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<TITLE>Symphony No. 40 (Mozart) - Wikipedia</TITLE>

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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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				<DIV id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><DIV class="mw-parser-output"><P><B>Symphony No. 40 in G minor</B>, <A href="/wiki/K%C3%B6chel-Verzeichnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Köchel-Verzeichnis">KV</A>. 550 was written by <A href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</A> in 1788. It is sometimes referred to as the "Great <A href="/wiki/G_minor" title="G minor">G minor</A> symphony", to distinguish it from the "Little G minor symphony", <A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._25_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 25 (Mozart)">No. 25</A>. The two are the only extant <A href="/wiki/Minor_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor key">minor key</A> <A href="/wiki/Symphony" title="Symphony">symphonies</A> Mozart wrote.<SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP></P>
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<H2>Contents</H2>
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<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Composition"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Composition</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#Premiere"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Premiere</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><A href="#The_music"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">The music</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><A href="#Reception"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Reception</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#Influence"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Influence</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><A href="#First_recording"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">First recording</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><A href="#Media"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Media</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><A href="#Notes"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Notes</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
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</DIV>
<P></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Composition">Composition</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The date of completion of this symphony is known exactly, since Mozart in his mature years kept a full catalog of his completed works; he entered the 40th Symphony into it on 25 July 1788.<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP> Work on the symphony occupied an exceptionally productive period of just a few weeks during which time he also completed the <A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._39_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 39 (Mozart)">39th</A> and <A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._41_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)">41st</A> symphonies (26 June and 10 August, respectively).<SUP id="cite_ref-Deutsch_3-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Deutsch-3">[3]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Harnoncourt" title="Nikolaus Harnoncourt">Nikolaus Harnoncourt</A> conjectured that Mozart composed the three symphonies as a unified work, pointing, among other things, to the fact that the Symphony No. 40, as the middle work, has no introduction (unlike No. 39) and does not have a finale of the scale of No. 41's.<SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The 40th symphony exists in two versions, differing primarily in that one includes parts for a pair of clarinets (with suitable adjustments made in the other wind parts). Most likely, the clarinet parts were added in a revised version.<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP> The autograph scores of both versions were acquired in the 1860s by <A href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</A>, who later donated the manuscripts to the <A href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_der_Musikfreunde" title="Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde">Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde</A> in Vienna, where they reside today.<SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Premiere">Premiere</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Premiere">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>As <A href="/wiki/Neal_Zaslaw" title="Neal Zaslaw">Neal Zaslaw</A> has pointed out, writers on Mozart have often suggested – or even asserted – that Mozart never heard his 40th Symphony performed. Some commentators go further, suggesting that Mozart wrote the symphony (and its companions, Nos. 39 and 41) without even intending it to be performed, but rather for posterity; as (to use <A href="/wiki/Alfred_Einstein" title="Alfred Einstein">Alfred Einstein</A>'s words), an "appeal to eternity".<SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Modern scholarship suggests that these conjectures are not correct. First, in a recently discovered 10 July 1802 letter by the musician Johann Wenzel (1762–1831) to the publisher Ambrosius Kühnel in Leipzig, Wenzel refers to a performance of the symphony at the home of Baron <A href="/wiki/Gottfried_van_Swieten" title="Gottfried van Swieten">Gottfried van Swieten</A> with Mozart present, but the execution was so poor that the composer had to leave the room.<SUP id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-8">[8]</A></SUP></P>
<P>There is strong circumstantial evidence for other, probably better, performances. On several occasions between the composition of the symphony and the composer's death, symphony concerts were given featuring Mozart's music for which copies of the program have survived, announcing a symphony unidentified by date or key. These include:<SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP></P>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</A>, 14 April 1789, during <A href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_Berlin_journey" title="Mozart's Berlin journey">Mozart's Berlin journey</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</A>, 12 May 1789, on the same trip</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</A>, 15 October 1790</LI>
<LI>Copies survive of a poster for a concert given by the <A href="/wiki/Tonk%C3%BCnstlersociet%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonkünstlersocietät">Tonkünstlersocietät</A> (Society of Musicians) 17 April 1791 in the <A href="/wiki/Burgtheater" title="Burgtheater">Burgtheater</A> in <A href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</A>, conducted by Mozart's colleague <A href="/wiki/Antonio_Salieri" title="Antonio Salieri">Antonio Salieri</A>. The first item on the program was billed as "A Grand Symphony composed by Herr <I>Mozart</I>".<SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<P>Most important is the fact that Mozart revised his symphony (see above). As Zaslaw says, this "demonstrates that [the symphony] was performed, for Mozart would hardly have gone to the trouble of adding the clarinets and rewriting the flutes and oboes to accommodate them, had he not had a specific performance in view".<SUP id="cite_ref-Zaslaw_1983,_9_11-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Zaslaw_1983,_9-11">[11]</A></SUP> The orchestra for the 1791 Vienna concert included the clarinetist brothers <A href="/wiki/Anton_Stadler" title="Anton Stadler">Anton</A> and <A href="/wiki/Johann_Stadler" title="Johann Stadler">Johann Nepomuk Stadler</A>; which, as Zaslaw points out, limits the possibilities to just the <A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._39_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 39 (Mozart)">39th</A> and 40th symphonies.<SUP id="cite_ref-Zaslaw_1983,_9_11-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Zaslaw_1983,_9-11">[11]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Zaslaw adds: "The version without clarinets must also have been performed, for the reorchestrated version of two passages in the slow movement, which exists in Mozart's hand, must have resulted from his having heard the work and discovered an aspect needing improvement".<SUP id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-12">[12]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-13">[13]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Regarding the concerts for which the Symphony was originally intended when it was composed in 1788, <A href="/wiki/Otto_Erich_Deutsch" title="Otto Erich Deutsch">Otto Erich Deutsch</A> suggests that Mozart was preparing to hold a series of three "Concerts in the Casino", in a new casino in the Spiegelgasse owned by Philipp Otto. Mozart even sent a pair of tickets for this series to his friend <A href="/wiki/Michael_Puchberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Puchberg">Michael Puchberg</A>. But it seems impossible to determine whether the concert series was held, or was cancelled for lack of interest.<SUP id="cite_ref-Deutsch_3-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Deutsch-3">[3]</A></SUP> Zaslaw suggests that only the first of the three concerts was actually held.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="The_music">The music</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The music">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The symphony is scored (in its revised version) for <A href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</A>, 2 <A href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboes</A>, 2 <A href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinets</A>, 2 <A href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoons</A>, 2 <A href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">horns</A>, and <A href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">strings</A>.</P>
<P>The work is in four <A href="/wiki/Movement_(music)" title="Movement (music)">movements</A>, in the usual arrangement for a <A href="/wiki/Classical_music_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical music era">classical-style</A> symphony (fast movement, slow movement, <A href="/wiki/Minuet" title="Minuet">minuet</A>, fast movement):</P>
<OL>
<LI>Molto <A href="/wiki/Tempo#Italian_tempo_markings" title="Tempo">allegro</A>, <SPAN class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><SPAN style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><SPAN style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><SUP style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><B>2</B></SUP><BR />
<SUB style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><B>2</B></SUB></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tempo#Italian_tempo_markings" title="Tempo">Andante</A>, <SPAN class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><SPAN style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><SPAN style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><SUP style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><B>6</B></SUP><BR />
<SUB style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><B>8</B></SUB></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Minuet" title="Minuet">Menuetto</A>. Allegretto – Trio, <SPAN class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><SPAN style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><SPAN style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><SUP style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><B>3</B></SUP><BR />
<SUB style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><B>4</B></SUB></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI>Finale. <A href="/wiki/Tempo#Italian_tempo_markings" title="Tempo">Allegro</A> assai, <SPAN class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><SPAN style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><SPAN style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><SUP style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><B>2</B></SUP><BR />
<SUB style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><B>2</B></SUB></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</OL>
<P>The first <A href="/wiki/Movement_(music)" title="Movement (music)">movement</A> begins darkly, not with its first <A href="/wiki/Theme_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (music)">theme</A> but with accompaniment, played by the lower strings with divided <A href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">violas</A>. The technique of beginning a work with an accompaniment figure was later used by Mozart in his <A href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._27_(Mozart)" title="Piano Concerto No. 27 (Mozart)">last piano concerto</A> (KV. 595) and later became a favourite of the <A href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantics</A> (examples include the openings of <A href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Mendelssohn</A>'s <A href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Mendelssohn)" title="Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)">Violin Concerto</A> and <A href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Sergei Rachmaninoff</A>'s <A href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._3_(Rachmaninoff)" title="Piano Concerto No. 3 (Rachmaninoff)">Third Piano Concerto</A>). The first theme is as follows.</P>
<DL>
<DD>
<DIV class="mw-ext-score" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/l/c/lcgklib02dg8jrscem788dxua7ur8u1/lcgklib0.midi" data-source="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/l/c/lcgklib02dg8jrscem788dxua7ur8u1/lcgklib0.ly"><IMG src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/l/c/lcgklib02dg8jrscem788dxua7ur8u1/lcgklib0.png" width="610" height="65" alt="
\relative c'' {
 \key g \minor
 \time 2/2
 r2 r4 es8(\p d) |
 d4 es8( d) d4 es8( d) |
 d4( bes') r bes8( a) |
 g4 g8( f) es4 es8( d) |
 c4 c
}
" /></DIV>
</DD>
</DL>
<P>The second movement is a lyrical work in <SPAN class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><SPAN style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><SPAN style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><SUP style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><B>6</B></SUP><BR />
<SUB style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><B>8</B></SUB></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN> time. It is in the <A href="/wiki/Subdominant" title="Subdominant">subdominant</A> key of the <A href="/wiki/Relative_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative major">relative major</A> of G minor (<A href="/wiki/B-flat_major" title="B-flat major">B<SPAN class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><SPAN class="music-flat">♭</SPAN></SPAN> major</A>): E<SPAN class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><SPAN class="music-flat">♭</SPAN></SPAN> major. The contrapuntal opening bars of this movement appear thus in keyboard reduction:</P>
<DL>
<DD><A href="/wiki/File:Mozart-s40-part_II-FirstTheme.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="Mozart-s40-part II-FirstTheme.JPG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mozart-s40-part_II-FirstTheme.JPG/850px-Mozart-s40-part_II-FirstTheme.JPG" width="850" height="408" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mozart-s40-part_II-FirstTheme.JPG/1275px-Mozart-s40-part_II-FirstTheme.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mozart-s40-part_II-FirstTheme.JPG/1700px-Mozart-s40-part_II-FirstTheme.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1964" data-file-height="943" /></A></DD>
</DL>
<P>The minuet begins with an angry, cross-accented <A href="/wiki/Hemiola" title="Hemiola">hemiola</A> rhythm and a pair of three-bar phrases, as shown in the following piano reduction:</P>
<P><A href="/wiki/File:Mozart-s40-part_III-FirstTheme.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="Mozart-s40-part III-FirstTheme.JPG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mozart-s40-part_III-FirstTheme.JPG/850px-Mozart-s40-part_III-FirstTheme.JPG" width="850" height="338" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mozart-s40-part_III-FirstTheme.JPG/1275px-Mozart-s40-part_III-FirstTheme.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mozart-s40-part_III-FirstTheme.JPG/1700px-Mozart-s40-part_III-FirstTheme.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1949" data-file-height="774" /></A></P>
<P>Various commentators<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><SPAN title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2016)">who?</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP> have asserted that while the music is labelled "minuet", it would hardly be suitable for dancing. The contrasting gentle trio section, in G major, alternates the playing of the string section with that of the winds.</P>
<P>The fourth movement opens with a series of rapidly ascending notes outlining the <A href="/wiki/Tonic_(music)" title="Tonic (music)">tonic</A> triad illustrating what is commonly referred to as the <A href="/wiki/Mannheim_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannheim School">Mannheim rocket.</A></P>
<DIV class="mw-ext-score" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/r/2/r2l1tr0t3rhl8ezbvt7xov6mnsaa0z7/r2l1tr0t.midi" data-source="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/r/2/r2l1tr0t3rhl8ezbvt7xov6mnsaa0z7/r2l1tr0t.ly"><IMG src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/r/2/r2l1tr0t3rhl8ezbvt7xov6mnsaa0z7/r2l1tr0t.png" width="270" height="77" alt="\relative c' { \time 2/2 \tempo "Allegro assai" \key g \minor \partial 4 d\p ( g )  bes-. d-. g-. bes2 ( a4 ) cis,8\f  }" /></DIV>
<P>The movement is written largely in eight-bar phrases, following the general tendency toward rhythmic squareness in the finales of classical-era symphonies.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP> A remarkable <A href="/wiki/Modulation_(music)" title="Modulation (music)">modulating</A> passage in which every tone in the <A href="/wiki/Chromatic_scale" title="Chromatic scale">chromatic scale</A> but one is played, strongly destabilising the key, occurs at the beginning of the <A href="/wiki/Musical_development" title="Musical development">development section</A>. The single note left out is in fact a G (the tonic).</P>
<DL>
<DD>
<DIV class="mw-ext-score" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/j/o/jommj7uh9oh7jdns1e1p7ysuqgfo1xw/jommj7uh.midi" data-source="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/j/o/jommj7uh9oh7jdns1e1p7ysuqgfo1xw/jommj7uh.ly"><IMG src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/j/o/jommj7uh9oh7jdns1e1p7ysuqgfo1xw/jommj7uh.png" width="757" height="87" alt="
\relative c'' {
 \key g \minor
 \time 2/2
 \partial 4 bes\f( |
 d4) f-. a-. bes-. |
 des2( c4) e,-. |
 as4-. r b,-. r |
 r2 r4 r8 \times 2/3 { b16( c d } |
 es!4-.) r fis,-. r |
 bes!4-. r r2 |
 cis,4-. r r2 |
 f!4-. r gis,-. r |
}
" /></DIV>
</DD>
</DL>
<P>The symphony typically has a duration of about 25 minutes.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>This work has elicited varying interpretations from critics. <A href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</A> regarded it as possessing "Grecian lightness and grace".<SUP id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-14">[14]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Donald_Francis_Tovey" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Francis Tovey">Donald Francis Tovey</A> saw in it the character of <I><A href="/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">opera buffa</A></I>. Almost certainly, however, the most common perception today is that the symphony is tragic in tone and intensely emotional; for example, <A href="/wiki/Charles_Rosen" title="Charles Rosen">Charles Rosen</A> (in <I>The Classical Style</I>) has called the symphony "a work of passion, violence, and grief".<SUP id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-15">[15]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Although interpretations differ, the symphony is unquestionably one of Mozart's most greatly admired works, and it is frequently performed and recorded.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Influence">Influence</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Influence">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P><A href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</A> knew the symphony well, copying out 29 bars from the score in one of his sketchbooks.<SUP id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-16">[16]</A></SUP> As <A href="/wiki/Gustav_Nottebohm" title="Gustav Nottebohm">Gustav Nottebohm</A> observed in 1887, the copied bars appear amid the sketches for Beethoven's <A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)">Fifth Symphony</A>, whose third movement begins with a pitch sequence similar to that of Mozart's finale (see example above).<SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[17]</A></SUP></P>
<DIV class="mw-ext-score" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/3/v/3vor8uhyxk2cyeu5vc9db3jhp35rrf5/3vor8uhy.midi" data-source="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/3/v/3vor8uhyxk2cyeu5vc9db3jhp35rrf5/3vor8uhy.ly"><IMG src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/3/v/3vor8uhyxk2cyeu5vc9db3jhp35rrf5/3vor8uhy.png" width="396" height="74" alt="\relative c{ \clef bass \key c \minor \time 3/4 \tempo "Allegro" \partial 4 g(\pp | c ees g | c2 ees4 | d2 fis,4) | g2.~ | g2.}" /></DIV>
<P><A href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Franz Schubert</A> likewise copied down the music of Mozart's minuet, and the minuet of his <A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Schubert)">Fifth Symphony</A> strongly evokes Mozart's.<SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP> Zaslaw has suggested that a passage late in <A href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</A>'s oratorio <I><A href="/wiki/The_Seasons_(Haydn)" title="The Seasons (Haydn)">The Seasons</A></I> (1801), a meditation on death, quotes the second movement of the 40th Symphony and was included by Haydn as a memorial to his long-dead friend.<SUP id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-19">[19]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="First_recording">First recording</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First recording">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The first known recording of the 40th Symphony is by the Victor Recording Company and issued in 1915 under the title "Symphony in G Minor". The Victor Concert Orchestra performed under the direction of conductor Walter B. Rogers. <SUP id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-20">[20]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Media">Media</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Media">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The following files contain a digital recording of a performance of the 40th Symphony by the <A href="/wiki/Fulda_Symphonic_Orchestra" title="Fulda Symphonic Orchestra">Fulda Symphonic Orchestra</A>. The performance took place on March 18, 2001 in the Orangerie in <A href="/wiki/Fulda" title="Fulda">Fulda</A>, Germany.</P>
<TABLE role="presentation" class="mbox-small" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000;">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD class="mbox-image">
<DIV class="center">
<DIV class="floatnone"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" height="50" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></DIV>
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<DIV style="padding:4px 0"><A href="/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Symphony_40_g-moll_-_1._Molto_allegro.ogg" title="File:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Symphony 40 g-moll - 1. Molto allegro.ogg">1st movement</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="mediaContainer" style="width:220px"><DIV class="mwPlayerContainer k-player" style="width: 220px; position: relative;"><DIV class="videoHolder"><DIV class="mwEmbedPlayer" id="mwe_player_0" style=""><IMG src="data:image/png,%89PNG%0D%0A%1A%0A%00%00%00%0DIHDR%00%00%00%01%00%00%00%01%08%02%00%00%00%90wS%DE%00%00%00%01sRGB%00%AE%CE%1C%E9%00%00%00%09pHYs%00%00%0B%13%00%00%0B%13%01%00%9A%9C%18%00%00%00%07tIME%07%DB%0B%0A%17%041%80%9B%E7%F2%00%00%00%19tEXtComment%00Created%20with%20GIMPW%81%0E%17%00%00%00%0CIDAT%08%D7c%60%60%60%00%00%00%04%00%01'4'%0A%00%00%00%00IEND%AEB%60%82" class="playerPoster" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 110px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px;" /></DIV><A target="_blank" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Symphony_40_g-moll_-_1._Molto_allegro.ogg"><DIV title="Play clip" class="play-btn-large" style="left: 50%; top: 50%; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: -27.5px;"></DIV></A></DIV></DIV></DIV>
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<DIV class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">Molto allegro</DIV>
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<DIV style="padding:4px 0"><A href="/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Symphony_40_g-moll_-_2._Andante.ogg" title="File:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Symphony 40 g-moll - 2. Andante.ogg">2nd movement</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">Andante</DIV>
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<DIV style="padding:4px 0"><A href="/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Symphony_40_g-moll_-_3._Menuetto,_Allegretto-Trio.ogg" title="File:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Symphony 40 g-moll - 3. Menuetto, Allegretto-Trio.ogg">3rd movement</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="mediaContainer" style="width:220px"><DIV class="mwPlayerContainer k-player" style="width: 220px; position: relative;"><DIV class="videoHolder"><DIV class="mwEmbedPlayer" id="mwe_player_2" style=""><IMG src="data:image/png,%89PNG%0D%0A%1A%0A%00%00%00%0DIHDR%00%00%00%01%00%00%00%01%08%02%00%00%00%90wS%DE%00%00%00%01sRGB%00%AE%CE%1C%E9%00%00%00%09pHYs%00%00%0B%13%00%00%0B%13%01%00%9A%9C%18%00%00%00%07tIME%07%DB%0B%0A%17%041%80%9B%E7%F2%00%00%00%19tEXtComment%00Created%20with%20GIMPW%81%0E%17%00%00%00%0CIDAT%08%D7c%60%60%60%00%00%00%04%00%01'4'%0A%00%00%00%00IEND%AEB%60%82" class="playerPoster" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 110px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px;" /></DIV><A target="_blank" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Symphony_40_g-moll_-_3._Menuetto%2C_Allegretto-Trio.ogg"><DIV title="Play clip" class="play-btn-large" style="left: 50%; top: 50%; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: -27.5px;"></DIV></A></DIV></DIV></DIV>
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<DIV class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">Menuetto, Allegretto-Trio</DIV>
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<DIV style="padding:4px 0"><A href="/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Symphony_40_g-moll_-_4._Allegro_assai.ogg" title="File:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Symphony 40 g-moll - 4. Allegro assai.ogg">4th movement</A></DIV>
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<DIV class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">Allegro assai</DIV>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">A possible exception is the so-called "<A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._16a_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 16a (Mozart)">Odense Symphony</A>", whose attribution to Mozart is doubtful; see <A href="/wiki/Mozart_symphonies_of_spurious_or_doubtful_authenticity" title="Mozart symphonies of spurious or doubtful authenticity">Mozart symphonies of spurious or doubtful authenticity</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Heartz 2009, p. 207.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Deutsch-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Deutsch_3-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Deutsch_3-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Deutsch 1965, p. 320.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation news">Clements, Andrew (23 July 2014). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jul/23/mozart-last-symphonies-nikolaus-harnoncourt-review">"Mozart: The Last Symphonies review – a thrilling journey through a tantalising new theory"</A>. <I>The Guardian</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Mozart%3A+The+Last+Symphonies+review+%E2%80%93+a+thrilling+journey+through+a+tantalising+new+theory&rft.date=2014-07-23&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2014%2Fjul%2F23%2Fmozart-last-symphonies-nikolaus-harnoncourt-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+40+%28Mozart%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Zaslaw 1983, p. 10.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">See Zaslaw (1983, p. 10), Swafford (1997, p. 287), and <A rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.omifacsimiles.com/brochures/moz_sym550.html">[1]</A>.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">For discussion of claims of this sort, see Zaslaw 1994; the quotation from Einstein is taken from this source.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-8"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Milada Jonášová: "Eine Aufführung der g-moll-Sinfonie KV 550 bei Baron van Swieten im Beisein Mozarts", in: <I>Mozart Studien</I> 20, Tutzing 2011, pp. 253–268. An abridged English translation was published in the <I>Newsletter of the Mozart Society of America</I> 16.1 (2012), currently available on line at <A rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://mozartsocietyofamerica.org/publications/newsletter/archive/MSA-JAN-12.pdf">[2]</A>. The letter reads "im Wien habe ich selbst es von verstorbenem Mozart gehört, als Er sie bei Baron Wanswiten [sic] hat produciren lassen, das[s] er wärend der production aus dem Zimmer sich hat entfernen müssen, wie man Sie unrichtig aufgeführt hat”, meaning "and in Vienna I have heard myself from the departed Mozart, that when he had it performed in Baron Wanswiten’s rooms, he had to leave the room during the performance because it was being played so incorrectly".</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">List from Zaslaw 1983.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">The text of the poster is given in Deutsch 1965, p. 393.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Zaslaw_1983,_9-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Zaslaw_1983,_9_11-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Zaslaw_1983,_9_11-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Zaslaw 1983, p. 9.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-12"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Zaslaw 1983, 9–10.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-13"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Though quoted heavily above, Zaslaw is not alone in denigrating the old view that the symphony was never performed: <A href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Biba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Biba (page does not exist)">Otto Biba</A> (2009) writes "Since there is no known date of a premiere performance, there developed the long standing legend among Mozart biographers of a romantic persuasion, who wished to portray primarily the brilliance and tragedy of a genius' life, that Mozart never heard performances of [his last] three symphonies. This arrogant assumption, which equates missing information with the theory that the event never happened, is not serious scholarship and must be rejected".</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-14"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Burnett 1967, p. 33.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-15"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Rosen 1997, p. 334.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-16"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Hopkins 1981.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Nottebohm 1887, p. 531.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Zaslaw and Cowdery 1990, p. 210.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-19"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">See No. 38, the aria "Erblicke hier, bethörter Mensch". Source: Zaslaw and Cowdery 1990, p. 210).</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-20"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/matrix/detail/700000755/C-15768-Symphony_in_G_minor">"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Symphony in G Minor"</A>. <I>Discography of American Historical Recordings</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discography+of+American+Historical+Recordings&rft.atitle=Wolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart+-+Symphony+in+G+Minor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadp.library.ucsb.edu%2Findex.php%2Fmatrix%2Fdetail%2F700000755%2FC-15768-Symphony_in_G_minor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+40+%28Mozart%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</OL>
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</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>Biba, Otto (2009). "Kommentar", <I>Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Sinfonie g-moll, KV 550. Autographe Partitur. Erste und zweite Fassung. Faksimile-Ausgabe</I>. Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Wien, p. 8.</LI>
<LI>Deutsch, Otto Erich (1965). <I>Mozart: A Documentary Biography</I>. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.</LI>
<LI>Heartz, Daniel (2009). <I>Mozart, Haydn and Early Beethoven, 1781–1802</I>. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Extracts on line at Google Books: <A rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ra6qxvtVs20C&pg=PA207&dq=mozart+entered+40th+symphony+in+catalog&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjs08adzcvOAhVH8WMKHcMfBrAQ6AEIKTAC#v=onepage&q=mozart%20entered%2040th%20symphony%20in%20catalog&f=false">[3]</A>.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Antony_Hopkins" title="Antony Hopkins">Hopkins, Antony</A> (1981) .<I>The Nine Symphonies of Beethoven</I>. Heineman.</LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation book">James, Burnett (1967). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?redir_esc=y&id=YT1FAQAAIAAJ&dq=schumann+mozart+%22lightness+and+grace%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22lightness+and+grace%22"><I>An Adventure in Music</I></A>. London: Baker<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">25 September</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Adventure+in+Music&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Baker&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Burnett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fredir_esc%3Dy%26id%3DYT1FAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3Dschumann%2Bmozart%2B%2522lightness%2Band%2Bgrace%2522%26focus%3Dsearchwithinvolume%26q%3D%2522lightness%2Band%2Bgrace%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphony+No.+40+%28Mozart%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI>Nottebohm, Gustav (1887). <I>Zweite Beethoviana</I>. Leipzig: C. F. Peters. Available on line: <A rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://imslp.org/wiki/Zweite_Beethoveniana_%28Nottebohm,_Gustav%29">[4]</A></LI>
<LI>Rosen, Charles (1997). <I>The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven</I>, expanded edition. New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company. Passage quoted may be viewed on line at Google Books: <A rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vGdcINvz9n4C&pg=PA324&lpg=PA324&dq=%22passion,+violence,+and+grief%22&source=bl&ots=tWYz7E-NDm&sig=iktYsooxeS3OMM6gICSdeuI7Ahw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjE86ahwu7OAhVB12MKHSG0DVsQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=%22passion%2C%20violence%2C%20and%20grief%22&f=false">[5]</A>.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg, Arnold</A> (1954, rvs. 1969). <I>Structural Functions of Harmony</I>. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Analyzes the wide-ranging development sections of both outer movements at some length.</LI>
<LI>Swafford, Jan (1997). <I>Johannes Brahms: A Biography</I>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Neal_Zaslaw" title="Neal Zaslaw">Zaslaw, Neal</A> (1983). Introductory notes to a recording of the 31st and 40th Symphonies made by <A href="/wiki/Christopher_Hogwood" title="Christopher Hogwood">Christopher Hogwood</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Academy_of_Ancient_Music" title="Academy of Ancient Music">Academy of Ancient Music</A>, Oiseau-Lyre 410-197-2.</LI>
<LI>Zaslaw, Neal (1994). "Mozart as Working Stiff". In James M. Morris, ed. <I>On Mozart</I>,<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><SPAN title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2016)">page needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP>. Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.</LI>
<LI>Zaslaw, Neal, and William Cowdery (1990). <I>The Compleat Mozart: A Guide to the Musical Works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</I>. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Extracts cited are viewable online at Google Books: <A rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CChN90GGcQQC&pg=PA210&dq=mozart+k+550&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpz8ezvdXOAhUPwmMKHYZwD7oQ6AEIUDAJ#v=onepage&q=mozart%20k%20550&f=false">[6]</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<TD class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <I><B><A href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:KV_550" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:KV 550">Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)</A></B></I>.</TD>
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<P><B>Versions of the score:</B></P>
<UL>
<LI class="mw-empty-elt"></LI>
<LI><I>Sinfonie in g minor K. 550 (1st version)</I>: <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/nma/nma_cont.php?vsep=111&gen=edition&l=1&p1=63">Score</A> and <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/nma/nma_cont.php?vsep=112&l=1&p1=19">critical report</A> <SPAN class="languageicon">(in German)</SPAN> in the <I><A href="/wiki/Neue_Mozart-Ausgabe" title="Neue Mozart-Ausgabe">Neue Mozart-Ausgabe</A></I></LI>
<LI class="mw-empty-elt"></LI>
<LI><I>Sinfonie in g minor K. 550 (2nd version)</I>: <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/nma/nma_cont.php?vsep=111&gen=edition&l=1&p1=125">Score</A> in the <I><A href="/wiki/Neue_Mozart-Ausgabe" title="Neue Mozart-Ausgabe">Neue Mozart-Ausgabe</A></I></LI>
<LI><A href="http://imslp.org/wiki/Symphony_No.40_(Mozart,_Wolfgang_Amadeus)" class="extiw" title="scores:Symphony No.40 (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus)">Symphony No. 40</A>: Scores at the <A href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</A> (IMSLP)</LI>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/variations/scores/bgn8245/index.html">Kalmus miniature editions</A>, from the William and Gayle Cook Music Library at the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Public_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Domain">Public Domain</A> version by the <A href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University Orchestra</A> at TEOC <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classicsplayer.com">Classical Music Radio</A>: <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120804031656/http://classicsplayer.com/Classics/MozartSymphonyNo40/play.php">Symphony No. 40</A></LI>
<LI>The apartment where Mozart wrote his last three Symphonies: <A href="/wiki/Michael_Lorenz_(musicologist)" title="Michael Lorenz (musicologist)">Michael Lorenz</A>, "Mozart's Apartment on the Alsergrund" <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.univie.ac.at/michael.lorenz/alsergrund">Article online</A></LI>
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<DIV id="Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</A></DIV>
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<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan; text-align: center;">Biography</TH>
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<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Biographies_of_Mozart" title="Biographies of Mozart">Biographies</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_birthplace" title="Mozart's birthplace">Birthplace</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozart_family_grand_tour" title="Mozart family grand tour">Grand tour</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_name" title="Mozart's name">Name</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_nationality" title="Mozart's nationality">Nationality</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozart_and_scatology" title="Mozart and scatology">Scatology</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozart_and_smallpox" title="Mozart and smallpox">Smallpox</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozart_in_Italy" title="Mozart in Italy">Italy</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_Berlin_journey" title="Mozart's Berlin journey">Berlin</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_and_Prague" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Prague">Prague</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Death_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Death</A></LI>
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<DIV><A href="/wiki/File:Croce-Mozart-Detail.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Croce-Mozart-Detail.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Croce-Mozart-Detail.jpg/90px-Croce-Mozart-Detail.jpg" width="90" height="117" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Croce-Mozart-Detail.jpg/135px-Croce-Mozart-Detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Croce-Mozart-Detail.jpg/180px-Croce-Mozart-Detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="748" /></A></DIV>
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<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/K%C3%B6chel_catalogue" title="Köchel catalogue">Köchel catalogue</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">List of compositions</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_concert_arias,_songs_and_canons_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of concert arias, songs and canons by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Concert arias, songs, canons</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozart_and_dance" title="Mozart and dance">Dances</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Horn_Concertos_(Mozart)" title="Horn Concertos (Mozart)">Horn concertos</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_masses_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of masses by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Masses</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_operas_by_Mozart" title="List of operas by Mozart">Operas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Piano_concertos_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Piano concertos</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_solo_piano_compositions_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of solo piano compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Works for solo piano</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_sonatas_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of sonatas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Sonatas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_symphonies_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Symphonies</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_compositional_method" title="Mozart's compositional method">Compositional method</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
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<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan; text-align: center;">Family</TH>
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<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">Leopold Mozart</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Mozart" title="Anna Maria Mozart">Anna Maria Mozart</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_Mozart" title="Maria Anna Mozart">Maria Anna Mozart (Nannerl)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Constanze_Mozart" title="Constanze Mozart">Constanze Mozart</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_Thekla_Mozart" title="Maria Anna Thekla Mozart">Maria Anna Thekla Mozart (Bäsle)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Wolfgang_Mozart" title="Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart">Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Karl_Thomas_Mozart" title="Karl Thomas Mozart">Karl Thomas Mozart</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Mozart" title="Johann Georg Mozart">Johann Georg Mozart</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Joseph_Lange" title="Joseph Lange">Joseph Lange</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/C%C3%A4cilia_Weber" title="Cäcilia Weber">Cäcilia Weber</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Josepha_Weber" title="Josepha Weber">Josepha Weber</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Aloysia_Weber" title="Aloysia Weber">Aloysia Weber</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sophie_Weber" title="Sophie Weber">Sophie Weber</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Georg_Nikolaus_von_Nissen" title="Georg Nikolaus von Nissen">Georg Nissen</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozart_family" title="Mozart family">Family trees</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan; text-align: center;">Influences</TH>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Beethoven_and_Mozart" title="Beethoven and Mozart">Beethoven</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mozart_and_Freemasonry" title="Mozart and Freemasonry">Freemasonry</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Haydn_and_Mozart" title="Haydn and Mozart">Haydn</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Antonio_Salieri#Interaction_with_Mozart" title="Antonio Salieri">Salieri</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_in_popular_culture" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in popular culture">Mozart in popular culture</A></LI>
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<LI><B><IMG alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <A href="/wiki/Category:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Category:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Category</A></B></LI>
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<DIV id="Symphonies_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/List_of_symphonies_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Symphonies</A> by <SPAN class="vcard"><SPAN class="fn"><A href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</A></SPAN></SPAN></DIV>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:tan;;width:1%">Unnumbered</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._16a_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 16a (Mozart)">K. 16a (Odense)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._19a_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 19a (Mozart)">K. 19a</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._45a_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 45a (Mozart)">K. 45a (Old Lambach)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._76_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 76 (Mozart)">K. 76</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._45b_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 45b (Mozart)">K. 45b</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._74g_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 74g (Mozart)">K. 74g</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._81_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 81 (Mozart)">K. 81</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._95_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 95 (Mozart)">K. 95</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._97_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 97 (Mozart)">K. 97</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._75_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 75 (Mozart)">K. 75</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._98_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 98 (Mozart)">K. 98</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._111%2B120_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 111+120 (Mozart)">K. 111+120</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._96_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 96 (Mozart)">K. 96</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._161_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 161 (Mozart)">K. 161</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._135%2B61h_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 135+61h (Mozart)">K. 135+61h</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._196%2B121_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 196+121 (Mozart)">K. 196+121</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony,_K._208%2B102_(Mozart)" title="Symphony, K. 208+102 (Mozart)">K. 208+102</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
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<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:tan;;width:1%">Numbered</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Mozart)">No. 1 (K. 16)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Mozart)">No. 2 (K. 17)</A><SUP><SMALL>a</SMALL></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 3 (Mozart)">No. 3 (K. 18)</A><SUP><SMALL>b</SMALL></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._4_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 4 (Mozart)">No. 4 (K. 19)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Mozart)">No. 5 (K. 22)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._6_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 6 (Mozart)">No. 6 (K. 43)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._7_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 7 (Mozart)">No. 7 (K. 45)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._8_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 8 (Mozart)">No. 8 (K. 48)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Mozart)">No. 9 (K. 73)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._10_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 10 (Mozart)">No. 10 (K. 74)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._11_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 11 (Mozart)">No. 11 (K. 84)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._12_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 12 (Mozart)">No. 12 (K. 110)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._13_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 13 (Mozart)">No. 13 (K. 112)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._14_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 14 (Mozart)">No. 14 (K. 114)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._15_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 15 (Mozart)">No. 15 (K. 124)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._16_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 16 (Mozart)">No. 16 (K. 128)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._17_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 17 (Mozart)">No. 17 (K. 129)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._18_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 18 (Mozart)">No. 18 (K. 130)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._19_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 19 (Mozart)">No. 19 (K. 132)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._20_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 20 (Mozart)">No. 20 (K. 133)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._21_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 21 (Mozart)">No. 21 (K. 134)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._22_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 22 (Mozart)">No. 22 (K. 162)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._23_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 23 (Mozart)">No. 23 (K. 181)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._24_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 24 (Mozart)">No. 24 (K. 182)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._25_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 25 (Mozart)">No. 25 (K. 183)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._26_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 26 (Mozart)">No. 26 (K. 184)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._27_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 27 (Mozart)">No. 27 (K. 199)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._28_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 28 (Mozart)">No. 28 (K. 200)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._29_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 29 (Mozart)">No. 29 (K. 201)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._30_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 30 (Mozart)">No. 30 (K. 202)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._31_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 31 (Mozart)">No. 31 (K. 297, Paris)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._32_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 32 (Mozart)">No. 32 (K. 318)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._33_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 33 (Mozart)">No. 33 (K. 319)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._34_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 34 (Mozart)">No. 34 (K. 338)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._35_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 35 (Mozart)">No. 35 (K. 385, Haffner)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._36_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 36 (Mozart)">No. 36 (K. 425, Linz)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._37_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 37 (Mozart)">No. 37 (K. 444)</A><SUP><SMALL>c</SMALL></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._38_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 38 (Mozart)">No. 38 (K. 504, Prague)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._39_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 39 (Mozart)">No. 39 (K. 543)</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._41_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)">No. 41 (K. 551, Jupiter)</A></LI>
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<LI><SUP><SMALL>a</SMALL></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Mozart)">No. 2</A> now attributed to <A href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">Leopold Mozart</A>.</LI>
<LI><SUP><SMALL>b</SMALL></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 3 (Mozart)">No. 3</A> now attributed to <A href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Abel" title="Carl Friedrich Abel">Carl Friedrich Abel</A>.</LI>
<LI><SUP><SMALL>c</SMALL></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Symphony_No._37_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 37 (Mozart)">No. 37</A> now attributed to <A href="/wiki/Michael_Haydn" title="Michael Haydn">Michael Haydn</A>.</LI>
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Sinfonie (Mozart) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfon%C3%ADa_n.%C2%BA_40_(Mozart)" title="Sinfonía n.º 40 (Mozart) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><A href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphonie_n%C2%BA_40_de_Mozart" title="Symphonie nº 40 de Mozart – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><A href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%96%A5%EA%B3%A1_40%EB%B2%88_(%EB%AA%A8%EC%B0%A8%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8)" title="교향곡 40번 (모차르트) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%B4%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1_%E2%84%96_40_(%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF)" title="Սիմֆոնիա № 40 (Մոցարտ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it" style="display: none;"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfonia_n._40_(Mozart)" title="Sinfonia n. 40 (Mozart) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he" style="display: none;"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A1%27_40_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%98" title="סימפוניה מס' 40 של מוצרט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E2%84%96_40_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98)" title="სიმფონია № 40 (მოცარტი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozart:_40._szimf%C3%B3nia" title="Mozart: 40. szimfónia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfonie_n.%C2%BA_40_(Mozart)" title="Sinfonie n.º 40 (Mozart) – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symfonie_nr._40_(Mozart)" title="Symfonie nr. 40 (Mozart) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%9F%BF%E6%9B%B2%E7%AC%AC40%E7%95%AA_(%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88)" title="交響曲第40番 (モーツァルト) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no" style="display: none;"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symfoni_nr._40_(Mozart)" title="Symfoni nr. 40 (Mozart) – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symfoni_nr._40_av_Mozart" title="Symfoni nr. 40 av Mozart – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XL_symfonia_(KV_550)" title="XL symfonia (KV 550) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfonia_n.%C2%BA_40_(Mozart)" title="Sinfonia n.º 40 (Mozart) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%E2%84%96_40_(%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82)" title="Симфония № 40 (Моцарт) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simfonija_%C5%A1t._40_(Mozart)" title="Simfonija št. 40 (Mozart) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinfonia_nro_40_(Mozart)" title="Sinfonia nro 40 (Mozart) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symfoni_nr_40_(WA_Mozart)" title="Symfoni nr 40 (WA Mozart) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th" style="display: none;"><A href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82_40_(%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97)" title="ซิมโฟนีหมายเลข 40 (โมซาร์ท) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%E2%84%96_40_(%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82)" title="Симфонія № 40 (Моцарт) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><A href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giao_h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_s%E1%BB%91_40_(Mozart)" title="Giao hưởng số 40 (Mozart) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC40%E8%99%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%9F%BF%E6%9B%B2_(%E8%8E%AB%E6%89%8E%E7%89%B9)" title="第40號交響曲 (莫扎特) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI>				<BUTTON class="mw-interlanguage-selector mw-ui-button" title="All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)">17 more</BUTTON></UL>
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document_title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)

token: Symphony

token: No.

token: Mozart

token: wikipedia

token: Jump

token: to

token: navigation

token: search

token: in

token: G

token: minor

token: KV.

token: was

token: written

token: by

token: Wolfgang

token: Amadeus

token: It

token: is

token: sometimes

token: referred

token: as

token: the

token: Great

token: symphony

token: distinguish

token: it

token: from

token: Little

token: The

token: two

token: are

token: only

token: extant

token: key

token: symphonies

token: wrote

token: Contents

token: Composition

token: Premiere

token: music

token: Reception

token: Influence

token: First

token: recording

token: Media

token: Notes

token: References

token: External

token: links

token: edit

token: date

token: completion

token: this

token: known

token: exactly

token: since

token: his

token: mature

question_text: what is the form of mozart symphony no 40