D (police and authorities)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row">Abbreviation</TH>
<TD>BJ / 京 (jīng)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TH scope="row"><B>City trees</B></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Chinese_arborvitae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese arborvitae">Chinese arborvitae</A> (<I>Platycladus orientalis</I>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> </TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Styphnolobium" title="Styphnolobium">Pagoda tree</A> (<I>Sophora japonica</I>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"><B>City flowers</B></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Rosa_chinensis" title="Rosa chinensis">China rose</A> (<I>Rosa chinensis</I>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedrow">
<TH scope="row"> </TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum" title="Chrysanthemum">Chrysanthemum</A> (<I>Chrysanthemum morifolium</I>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR class="mergedtoprow">
<TH scope="row">Website</TH>
<TD><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/">Beijing Official Website International - eBeijing.gov.cn</A> <SPAN class="languageicon">(in English)</SPAN> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beijing.gov.cn/">首都之窗-北京市政务门户网站</A> <SPAN class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</SPAN></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE class="infobox" style="width:22em">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;">Beijing</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><A href="/wiki/File:Beijing_name.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Beijing name.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Beijing_name.svg/110px-Beijing_name.svg.png" width="110" height="61" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Beijing_name.svg/165px-Beijing_name.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Beijing_name.svg/220px-Beijing_name.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="444" /></A>
<DIV>"Běijīng" in <A href="/wiki/Kaishu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaishu">regular</A> Chinese characters</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN style="font-size: 1rem"><SPAN lang="zh-Hani" title="Chinese language text"><A href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:北京">北京</A></SPAN></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN class="unicode haudio"><SPAN class="fn"><SPAN style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/File:Beijing_pronunciation.ogg" title="About this sound"><IMG alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></A> </SPAN><A href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Beijing_pronunciation.ogg" class="internal" title="Beijing pronunciation.ogg">Běijīng</A></SPAN></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display:none">
<TD colspan="2"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</A></TH>
<TD>Peking<SUP id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-8">[8]</A></SUP><BR />
<A href="/wiki/Peiping" class="mw-redirect" title="Peiping">Peiping</A> <SMALL>(1368–1403; 1928–1937; 1945–1949)</SMALL></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</TH>
<TD>"Northern Capital"</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
<TABLE class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent" id="collapsibleTable0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc;"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton0" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>Transcriptions</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><A href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</A></TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN class="unicode haudio"><SPAN class="fn"><SPAN style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/File:Beijing_pronunciation.ogg" title="About this sound"><IMG alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></A> </SPAN><A href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Beijing_pronunciation.ogg" class="internal" title="Beijing pronunciation.ogg">Běijīng</A></SPAN></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</A></TH>
<TD>ㄅㄟˇ   ㄐㄧㄥ</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</A></TH>
<TD>Beeijing</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</A></TH>
<TD>Pei<SUP>3</SUP>-ching<SUP>1</SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN class="IPA" style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[pèi.tɕíŋ]</A></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><A href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</A></TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Suzhounese" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhounese">Suzhounese</A></TH>
<TD>Poh-cin</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><A href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</A></TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</A></TH>
<TD>Bet<SUP>5</SUP>-gin<SUP>1</SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><A href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</A></TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</A></TH>
<TD>Bākgìng <I>or</I> Bākgīng</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN class="IPA" style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[pɐ́k̚.kêŋ]</A></SPAN> <I>or</I> <SPAN class="IPA" style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[pɐ́k̚.kéŋ]</A></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</A></TH>
<TD>Bak1ging1</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><A href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</A></TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</A> <A href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</A></TH>
<TD>Pak-kiaⁿ</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</A></TH>
<TD>Pak-kiann</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9;"><A href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</A></TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</A> <A href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" title="Foochow Romanized">BUC</A></TH>
<TD>Báe̤k-gĭng</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display:none">
<TD colspan="2"></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><B>Beijing</B> (<SPAN class="nowrap"><SPAN class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><A href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<SPAN style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><SPAN title="'b' in 'buy'">b</SPAN><SPAN title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</SPAN><SPAN title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</SPAN><SPAN title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</SPAN><SPAN title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</SPAN><SPAN title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</SPAN></SPAN>/</A></SPAN></SPAN>;<SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">Mandarin:</SPAN> <SPAN class="IPA" style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[pèi.tɕíŋ]</A></SPAN><SMALL class="nowrap"> (<SPAN class="unicode haudio"><SPAN class="fn"><SPAN style="white-space:nowrap"><A href="/wiki/File:Beijing_pronunciation.ogg" title="About this sound"><IMG alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></A> </SPAN><A href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Beijing_pronunciation.ogg" class="internal" title="Beijing pronunciation.ogg">listen</A></SPAN></SPAN>)</SMALL>), <A href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">formerly</A> <A href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">romanized</A> as <B>Peking</B>,<SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP> is the capital of the <A href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</A>, the world's <A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_proper_by_population" title="List of cities proper by population">second most populous city proper</A>, and most populous capital city. The city, located in <A href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">northern China</A>, is governed as a <A href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipality_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-controlled municipality of the People's Republic of China">direct-controlled municipality</A> under the <A href="/wiki/Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the People's Republic of China">national government</A> with <A href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Beijing" title="List of administrative divisions of Beijing">16 urban, suburban, and rural districts</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-figures_11-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-figures-11">[11]</A></SUP> Beijing Municipality is surrounded by <A href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</A> Province with the exception of neighboring <A href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</A> Municipality to the southeast; together the three divisions form the <A href="/wiki/Jingjinji" title="Jingjinji">Jingjinji</A> <A href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_of_China" title="Metropolitan regions of China">metropolitan region</A> and the <A href="/wiki/National_capital_region" class="mw-redirect" title="National capital region">national capital region</A> of China.<SUP id="cite_ref-basic_12-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-basic-12">[12]</A></SUP></P>
<P>As a city combining both modern and traditional <A href="#Architecture">architecture</A>, Beijing is a <A href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">megacity</A> rich in <A href="/wiki/History_of_Beijing" title="History of Beijing">history</A>, exemplified in its global influence in <A href="/wiki/Politics_of_Beijing" title="Politics of Beijing">politics</A>, <A href="/wiki/Economy_of_Beijing" title="Economy of Beijing">economy</A>, <A href="/wiki/Education_in_Beijing" title="Education in Beijing">education</A>, <A href="/wiki/History_of_Beijing" title="History of Beijing">history</A>, <A href="#Culture">culture</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Science and technology in the People's Republic of China">technology</A>. Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by <A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_by_urban_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China by urban population">urban population</A> after <A href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</A> and is the nation's <A href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the People's Republic of China">political</A>, <A href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">cultural</A>, and <A href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Beijing" title="List of universities and colleges in Beijing">educational</A> center.<SUP id="cite_ref-columbia_encyclopaedia_13-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-columbia_encyclopaedia-13">[13]</A></SUP> It is home to the headquarters of most of <A href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_companies_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the largest companies of China">China's largest state-owned companies</A> and is a <A href="/wiki/Transport_in_Beijing" title="Transport in Beijing">major hub</A> for the <A href="/wiki/China_National_Highways_of_Beijing" title="China National Highways of Beijing">national highway</A>, <A href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Beijing" title="Expressways of Beijing">expressway</A>, <A href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Current_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the People's Republic of China">railway</A>, and <A href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China" title="High-speed rail in China">high-speed rail</A> networks. The <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport" title="Beijing Capital International Airport">Beijing Capital International Airport</A> has been the <A href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest airports by passenger traffic">second busiest in the world by passenger traffic</A> since 2010,<SUP id="cite_ref-ACI_aero_14-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ACI_aero-14">[14]</A></SUP> and, as of 2016<SUP class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beijing&action=edit">[update]</A></SUP>, the city's <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Subway" title="Beijing Subway">subway network</A> is the <A href="/wiki/List_of_metro_systems" title="List of metro systems">busiest</A> and <A href="/wiki/List_of_metro_systems" title="List of metro systems">second longest in the world</A>, after <A href="/wiki/Shanghai_Metro" title="Shanghai Metro">Shanghai's subway system</A>.</P>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/History_of_Beijing" title="History of Beijing">city's history</A> dates back three <A href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">millennia</A>. As the last of the <A href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Four Great Ancient Capitals of China</A>, Beijing has been the political center of the country for much of the past eight centuries.<SUP id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-15">[15]</A></SUP> With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides, in addition to the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_city_fortifications" title="Beijing city fortifications">old inner and outer city walls</A>, Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the <A href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">emperor</A> and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital. Beijing was the <A href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_throughout_history" title="List of largest cities throughout history">largest city in the world by population</A> for much of the <A href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">second millennium A.D.</A><SUP id="cite_ref-Top_Ten_Cities_By_Population_Throughout_History_16-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Top_Ten_Cities_By_Population_Throughout_History-16">[16]</A></SUP> The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, <A href="/wiki/Beijing_city_fortifications" title="Beijing city fortifications">walls and gates</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-world_book_17-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-world_book-17">[17]</A></SUP> Its art treasures and universities have made it center of culture and art in China.<SUP id="cite_ref-world_book_17-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-world_book-17">[17]</A></SUP> <I><A href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</A></I> notes that "few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural centre of an area as immense as China."<SUP id="cite_ref-britannica_18-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-britannica-18">[18]</A></SUP> Beijing has <A href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_China" title="List of World Heritage Sites in China">seven</A> <A href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</A> <A href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</A> – the <A href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</A>, <A href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</A>, <A href="/wiki/Summer_Palace" title="Summer Palace">Summer Palace</A>, <A href="/wiki/Ming_Tombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Tombs">Ming Tombs</A>, <A href="/wiki/Zhoukoudian" title="Zhoukoudian">Zhoukoudian</A>, as well as parts of the <A href="/wiki/Great_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Wall">Great Wall</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</A>, all popular locations for tourism.<SUP id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-19">[19]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Siheyuan" title="Siheyuan">Siheyuans</A>, the city's traditional housing style, and <A href="/wiki/Hutong" title="Hutong">hutongs</A>, the narrow alleys between siheyuans, are major tourist attractions and are common in urban Beijing. The city hosted the <A href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</A> and was chosen to host the <A href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Winter Olympics</A>, making it the first city to ever host both Winter and Summer Olympics.<SUP id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-20">[20]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Many of <A href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Beijing" title="List of universities and colleges in Beijing">Beijing's 91 universities</A><SUP id="cite_ref-Beijing's_Universities_21-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Beijing's_Universities-21">[21]</A></SUP> consistently rank among the best in China, of which <A href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</A> and <A href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua University</A> are ranked in the top 60 universities of the world.<SUP id="cite_ref-University_Rankings_22-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-University_Rankings-22">[22]</A></SUP> In 2015, 52 companies of the <A href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</A> company headquarters were located in Beijing, more than any other city in the world,<SUP id="cite_ref-Beijing_International_23-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Beijing_International-23">[23]</A></SUP> including state-owned enterprises <A href="/wiki/State_Grid" class="mw-redirect" title="State Grid">State Grid</A>, <A href="/wiki/China_National_Petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="China National Petroleum">China National Petroleum</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Sinopec_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinopec Group">Sinopec Group</A>, ranked 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, respectively.<SUP id="cite_ref-Fortune_24-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Fortune-24">[24]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Beijing_CBD" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing CBD">Beijing CBD</A> is quickly becoming the center for <A href="/wiki/Economy_of_Beijing" title="Economy of Beijing">Beijing's economic expansion</A>, rapid modernization, and radically changing skyline, with the ongoing or recently completed construction of multiple <A href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Beijing" title="List of tallest buildings in Beijing">skyscrapers</A>. Beijing's <A href="/wiki/Zhongguancun" title="Zhongguancun">Zhongguancun</A> area is also known as China's <A href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</A> and China's center of innovation and technology entrepreneurship.<SUP id="cite_ref-China's_Silicon_Valley_25-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-China's_Silicon_Valley-25">[25]</A></SUP> According to the 2016 InterNations Expat Insider Survey, Beijing ranked first in Asia in the subcategory "Personal Finance Index," a measure of <A href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expats'</A> salaries versus <A href="/wiki/Cost_of_living" title="Cost of living">cost of living</A> in the city.<SUP id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-26">[26]</A></SUP> Expats live primarily in urban districts such as <A href="/wiki/Dongcheng_District,_Beijing" title="Dongcheng District, Beijing">Dongcheng</A> and <A href="/wiki/Chaoyang_District,_Beijing" title="Chaoyang District, Beijing">Chaoyang</A> in the east, or in suburban districts such as <A href="/wiki/Shunyi_District" title="Shunyi District">Shunyi</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Expat_Arrivals_27-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Expat_Arrivals-27">[27]</A></SUP></P>
<DIV class="toclimit-3">
<DIV id="toc" class="toc">
<DIV class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Etymology"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Etymology</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#History"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">History</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><A href="#Early_history"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Early history</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><A href="#Early_Imperial_China"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Early Imperial China</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><A href="#Ming_dynasty"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Ming dynasty</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><A href="#Qing_dynasty"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Qing dynasty</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><A href="#Republic_of_China"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Republic of China</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><A href="#People's_Republic_of_China"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">People's Republic of China</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><A href="#Geography"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Geography</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><A href="#Cityscape"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Cityscape</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><A href="#Architecture"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Architecture</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><A href="#Climate"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Climate</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><A href="#Environmental_problems"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Environmental problems</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><A href="#Air_quality"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.4.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Air quality</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-4 tocsection-15"><A href="#Readings"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.4.1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Readings</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><A href="#Dust_storms"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3.4.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Dust storms</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><A href="#Politics_and_government"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Politics and government</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><A href="#Administrative_divisions"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Administrative divisions</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><A href="#Towns"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4.1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Towns</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><A href="#Neighborhoods"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4.1.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Neighborhoods</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><A href="#Judiciary_and_procuracy"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Judiciary and procuracy</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><A href="#Diplomatic_missions"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Diplomatic missions</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><A href="#Economy"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Economy</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><A href="#Sector_composition"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Sector composition</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><A href="#Economic_zones"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Economic zones</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><A href="#Demographics"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Demographics</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><A href="#Metropolitan_area"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Metropolitan area</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><A href="#Culture"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Culture</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><A href="#Places_of_interest"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Places of interest</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><A href="#Religion"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Religion</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><A href="#Chinese_folk_religion_and_Taoism"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Chinese folk religion and Taoism</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><A href="#Buddhism"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Buddhism</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><A href="#Islam"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Islam</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><A href="#Christianity"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Christianity</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><A href="#Media"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Media</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><A href="#Television_and_radio"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Television and radio</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><A href="#Press"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Press</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><A href="#Sports"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Sports</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><A href="#Events"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Events</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><A href="#Venues"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Venues</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><A href="#Clubs"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Clubs</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><A href="#Transportation"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Transportation</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><A href="#Rail_and_high-speed_rail"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Rail and high-speed rail</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><A href="#Roads_and_expressways"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Roads and expressways</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><A href="#Air"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Air</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><A href="#Public_transit"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Public transit</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><A href="#Taxi"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11.5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Taxi</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><A href="#Bicycles"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11.6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Bicycles</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-49"><A href="#Defense_and_aerospace"><SPAN class="tocnumber">12</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Defense and aerospace</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><A href="#Nature_and_wildlife"><SPAN class="tocnumber">13</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Nature and wildlife</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">14</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">15</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53"><A href="#Further_reading"><SPAN class="tocnumber">16</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Further reading</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-54"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">17</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <A href="/wiki/Names_of_Beijing" title="Names of Beijing">Names of Beijing</A></DIV>
<P>Over the past 3,000 years, the city of Beijing has had <A href="/wiki/Names_of_Beijing" title="Names of Beijing">numerous other names</A>. The name <B>Beijing</B>, which means "Northern Capital" (from the <A href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</A> <SPAN lang="zh" title="Chinese language text">北</SPAN> for <I>north</I> and <SPAN lang="zh" title="Chinese language text">京</SPAN> for <I>capital</I>), was applied to the city in 1403 during the <A href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</A> to distinguish the city from <A href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</A> (the "Southern Capital").<SUP id="cite_ref-minggov_28-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-minggov-28">[28]</A></SUP> The English spelling is based on the <A href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</A> <A href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">romanization</A> of the two characters as they are pronounced in <A href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Standard Mandarin</A>. An older English spelling, <B>Peking</B>, is the <A href="/wiki/Postal_romanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal romanization">postal romanization</A> of the same two characters as they are pronounced in <A href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese dialects">Chinese dialects</A> spoken in the southern port towns first visited by European traders and missionaries.<SUP id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-29">[29]</A></SUP> Those dialects preserve the <A href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</A> pronunciation of <SPAN lang="zh" title="Chinese language text">京</SPAN> as <I>kjaeng</I>,<SUP id="cite_ref-BaxSag_30-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BaxSag-30">[30]</A></SUP> prior to a phonetic shift in the northern dialects to the modern pronunciation.<SUP id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-31">[31]</A></SUP> Although Peking is no longer the common name for the city, some of the city's older locations and facilities, such as <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport" title="Beijing Capital International Airport">Beijing Capital International Airport</A>, with <A href="/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association_code" title="International Air Transport Association code">IATA Code</A> PEK, and <A href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</A>, still use the former romanization.</P>
<P>The single Chinese character abbreviation for Beijing is <A href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:京">京</A>, which appears on automobile license plates in the city. The official <A href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</A> <A href="/wiki/Standardization_Administration_of_China" title="Standardization Administration of China">abbreviation</A> for Beijing is "BJ".<SUP id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-32">[32]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="History">History</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/History_of_Beijing" title="History of Beijing">History of Beijing</A></DIV>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Early_history">Early history</SPAN></H3>
<P>The earliest traces of human habitation in the Beijing municipality were found in the caves of <A href="/wiki/Dragon_Bone_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon Bone Hill">Dragon Bone Hill</A> near the village of <A href="/wiki/Zhoukoudian" title="Zhoukoudian">Zhoukoudian</A> in <A href="/wiki/Fangshan_District" title="Fangshan District">Fangshan District</A>, where <A href="/wiki/Peking_Man" title="Peking Man">Peking Man</A> lived. <I><A href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</A></I> fossils from the caves date to 230,000 to 250,000 years ago. <A href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</A> <I><A href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</A></I> also lived there more recently, about 27,000 years ago.<SUP id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-33">[33]</A></SUP> Archaeologists have found <A href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">neolithic</A> settlements throughout the municipality, including in <A href="/wiki/Wangfujing" title="Wangfujing">Wangfujing</A>, located in downtown Beijing.</P>
<P>The first <A href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_urban_planning" title="Ancient Chinese urban planning">walled city</A> in Beijing was <B><A href="/wiki/Jicheng_(Beijing)" title="Jicheng (Beijing)">Jicheng</A></B>, the capital city of the <A href="/wiki/State_of_Ji" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Ji">state of Ji</A> and was built in 1045 BC. Within modern Beijing, Jicheng was located around the present <A href="/wiki/Guang%27anmen" title="Guang'anmen">Guang'anmen</A> area in the south of <A href="/wiki/Xicheng_District" title="Xicheng District">Xicheng District</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_34-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-34">[34]</A></SUP> This settlement was later conquered by the <A href="/wiki/State_of_Yan" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Yan">state of Yan</A> and made its capital.<SUP id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-35">[35]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Early_Imperial_China">Early Imperial China</SPAN></H3>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Tianning_Temple_Pagoda.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tianning_Temple_Pagoda.jpg/170px-Tianning_Temple_Pagoda.jpg" width="170" height="227" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tianning_Temple_Pagoda.jpg/255px-Tianning_Temple_Pagoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tianning_Temple_Pagoda.jpg/340px-Tianning_Temple_Pagoda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="4896" /></A>
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The <A href="/wiki/Pagoda_of_Tianning_Temple_(Beijing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagoda of Tianning Temple (Beijing)">Tianning Pagoda</A>, built around 1120 during the <A href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</A>.</DIV>
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<P>After the <A href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">First Emperor</A> <A href="/wiki/Qin%27s_wars_of_unification" title="Qin's wars of unification">unified China</A>, Jicheng became a <A href="/wiki/Zhou_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou (region)">prefectural capital</A> for the region.<SUP id="cite_ref-hist_1-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-hist-1">[1]</A></SUP> During the <A href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Kingdoms period">Three Kingdoms period</A>, it was held by <A href="/wiki/Gongsun_Zan" title="Gongsun Zan">Gongsun Zan</A> and <A href="/wiki/Yuan_Shao" title="Yuan Shao">Yuan Shao</A> before falling to <A href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</A>'s <A href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei Kingdom</A>. The AD 3rd-century <A href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (265–420)">Western Jin</A> demoted the town, placing the prefectural seat in neighboring Zhuozhou.</P>
<P>During the <A href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</A> period when northern China was conquered and divided by the <A href="/wiki/Five_Barbarians" title="Five Barbarians">Wu Hu</A>, Jicheng was briefly the capital of the <A href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</A> <A href="/wiki/Former_Yan" title="Former Yan">Former Yan</A> Kingdom.<SUP id="cite_ref-Rene_36-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Rene-36">[36]</A></SUP></P>
<P>After China was reunified during the <A href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</A>, Jicheng, also known as <B>Zhuojun</B>, became the northern terminus of the <A href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</A>. Under the <A href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</A>, Jicheng as <B><A href="/wiki/Youzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Youzhou">Youzhou</A></B>, served as a military frontier command center. During the <A href="/wiki/An-Shi_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="An-Shi Rebellion">An-Shi Rebellion</A> and again amidst the turmoil of the late Tang, local military commanders founded their own short-lived Yan dynasties and called the city <B><A href="/wiki/Yanjing" title="Yanjing">Yanjing</A></B>, or the "Yan Capital." Also in the Tang dynasty, the city's name Jicheng was replaced by Youzhou or Yanjing. In 938, after the fall of the Tang, the <A href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</A> ceded <A href="/wiki/Sixteen_Prefectures" title="Sixteen Prefectures">the entire northern frontier</A> to the <A href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</A> <A href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</A>, which treated the city as <A href="/wiki/Liao_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Liao Nanjing">Nanjing</A>, or the "Southern Capital", one of four secondary capitals to complement its "Supreme Capital", Shangjing (modern <A href="/wiki/Baarin_Left_Banner" class="mw-redirect" title="Baarin Left Banner">Baarin Left Banner</A> in <A href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</A>). Some of the <A href="/wiki/List_of_pagodas_in_Beijing" title="List of pagodas in Beijing">oldest surviving structures in Beijing</A> date to the Liao period, including the <A href="/wiki/Pagoda_of_Tianning_Temple_(Beijing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagoda of Tianning Temple (Beijing)">Tianning Pagoda</A>.</P>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Miaoying_Temple_main_palace.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Miaoying_Temple_main_palace.jpg/220px-Miaoying_Temple_main_palace.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Miaoying_Temple_main_palace.jpg/330px-Miaoying_Temple_main_palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Miaoying_Temple_main_palace.jpg/440px-Miaoying_Temple_main_palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></A>
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<A href="/wiki/Miaoying_Temple" title="Miaoying Temple">Miaoying Temple</A> and its White Stupa in Dadu which was built by <A href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</A></DIV>
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<P>The Liao fell to the <A href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jurchen Jin dynasty</A> in 1122, which gave the city to the <A href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</A> and then retook it in 1125 during its <A href="/wiki/Jin_campaigns_against_the_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin campaigns against the Song dynasty">conquest of northern China</A>. In 1153, the Jurchen Jin made Beijing their "Central Capital", or <B>Zhongdu</B>.<SUP id="cite_ref-hist_1-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-hist-1">[1]</A></SUP> The city was besieged by <A href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</A>'s invading <A href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongolian army</A> in 1213 and <A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zhongdu" title="Battle of Zhongdu">razed to the ground</A> two years later.<SUP id="cite_ref-economist_37-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-economist-37">[37]</A></SUP> Two generations later, <A href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</A> ordered the construction of <B><A href="/wiki/Khanbaliq" title="Khanbaliq">Dadu</A></B> (or Daidu to the Mongols, commonly known as Khanbaliq), a new capital for his <A href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</A> to the northeast of the Zhongdu ruins. The construction took from 1264 to 1293,<SUP id="cite_ref-hist_1-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-hist-1">[1]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-economist_37-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-economist-37">[37]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-38">[38]</A></SUP> but greatly enhanced the status of a city on the northern fringe of <A href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</A>. The city was centered on the <A href="/wiki/Drum_Tower_and_Bell_Tower_of_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Drum Tower and Bell Tower of Beijing">Drum Tower</A> slightly to the north of modern Beijing and stretched from the present-day <A href="/wiki/Chang%27an_Avenue" title="Chang'an Avenue">Chang'an Avenue</A> to the northern part of <A href="/wiki/Line_10,_Beijing_Subway" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 10, Beijing Subway">Line 10 subway</A>. Remnants of the Yuan <A href="/wiki/Rammed_earth" title="Rammed earth">rammed earth</A> wall still stand and are known as the Tucheng.<SUP id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-39">[39]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Ming_dynasty">Ming dynasty</SPAN></H3>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:BeijingWatchTower.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BeijingWatchTower.jpg/220px-BeijingWatchTower.jpg" width="220" height="184" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BeijingWatchTower.jpg/330px-BeijingWatchTower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BeijingWatchTower.jpg/440px-BeijingWatchTower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="478" /></A>
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One of the corner towers of the <A href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</A>, which was built by <A href="/wiki/Emperor_Yongle" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Yongle">Emperor Yongle</A> in Ming dynasty.</DIV>
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<P>In 1368, soon after declaring the new <A href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu era</A> of the <A href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Red_Turban_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Turban rebellion">rebel</A> leader <A href="/wiki/Zhu_Yuanzhang" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhu Yuanzhang">Zhu Yuanzhang</A> sent an army to Khanbaliq and conquered it.<SUP id="cite_ref-patbu_40-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-patbu-40">[40]</A></SUP> Since the <A href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan_dynasty" title="Northern Yuan dynasty">Yuan</A> continued to occupy <A href="/wiki/Xanadu,_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanadu, China">Shangdu</A> and Mongolia, however, Dadu was renamed to <B>Beiping</B> as used to supply the military garrisons in the area.<SUP id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-41">[41]</A></SUP> And under the Hongwu Emperor's feudal policies it was given to <A href="/wiki/Zhu_Di" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhu Di">Zhu Di</A>, one of his sons, who was created "<A href="/wiki/Prince_of_Yan" title="Prince of Yan">Prince of Yan</A>".</P>
<P>The early death of <A href="/wiki/Zhu_Yuanzhang" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhu Yuanzhang">Zhu Yuanzhang</A>'s heir led to a <A href="/wiki/Jingnan_Campaign" title="Jingnan Campaign">succession struggle</A> on his death, one that ended with the victory of <A href="/wiki/Zhu_Di" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhu Di">Zhu Di</A> and the declaration of the new <A href="/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" title="Yongle Emperor">Yongle era</A>. Since his harsh treatment of the Ming capital <A href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Yingtian</A> (modern <A href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</A>) alienated many there, he established his fief as a new co-capital. The city of <A href="/wiki/Beiping" title="Beiping">Beiping</A> became <B>Beijing</B> (northern capital) or <B><A href="/wiki/Shuntian_Prefecture" title="Shuntian Prefecture">Shuntian</A></B><SUP id="cite_ref-WDL1_42-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-WDL1-42">[42]</A></SUP> in 1403.<SUP id="cite_ref-minggov_28-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-minggov-28">[28]</A></SUP> The construction of the new imperial residence, the <A href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</A>, took from 1406 to 1420;<SUP id="cite_ref-economist_37-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-economist-37">[37]</A></SUP> this period was also responsible for several other of the modern city's major attractions, such as the <A href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</A><SUP id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-43">[43]</A></SUP> and <A href="/wiki/Tian%27anmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Tian'anmen">Tian'anmen</A>. On 28 October 1420, the city was officially designated the capital of the <A href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</A> in the same year that the Forbidden City was completed.<SUP id="cite_ref-Hymes_44-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Hymes-44">[44]</A></SUP> Beijing became the empire's primary capital and Yingtian, also called <A href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</A> (southern capital), became the co-capital. (A 1425 order by Zhu Di's son, the <A href="/wiki/Hongxi_Emperor" title="Hongxi Emperor">Hongxi Emperor</A>, to return the primary capital to Nanjing was never carried out: he died, probably of a heart attack, the next month. He was buried, like almost every Ming emperor to follow him, in an <A href="/wiki/Ming_tombs" title="Ming tombs">elaborate necropolis</A> to Beijing's north.)</P>
<P>By the 15th century, Beijing had essentially taken its current shape. The <A href="/wiki/Beijing_city_fortifications" title="Beijing city fortifications">Ming city wall</A> continued to serve until modern times, when it was pulled down and the <A href="/wiki/2nd_Ring_Road" title="2nd Ring Road">2nd Ring Road</A> was built in its place.<SUP id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-45">[45]</A></SUP> It is generally believed that Beijing was the largest city in the world for most of the 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.<SUP id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-46">[46]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">first known church</A> was constructed by <A href="/wiki/Jesuit_China_Missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit China Missions">Catholics</A> in 1652 at the former site of <A href="/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci">Matteo Ricci</A>'s chapel; the modern <A href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_in_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Beijing">Nantang Cathedral</A> was later built upon the same site.<SUP id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-47">[47]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The capture of Beijing by <A href="/wiki/Li_Zicheng" title="Li Zicheng">Li Zicheng</A>'s peasant army in 1644 ended the dynasty, but he and his <A href="/wiki/Shun_dynasty" title="Shun dynasty">Shun court</A> abandoned the city without a fight when the <A href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</A> army of Prince <A href="/wiki/Dorgon" title="Dorgon">Dorgon</A> arrived 40 days later.</P>
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Qing_dynasty">Qing dynasty</SPAN></H3>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Scenery_of_Longevity_Hill.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Scenery_of_Longevity_Hill.JPG/220px-Scenery_of_Longevity_Hill.JPG" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Scenery_of_Longevity_Hill.JPG/330px-Scenery_of_Longevity_Hill.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Scenery_of_Longevity_Hill.JPG/440px-Scenery_of_Longevity_Hill.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1872" /></A>
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<A href="/wiki/Summer_Palace" title="Summer Palace">Summer Palace</A> is one of the several palatial gardens built by Qing emperors in the northwest suburb area</DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Hata-men_Gate.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Hata-men_Gate.jpg/220px-Hata-men_Gate.jpg" width="220" height="155" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Hata-men_Gate.jpg/330px-Hata-men_Gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Hata-men_Gate.jpg/440px-Hata-men_Gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1583" data-file-height="1113" /></A>
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<A href="/wiki/Chongwenmen" title="Chongwenmen">Chongwenmen</A>, a gate to the inner walled city, c. 1906</DIV>
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<P><A href="/wiki/Dorgon" title="Dorgon">Dorgon</A> established the <A href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</A> as a direct successor of the Ming (delegitimising <A href="/wiki/Li_Zicheng" title="Li Zicheng">Li Zicheng</A> and his followers)<SUP id="cite_ref-britannica_ming_qing_48-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-britannica_ming_qing-48">[48]</A></SUP> and Beijing became China's sole capital.<SUP id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-49">[49]</A></SUP> The Qing emperors made some modifications to the Imperial residence but, in large part, the Ming buildings and the general layout remained unchanged. Facilities for Manchu worship were introduced, but the Qing also continued the traditional state rituals. Signage was bilingual or Chinese. This early Qing Beijing later formed the setting for the <A href="/wiki/Four_Great_Classical_Novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Great Classical Novels">Chinese novel</A> <I><A href="/wiki/Dream_of_the_Red_Chamber" title="Dream of the Red Chamber">Dream of the Red Chamber</A></I>. Northwest of the city, Qing emperors built several large palatial gardens including the <A href="/wiki/Old_Summer_Palace" title="Old Summer Palace">Old Summer Palace</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Summer_Palace" title="Summer Palace">Summer Palace</A>.</P>
<P>During the <A href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</A>, Anglo-French forces captured the outskirts of the city, looting and burning the <A href="/wiki/Old_Summer_Palace" title="Old Summer Palace">Old Summer Palace</A> in 1860. Under the <A href="/wiki/Convention_of_Peking" title="Convention of Peking">Convention of Peking</A> ending that war, Western powers for the first time secured the right to establish <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Legation_Quarter" title="Beijing Legation Quarter">permanent diplomatic presences</A> within the city. In 1900, the attempt by the "<A href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxers</A>" to eradicate this presence, as well as Chinese Christian converts, led to Beijing's reoccupation by <A href="/wiki/Eight-Nation_Alliance" title="Eight-Nation Alliance">foreign powers</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-50">[50]</A></SUP> During the fighting, several important structures were destroyed, including the <A href="/wiki/Hanlin_Academy" title="Hanlin Academy">Hanlin Academy</A> and the (new) <A href="/wiki/Summer_Palace" title="Summer Palace">Summer Palace</A>.</P>
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Republic_of_China">Republic of China</SPAN></H3>
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A large portrait of <A href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</A> was displayed above <A href="/wiki/Tiananmen" title="Tiananmen">Tiananmen</A> Gate after <A href="/wiki/WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII">WWII</A>.</DIV>
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<P>The fomenters of the <A href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" title="Xinhai Revolution">Xinhai Revolution</A> of 1911 sought to replace Qing rule with a republic and leaders like <A href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</A> originally intended to return the capital to Nanjing. After the Qing general <A href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</A> forced the abdication of the last Qing emperor and ensured the success of the revolution, the revolutionaries accepted him as president of the new <A href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</A>. Yuan maintained his capital at Beijing and quickly consolidated power, declaring himself emperor in 1915. His death less than a year later<SUP id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-51">[51]</A></SUP> left China under the control of the warlords commanding the regional armies. Following the success of the <A href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</A>'s <A href="/wiki/Northern_Expedition_(1926%E2%80%931927)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Expedition (1926–1927)">Northern Expedition</A>, the capital was formally removed to <A href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</A> in 1928. On 28 June the same year, Beijing's name was returned to Beiping (written at the time as "Peiping").<SUP id="cite_ref-columbia_encyclopaedia_13-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-columbia_encyclopaedia-13">[13]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-52">[52]</A></SUP></P>
<P>On July 7, 1937, the 29th Army and the Japanese army in China exchanged fire at the <A href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge" title="Marco Polo Bridge">Marco Polo Bridge</A> near the <A href="/wiki/Wanping_Fortress" title="Wanping Fortress">Wanping Fortress</A> southwest of the city. The <A href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge_Incident" title="Marco Polo Bridge Incident">Marco Polo Bridge Incident</A> triggered the <A href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</A>, <A href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</A> as it is known in China. During the war,<SUP id="cite_ref-columbia_encyclopaedia_13-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-columbia_encyclopaedia-13">[13]</A></SUP> Beiping fell to Japan on 29 July 1937<SUP id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-53">[53]</A></SUP> and was made the seat of the <A href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_(1937%E2%80%931940)" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)">Provisional Government of the Republic of China</A>, a <A href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</A> that ruled the ethnic-Chinese portions of Japanese-occupied <A href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">northern China</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-54">[54]</A></SUP> This government was later merged into the larger <A href="/wiki/Reorganized_National_Government_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganized National Government of China">Wang Jingwei government</A> based in Nanjing.<SUP id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-55">[55]</A></SUP></P>
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<H3><SPAN id="People.27s_Republic_of_China"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="People's_Republic_of_China">People's Republic of China</SPAN></H3>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:PRCFounding.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/PRCFounding.jpg/220px-PRCFounding.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/PRCFounding.jpg/330px-PRCFounding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/PRCFounding.jpg/440px-PRCFounding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></A>
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<A href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</A> proclaiming the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949</DIV>
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<P>In the final phases of the <A href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</A>, the <A href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</A> seized control of the city peacefully on 31 January 1949 in the course of the <A href="/wiki/Pingjin_Campaign" title="Pingjin Campaign">Pingjin Campaign</A>. On 1 October that year, <A href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</A> announced the creation of the <A href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</A> from atop <A href="/wiki/Tian%27anmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Tian'anmen">Tian'anmen</A>. He restored the name of the city, as the new capital, to Beijing,<SUP id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-56">[56]</A></SUP> a decision that had been reached by the <A href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</A> just a few days earlier.</P>
<P>In the 1950s, the city began to expand beyond the old walled city and its surrounding neighborhoods, with heavy industries in <A href="/wiki/Shijingshan_District" title="Shijingshan District">the west</A> and residential neighborhoods in <A href="/wiki/Hepingli_Subdistrict,_Beijing" title="Hepingli Subdistrict, Beijing">the north</A>. Many areas of the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_city_fortifications" title="Beijing city fortifications">Beijing city wall</A> were torn down in the 1960s to make way for the construction of the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Subway" title="Beijing Subway">Beijing Subway</A> and the <A href="/wiki/2nd_Ring_Road" title="2nd Ring Road">2nd Ring Road</A>.</P>
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A scene from the opening ceremonies of the <A href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Summer Olympic Games">2008 Summer Olympic Games</A>.</DIV>
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<P>During the <A href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</A> from 1966 to 1976, the <A href="/wiki/Red_Guard_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Guard (China)">Red Guard</A> movement began in Beijing and the city's government fell victim to one of the first purges. By the fall of 1966, all city schools were shut down and over a million Red Guards from across the country gathered in Beijing for eight rallies in Tian'anmen Square with Mao.<SUP id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-57">[57]</A></SUP> In April 1976, a large public gathering of Beijing residents against the <A href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</A> and the Cultural Revolution in Tiananmen Square <A href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Incident" title="Tiananmen Incident">was forcefully suppressed</A>. In October 1976, the Gang was arrested in <A href="/wiki/Zhongnanhai" title="Zhongnanhai">Zhongnanhai</A> and the Cultural Revolution came to an end. In December 1978, the <A href="/wiki/Third_Plenary_Session_of_the_11th_CPC_Central_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee">Third Plenum of the 11th Party Congress</A> in Beijing under the leadership of <A href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</A> reversed the verdicts against victims of the Cultural Revolution and instituted the <A href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">"policy of reform and opening up."</A></P>
<P>Since the early 1980s, the urban area of Beijing has expanded greatly with the completion of the 2nd Ring Road in 1981 and the subsequent addition of the <A href="/wiki/3rd_Ring_Road_(Beijing)" title="3rd Ring Road (Beijing)">3rd</A>, <A href="/wiki/4th_Ring_Road" title="4th Ring Road">4th</A>, <A href="/wiki/5th_Ring_Road" title="5th Ring Road">5th</A> and <A href="/wiki/6th_Ring_Road" title="6th Ring Road">6th Ring Roads</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-58">[58]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-59">[59]</A></SUP> According to one 2005 newspaper report, the size of newly developed Beijing was one-and-a-half times larger than before.<SUP id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-60">[60]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Wangfujing" title="Wangfujing">Wangfujing</A> and <A href="/wiki/Xidan" title="Xidan">Xidan</A> have developed into flourishing shopping districts,<SUP id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-61">[61]</A></SUP> while <A href="/wiki/Zhongguancun" title="Zhongguancun">Zhongguancun</A> has become a major center of electronics in China.<SUP id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-62">[62]</A></SUP> In recent years, the expansion of Beijing has also brought to the forefront some problems of urbanization, such as <A href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">heavy traffic</A>, <A href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">poor air quality</A>, the loss of historic neighborhoods, and a significant influx of migrant workers from less-developed <A href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">rural areas</A> of the country.<SUP id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-63">[63]</A></SUP> Beijing has also been the location of many significant events in recent Chinese history, principally the <A href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989" title="Tiananmen Square protests of 1989">Tiananmen Square protests of 1989</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-BBC_News_64-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BBC_News-64">[64]</A></SUP> The city has also hosted major international events, including the <A href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</A> and the <A href="/wiki/2015_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2015 World Championships in Athletics">2015 World Championships in Athletics</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-65">[65]</A></SUP></P>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Geography">Geography</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Geography_of_Beijing" title="Geography of Beijing">Geography of Beijing</A></DIV>
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<A href="/wiki/Landsat_7" title="Landsat 7">Landsat 7</A> Satellite image of Beijing Municipality with the surrounding mountains in dark brown</DIV>
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<A href="/wiki/Jingshan_Park" title="Jingshan Park">Jingshan</A>, the highest point in the old walled city of Beijing.</DIV>
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Remnants of the <A href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</A> in the mountains north of the city.</DIV>
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<P>Beijing is situated at the northern tip of the roughly triangular <A href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</A>, which opens to the south and east of the city. Mountains to the north, northwest and west shield the city and northern China's agricultural heartland from the encroaching desert steppes. The northwestern part of the municipality, especially <A href="/wiki/Yanqing_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanqing County">Yanqing County</A> and <A href="/wiki/Huairou_District" title="Huairou District">Huairou District</A>, are dominated by the <A href="/wiki/Jundu_Mountains" title="Jundu Mountains">Jundu Mountains</A>, while the western part is framed by <I>Xishan</I> or the <A href="/wiki/Western_Hills" title="Western Hills">Western Hills</A>. The <A href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</A> across the northern part of Beijing Municipality was built on the rugged topography to defend against nomadic incursions from the steppes. <A href="/wiki/Mount_Ling_(Beijing)" title="Mount Ling (Beijing)">Mount Dongling</A>, in the Western Hills and on the border with <A href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</A>, is the municipality's highest point, with an altitude of 2,303 metres (7,556 ft).</P>
<P>Major rivers flowing through the municipality, including the <A href="/wiki/Chaobai_River" title="Chaobai River">Chaobai</A>, <A href="/wiki/Yongding_River" title="Yongding River">Yongding</A>, <A href="/wiki/Juma_River_(China)" title="Juma River (China)">Juma</A>, are all tributaries in the <A href="/wiki/Hai_River" title="Hai River">Hai River</A> system, and flow in a southeasterly direction. The Miyun Reservoir, on the upper reaches of the Chaobai River, is the largest reservoir within the municipality. Beijing is also the northern terminus of the <A href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal</A> to <A href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</A>, which was built over 1,400 years ago as a transportation route, and the <A href="/wiki/South%E2%80%93North_Water_Transfer_Project" title="South–North Water Transfer Project">South–North Water Transfer Project</A>, constructed in the past decade to bring water from the <A href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</A> basin.</P>
<P>The urban area of Beijing, on the plains in the south-central of the municipality with elevation of 40 to 60 metres (130–200 feet), occupies a relatively small but expanding portion of the municipality's area. The city spreads out in concentric <A href="/wiki/Ring_Roads_of_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring Roads of Beijing">ring roads</A>. The <A href="/wiki/Second_Ring_Road_(Beijing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Ring Road (Beijing)">Second Ring Road</A> traces the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_city_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing city wall">old city walls</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Sixth_Ring_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth Ring Road">Sixth Ring Road</A> connects satellite towns in the surrounding suburbs. <A href="/wiki/Tian%27anmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Tian'anmen">Tian'anmen</A> and <A href="/wiki/Tian%27anmen_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Tian'anmen Square">Tian'anmen Square</A> are at the center of Beijing, directly to the south of the <A href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</A>, the former residence of the emperors of China. To the west of Tian'anmen is <A href="/wiki/Zhongnanhai" title="Zhongnanhai">Zhongnanhai</A>, the residence of China's current leaders. <A href="/wiki/Chang%27an_Avenue" title="Chang'an Avenue">Chang'an Avenue</A>, which cuts between Tiananmen and the Square, forms the city's main east-west axis.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Cityscape">Cityscape</SPAN></H3>
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The skyline of the Imperial Palace, viewed from the <A href="/wiki/Jingshan_Park" title="Jingshan Park">Jingshan Hill</A></DIV>
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Architecture">Architecture</SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <A href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Beijing" title="List of tallest buildings in Beijing">List of tallest buildings in Beijing</A></DIV>
<P>Three styles of architecture are predominant in urban Beijing. First, there is the traditional architecture of imperial China, perhaps best exemplified by the massive <A href="/wiki/Tian%27anmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Tian'anmen">Tian'anmen</A> (Gate of Heavenly Peace), which remains the People's Republic of China's trademark edifice, the <A href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Imperial_Ancestral_Temple" title="Imperial Ancestral Temple">Imperial Ancestral Temple</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</A>. Next, there is what is sometimes referred to as the "Sino-Sov" style, with structures tending to be boxy and sometimes poorly constructed, which were built between the 1950s and the 1970s.<SUP id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-66">[66]</A></SUP> Finally, there are much more modern architectural forms, most noticeably in the area of the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_CBD" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing CBD">Beijing CBD</A> in east Beijing such as the new <A href="/wiki/CCTV_Headquarters" title="CCTV Headquarters">CCTV Headquarters</A>, in addition to buildings in other locations around the city such as the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium" title="Beijing National Stadium">Beijing National Stadium</A> and <A href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_the_Performing_Arts_(China)" title="National Centre for the Performing Arts (China)">National Center for the Performing Arts</A>.</P>
<P>Since 2007, buildings in Beijing have received the <A href="/wiki/CTBUH_Skyscraper_Award" title="CTBUH Skyscraper Award">CTBUH Skyscraper Award</A> for best overall tall building twice, for the <A href="/wiki/Linked_Hybrid" title="Linked Hybrid">Linked Hybrid</A> building in 2009 and the <A href="/wiki/CCTV_Headquarters" title="CCTV Headquarters">CCTV Headquarters</A> in 2013. The CTBUH Skyscraper award for best tall overall building is given to only one building around the world every year.</P>
<P>In the early 21st century, Beijing has witnessed tremendous growth of new building constructions, exhibiting various modern styles from international designers, most pronounced in the CBD region. A mixture of both 1950s design and <A href="/wiki/Neofuturistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neofuturistic">neofuturistic</A> style of architecture can be seen at the <A href="/wiki/798_Art_Zone" title="798 Art Zone">798 Art Zone</A>, which mixes the old with the new. Beijing's current completed tallest building is the 330-meter <A href="/wiki/China_World_Trade_Center_Tower_III" title="China World Trade Center Tower III">China World Trade Center Tower III</A>, but will be surpassed by the 528-meter <A href="/wiki/China_Zun" title="China Zun">China Zun</A> in 2018 when it is completed. Both buildings are in the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_CBD" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing CBD">Beijing CBD</A>.</P>
<P>Beijing is famous for its <I><A href="/wiki/Siheyuan" title="Siheyuan">siheyuans</A></I>, a type of residence where a common courtyard is shared by the surrounding buildings. Among the more grand examples are the <A href="/wiki/Prince_Gong_Mansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Gong Mansion">Prince Gong Mansion</A> and <A href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Soong_Ching-ling_(Beijing)" title="Former Residence of Soong Ching-ling (Beijing)">Residence of Soong Ching-ling</A>. These courtyards are usually connected by alleys called <I><A href="/wiki/Hutong" title="Hutong">hutongs</A></I>. The <I>hutongs</I> are generally straight and run east to west so that doorways face north and south for good <A href="/wiki/Feng_Shui" class="mw-redirect" title="Feng Shui">Feng Shui</A>. They vary in width; some are so narrow only a few pedestrians can pass through at a time. Once ubiquitous in Beijing, <I>siheyuans</I> and <I>hutongs</I> are rapidly disappearing,<SUP id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-67">[67]</A></SUP> as entire city blocks of <I>hutongs</I> are replaced by high-rise buildings.<SUP id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-68">[68]</A></SUP> Residents of the <I>hutongs</I> are entitled to live in the new buildings in apartments of at least the same size as their former residences. Many complain, however, that the traditional sense of community and street life of the <I>hutongs</I> cannot be replaced,<SUP id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-69">[69]</A></SUP> and these properties are often government owned.<SUP id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-70">[70]</A></SUP></P>
<DIV class="thumb noresize tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:auto; max-width:808px;">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="">
<DIV class="overflowbugx" style="overflow:auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:Forbidden_City_panorama_from_Gate_of_Supreme_Harmony_wikivoyage_banner.jpg" class="image" title="The Taihedian Square inside the Forbidden City"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Forbidden_City_panorama_from_Gate_of_Supreme_Harmony_wikivoyage_banner.jpg/800px-Forbidden_City_panorama_from_Gate_of_Supreme_Harmony_wikivoyage_banner.jpg" width="800" height="114" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Forbidden_City_panorama_from_Gate_of_Supreme_Harmony_wikivoyage_banner.jpg/1200px-Forbidden_City_panorama_from_Gate_of_Supreme_Harmony_wikivoyage_banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Forbidden_City_panorama_from_Gate_of_Supreme_Harmony_wikivoyage_banner.jpg/1600px-Forbidden_City_panorama_from_Gate_of_Supreme_Harmony_wikivoyage_banner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14306" data-file-height="2046" /></A></DIV>
<DIV class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Forbidden_City_panorama_from_Gate_of_Supreme_Harmony_wikivoyage_banner.jpg" title="File:Forbidden City panorama from Gate of Supreme Harmony wikivoyage banner.jpg"></A></DIV>
The Taihedian Square inside the Forbidden City</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Climate">Climate</SPAN></H3>
<P>Beijing has a monsoon-influenced <A href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</A> (<A href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</A> <I>Dwa</I>), characterized by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian <A href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</A>, and cold, windy, dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast <A href="/wiki/Siberian_anticyclone" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberian anticyclone">Siberian anticyclone</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-people's_daily_71-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-people's_daily-71">[71]</A></SUP> Spring can bear witness to sandstorms blowing in from the <A href="/wiki/Gobi_Desert" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</A> across the <A href="/wiki/Mongolian-Manchurian_grassland" title="Mongolian-Manchurian grassland">Mongolian steppe</A>, accompanied by rapidly warming, but generally dry, conditions. Autumn, like Spring, is a season of transition and minimal precipitation. The monthly daily average temperature in January is −3.7 °C (25.3 °F), while in July it is 26.2 °C (79.2 °F). <A href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">Precipitation</A> averages around 570 mm (22 in) annually, with close to three-fourths of that total falling from June to August. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 47% in July to 65% in January and February, the city receives 2,671 hours of bright sunshine annually. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −27.4 °C (−17.3 °F) on 22 February 1966 to 41.9 °C (107.4 °F) on 24 July 1999 (unofficial record of 42.6 °C (108.7 °F) was set on 15 June 1942).<SUP id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-72">[72]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Mherrera_73-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Mherrera-73">[73]</A></SUP></P>
<TABLE class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:90%; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;" id="collapsibleTable1">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH colspan="14"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton1" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>Climate data for Beijing (normals 1971–2000, extremes 1951–present)</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row">Month</TH>
<TH scope="col">Jan</TH>
<TH scope="col">Feb</TH>
<TH scope="col">Mar</TH>
<TH scope="col">Apr</TH>
<TH scope="col">May</TH>
<TH scope="col">Jun</TH>
<TH scope="col">Jul</TH>
<TH scope="col">Aug</TH>
<TH scope="col">Sep</TH>
<TH scope="col">Oct</TH>
<TH scope="col">Nov</TH>
<TH scope="col">Dec</TH>
<TH scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F)</TH>
<TD style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;">14.3<BR />
(57.7)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;">19.8<BR />
(67.6)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;">29.5<BR />
(85.1)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;">33.5<BR />
(92.3)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;">41.1<BR />
(106)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;">40.6<BR />
(105.1)</TD>
<TD style="background: #F90000; color:#FFFFFF;">41.9<BR />
(107.4)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;">38.3<BR />
(100.9)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;">35.0<BR />
(95)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;">31.0<BR />
(87.8)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;">23.3<BR />
(73.9)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;">19.5<BR />
(67.1)</TD>
<TD style="background: #F90000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">41.9<BR />
(107.4)</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average high °C (°F)</TH>
<TD style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;">1.8<BR />
(35.2)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;">5.0<BR />
(41)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;">11.6<BR />
(52.9)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;">20.3<BR />
(68.5)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;">26.0<BR />
(78.8)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;">30.2<BR />
(86.4)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;">30.9<BR />
(87.6)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;">29.7<BR />
(85.5)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;">25.8<BR />
(78.4)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;">19.1<BR />
(66.4)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;">10.1<BR />
(50.2)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;">3.7<BR />
(38.7)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">17.9<BR />
(64.1)</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average low °C (°F)</TH>
<TD style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;">−8.4<BR />
(16.9)</TD>
<TD style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;">−5.6<BR />
(21.9)</TD>
<TD style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;">0.4<BR />
(32.7)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;">7.9<BR />
(46.2)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;">13.6<BR />
(56.5)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;">18.8<BR />
(65.8)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;">22.0<BR />
(71.6)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;">20.8<BR />
(69.4)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;">14.8<BR />
(58.6)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;">7.9<BR />
(46.2)</TD>
<TD style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;">0.0<BR />
(32)</TD>
<TD style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;">−5.8<BR />
(21.6)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">7.2<BR />
(45.0)</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F)</TH>
<TD style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;">−22.8<BR />
(−9)</TD>
<TD style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;">−27.4<BR />
(−17.3)</TD>
<TD style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;">−15<BR />
(5)</TD>
<TD style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;">−3.2<BR />
(26.2)</TD>
<TD style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;">2.5<BR />
(36.5)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;">9.8<BR />
(49.6)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;">15.3<BR />
(59.5)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;">11.4<BR />
(52.5)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;">3.7<BR />
(38.7)</TD>
<TD style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;">−3.5<BR />
(25.7)</TD>
<TD style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;">−12.3<BR />
(9.9)</TD>
<TD style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;">−18.3<BR />
(−0.9)</TD>
<TD style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">−27.4<BR />
(−17.3)</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <A href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</A> mm (inches)</TH>
<TD style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;">2.7<BR />
(0.106)</TD>
<TD style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;">4.9<BR />
(0.193)</TD>
<TD style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;">8.3<BR />
(0.327)</TD>
<TD style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;">21.2<BR />
(0.835)</TD>
<TD style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;">34.2<BR />
(1.346)</TD>
<TD style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;">78.1<BR />
(3.075)</TD>
<TD style="background: #00EA00; color:#000000;">185.2<BR />
(7.291)</TD>
<TD style="background: #11FF11; color:#000000;">159.7<BR />
(6.287)</TD>
<TD style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;">45.5<BR />
(1.791)</TD>
<TD style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;">21.8<BR />
(0.858)</TD>
<TD style="background: #F3FFF3; color:#000000;">7.4<BR />
(0.291)</TD>
<TD style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;">2.8<BR />
(0.11)</TD>
<TD style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">571.8<BR />
(22.51)</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <SPAN style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</SPAN></TH>
<TD style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;">1.8</TD>
<TD style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;">2.3</TD>
<TD style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;">3.3</TD>
<TD style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;">4.3</TD>
<TD style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;">5.8</TD>
<TD style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;">9.7</TD>
<TD style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;">13.6</TD>
<TD style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;">12.0</TD>
<TD style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;">7.6</TD>
<TD style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;">5.0</TD>
<TD style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;">3.5</TD>
<TD style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;">1.7</TD>
<TD style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">70.6</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <A href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</A> (%)</TH>
<TD style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;">44</TD>
<TD style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;">44</TD>
<TD style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;">46</TD>
<TD style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;">46</TD>
<TD style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;">53</TD>
<TD style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;">61</TD>
<TD style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;">75</TD>
<TD style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;">77</TD>
<TD style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;">68</TD>
<TD style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;">61</TD>
<TD style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;">57</TD>
<TD style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;">49</TD>
<TD style="background: #2525FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">56.8</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <A href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</A></TH>
<TD style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;">194.1</TD>
<TD style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;">194.7</TD>
<TD style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;">231.8</TD>
<TD style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;">251.9</TD>
<TD style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;">283.4</TD>
<TD style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;">261.4</TD>
<TD style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;">212.4</TD>
<TD style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;">220.9</TD>
<TD style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;">232.1</TD>
<TD style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;">222.1</TD>
<TD style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;">185.3</TD>
<TD style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;">180.7</TD>
<TD style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">2,670.8</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="text-align: center; display: none;">
<TH scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <A href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</A></TH>
<TD style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;">65</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;">65</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;">63</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;">64</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;">64</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;">59</TD>
<TD style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;">47</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;">52</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;">63</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;">64</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;">62</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;">62</TD>
<TD style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">60</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: China Meteorological Administration <SUP id="cite_ref-CMA_74-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-CMA-74">[74]</A></SUP>, China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System<SUP id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-75">[75]</A></SUP>, all-time record high<SUP id="cite_ref-Mherrera_73-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Mherrera-73">[73]</A></SUP>, May record high<SUP id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-76">[76]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P><BR /></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Environmental_problems">Environmental problems</SPAN></H3>
<P>Beijing has a long history of <A href="/wiki/Environmental_problems" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental problems">environmental problems</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-77">[77]</A></SUP> Between 2000 and 2009 Beijing's urban extent quadrupled, which not only strongly increased the extent of anthropogenic emissions, but also changed the meteorological situation fundamentally, even if <A href="/wiki/Exhaust_gas" title="Exhaust gas">emissions</A> of human society are not included. For example, surface <A href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">albedo</A>, wind speed and <A href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">humidity</A> near the surface were decreased, whereas ground and near-surface <A href="/wiki/Air_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Air temperature">air temperatures</A>, vertical air dilution and <A href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">ozone</A> levels were increased.<SUP id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-78">[78]</A></SUP> Because of the combined factors of urbanization and pollution caused by burning of <A href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuel</A>, Beijing is often affected by serious environmental problems, which lead to <A href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">health</A> issues of many inhabitants. In 2013 heavy <A href="/wiki/Smog" title="Smog">smog</A> struck Beijing and most parts of northern China, in total 600 million people. After this "pollution shock" <A href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</A> became an important economic and social concern in China. After that the government of Beijing announced measures to reduce air pollution, for example by lowering the share of coal from 24% in 2012 to 10% in 2017, while the national government ordered heavily polluting vehicles to be removed from 2015 to 2017 and increased its efforts to transition the energy system to clean sources.<SUP id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-79">[79]</A></SUP></P>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Air_quality">Air quality</SPAN></H4>
<P>Joint research between American and Chinese researchers in 2006 concluded that much of the city's pollution comes from surrounding cities and provinces. On average 35–60% of the <A href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">ozone</A> can be traced to sources outside the city. <A href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</A> Province and <A href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</A> Municipality have a "significant influence on Beijing's air quality",<SUP id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-80">[80]</A></SUP> partly due to the prevailing south/southeasterly flow during the summer and the mountains to the north and northwest.</P>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Beijing_smog_comparison_August_2005.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Beijing_smog_comparison_August_2005.png/350px-Beijing_smog_comparison_August_2005.png" width="350" height="131" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Beijing_smog_comparison_August_2005.png/525px-Beijing_smog_comparison_August_2005.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Beijing_smog_comparison_August_2005.png/700px-Beijing_smog_comparison_August_2005.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="360" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Beijing_smog_comparison_August_2005.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Heavy air pollution has resulted in widespread smog. These photographs, taken in August 2005, show the variations in Beijing's air quality.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>In preparation for the <A href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</A> and to fulfill promises to clean up the city's air, nearly 17 billion USD was spent.<SUP id="cite_ref-sundance_81-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-sundance-81">[81]</A></SUP> Beijing implemented a number of air improvement schemes for the duration of the Games, including halting work at all construction sites, closing many factories in Beijing permanently, temporarily shutting industry in neighboring regions, closing some gas stations,<SUP id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-82">[82]</A></SUP> and <A href="/wiki/Road_space_rationing_in_Beijing" title="Road space rationing in Beijing">cutting motor traffic by half by limiting drivers to odd or even days (based on their license plate numbers)</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-83">[83]</A></SUP> reducing bus and subway fares, opening new subway lines, and banning high-emission vehicles.<SUP id="cite_ref-octpoll_84-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-octpoll-84">[84]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-polluteban_85-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-polluteban-85">[85]</A></SUP> The city further assembled 3,800 <A href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</A>-powered buses, one of the largest fleets in the world.<SUP id="cite_ref-sundance_81-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-sundance-81">[81]</A></SUP> Beijing became the first city in China to require the Chinese equivalent to the Euro 4 <A href="/wiki/Emission_standard" title="Emission standard">emission standard</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-86">[86]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Coal burning accounts for about 40% of the <A href="/wiki/Particulates" title="Particulates">PM 2.5</A> in Beijing and is also the chief source of nitrogen and sulphur dioxide.<SUP id="cite_ref-MotherJones_87-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MotherJones-87">[87]</A></SUP> Since 2012, the city has been converting coal-fired <A href="/wiki/List_of_major_power_stations_in_Beijing" title="List of major power stations in Beijing">power stations</A> to burn natural gas<SUP id="cite_ref-CNDaily20120308_88-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-CNDaily20120308-88">[88]</A></SUP> and aims to cap annual coal consumption at 20 million tons. In 2011, the city burned 26.3 million tons of coal, 73% of which for heating and power generation and the remainder for industry.<SUP id="cite_ref-CNDaily20120308_88-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-CNDaily20120308-88">[88]</A></SUP> Much of the city's air pollutants are emitted by neighboring regions.<SUP id="cite_ref-MotherJones_87-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MotherJones-87">[87]</A></SUP> Coal consumption in neighboring Tianjin is expected to increase from 48 to 63 million tons from 2011 to 2015.<SUP id="cite_ref-SCMP20130205_89-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-SCMP20130205-89">[89]</A></SUP> Hebei Province burned over 300 million tons of coal in 2011, more than all of Germany, of which only 30% were used for power generation and a considerable portion for steel and cement making.<SUP id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-90">[90]</A></SUP> Power plants in the coal-mining regions of Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi, where coal consumption has tripled since 2000, and Shandong also contribute to air pollution in Beijing.<SUP id="cite_ref-MotherJones_87-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-MotherJones-87">[87]</A></SUP> Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei and Inner Mongolia, respectively rank from first to fourth, among Chinese provinces by coal consumption.<SUP id="cite_ref-SCMP20130205_89-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-SCMP20130205-89">[89]</A></SUP> There were four major coal-fired power plants in the city to provide electricity as well as heating during the winter. The first one (Gaojing Thermal Power Plant) was shut down in 2014.<SUP id="cite_ref-ChinaDaily_91-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ChinaDaily-91">[91]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-92">[92]</A></SUP> Another two were shut in March 2015. The last one (Huaneng Thermal Power Plant) would be shut in 2016.<SUP id="cite_ref-ChinaDaily_91-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ChinaDaily-91">[91]</A></SUP> Between 2013 and 2017, the city planned to reduce 13 million tons of coal consumption and cap coal consumption to 15 million tons in 2015.<SUP id="cite_ref-ChinaDaily_91-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ChinaDaily-91">[91]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The government sometimes uses <A href="/wiki/Cloud-seeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud-seeding">cloud-seeding</A> measures to increase the likelihood of rain showers in the region to clear the air prior to large events, such as prior to the 60th anniversary parade in 2009<SUP id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-93">[93]</A></SUP> as well as to combat drought conditions in the area. More recently, however, the government has increased its usage of such measures as closing factories temporarily and implementing greater restrictions for cars on the road, as in the case of "<A href="/wiki/APEC_blue" title="APEC blue">APEC blue</A>" and "parade blue," short periods during and immediately preceding the <A href="/wiki/APEC_China_2014" title="APEC China 2014">APEC China 2014</A> and the <A href="/wiki/2015_China_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2015 China Victory Day Parade">2015 China Victory Day Parade</A>, respectively.<SUP id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-94">[94]</A></SUP> During and prior to these events, Beijing's air quality improved dramatically, only to fall back to unhealthy levels shortly after.</P>
<P>Beijing air quality is often poor, especially in winter. In mid-January 2013, Beijing's air quality was measured on top of <A href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Beijing" title="Embassy of the United States, Beijing">the city's US embassy</A> at a PM2.5 density of 755 micrograms per cubic meter, which went off the US Environmental Protection Agency's air quality index. It was widely reported, originally through a Twitter account, that the category was "crazy bad". This was later changed to "beyond index".<SUP id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-95">[95]</A></SUP></P>
<P>On 8 and 9 December 2015 Beijing had its first <A href="/wiki/Smog" title="Smog">smog</A> alert which shut down a majority of the industry and other commercial businesses in the city.<SUP id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-96">[96]</A></SUP> Later in the month another smog "red alert" was issued.<SUP id="cite_ref-abc-2nd-red_97-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-abc-2nd-red-97">[97]</A></SUP></P>
<P>According to Beijing's environmental protection bureau's announcement in November 2016, starting from 2017 highly polluting old cars wil be banned from being driven whenever Smog "red alerts" are issued in the city or neighboring regions.<SUP id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-98">[98]</A></SUP></P>
<H5><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Readings">Readings</SPAN></H5>
<P>Due to Beijing's high-level of air pollution, there are various readings by different sources on the subject. Daily pollution readings at 27 monitoring stations around the city are reported on the website of the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau (BJEPB).<SUP id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-99">[99]</A></SUP> The American Embassy of Beijing also reports hourly <A href="/wiki/Particulates" title="Particulates">fine particulate (PM2.5)</A> and <A href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">ozone</A> levels on Twitter.<SUP id="cite_ref-Demick_100-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Demick-100">[100]</A></SUP> Since the BJEPB and US Embassy measure different pollutants according to different criteria, the pollution levels and the impact to human health reported by the BJEPB are often lower than that reported by the US Embassy.<SUP id="cite_ref-Demick_100-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Demick-100">[100]</A></SUP></P>
<DIV class="center">
<DIV class="thumb tnone">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:1002px;"><A href="/wiki/File:2016_Air_pollution_in_Beijing.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/2016_Air_pollution_in_Beijing.svg/1000px-2016_Air_pollution_in_Beijing.svg.png" width="1000" height="274" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/2016_Air_pollution_in_Beijing.svg/1500px-2016_Air_pollution_in_Beijing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/2016_Air_pollution_in_Beijing.svg/2000px-2016_Air_pollution_in_Beijing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="926" data-file-height="254" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:2016_Air_pollution_in_Beijing.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Air pollution in Beijing in 2016, measured by <A href="/wiki/Air_Quality_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Quality Index">Air Quality Index</A>
<DIV class="columns-2" style="background-color: transparent; width: 100%">
<DIV class="column">
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #7e0023; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN>  Severely Polluted</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #8f3f97; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN>  Heavily Polluted</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ff0000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN>  Moderately Polluted</DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="column">
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ff7e00; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN>  Lightly Polluted</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ffff00; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN>  Good</DIV>
<DIV class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><SPAN class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #00e400; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </SPAN>  Excellent</DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV style="clear: both"></DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Dust_storms">Dust storms</SPAN></H4>
<P>Dust from the erosion of deserts in northern and northwestern China results in seasonal <A href="/wiki/Dust_storm" title="Dust storm">dust storms</A> that plague the city; the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Weather_Modification_Office" title="Beijing Weather Modification Office">Beijing Weather Modification Office</A> sometimes artificially induces rainfall to fight such storms and mitigate their effects.<SUP id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-101">[101]</A></SUP> In the first four months of 2006 alone, there were no fewer than eight such storms.<SUP id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-102">[102]</A></SUP> In April 2002, one dust storm alone dumped nearly 50,000 tons of dust onto the city before moving on to Japan and Korea.<SUP id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-103">[103]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Politics_and_government">Politics and government</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Politics_of_Beijing" title="Politics of Beijing">Politics of Beijing</A></DIV>
<P>Municipal government is regulated by the local <A href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" title="Communist Party of China">Communist Party of China</A> (CPC), led by the Beijing <A href="/wiki/CPC_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="CPC Secretary">CPC Secretary</A> (<A href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</A>: <SPAN lang="zh">北京市委书记</SPAN>). The local CPC issues administrative orders, collects taxes, manages the economy, and directs a standing committee of the Municipal People's Congress in making policy decisions and overseeing the local government.</P>
<P>Government officials include the <A href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Beijing">mayor</A> (<A href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</A>: <SPAN lang="zh">市长</SPAN>) and vice-mayor. Numerous bureaus focus on law, public security, and other affairs. Additionally, as the capital of China, Beijing houses all of the important national governmental and political institutions, including the <A href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-britannica_government_104-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-britannica_government-104">[104]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <A href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Beijing" title="List of administrative divisions of Beijing">List of administrative divisions of Beijing</A> and <A href="/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Beijing" title="List of township-level divisions of Beijing">List of township-level divisions of Beijing</A></DIV>
<P>Beijing Municipality currently comprises 16 administrative <A href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">county-level subdivisions</A> including 16 urban, suburban, and rural <A href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</A>. On 1 July 2010, <A href="/wiki/Chongwen_District" title="Chongwen District">Chongwen</A> and <A href="/wiki/Xuanwu_District,_Beijing" title="Xuanwu District, Beijing">Xuanwu</A> were merged into Dongcheng and Xicheng, respectively. On 13 November 2015 <A href="/wiki/Miyun_District" title="Miyun District">Miyun</A> and <A href="/wiki/Yanqing_District" title="Yanqing District">Yanqing</A> were upgraded to districts.</P>
<TABLE class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; text-align:center">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH colspan="14"><B>Administrative divisions of Beijing</B></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="6">
<DIV style="position: relative" class="centre">
<DIV role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 450px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/ColorBeijingMapNew.png/450px-ColorBeijingMapNew.png" width="450" height="448" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/ColorBeijingMapNew.png 1.5x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="493" />
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:49px; top:37px"><A href="/wiki/Dongcheng_District,_Beijing" title="Dongcheng District, Beijing"><B>Dongcheng</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:4px; top:57px"><A href="/wiki/Xicheng_District" title="Xicheng District"><B>Xicheng</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:207px; top:277px"><A href="/wiki/Chaoyang_District,_Beijing" title="Chaoyang District, Beijing"><B>Chaoyang</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:149px; top:267px"><A href="/wiki/Haidian_District" title="Haidian District"><B>Haidian</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:157px; top:327px"><A href="/wiki/Fengtai_District" title="Fengtai District"><B>Fengtai</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:117px; top:292px"><A href="/wiki/Shijingshan_District" title="Shijingshan District"><B>Shijingshan</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:37px; top:267px"><A href="/wiki/Mentougou_District" title="Mentougou District"><B>Mentougou</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:52px; top:352px"><A href="/wiki/Fangshan_District" title="Fangshan District"><B>Fangshan</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:254px; top:342px"><A href="/wiki/Tongzhou,_Hebei" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzhou, Hebei"><B>Tongzhou</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:254px; top:242px"><A href="/wiki/Shunyi_District" title="Shunyi District"><B>Shunyi</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:144px; top:222px"><A href="/wiki/Changping_District" title="Changping District"><B>Changping</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:200px; top:372px"><A href="/wiki/Daxing_District" title="Daxing District"><B>Daxing</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:354px; top:232px"><A href="/wiki/Pinggu_District" title="Pinggu District"><B>Pinggu</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:244px; top:62px"><A href="/wiki/Huairou_District" title="Huairou District"><B>Huairou</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:129px; top:137px"><A href="/wiki/Yanqing_District" title="Yanqing District"><B>Yanqing</B></A></DIV>
<DIV style="position:absolute; left:324px; top:142px"><A href="/wiki/Miyun_District" title="Miyun District"><B>Miyun</B></A></DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD colspan="8">
<DL>
<DT><B>Color key</B></DT>
</DL>
<UL>
<LI><SPAN style="background-color:#FFD350; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;">    </SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Inner_city" title="Inner city">Inner city</A> inside the <A href="/wiki/2nd_Ring_Road" title="2nd Ring Road">2nd Ring Road</A> (former city walls)</LI>
<LI><SPAN style="background-color:#EAA397; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;">    </SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban area</A> between the 2nd and <A href="/wiki/5th_Ring_Road" title="5th Ring Road">5th Ring Road</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN style="background-color:#979FEA; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;">    </SPAN> Inner suburbs linked by the <A href="/wiki/6th_Ring_Road" title="6th Ring Road">6th Ring Road</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN style="background-color:#97EAA5; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;">    </SPAN> Outer suburbs areas within <A href="/wiki/City_limits" title="City limits">city limits</A>.</LI>
</UL>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="col" rowspan="2"><A href="/wiki/Administrative_division_codes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China">Division code</A><SUP id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-105">[105]</A></SUP></TH>
<TH scope="col" rowspan="2">Division</TH>
<TH scope="col" rowspan="2">Area in km<SUP>2</SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-106">[106]</A></SUP></TH>
<TH scope="col" rowspan="2">Population 2010<SUP id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-107">[107]</A></SUP></TH>
<TH scope="col" rowspan="2">Seat</TH>
<TH scope="col" rowspan="2">Postal code</TH>
<TH scope="col" colspan="8">Subdivisions<SUP id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-108">[108]</A></SUP></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="col" style="width:45px;"><A href="/wiki/Subdistrict_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdistrict (China)">Subdistricts</A></TH>
<TH scope="col" style="width:45px;"><A href="/wiki/Town_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Town (China)">Towns</A><BR />
<SUP id="cite_ref-area_109-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-area-109">[n 1]</A></SUP></TH>
<TH scope="col" style="width:45px;"><A href="/wiki/Townships_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Townships of the People's Republic of China">Townships</A><BR />
<SUP id="cite_ref-other_110-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-other-110">[n 2]</A></SUP></TH>
<TH scope="col" style="width:45px;"><A href="/wiki/Ethnic_townships_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Ethnic townships of the People's Republic of China">Ethnic townships</A></TH>
<TH scope="col" style="width:45px;"><A href="/wiki/Residential_community" title="Residential community">Residential communities</A></TH>
<TH scope="col" style="width:45px;"><A href="/wiki/Villages_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Villages of the People's Republic of China">Villages</A></TH>
</TR>
<TR style="font-weight: bold">
<TH>110000</TH>
<TH>Beijing</TH>
<TD>16411.0</TD>
<TD>19,612,368</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Dongcheng_District,_Beijing" title="Dongcheng District, Beijing">Dongcheng</A> / <A href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</A></TD>
<TD>100000</TD>
<TD>128</TD>
<TD>167</TD>
<TD>19</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>2538</TD>
<TD>3857</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110101</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Dongcheng_District,_Beijing" title="Dongcheng District, Beijing">Dongcheng</A></TH>
<TD>40.6</TD>
<TD>919,253</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Jingshan_Subdistrict,_Beijing" title="Jingshan Subdistrict, Beijing">Jingshan Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>100000</TD>
<TD>17</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>216</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110102</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Xicheng_District" title="Xicheng District">Xicheng</A></TH>
<TD>46.5</TD>
<TD>1,243,315</TD>
<TD><A href="/w/index.php?title=Jinrong_Street_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinrong Street Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Jinrong Street Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>100000</TD>
<TD>15</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>259</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110105</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Chaoyang_District,_Beijing" title="Chaoyang District, Beijing">Chaoyang</A></TH>
<TD>470.8</TD>
<TD>3,545,137</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Chaowai_Subdistrict" title="Chaowai Subdistrict">Chaowai Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>100000</TD>
<TD>21</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>20</TD>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>358</TD>
<TD>5</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110106</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Fengtai_District" title="Fengtai District">Fengtai</A></TH>
<TD>304.2</TD>
<TD>2,112,162</TD>
<TD><A href="/w/index.php?title=Fengtai_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fengtai Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Fengtai Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>100000</TD>
<TD>14</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>254</TD>
<TD>73</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110107</TH>
<TH><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Shijingshan_District" title="Shijingshan District">Shijingshan</A></SPAN></TH>
<TD>89.8</TD>
<TD>616,083</TD>
<TD><A href="/w/index.php?title=Lugu_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lugu Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Lugu Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>100000</TD>
<TD>9</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>130</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110108</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Haidian_District" title="Haidian District">Haidian</A></TH>
<TD>426.0</TD>
<TD>3,280,670</TD>
<TD><A href="/w/index.php?title=Haidian_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haidian Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Haidian Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>100000</TD>
<TD>22</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>603</TD>
<TD>84</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110109</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Mentougou_District" title="Mentougou District">Mentougou</A></TH>
<TD>1331.3</TD>
<TD>290,476</TD>
<TD><A href="/w/index.php?title=Dayu_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dayu Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Dayu Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>102300</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>9</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>124</TD>
<TD>179</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110111</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Fangshan_District" title="Fangshan District">Fangshan</A></TH>
<TD>1866.7</TD>
<TD>944,832</TD>
<TD><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gongchen_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gongchen Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Gongchen Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>102400</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>14</TD>
<TD>6</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>108</TD>
<TD>462</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110112</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</A></TH>
<TD>870.0</TD>
<TD>1,184,256</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Beiyuan_Subdistrict,_Beijing" title="Beiyuan Subdistrict, Beijing">Beiyuan Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>101100</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD>10</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>40</TD>
<TD>480</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110113</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Shunyi_District" title="Shunyi District">Shunyi</A></TH>
<TD>980.0</TD>
<TD>876,620</TD>
<TD><A href="/w/index.php?title=Shengli_Subdistrict,_Beijing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shengli Subdistrict, Beijing (page does not exist)">Shengli Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>101300</TD>
<TD>6</TD>
<TD>19</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>61</TD>
<TD>449</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110114</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Changping_District" title="Changping District">Changping</A></TH>
<TD>1430.0</TD>
<TD>1,660,501</TD>
<TD><A href="/w/index.php?title=Chengbei_Subdistrict,_Beijing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengbei Subdistrict, Beijing (page does not exist)">Chengbei Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>102200</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>15</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>180</TD>
<TD>303</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110115</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Daxing_District" title="Daxing District">Daxing</A></TH>
<TD>1012.0</TD>
<TD>1,365,112</TD>
<TD><A href="/w/index.php?title=Xingfeng_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xingfeng Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Xingfeng Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>102600</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>14</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>64</TD>
<TD>547</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110116</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Huairou_District" title="Huairou District">Huairou</A></TH>
<TD>2557.3</TD>
<TD>372,887</TD>
<TD><A href="/w/index.php?title=Longshan_Subdistrict,_Beijing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longshan Subdistrict, Beijing (page does not exist)">Longshan Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>101400</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>12</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>27</TD>
<TD>286</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110117</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Pinggu_District" title="Pinggu District">Pinggu</A></TH>
<TD>1075.0</TD>
<TD>415,958</TD>
<TD><A href="/w/index.php?title=Binhe_Subdistrict,_Beijing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binhe Subdistrict, Beijing (page does not exist)">Binhe Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>101200</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>14</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>23</TD>
<TD>275</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110118</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Miyun_District" title="Miyun District">Miyun</A></TH>
<TD>2335.6</TD>
<TD>467,680</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Gulou_Subdistrict,_Beijing" title="Gulou Subdistrict, Beijing">Gulou Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>101500</TD>
<TD>2</TD>
<TD>18</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>57</TD>
<TD>338</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH>110119</TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Yanqing_District" title="Yanqing District">Yanqing</A></TH>
<TD>1980.0</TD>
<TD>317,426</TD>
<TD><A href="/w/index.php?title=Rulin_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rulin Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Rulin Subdistrict</A></TD>
<TD>102100</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD>11</TD>
<TD>4</TD>
<TD style="background:gray;"> </TD>
<TD>34</TD>
<TD>376</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed jquery-tablesorter" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; text-align:center" id="collapsibleTable2">
<THEAD><TR>
<TH colspan="5"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton2" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>Divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations</TH>
</TR><TR style="display: none;">
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">English</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Chinese</TH>
<TH class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending">Pinyin</TH>
</TR></THEAD><TBODY>

<TR style="display: none;">
<TH>Beijing Municipality</TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">北京市</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Běijīng Shì</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Dongcheng_District,_Beijing" title="Dongcheng District, Beijing">Dongcheng District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">东城区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Dōngchéng Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Xicheng_District" title="Xicheng District">Xicheng District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">西城区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Xīchéng Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Chaoyang_District,_Beijing" title="Chaoyang District, Beijing">Chaoyang District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">朝阳区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Cháoyáng Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Fengtai_District" title="Fengtai District">Fengtai District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">丰台区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Fēngtái Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Shijingshan_District" title="Shijingshan District">Shijingshan District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">石景山区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Shíjǐngshān Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Haidian_District" title="Haidian District">Haidian District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">海淀区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Hǎidiàn Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Mentougou_District" title="Mentougou District">Mentougou District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">门头沟区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Méntóugōu Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Fangshan_District" title="Fangshan District">Fangshan District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">房山区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Fángshān Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">通州区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Tōngzhōu Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Shunyi_District" title="Shunyi District">Shunyi District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">顺义区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Shùnyì Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Changping_District" title="Changping District">Changping District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">昌平区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Chāngpíng Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Daxing_District" title="Daxing District">Daxing District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">大兴区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Dàxīng Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Huairou_District" title="Huairou District">Huairou District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">怀柔区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Huáiróu Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Pinggu_District" title="Pinggu District">Pinggu District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">平谷区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Pínggǔ Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Miyun_District" title="Miyun District">Miyun District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">密云区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Mìyún Qū</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH><A href="/wiki/Yanqing_District" title="Yanqing District">Yanqing District</A></TH>
<TD><SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">延庆区</SPAN></TD>
<TD>Yánqìng Qū</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY><TFOOT></TFOOT></TABLE>
<DIV class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-area-109"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-area_109-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Including "area" (<SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">地区</SPAN>).</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-other-110"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-other_110-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Including other township related subdivisions.</SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Houhai_Lake_and_Drum_Tower_Beijing_2015_October.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Houhai_Lake_and_Drum_Tower_Beijing_2015_October.jpg/220px-Houhai_Lake_and_Drum_Tower_Beijing_2015_October.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Houhai_Lake_and_Drum_Tower_Beijing_2015_October.jpg/330px-Houhai_Lake_and_Drum_Tower_Beijing_2015_October.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Houhai_Lake_and_Drum_Tower_Beijing_2015_October.jpg/440px-Houhai_Lake_and_Drum_Tower_Beijing_2015_October.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2560" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Houhai_Lake_and_Drum_Tower_Beijing_2015_October.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
<A href="/wiki/Shichahai" title="Shichahai">Shichahai</A>, in the <A href="/wiki/Xicheng_District" title="Xicheng District">Xicheng District</A>, is traditionally considered one of Beijing's most beautiful and charming scenic areas.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Towns">Towns</SPAN></H4>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Beijing" title="List of township-level divisions of Beijing">List of township-level divisions of Beijing</A></DIV>
<P>Beijing's 16 county-level divisions (districts) are further subdivided into 273 lower third-level administrative units at the <A href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">township level</A>: 119 <A href="/wiki/Town_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Town of China">towns</A>, 24 <A href="/wiki/Townships_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Townships of the People's Republic of China">townships</A>, 5 <A href="/wiki/Ethnic_township" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic township">ethnic townships</A> and 125 <A href="/wiki/Subdistricts_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdistricts of China">subdistricts</A>. Towns within Beijing Municipality but outside the urban area include (but are not limited to):</P>
<DIV class="div-col columns column-count column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changping_District" title="Changping District">Changping</A> <SPAN lang="zh" title="Chinese language text">昌平</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huairou" class="mw-redirect" title="Huairou">Huairou</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">怀柔</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Miyun" class="mw-redirect" title="Miyun">Miyun</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">密云</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Liangxiang,_Beijing" title="Liangxiang, Beijing">Liangxiang</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">良乡</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Liulimiao" title="Liulimiao">Liulimiao</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">琉璃庙</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</A> <SPAN lang="zh" title="Chinese language text">通州</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yizhuang,_Beijing" title="Yizhuang, Beijing">Yizhuang</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">亦庄</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tiantongyuan" title="Tiantongyuan">Tiantongyuan</A> <SPAN lang="zh" title="Chinese language text">天通苑</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beiyuan,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiyuan, Beijing">Beiyuan</A> <SPAN lang="zh" title="Chinese language text">北苑</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xiaotangshan,_Beijing" title="Xiaotangshan, Beijing">Xiaotangshan</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">小汤山</SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<P>Several place names in Beijing end with <I>mén</I> (<SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">门</SPAN>), meaning "gate", as they were the locations of gates in the former <A href="/wiki/Beijing_city_fortifications" title="Beijing city fortifications">Beijing city wall</A>. Other place names end in <I>cūn</I> (<SPAN lang="zh" title="Chinese language text">村</SPAN>), meaning "village", as they were originally villages outside the city wall.</P>
<H4><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</SPAN></H4>
<TABLE class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD class="mbox-image">
<DIV style="width:52px"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" width="40" height="40" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="mbox-text">
<DIV class="mbox-text-span">This section contains <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Embedded_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Embedded lists">embedded lists</A> that <B>may be poorly defined, <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">unverified</A> or <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOT#IINFO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOT">indiscriminate</A></B>. <SPAN class="hide-when-compact">Please help to <A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beijing&action=edit">clean it up</A> to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Where appropriate, incorporate items into the main body of the article.</SPAN> <SMALL><I>(October 2017)</I></SMALL></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Niujie_Mosque_-_CIMG3671.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Niujie_Mosque_-_CIMG3671.JPG/170px-Niujie_Mosque_-_CIMG3671.JPG" width="170" height="227" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Niujie_Mosque_-_CIMG3671.JPG/255px-Niujie_Mosque_-_CIMG3671.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Niujie_Mosque_-_CIMG3671.JPG/340px-Niujie_Mosque_-_CIMG3671.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Niujie_Mosque_-_CIMG3671.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
The <A href="/wiki/Niujie_Mosque" title="Niujie Mosque">Niujie Mosque</A> is an important historical attraction</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Beijing" title="Neighborhoods in Beijing">Neighborhoods in Beijing</A></DIV>
<P>Neighborhoods may extend across multiple districts. Major neighborhoods in urban Beijing include:</P>
<DIV class="div-col columns column-count column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qianmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianmen">Qianmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">前门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tian%27anmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Tian'anmen">Tian'anmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">天安门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Di%27anmen" title="Di'anmen">Di'anmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">地安门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chongwenmen" title="Chongwenmen">Chongwenmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">崇文门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xuanwumen_Station_(Beijing)" title="Xuanwumen Station (Beijing)">Xuanwumen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">宣武门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fuchengmen" title="Fuchengmen">Fuchengmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">阜成门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xizhimen" title="Xizhimen">Xizhimen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">西直门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Deshengmen" title="Deshengmen">Deshengmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">德胜门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Andingmen" title="Andingmen">Andingmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">安定门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sanlitun" title="Sanlitun">Sanlitun</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">三里屯</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dongzhimen" title="Dongzhimen">Dongzhimen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">东直门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chaoyangmen" title="Chaoyangmen">Chaoyangmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">朝阳门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yongdingmen" title="Yongdingmen">Yongdingmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">永定门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Zuo%27anmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zuo'anmen (page does not exist)">Zuo'anmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">左安门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=You%27anmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="You'anmen (page does not exist)">You'anmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">右安门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Guangqumen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangqumen (page does not exist)">Guangqumen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">广渠门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guang%27anmen" title="Guang'anmen">Guang'anmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">广安门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huashi,_Beijing" title="Huashi, Beijing">Huashi</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">花市</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Xibianmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xibianmen (page does not exist)">Xibianmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">西便门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hepingmen" title="Hepingmen">Hepingmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">和平门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fuxingmen" title="Fuxingmen">Fuxingmen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">复兴门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jianguomen" title="Jianguomen">Jianguomen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">建国门</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gongzhufen" title="Gongzhufen">Gongzhufen</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">公主坟</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fangzhuang" title="Fangzhuang">Fangzhuang</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">方庄</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guomao,_Beijing" title="Guomao, Beijing">Guomao</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">国贸</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hepingli_Subdistrict,_Beijing" title="Hepingli Subdistrict, Beijing">Hepingli</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">和平里</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ping%27anli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ping'anli">Ping'anli</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">平安里</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beixinqiao_Subdistrict" title="Beixinqiao Subdistrict">Beixinqiao</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">北新桥</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Jiaodaokou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiaodaokou (page does not exist)">Jiaodaokou</A> <SPAN lang="zh" title="Chinese language text">交道口</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Kuanjie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuanjie (page does not exist)">Kuanjie</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">宽街</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wangjing,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangjing, Beijing">Wangjing</A> <SPAN lang="zh" title="Chinese language text">望京</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wangfujing" title="Wangfujing">Wangfujing</A> <SPAN lang="zh" title="Chinese language text">王府井</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dengshikou" class="mw-redirect" title="Dengshikou">Dengshikou</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">灯市口</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wudaokou" title="Wudaokou">Wudaokou</A> <SPAN lang="zh" title="Chinese language text">五道口</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xidan" title="Xidan">Xidan</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">西单</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dongdan,_Beijing" title="Dongdan, Beijing">Dongdan</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">东单</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhongguancun" title="Zhongguancun">Zhongguancun</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">中关村</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Panjiayuan_Station" title="Panjiayuan Station">Panjiayuan</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">潘家园</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_CBD" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing CBD">Beijing CBD</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">北京商务中心区</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yayuncun" class="mw-redirect" title="Yayuncun">Yayuncun</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">亚运村</SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shifoying" title="Shifoying">Shifoying</A> <SPAN lang="zh-Hans" title="Chinese language text">石佛营</SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Judiciary_and_procuracy">Judiciary and procuracy</SPAN></H3>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial system of the People's Republic of China">judicial system</A> in Beijing consists of the <A href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</A>, the highest court in the country, the Beijing Municipal High People's Court, the <A href="/wiki/High_people%27s_court" title="High people's court">high people's court</A> of the municipality, three <A href="/wiki/Intermediate_people%27s_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate people's courts">intermediate people's courts</A>, one intermediate <A href="/w/index.php?title=Railway_Transport_Court_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Railway Transport Court (People's Republic of China) (page does not exist)">railway transport court</A>, 14 <A href="/wiki/Basic_people%27s_court" title="Basic people's court">basic people's court</A> (one for each of the municipality's districts and counties), and one basic railway transport court. The Beijing No. 1 Intermediate People's Court in Shijingshan oversees the basic courts of Haidian, Shijingshan, Mentougou, Changping and Yanqing.<SUP id="cite_ref-Xinhuacourts_111-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Xinhuacourts-111">[109]</A></SUP> The Beijing No. 2 Intermediate People's Court in Fengtai oversees the basic courts of Dongcheng, Xicheng, Fengtai, Fangshan and Daxing.<SUP id="cite_ref-Xinhuacourts_111-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Xinhuacourts-111">[109]</A></SUP> The Beijing No. 3 Intermediate People's Court in Laiguangying, is the newest of the three intermediate people's courts and opened on 21 August 2013.<SUP id="cite_ref-Xinhuacourts_111-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Xinhuacourts-111">[109]</A></SUP> It oversees the district courts of Chaoyang, Tongzhou, Shunyi, Huairou, Pinggu and Miyun.<SUP id="cite_ref-Xinhuacourts_111-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Xinhuacourts-111">[109]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-BJcourts_112-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BJcourts-112">[110]</A></SUP> Each court in Beijing has a corresponding <A href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">people's procuratorate</A>.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Diplomatic_missions">Diplomatic missions</SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">List of diplomatic missions in China</A></DIV>
<P>About <A href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Embassies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of diplomatic missions in the People's Republic of China">163 countries have embassies in Beijing</A>, which are concentrated in Jianguomenwai, <A href="/wiki/Sanlitun" title="Sanlitun">Sanlitun</A> and <A href="/wiki/Liangmaqiao" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangmaqiao">Liangmaqiao</A> in Chaoyang District.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Economy">Economy</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Economy_of_Beijing" title="Economy of Beijing">Economy of Beijing</A></DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Xidan.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Xidan.jpg/220px-Xidan.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Xidan.jpg/330px-Xidan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Xidan.jpg/440px-Xidan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1026" data-file-height="769" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Xidan.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
<A href="/wiki/Xidan" title="Xidan">Xidan</A> is one of the oldest and busiest shopping area in Beijing.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>As of 2016, Beijing' <A href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">nominal GDP</A> was <A href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</A>386.45 billion (<A href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN￥</A> 2.57 trilion), about 3.45% of the country's GDP and ranked <A href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">12th</A> among <A href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">province-level administrative units</A>; its nominal GDP per capita was US$17,795 (CN￥118,198) and ranked the <A href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">1st</A> in the country.<SUP id="cite_ref-SNA2008_113-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-SNA2008-113">[111]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Due to the concentration of <A href="/wiki/List_of_State-owned_enterprises_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of State-owned enterprises in China">state owned enterprises</A> in the national capital, Beijing in 2013 had more <A href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</A> Company headquarters than any other city in the world.<SUP id="cite_ref-JLL_114-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-JLL-114">[112]</A></SUP></P>
<TABLE class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter">
<THEAD></THEAD><TBODY><TR>
<TD align="center" colspan="10"><B>Historical GDP of Beijing for 1978 –present</B> (SNA2008)<SUP id="cite_ref-SNA2008_113-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-SNA2008-113">[111]</A></SUP><BR />
(purchasing power parity of Chinese Yuan, as <A href="/wiki/Geary%E2%80%93Khamis_dollar" title="Geary–Khamis dollar">Int'l. dollar</A> based on IMF WEO October 2017<SUP id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-115">[113]</A></SUP>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="center">
<TD align="center" rowspan="3">year</TD>
<TD align="center" colspan="4"><B>GDP</B></TD>
<TD align="center" colspan="3"><B>GDP per capita (GDPpc)<BR /></B> <I>based on mid-year population</I></TD>
<TD align="center" colspan="2"><B>Reference index</B></TD>
</TR>
<TR align="center">
<TD align="center" colspan="3">GDP <I>in millions</I></TD>
<TD align="center" rowspan="2">real<BR />
growth<BR />
(%)</TD>
<TD align="center" colspan="3">GDPpc</TD>
<TD align="center" colspan="2">exchange rate<BR />
<I>1 foreign currency<BR />
to CNY</I></TD>
</TR>
<TR align="center">
<TD><A href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CNY</A></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</A></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</A><BR />
(<A href="/wiki/Geary%E2%80%93Khamis_dollar" title="Geary–Khamis dollar">Int'l$.</A>)</TD>
<TD>CNY</TD>
<TD>USD</TD>
<TD>PPP<BR />
(Int'l$.)</TD>
<TD>USD 1</TD>
<TD>Int'l$. 1<BR />
(PPP)</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>2016</TD>
<TD>2,566,910</TD>
<TD>386,449</TD>
<TD>733,214</TD>
<TD>6.8</TD>
<TD>118,198</TD>
<TD>17,795</TD>
<TD>33,762</TD>
<TD>6.6423</TD>
<TD>3.5009</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>2015</TD>
<TD>2,368,570</TD>
<TD>380,285</TD>
<TD>667,297</TD>
<TD>6.9</TD>
<TD>109,602</TD>
<TD>17,597</TD>
<TD>30,878</TD>
<TD>6.2284</TD>
<TD>3.5495</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>2014</TD>
<TD>2,194,410</TD>
<TD>357,233</TD>
<TD>618,074</TD>
<TD>7.4</TD>
<TD>102,870</TD>
<TD>16,746</TD>
<TD>28,974</TD>
<TD>6.1428</TD>
<TD>3.5504</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>2013</TD>
<TD>2,033,010</TD>
<TD>328,265</TD>
<TD>568,372</TD>
<TD>7.7</TD>
<TD>97,178</TD>
<TD>15,691</TD>
<TD>27,168</TD>
<TD>6.1932</TD>
<TD>3.5769</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>2012</TD>
<TD>1,835,010</TD>
<TD>290,695</TD>
<TD>516,788</TD>
<TD>8.0</TD>
<TD>89,778</TD>
<TD>14,222</TD>
<TD>25,284</TD>
<TD>6.3125</TD>
<TD>3.5508</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>2011</TD>
<TD>1,662,790</TD>
<TD>257,446</TD>
<TD>474,337</TD>
<TD>8.1</TD>
<TD>83,547</TD>
<TD>12,935</TD>
<TD>23,833</TD>
<TD>6.4588</TD>
<TD>3.5055</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>2010</TD>
<TD>1,444,160</TD>
<TD>213,333</TD>
<TD>436,223</TD>
<TD>10.4</TD>
<TD>75,572</TD>
<TD>11,164</TD>
<TD>22,827</TD>
<TD>6.7695</TD>
<TD>3.3106</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>2009</TD>
<TD>1,241,900</TD>
<TD>181,804</TD>
<TD>393,317</TD>
<TD>10.0</TD>
<TD>68,405</TD>
<TD>10,014</TD>
<TD>21,664</TD>
<TD>6.8310</TD>
<TD>3.1575</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>2008</TD>
<TD>1,139,200</TD>
<TD>164,029</TD>
<TD>358,600</TD>
<TD>9.0</TD>
<TD>66,098</TD>
<TD>9,517</TD>
<TD>20,807</TD>
<TD>6.9451</TD>
<TD>3.1768</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>2007</TD>
<TD>1,007,190</TD>
<TD>132,455</TD>
<TD>334,071</TD>
<TD>14.4</TD>
<TD>61,470</TD>
<TD>8,084</TD>
<TD>20,389</TD>
<TD>7.6040</TD>
<TD>3.0149</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>2006</TD>
<TD>831,260</TD>
<TD>104,275</TD>
<TD>288,863</TD>
<TD>12.8</TD>
<TD>52,963</TD>
<TD>6,644</TD>
<TD>18,405</TD>
<TD>7.9718</TD>
<TD>2.8777</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>2005</TD>
<TD>714,140</TD>
<TD>87,178</TD>
<TD>249,787</TD>
<TD>12.3</TD>
<TD>47,127</TD>
<TD>5,753</TD>
<TD>16,484</TD>
<TD>8.1917</TD>
<TD>2.8590</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>2000</TD>
<TD>321,280</TD>
<TD>38,809</TD>
<TD>118,148</TD>
<TD>12.0</TD>
<TD>24,517</TD>
<TD>2,962</TD>
<TD>9,016</TD>
<TD>8.2784</TD>
<TD>2.7193</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>1995</TD>
<TD>150,770</TD>
<TD>18,054</TD>
<TD>55,239</TD>
<TD>12.0</TD>
<TD>12,690</TD>
<TD>1,520</TD>
<TD>4,649</TD>
<TD>8.3510</TD>
<TD>2.7294</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>1990</TD>
<TD>50,080</TD>
<TD>10,470</TD>
<TD>29,414</TD>
<TD>5.2</TD>
<TD>4,635</TD>
<TD>969</TD>
<TD>2,722</TD>
<TD>4.7832</TD>
<TD>1.7026</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>1985</TD>
<TD>25,710</TD>
<TD>8,755</TD>
<TD>18,342</TD>
<TD>8.7</TD>
<TD>2,643</TD>
<TD>900</TD>
<TD>1,886</TD>
<TD>2.9366</TD>
<TD>1.4017</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>1980</TD>
<TD>13,910</TD>
<TD>9,283</TD>
<TD>9,301</TD>
<TD>11.8</TD>
<TD>1,544</TD>
<TD>1,030</TD>
<TD>1,032</TD>
<TD>1.4984</TD>
<TD>1.4955</TD>
</TR>
<TR align="right">
<TD>1978</TD>
<TD>10,880</TD>
<TD>6,462</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD>10.5</TD>
<TD>1,257</TD>
<TD>747</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD>1.6836</TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY><TFOOT></TFOOT></TABLE>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Sector_composition">Sector composition</SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Sanlitun_at_dusk.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sanlitun_at_dusk.jpg/220px-Sanlitun_at_dusk.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sanlitun_at_dusk.jpg/330px-Sanlitun_at_dusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sanlitun_at_dusk.jpg/440px-Sanlitun_at_dusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Sanlitun_at_dusk.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
The <A href="/wiki/Taikoo_Li_Sanlitun" title="Taikoo Li Sanlitun">Taikoo Li Sanlitun</A> shopping arcade is a popular destination among locals and visitors</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>The city has a <A href="/wiki/Post-industrial_economy" title="Post-industrial economy">post-industrial economy</A> that is dominated by the <A href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</A> (services), which generated 76.9% of output, followed by the <A href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">secondary sector</A> (manufacturing, construction) at 22.2% and the <A href="/wiki/Primary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary sector">primary sector</A> (agriculture, mining) at 0.8%.</P>
<P>The services sector is broadly diversified with professional services, wholesale and retail, information technology, commercial real estate, scientific research, and residential real estate each contributing at least 6% to the city's economy in 2013.<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116">[114]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The single largest sub-sector remains industry, whose share of overall output has shrunk to 18.1% in 2013.<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116">[114]</A></SUP> The mix of industrial output has changed significantly since 2010 when the city announced that 140 highly-polluting, energy and water resource intensive enterprises would be relocated from the city in five years.<SUP id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-117">[115]</A></SUP> The relocation of <A href="/wiki/Shougang_Corporation" title="Shougang Corporation">Capital Steel</A> to neighboring Hebei province had begun in 2005.<SUP id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-118">[116]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-119">[117]</A></SUP> In 2013, output of automobiles, aerospace products, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, and food processing all increased.<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116">[114]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In the farmland around Beijing, vegetables and fruits have displaced grain as the primary crops under cultivation.<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116">[114]</A></SUP> In 2013, the tonnage of vegetable, edible fungus and fruit harvested was over three times that of grain.<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116">[114]</A></SUP> In 2013, overall acreage under cultivation shrank along with most categories of produce as more land was reforested for environmental reasons.<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116">[114]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Economic_zones">Economic zones</SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/List_of_economic_and_technological_development_zones_in_Beijing" title="List of economic and technological development zones in Beijing">List of economic and technological development zones in Beijing</A></DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Guomao_Skyline.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Guomao_Skyline.jpg/220px-Guomao_Skyline.jpg" width="220" height="140" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Guomao_Skyline.jpg/330px-Guomao_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Guomao_Skyline.jpg/440px-Guomao_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1017" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Guomao_Skyline.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
The skyline of Beijing CBD</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%91%E6%96%B0%E8%B2%8C.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%91%E6%96%B0%E8%B2%8C.jpg/220px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%91%E6%96%B0%E8%B2%8C.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%91%E6%96%B0%E8%B2%8C.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%91%E6%96%B0%E8%B2%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%91%E6%96%B0%E8%B2%8C.jpg/440px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%91%E6%96%B0%E8%B2%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%91%E6%96%B0%E8%B2%8C.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
<A href="/wiki/Zhongguancun" title="Zhongguancun">Zhongguancun</A> is a technology hub in <A href="/wiki/Haidian_District" title="Haidian District">Haidian District</A></DIV>
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<P>In 2006, the city government identified six high-end economic output zones around Beijing as the primary engines for local economic growth. In 2012, the six zones produced 43.3% of the city's GDP, up from 36.5% in 2007.<SUP id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-120">[118]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-121">[119]</A></SUP> The six zones are:</P>
<OL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhongguancun" title="Zhongguancun">Zhongguancun</A>, China's silicon village in Haidian District northwest of the city, is home to both established and start-up tech companies. As of the second quarter of 2014, of the 9,895 companies registered in one of the six zones, 6,150 were based in Zhongguancun.<SUP id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-122">[120]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Financial_Street" title="Beijing Financial Street">Beijing Financial Street</A>, in Xicheng District on the west side of the city between Fuxingmen and Fuchengmen, is lined with headquarters of large state banks and insurance companies. The country's financial regulatory agencies including the <A href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">central bank</A>, <A href="/wiki/China_Banking_Regulatory_Commission" title="China Banking Regulatory Commission">bank regulator</A>, <A href="/wiki/China_Securities_Regulatory_Commission" title="China Securities Regulatory Commission">securities regulator</A>, and <A href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Foreign_Exchange" title="State Administration of Foreign Exchange">foreign exchange authority</A> are located in the neighborhood.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_CBD" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing CBD">Beijing Central Business District (CBD)</A>, is actually located to the east of downtown, near the embassies along the eastern Third Ring Road between Jianguomenwai and Chaoyangmenwai. The CBD is home to most of the <A href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Beijing" title="List of tallest buildings in Beijing">city's skyscraper office buildings</A>. Most of the city's foreign companies and professional service firms are based in the CBD.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Economic_and_Technological_Development_Area" title="Beijing Economic and Technological Development Area">Beijing Economic and Technological Development Area</A>, better known as <A href="/wiki/Yizhuang,_Beijing" title="Yizhuang, Beijing">Yizhuang</A>, is an industrial park the straddles the southern Fifth Ring Road in Daxing District. It has attracted pharmaceutical, information technology, and materials engineering companies.<SUP id="cite_ref-social_economic_123-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-social_economic-123">[121]</A></SUP></LI>
<LI>Beijing Airport Economic Zone was created in 1993 and surrounds the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport" title="Beijing Capital International Airport">Beijing Capital International Airport</A> in Shunyi District northwest of the city. In addition to logistics, airline services, and trading firms, this zone is also home to Beijing's automobile assembly plants.</LI>
<LI>Beijing Olympic Center Zone surrounds the <A href="/wiki/Olympic_Green" title="Olympic Green">Olympic Green</A> due north of downtown and is developing into an entertainment, sports, tourism and business convention center.</LI>
</OL>
<P><A href="/wiki/Shijingshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shijingshan">Shijingshan</A>, on the western outskirts of the city, is a traditional heavy industrial base for steel-making.<SUP id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-124">[122]</A></SUP> Chemical plants are concentrated in the far eastern suburbs.</P>
<P>Less legitimate enterprises also exist. Urban Beijing is known for being a center of <A href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">infringed</A> goods; anything from the latest designer clothing to DVDs can be found in markets all over the city, often marketed to expatriates and international visitors.<SUP id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-125">[123]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Demographics">Demographics</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Beijing" title="Demographics of Beijing">Demographics of Beijing</A></DIV>
<TABLE class="toccolours" style="width:15em;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="padding:0.25em;font-size:110%">Historical population</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="font-size:95%">
<TH style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;width:3em">Year</TH>
<TH style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><ABBR title="Population">Pop.</ABBR></TH>
<TH style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;text-align:right"><ABBR title="Per annum growth rate">±% p.a.</ABBR></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1953</TH>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,768,149</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1964</TH>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,568,495</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.57%</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982</TH>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,230,687</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.11%</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</TH>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,819,407</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.00%</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2000</TH>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">13,569,194</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.29%</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</TH>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,612,368</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.75%</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2013</TH>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,150,000</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.55%</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2014<SUP id="cite_ref-bulletin2014_126-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-bulletin2014-126">[124]</A></SUP></TH>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,516,000</TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.73%</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:left">Population size may be affected by changes on administrative divisions.</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>In 2013, Beijing had a total population of 21.148 million within the municipality, of which 18.251 million resided in urban districts or suburban townships and 2.897 million lived in rural villages.<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116">[114]</A></SUP> Within China, the city ranked <A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in China by population">second in urban population</A> after Shanghai and the <A href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipalities_of_China" title="Direct-controlled municipalities of China">third in municipal population</A> after Shanghai and Chongqing. Beijing also ranks among the most populous cities in the world, <A href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_throughout_history" title="List of largest cities throughout history">a distinction the city has held for much of the past 800 years</A>, especially during the 15th to early 19th centuries when it was <A href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_throughout_history" title="List of largest cities throughout history">the largest city in the world</A>.</P>
<P>About 13 million of the city's residents in 2013 had local <A href="/wiki/Hukou_system" title="Hukou system"><I>hukou</I> permits</A>, which entitles them to permanent residence in Beijing.<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116">[114]</A></SUP> The remaining 8 million residents had <I>hukou</I> permits elsewhere and were not eligible to receive some social benefits provided by the Beijing municipal government.<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116">[114]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The population increased in 2013 by 455,000 or about 7% from the previous year and continued a decade-long trend of rapid growth.<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116">[114]</A></SUP> The total population in 2004 was 14.213 million.<SUP id="cite_ref-2004pop_127-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2004pop-127">[125]</A></SUP> The population gains are driven largely by migration. The population's <A href="/wiki/Rate_of_natural_increase" title="Rate of natural increase">rate of natural increase</A> in 2013 was a mere 0.441%, based on a <A href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</A> of 8.93 and a <A href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">mortality rate</A> of 4.52.<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116">[114]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">gender balance</A> was 51.6% males and 48.4% females.<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116">[114]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Working age people account for nearly 80% of the population. Compared to 2004, residents age 0–14 as a proportion of the population dropped from 9.96% to 9.5% in 2013 and residents over the age of 65 declined from 11.12% to 9.2%.<SUP id="cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116">[114]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-2004pop_127-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2004pop-127">[125]</A></SUP></P>
<P>According to the 2010 census, nearly 96% of Beijing's population are ethnic <A href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-2010census_128-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2010census-128">[126]</A></SUP> Of the 800,000 ethnic minorities living in the capital, <A href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</A> (336,000), <A href="/wiki/Hui_people_in_Beijing" title="Hui people in Beijing">Hui</A> (249,000), <A href="/wiki/Korean_people_in_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean people in Beijing">Korean</A> (77,000), <A href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</A> (37,000) and <A href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</A> (24,000) constitute the five largest groups.<SUP id="cite_ref-2010minorities_129-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2010minorities-129">[127]</A></SUP> In addition, there were 8,045 Hong Kong residents, 500 Macau residents, and 7,772 Taiwan residents along with 91,128 registered foreigners living in Beijing.<SUP id="cite_ref-2010census_128-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2010census-128">[126]</A></SUP> A study by the Beijing Academy of Sciences estimates that in 2010 there were on average 200,000 foreigners living in Beijing on any given day including students, business travellers and tourists are not counted as registered residents.<SUP id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-130">[128]</A></SUP></P>
<P>From 2000 to 2010, the percentage of city residents with at least some college education nearly doubled from 16.8% to 31.5%.<SUP id="cite_ref-2010census_128-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2010census-128">[126]</A></SUP> About 22.2% have some high school education and 31% had reached middle school.<SUP id="cite_ref-2010census_128-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2010census-128">[126]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 2017 the Chinese Government implemented population controls for Beijing and Shanghai. Latest statistics show that from this policy, Beijings' population declined by 20,000<SUP id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-131">[129]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Metropolitan_area">Metropolitan area</SPAN></H3>
<P>The encompassing <A href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</A> was estimated by the <A href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</A> (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) to have, as of 2010<SUP class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beijing&action=edit">[update]</A></SUP>, a population of 24.9 million.<SUP id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-132">[130]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-oecd2015_4-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-oecd2015-4">[4]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Culture">Culture</SPAN></H2>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Beijing_observatory_10.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ancient_Beijing_observatory_10.jpg/220px-Ancient_Beijing_observatory_10.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ancient_Beijing_observatory_10.jpg/330px-Ancient_Beijing_observatory_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ancient_Beijing_observatory_10.jpg/440px-Ancient_Beijing_observatory_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></A>
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The <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Ancient_Observatory" title="Beijing Ancient Observatory">Beijing Ancient Observatory</A></DIV>
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A scene from a <A href="/wiki/Peking_opera" title="Peking opera">Peking opera</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:China_qing_two_blue_ceramics.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/China_qing_two_blue_ceramics.JPG/220px-China_qing_two_blue_ceramics.JPG" width="220" height="137" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/China_qing_two_blue_ceramics.JPG/330px-China_qing_two_blue_ceramics.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/China_qing_two_blue_ceramics.JPG/440px-China_qing_two_blue_ceramics.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3822" data-file-height="2376" /></A>
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Royal collection of the Forbidden City</DIV>
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<P>People native to urban Beijing speak the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_dialect" title="Beijing dialect">Beijing dialect</A>, which belongs to the Mandarin subdivision of <A href="/wiki/Chinese_spoken_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese spoken language">spoken Chinese</A>. This speech is the basis for <I><A href="/wiki/Putonghua" class="mw-redirect" title="Putonghua">putonghua</A></I>, the standard spoken language used in mainland China and <A href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</A>, and one of the four official languages of <A href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</A>. Rural areas of Beijing Municipality have <A href="/wiki/Jilu_Mandarin" title="Jilu Mandarin">their own dialects</A> akin to those of Hebei province, which surrounds Beijing Municipality.</P>
<P>Beijing or <A href="/wiki/Peking_opera" title="Peking opera">Peking opera</A> (<SPAN lang="zh" title="Chinese language text">京剧</SPAN>, <I>Jīngjù</I>) is a traditional form of Chinese theater well known throughout the nation. Commonly lauded as one of the highest achievements of <A href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</A>, Beijing opera is performed through a combination of song, spoken dialogue, and codified action sequences involving gestures, movement, fighting and acrobatics. Much of Beijing opera is carried out in an archaic stage dialect quite different from Modern Standard Chinese and from the modern Beijing dialect.<SUP id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-133">[131]</A></SUP></P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing cuisine</A> is the local style of cooking. <A href="/wiki/Peking_Roast_Duck" class="mw-redirect" title="Peking Roast Duck">Peking Roast Duck</A> is perhaps the best known dish. <A href="/wiki/Fuling_Jiabing" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling Jiabing">Fuling Jiabing</A>, a traditional Beijing snack food, is a pancake (<I>bing</I>) resembling a flat disk with a filling made from <I><A href="/wiki/Fu_Ling" class="mw-redirect" title="Fu Ling">fu ling</A></I>, a fungus used in traditional <A href="/wiki/Chinese_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese medicine">Chinese medicine</A>. <A href="/wiki/Teahouse" title="Teahouse">Teahouses</A> are common in Beijing.</P>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/Cloisonn%C3%A9" title="Cloisonné">cloisonné</A> (or <I>Jingtailan</I>, literally "Blue of <A href="/wiki/Jingtai_Emperor" title="Jingtai Emperor">Jingtai</A>") metalworking technique and tradition is a Beijing art speciality, and is one of the most revered traditional crafts in China. Cloisonné making requires elaborate and complicated processes which include base-hammering, copper-strip inlay, soldering, enamel-filling, enamel-firing, surface polishing and gilding.<SUP id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-134">[132]</A></SUP> Beijing's <A href="/wiki/Lacquerware" title="Lacquerware">lacquerware</A> is also well known for its sophisticated and intrinsic patterns and images carved into its surface, and the various decoration techniques of lacquer include "carved lacquer" and "engraved gold".</P>
<P>Younger residents of Beijing have become more attracted to the nightlife, which has flourished in recent decades, breaking prior cultural traditions that had practically restricted it to the upper class.<SUP id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-135">[133]</A></SUP> Today, <A href="/wiki/Houhai" title="Houhai">Houhai</A>, <A href="/wiki/Sanlitun" title="Sanlitun">Sanlitun</A> and <A href="/wiki/Wudaokou" title="Wudaokou">Wudaokou</A> are Beijing's nightlife hotspots.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <A href="/wiki/Major_National_Historical_and_Cultural_Sites_(Beijing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major National Historical and Cultural Sites (Beijing)">Major National Historical and Cultural Sites (Beijing)</A> and <A href="/wiki/List_of_Beijing_landmarks" title="List of Beijing landmarks">List of Beijing landmarks</A></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE class="templatequote">
<P>...the city remains an epicenter of tradition with the treasures of nearly 2,000 years as the imperial capital still on view—in the famed Forbidden City and in the city's lush pavilions and gardens...</P>
<DIV class="templatequotecite">— <CITE><A href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic</A><SUP id="cite_ref-national_136-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-national-136">[134]</A></SUP></CITE></DIV>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Qianmen_Street_1.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Qianmen_Street_1.jpg/220px-Qianmen_Street_1.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Qianmen_Street_1.jpg/330px-Qianmen_Street_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Qianmen_Street_1.jpg/440px-Qianmen_Street_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></A>
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<A href="/wiki/Qianmen_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianmen Avenue">Qianmen Avenue</A>, a traditional commercial street outside Qianmen Gate along the southern Central Axis</DIV>
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<P>At the historical heart of Beijing lies the <A href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</A>, the enormous palace compound that was the home of the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties;<SUP id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-137">[135]</A></SUP> the Forbidden City hosts the Palace Museum, which contains imperial collections of Chinese art. Surrounding the Forbidden City are several former imperial gardens, parks and scenic areas, notably <A href="/wiki/Beihai_Park" title="Beihai Park">Beihai</A>, <A href="/wiki/Shichahai" title="Shichahai">Shichahai</A>, <A href="/wiki/Zhongnanhai" title="Zhongnanhai">Zhongnanhai</A>, <A href="/wiki/Jingshan_Park" title="Jingshan Park">Jingshan</A> and <A href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Park_(Beijing)" title="Zhongshan Park (Beijing)">Zhongshan</A>. These places, particularly Beihai Park, are described as masterpieces of <A href="/wiki/Chinese_garden" title="Chinese garden">Chinese gardening</A> art,<SUP id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-138">[136]</A></SUP> and are popular tourist destinations with tremendous historical importance;<SUP id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-139">[137]</A></SUP> in the modern era, Zhongnanhai has also been the political heart of various Chinese governments and regimes and is now the headquarters of the Communist Party of China and the State Council. From Tiananmen Square, right across from the Forbidden City, there are several notable sites, such as the Tiananmen, <A href="/wiki/Qianmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianmen">Qianmen</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Great_Hall_of_the_People" title="Great Hall of the People">Great Hall of the People</A>, the <A href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_China" title="National Museum of China">National Museum of China</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_People%27s_Heroes" title="Monument to the People's Heroes">Monument to the People's Heroes</A>, and the <A href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Mao_Zedong" title="Mausoleum of Mao Zedong">Mausoleum of Mao Zedong</A>. The <A href="/wiki/Summer_Palace" title="Summer Palace">Summer Palace</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Old_Summer_Palace" title="Old Summer Palace">Old Summer Palace</A> both lie at the western part of the city; the former, a <A href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-140">[138]</A></SUP> contains a comprehensive collection of imperial gardens and palaces that served as the summer retreats for the Qing imperial family.</P>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Temple_of_Heaven_(Tiantan_Park)_(11524112715).jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Temple_of_Heaven_%28Tiantan_Park%29_%2811524112715%29.jpg/220px-Temple_of_Heaven_%28Tiantan_Park%29_%2811524112715%29.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Temple_of_Heaven_%28Tiantan_Park%29_%2811524112715%29.jpg/330px-Temple_of_Heaven_%28Tiantan_Park%29_%2811524112715%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Temple_of_Heaven_%28Tiantan_Park%29_%2811524112715%29.jpg/440px-Temple_of_Heaven_%28Tiantan_Park%29_%2811524112715%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></A>
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Beijing's <A href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</A></DIV>
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Ancient <A href="/wiki/Hutong" title="Hutong">Hutongs</A> outside <A href="/wiki/Qianmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianmen">Qianmen</A> Gate</DIV>
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<P>Among the best known religious sites in the city is the <A href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</A> (<I>Tiantan</I>), located in southeastern Beijing, also a UNESCO World Heritage Site,<SUP id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-141">[139]</A></SUP> where emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties made visits for annual ceremonies of prayers to Heaven for good harvest. In the north of the city is the <A href="/wiki/Temple_of_Earth" title="Temple of Earth">Temple of Earth</A> (<I>Ditan</I>), while the <A href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of the Sun">Temple of the Sun</A> (<I>Ritan</I>) and the <A href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Moon_(China)" title="Temple of the Moon (China)">Temple of the Moon</A> (<I>Yuetan</I>) lie in the eastern and western urban areas respectively. Other well-known temple sites include the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Dongyue_Temple" title="Beijing Dongyue Temple">Dongyue Temple</A>, <A href="/wiki/Tanzhe_Temple" title="Tanzhe Temple">Tanzhe Temple</A>, <A href="/wiki/Miaoying_Temple" title="Miaoying Temple">Miaoying Temple</A>, <A href="/wiki/White_Cloud_Temple" title="White Cloud Temple">White Cloud Temple</A>, <A href="/wiki/Yonghe_Temple" title="Yonghe Temple">Yonghe Temple</A>, <A href="/wiki/Fayuan_Temple" title="Fayuan Temple">Fayuan Temple</A>, <A href="/wiki/Wanshou_Temple" title="Wanshou Temple">Wanshou Temple</A> and <A href="/wiki/Big_Bell_Temple" title="Big Bell Temple">Big Bell Temple</A>. The city also has its own <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Temple_of_Confucius" title="Beijing Temple of Confucius">Confucius Temple</A>, and a <A href="/wiki/Guozijian_(Beijing)" title="Guozijian (Beijing)">Guozijian</A> or Imperial Academy. The <A href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_in_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Beijing">Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception</A>, built in 1605, is the oldest Catholic church in Beijing. The <A href="/wiki/Niujie_Mosque" title="Niujie Mosque">Niujie Mosque</A> is the oldest mosque in Beijing, with a history stretching back over a thousand years.</P>
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Inside the Forbidden City</DIV>
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<P>Beijing contains several well-preserved pagodas and stone pagodas, such as the towering <A href="/wiki/Pagoda_of_Tianning_Temple_(Beijing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagoda of Tianning Temple (Beijing)">Pagoda of Tianning Temple</A>, which was built during the Liao dynasty from 1100 to 1120, and the <A href="/wiki/Pagoda_of_Cishou_Temple" title="Pagoda of Cishou Temple">Pagoda of Cishou Temple</A>, which was built in 1576 during the Ming dynasty. Historically noteworthy stone bridges include the 12th-century <A href="/wiki/Lugou_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugou Bridge">Lugou Bridge</A>, the 17th-century <A href="/wiki/Baliqiao" title="Baliqiao">Baliqiao</A> bridge, and the 18th-century <A href="/wiki/Jade_Belt_Bridge" title="Jade Belt Bridge">Jade Belt Bridge</A>. The <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Ancient_Observatory" title="Beijing Ancient Observatory">Beijing Ancient Observatory</A> displays pre-telescopic spheres dating back to the Ming and Qing dynasties. The <A href="/wiki/Fragrant_Hills" title="Fragrant Hills">Fragrant Hills</A> (<I>Xiangshan</I>) is a popular scenic public park that consists of natural landscaped areas as well as traditional and cultural relics. The <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Botanical_Garden" title="Beijing Botanical Garden">Beijing Botanical Garden</A> exhibits over 6,000 species of plants, including a variety of trees, bushes and flowers, and an extensive <A href="/wiki/Peony" title="Peony">peony</A> garden. The <A href="/wiki/Taoranting_Park" title="Taoranting Park">Taoranting</A>, <A href="/wiki/Longtan_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Longtan Park">Longtan</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Chaoyang_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Chaoyang Park">Chaoyang</A>, <A href="/wiki/Haidian_Park" title="Haidian Park">Haidian</A>, <A href="/wiki/Milu_Yuan" title="Milu Yuan">Milu Yuan</A> and <A href="/wiki/Purple_Bamboo_Park" title="Purple Bamboo Park">Zizhu Yuan</A> parks are some of the notable recreational parks in the city. The <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Zoo" title="Beijing Zoo">Beijing Zoo</A> is a center of zoological research that also contains rare animals from various continents, including the Chinese <A href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">giant panda</A>.</P>
<P>There are 144 museums and galleries (as of June 2008) in the city.<SUP id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-142">[140]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-143">[141]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-museum_144-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-museum-144">[142]</A></SUP> In addition to the Palace Museum in the Forbidden City and the National Museum of China, other major museums include the <A href="/wiki/National_Art_Museum_of_China" title="National Art Museum of China">National Art Museum of China</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Capital_Museum" title="Capital Museum">Capital Museum</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Wanshou_Temple" title="Wanshou Temple">Beijing Art Museum</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Military_Museum_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Revolution" title="Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution">Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Geological_Museum_of_China" title="Geological Museum of China">Geological Museum of China</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Beijing Museum of Natural History">Beijing Museum of Natural History</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Paleozoological_Museum_of_China" title="Paleozoological Museum of China">Paleozoological Museum of China</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-museum_144-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-museum-144">[142]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Located at the outskirts of urban Beijing, but within its municipality are the <A href="/wiki/Ming_tombs" title="Ming tombs">Thirteen Tombs of the Ming dynasty</A>, the lavish and elaborate burial sites of thirteen Ming emperors, which have been designated as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site <A href="/wiki/Imperial_Tombs_of_the_Ming_and_Qing_Dynasties" title="Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties">Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-145">[143]</A></SUP> The archaeological <A href="/wiki/Peking_Man" title="Peking Man">Peking Man</A> site at <A href="/wiki/Zhoukoudian" title="Zhoukoudian">Zhoukoudian</A> is another World Heritage Site within the municipality,<SUP id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-146">[144]</A></SUP> containing a wealth of discoveries, among them one of the first specimens of <I><A href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</A></I> and an assemblage of bones of the gigantic <A href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">hyena</A> <I><A href="/wiki/Pachycrocuta" title="Pachycrocuta">Pachycrocuta</A> brevirostris</I>. There are several sections of the UNESCO World Heritage Site <A href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-147">[145]</A></SUP> most notably <A href="/wiki/Badaling" title="Badaling">Badaling</A>, <A href="/wiki/Jinshanling" title="Jinshanling">Jinshanling</A>, <A href="/wiki/Simatai" title="Simatai">Simatai</A> and <A href="/wiki/Mutianyu" title="Mutianyu">Mutianyu</A>.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</SPAN></H2>
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<P>Religion in Beijing (2010s)</P>
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A Temple of the Goddess in <A href="/wiki/Gubeikou" title="Gubeikou">Gubeikou</A>.</DIV>
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Fire God Temple in Di'anmen.</DIV>
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<P>The religious heritage of Beijing is rich and diverse as <A href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</A>, <A href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</A>, <A href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</A>, <A href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</A>, <A href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</A> and <A href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</A> all have significant historical presence in the city. As the national capital, the city also hosts the <A href="/wiki/State_Administration_for_Religious_Affairs" title="State Administration for Religious Affairs">State Administration for Religious Affairs</A> and various state-sponsored institutions of the leading religions.<SUP id="cite_ref-religion1_148-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-religion1-148">[146]</A></SUP> In recent decades, foreign residents have brought other religions to the city.<SUP id="cite_ref-religion1_148-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-religion1-148">[146]</A></SUP> According to Wang Zhiyun of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 2010 there were 2.2 million Buddhists in the city, equal to 11.2% of the total population.<SUP id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-149">[147]</A></SUP> According to the Chinese General Social Survey of 2009, Christians constitute 0.78% of the city's population.<SUP id="cite_ref-Wang2015_150-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Wang2015-150">[148]</A></SUP> According to a 2010 survey, Muslims constitute 1.76% of the population of Beijing.<SUP id="cite_ref-2010-Islam_151-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2010-Islam-151">[149]</A></SUP></P>
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Rear hall of the Capital <A href="/wiki/City_God_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="City God (China)">City God</A> Temple of Beijing.</DIV>
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Chinese_folk_religion_and_Taoism">Chinese folk religion and Taoism</SPAN></H3>
<P>Beijing has many temples dedicated to <A href="/wiki/Chinese_gods_and_immortals" title="Chinese gods and immortals">folk religious and communal deities</A>, many of which are being reconstructed or refurbished in the 2000s and 2010s. Yearly sacrifices to the <A href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">God of Heaven</A> (祭天 <I>jìtiān</I>) at the <A href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</A> have been resumed by <A href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucian</A> groups in the 2010s.</P>
<P>There are temples dedicated to the worship of the Goddess (娘娘 <I>Niángniáng</I>) in the city, one of them near the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Olympic_Village" title="Beijing Olympic Village">Olympic Village</A>, and they revolve around a major cult center at <A href="/wiki/Mount_Miaofeng" title="Mount Miaofeng">Mount Miaofeng</A>. There are also many temples consecrated to the <A href="/wiki/Dragon_King" title="Dragon King">Dragon God</A> (龙神 <I>Lóngshén</I>), to the Medicine Master (药王 <I>Yàowáng</I>), to <A href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Divus Guan</A> (关帝 <I>Guāndì</I>), to the Fire God (火神 <I>Huǒshén</I>), to the <A href="/wiki/Caishen" title="Caishen">Wealth God</A> (财神 Cáishén), temples of the <A href="/wiki/Chenghuangshen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenghuangshen">City God</A> (城隍神 <I>Chénghuángshén</I>), and at least one temple consecrated to the <A href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Deity</A> of the <A href="/wiki/Big_Dipper" title="Big Dipper">Chariot</A> <A href="/wiki/Axis_mundi" title="Axis mundi">Shaft</A> (轩辕黄帝 <I>Xuānyuán Huángdì</I>) in <A href="/wiki/Pinggu_District" title="Pinggu District">Pinggu District</A>. Many of these temples are governed by the Beijing Taoist Association, such as the <A href="/wiki/Huode_Zhenjun_Temple" title="Huode Zhenjun Temple">Fire God Temple of the Shicha Lake</A>, while many others are not and are governed by popular committees and locals. A great Temple of Xuanyuan Huangdi will be built in Pinggu (possibly as an expansion of the already existing shrine) within 2020, and the temple will feature a statue of the deity which will be amongst the <A href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_statues" title="List of tallest statues">tallest in the world</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-152">[150]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-153">[151]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The national <A href="/wiki/Chinese_Taoist_Association" title="Chinese Taoist Association">Chinese Taoist Association</A> and Chinese Taoist College have their headquarters at the <A href="/wiki/White_Cloud_Temple" title="White Cloud Temple">White Cloud Temple</A> of <A href="/wiki/Quanzhen_Taoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Quanzhen Taoism">Quanzhen Taoism</A>, which was founded in 741 and rebuilt numerous times. The <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Dongyue_Temple" title="Beijing Dongyue Temple">Beijing Dongyue Temple</A> outside Chaoyangmen is the largest temple of <A href="/wiki/Zhengyi_Taoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhengyi Taoism">Zhengyi Taoism</A> in the city. The local Beijing Taoist Association has its headquarters at the <A href="/wiki/L%C3%BCzu_Temple" title="Lüzu Temple">Lüzu Temple</A> near Fuxingmen.<SUP id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-154">[152]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Buddhism">Buddhism</SPAN></H3>
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The tomb pagodas at <A href="/wiki/Tanzhe_Temple" title="Tanzhe Temple">Tanzhe Temple</A></DIV>
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<A href="/wiki/Yonghe_Temple" title="Yonghe Temple">Yonghe Lama Temple</A> of <A href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</A>.</DIV>
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<P>11% of the population of Beijing practices Buddhism. The <A href="/wiki/Buddhist_Association_of_China" title="Buddhist Association of China">Buddhist Association of China</A>, the state's supervisory organ overseeing all <A href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</A> institutions in mainland China, is headquartered in the <A href="/wiki/Guangji_Temple_(Beijing)" title="Guangji Temple (Beijing)">Guangji Temple</A>, a temple founded over 800 years ago during the <A href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty (1115–1234)</A> in what is now Fuchengmennei. The Beijing Buddhist Association along with the Buddhist Choir and Orchestra are based in the <A href="/wiki/Guanghua_Temple_(Beijing)" title="Guanghua Temple (Beijing)">Guanghua Temple</A>, which dates to the Yuan dynasty over 700 years ago. The Buddhist Academy of China and its library are housed in the <A href="/wiki/Fayuan_Temple" title="Fayuan Temple">Fayuan Temple</A> near Caishikou. The Fayuan Temple, which dates to the Tang dynasty 1300 years ago, is the oldest temple in urban Beijing. The Tongjiao Temple inside Dongzhimen is the city's only Buddhist nunnery.</P>
<P>The West Yellow Temple originally dates to the Liao dynasty. In 1651, the temple was commissioned by the <A href="/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor" title="Shunzhi Emperor">Qing Emperor Shunzhi</A> to host the visit of the <A href="/wiki/5th_Dalai_Lama" title="5th Dalai Lama">Fifth Dalai Lama</A> to Beijing. Since then, this temple has hosted the <A href="/wiki/13th_Dalai_Lama" title="13th Dalai Lama">13th Dalai Lama</A> as well as the <A href="/wiki/Lobsang_Palden_Yeshe,_6th_Panchen_Lama" title="Lobsang Palden Yeshe, 6th Panchen Lama">Sixth</A>, <A href="/wiki/Thubten_Choekyi_Nyima,_9th_Panchen_Lama" title="Thubten Choekyi Nyima, 9th Panchen Lama">Ninth</A> and <A href="/wiki/Choekyi_Gyaltsen,_10th_Panchen_Lama" title="Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama">Tenth</A> <A href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lamas</A>. The largest Tibetan Buddhist Temple in Beijing is the Yonghe Temple, which was decreed by the <A href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qing Emperor Qianlong</A> in 1744 to serve as the residence and research facility for his Buddhist preceptor of <A href="/wiki/Changkya_R%C3%B6lp%C3%A9_Dorj%C3%A9" title="Changkya Rölpé Dorjé">Rölpé Dorjé</A> the third <A href="/wiki/Changkya_Khutukhtu" title="Changkya Khutukhtu">Changkya</A> (or living Buddha of Inner Mongolia). The Yonghe Temple is so-named because it was the childhood residence of the <A href="/wiki/Yongzheng_Emperor" title="Yongzheng Emperor">Yongzheng Emperor</A>, and retains the <A href="/wiki/Chinese_glazed_roof_tile" title="Chinese glazed roof tile">glazed tiles</A> reserved for imperial palaces.</P>
<P>The Lingguang Temple of Badachu in the Western Hills also dates to the Tang dynasty. The temple's Zhaoxian Pagoda was first built in 1071 during the Liao dynasty to hold a tooth relic of the <A href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</A>. The pagoda was destroyed during the Boxer Rebellion and the tooth was discovered from its foundation. A new pagoda was built in 1964. The six aforementioned temples: Guangji, Guanghua, Tongjiao, West Yellow, Yonghe and Lingguang have been designated <A href="/wiki/National_Key_Buddhist_Temples_in_Han_Chinese_Area" title="National Key Buddhist Temples in Han Chinese Area">National Key Buddhist Temples in Han Chinese Area</A>.</P>
<P>In addition, other notable temples in Beijing include the Tanzhe Temple (founded in the <A href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (265–420)">Jin dynasty (265–420)</A> is the oldest in the municipality), <A href="/wiki/Tianning_Temple_(Beijing)" title="Tianning Temple (Beijing)">Tianning Temple</A> (oldest pagoda in the city), <A href="/wiki/Miaoying_Temple" title="Miaoying Temple">Miaoying Temple</A> (famed for Yuan-era white dagoba), the Wanshou Temple (home to the Beijing Art Museum) and <A href="/wiki/Big_Bell_Temple" title="Big Bell Temple">Big Bell Temple</A>.</P>
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<DIV id="Buddhist_temples_in_Beijing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buddhist temples in Beijing</DIV>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Badachu" title="Badachu">Badachu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bailin_Temple_(Beijing)" title="Bailin Temple (Beijing)">Bailin Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Big_Bell_Temple" title="Big Bell Temple">Big Bell Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changchun_Temple" title="Changchun Temple">Changchun Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cheng%27en_Temple" title="Cheng'en Temple">Cheng'en Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dahui_Temple" title="Dahui Temple">Dahui Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dajue_Temple" title="Dajue Temple">Dajue Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fahai_Temple" title="Fahai Temple">Fahai Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fayuan_Temple" title="Fayuan Temple">Fayuan Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guanghua_Temple_(Beijing)" title="Guanghua Temple (Beijing)">Guanghua Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guangji_Temple_(Beijing)" title="Guangji Temple (Beijing)">Guangji Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hongluo_Temple" title="Hongluo Temple">Hongluo Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jietai_Temple" title="Jietai Temple">Jietai Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Miaoying_Temple" title="Miaoying Temple">Miaoying Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tanzhe_Temple" title="Tanzhe Temple">Tanzhe Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Temple_of_Azure_Clouds" title="Temple of Azure Clouds">Temple of Azure Clouds</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tianning_Temple_(Beijing)" title="Tianning Temple (Beijing)">Tianning Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wanshou_Temple" title="Wanshou Temple">Wanshou Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wofo_Temple" title="Wofo Temple">Wofo Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xifeng_Temple" title="Xifeng Temple">Xifeng Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yonghe_Temple" title="Yonghe Temple">Yonghe Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yunju_Temple" title="Yunju Temple">Yunju Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhenjue_Temple" title="Zhenjue Temple">Zhenjue Temple</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhihua_Temple" title="Zhihua Temple">Zhihua Temple</A></LI>
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<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Islam">Islam</SPAN></H3>
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<A href="/wiki/Niujie_Mosque" title="Niujie Mosque">Niujie Mosque</A></DIV>
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<P>Beijing has about 70 mosques recognized by the <A href="/wiki/Islamic_Association_of_China" title="Islamic Association of China">Islamic Association of China</A>, whose headquarters are located next to the <A href="/wiki/Niujie_Mosque" title="Niujie Mosque">Niujie Mosque</A>, the oldest and most famous mosque in the city.<SUP id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-155">[153]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-156">[154]</A></SUP> The Niujie Mosque was founded in 996 during the Liao dynasty and is frequently visited by Muslim dignitaries. Other notable mosques in the old city include the <A href="/wiki/Dongsi_Mosque" title="Dongsi Mosque">Dongsi Mosque</A>, founded in 1346; the Huashi Mosque, founded in 1415; Nan Douya Mosque, near Chaoyangmen; Jinshifang Street Mosque, in Xicheng District; and the Dongzhimen Mosque.<SUP id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-157">[155]</A></SUP> There are large mosques in outlying Muslim communities in Haidian, <A href="/wiki/Madian,_Beijing" title="Madian, Beijing">Madian</A>, Tongzhou, Changping, <A href="/w/index.php?title=Changying,_Beijing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Changying, Beijing (page does not exist)">Changying</A>, Shijingshan and Miyun. The China Islamic Institute is located in the Niujie neighborhood in Xicheng District.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Christianity">Christianity</SPAN></H3>
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<A href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour,_Beijing" title="Church of the Saviour, Beijing">Church of the Saviour</A>, also known as the Xishiku Church, founded in 1703.</DIV>
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<DT><B>Catholicism</B></DT>
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<P>In 1289, <A href="/wiki/John_of_Montecorvino" title="John of Montecorvino">John of Montecorvino</A> came to Beijing as a <A href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</A> missionary with the order from the Pope. After meeting and receiving the support of <A href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</A> in 1293, he built the first Catholic church in Beijing in 1305. The <A href="/wiki/Chinese_Patriotic_Catholic_Association" title="Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association">Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association</A> (CPCA), based in <A href="/wiki/Houhai" title="Houhai">Houhai</A> is the government oversight body for Catholics in mainland China. Notable Catholic churches in Beijing include:</P>
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<LI>the Nantang or <A href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Beijing" title="Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Beijing">Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception</A> also known as the Xuanwumen Church, which was founded in 1605 and whose current Archbishop <A href="/wiki/Joseph_Li_Shan" title="Joseph Li Shan">Joseph Li Shan</A> is one of the few bishops in China to have the support of both the Vatican and the CPCA.</LI>
<LI>the Dongtang or <A href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Church,_Beijing" title="St. Joseph's Church, Beijing">St. Joseph's Church</A>, better known as the Wangfujing Church, founded in 1653.</LI>
<LI>the Beitang or <A href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour,_Beijing" title="Church of the Saviour, Beijing">Church of the Saviour</A>, also known as the Xishiku Church, founded in 1703.</LI>
<LI>the Xitang or <A href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel,_Beijing" title="Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Beijing">Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</A> also known as the Xizhimen Church, founded in 1723.</LI>
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<P>The National Seminary of Catholic Church in China is located in Daxing District.</P>
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<DT><B>Protestantism</B></DT>
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<P>The earliest Protestant churches in Beijing were founded by <A href="/wiki/Protestant_missions_in_China_1807%E2%80%931953" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant missions in China 1807–1953">British and American missionaries</A> in the second half of the 19th century. Protestant missionaries also opened schools, universities and hospitals which have become important civic institutions. Most of Beijing's Protestant churches were destroyed during the <A href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</A> and afterwards rebuilt. In 1958, the 64 Protestant churches in the city are reorganized into four and overseen by the state through the <A href="/wiki/Three-Self_Patriotic_Movement" title="Three-Self Patriotic Movement">Three-Self Patriotic Movement</A>.</P>
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<DT><B>Eastern Orthodox</B></DT>
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<P>There were a significant amount of Orthodox Christians in Beijing. Orthodox has come to Beijing along with <A href="/wiki/Albazinians" title="Albazinians">Russian prisoners</A> from <A href="/wiki/Sino-Russian_border_conflicts" title="Sino-Russian border conflicts">Albazino conflicts</A> in the 17th century.<SUP id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-158">[156]</A></SUP> In 1956, Viktor, the bishop of Beijing returned to the Soviet Union, and the Soviet embassy took over the old cathedral and demolished it. In 2007, Russian embassy has rebuilt a new church in its garden to serve the Russian Orthodox Christians in Beijing.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Media">Media</SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Television_and_radio">Television and radio</SPAN></H3>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:CCTV-new-building.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/CCTV-new-building.jpg/220px-CCTV-new-building.jpg" width="220" height="227" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/CCTV-new-building.jpg/330px-CCTV-new-building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/CCTV-new-building.jpg/440px-CCTV-new-building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="2445" /></A>
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The <A href="/wiki/China_Central_Television_Headquarters_building" class="mw-redirect" title="China Central Television Headquarters building">China Central Television Headquarters building</A></DIV>
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<P><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Television">Beijing Television</A> broadcasts on channels 1 through 10, and <A href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">China Central Television</A>, China's largest television network, maintains its headquarters in Beijing. Three radio stations feature programmes in English: <I>Hit FM</I> on FM 88.7, <I>Easy FM</I> by <A href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">China Radio International</A> on FM 91.5, and the newly launched <I>Radio 774</I> on AM 774. <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Radio_Stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Radio Stations">Beijing Radio Stations</A> is the family of radio stations serving the city.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Press">Press</SPAN></H3>
<P>The well-known <I><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Evening_News" title="Beijing Evening News">Beijing Evening News</A></I> (<I>Beijing Wanbao</I>, 北京晚报), covering news about Beijing in Chinese, is distributed every afternoon. Other newspapers include <I><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Daily" title="Beijing Daily">Beijing Daily</A></I>, <I>The Beijing News</I> (<I>Xin Jing Bao</I>, 新京报), the <I>Beijing Star Daily</I>, the <I>Beijing Morning News</I>, and the <I><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Youth_Daily" title="Beijing Youth Daily">Beijing Youth Daily</A></I> (<I>Beijing Qingnian Bao</I>), as well as English-language weeklies <I>Beijing Weekend</I> and <I><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Today" title="Beijing Today">Beijing Today</A></I>. The <I><A href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Global_Times" title="Global Times">Global Times</A></I> and the <I><A href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</A></I> (English) are published in Beijing as well.</P>
<P>Publications primarily aimed at international visitors and the expatriate community include the English-language periodicals <I>Time Out Beijing</I>, <I><A href="/wiki/City_Weekend" title="City Weekend">City Weekend</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Beijing_This_Month" title="Beijing This Month">Beijing This Month</A></I>, <I>Beijing Talk</I>, <I><A href="/wiki/That%27s_Beijing" title="That's Beijing">That's Beijing</A></I>, and <I><A href="/wiki/The_Beijinger" title="The Beijinger">The Beijinger</A></I>.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Sports">Sports</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <A href="/w/index.php?title=Sport_in_Beijing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sport in Beijing (page does not exist)">Sport in Beijing</A> and <A href="/wiki/Football_in_Beijing" title="Football in Beijing">Football in Beijing</A></DIV>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Events">Events</SPAN></H3>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:2008_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony_-_Fireworks.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2008_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony_-_Fireworks.jpg/220px-2008_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony_-_Fireworks.jpg" width="220" height="153" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2008_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony_-_Fireworks.jpg/330px-2008_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony_-_Fireworks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2008_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony_-_Fireworks.jpg/440px-2008_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony_-_Fireworks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="696" /></A>
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Fireworks above <A href="/wiki/Venues_of_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Venues of the 2008 Summer Olympics">Olympic venues</A> during the <A href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony" title="2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony">opening ceremony</A> of the <A href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Games</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Martial_arts_-_Fragrant_Hills.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Martial_arts_-_Fragrant_Hills.JPG/220px-Martial_arts_-_Fragrant_Hills.JPG" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Martial_arts_-_Fragrant_Hills.JPG/330px-Martial_arts_-_Fragrant_Hills.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Martial_arts_-_Fragrant_Hills.JPG/440px-Martial_arts_-_Fragrant_Hills.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1488" /></A>
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<A href="/wiki/Taijiquan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taijiquan">Tai chi (Taijiquan)</A> practitioners at the <A href="/wiki/Fragrant_Hills" title="Fragrant Hills">Fragrant Hills</A> Park</DIV>
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<P>Beijing has hosted numerous international and national sporting events, the most notable was the <A href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympic</A> and <A href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Paralympics" title="2008 Summer Paralympics">Paralympic</A> Games. Other <A href="/wiki/Multi-sport_event" title="Multi-sport event">multi-sport</A> international events held in Beijing include the 2001 <A href="/wiki/Universiade" title="Universiade">Universiade</A> and the <A href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Games" title="1990 Asian Games">1990</A> <A href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</A>. Single-sport international competitions include the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Marathon" title="Beijing Marathon">Beijing Marathon</A> (annually since 1981), <A href="/wiki/China_Open_(tennis)" title="China Open (tennis)">China Open of Tennis</A> (1993–97, annually since 2004), <A href="/wiki/ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating" title="ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating">ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating</A> <A href="/wiki/Cup_of_China" title="Cup of China">Cup of China</A> (<A href="/wiki/2003_Cup_of_China" title="2003 Cup of China">2003</A>, <A href="/wiki/2004_Cup_of_China" title="2004 Cup of China">2004</A>, <A href="/wiki/2005_Cup_of_China" title="2005 Cup of China">2005</A>, <A href="/wiki/2008_Cup_of_China" title="2008 Cup of China">2008</A>, <A href="/wiki/2009_Cup_of_China" title="2009 Cup of China">2009</A> and <A href="/wiki/2010_Cup_of_China" title="2010 Cup of China">2010</A>), <A href="/wiki/World_Professional_Billiards_and_Snooker_Association" title="World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association">WPBSA</A> <A href="/wiki/China_Open_(snooker)" title="China Open (snooker)">China Open for Snooker</A> (annually since 2005), <A href="/wiki/Union_Cycliste_Internationale" title="Union Cycliste Internationale">Union Cycliste Internationale</A> <A href="/wiki/Tour_of_Beijing" title="Tour of Beijing">Tour of Beijing</A> (since <A href="/wiki/2011_Tour_of_Beijing" title="2011 Tour of Beijing">2011</A>), 1961 <A href="/wiki/World_Table_Tennis_Championships" title="World Table Tennis Championships">World Table Tennis Championships</A>, <A href="/wiki/1987_IBF_World_Championships" title="1987 IBF World Championships">1987 IBF Badminton World Championships</A>, the <A href="/wiki/2004_AFC_Asian_Cup" title="2004 AFC Asian Cup">2004 AFC Asian Cup</A> (football), and <A href="/wiki/2009_Barclays_Asia_Trophy" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Barclays Asia Trophy">2009 Barclays Asia Trophy</A> (football). Beijing hosted the <A href="/wiki/2015_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2015 World Championships in Athletics">2015 IAAF World Championships in Athletics</A>.</P>
<P>Beijing's <A href="/wiki/LeSports_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="LeSports Center">LeSports Center</A> will be one of the main venues for the <A href="/wiki/2019_FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup" title="2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup">2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-159">[157]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The city hosted the second <A href="/wiki/National_Games_of_China" title="National Games of China">Chinese National Games</A> in 1914 and the first four <A href="/wiki/National_Games_of_China" title="National Games of China">National Games of China</A> in 1959, 1965, 1975, 1979, respectively, and co-hosted the 1993 National Games with <A href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</A> and <A href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</A>. Beijing also hosted the inaugural <A href="/wiki/National_Peasants%27_Games" title="National Peasants' Games">National Peasants' Games</A> in 1988 and the sixth National Minority Games in 1999.</P>
<P>In November 2013, Beijing made a <A href="/wiki/Beijing_bid_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics" title="Beijing bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics">bid</A> to host the <A href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Winter Olympics</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-160">[158]</A></SUP> On 31 July 2015, the International Olympic Committee awarded the 2022 Winter Olympics to the city.<SUP id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-161">[159]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Venues">Venues</SPAN></H3>
<P>Major sporting venues in the city include the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium" title="Beijing National Stadium">National Stadium</A>, also known as the "Birds' Nest",<SUP id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-162">[160]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-163">[161]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Beijing_National_Aquatics_Center" title="Beijing National Aquatics Center">National Aquatics Center</A>, also known as the "Water Cube", <A href="/wiki/Beijing_National_Indoor_Stadium" title="Beijing National Indoor Stadium">National Indoor Stadium</A>, all in the <A href="/wiki/Olympic_Green" title="Olympic Green">Olympic Green</A> to the north of downtown; the <A href="/wiki/MasterCard_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="MasterCard Center">MasterCard Center</A> at <A href="/wiki/Wukesong_Station" title="Wukesong Station">Wukesong</A> west of downtown; the <A href="/wiki/Workers_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers Stadium">Workers' Stadium</A> and <A href="/wiki/Workers_Indoor_Arena" title="Workers Indoor Arena">Workers' Arena</A> in <A href="/wiki/Sanlitun" title="Sanlitun">Sanlitun</A> just east of downtown and the <A href="/wiki/Capital_Indoor_Stadium" title="Capital Indoor Stadium">Capital Arena</A> in Baishiqiao, northeast of downtown. In addition, many universities in the city have their own sport facilities.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Clubs">Clubs</SPAN></H3>
<P>Professional sports teams based in Beijing include:</P>
<DIV class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;">
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<LI><A href="/wiki/China_Baseball_League" title="China Baseball League">China Baseball League</A>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Tigers" title="Beijing Tigers">Beijing Tigers</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Ducks" title="Beijing Ducks">Beijing Ducks</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beikong_Fly_Dragons" class="mw-redirect" title="Beikong Fly Dragons">Beikong Fly Dragons</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Women%27s_Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Women's Chinese Basketball Association">Women's Chinese Basketball Association</A>
<UL>
<LI>Beijing Shougang</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League" title="Kontinental Hockey League">Kontinental Hockey League</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/HC_Kunlun_Red_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="HC Kunlun Red Star">HC Kunlun Red Star</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Chinese_Super_League" title="Chinese Super League">Chinese Super League</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Guoan_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Guoan F.C.">Beijing Guoan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Renhe_F.C." title="Beijing Renhe F.C.">Beijing Renhe</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/China_League_One" title="China League One">China League One</A>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Enterprises_Group_F.C." title="Beijing Enterprises Group F.C.">Beijing BG</A></LI>
</UL>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/China_League_Two" title="China League Two">China League Two</A>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Institute_of_Technology_F.C." title="Beijing Institute of Technology F.C.">Beijing BIT</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chinese_Women%27s_National_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Women's National League">Chinese Women's National League</A>
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<LI>Beijing BG</LI>
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</LI>
</UL>
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<P>The <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Olympians" title="Beijing Olympians">Beijing Olympians</A> of the <A href="/wiki/American_Basketball_Association_(2000%E2%80%93present)" title="American Basketball Association (2000–present)">American Basketball Association</A>, formerly a <A href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</A> team, kept their name and maintained a roster of primarily Chinese players after moving to <A href="/wiki/Maywood,_California" title="Maywood, California">Maywood, California</A> in 2005.</P>
<P><A href="/wiki/China_Bandy_Federation" title="China Bandy Federation">China Bandy Federation</A> is based in Beijing, one of several cities in which the potential for <A href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">bandy</A> development is explored.<SUP id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-164">[162]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Transportation">Transportation</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Transport_in_Beijing" title="Transport in Beijing">Transport in Beijing</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:2017-Beijing_Mobike_Nuisance_2.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2017-Beijing_Mobike_Nuisance_2.jpg/220px-2017-Beijing_Mobike_Nuisance_2.jpg" width="220" height="241" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2017-Beijing_Mobike_Nuisance_2.jpg/330px-2017-Beijing_Mobike_Nuisance_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2017-Beijing_Mobike_Nuisance_2.jpg/440px-2017-Beijing_Mobike_Nuisance_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1261" /></A>
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Mobikes jamming sidewalks in Beijing</DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Beijingrailwaystation_night.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Beijingrailwaystation_night.jpg/220px-Beijingrailwaystation_night.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Beijingrailwaystation_night.jpg/330px-Beijingrailwaystation_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Beijingrailwaystation_night.jpg/440px-Beijingrailwaystation_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></A>
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<A href="/wiki/Beijing_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Railway Station">Beijing Railway Station</A>, one of several rail stations in the city</DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Modern_Beijing_Traffic.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Modern_Beijing_Traffic.jpg/220px-Modern_Beijing_Traffic.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Modern_Beijing_Traffic.jpg/330px-Modern_Beijing_Traffic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Modern_Beijing_Traffic.jpg/440px-Modern_Beijing_Traffic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></A>
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Traffic jam in the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_CBD" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing CBD">Beijing CBD</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Beijing_Capital_International_Airport_Terminal_3_Interior_20090818.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport_Terminal_3_Interior_20090818.jpg/220px-Beijing_Capital_International_Airport_Terminal_3_Interior_20090818.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport_Terminal_3_Interior_20090818.jpg/330px-Beijing_Capital_International_Airport_Terminal_3_Interior_20090818.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport_Terminal_3_Interior_20090818.jpg/440px-Beijing_Capital_International_Airport_Terminal_3_Interior_20090818.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></A>
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Terminal 3 of the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport" title="Beijing Capital International Airport">Beijing Capital International Airport</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Beijing_Metro_Type_SFM04.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Beijing_Metro_Type_SFM04.JPG/220px-Beijing_Metro_Type_SFM04.JPG" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Beijing_Metro_Type_SFM04.JPG/330px-Beijing_Metro_Type_SFM04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Beijing_Metro_Type_SFM04.JPG/440px-Beijing_Metro_Type_SFM04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></A>
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A <A href="/wiki/Line_1,_Beijing_Subway" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 1, Beijing Subway">Line 1</A> train on the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Subway" title="Beijing Subway">Beijing Subway</A>, which is among the longest and busiest <A href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</A> systems in the world.</DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:BK6150K_64669_20120317.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BK6150K_64669_20120317.jpg/220px-BK6150K_64669_20120317.jpg" width="220" height="138" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BK6150K_64669_20120317.jpg/330px-BK6150K_64669_20120317.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BK6150K_64669_20120317.jpg/440px-BK6150K_64669_20120317.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2000" /></A>
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An articulated <A href="/wiki/Beijing_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing bus">Beijing bus</A>.</DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Changan_Avenue_(4011960012).jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Changan_Avenue_%284011960012%29.jpg/220px-Changan_Avenue_%284011960012%29.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Changan_Avenue_%284011960012%29.jpg/330px-Changan_Avenue_%284011960012%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Changan_Avenue_%284011960012%29.jpg/440px-Changan_Avenue_%284011960012%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></A>
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Bicyclists during rush hour at the Chang'an Avenue.</DIV>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Beijingtrafficsign.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Beijingtrafficsign.jpg/220px-Beijingtrafficsign.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Beijingtrafficsign.jpg/330px-Beijingtrafficsign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Beijingtrafficsign.jpg/440px-Beijingtrafficsign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></A>
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Typical Beijing traffic signage found at intersections.</DIV>
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<P>Beijing is an important <A href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">transport hub</A> in <A href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North China</A> with five <A href="/wiki/Ring_roads_of_Beijing" title="Ring roads of Beijing">ring roads</A>, nine expressways, eleven National Highways, nine conventional railways, and two high-speed railways converging on the city.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Rail_and_high-speed_rail">Rail and high-speed rail</SPAN></H3>
<P>Beijing serves as a large rail hub in <A href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the People's Republic of China">China's railway network</A>. Ten conventional rail lines radiate from the city to: <A href="/wiki/Beijing-Shanghai_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing-Shanghai Railway">Shanghai (Jinghu Line)</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Guangzhou_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Guangzhou Railway">Guangzhou (Jingguang Line)</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Kowloon_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Kowloon Railway">Kowloon (Jingjiu Line)</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing-Harbin_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing-Harbin Railway">Harbin (Jingha Line)</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing-Baotou_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing-Baotou Railway">Baotou (Jingbao Line)</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing-Qinhuangdao_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing-Qinhuangdao Railway">Qinhuangdao (Jingqin Line)</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Chengde_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Chengde Railway">Chengde (Jingcheng Line)</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Tongliao_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Tongliao Railway">Tongliao, Inner Mongolia (Jingtong Line)</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Yuanping_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Yuanping Railway">Yuanping, Shanxi (Jingyuan Line)</A> and <A href="/wiki/Fengtai%E2%80%93Shacheng_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengtai–Shacheng Railway">Shacheng, Hebei (Fengsha Line)</A>. In addition, the <A href="/wiki/Datong%E2%80%93Qinhuangdao_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Datong–Qinhuangdao Railway">Datong–Qinhuangdao Railway</A> passes through the municipality to the north of the city.</P>
<P>Beijing also has three <A href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</A> lines: the <A href="/wiki/Beijing-Tianjin_Intercity_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway">Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway</A>, which opened in 2008; the <A href="/wiki/Beijing-Shanghai_High-Speed_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway">Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway</A>, which opened in 2011; and the <A href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Guangzhou%E2%80%93Shenzhen%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_High-Speed_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong High-Speed Railway">Beijing–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway</A>, which opened in 2012.</P>
<P>The city's main railway stations are the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Railway Station">Beijing Railway Station</A>, which opened in 1959; the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_West_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing West Railway Station">Beijing West Railway Station</A>, which opened in 1996; and the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_South_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing South Railway Station">Beijing South Railway Station</A>, which was rebuilt into the city's high-speed railway station in 2008. As of 1 July 2010, Beijing Railway Station had 173 trains arriving daily, Beijing West had 232 trains and Beijing South had 163. The <A href="/wiki/Beijing_North_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing North Railway Station">Beijing North Railway Station</A>, first built in 1909 and expanded in 2009, had 22 trains.</P>
<P>Smaller stations in the city including <A href="/wiki/Beijing_East_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing East Railway Station">Beijing East Railway Station</A> and <A href="/wiki/Qinghuayuan_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinghuayuan Railway Station">Qinghuayuan Railway Station</A> handle mainly commuter passenger traffic. The Fengtai Railway Station has been closed for renovation. In outlying suburbs and counties of Beijing, there are over 40 railway stations.<SUP id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-165">[163]</A></SUP></P>
<P>From Beijing, <A href="/wiki/Passenger_rail_transport_in_China" title="Passenger rail transport in China">direct passenger train service</A> is available to most large cities in China. International train service is available to <A href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</A>, Russia, <A href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</A> and <A href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</A>. Passenger trains in China are numbered according to their <A href="/wiki/Railroad_direction" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad direction">direction</A> in relation to Beijing.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Roads_and_expressways">Roads and expressways</SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <A href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Beijing" title="Expressways of Beijing">Expressways of Beijing</A> and <A href="/wiki/China_National_Highways_of_Beijing" title="China National Highways of Beijing">China National Highways of Beijing</A></DIV>
<P>Beijing is connected by road links to all parts of China as part of the National Trunk Road Network. Nine <A href="/wiki/Expressways_of_China" title="Expressways of China">expressways of China</A> serve Beijing, as do eleven <A href="/wiki/China_National_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="China National Highway">China National Highways</A>. Beijing's urban transport is dependent upon the five "<A href="/wiki/Ring_Roads_of_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring Roads of Beijing">ring roads</A>" that concentrically surround the city, with the <A href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</A> area marked as the geographical centre for the ring roads. The ring roads appear more rectangular than ring-shaped. There is no official "1st Ring Road". The <A href="/wiki/2nd_Ring_Road" title="2nd Ring Road">2nd Ring Road</A> is located in the inner city. Ring roads tend to resemble <A href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">expressways</A> progressively as they extend outwards, with the <A href="/wiki/5th_Ring_Road" title="5th Ring Road">5th</A> and <A href="/wiki/6th_Ring_Road" title="6th Ring Road">6th Ring Roads</A> being full-standard national expressways, linked to other roads only by interchanges. Expressways to other regions of China are generally accessible from the <A href="/wiki/3rd_Ring_Road_(Beijing)" title="3rd Ring Road (Beijing)">3rd Ring Road</A> outward. A final outer orbital, the <A href="/w/index.php?title=G95_Capital_Regional_Greater_Ring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G95 Capital Regional Greater Ring (page does not exist)">Capital Ring Expressway (G95)</A>, is being built and will extend into neighboring <A href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</A> and <A href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</A>.</P>
<P>Within the urban core, city streets generally follow the checkerboard pattern of the ancient capital. Many of Beijing's boulevards and streets with "inner" and "outer" are still named in relation to gates in the city wall, though most gates no longer stand. Traffic jams are a major concern. Even outside of rush hour, several roads still remain clogged with traffic.</P>
<P>Beijing's urban design layout further exacerbates transportation problems.<SUP id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-166">[164]</A></SUP> The authorities have introduced several bus lanes, which only public buses can use during rush hour. In the beginning of 2010, Beijing had 4 million registered automobiles.<SUP id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-167">[165]</A></SUP> By the end of 2010, the government forecast 5 million. In 2010, new car registrations in Beijing averaged 15,500 per week.<SUP id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-168">[166]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Towards the end of 2010, the city government announced a series of drastic measures to tackle traffic jams, including limiting the number of new license plates issued to passenger cars to 20,000 a month and barring cars with non-Beijing plates from entering areas within the Fifth Ring Road during rush hour.<SUP id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-169">[167]</A></SUP> More restrictive measures are also reserved during major events or heavily polluted weather.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Air">Air</SPAN></H3>
<P>Beijing's primary airport is the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport" title="Beijing Capital International Airport">Beijing Capital International Airport</A> (<A href="/wiki/IATA" class="mw-redirect" title="IATA">IATA</A>: PEK) about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of the city centre. The airport is the <A href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest airports by passenger traffic">second busiest airport in the world</A> after <A href="/wiki/Hartsfield-Jackson_Atlanta_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport">Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-ACI_aero_14-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ACI_aero-14">[14]</A></SUP> After renovations for the 2008 Olympics, the airport now boasts three terminals, with Terminal 3 being one of the largest in the world. Most domestic and nearly all international flights arrive at and depart from Capital Airport. It is the main hub for <A href="/wiki/Air_China" title="Air China">Air China</A> and a hub for <A href="/wiki/China_Southern" class="mw-redirect" title="China Southern">China Southern</A> and <A href="/wiki/Hainan_Airlines" title="Hainan Airlines">Hainan Airlines</A>. The airport links Beijing with almost every other Chinese city with regular air passenger service.</P>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/Airport_Expressway_(Beijing)" title="Airport Expressway (Beijing)">Airport Expressway</A> links the airport to central Beijing; it is a roughly 40-minute drive from the city centre during good traffic conditions. Prior to the 2008 Olympics, the <A href="/wiki/2nd_Airport_Expressway" title="2nd Airport Expressway">2nd Airport Expressway</A> was built to the airport, as well as a <A href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</A> system, which now connects to the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Subway" title="Beijing Subway">Beijing Subway</A>.</P>
<P>Other airports in the city include Liangxiang, <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Nanyuan_Airport" title="Beijing Nanyuan Airport">Nanyuan</A>, Xijiao, Shahe and Badaling. These airports are primarily for military use and are less well known to the public. Nanyuan serves as the hub for only one passenger airline. A second international airport, to be called <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Daxing_International_Airport" title="Beijing Daxing International Airport">Beijing Daxing International Airport</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-170">[168]</A></SUP> is currently being built in <A href="/wiki/Daxing_District" title="Daxing District">Daxing District</A>, and is expected to be open by September 2018.<SUP id="cite_ref-carnoc20160112_171-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-carnoc20160112-171">[169]</A></SUP></P>
<P>As of 1 January 2013<SUP class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beijing&action=edit">[update]</A></SUP>, tourists from 45 countries are permitted a 72-hour visa-free stay in Beijing. The 45 countries include Singapore, Japan, the United States, Canada, all EU and EEA countries (except Norway and Liechtenstein), Switzerland, Brazil, Argentina and Australia. The programme benefits transit and business travellers<SUP id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-172">[170]</A></SUP> with the 72 hours calculated starting from the moment visitors receive their transit stay permits rather than the time of their plane's arrival. Foreign visitors are not permitted to leave Beijing for other Chinese cities during the 72 hours.<SUP id="cite_ref-Beijing_173-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Beijing-173">[171]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Public_transit">Public transit</SPAN></H3>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Subway" title="Beijing Subway">Beijing Subway</A>, which began operating in 1969, now has 22 lines, 370 <A href="/wiki/List_of_Beijing_Subway_stations" title="List of Beijing Subway stations">stations</A>, and 608 km (378 mi) of <A href="/wiki/Line_length" title="Line length">lines</A>. It is the <A href="/wiki/List_of_metro_systems" title="List of metro systems">second longest subway system in the world</A> and <A href="/wiki/Metro_systems_by_annual_passenger_rides" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro systems by annual passenger rides">first in annual ridership</A> with 3.66 billion rides delivered in 2016. In 2013, with a flat fare of <A href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">¥</A>2.00 (0.31 <A href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</A>) per ride with unlimited transfers on all lines except the <A href="/wiki/Airport_Express,_Beijing_Subway" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport Express, Beijing Subway">Airport Express</A>, the subway was also the most affordable <A href="/wiki/Rapid_transit_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapid transit in China">rapid transit system in China</A>. The subway is undergoing rapid expansion and is expected to reach 30 lines, 450 stations, 1,050 kilometres (650 mi) in length by 2020. When fully implemented, 95% of residents inside the <A href="/wiki/4th_Ring_Road" title="4th Ring Road">Fourth Ring Road</A> will be able to walk to a station in 15 minutes.<SUP id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-174">[172]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Suburban_Railway" title="Beijing Suburban Railway">Beijing Suburban Railway</A> provides commuter rail service to outlying suburbs of the municipality.</P>
<P>On 28 December 2014, the Beijing Subway switched to a distance-based fare system from a fixed fare for all lines except the <A href="/wiki/Airport_Express,_Beijing_Subway" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport Express, Beijing Subway">Airport Express</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-english.cri.cn_175-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-english.cri.cn-175">[173]</A></SUP> Under the new system a trip under 6 <A href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</A> will cost <A href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">¥</A>3.00(0.49 USD), an additional <A href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">¥</A>1.00 will be added for the next 6 kilometres (3.7 miles) and the next 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) until the distance for the trip reaches 32 kilometres (20 miles).<SUP id="cite_ref-english.cri.cn_175-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-english.cri.cn-175">[173]</A></SUP> For every 20 kilometres (12 miles) after the original 32 kilometres (20 miles) an additional <A href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">¥</A>1.00 is added.<SUP id="cite_ref-english.cri.cn_175-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-english.cri.cn-175">[173]</A></SUP> For example, a 50 kilometres (31 miles) trip would cost <A href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">¥</A> 8.00.</P>
<P>There are nearly 1,000 <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Bus" title="Beijing Bus">public bus</A> and <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Tram_and_Trolleybus" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Tram and Trolleybus">trolleybus</A> lines in the city, including four <A href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</A> lines. Standard bus fares are as low as ¥1.00 when purchased with the <I><A href="/wiki/Yikatong" title="Yikatong">Yikatong</A></I> metrocard.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Taxi">Taxi</SPAN></H3>
<P>Metered <A href="/wiki/Taxicab" title="Taxicab">taxi</A> in Beijing start at ¥13 for the first 3 kilometres (1.9 mi), ¥2.3 <A href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</A> per additional 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) and ¥1 per ride fuel surcharge, not counting idling fees which are ¥2.3 (¥4.6 during rush hours of 7–9 am and 5–7 pm) per 5 minutes of standing or running at speeds lower than 12 kilometres per hour (7.5 mph) . Most taxis are <A href="/wiki/Hyundai_Elantra" title="Hyundai Elantra">Hyundai Elantras</A>, <A href="/wiki/Hyundai_Sonata" title="Hyundai Sonata">Hyundai Sonatas</A>, <A href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeots</A>, <A href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn" title="Citroën">Citroëns</A> and <A href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Jetta" title="Volkswagen Jetta">Volkswagen Jettas</A>. After 15 kilometres (9.3 mi), the base fare increases by 50% (but is only applied to the portion <I>over</I> that distance). Different companies have special colours combinations painted on their vehicles. Usually registered taxis have yellowish brown as basic hue, with another color of Prussian blue, hunter green, white, umber, tyrian purple, rufous, or sea green. Between 11 pm and 5 am, there is also a 20% fee increase. Rides over 15 km (9 mi) and between 23:00 and 06:00 incur both charges, for a total increase of 80%. Tolls during trip should be covered by customers and the costs of trips beyond Beijing city limits should be negotiated with the driver. The cost of unregistered taxis is also subject to negotiation with the driver.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Bicycles">Bicycles</SPAN></H3>
<P>Beijing has long been well known for the number of bicycles on its streets. Although the rise of motor traffic has created a great deal of congestion and bicycle use has declined, bicycles are still an important form of local transportation. Large numbers of cyclists can be seen on most roads in the city, and most of the main roads have dedicated <A href="/wiki/Bicycle_lanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle lanes">bicycle lanes</A>. Beijing is relatively flat, which makes cycling convenient. The rise of <A href="/wiki/Electric_bicycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric bicycles">electric bicycles</A> and <A href="/wiki/Electric_scooters" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric scooters">electric scooters</A>, which have similar speeds and use the same cycle lanes, may have brought about a revival in bicycle-speed two-wheeled transport. It is possible to cycle to most parts of the city. Because of the growing traffic congestion, the authorities have indicated more than once that they wish to encourage cycling, but it is not clear whether there is sufficient will to translate that into action on a significant scale.<SUP id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-176">[174]</A></SUP> Recently, cycling has seen a resurgence in popularity thanks to the emergence of a large number of dockless app based <A href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">bikeshares</A> such as <A href="/wiki/Mobike" title="Mobike">Mobike</A>, <A href="/wiki/Bluegogo" title="Bluegogo">Bluegogo</A> and <A href="/wiki/Ofo_(bike_sharing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofo (bike sharing)">Ofo</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-177">[175]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Defense_and_aerospace">Defense and aerospace</SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Korea_President_Park_China_Welcoming_Ceremony_20130627_01.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Korea_President_Park_China_Welcoming_Ceremony_20130627_01.jpg/220px-Korea_President_Park_China_Welcoming_Ceremony_20130627_01.jpg" width="220" height="140" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Korea_President_Park_China_Welcoming_Ceremony_20130627_01.jpg/330px-Korea_President_Park_China_Welcoming_Ceremony_20130627_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Korea_President_Park_China_Welcoming_Ceremony_20130627_01.jpg/440px-Korea_President_Park_China_Welcoming_Ceremony_20130627_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1478" data-file-height="941" /></A>
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<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Korea_President_Park_China_Welcoming_Ceremony_20130627_01.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Chinese President <A href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</A> and a military honor guard welcomes South Korean president <A href="/wiki/Park_Geun-hye" title="Park Geun-hye">Park Geun-hye</A> in June 2013.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>The command headquarters of China's military forces are based in Beijing. The <A href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</A>, the political organ in charge of the military, is housed inside the <A href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of National Defense</A>, located next to the <A href="/wiki/Military_Museum_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Revolution" title="Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution">Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution</A> in western Beijing. The <A href="/wiki/Second_Artillery_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Artillery Corps">Second Artillery Corps</A>, which controls the country's <A href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">strategic missile</A> and nuclear weapons, has its command in <A href="/wiki/Qinghe_Subdistrict,_Beijing" title="Qinghe Subdistrict, Beijing">Qinghe</A>, Haidian District. The headquarters of the <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Military_Region" title="Beijing Military Region">Beijing Military Region</A>, one of seven nationally, is based further west in Gaojing. The Beijing Military Region oversees the Beijing Garrisons as well as the <A href="/wiki/27th_Army_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="27th Army (People's Republic of China)">27th</A>, <A href="/wiki/38th_Army_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="38th Army (People's Republic of China)">38th</A> and <A href="/wiki/65th_Army_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="65th Army (People's Republic of China)">65th Armies</A>, which are based in Hebei.</P>
<P>Military institutions in Beijing also include academies and thinktanks such as the <A href="/wiki/PLA_National_Defence_University" title="PLA National Defence University">PLA National Defence University</A> and <A href="/wiki/PLA_Academy_of_Military_Science" title="PLA Academy of Military Science">Academy of Military Science</A>, military hospitals such as the <A href="/wiki/301_Military_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="301 Military Hospital">301</A>, 307 and the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, and army-affiliated cultural entities such as the 1 August Film Studios and the <A href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Naval_Song_and_Dance_Troupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese People's Liberation Army Naval Song and Dance Troupe">PLA Song and Dance Troupe</A>.</P>
<P>The <A href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">China National Space Administration</A>, which oversees country's <A href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">space program</A>, and several space-related state owned companies such as <A href="/wiki/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation" title="China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation">CASTC</A> and <A href="/wiki/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Industry_Corporation" title="China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation">CASIC</A> are all based in Beijing. The <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Aerospace_Command_and_Control_Center" title="Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center">Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center</A>, in Haidian District tracks the country's <A href="/wiki/Shenzhou_program" title="Shenzhou program">manned</A> and unmanned flight and other space exploration initiatives.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Nature_and_wildlife">Nature and wildlife</SPAN></H2>
<P>Beijing Municipality has 20 nature reserves that have a total area of 1,339.7 km<SUP>2</SUP> (517.3 sq mi).<SUP id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-178">[176]</A></SUP> The mountains to the west and north of the city are home to a number of protected wildlife species including <A href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</A>, <A href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat">leopard cat</A>, <A href="/wiki/Wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolf">wolf</A>, <A href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</A>, <A href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</A>, <A href="/wiki/Masked_palm_civet" title="Masked palm civet">masked palm civet</A>, <A href="/wiki/Raccoon_dog" title="Raccoon dog">raccoon dog</A>, <A href="/wiki/Hog_badger" title="Hog badger">hog badger</A>, <A href="/wiki/Siberian_weasel" title="Siberian weasel">Siberian weasel</A>, <A href="/wiki/Amur_hedgehog" title="Amur hedgehog">Amur hedgehog</A>, <A href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">roe deer</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Mandarin_rat_snake" title="Mandarin rat snake">mandarin rat snake</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-179">[177]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-180">[178]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-181">[179]</A></SUP> The Beijing Aquatic Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Center protects the <A href="/wiki/Chinese_giant_salamander" title="Chinese giant salamander">Chinese giant salamander</A>, <A href="/wiki/Amur_stickleback" title="Amur stickleback">Amur stickleback</A> and <A href="/wiki/Mandarin_duck" title="Mandarin duck">mandarin duck</A> on the Huaijiu and Huaisha Rivers in <A href="/wiki/Huairou_District" title="Huairou District">Huairou District</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-182">[180]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Milu_Yuan" title="Milu Yuan">Beijing Milu Park</A> south of the city is home to one of the largest herds of <A href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_David%27s_deer" title="Père David's deer">Père David's deer</A>, now extinct in the wild. The <A href="/wiki/Beijing_barbastelle" title="Beijing barbastelle">Beijing barbastelle</A>, a species of <A href="/wiki/Vesper_bat" title="Vesper bat">vesper bat</A> discovered in caves of <A href="/wiki/Fangshan_District" title="Fangshan District">Fangshan District</A> in 2001 and identified as a distinct species in 2007, is <A href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</A> to Beijing. The mountains of Fangshan are also habitat for the more common <A href="/wiki/Beijing_mouse-eared_bat" title="Beijing mouse-eared bat">Beijing mouse-eared bat</A>, <A href="/wiki/Large_myotis" title="Large myotis">large myotis</A>, <A href="/wiki/Greater_horseshoe_bat" title="Greater horseshoe bat">greater horseshoe bat</A> and <A href="/wiki/Rickett%27s_big-footed_bat" title="Rickett's big-footed bat">Rickett's big-footed bat</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-183">[181]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Each year, Beijing hosts 200-300 species of <A href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migratory birds</A> including the <A href="/wiki/Common_crane" title="Common crane">common crane</A>, <A href="/wiki/Black-headed_gull" title="Black-headed gull">black-headed gull</A>, <A href="/wiki/Swan" title="Swan">swan</A>, <A href="/wiki/Mallard" title="Mallard">mallard</A>, <A href="/wiki/Common_cuckoo" title="Common cuckoo">common cuckoo</A> and the endangered <A href="/wiki/Yellow-breasted_bunting" title="Yellow-breasted bunting">yellow-breasted bunting</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-184">[182]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-BJ_Evening_News_2016-10-30_185-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BJ_Evening_News_2016-10-30-185">[183]</A></SUP> In May 2016, Common cuckoos nesting in the wetlands of Cuihu (Haidian), Hanshiqiao (Shunyi), Yeyahu (Yanqing) were tagged and have been traced to far as <A href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</A>, <A href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</A> and <A href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-186">[184]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-187">[185]</A></SUP> In the fall of 2016, the Beijing Forest Police undertook a month-long campaign to crack down on illegal hunting and trapping of migratory birds for sale in local bird markets.<SUP id="cite_ref-BJ_Evening_News_2016-10-30_185-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BJ_Evening_News_2016-10-30-185">[183]</A></SUP> Over 1,000 rescued birds of protected species including <A href="/wiki/Streptopelia" title="Streptopelia">streptopelia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Eurasian_siskin" title="Eurasian siskin">Eurasian siskin</A>, <A href="/wiki/Crested_myna" title="Crested myna">crested myna</A>, <A href="/wiki/Coal_tit" title="Coal tit">coal tit</A> and <A href="/wiki/Great_tit" title="Great tit">great tit</A> were handed to the Beijing Wildlife Protection and Rescue Center for repatriation to the wild.<SUP id="cite_ref-BJ_Evening_News_2016-10-30_185-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-BJ_Evening_News_2016-10-30-185">[183]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-188">[186]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The city flowers are the <A href="/wiki/Rosa_chinensis" title="Rosa chinensis">Chinese rose</A> and <A href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum" title="Chrysanthemum">chrysanthemum</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-cityflowertree_189-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-cityflowertree-189">[187]</A></SUP> The city trees are the <A href="/wiki/Chinese_arborvitae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese arborvitae">Chinese arborvitae</A>, an evergreen in the <A href="/wiki/Cypress" title="Cypress">cypress</A> <A href="/wiki/Cupressaceae" title="Cupressaceae">family</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Pagoda_Tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagoda Tree">Pagoda Tree</A>, also called the Chinese scholar tree, a <A href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</A> tree of the <I><A href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</A></I> family.<SUP id="cite_ref-cityflowertree_189-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-cityflowertree-189">[187]</A></SUP> The oldest scholar tree in the city was planted in what is now <A href="/wiki/Beihai_Park" title="Beihai Park">Beihai Park</A> during the <A href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</A>, 1,300 years ago.<SUP id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-190">[188]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px">
<UL style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold">
<LI style="display:table-row"><SPAN style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><A href="/wiki/File:Beijing-name.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Beijing-name.svg/32px-Beijing-name.svg.png" width="32" height="17" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Beijing-name.svg/48px-Beijing-name.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Beijing-name.svg/64px-Beijing-name.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="174" /></A></SPAN><SPAN style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><A href="/wiki/Portal:Beijing" title="Portal:Beijing">Beijing portal</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI style="display:table-row"><SPAN style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><IMG alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="32" height="21" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></SPAN><SPAN style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><A href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</A></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets:_2001%E2%80%933000#001" title="List of minor planets: 2001–3000">2045 Peking</A>—the name of an asteroid</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_city_fortifications" title="Beijing city fortifications">Beijing city fortifications</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Historical capitals of China</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Large_Cities_Climate_Leadership_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Large Cities Climate Leadership Group">Large Cities Climate Leadership Group</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Beijing" title="List of hospitals in Beijing">List of hospitals in Beijing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Beijing">List of mayors of Beijing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</A></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-hist-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-hist_1-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-hist_1-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-hist_1-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-hist_1-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Government/Administration_region/t930369.htm">"Township divisions"</A>. the Official Website of tGovernment<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 July</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Township+divisions&rft.pub=the+Official+Website+of+tGovernment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebeijing.gov.cn%2FGovernment%2FAdministration_region%2Ft930369.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-mofcom-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-mofcom_2-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140526181645/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">"Doing Business in China – Survey"</A>. Ministry Of Commerce – People's Republic Of China. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">the original</A> on 26 May 2014<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 August</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doing+Business+in+China+%E2%80%93+Survey&rft.pub=Ministry+Of+Commerce+%E2%80%93+People%27s+Republic+Of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.mofcom.gov.cn%2Farticle%2Fzt_business%2Flanmub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-bulletin2017-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-bulletin2017_3-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180320110417/http://tjj.beijing.gov.cn/English/PR/201801/t20180125_391609.html"><BDI>Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics and NBS Survey Office in Beijing</BDI></A>. Beijing Bureau of Statistics. 25 January 2018. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tjj.beijing.gov.cn/English/PR/201801/t20180125_391609.html">the original</A> on 20 March 2018<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">20 March</SPAN> 2018</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beijing+Municipal+Bureau+of+Statistics+and+NBS+Survey+Office+in+Beijing&rft.pub=Beijing+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftjj.beijing.gov.cn%2FEnglish%2FPR%2F201801%2Ft20180125_391609.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-oecd2015-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-oecd2015_4-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-oecd2015_4-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en#page39"><I>OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015, OECD READ edition</I></A>. <I>OECD iLibrary</I>. <A href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">OECD</A>. 18 April 2015. p. 37. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1787%2F9789264230040-en">10.1787/9789264230040-en</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789264230033" title="Special:BookSources/9789264230033">9789264230033</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2306-9341">2306-9341</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OECD+Urban+Policy+Reviews%3A+China+2015%2C+OECD+READ+edition&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=OECD&rft.date=2015-04-18&rft.issn=2306-9341&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1787%2F9789264230040-en&rft.isbn=9789264230033&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keepeek.com%2FDigital-Asset-Management%2Foecd%2Furban-rural-and-regional-development%2Foecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en%23page39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN>Linked from the OECD <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/china/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015-9789264230040-en.htm">here</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.people.com.cn/money/GB/16930408.html">"2011年北京人均可支配收入3.29万 实际增长7.2%"</A>. People.com.cn. 20 January 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 February</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011%E5%B9%B4%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%8F%AF%E6%94%AF%E9%85%8D%E6%94%B6%E5%85%A53.29%E4%B8%87+%E5%AE%9E%E9%99%85%E5%A2%9E%E9%95%BF7.2%25&rft.pub=People.com.cn&rft.date=2012-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinance.people.com.cn%2Fmoney%2FGB%2F16930408.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=85&pr1.y=11&c=924&s=PPPEX&grp=0&a=">http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=85&pr1.y=11&c=924&s=PPPEX&grp=0&a=</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2013_report-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2013_report_7-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cn.undp.org/content/dam/china/docs/Publications/UNDP-CH-HD-Publication-NHDR_2013_EN_final.pdf"><BDI lang="zh">《2013中国人类发展报告》</BDI></A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN> (in Chinese). <A href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</A> China. 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 January</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A2013%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%E3%80%8B&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme+China&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cn.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fchina%2Fdocs%2FPublications%2FUNDP-CH-HD-Publication-NHDR_2013_EN_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-8"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Loaned earlier via French "Pékin".</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Beijing">"Beijing"</A>. <I>Merriam-Webster.com</I>. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">29 August</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com&rft.atitle=Beijing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FBeijing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation"><I>China Postal Album: Showing the Postal Establishments and Postal Routes in Each Province,</I> 1st ed., Shanghai: Directorate General of Posts, 1907</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+Postal+Album%3A+Showing+the+Postal+Establishments+and+Postal+Routes+in+Each+Province%2C+1st+ed.&rft.place=Shanghai&rft.pub=Directorate+General+of+Posts&rft.date=1907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-figures-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-figures_11-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Figures based on 2006 statistics published in 2007 National Statistical Yearbook of China and available online at <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinapop.gov.cn/wxzl/rkgk/200806/t20080629_157020.htm">2006年中国乡村人口数 中国人口与发展研究中心</A> (<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090310163630/http://www.chinapop.gov.cn/wxzl/rkgk/200806/t20080629_157020.htm">archive</A>). Retrieved 21 April 2009.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-basic-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-basic_12-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120313225759/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/esite/bjsq/jbqk/">"Basic Information"</A>. Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/esite/bjsq/jbqk/">the original</A> on 13 March 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">9 February</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basic+Information&rft.pub=Beijing+Municipal+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjstats.gov.cn%2Fesite%2Fbjsq%2Fjbqk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-columbia_encyclopaedia-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-columbia_encyclopaedia_13-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-columbia_encyclopaedia_13-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-columbia_encyclopaedia_13-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation encyclopaedia"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Beijing.aspx">"Beijing"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_Columbia_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Columbia Encyclopedia">The Columbia Encyclopedia</A></I> (6th ed.). 2008.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beijing&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Encyclopedia&rft.edition=6th&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Ftopic%2FBeijing.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-ACI_aero-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-ACI_aero_14-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-ACI_aero_14-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/Passenger-Summary/Year-to-date">"Year to date Passenger Traffic"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Airports_Council_International" title="Airports Council International">Airports Council International</A>. 23 June 2014<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">26 June</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Year+to+date+Passenger+Traffic&rft.pub=Airports+Council+International&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aci.aero%2FData-Centre%2FMonthly-Traffic-Data%2FPassenger-Summary%2FYear-to-date&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-15"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation encyclopaedia">"Peking (Beijing)". <I>Encyclopædia Britannica</I>. <B>25</B> (<A href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica#Edition_summary" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">15th edition</A>, <I><A href="/wiki/Macrop%C3%A6dia" title="Macropædia">Macropædia</A></I> ed.). p. 468.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Peking+%28Beijing%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=468&rft.edition=15th+edition%2C+%27%27Macrop%C3%A6dia%27%27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Top_Ten_Cities_By_Population_Throughout_History-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Top_Ten_Cities_By_Population_Throughout_History_16-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thingsmadethinkable.com/item/top_ten_cities_through_history.php">"Top Ten Cities Through History"</A>. <A href="/w/index.php?title=Things_made_unthinkable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Things made unthinkable (page does not exist)">things made unthinkable</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">28 November</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+Ten+Cities+Through+History&rft.pub=things+made+unthinkable&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thingsmadethinkable.com%2Fitem%2Ftop_ten_cities_through_history.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-world_book-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-world_book_17-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-world_book_17-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldbookonline.com/wb/Login?ed=wb">"Beijing"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/World_Book_Encyclopedia" title="World Book Encyclopedia">World Book Encyclopedia</A>. 2008</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">7 August</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Book+Encyclopedia.+2008&rft.atitle=Beijing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldbookonline.com%2Fwb%2FLogin%3Fed%3Dwb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-britannica-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-britannica_18-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/448956/Beijing">"Beijing"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</A>. Encyclopædia Britannica Online</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">3 August</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica.+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.atitle=Beijing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F448956%2FBeijing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-19"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beijingww.qianlong.com/1470/2014/08/18/Zt290@228841.htm">走进北京七大世界文化遗产--千龙网</A> 18 August 2014</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-20"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/2022-winter-olympics_55bb4805e4b06363d5a1aa34">"IOC: Beijing To Host 2022 Winter Olympics"</A>. <I>The Huffington Post</I>. Associated Press. 31 July 2015<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 August</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=IOC%3A+Beijing+To+Host+2022+Winter+Olympics&rft.date=2015-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2F2022-winter-olympics_55bb4805e4b06363d5a1aa34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Beijing's_Universities-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Beijing's_Universities_21-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaokao.com/e/20150522/555e867ac971b.shtml">"2015年北京市高校名单（共91所）"</A>. <A href="/w/index.php?title=Gaokao.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaokao.com (page does not exist)">gaokao.com</A>. 22 May 2015<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">29 November</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2015%E5%B9%B4%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E9%AB%98%E6%A0%A1%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95%EF%BC%88%E5%85%B191%E6%89%80%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=gaokao.com&rft.date=2015-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaokao.com%2Fe%2F20150522%2F555e867ac971b.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-University_Rankings-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-University_Rankings_22-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/china">"Best Global Universities in China"</A>. <A href="/wiki/US_News" class="mw-redirect" title="US News">US News</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">28 November</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Best+Global+Universities+in+China&rft.pub=US+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fbest-global-universities%2Fchina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Beijing_International-23"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Beijing_International_23-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/BeijingInformation/BeijingNewsUpdate/t1399744.htm">"Beijing has most Fortune 500 global HQs"</A>. <A href="/w/index.php?title=Beijing_Municipal_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beijing Municipal Government (page does not exist)">Beijing Municipal Government</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">27 November</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beijing+has+most+Fortune+500+global+HQs&rft.pub=Beijing+Municipal+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebeijing.gov.cn%2FBeijingInformation%2FBeijingNewsUpdate%2Ft1399744.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Fortune-24"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Fortune_24-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beta.fortune.com/global500/">"Fortune Global 500"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">27 November</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fortune+Global+500&rft.pub=Fortune&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeta.fortune.com%2Fglobal500%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-China's_Silicon_Valley-25"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-China's_Silicon_Valley_25-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.startupgrind.com/blog/china-startup-report-zhongguancun-beijing-chinas-silicon-valley-part-4-of-5/">"Startup Grind"</A>. Startup Grind<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">30 November</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Startup+Grind&rft.pub=Startup+Grind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.startupgrind.com%2Fblog%2Fchina-startup-report-zhongguancun-beijing-chinas-silicon-valley-part-4-of-5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-26"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-26"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Nylander, Johan (15 November 2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atimes.com/article/beijing-best-asian-city-make-money-expats-say/">"Beijing best Asian city to make money, expats say"</A>. <I>www.atimes.com</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">25 November</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.atimes.com&rft.atitle=Beijing+best+Asian+city+to+make+money%2C+expats+say&rft.date=2016-11-15&rft.aulast=Nylander&rft.aufirst=Johan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Farticle%2Fbeijing-best-asian-city-make-money-expats-say%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Expat_Arrivals-27"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Expat_Arrivals_27-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expatarrivals.com/china/beijing/areas-and-suburbs-in-beijing">"Areas and suburbs in Beijing"</A>. <A href="/w/index.php?title=Expat_Arrivals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expat Arrivals (page does not exist)">Expat Arrivals</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">28 November</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Areas+and+suburbs+in+Beijing&rft.pub=Expat+Arrivals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expatarrivals.com%2Fchina%2Fbeijing%2Fareas-and-suburbs-in-beijing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-minggov-28"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-minggov_28-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-minggov_28-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Hucker, Charles O. "<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2718619">Governmental Organization of The Ming Dynasty</A>", p. 5–6. <I>Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies</I>, Vol. 21 (Dec. 1958). Harvard-Yenching Institute. Retrieved 20 October 2012.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-29"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-29"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Lane Harris (2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/tcc/summary/v034/34.1.harris.html">"A 'Lasting Boon to All': A Note on the Postal Romanization of Place Names, 1896–1949"</A>. <I>Twentieth Century China</I>. <B>34</B> (1): 96–109. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1353%2Ftcc.0.0007">10.1353/tcc.0.0007</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Twentieth+Century+China&rft.atitle=A+%27Lasting+Boon+to+All%27%3A+A+Note+on+the+Postal+Romanization+of+Place+Names%2C+1896%E2%80%931949&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=96-109&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Ftcc.0.0007&rft.au=Lane+Harris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fjournals%2Ftcc%2Fsummary%2Fv034%2F34.1.harris.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-BaxSag-30"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-BaxSag_30-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Baxter, Wm. H. & Sagart, Laurent. <I><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927141238/http://crlao.ehess.fr/docannexe.php?id=1207">"Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction"</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crlao.ehess.fr/docannexe.php?id=1207">the original</A> on 27 September 2013.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baxter%E2%80%93Sagart+Old+Chinese+Reconstruction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcrlao.ehess.fr%2Fdocannexe.php%3Fid%3D1207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(1.93 MB)</SPAN></I>, p. 63. 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-31"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-31"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Coblin, W. South. "A Brief History of Mandarin". <I>Journal of the American Oriental Society</I> 120, no. 4 (2000): 537–52.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-32"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-32"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="/wiki/Standardization_Administration_of_China" title="Standardization Administration of China">Standardization Administration of China</A> (SAC). "<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~chgis/work/design/chinastdb_1210.doc">GB/T-2260: Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China</A>."</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-33"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-33"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/ext/field/beijing/whc/pkm-site.htm">"The Peking Man World Heritage Site at Zhoukoudian"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Peking+Man+World+Heritage+Site+at+Zhoukoudian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fext%2Ffield%2Fbeijing%2Fwhc%2Fpkm-site.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-autogenerated1-34"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_34-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://china.org.cn/english/features/beijing/30785.htm">"Beijing's History"</A>. China Internet Information Center. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080501152800/http://www1.china.org.cn/english/features/beijing/30785.htm">Archived</A> from the original on 1 May 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">1 May</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beijing%27s+History&rft.pub=China+Internet+Information+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchina.org.cn%2Fenglish%2Ffeatures%2Fbeijing%2F30785.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-35"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-35"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Haw, Stephen. <I>Beijing: A Concise History</I>. Routledge, 2007. p. 136.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Rene-36"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Rene_36-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Grousset, Rene (1970). <I>The Empire of the Steppes</I>. Rutgers University Press. p. 58. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-1304-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-1304-9">0-8135-1304-9</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Empire+of+the+Steppes&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-8135-1304-9&rft.aulast=Grousset&rft.aufirst=Rene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-economist-37"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-economist_37-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-economist_37-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-economist_37-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070522144445/http://www.economist.com/cities/findstory.cfm?city_id=BJS&folder=Facts-History">"Beijing – Historical Background"</A>. <I>The Economist</I>. 2007. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/cities/findstory.cfm?city_id=BJS&folder=Facts-History">the original</A> on 22 May 2007.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Beijing+%E2%80%93+Historical+Background&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fcities%2Ffindstory.cfm%3Fcity_id%3DBJS%26folder%3DFacts-History&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-38"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-38"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Brian Hook, <I>Beijing and Tianjin: Towards a Millennial Megalopolis</I>, p. 2</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-39"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-39"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuniu.com/places/17645"><BDI lang="zh">元大都土城遗址公园</BDI></A>. <I>Tuniu.com</I> (in Chinese)<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 June</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tuniu.com&rft.atitle=%E5%85%83%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%9F%E5%9F%8E%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tuniu.com%2Fplaces%2F17645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-patbu-40"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-patbu_40-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-66991-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-66991-X">0-521-66991-X</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-41"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-41"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007">Li, Dray-Novey & Kong 2007</A>, p. 23</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-WDL1-42"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-WDL1_42-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4451">"An Illustrated Survey of Dikes and Dams in Jianghan Region"</A>. <A href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">9 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Illustrated+Survey+of+Dikes+and+Dams+in+Jianghan+Region&rft.pub=World+Digital+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F4451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-43"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-43"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/kuaixun/75120.htm">"The Temple of Heaven"</A>. <I>China.org</I>. 13 April 2001. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080620072750/http://www.china.org.cn/english/kuaixun/75120.htm">Archived</A> from the original on 20 June 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">14 June</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China.org&rft.atitle=The+Temple+of+Heaven&rft.date=2001-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fenglish%2Fkuaixun%2F75120.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Hymes-44"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Hymes_44-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Robert Hymes (2000). John Stewart Bowman, ed. <I>Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture</I>. Columbia University Press. p. 42. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11004-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11004-4">978-0-231-11004-4</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Columbia+Chronologies+of+Asian+History+and+Culture&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11004-4&rft.au=Robert+Hymes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-45"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-45"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050503175902/http://www.btmbeijing.com/contents/en/btm/2003-02/knowyourbeijing/ming">"Renewal of Ming Dynasty City Wall"</A>. <I>Beijing This Month</I>. 1 February 2003. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btmbeijing.com/contents/en/btm/2003-02/knowyourbeijing/ming">the original</A> on 3 May 2005<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">14 June</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beijing+This+Month&rft.atitle=Renewal+of+Ming+Dynasty+City+Wall&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btmbeijing.com%2Fcontents%2Fen%2Fbtm%2F2003-02%2Fknowyourbeijing%2Fming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-46"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-46"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Rosenburg, Matt T. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm">"Largest Cities Through History"</A>. <A href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 July</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Largest+Cities+Through+History&rft.pub=About.com&rft.aulast=Rosenburg&rft.aufirst=Matt+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Flibrary%2Fweekly%2Faa011201a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-47"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-47"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007">Li, Dray-Novey & Kong 2007</A>, p. 33</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-britannica_ming_qing-48"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-britannica_ming_qing_48-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation encyclopaedia"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/448956/Beijing/14708/Centuries-of-growth#toc=toc14709">"Beijing – History – The Ming and Qing Dynasties"</A>. <I>Britannica Online Encyclopedia</I>. 2008.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beijing+%E2%80%93+History+%E2%80%93+The+Ming+and+Qing+Dynasties&rft.btitle=Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F448956%2FBeijing%2F14708%2FCenturies-of-growth%23toc%3Dtoc14709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-49"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-49"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFElliott2001">Elliott 2001</A>, p. 98</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-50"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-50"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007">Li, Dray-Novey & Kong 2007</A>, pp. 119–120</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-51"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-51"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007">Li, Dray-Novey & Kong 2007</A>, pp. 133–134</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-52"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-52"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFMacKerrasYorke1991">MacKerras & Yorke 1991</A>, p. 8</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-53"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-53"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-06/27/content_3141055.htm">"Incident on 7 July 1937"</A>. Xinhua News Agency. 27 June 2005<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">20 June</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Incident+on+7+July+1937&rft.pub=Xinhua+News+Agency&rft.date=2005-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2005-06%2F27%2Fcontent_3141055.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-54"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-54"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007">Li, Dray-Novey & Kong 2007</A>, p. 166</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-55"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-55"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Cheung, Andrew (1995). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071023222730/http://www.indiana.edu/~easc/resources/working_paper/noframe_6a_sloga.htm">"Slogans, Symbols, and Legitimacy: The Case of Wang Jingwei's Nanjing Regime"</A>. Indiana University. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiana.edu/~easc/resources/working_paper/noframe_6a_sloga.htm">the original</A> on 23 October 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">20 June</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slogans%2C+Symbols%2C+and+Legitimacy%3A+The+Case+of+Wang+Jingwei%27s+Nanjing+Regime&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Cheung&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiana.edu%2F~easc%2Fresources%2Fworking_paper%2Fnoframe_6a_sloga.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-56"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-56"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007">Li, Dray-Novey & Kong 2007</A>, p. 168</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-57"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-57"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/85039/14329784.html">" "毛主席八次接见红卫兵的组织工作" <I>中国共产党新闻网</I></A> 7 April 2011 <SPAN class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-58"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-58"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007">Li, Dray-Novey & Kong 2007</A>, p. 217</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-59"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-59"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007">Li, Dray-Novey & Kong 2007</A>, p. 255</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-60"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-60"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007">Li, Dray-Novey & Kong 2007</A>, p. 252</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-61"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-61"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007">Li, Dray-Novey & Kong 2007</A>, p. 149</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-62"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-62"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007">Li, Dray-Novey & Kong 2007</A>, pp. 249–250</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-63"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-63"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007">Li, Dray-Novey & Kong 2007</A>, pp. 255–256</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-BBC_News-64"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_64-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4313282.stm">Picture Power:Tiananmen Standoff</A> BBC News.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-65"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-65"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/beijing/election_uk.asp">"Election"</A>. IOC. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080606065803/http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/beijing/election_uk.asp">Archived</A> from the original on 6 June 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 June</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Election&rft.pub=IOC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fuk%2Fgames%2Fbeijing%2Felection_uk.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-66"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-66"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=M2TvFN9DmqkC&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=%22sino-sov%22+%2Barchitecture"><I>Business Buide to Beijing and North-East China</I></A> (2006–2007 ed.). Hong Kong: China Briefing Media. 2006. p. 108. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/988-98673-3-8" title="Special:BookSources/988-98673-3-8">988-98673-3-8</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 July</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Business+Buide+to+Beijing+and+North-East+China&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pages=108&rft.edition=2006%E2%80%932007&rft.pub=China+Briefing+Media&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=988-98673-3-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DM2TvFN9DmqkC%26pg%3DPA108%26lpg%3DPA108%26dq%3D%2522sino-sov%2522%2B%252Barchitecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-67"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-67"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Shen, Wei (16 February 2004). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-02/16/content_306506.htm">"Chorography to record rise and fall of Beijing's Hutongs"</A>. <I>China Daily</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">27 June</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft.atitle=Chorography+to+record+rise+and+fall+of+Beijing%27s+Hutongs&rft.date=2004-02-16&rft.aulast=Shen&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fenglish%2Fdoc%2F2004-02%2F16%2Fcontent_306506.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-68"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-68"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Amy Stone (Spring 2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110519103106/http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=1160">"Farewell to the Hutongs: Urban Development in Beijing"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Dissent_(American_magazine)" title="Dissent (American magazine)"><I>Dissent</I> magazine</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=1160">the original</A> on 19 May 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">14 July</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Farewell+to+the+Hutongs%3A+Urban+Development+in+Beijing&rft.pub=%27%27Dissent%27%27+magazine&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Amy+Stone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dissentmagazine.org%2Farticle%2F%3Farticle%3D1160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-69"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-69"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007">Li, Dray-Novey & Kong 2007</A>, p. 253</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-70"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-70"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Gallagher, Sean (6 December 2006). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/arts-photography/hutong_destruction_3632.jsp">"Beijing's urban makeover: the 'hutong' destruction"</A>. <I>Open Democracy</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">27 June</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Democracy&rft.atitle=Beijing%27s+urban+makeover%3A+the+%27hutong%27+destruction&rft.date=2006-12-06&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Farts-photography%2Fhutong_destruction_3632.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-people's_daily-71"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-people's_daily_71-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.people.com.cn/data/province/beijing.html">"Beijing"</A>. <I>People's Daily</I>. March 2001. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080518043113/http://english.people.com.cn/data/province/beijing.html">Archived</A> from the original on 18 May 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 June</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=Beijing&rft.date=2001-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.people.com.cn%2Fdata%2Fprovince%2Fbeijing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-72"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-72"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130318113757/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger">"Archived copy"</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag%3DdataLogger">the original</A> on 18 March 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">18 February</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdc.cma.gov.cn%2FdataSetLogger.do%3FchangeFlag%253DdataLogger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Mherrera-73"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Mherrera_73-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Mherrera_73-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm">"Extreme Temperatures Around the World"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-02-21</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extreme+Temperatures+Around+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mherrera.org%2Ftemp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-CMA-74"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-CMA_74-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3"><BDI lang="zh">中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）</BDI></A> (in Chinese). <A href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2010-05-04</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%AB%99%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%80%BC%E6%9C%88%E5%80%BC%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%9B%86%EF%BC%881971%EF%BC%8D2000%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold-cdc.cma.gov.cn%2Fshuju%2Fsearch1.jsp%3Fdsid%3DSURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES%26tpcat%3DSURF%26type%3Dtable%26pageid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-75"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-75"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger">"Beijing"</A>. China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. December 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">January 1,</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Data+Sharing+Service+System&rft.date=2013-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdc.cma.gov.cn%2FdataSetLogger.do%3FchangeFlag%3DdataLogger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-76"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-76"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Burt, Christopher C. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=278">"UPDATE June 1: Record May Heat Wave in Northeast China, Koreas"</A>. Wunderground<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-06-01</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UPDATE+June+1%3A+Record+May+Heat+Wave+in+Northeast+China%2C+Koreas&rft.pub=Wunderground&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=Christopher+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wunderground.com%2Fblog%2Fweatherhistorian%2Fcomment.html%3Fentrynum%3D278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-77"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-77"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="/wiki/J._R._McNeill" title="J. R. McNeill">J. R. McNeill</A>, <I>Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the 20th-Century World</I>. New York: Norton, 2000, <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-029509-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-029509-2">978-0-14-029509-2</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-78"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-78"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="/wiki/Mark_Z._Jacobson" title="Mark Z. Jacobson">Mark Z. Jacobson</A>, Son V. Nghiem, Alessandro Sorichetta, Natasha Whitney, <I>Ring of impact from the mega-urbanization of Beijing between 2000 and 2009</I>. In: <I><A href="/wiki/Journal_of_Geophysical_Research" title="Journal of Geophysical Research">Journal of Geophysical Research</A>: Atmospheres</I> 120, Issue 12, (2015), 5740–5756, <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F2014JD023008">10.1002/2014JD023008</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-79"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-79"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Peter Sheehan, Enjiang Cheng, Alex English, Fanghong Sun, <I>China's response to the air pollution shock</I>. In: <I><A href="/wiki/Nature_Climate_Change" title="Nature Climate Change">Nature Climate Change</A></I> 4, (2014), 306–309, <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnclimate2197">10.1038/nclimate2197</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-80"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-80"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">David G. Streetsa, Joshua S. Fub, Carey J. Jangc, Jiming Haod, Kebin Hed, Xiaoyan Tange, Yuanhang Zhange, Zifa Wangf, Zuopan Lib, Qiang Zhanga, Litao Wangd, Binyu Wangc, Carolyne Yua, Air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games <<A rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724181603/http://www.cee.mtu.edu/~reh/papers/pubs/non_Honrath/streets07.pdf">[1]</A>> accessed 23 April 2012</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-sundance-81"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-sundance_81-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-sundance_81-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320014244/http://www.sundancechannel.com/sunfiltered/2008/08/green-olympics-effort-draws-un-environment-chief-to-beijing/">"Green Olympics Effort Draws UN Environment Chief to Beijing"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Sundance_Channel_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundance Channel (United States)">Sundance Channel</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundancechannel.com/sunfiltered/2008/08/green-olympics-effort-draws-un-environment-chief-to-beijing/">the original</A> on 20 March 2012.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Green+Olympics+Effort+Draws+UN+Environment+Chief+to+Beijing&rft.pub=Sundance+Channel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sundancechannel.com%2Fsunfiltered%2F2008%2F08%2Fgreen-olympics-effort-draws-un-environment-chief-to-beijing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-82"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-82"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7246955.stm">"Beijing petrol stations to close"</A>. BBC News. 15 February 2008. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080218153943/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7246955.stm">Archived</A> from the original on 18 February 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 February</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Beijing+petrol+stations+to+close&rft.date=2008-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F7246955.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-83"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-83"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Yardley, Jim (24 January 2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/24/world/asia/24beijing.html">"Smoggy Beijing Plans to Cut Traffic by Half for Olympics, Paper Says"</A>. <I>New York Times</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 July</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Smoggy+Beijing+Plans+to+Cut+Traffic+by+Half+for+Olympics%2C+Paper+Says&rft.date=2008-01-24&rft.aulast=Yardley&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F01%2F24%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F24beijing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-octpoll-84"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-octpoll_84-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-09/28/content_10126448.htm">"Post-Olympics Beijing car restrictions to take effect next month"</A>. News.xinhuanet.com. 28 September 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">1 June</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Post-Olympics+Beijing+car+restrictions+to+take+effect+next+month&rft.pub=News.xinhuanet.com&rft.date=2008-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2008-09%2F28%2Fcontent_10126448.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-polluteban-85"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-polluteban_85-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090527141518/http://autonews.gasgoo.com/auto-news/1010598/Only-green-vehicles-permitted-to-enter-Beijing.html">"Only 'green' vehicles permitted to enter Beijing"</A>. Autonews.gasgoo.com. 22 May 2009. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://autonews.gasgoo.com/auto-news/1010598/Only-green-vehicles-permitted-to-enter-Beijing.html">the original</A> on 27 May 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">1 June</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Only+%27green%27+vehicles+permitted+to+enter+Beijing&rft.pub=Autonews.gasgoo.com&rft.date=2009-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fautonews.gasgoo.com%2Fauto-news%2F1010598%2FOnly-green-vehicles-permitted-to-enter-Beijing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-86"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-86"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100427051912/http://www.automotiveworld.com/news/emerging-markets/65589-china-beijing-launches-euro-4-standards">"China: Beijing launches Euro 4 standards"</A>. Automotiveworld.com. 4 January 2008. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.automotiveworld.com/AEM/content.asp?contentid=65589">the original</A> on 27 April 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">1 June</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%3A+Beijing+launches+Euro+4+standards&rft.pub=Automotiveworld.com&rft.date=2008-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.automotiveworld.com%2FAEM%2Fcontent.asp%3Fcontentid%3D65589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-MotherJones-87"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-MotherJones_87-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-MotherJones_87-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-MotherJones_87-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2013/01/beijing-coal-smog-crisis-chart">James West, <I>Mother Jones</I></A>. 18 January 2013.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-CNDaily20120308-88"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-CNDaily20120308_88-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-CNDaily20120308_88-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/china/NPC_CPPCC_2012/2012-03/08/content_24838378.htm">"Beijing to switch from coal to gas to go green". <I>China Daily</I></A>. 8 March 2012.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-SCMP20130205-89"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-SCMP20130205_89-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-SCMP20130205_89-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1143423/beijings-air-quality-will-worsen-without-coal-control-greenpeace-says">Li Jing, "Beijing's air quality will worsen without coal control, Greenpeace says". <I>South China Morning Post</I>. 5 February 2013</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-90"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-90"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">"Detecting the Heavy Metal Concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing", Greenpeace.org. 8 June 2013.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-ChinaDaily-91"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-ChinaDaily_91-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-ChinaDaily_91-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-ChinaDaily_91-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Chang, Lyu (24 March 2015). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/beijing/2015-03/24/content_19894259.htm">"Beijing shuts two more coal-fired power plants"</A>. <I>The China Daily</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">31 May</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+China+Daily&rft.atitle=Beijing+shuts+two+more+coal-fired+power+plants&rft.date=2015-03-24&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Lyu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fbeijing%2F2015-03%2F24%2Fcontent_19894259.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-92"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-92"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Stanway, David (23 July 2014). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/china-pollution-beijing-idUKL4N0PY3FF20140723">"Beijing shuts big coal-fired power plant to ease smog -Xinhua"</A>. Reuters<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">31 May</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Beijing+shuts+big+coal-fired+power+plant+to+ease+smog+-Xinhua&rft.date=2014-07-23&rft.aulast=Stanway&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fchina-pollution-beijing-idUKL4N0PY3FF20140723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-93"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-93"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Demick, Barbara (2 October 2009). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-fg-china-parade2-2009oct02,0,5892663.story">"Communist China celebrates 60th anniversary with instruments of war and words of peace"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</A></I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Communist+China+celebrates+60th+anniversary+with+instruments+of+war+and+words+of+peace&rft.date=2009-10-02&rft.aulast=Demick&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fnation%2Fla-fg-china-parade2-2009oct02%2C0%2C5892663.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-94"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-94"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Liu, Charles (12 May 2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenanfang.com/beijing-air-quality-quickly-deteriorates-september-3-parade/">"<SPAN style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</SPAN>Parade Blue" Joins "APEC Blue" as Distant Memories as Nasty Air Returns to Beijing"</A>. <I>The Nanfang</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nanfang&rft.atitle=%22Parade+Blue%22+Joins+%22APEC+Blue%22+as+Distant+Memories+as+Nasty+Air+Returns+to+Beijing&rft.date=2016-05-12&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenanfang.com%2Fbeijing-air-quality-quickly-deteriorates-september-3-parade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-95"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-95"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Wong, Edward (12 January 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/13/science/earth/beijing-air-pollution-off-the-charts.html">"Beijing Air Pollution Off the Charts"</A>. <I>The New York Times</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Beijing+Air+Pollution+Off+the+Charts&rft.date=2013-01-12&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F01%2F13%2Fscience%2Fearth%2Fbeijing-air-pollution-off-the-charts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-96"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-96"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Wong, Edward (9 December 2015). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/10/world/asia/beijing-air-pollution-red-alert.html">"As Beijing Shuts Down Over Smog Alert, Worse-Off Neighbors Carry On"</A>. <I>The New York Times</I>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">9 December</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=As+Beijing+Shuts+Down+Over+Smog+Alert%2C+Worse-Off+Neighbors+Carry+On&rft.date=2015-12-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F12%2F10%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fbeijing-air-pollution-red-alert.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-abc-2nd-red-97"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-abc-2nd-red_97-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-18/beijing-issues-second-red-alert-for-pollution/7042490?section=environment">"Beijing issues second red alert for choking smog"</A>. <I>ABC News</I>. ABC. 18 December 2015<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">18 December</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Beijing+issues+second+red+alert+for+choking+smog&rft.date=2015-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2015-12-18%2Fbeijing-issues-second-red-alert-for-pollution%2F7042490%3Fsection%3Denvironment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-98"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-98"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Reuters (22 November 2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atimes.com/article/beijing-ban-polluting-cars-smog-alerts/">"Beijing to ban polluting cars during smog alerts"</A>. <I>www.atimes.com</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2 December</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.atimes.com&rft.atitle=Beijing+to+ban+polluting+cars+during+smog+alerts&rft.date=2016-11-22&rft.au=Reuters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Farticle%2Fbeijing-ban-polluting-cars-smog-alerts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-99"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-99"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151229060137/http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/">"首页"</A>. Beijing Municipal Web. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjepb.gov.cn/">the original</A> on 29 December 2015.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5&rft.pub=Beijing+Municipal+Web&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjepb.gov.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Demick-100"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Demick_100-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Demick_100-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Barbara Demick (29 October 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2011/oct/29/world/la-fg-china-air-quality-20111030">"U.S. Embassy air quality data undercut China's own assessment"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</A></I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Embassy+air+quality+data+undercut+China%27s+own+assessment&rft.date=2011-10-29&rft.au=Barbara+Demick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2011%2Foct%2F29%2Fworld%2Fla-fg-china-air-quality-20111030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> (login required)</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-101"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-101"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12644965/from/RSS/">"China says it made rain to wash off sand"</A>. <A href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</A>. 5 May 2006<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 July</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China+says+it+made+rain+to+wash+off+sand&rft.date=2006-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.msn.com%2Fid%2F12644965%2Ffrom%2FRSS%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-102"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-102"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/asia-pacific/4915690.stm">"Beijing hit by eighth sandstorm"</A>. BBC News. 17 April 2006<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 July</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Beijing+hit+by+eighth+sandstorm&rft.date=2006-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2F4915690.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-103"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-103"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Weaver, Lisa Rose (4 April 2002). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113212753/http://cnnstudentnews.cnn.com/2002/WEATHER/04/03/dust.storm/">"More than a dust storm in a Chinese teacup"</A>. CNN. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnnstudentnews.cnn.com/2002/WEATHER/04/03/dust.storm/">the original</A> on 13 January 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">7 February</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+than+a+dust+storm+in+a+Chinese+teacup&rft.date=2002-04-04&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Lisa+Rose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnnstudentnews.cnn.com%2F2002%2FWEATHER%2F04%2F03%2Fdust.storm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-britannica_government-104"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-britannica_government_104-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation encyclopaedia"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/448956/Beijing/232381/Administration-and-society#toc=toc232382">"Beijing – Administration and society – Government"</A>. <I>Britannica Online Encyclopedia</I>. 2008.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beijing+%E2%80%93+Administration+and+society+%E2%80%93+Government&rft.btitle=Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F448956%2FBeijing%2F232381%2FAdministration-and-society%23toc%3Dtoc232382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-105"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-105"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/index.html">国家统计局统计用区划代码</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130405092331/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/index.html">Archived</A> 5 April 2013 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-106"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-106"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">《保定经济统计年鉴2011》</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-107"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-107"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">shi, Guo wu yuan ren kou pu cha ban gong; council, Guo jia tong ji ju ren kou he jiu ye tong ji si bian = Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the people's republic of China by township / compiled by Population census office under the state; population, Department of; statistics, employment statistics national bureau of (2012). <I>Zhongguo 2010 nian ren kou pu cha fen xiang, zhen, jie dao zi liao</I> (Di 1 ban. ed.). Beijing Shi: Zhongguo tong ji chu ban she. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6660-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6660-2">978-7-5037-6660-2</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zhongguo+2010+nian+ren+kou+pu+cha+fen+xiang%2C+zhen%2C+jie+dao+zi+liao&rft.place=Beijing+Shi&rft.edition=Di+1+ban.&rft.pub=Zhongguo+tong+ji+chu+ban+she&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2&rft.aulast=shi&rft.aufirst=Guo+wu+yuan+ren+kou+pu+cha+ban+gong&rft.au=council%2C+Guo+jia+tong+ji+ju+ren+kou+he+jiu+ye+tong+ji+si+bian+%3D+Tabulation+on+the+2010+population+census+of+the+people%27s+republic+of+China+by+township+%2F+compiled+by+Population+census+office+under+the+state&rft.au=population%2C+Department+of&rft.au=statistics%2C+employment+statistics+national+bureau+of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-108"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-108"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">《中国民政统计年鉴2012》</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Xinhuacourts-111"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Xinhuacourts_111-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Xinhuacourts_111-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Xinhuacourts_111-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Xinhuacourts_111-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bj.xinhuanet.com/jzzg/2013-08/06/c_116836392.htm">"北京市第三中级人民法院、北京市人民检察院第三分院同日成立" Xinhua</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130929133838/http://www.bj.xinhuanet.com/jzzg/2013-08/06/c_116836392.htm">Archived</A> 29 September 2013 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>. 6 August 2013</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-BJcourts-112"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-BJcourts_112-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bjgy.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2013/08/id/1043607.shtml">"北京市高级人民法院关于我市中级人民法院管辖调整有关问题的规定（暂行）"</A> 2 August 2013</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-SNA2008-113"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-SNA2008_113-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-SNA2008_113-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>Historical GDP of Beijing</I> published on Beijing Statistical Yearbook 2017, ALSO see <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/zwgk/tzgg/201710/t20171010_384290.html">Beijing'GDP Revison (Chinese)</A> (10 October 2017)</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-JLL-114"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-JLL_114-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ap.jll.com/asia-pacific/en-gb/Documents/Five_years_after_the_Olympics_EN.pdf">"Jones Lang LaSalle Research Report – Five years after the Olympics – Growth in Beijing has continued, what to expect next?"</A> August 2013</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-115"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-115"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><B>Purchasing power parity</B> (PPP) for Chinese yuan is estimate according to <A href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</A> <I><B><A href="/wiki/World_Economic_Outlook" title="World Economic Outlook">WEO</A></B></I> (<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28"><B>October 2017</B></A>) data; Exchange rate of CN￥ to US$ is according to State Administration of Foreign Exchange, published on <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualData/"><I>China Statistical Yearbook</I></A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2013_Beijing_Stats-116"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-6"><SUP><I><B>g</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-7"><SUP><I><B>h</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-8"><SUP><I><B>i</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-9"><SUP><I><B>j</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-10"><SUP><I><B>k</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-11"><SUP><I><B>l</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2013_Beijing_Stats_116-12"><SUP><I><B>m</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140310101546/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/xwgb/tjgb/ndgb/201402/t20140213_267744.htm">国家统计局北京调查总队, "北京市2013年国民经济和社会发展统计公报", 北京市统计局</A> 13 February 2014</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-117"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-117"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinanews.com/ny/2010/11-17/2660474.shtml">北京五年淘汰140余家"三高"企业 北京商报</A> 17 November 2010</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-118"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-118"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200510/23/eng20051023_216163.html">"Capital Steel opens new branch to step up eastward relocation"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</A> Online</I>. 23 October 2005.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily+Online&rft.atitle=Capital+Steel+opens+new+branch+to+step+up+eastward+relocation&rft.date=2005-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.peopledaily.com.cn%2F200510%2F23%2Feng20051023_216163.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-119"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-119"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Spencer, Richard (18 July 2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2008/07/18/eachina118.xml">"Beijing abandons Mao's dream of workers' paradise"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</A></I>. London.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Beijing+abandons+Mao%27s+dream+of+workers%27+paradise&rft.date=2008-07-18&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fearth%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fearth%2F2008%2F07%2F18%2Feachina118.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-120"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-120"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjhigh-endarea.gov.cn/gnq/">六大功能区</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130914061955/http://www.bjhigh-endarea.gov.cn/gnq/">Archived</A> 14 September 2013 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-121"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-121"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014195346/http://bjrb.bjd.com.cn/html/2013-10/09/content_114683.htm">涂露芳, 六大功能区创造北京四成多GDP 北京日报</A> 9 October 2013 <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014195346/http://bjrb.bjd.com.cn/html/2013-10/09/content_114683.htm">Archived</A> 14 October 2013 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-122"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-122"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/sjfb/bssj/jdsj/2014/201408/t20140812_277808.htm">北京市统计局 六大高端产业功能区主要经济指标</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-social_economic-123"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-social_economic_123-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080305151412/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/esite/tjgb/200611/t20061121_77051.html">"Statistical Communique on the 2003 National Economic and Social Development of the City of Beijing"</A>. Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics. 12 February 2004. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/esite/tjgb/200611/t20061121_77051.html">the original</A> on 5 March 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 March</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Statistical+Communique+on+the+2003+National+Economic+and+Social+Development+of+the+City+of+Beijing&rft.date=2004-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjstats.gov.cn%2Fesite%2Ftjgb%2F200611%2Ft20061121_77051.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-124"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-124"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120074109/http://www.bjinvest.gov.cn/english/dac/sjs/">"ShiJingShan"</A>. Beijing Economic Information Center. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjinvest.gov.cn/english/dac/sjs/">the original</A> on 20 November 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 June</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ShiJingShan&rft.pub=Beijing+Economic+Information+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjinvest.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Fdac%2Fsjs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-125"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-125"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070429110926/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i1ea868cbfd17e7ac48b8fbc3fcc3473c">"Pirates weave tangled web on 'Spidey<SPAN style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</SPAN>"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</A></I>. Reuters. 27 April 2007. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i1ea868cbfd17e7ac48b8fbc3fcc3473c">the original</A> on 29 April 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 March</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Pirates+weave+tangled+web+on+%27Spidey%27&rft.date=2007-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fhr%2Fcontent_display%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Fe3i1ea868cbfd17e7ac48b8fbc3fcc3473c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-bulletin2014-126"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-bulletin2014_126-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160301050709/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/xwgb/tjgb/ndgb/201502/t20150211_288370.htm"><BDI lang="zh">北京市2014年国民经济和社会发展统计公报</BDI></A> [Beijing Economic and Social Development Statistical Bulletin 2014] (in Chinese). Beijing Bureau of Statistics. 12 February 2015. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/xwgb/tjgb/ndgb/201502/t20150211_288370.htm">the original</A> on 1 March 2016<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">1 May</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%822014%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=Beijing+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2015-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjstats.gov.cn%2Fxwgb%2Ftjgb%2Fndgb%2F201502%2Ft20150211_288370.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2004pop-127"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-2004pop_127-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2004pop_127-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allcountries.org/china_statistics/4_9_age_composition_and_dependency_ratio.html">"Age Composition and Dependency Ratio of Population by Region (2004) in China Statistics 2005"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">5 July</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Age+Composition+and+Dependency+Ratio+of+Population+by+Region+%282004%29+in+China+Statistics+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allcountries.org%2Fchina_statistics%2F4_9_age_composition_and_dependency_ratio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2010census-128"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-2010census_128-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2010census_128-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2010census_128-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-2010census_128-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219080018/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/xwgb/tjgb/pcgb/201105/t20110504_201364.htm">北京市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据情况</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2010minorities-129"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2010minorities_129-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203152457/http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/lhzl/rkpc/201201/t20120109_218572.htm">北京市少数民族人口状况</A> 30 May 2011</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-130"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-130"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.china.com/zh_cn/domestic/945/20101009/16177409.html">在北京外国人数量或已达20万人 超过市人口总数1%</A> 9 October 2010</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-131"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-131"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/mar/19/plan-big-city-disease-populations-fall-beijing-shanghai">https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/mar/19/plan-big-city-disease-populations-fall-beijing-shanghai</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-132"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-132"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">CNBC.com, Justina Crabtree; special to (20 September 2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/20/biggest-megacities-in-china.html">"A tale of megacities: China's largest metropolises"</A>. <I>CNBC</I>. <Q>slide 4</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=A+tale+of+megacities%3A+China%E2%80%99s+largest+metropolises&rft.date=2016-09-20&rft.aulast=CNBC.com&rft.aufirst=Justina+Crabtree%3B+special+to&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2016%2F09%2F20%2Fbiggest-megacities-in-china.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-133"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-133"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation encyclopaedia"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/112926/jingxi">"Jingxi"</A>. <I>Britannica Online Encyclopedia</I>. 2008.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jingxi&rft.btitle=Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F112926%2Fjingxi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-134"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-134"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611133538/http://www.khulsey.com/travel/china_beijing_crafts_cloisonne.html">"Beijing – Chinese Cloisonné Enamelware"</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khulsey.com/travel/china_beijing_crafts_cloisonne.html">the original</A> on 11 June 2008.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beijing+%E2%80%93+Chinese+Cloisonn%C3%A9+Enamelware&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khulsey.com%2Ftravel%2Fchina_beijing_crafts_cloisonne.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-135"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-135"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Levin, Dan (15 June 2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/15/fashion/15beijing.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=all">"Beijing Lights Up the Night"</A>. <I>The New York Times</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">15 June</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Beijing+Lights+Up+the+Night&rft.date=2008-06-15&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F06%2F15%2Ffashion%2F15beijing.html%3F_r%3D1%26oref%3Dslogin%26partner%3Drssnyt%26emc%3Drss%26pagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-national-136"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-national_136-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/places/places-of-a-lifetime/beijing.html">"Beijing, Places of a Lifetime"</A>. <A href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</A>. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080803044907/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/places/places-of-a-lifetime/beijing.html">Archived</A> from the original on 3 August 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">3 August</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beijing%2C+Places+of+a+Lifetime&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.nationalgeographic.com%2Fplaces%2Fplaces-of-a-lifetime%2Fbeijing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-137"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-137"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/439.pdf">"The Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties"</A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>. <A href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Center</A>. 29 December 1986<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 July</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Palace+of+the+Ming+and+Qing+Dynasties&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Center&rft.date=1986-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Farchive%2Fadvisory_body_evaluation%2F439.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-138"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-138"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070702022430/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/124/">"Beihai Park Behind Behai park locates Hou Hai, which is one of the most popular visited tourist places. Hou hai is the largest of the three lakes, along with Qianhai (lit. the "Front Lake") and Xihai (lit. the "Western Lake"), that comprise Shichahai, the collective name for the three northern-most lakes in central Beijing. Since the early 2000s, the hutong neighborhood around Houhai has become known for its nightlife as many residences along the lake shore have been converted into restaurants, bars, and cafes"</A>. <A href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNECO World Heritage</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/124/">the original</A> on 2 July 2007.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beihai+Park++Behind+Behai+park+locates+Hou+Hai%2C+which+is+one+of+the+most+popular+visited+tourist+places.+Hou+hai++is+the+largest+of+the+three+lakes%2C+along+with+Qianhai+%28lit.+the+%22Front+Lake%22%29+and+Xihai+%28lit.+the+%22Western+Lake%22%29%2C+that+comprise+Shichahai%2C+the+collective+name+for+the+three+northern-most+lakes+in+central+Beijing.+Since+the+early+2000s%2C+the+hutong+neighborhood+around+Houhai+has+become+known+for+its+nightlife+as+many+residences+along+the+lake+shore+have+been+converted+into+restaurants%2C+bars%2C+and+cafes.&rft.pub=UNECO+World+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F124%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-139"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-139"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Littlewood, Misty and Mark Littlewood (2008). <I>Gateways to Beijing: a travel guide to Beijing</I>. Armour Publishing Pte Ltd. p. 182. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-4222-12-7" title="Special:BookSources/981-4222-12-7">981-4222-12-7</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gateways+to+Beijing%3A+a+travel+guide+to+Beijing&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Armour+Publishing+Pte+Ltd&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=981-4222-12-7&rft.au=Littlewood%2C+Misty+and+Mark+Littlewood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-140"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-140"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/880">"Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing"</A>. <A href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Center</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">4 August</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summer+Palace%2C+an+Imperial+Garden+in+Beijing&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-141"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-141"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881">"Temple of Heaven: an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing"</A>. <A href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Center</A>. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801071531/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/881">Archived</A> from the original on 1 August 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">4 August</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temple+of+Heaven%3A+an+Imperial+Sacrificial+Altar+in+Beijing&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-142"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-142"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) [北京地区博物馆名录（截止2008年6月）] 6 January 2009</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-143"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-143"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080929065353/http://english.cri.cn/1702/2005-2-18/119@169894.htm">"About Beijing"</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.cri.cn/1702/2005-2-18/119@169894.htm">the original</A> on 29 September 2008.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Beijing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.cri.cn%2F1702%2F2005-2-18%2F119%40169894.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-museum-144"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-museum_144-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-museum_144-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/museums/116909.htm">"Beijing's Museums & Galleries"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beijing%27s+Museums+%26+Galleries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fenglish%2Ffeatures%2Fmuseums%2F116909.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-145"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-145"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/archive/decrec03.htm#dec8-c-39">"Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties"</A>. <A href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Center</A>. 10 December 2003<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 July</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+Tombs+of+the+Ming+and+Qing+Dynasties&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Center&rft.date=2003-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Farchive%2Fdecrec03.htm%23dec8-c-39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-146"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-146"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/449">"Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian"</A>. <A href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Center</A>. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723152123/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/449">Archived</A> from the original on 23 July 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">4 August</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peking+Man+Site+at+Zhoukoudian&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-147"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-147"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438">"The Great Wall"</A>. <A href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Center</A>. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080731174854/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438">Archived</A> from the original on 31 July 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">4 August</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+Wall&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-religion1-148"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-religion1_148-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-religion1_148-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.com.cn/sports/zhuanti/2008ay/2008-07/11/content_15993221.htm">北京的宗教文化 china.com.cn</A> 11 July 2008</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-149"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-149"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Lai, Hongyi. <I>China's Governance Model: Flexibility and Durability of Pragmatic Authoritarianism</I>. Routledge, 2016. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-317-85952-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-317-85952-9">1-317-85952-9</A>. p. 167</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Wang2015-150"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Wang2015_150-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">China General Social Survey (CGSS) 2009. Report by: <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1">Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15)</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1">Archived</A> 25 September 2015 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2010-Islam-151"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2010-Islam_151-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Min Junqing. <I>The Present Situation and Characteristics of Contemporary Islam in China</I>. JISMOR, 8. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/18185/r002000080004.pdf">2010 Islam by province, page 29</A>. Data from: Yang Zongde, <I>Study on Current Muslim Population in China</I>, Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-152"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-152"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zsfh.org/a/cases/yuanquguihua/lvyoujingqu/2014/1217/1689.html">平谷轩辕山国际旅游区概念性规划</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-153"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-153"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fanhuazhida.com/cgal/lvyou-1240-1.html">2020世界休闲大会战略规划——北京平谷旅游发展重大项目储备规划</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170121225057/http://fanhuazhida.com/cgal/lvyou-1240-1.html">Archived</A> 21 January 2017 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>..</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-154"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-154"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjtaoism.net/html/daoxie/node/2345922-1.htm">北京市道教协会协会简介</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-155"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-155"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjethnic.gov.cn/zongjiao/zjzhjs/yslj/index.shtml#">伊斯兰教简介</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170130005328/http://www.bjethnic.gov.cn/zongjiao/zjzhjs/yslj/index.shtml">Archived</A> 30 January 2017 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>. Accessed 4 April 2016</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-156"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-156"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjethnic.gov.cn/zongjiao/zjzhjs/yslj/wwls4/20140911/849.shtml">北京市清真寺文物等级</A> Accessed 4 April 2016</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-157"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-157"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjethnic.gov.cn/zongjiao/zjzhjs/yslj/wwls4/20150407/1992.shtml">北京市部分清真寺介绍</A> Accessed 4 April 2016</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-158"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-158"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Eric Widmer, The Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Peking During the Eighteenth Century, pp23, 1976, <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-78129-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-78129-5">0-674-78129-5</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZjnRS1g6zkC&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q=church&f=false">Google Books</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-159"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-159"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiba.com/basketballworldcup/2019">The Official website of the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup</A>, FIBA.com, Retrieved 9 March 2016.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-160"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-160"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2022/1016809-beijing-and-zhangjiakou-launch-a-joint-bid-to-host-the-2022-winter-olympic-games">"Beijing and Zhangjiakou launch joint bid to host 2022 Winter Olympic Games"</A>. <I>insidethegames.biz</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=insidethegames.biz&rft.atitle=Beijing+and+Zhangjiakou+launch+joint+bid+to+host+2022+Winter+Olympic+Games&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidethegames.biz%2Folympics%2Fwinter-olympics%2F2022%2F1016809-beijing-and-zhangjiakou-launch-a-joint-bid-to-host-the-2022-winter-olympic-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-161"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-161"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/sports/wp/2015/07/31/ioc-awards-2022-winter-olympics-to-beijing/">"IOC awards 2022 Winter Olympics to Beijing"</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IOC+awards+2022+Winter+Olympics+to+Beijing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fsports%2Fwp%2F2015%2F07%2F31%2Fioc-awards-2022-winter-olympics-to-beijing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-162"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-162"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Some 350,000 residents were expected to be relocated to make room for the constructions of stadiums for the 2008 Summer Games. <CITE class="citation book">Davis, Mike (2006). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FToaDLPB2jAC"><I>Planet of Slums</I></A>. Verso. p. 106. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1844670228" title="Special:BookSources/1844670228">1844670228</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">3 January</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planet+of+Slums&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1844670228&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFToaDLPB2jAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-163"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-163"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7478923.stm">"Beijing Olympics Bird's Nest ready"</A>. <I>BBC News</I>. 28 June 2008. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080719015953/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7478923.stm">Archived</A> from the original on 19 July 2008<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">28 June</SPAN> 2008</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Beijing+Olympics+Bird%27s+Nest+ready&rft.date=2008-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F7478923.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-164"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-164"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinabandy.org/">"Welcome"</A>. <I>chinabandy.org</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chinabandy.org&rft.atitle=Welcome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinabandy.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-165"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-165"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oklx.com/cn/train/province/1753ac4e025e.html">"北京市火车站大全"</A> Last Accessed 8 August 2011</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-166"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-166"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-10/06/content_269518.htm">"Beijingers spend lives on road as traffic congestion worsens"</A>. <I>China Daily</I>. Xinhua News Agency. 6 October 2003<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 July</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft.atitle=Beijingers+spend+lives+on+road+as+traffic+congestion+worsens&rft.date=2003-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fen%2Fdoc%2F2003-10%2F06%2Fcontent_269518.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-167"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-167"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/metro/2009-10/19/content_8809166.htm">"Automobile numbers could be capped"</A>. <I>China Daily</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">13 May</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft.atitle=Automobile+numbers+could+be+capped&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fmetro%2F2009-10%2F19%2Fcontent_8809166.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-168"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-168"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20130102164859/http://autonews.gasgoo.com/auto-news/1015147/Beijing-city-to-have-five-mln-cars-on-roads-by-year-end.html">"Beijing city to have five mln cars on roads by year end"</A>. Gasgoo. 12 May 2010. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://autonews.gasgoo.com/auto-news/1015147/Beijing-city-to-have-five-mln-cars-on-roads-by-year-end.html">the original</A> on 2 January 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">13 May</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Beijing+city+to+have+five+mln+cars+on+roads+by+year+end&rft.date=2010-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fautonews.gasgoo.com%2Fauto-news%2F1015147%2FBeijing-city-to-have-five-mln-cars-on-roads-by-year-end.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-169"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-169"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/12/to-tackle-traffic-jam-beijing-sets-new-car-plate-quota-limits-out-of-towners/">"To Tackle Traffic Jam, Beijing Sets New Car Plate Quota, Limits Out-of-Towners"</A>. ChinaAutoWeb.com.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=To+Tackle+Traffic+Jam%2C+Beijing+Sets+New+Car+Plate+Quota%2C+Limits+Out-of-Towners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchinaautoweb.com%2F2010%2F12%2Fto-tackle-traffic-jam-beijing-sets-new-car-plate-quota-limits-out-of-towners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-170"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-170"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.news.yahoo.com/china-plans-build-worlds-biggest-airport-near-beijing-104338446.html">"China plans to build world's biggest airport near Beijing"</A>. In.news.yahoo.com. 10 September 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">31 October</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+plans+to+build+world%27s+biggest+airport+near+Beijing&rft.pub=In.news.yahoo.com&rft.date=2011-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.news.yahoo.com%2Fchina-plans-build-worlds-biggest-airport-near-beijing-104338446.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-carnoc20160112-171"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-carnoc20160112_171-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.carnoc.com/list/302/302606.html">"首都新机场跑道呈三纵一横分布 规划7条跑道"</A>. news.carnoc.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">12 January</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E8%B7%91%E9%81%93%E5%91%88%E4%B8%89%E7%BA%B5%E4%B8%80%E6%A8%AA%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83+%E8%A7%84%E5%88%927%E6%9D%A1%E8%B7%91%E9%81%93&rft.pub=news.carnoc.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.carnoc.com%2Flist%2F302%2F302606.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-172"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-172"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605142840/http://www.ttgmice.com/article/beijing-grants-three-day-visa-free-access/">"Beijing grants three-day visa-free access"</A>. <I>TTGmice</I>. 6 December 2012. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ttgmice.com/article/beijing-grants-three-day-visa-free-access/">the original</A> on 5 June 2013<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">7 December</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TTGmice&rft.atitle=Beijing+grants+three-day+visa-free+access&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ttgmice.com%2Farticle%2Fbeijing-grants-three-day-visa-free-access%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Beijing-173"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Beijing_173-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinatour.net/news/visa-free-beijing/">"Beijing 72-hour Visa-free" ChinaTour.Net</A> Accessed 6 June 2014</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-174"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-174"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-05/28/content_9905209.htm">"30 subway lines to cover Beijing by 2020"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</A></I>. 28 May 2010<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">30 May</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft.atitle=30+subway+lines+to+cover+Beijing+by+2020&rft.date=2010-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fchina%2F2010-05%2F28%2Fcontent_9905209.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-english.cri.cn-175"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-english.cri.cn_175-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-english.cri.cn_175-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-english.cri.cn_175-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.cri.cn/12394/2014/11/27/3781s854098.htm">"Beijing to Increase Public Transportation Fare Prices Next Month"</A>. <I>english.cri.cn</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">24 December</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.cri.cn&rft.atitle=Beijing+to+Increase+Public+Transportation+Fare+Prices+Next+Month&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.cri.cn%2F12394%2F2014%2F11%2F27%2F3781s854098.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-176"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-176"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Watts, Jonathan (24 January 2010). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/24/beijing-cycling-capital-plans/">"Campaign to boost cycling in Beijing"</A>. <I>The Guardian</I>. UK<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">10 March</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Campaign+to+boost+cycling+in+Beijing&rft.date=2010-01-24&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fjan%2F24%2Fbeijing-cycling-capital-plans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-177"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-177"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whatsonweibo.com/ofo-mobike-bluegogo-chinas-messy-bikeshare-market/">"Ofo, Mobike, BlueGogo: China's Messy Bikeshare Market"</A>. <I>What's on Weibo</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">13 August</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=What%27s+on+Weibo&rft.atitle=Ofo%2C+Mobike%2C+BlueGogo%3A+China%E2%80%99s+Messy+Bikeshare+Market&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatsonweibo.com%2Fofo-mobike-bluegogo-chinas-messy-bikeshare-market%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-178"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-178"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sts.mep.gov.cn/zrbhq/zrbhq/201208/t20120824_235198.htm">北京市自然保护区名录（截至2011年底）</A> 24 August 2012</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-179"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-179"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bwca.com.cn/Class.asp?ClassID=32">北京一级保护野生动物 Beijing Wildlife Conservation Association</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130416173150/http://www.bwca.com.cn/Class.asp?ClassID=32">Archived</A> 16 April 2013 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>. Accessed 4 April 2013</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-180"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-180"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bwca.com.cn/Class.asp?ClassID=33北京二级保护野生动物">Beijing Wildlife Conservation Association</A><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template"><SPAN style="white-space: nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><SPAN title=" Dead link since December 2017">permanent dead link</SPAN></A></I>]</SPAN></SUP> Accessed 4 April 2013</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-181"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-181"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danwei.org/wildlife/wild_leopards_of_beijing_by_mi.php">Michael Rank, Wild leopards of Beijing, Danwei.org</A> 31 July 2007</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-182"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-182"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjshuiye.cn/html/200805/26/20080526135128.html">Beijing Aquatic Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Center</A> Accessed 5 April 2013 <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110823230432/http://www.bjshuiye.cn/html/200805/26/20080526135128.html">Archived</A> 23 August 2011 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-183"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-183"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sxrb.com/culture/shgc/164836.html">70年解密大足鼠耳蝠吃鱼 14 April 2007</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140319014300/http://www.sxrb.com/culture/shgc/164836.html">Archived</A> 19 March 2014 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-184"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-184"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://env.people.com.cn/n1/2016/1116/c1010-28871815.html">北京：候鸟翱翔野鸭湖 Xinhua</A> 16 November 2016</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-BJ_Evening_News_2016-10-30-185"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-BJ_Evening_News_2016-10-30_185-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-BJ_Evening_News_2016-10-30_185-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-BJ_Evening_News_2016-10-30_185-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beijing.qianlong.com/2016/1030/1058707.shtml">北京开始"清网行动"保护候鸟 森林公安公布举报电话, 北京晚报</A> 30 October 2016</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-186"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-186"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://birdingbeijing.com/beijing-cuckoo-project/">Beijing Cuckoo Project</A> Accessed 28 November 2016</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-187"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-187"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cn.nytstyle.com/science/20161116/beijing-cuckoos-migration/dual/">"With a Cuckoo's Journey from China, a Mystery is Solved, and Cheers Go Up" <I>N.Y. Times</I></A> 11 November 2016</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-188"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-188"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/legal/2016-10/31/c_1119815548.htm">"北京集中一个月打击非法捕售鸟 抓获36名违法者" 新京报</A> 31 October 2016</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-cityflowertree-189"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-cityflowertree_189-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-cityflowertree_189-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130413101041/http://www.beijing.gov.cn/rwbj/bjgm/shss/t661782.htm">"首都之窗-北京市政务门户网站-市花市树"</A>. eBeijing.gov.cn. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beijing.gov.cn/rwbj/bjgm/shss/t661782.htm">the original</A> on 13 April 2013.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E4%B9%8B%E7%AA%97-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%A1%E9%97%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99-%E5%B8%82%E8%8A%B1%E5%B8%82%E6%A0%91&rft.pub=eBeijing.gov.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beijing.gov.cn%2Frwbj%2Fbjgm%2Fshss%2Ft661782.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-190"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-190"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">(Chinese) <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080413033911/http://www.bjkp.gov.cn/bjkpzc/tszr/zwdg/zwygs/gsygh/15487.shtml">北京市市树——国槐</A> 18 February 2004 <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080413033911/http://www.bjkp.gov.cn/bjkpzc/tszr/zwdg/zwygs/gsygh/15487.shtml">Archived</A> 13 April 2008 at the <A href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</A>.</SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="refbegin columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;">
<UL>
<LI><CITE class="citation book">Cotterell, Arthur. (2007). <I>The Imperial Capitals of China: An Inside View of the Celestial Empire</I>. London: Pimlico. pp. 304 pages. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-009-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-009-5">978-1-84595-009-5</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Capitals+of+China%3A+An+Inside+View+of+the+Celestial+Empire&rft.place=London&rft.pages=304+pages.&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84595-009-5&rft.au=Cotterell%2C+Arthur.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFElliott2001" class="citation book">Elliott, Mark C. (2001). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=_qtgoTIAiKUC&printsec=frontcover"><I>The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China</I></A>. <A href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</A>, United States: Stanford University Press. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-4684-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-4684-2">0-8047-4684-2</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 July</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manchu+Way%3A+The+Eight+Banners+and+Ethnic+Identity+in+Late+Imperial+China&rft.place=Palo+Alto%2C+California%2C+United+States&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8047-4684-2&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Mark+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D_qtgoTIAiKUC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFLiDray-NoveyKong2007" class="citation book">Li, Lillian; Dray-Novey, Alison; Kong, Haili (2007). <I>Beijing: From Imperial Capital to Olympic City</I>. New York City, United States: <A href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4039-6473-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-4039-6473-4">1-4039-6473-4</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beijing%3A+From+Imperial+Capital+to+Olympic+City&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+United+States&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=1-4039-6473-4&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Lillian&rft.au=Dray-Novey%2C+Alison&rft.au=Kong%2C+Haili&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation book">Bonino, Michele; De Pieri, Filippo (2015). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jovis.de/en/books/beijing-danwei.html"><I>Beijing Danwei: Industrial Heritage in the Contemporary City</I></A>. Berlin: Jovis. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86859-382-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86859-382-2">978-3-86859-382-2</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beijing+Danwei%3A+Industrial+Heritage+in+the+Contemporary+City&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Jovis&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-86859-382-2&rft.aulast=Bonino&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft.au=De+Pieri%2C+Filippo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jovis.de%2Fen%2Fbooks%2Fbeijing-danwei.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI>Cammelli, Stefano <I>Storia di Pechino e di come divenne capitale della Cina</I>, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2004. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-15-09910-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-15-09910-5">978-88-15-09910-5</A></LI>
<LI>Chen, Gaohua: <I>The Capital of the Yuan Dynasty.</I> [Dadu or Khanbaliq]. Silkroad Press, 2015. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4332-44-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4332-44-6">978-981-4332-44-6</A> (Print); <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4339-55-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4339-55-1">978-981-4339-55-1</A> (eBook)</LI>
<LI>Harper, Damian, <I>Beijing: City Guide</I>, 7th Edition, Oakland, California: Lonely Planet Publications, 2007.</LI>
<LI>Harper, Damian, <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QOdNuHHTSowC&printsec=frontcover"><I>Beijing: City Guide</I></A>, 6th Edition, Oakland, California : Lonely Planet Publications, 2005. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-74059-782-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-74059-782-6">1-74059-782-6</A>.</LI>
<LI><CITE id="CITEREFMacKerrasYorke1991" class="citation book">MacKerras, Colin; Yorke, Amanda (1991). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=yiq_f71uXboC&printsec=frontcover&dq=beiping+beijing"><I>The Cambridge Handbook of Contemporary China</I></A>. <A href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</A>, England, United Kingdom: <A href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-38755-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-38755-8">0-521-38755-8</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">22 July</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Handbook+of+Contemporary+China&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-521-38755-8&rft.aulast=MacKerras&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.au=Yorke%2C+Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dyiq_f71uXboC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dbeiping%2Bbeijing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeijing" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="metadata plainlinks plainlist mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9;">
<DIV style="padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;">Find more about<B style="display:block;">Beijing</B>at Wikipedia's <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><SPAN id="sister-projects">sister projects</SPAN></A></DIV>
<UL style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 0.75em;">
<LI style="min-height: 31px;"><SPAN style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" width="27" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></SPAN><SPAN style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><A href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Beijing" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Beijing">Definitions</A> from Wiktionary</SPAN></LI>
<LI style="min-height: 31px;"><SPAN style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="20" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></SPAN><SPAN style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><A href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Beijing" class="extiw" title="c:Special:Search/Beijing">Media</A> from Wikimedia Commons</SPAN></LI>
<LI style="min-height: 31px;"><SPAN style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" width="27" height="15" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></SPAN><SPAN style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><A href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Beijing" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Beijing">News</A> from Wikinews</SPAN></LI>
<LI style="min-height: 31px;"><SPAN style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" width="23" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></SPAN><SPAN style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><A href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Beijing" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Beijing">Quotations</A> from Wikiquote</SPAN></LI>
<LI style="min-height: 31px;"><SPAN style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" width="26" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></SPAN><SPAN style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><A href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Beijing" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Beijing">Texts</A> from Wikisource</SPAN></LI>
<LI style="min-height: 31px;"><SPAN style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" width="27" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></SPAN><SPAN style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><A href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Beijing" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Beijing">Textbooks</A> from Wikibooks</SPAN></LI>
<LI style="min-height: 31px;"><SPAN style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" width="27" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></SPAN><SPAN style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><A href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Beijing#Q956" class="extiw" title="voy:Beijing">Travel guide</A> from Wikivoyage</SPAN></LI>
<LI style="min-height: 31px;"><SPAN style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/27px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" width="27" height="24" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/41px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/54px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900" /></SPAN><SPAN style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><A href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Beijing" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Beijing">Learning resources</A> from Wikiversity</SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<UL>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/mpbei.htm">Economic profile for Beijing</A> at <A href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council" title="Hong Kong Trade Development Council">HKTDC</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/BeijingChinaOfficial">Visit Beijing Facebook Page</A></LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PH-Y-00302-E/4">Photograph of <I>The approach to Peking – outside the walls</I></A> taken in 1890 by <A href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Norman,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Norman, 1st Baronet">Sir Henry Norman</A></LI>
</UL>
<TABLE class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;">
<TBODY><TR style="text-align:center;">
<TD style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<BR />
<SPAN style="font-weight: bold"><A href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</A> (<A href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</A>)</SPAN></TD>
<TD style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><B><A href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</A> (as <A href="/wiki/Khanbaliq" title="Khanbaliq">Dadu</A> of <A href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</A>)</B><BR />
1264–1368</TD>
<TD style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<BR />
<SPAN style="font-weight: bold"><A href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</A> (<A href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</A>)</SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR style="text-align:center;">
<TD style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<BR />
<SPAN style="font-weight: bold"><A href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</A> (<A href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</A>)</SPAN></TD>
<TD style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><B><A href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</A></B><BR />
1420–1928</TD>
<TD style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<BR />
<SPAN style="font-weight: bold"><A href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</A> (<A href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">ROC</A>)</SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR style="text-align:center;">
<TD style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<BR />
<SPAN style="font-weight: bold"><A href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</A> (<A href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">ROC</A>)</SPAN></TD>
<TD style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><B><A href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of the People's Republic of China</A></B><BR />
1949–present</TD>
<TD style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<BR />
<SPAN style="font-weight: bold">present capital</SPAN></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
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<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<TABLE role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD>Zhangjiakou, Hebei</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</A>, Hebei</TD>
<TD>Chengde, Hebei</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="width:33%"><A href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</A>, Hebei</TD>
<TD style="width:33%;">
<DIV><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" title="North" width="14" height="17" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="595" /></DIV>
<DIV style="white-space:nowrap;"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" title="West" width="17" height="14" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/33px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="501" /><B style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Beijing</B><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" title="East" width="17" height="14" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/33px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="501" /></DIV>
<DIV><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" title="South" width="14" height="17" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="595" /></DIV>
</TD>
<TD style="width:33%"><A href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</A>, Hebei</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Baoding, Hebei</TD>
<TD>Langfang, Hebei</TD>
<TD>Tianjin</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/History_of_Beijing" title="History of Beijing">History</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Politics_of_Beijing" title="Politics of Beijing">Politics</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Geography_of_Beijing" title="Geography of Beijing">Geography</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Names_of_Beijing" title="Names of Beijing">Toponym</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Dongcheng_District,_Beijing" title="Dongcheng District, Beijing">Dongcheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xicheng_District" title="Xicheng District">Xicheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chaoyang_District,_Beijing" title="Chaoyang District, Beijing">Chaoyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Haidian_District" title="Haidian District">Haidian</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fengtai_District" title="Fengtai District">Fengtai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shijingshan_District" title="Shijingshan District">Shijingshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mentougou_District" title="Mentougou District">Mentougou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fangshan_District" title="Fangshan District">Fangshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shunyi_District" title="Shunyi District">Shunyi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changping_District" title="Changping District">Changping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Daxing_District" title="Daxing District">Daxing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huairou_District" title="Huairou District">Huairou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pinggu_District" title="Pinggu District">Pinggu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Miyun_District" title="Miyun District">Miyun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yanqing_District" title="Yanqing District">Yanqing</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Chongwen_District" title="Chongwen District">Chongwen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xuanwu_District,_Beijing" title="Xuanwu District, Beijing">Xuanwu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yanshan_District,_Beijing" title="Yanshan District, Beijing">Yanshan</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Beijing" title="List of administrative divisions of Beijing">Administrative divisions</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Beijing" title="List of township-level divisions of Beijing">Township-level divisions</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_economic_and_technological_development_zones_in_Beijing" title="List of economic and technological development zones in Beijing">Economic and technological development zones</A></LI>
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<DIV style="padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 20px;">
<DIV class="floatright"><A href="/wiki/File:SA_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="SA Temple of Heaven.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/SA_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg/100px-SA_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg" width="100" height="75" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/SA_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg/150px-SA_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/SA_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg/200px-SA_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></A></DIV>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Education_in_Beijing" title="Education in Beijing">Education</A></TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Beijing" title="List of universities and colleges in Beijing">List of universities</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua University</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Normal_University" title="Beijing Normal University">Beijing Normal University</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Renmin_University_of_China" title="Renmin University of China">Renmin University</A></LI>
</UL>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Transport_in_Beijing" title="Transport in Beijing">Transportation</A></TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Ring_roads_of_Beijing" title="Ring roads of Beijing">Ring roads</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Beijing" title="Expressways of Beijing">Expressways</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/China_National_Highways_of_Beijing" title="China National Highways of Beijing">Highways</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Subway" title="Beijing Subway">Subway</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Suburban_Railway" title="Beijing Suburban Railway">Suburban Railway</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Bus" title="Beijing Bus">Bus</A></LI>
<LI>Airports: <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport" title="Beijing Capital International Airport">Capital International</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing_Nanyuan_Airport" title="Beijing Nanyuan Airport">Nanyuan</A>, <I><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Daxing_International_Airport" title="Beijing Daxing International Airport">Daxing</A> (under construction)</I></LI>
<LI>Railway stations: <A href="/wiki/Beijing_West_railway_station" title="Beijing West railway station">Beijing West</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing_railway_station" title="Beijing railway station">Beijing</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing_East_railway_station" title="Beijing East railway station">Beijing East</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing_South_railway_station" title="Beijing South railway station">Beijing South</A>, <A href="/wiki/Beijing_North_railway_station" title="Beijing North railway station">Beijing North</A>, <A href="/wiki/Shahe_railway_station" title="Shahe railway station">Shahe</A>, <A href="/wiki/Fengtai_railway_station" title="Fengtai railway station">Fengtai</A></LI>
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</TD>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Tourist_attractions_of_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourist attractions of Beijing">Visitor attractions</A></TH>
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<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Beijing_landmarks" title="List of Beijing landmarks">Landmarks</A> (<A href="/wiki/List_of_Major_National_Historical_and_Cultural_Sites_in_Beijing" title="List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Beijing">Major National Historical and Cultural Sites</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_hotels_in_Beijing" title="List of hotels in Beijing">List of hotels in Beijing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Beijing" title="Category:Museums in Beijing">Museums</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Parks_and_gardens_in_Beijing" title="Category:Parks and gardens in Beijing">Parks and gardens</A></LI>
</UL>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipal agencies</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Municipal_Administration_of_Prisons" title="Beijing Municipal Administration of Prisons">Administration of Prisons</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Beijing_Municipal_Commission_of_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (page does not exist)">Commission of Education</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beijing_Municipal_Public_Security_Bureau" title="Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau">Public Security Bureau</A> (Police Department)</LI>
</UL>
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</TD>
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<TR>
<TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><IMG alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <A href="/wiki/Portal:Beijing" title="Portal:Beijing"><B>Portal</B></A></LI>
<LI><IMG alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <A href="/wiki/Category:Beijing" title="Category:Beijing"><B>Category</B></A></LI>
<LI><IMG alt="Commons page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <A href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Beijing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Beijing"><B>Commons</B></A></LI>
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<DIV id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Provincial-level_divisions_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China#Provincial_level" title="Administrative divisions of China">Provincial-level divisions of China</A></DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
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<TD class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px">
<DIV><A href="/wiki/File:Regions_of_China_Names_Chinese_Simp.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Regions of China Names Chinese Simp.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Regions_of_China_Names_Chinese_Simp.svg/150px-Regions_of_China_Names_Chinese_Simp.svg.png" width="150" height="122" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Regions_of_China_Names_Chinese_Simp.svg/225px-Regions_of_China_Names_Chinese_Simp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Regions_of_China_Names_Chinese_Simp.svg/300px-Regions_of_China_Names_Chinese_Simp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="699" /></A></DIV>
</TD>
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<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous regions</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipalities_of_China" title="Direct-controlled municipalities of China">Municipalities</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
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<UL>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><IMG alt="Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau"><IMG alt="Macau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</TH>
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<UL>
<LI><I><B><A href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</A></B></I></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
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<TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-size:80%;">
<DIV><B>Note</B>: <A href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</A> is <A href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">claimed by the People's Republic of China</A> but administered by the <A href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</A> (see <A href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</A>).</DIV>
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<LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Metropolitan cities of China"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">e</ABBR></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<DIV id="Metropolitan_cities_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in China by population">Metropolitan cities of China</A></DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable9">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton9" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>
<DIV id="Major_Metropolitan_regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_of_China" title="Metropolitan regions of China">Major Metropolitan regions</A></DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jingjinji" title="Jingjinji">Jingjinji (JJJ)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta (PRD) / Yuegang'ao Greater Bay Area</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta" title="Yangtze River Delta">Yangtze River Delta (YRD)</A></LI>
</UL>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Plain_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Plain Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Central Plain (Zhongyuan)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Chengyu_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengyu Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Chengyu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Cross-Strait_Western_Coastal_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross-Strait Western Coastal Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Cross-Strait Western Coast</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Guanzhong_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanzhong Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Guanzhong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-Southern_Liaoning_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-Southern Liaoning Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Mid-Southern Liaoning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Peninsula_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Peninsula Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Shandong Peninsula</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Yangtze_River_Mid-Reaches_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangtze River Mid-Reaches Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Yangtze River Mid-Reaches (Yangtze River Valley)</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable10">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton10" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>
<DIV id="Major_Cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major Cities</DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/National_Central_City" title="National Central City">National Central Cities</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A><SUP>a</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</A><SUP>a</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</A><SUP>b2</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</A><SUP>a2</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</A><SUP>a2</SUP></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Administrative Region">Special Administrative Regions</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/National_Central_City" title="National Central City">Regional Central Cities</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</A><SUP>c1</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China">Sub-provincial cities</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</A><SUP>c2</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</A><SUP>b2</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</A><SUP>c2</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</A><SUP>c2</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</A><SUP>c1</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</A><SUP>b</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</A><SUP>c1</SUP></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial capitals<BR />
(<A href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture-level cities">Prefecture-level</A>)</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</A><SUP>2</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taibei</A></I><SUP>5</SUP></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous regional capitals</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparatively large cities</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anshan,_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anshan, China">Anshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable11">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton11" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>
<DIV id="Prefecture-level_cities_by_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture-level cities">Prefecture-level cities</A> by Province</DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Shijiazhuang*</LI>
<LI>Tangshan*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</A><SUP>2</SUP></LI>
<LI>Handan*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Taiyuan*</LI>
<LI>Datong*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Hohhot*</LI>
<LI>Baotou*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Shenyang*</LI>
<LI>Dalian*</LI>
<LI>Anshan*</LI>
<LI>Fushun*</LI>
<LI>Benxi*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Changchun*</LI>
<LI>Jilin</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Harbin*</LI>
<LI>Qiqihar*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yīchun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Nanjing*</LI>
<LI>Wuxi*</LI>
<LI>Xuzhou*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</A></LI>
<LI>Suzhou*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</A><SUP>2</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Tàizhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Hangzhou*</LI>
<LI>Ningbo*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</A><SUP>2</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Tāizhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lishui,_Zhejiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Lishui, Zhejiang">Lìshui</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Hefei*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</A></LI>
<LI>Huainan*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fuyang,_Anhui" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuyang, Anhui">Fùyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Sùzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Fúzhou*</LI>
<LI>Xiamen*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Nanchang*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pingxiang,_Jiangxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingxiang, Jiangxi">Píngxiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jiangxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji'an, Jiangxi">Jí'ān</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yíchun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fǔzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Jinan*</LI>
<LI>Qingdao*</LI>
<LI>Zibo*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</A><SUP>2</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jining,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jining, Shandong">Jĭning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Zhengzhou*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</A></LI>
<LI>Luoyang*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Wuhan*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huanggang,_Hubei" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanggang, Hubei">Huanggang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Changsha*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Guangzhou*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</A></LI>
<LI>Shenzhen*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</A><SUP>1</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</A><SUP>1</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</A><SUP>2</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Nanning*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</A><SUP>2</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yùlin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Baise,_Guangxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Baise, Guangxi">Baise</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</A><SUP>1</SUP></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Haikou*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</A><SUP>4</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Chengdu*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ziyang,_Sichuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziyang, Sichuan">Ziyang</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Guiyang*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tongren,_Guizhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongren, Guizhou">Tongren</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Kunming*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lijiang,_Yunnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijiang, Yunnan">Lìjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pu%27er,_Yunnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu'er, Yunnan">Pu'er</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Lhasa*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Xi'an*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yúlin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Lanzhou*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiayuguan (city)">Jiayuguan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qingyang" title="Qingyang">Qingyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Xining*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Yinchuan*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Ürümqi*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hami_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Hami City">Hami</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><I><A href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</A></I><SUP>5</SUP></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><I>(none)</I></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable12">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton12" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>
<DIV id="Other_cities_(partly_shown_below)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Other cities</A> (partly shown below)</DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Prefectures of the People's Republic of China">Prefecture-level capitals</A><BR />
(County-level)</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>(<A href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</A>: <A href="/wiki/Ulanhot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xilinhot" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiagedaqi_District" title="Jiagedaqi District">Jiagedaqi</A><SUP>3</SUP>, <A href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Enshi_City" title="Enshi City">Enshi</A>, <A href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou</A>, <A href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</A></LI>
<LI>(<A href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</A>：<A href="/wiki/Xichang" title="Xichang">Xichang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kangding" title="Kangding">Kangding</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Barkam" title="Barkam">Barkam</A>)</LI>
<LI>(<A href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</A>: <A href="/wiki/Xingyi,_Guizhou" title="Xingyi, Guizhou">Xingyi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kaili,_Guizhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaili, Guizhou">Kaili</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Duyun" title="Duyun">Duyun</A>)</LI>
<LI>(<A href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</A>: <A href="/wiki/Chuxiong_City" title="Chuxiong City">Chuxiong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mengzi_City" title="Mengzi City">Mengzi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wenshan_City" title="Wenshan City">Wenshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jinghong" title="Jinghong">Jinghong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Dali</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mangshi" title="Mangshi">Mangshi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shangri-La_City" title="Shangri-La City">Shangri-La</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lushui" title="Lushui">Lushui</A>)</LI>
<LI>(<A href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</A>: <A href="/wiki/Linxia_City" title="Linxia City">Linxia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hezuo" title="Hezuo">Hezuo</A>)</LI>
<LI>(<A href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</A>: <A href="/wiki/Yushu_City,_Qinghai" title="Yushu City, Qinghai">Yushu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Delingha" title="Delingha">Delingha</A>)</LI>
<LI>(<A href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</A>: <A href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yining_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Yining City">Yining</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Artux" title="Artux">Artux</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Aksu,_Xinjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Aksu, Xinjiang">Aksu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</A><SUP>1</SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Altay_City" title="Altay City">Altay</A>)</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Sub-prefecture-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-prefecture-level cities">Province-governed cities<BR />
(Sub-prefecture-level)</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</A>, <A href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</A></LI>
<LI>(<A href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</A>: <A href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qiánjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</A>)</LI>
<LI>(<A href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</A><SUP>1</SUP>: <A href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City">Wuzhishan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai">Qionghai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang">Wenchang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning">Wanning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan">Dongfang</A>)</LI>
<LI>(<A href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</A> - <A href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">XPCC(Bingtuan) cities</A>: <A href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumxuk</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang">Beitun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City">Tiemenguan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe">Shuanghe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala">Kokdala</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang">Kunyu</A>)</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Prefectures of the People's Republic of China">Former Prefecture-level cities</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</A>, <A href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</A>，<A href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</A>, <A href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shashi_District" title="Shashi District">Shashi</A>, <A href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</A></LI>
<LI>(<A href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</A>: <A href="/wiki/Fuling_District" title="Fuling District">Fuling</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" title="Wanzhou District">Wanxian</A>)</LI>
<LI>(<A href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</A>: <A href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</A>)</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Sub-prefecture-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-prefecture-level cities">Sub-prefecture-level cities</A><BR />
(Prefecture-governed)</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an, Hebei</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Manzhouli,_Inner_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia">Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Erenhot,_Inner_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Erenhot, Inner Mongolia">Erenhot, Inner Mongolia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Golmud,_Qinghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Golmud, Qinghai">Golmud, Qinghai</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable13">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton13" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>
<DIV id="County-level_cities_by_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/County-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level cities">County-level cities</A> by Province</DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xinji" title="Xinji">Xinji</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jinzhou,_Hebei" title="Jinzhou, Hebei">Jinzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xinle_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinle City">Xinle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zunhua" title="Zunhua">Zunhua</A></LI>
<LI>Qian'an*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wu%27an" title="Wu'an">Wu'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nangong" title="Nangong">Nangong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shahe,_Hebei" title="Shahe, Hebei">Shahe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Zhuozhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dingzhou" title="Dingzhou">Dingzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anguo" title="Anguo">Anguo</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gaobeidian" title="Gaobeidian">Gaobeidian</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Botou" title="Botou">Botou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Renqiu" title="Renqiu">Renqiu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huanghua" title="Huanghua">Huanghua</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hejian" title="Hejian">Hejian</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bazhou_City" title="Bazhou City">Bazhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sanhe" title="Sanhe">Sanhe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shenzhou_City" title="Shenzhou City">Shenzhou</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lucheng,_Shanxi" title="Lucheng, Shanxi">Lucheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yuanping_City" title="Yuanping City">Yuanping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Holingol" title="Holingol">Holingol</A></LI>
<LI>Manzhouli*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yakeshi" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhalantun" title="Zhalantun">Zhalantun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ergun_City" title="Ergun City">Ergun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Genhe" title="Genhe">Genhe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fengzhen" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</A></LI>
<LI>Ulanhot*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Arxan" title="Arxan">Arxan</A></LI>
<LI>Erenhot*</LI>
<LI>Xilinhot*</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yushu,_Jilin" title="Yushu, Jilin">Yushu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dehui" title="Dehui">Dehui</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiaohe,_Jilin" title="Jiaohe, Jilin">Jiaohe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huadian,_Jilin" title="Huadian, Jilin">Huadian</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shulan" title="Shulan">Shulan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Panshi" title="Panshi">Panshi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shuangliao" title="Shuangliao">Shuangliao</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jilin" title="Ji'an, Jilin">Ji'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Linjiang" title="Linjiang">Linjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fuyu,_Jilin" title="Fuyu, Jilin">Fuyu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Taonan" title="Taonan">Taonan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Da%27an,_Jilin" title="Da'an, Jilin">Da'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tumen,_Jilin" title="Tumen, Jilin">Tumen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dunhua" title="Dunhua">Dunhua</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hunchun" title="Hunchun">Hunchun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Longjing,_Jilin" title="Longjing, Jilin">Longjing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Helong" title="Helong">Helong</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wuchang_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang City">Wuchang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nehe" title="Nehe">Nehe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hulin" title="Hulin">Hulin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mishan" title="Mishan">Mishan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tieli" title="Tieli">Tieli</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tongjiang,_Heilongjiang" title="Tongjiang, Heilongjiang">Tongjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fujin_City" title="Fujin City">Fujin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fuyuan,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyuan, Heilongjiang">Fuyuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Suifenhe" title="Suifenhe">Suifenhe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hailin" title="Hailin">Hailin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ning%27an" title="Ning'an">Ning'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Muling" title="Muling">Muling</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dongning,_Heilongjiang" title="Dongning, Heilongjiang">Dongning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bei%27an" title="Bei'an">Bei'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wudalianchi" title="Wudalianchi">Wudalianchi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anda,_Heilongjiang" title="Anda, Heilongjiang">Anda</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhaodong" title="Zhaodong">Zhaodong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hailun" title="Hailun">Hailun</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qidong_City" title="Qidong City">Qidong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Haimen" title="Haimen">Haimen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lin%27an_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an City">Lin'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cixi_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Cixi City">Cixi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fenghua" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenghua">Fenghua</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rui%27an" title="Rui'an">Rui'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yueqing" title="Yueqing">Yueqing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Haining_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Haining City">Haining</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pinghu" title="Pinghu">Pinghu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tongxiang" title="Tongxiang">Tongxiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhuji" title="Zhuji">Zhuji</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lanxi,_Zhejiang" title="Lanxi, Zhejiang">Lanxi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dongyang" title="Dongyang">Dongyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yongkang,_Zhejiang" title="Yongkang, Zhejiang">Yongkang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiangshan" title="Jiangshan">Jiangshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wenling" title="Wenling">Wenling</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Linhai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Longquan" title="Longquan">Longquan</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jieshou" title="Jieshou">Jieshou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tongcheng,_Anhui" title="Tongcheng, Anhui">Tongcheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tianchang" title="Tianchang">Tianchang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mingguang" title="Mingguang">Mingguang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ningguo" title="Ningguo">Ningguo</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fuqing" title="Fuqing">Fuqing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changle" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle">Changle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yong%27an" title="Yong'an">Yong'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shishi,_Fujian" title="Shishi, Fujian">Shishi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nan%27an,_Fujian" title="Nan'an, Fujian">Nan'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Longhai_City" title="Longhai City">Longhai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shaowu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wuyishan,_Fujian" title="Wuyishan, Fujian">Wuyishan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jian'ou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhangping" title="Zhangping">Zhangping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Leping" title="Leping">Leping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gongqingcheng" title="Gongqingcheng">Gongqingcheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lushan_City" title="Lushan City">Lushan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guixi" title="Guixi">Guixi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jinggangshan_City" title="Jinggangshan City">Jinggangshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Jiangxi" title="Fengcheng, Jiangxi">Fengcheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhangshu" title="Zhangshu">Zhangshu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gao%27an" title="Gao'an">Gao'an</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dexing,_Jiangxi" title="Dexing, Jiangxi">Dexing</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhangqiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu">Zhangqiu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jimo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo">Jimo</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yanshi" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</A></LI>
<LI>Jiyuan*</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Daye,_Hubei" class="mw-redirect" title="Daye, Hubei">Daye</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Danjiangkou" title="Danjiangkou">Danjiangkou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yidu,_Hubei" class="mw-redirect" title="Yidu, Hubei">Yidu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dangyang" title="Dangyang">Dangyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Laohekou" title="Laohekou">Laohekou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zaoyang" title="Zaoyang">Zaoyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yicheng,_Hubei" title="Yicheng, Hubei">Yicheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zhongxiang" title="Zhongxiang">Zhongxiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yingcheng" title="Yingcheng">Yingcheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anlu" title="Anlu">Anlu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hanchuan" title="Hanchuan">Hanchuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Macheng" title="Macheng">Macheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chibi_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Chibi City">Chibi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guangshui" title="Guangshui">Guangshui</A></LI>
<LI>Enshi*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lichuan,_Hubei" title="Lichuan, Hubei">Lichuan</A></LI>
<LI>Xiantao*</LI>
<LI>Qianjiang*</LI>
<LI>Tianmen*</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan</A></LI>
<LI>Jishou*</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cenxi" title="Cenxi">Cenxi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dongxing,_Guangxi" title="Dongxing, Guangxi">Dongxing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beiliu" title="Beiliu">Beiliu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jingxi" title="Jingxi">Jingxi</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangxi" title="Heshan, Guangxi">Heshan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pingxiang,_Guangxi" title="Pingxiang, Guangxi">Pingxiang</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Wuzhishan*</LI>
<LI>Qionghai*</LI>
<LI>Wenchang*</LI>
<LI>Wanning*</LI>
<LI>Dongfang*</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Pengzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qionglai_City" title="Qionglai City">Qionglai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Chongzhou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jianyang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shifang" title="Shifang">Shifang</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mianzhu" title="Mianzhu">Mianzhu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Emeishan_City" title="Emeishan City">Emeishan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Langzhong</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huaying" title="Huaying">Huaying</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wanyuan" title="Wanyuan">Wanyuan</A></LI>
<LI>Barkam*</LI>
<LI>Kangding*</LI>
<LI>Xichang*</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qingzhen" title="Qingzhen">Qingzhen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chishui,_Guizhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Chishui, Guizhou">Chishui</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Renhuai" title="Renhuai">Renhuai</A></LI>
<LI>Xingyi*</LI>
<LI>Kaili*</LI>
<LI>Duyun*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fuquan,_Guizhou" title="Fuquan, Guizhou">Fuquan</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anning,_Yunnan" title="Anning, Yunnan">Anning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xuanwei" title="Xuanwei">Xuanwei</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tengchong" title="Tengchong">Tengchong</A></LI>
<LI>Chuxiong*</LI>
<LI>Mengzi*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gejiu" title="Gejiu">Gejiu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Yunnan" title="Kaiyuan, Yunnan">Kaiyuan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mile_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Mile City">Mile</A></LI>
<LI>Wenshan*</LI>
<LI>Jinghong*</LI>
<LI>Dali*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ruili" title="Ruili">Ruili</A></LI>
<LI>Mangshi*</LI>
<LI>Lushui*</LI>
<LI>Shangri-La*</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>(none)</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</A></LI>
<LI>Linxia*</LI>
<LI>Hezuo*</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Yushu*</LI>
<LI>Golmud*</LI>
<LI>Delingha*</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lingwu" title="Lingwu">Lingwu</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Qingtongxia" title="Qingtongxia">Qingtongxia</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Changji*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</A></LI>
<LI>Bole*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Alashankou" title="Alashankou">Alashankou</A></LI>
<LI>Korla*</LI>
<LI>Aksu*</LI>
<LI>Artux*</LI>
<LI>Kashgar*</LI>
<LI>Hotan*</LI>
<LI>Yining*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Khorgas" title="Khorgas">Korgas</A></LI>
<LI>Tacheng*</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Wusu</A></LI>
<LI>Altay*</LI>
<LI>Shihezi*</LI>
<LI>Aral*</LI>
<LI>Tumxuk*</LI>
<LI>Wujiaqu*</LI>
<LI>Beitun*</LI>
<LI>Tiemenguan*</LI>
<LI>Shuanghe*</LI>
<LI>Kokdala*</LI>
<LI>Kunyu*</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><I><A href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</A></I><SUP>5</SUP></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><I>(none)</I></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
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<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton14" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>
<DIV id="Notes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><SPAN style="font-size:85%;">Notes</SPAN></DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">* Indicates this city has already occurred above.<BR />
<P><SUP>a</SUP><A href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipality_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-controlled municipality of China">Direct-controlled Municipalities</A>. <SUP>b</SUP><A href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China">Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals</A>. <SUP>c</SUP><A href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China">Separate state-planning cities</A>. <SUP>1</SUP><A href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zones_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Economic Zones of China">Special Economic Zone Cities</A>. <SUP>2</SUP><A href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zones_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Economic Zones of China">Coastal development cities</A>.<BR />
<SUP>3</SUP>Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by <A href="/wiki/Oroqen_Autonomous_Banner" title="Oroqen Autonomous Banner">Oroqen Autonomous Banner</A>, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.<BR />
<SUP>4</SUP>Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.<BR />
<SUP>5</SUP>The claimed province of <A href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</A> no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See <A href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Administrative divisions of the Republic of China">Template:Administrative divisions of the Republic of China</A> instead.<BR /></P>
All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
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<DIV style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </DIV>
<DIV class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;">
<UL>
<LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Most populous cities in the People's Republic of China"><ABBR title="View this template">v</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_populous_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Most populous cities in the People's Republic of China"><ABBR title="Discuss this template">t</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Most_populous_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template">e</ABBR></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<DIV style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><SPAN style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in China</SPAN><BR />
<SPAN style="font-weight:normal;"><A href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Population_Census_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China">Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (2010)</A></SPAN></DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH></TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in China by population">Rank</A></TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Name</A></TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</A></TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in China by population">Pop.</A></TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in China by population">Rank</A></TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Name</A></TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</A></TH>
<TH><A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in China by population">Pop.</A></TH>
<TH></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><A href="/wiki/File:Lujiazui_2016.jpg" class="image" title="Shanghai"><IMG alt="Shanghai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lujiazui_2016.jpg/120px-Lujiazui_2016.jpg" width="120" height="80" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lujiazui_2016.jpg/180px-Lujiazui_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Lujiazui_2016.jpg/240px-Lujiazui_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></A><BR />
<A href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</A><BR />
<A href="/wiki/File:Beijing_City_(4214640799).jpg" class="image" title="Beijing"><IMG alt="Beijing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Beijing_City_%284214640799%29.jpg/120px-Beijing_City_%284214640799%29.jpg" width="120" height="76" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Beijing_City_%284214640799%29.jpg/180px-Beijing_City_%284214640799%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Beijing_City_%284214640799%29.jpg/240px-Beijing_City_%284214640799%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4584" data-file-height="2888" /></A><BR />
<A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">1</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">20,217,700</TD>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">11</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">6,771,900</TD>
<TD rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><A href="/wiki/File:Chongqing,_China.jpg" class="image" title="Chongqing"><IMG alt="Chongqing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Chongqing%2C_China.jpg/120px-Chongqing%2C_China.jpg" width="120" height="80" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Chongqing%2C_China.jpg/180px-Chongqing%2C_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Chongqing%2C_China.jpg/240px-Chongqing%2C_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3936" data-file-height="2624" /></A><BR />
<A href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</A><BR />
<A href="/wiki/File:Tianhe_CBD.jpg" class="image" title="Guangzhou"><IMG alt="Guangzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Tianhe_CBD.jpg/120px-Tianhe_CBD.jpg" width="120" height="80" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Tianhe_CBD.jpg/180px-Tianhe_CBD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Tianhe_CBD.jpg/240px-Tianhe_CBD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></A><BR />
<A href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">2</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">16,858,700</TD>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">12</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">6,238,200</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">3</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">12,389,500</TD>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">13</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">5,890,700</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">4</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">10,641,400</TD>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">14</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">5,849,500</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">5</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">10,358,400</TD>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">15</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">5,399,300</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">6</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">10,007,700</TD>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">16</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">5,178,000</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">7</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">7,541,500</TD>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">17</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">4,222,400</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">8</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">7,271,300</TD>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">18</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">4,083,900</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">9</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">7,112,000</TD>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">19</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">3,990,900</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">10</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">7,055,071</TD>
<TD style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">20</TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:left;"><A href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</A></TD>
<TD style="text-align:right;">3,677,000</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
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<LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</ABBR></A></LI>
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</DIV>
<DIV id="Capitals_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</A> of Asia</DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">
<DIV><A href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</A> and <A href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</A> are in <I>italics</I></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;">
<DIV style="padding:0px;">
<TABLE class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;">North and Central Asia</TD>
<TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">South Asia</TD>
<TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Southeast Asia</TD>
<TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">West and Southwest Asia</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="vertical-align:top;">
<TD class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:20%;">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Ashgabat" title="Ashgabat">Ashgabat</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</A>*</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</A>*</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</A></LI>
</UL>
<DIV style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;"><B>East Asia</B></DIV>
<UL>
<LI><B><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</A></B>, <I><A href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</A></I> (China)</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</A></B>, <I><A href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</A></I> (China)</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</A></B>, <I><A href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</A></I> (ROC)</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</A></B>, <I><A href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">BIOT</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</A>)</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Kotte</A></B>/<B><A href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Thimphu" title="Thimphu">Thimphu</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan">Bandar Seri Begawan</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Flying_Fish_Cove" title="Flying Fish Cove">Flying Fish Cove</A></B>, <I><A href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</A>)</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</A>*</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</A></B></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/West_Island,_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands">West Island</A></B>, <I><A href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</A>)</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</A>*</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</A>*</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</A>*</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</A>/<A href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</A> <B>†</B></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</A>*</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</A></B>, <I><A href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</A></I>*</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Sana%27a" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Stepanakert" title="Stepanakert">Stepanakert</A></B>, <I><A href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</A></I>*</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</A></B>, <I><A href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</A></I>*</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</A>*</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</A></B>, <I><A href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</A></I>*</LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</A></B>, <A href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</A>*</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.3em; line-height:1.3em;">
<DIV><B>*</B><A href="/wiki/Transcontinental_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcontinental country">Transcontinental country</A>.<BR />
<B>†</B> Disputed. See: <A href="/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Positions on Jerusalem">Positions on Jerusalem</A>.</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</DIV>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Summer_Olympic_Games_host_cities" style="padding:3px">
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<LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_Summer_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template:Olympic Summer Games Host Cities"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</ABBR></A></LI>
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<DIV id="Summer_Olympic_Games_host_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympic Games</A> <A href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Olympic Games host cities">host cities</A></DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<DIV class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 14em; -webkit-column-width: 14em; column-width: 14em;">
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><IMG alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/France" title="France"><IMG alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics" title="1904 Summer Olympics">1904</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="539" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><IMG alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics" title="1912 Summer Olympics">1912</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><IMG alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics" title="1916 Summer Olympics">1916</A>:</B> <I>None</I><SUP>[c1]</SUP></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><IMG alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/France" title="France"><IMG alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><IMG alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1000" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><IMG alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_the_German_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_German_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_the_German_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_German_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_the_German_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_German_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics">1940</A>:</B> <I>None</I><SUP>[c2]</SUP></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics" title="1944 Summer Olympics">1944</A>:</B> <I>None</I><SUP>[c2]</SUP></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><IMG alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics">1952</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><IMG alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><IMG alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><IMG alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><IMG alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics" title="1968 Summer Olympics">1968</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><IMG alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="480" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany"><IMG alt="West Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><IMG alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><IMG alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281955-1980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281955-1980%29.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281955-1980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281955-1980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281955-1980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281955-1980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><IMG alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><IMG alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><IMG alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><IMG alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><IMG alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><IMG alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</A></LI>
<LI><I><B><A href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><IMG alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><B><A href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/France" title="France"><IMG alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><B><A href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</A></I></LI>
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<DIV><SUP>[c1]</SUP> Cancelled due to <A href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</A>; <SUP>[c2]</SUP> Cancelled due to <A href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</A></DIV>
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<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Paralympics" title="1960 Summer Paralympics">1960</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><IMG alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Paralympics" title="1964 Summer Paralympics">1964</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><IMG alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Paralympics" title="1968 Summer Paralympics">1968</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><IMG alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="480" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Paralympics" title="1972 Summer Paralympics">1972</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany"><IMG alt="West Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Paralympics" title="1976 Summer Paralympics">1976</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><IMG alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;;;;width:10em;">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Paralympics" title="1980 Summer Paralympics">1980</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><IMG alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Arnhem" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Paralympics" title="1984 Summer Paralympics">1984</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</A> / <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><IMG alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Stoke_Mandeville" title="Stoke Mandeville">Stoke Mandeville</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Paralympics" title="1988 Summer Paralympics">1988</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><IMG alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Paralympics" title="1992 Summer Paralympics">1992</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><IMG alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</A> / <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><IMG alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Paralympics" title="1996 Summer Paralympics">1996</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;;;;width:10em;">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Paralympics" title="2000 Summer Paralympics">2000</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><IMG alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Paralympics" title="2004 Summer Paralympics">2004</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><IMG alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Paralympics" title="2008 Summer Paralympics">2008</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Paralympics" title="2012 Summer Paralympics">2012</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><IMG alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;;;;width:10em;">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Paralympics" title="2016 Summer Paralympics">2016</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><IMG alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics" title="2020 Summer Paralympics">2020</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><IMG alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <I><A href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</A></I></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Paralympics" title="2024 Summer Paralympics">2024</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/France" title="France"><IMG alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <I><A href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</A></I></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Paralympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2028 Summer Paralympics">2028</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <I><A href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</A></I></LI>
</UL>
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<DIV id="Winter_Olympic_Games_host_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympic Games</A> <A href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Olympic Games host cities">host cities</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em;">
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics" title="1924 Winter Olympics">1924</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/France" title="France"><IMG alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Chamonix" title="Chamonix">Chamonix</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics" title="1928 Winter Olympics">1928</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><IMG alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" width="16" height="16" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics" title="1932 Winter Olympics">1932</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1000" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Lake_Placid,_New_York" title="Lake Placid, New York">Lake Placid</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">1936</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><IMG alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_the_German_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_German_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_the_German_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_German_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_the_German_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_German_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchen" title="Garmisch-Partenkirchen">Garmisch-Partenkirchen</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics" title="1940 Winter Olympics">1940</A>:</B> Cancelled due to <A href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1944_Winter_Olympics" title="1944 Winter Olympics">1944</A>:</B> Cancelled due to <A href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><IMG alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" width="16" height="16" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><IMG alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><IMG alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Cortina_d%27Ampezzo" title="Cortina d'Ampezzo">Cortina d'Ampezzo</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics" title="1960 Winter Olympics">1960</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="700" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Squaw_Valley,_Placer_County,_California" title="Squaw Valley, Placer County, California">Squaw Valley</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics" title="1964 Winter Olympics">1964</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><IMG alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">1968</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/France" title="France"><IMG alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics" title="1972 Winter Olympics">1972</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><IMG alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics" title="1976 Winter Olympics">1976</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><IMG alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Lake_Placid,_New_York" title="Lake Placid, New York">Lake Placid</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics" title="1984 Winter Olympics">1984</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><IMG alt="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia.svg/23px-Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia.svg/35px-Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia.svg/46px-Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics" title="1988 Winter Olympics">1988</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><IMG alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics" title="1992 Winter Olympics">1992</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/France" title="France"><IMG alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Albertville" title="Albertville">Albertville</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics" title="1994 Winter Olympics">1994</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><IMG alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Lillehammer" title="Lillehammer">Lillehammer</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><IMG alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Nagano,_Nagano" title="Nagano, Nagano">Nagano</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><IMG alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><IMG alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics" title="2014 Winter Olympics">2014</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><IMG alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><IMG alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Pyeongchang_County" title="Pyeongchang County">Pyeongchang</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics"><I>2022</I></A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <I><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A></I></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics" title="2026 Winter Olympics"><I>2026</I></A>:</B> <I>TBD</I></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/w/index.php?title=2030_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2030 Winter Olympics (page does not exist)"><I>2030</I></A>:</B> <I>TBD</I></LI>
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<DIV id="Winter_Paralympic_Games_host_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Winter_Paralympic_Games" title="Winter Paralympic Games">Winter Paralympic Games</A> <A href="/wiki/List_of_Paralympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Paralympic Games host cities">host cities</A></DIV>
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<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Paralympics" title="1976 Winter Paralympics">1976</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><IMG alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/%C3%96rnsk%C3%B6ldsvik" title="Örnsköldsvik">Örnsköldsvik</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Paralympics" title="1980 Winter Paralympics">1980</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><IMG alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Geilo" title="Geilo">Geilo</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1984_Winter_Paralympics" title="1984 Winter Paralympics">1984</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><IMG alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1988_Winter_Paralympics" title="1988 Winter Paralympics">1988</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><IMG alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</A></LI>
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<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;;;;width:10em;">
<DIV>
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1992_Winter_Paralympics" title="1992 Winter Paralympics">1992</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/France" title="France"><IMG alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Albertville" title="Albertville">Albertville</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1994_Winter_Paralympics" title="1994 Winter Paralympics">1994</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><IMG alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Lillehammer" title="Lillehammer">Lillehammer</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Paralympics" title="1998 Winter Paralympics">1998</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><IMG alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Nagano,_Nagano" title="Nagano, Nagano">Nagano</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Paralympics" title="2002 Winter Paralympics">2002</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</A></LI>
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<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Paralympics" title="2006 Winter Paralympics">2006</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><IMG alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Paralympics" title="2010 Winter Paralympics">2010</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><IMG alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Paralympics" title="2014 Winter Paralympics">2014</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><IMG alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Paralympics" title="2018 Winter Paralympics">2018</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><IMG alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <I><A href="/wiki/Pyeongchang_County" title="Pyeongchang County">PyeongChang</A></I></LI>
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<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Paralympics" title="2022 Winter Paralympics">2022</A>:</B> <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <I><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A></I></LI>
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<DIV id="Host_cities_of_Asian_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Host cities of <A href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</A></DIV>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Summer</A></TH>
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<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1951_Asian_Games" title="1951 Asian Games">1951</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1954_Asian_Games" title="1954 Asian Games">1954</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1958_Asian_Games" title="1958 Asian Games">1958</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1962_Asian_Games" title="1962 Asian Games">1962</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1966_Asian_Games" title="1966 Asian Games">1966</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1970_Asian_Games" title="1970 Asian Games">1970</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1974_Asian_Games" title="1974 Asian Games">1974</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1978_Asian_Games" title="1978 Asian Games">1978</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1982_Asian_Games" title="1982 Asian Games">1982</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1986_Asian_Games" title="1986 Asian Games">1986</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Games" title="1990 Asian Games">1990</A>:</B> <A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1994_Asian_Games" title="1994 Asian Games">1994</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1998_Asian_Games" title="1998 Asian Games">1998</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2002_Asian_Games" title="2002 Asian Games">2002</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2006_Asian_Games" title="2006 Asian Games">2006</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Games" title="2010 Asian Games">2010</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2014_Asian_Games" title="2014 Asian Games">2014</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2018_Asian_Games" title="2018 Asian Games">2018</A>:</B> <I><A href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</A></I>/<I><A href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</A></I></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2022_Asian_Games" title="2022 Asian Games">2022</A>:</B> <I><A href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</A></I></LI>
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<DIV><A href="/wiki/File:Asian_Games_logo.svg" class="image" title="Asian Games logo"><IMG alt="Asian Games logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/70px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png" width="70" height="71" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/105px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/140px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="406" /></A></DIV>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Asian_Winter_Games" title="Asian Winter Games">Winter</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1986_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1986 Asian Winter Games">1986</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1990 Asian Winter Games">1990</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1996_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1996 Asian Winter Games">1996</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/1999_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1999 Asian Winter Games">1999</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Gangwon_Province_(South_Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangwon Province (South Korea)">Kangwon</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2003_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2003 Asian Winter Games">2003</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Aomori,_Aomori" title="Aomori, Aomori">Aomori</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2007_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2007 Asian Winter Games">2007</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2011_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2011 Asian Winter Games">2011</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</A>-<A href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</A></LI>
<LI><B><A href="/wiki/2017_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2017 Asian Winter Games">2017</A>:</B> <A href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</A></LI>
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<DIV id="Host_cities_of_the_IAAF_World_Championships_in_Athletics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Host cities of the <A href="/wiki/IAAF_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="IAAF World Championships in Athletics">IAAF World Championships in Athletics</A></DIV>
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<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/1983_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1983 World Championships in Athletics">1983</A>: <A href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/1987_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1987 World Championships in Athletics">1987</A>: <A href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/1991_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1991 World Championships in Athletics">1991</A>: <A href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/1993_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1993 World Championships in Athletics">1993</A>: <A href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/1995_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1995 World Championships in Athletics">1995</A>: <A href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/1997_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1997 World Championships in Athletics">1997</A>: <A href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/1999_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1999 World Championships in Athletics">1999</A>: <A href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/2001_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2001 World Championships in Athletics">2001</A>: <A href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/2003_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2003 World Championships in Athletics">2003</A>: <A href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/2005_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2005 World Championships in Athletics">2005</A>: <A href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/2007_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2007 World Championships in Athletics">2007</A>: <A href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/2009_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2009 World Championships in Athletics">2009</A>: <A href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/2011_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2011 World Championships in Athletics">2011</A>: <A href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">Daegu</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/2013_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2013 World Championships in Athletics">2013</A>: <A href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/2015_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2015 World Championships in Athletics">2015</A>: <A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/2017_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2017 World Championships in Athletics">2017</A>: <A href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/2019_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2019 World Championships in Athletics">2019</A>: <I><A href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</A></I></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/2021_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2021 World Championships in Athletics">2021</A>: <I><A href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene</A></I></SPAN></LI>
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<DIV id="World&#039;s_twenty_most_populous_metropolitan_areas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's twenty <A href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_by_population" title="List of metropolitan areas by population">most populous metropolitan areas</A></DIV>
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<P>1 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><IMG alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo-Yokohama</A><BR />
2 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</A><BR />
3 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><IMG alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Jabodetabek" title="Jabodetabek">Jakarta</A><BR />
4 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/India" title="India"><IMG alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</A><BR />
5 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><IMG alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Seoul_Capital_Area" title="Seoul Capital Area">Seoul-Incheon</A><BR /></P>
<P><BR /></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:16em;">
<DIV>
<P><SPAN style="padding-left:0.3em;"> </SPAN> 6 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><IMG alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</A><BR />
<SPAN style="padding-left:0.3em;"> </SPAN> 7 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</A><BR />
<SPAN style="padding-left:0.3em;"> </SPAN> 8 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A><BR />
<SPAN style="padding-left:0.3em;"> </SPAN> 9 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</A><BR />
<SPAN style="padding-left:0.3em;"> </SPAN> 7 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><IMG alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="480" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</A><BR /></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:17em;">
<DIV>
<P>11 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><IMG alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</A><BR />
12 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><IMG alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</A><BR />
13 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/India" title="India"><IMG alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Mumbai_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai metropolitan area">Mumbai</A><BR />
14 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><IMG alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</A><BR />
15 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</A><BR /></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:15em;">
<DIV>
<P>16 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><IMG alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka</A><BR />
17 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><IMG alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</A><BR />
18 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</A><BR />
19 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</A><BR />
20 <SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><IMG alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Dhaka Area">Dhaka</A></P>
</DIV>
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</TR>
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<DIV id="World&#039;s_fifty_most-populous_urban_areas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's fifty <A href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_by_population" title="List of urban areas by population">most-populous urban areas</A></DIV>
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<TD class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding-left:0.25em;;;;width:20%;">
<DIV>
<OL style="margin-left:2.5em">
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><IMG alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</A>–<A href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</A> (<A href="/wiki/Keihin_region" title="Keihin region">Keihin</A>)</LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><IMG alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</A> (<A href="/wiki/Jabodetabek" title="Jabodetabek">Jabodetabek</A>)</LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/India" title="India"><IMG alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><IMG alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</A> (<A href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</A>)</LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><IMG alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</A>–<A href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</A> (<A href="/wiki/Seoul_Capital_Area" title="Seoul Capital Area">Sudogwon</A>)</LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><IMG alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A class="mw-selflink selflink">Beijing</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</A>–<A href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</A> (Guangfo)</LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:0.25em;;;;width:20%;">
<DIV>
<OL start="11" style="margin-left:2.5em">
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><IMG alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><IMG alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="480" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</A> (<A href="/wiki/Valley_of_Mexico" title="Valley of Mexico">Valley of Mexico</A>)</LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/India" title="India"><IMG alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><IMG alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</A>–<A href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</A>–<A href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</A> (<A href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Keihanshin</A>)</LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><IMG alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><IMG alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><IMG alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Greater Cairo</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><IMG alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/India" title="India"><IMG alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</A></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:0.25em;;;;width:20%;">
<DIV>
<OL start="21" style="margin-left:2.5em">
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><IMG alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Greater Buenos Aires</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><IMG alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><IMG alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><IMG alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><IMG alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><IMG alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/France" title="France"><IMG alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><IMG alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</A></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:0.25em;;;;width:20%;">
<DIV>
<OL start="31" style="margin-left:2.5em">
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><IMG alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">Greater London</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><IMG alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</A> (<A href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Chūkyō Metropolitan Area">Chūkyō</A>)</LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><IMG alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/India" title="India"><IMG alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/India" title="India"><IMG alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><IMG alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><IMG alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/India" title="India"><IMG alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</A></LI>
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<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><IMG alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Johannesburg#Urban_agglomeration" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</A></LI>
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<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/China" title="China"><IMG alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</A></LI>
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					<LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Achinese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пекин – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af" style="display: none;"><A href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als" style="display: none;"><A href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Alemannisch" lang="als" hreflang="als" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am" style="display: none;"><A href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A4%E1%8B%AA%E1%8C%82%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D" title="ቤዪጂንግ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beicing" title="Beicing – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بكين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an" style="display: none;"><A href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pequ%C3%ADn" title="Pequín – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp" style="display: none;"><A href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8quin" title="Pèquin – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as" style="display: none;"><A href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="বেইজিং – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beix%C3%ADn" title="Beixín – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pek%C4%A9" title="Pekĩ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az" style="display: none;"><A href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%A9%D9%86" title="پکن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="বেইজিং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ycing" title="Péycing – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Banjar</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan" style="display: none;"><A href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak-kia%E2%81%BF-chh%C4%AB" title="Pak-kiaⁿ-chhī – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="zh-min-nan" hreflang="zh-min-nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пекин – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be" style="display: none;"><A href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Пекін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old" style="display: none;"><A href="https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Пэкін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-x-old" hreflang="be-x-old" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="बीजिंग – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пекин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="པེ་ཅིང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br" style="display: none;"><A href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Бээжэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pequ%C3%ADn" title="Pequín – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пекин – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pek%C3%ADn" title="Pekín – Chavacano" lang="cbk-zam" hreflang="cbk-zam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da" style="display: none;"><A href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se" style="display: none;"><A href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%A9%DE%96%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8E" title="ބީޖިންގ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et" style="display: none;"><A href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el" style="display: none;"><A href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Πεκίνο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Пекин ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es" style="display: none;"><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pek%C3%ADn" title="Pekín – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekino" title="Pekino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pequ%C3%ADn" title="Pequín – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%A9%D9%86" title="پکن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle" title="good article"><A href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9kin" title="Pékin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ising" title="Béising – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd" style="display: none;"><A href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pequ%C3%ADn" title="Pequín – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan" style="display: none;"><A href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" title="北京 – Gan Chinese" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97" title="પેઇચિંગ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet-k%C3%AEn" title="Pet-kîn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal" style="display: none;"><A href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D3%99%D2%97%D2%A3_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%BB%D1%81%D0%BD" title="Бәәҗң балһсн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%95_%EC%8B%9C" title="베이징 시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw" style="display: none;"><A href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Պեկին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><A href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="बीजिंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io" style="display: none;"><A href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="বেইজিং – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id" style="display: none;"><A href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os" style="display: none;"><A href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пекин – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is" style="display: none;"><A href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it" style="display: none;"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechino" title="Pechino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he" style="display: none;"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="בייג'ינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Jawa</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬೀಜಿಂಗ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პეკინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B6%D1%96%D2%A3" title="Бейжің – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пекин – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_(kizunga)" title="Beijing (kizunga) – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peken" title="Peken – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бейжин – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пекин – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ປັກກິ່ງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lrc" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lrc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A6%DA%A9%D8%A3%D9%86" title="پئکأن – Northern Luri" lang="lrc" hreflang="lrc" class="interlanguage-link-target">لۊری شومالی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la" style="display: none;"><A href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechinum" title="Pechinum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekina" title="Pekina – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekinas" title="Pekinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechin" title="Pechin – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li" style="display: none;"><A href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beij%C3%ADng" title="Beijíng – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/beidjin" title="beidjin – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechin" title="Pechin – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lumbaart</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><A href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="बेइजिङ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Пекинг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ബെയ്‌ജിങ്ങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="पेकिंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf" style="display: none;"><A href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პეკინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz" style="display: none;"><A href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بيكين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%A9%D9%86" title="پکن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min" style="display: none;"><A href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" class="interlanguage-link-target">Baso Minangkabau</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1e%CC%A4k-g%C4%ADng" title="Báe̤k-gĭng – Min Dong Chinese" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pequin" title="Pequin – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бээжин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my" style="display: none;"><A href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ပေကျင်းမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pequin" title="Pequin – Nāhuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-na" style="display: none;"><A href="https://na.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Nauru" lang="na" hreflang="na" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dorerin Naoero</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijig" title="Beijig – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="बेइजिङ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new" style="display: none;"><A href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="बेइजिङ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="北京市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пекин – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9q%C3%B9in" title="Péqùin – Norman" lang="nrm" hreflang="nrm" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyjing" title="Beyjing – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc" style="display: none;"><A href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pequin" title="Pequin – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пекин – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or" style="display: none;"><A href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%82" title="ବେଜିଂ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz" style="display: none;"><A href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਬੀਜਿੰਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بیجنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bejing" title="Bejing – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بېجنگ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam" style="display: none;"><A href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biejing" title="Biejing – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km" style="display: none;"><A href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="ប៉េកាំង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9kin" title="Pékin – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechin" title="Pechin – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pequim" title="Pequim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh" style="display: none;"><A href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikkin" title="Pikkin – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue" style="display: none;"><A href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D2%91" title="Пекінґ – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пекин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пекин – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D" title="बीजिङ्ग् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq" style="display: none;"><A href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekini" title="Pekini – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechinu" title="Pechinu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si" style="display: none;"><A href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%82" title="බෙයිජිං – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple" style="display: none;"><A href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bejd%C5%BCing" title="Bejdżing – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so" style="display: none;"><A href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%86" title="پێکەن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><A href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Пекинг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><A href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su" style="display: none;"><A href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ijing" title="Béijing – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Sunda</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle" title="recommended article"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="பெய்ஜிங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara" style="display: none;"><A href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechine" title="Pechine – Tarantino" lang="roa-Tara" hreflang="roa-Tara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ханбалык – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча/tatarça</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te" style="display: none;"><A href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="బీజింగ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th" style="display: none;"><A href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="ปักกิ่ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пекин – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to" style="display: none;"><A href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy" style="display: none;"><A href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Пекін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بیجنگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%90%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="بېيجىڭ شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za" style="display: none;"><A href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekging" title="Baekging – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec" style="display: none;"><A href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pechin" title="Pechin – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep" style="display: none;"><A href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Kinh" title="Bắc Kinh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beycing" title="Beycing – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Võro" lang="fiu-vro" hreflang="fiu-vro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa" style="display: none;"><A href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical" style="display: none;"><A href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="北京市 – Classical Chinese" lang="zh-classical" hreflang="zh-classical" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war" style="display: none;"><A href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" title="北京 – Wu Chinese" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="בייזשינג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue" style="display: none;"><A href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" title="北京 – Cantonese" lang="zh-yue" hreflang="zh-yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq" style="display: none;"><A href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea" style="display: none;"><A href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peking" title="Peking – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pek%C4%97ns" title="Pekėns – Samogitian" lang="bat-smg" hreflang="bat-smg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="北京市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty" style="display: none;"><A href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="बेइजिङ – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peek%C9%9B%C9%9B" title="Peekɛɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</A></LI>				<BUTTON class="mw-interlanguage-selector mw-ui-button" title="All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)">209 more</BUTTON></UL>
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document_title: Beijing

token: Beijing

token: wikipedia

token: Jump

token: to

token: navigation

token: search

token: Peking

token: redirects

token: here

token: For

token: other

token: uses

token: see

token: disambiguation

token: and

token: <Table>

token: <Tr>

token: <Th colspan="2">

token: 北京

token: 市

token: <Td colspan="2">

token: Municipality

token: Clockwise

token: from

token: top

token: CBD

token: skyline

token: Tiananmen

token: Temple

token: of

token: Heaven

token: National

token: Center

token: for

token: the

token: Performing

token: Arts

token: Stadium

token: Location

token: within

token: China

token: Coordinates

token: N

token: E

token: <Th>

token: Country

token: <Td>

token: Established

token: BCE

token: Zhou

token: Dynasty

token: Divisions

token: County

token: level

token: Township

token: districts

token: towns

token: villages

token: বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া

token: српскохрватски

question_text: what was the city of beijing previously known as