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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Gamete</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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<TD style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em">Part of <A href="/wiki/Category:Sex" title="Category:Sex">a series</A> on</TD>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</A></LI>
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<P>A <B>gamete</B> (from <A href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</A> γαμετή <I>gamete</I> from gamein "to marry"<SUP id="cite_ref-OnlineEtDict_1-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-OnlineEtDict-1">[1]</A></SUP>) is a <A href="/wiki/Haploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Haploid">haploid</A> <A href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cell</A> that fuses with another haploid cell during <A href="/wiki/Fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilization">fertilization</A> (conception) in <A href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</A> that <A href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">sexually reproduce</A>. In species that produce two <A href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphologically</A> distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a <A href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">female</A> is any individual that produces the larger type of gamete—called an <A href="/wiki/Ovum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovum">ovum</A> (or egg)—and a <A href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">male</A> produces the smaller <A href="/wiki/Tadpole" title="Tadpole">tadpole</A>-like type—called a <A href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</A>. In short a gamete is an egg (female gamete) or a sperm (male gamete). This is an example of <A href="/wiki/Anisogamy" title="Anisogamy">anisogamy</A> or <A href="/wiki/Heterogamy" title="Heterogamy">heterogamy</A>, the condition in which females and males produce gametes of different sizes (this is the case in humans; the human ovum has approximately 100,000 times the volume of a single human sperm cell<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-3">[3]</A></SUP>). In contrast, <A href="/wiki/Isogamy" title="Isogamy">isogamy</A> is the state of gametes from both sexes being the same size and shape, and given arbitrary designators for <A href="/wiki/Mating_type" title="Mating type">mating type</A>. The name gamete was introduced by the <A href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</A> biologist <A href="/wiki/Gregor_Mendel" title="Gregor Mendel">Gregor Mendel</A>. Gametes carry half the <A href="/wiki/Genetic_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic information">genetic information</A> of an individual, one <A href="/wiki/Ploidy" title="Ploidy">ploidy</A> of each type, and are created through <A href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">meiosis</A>.</P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Oogenesis" title="Oogenesis">Oogenesis</A> is the process of female gamete formation in animals. This process involves <A href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">meiosis</A> (including <A href="/wiki/Genetic_recombination" title="Genetic recombination">meiotic recombination</A>) occurring in the diploid primary <A href="/wiki/Oocyte" title="Oocyte">oocyte</A> to produce the haploid <A href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">ovum</A> (gamete). <A href="/wiki/Spermatogenesis" title="Spermatogenesis">Spermatogenesis</A> is the process of male gamete formation in animals. This process also involves meiosis (including meiotic recombination) occurring in the diploid primary <A href="/wiki/Spermatocyte" title="Spermatocyte">spermatocyte</A> to produce the haploid <A href="/wiki/Spermatozoon" title="Spermatozoon">spermatozoon</A> (gamete).</P>
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<H2>Contents</H2>
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<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Dissimilarity"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Dissimilarity</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#Sex_determination_in_humans_and_birds"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Sex determination in humans and birds</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><A href="#Artificial_gametes"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Artificial gametes</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><A href="#Plants"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Plants</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#Notes_and_references"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Notes and references</SPAN></A></LI>
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</DIV>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Dissimilarity">Dissimilarity</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Dissimilarity">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>In contrast to a gamete, the diploid <A href="/wiki/Somatic_cell" title="Somatic cell">somatic cells</A> of an individual contain one copy of the chromosome set from the sperm and one copy of the chromosome set from the egg cell; that is, the cells of the offspring have genes expressing characteristics of both the <I>father</I> and the <I>mother</I>. A gamete's chromosomes are not exact duplicates of either of the sets of chromosomes carried in the diploid chromosomes, and often undergo random mutations resulting in modified DNA (and subsequently, new proteins and <A href="/wiki/Phenotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenotypes">phenotypes</A>).</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Sex_determination_in_humans_and_birds">Sex determination in humans and birds</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sex determination in humans and birds">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>In <A href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</A>, a normal ovum can carry only an <A href="/wiki/X_chromosome" title="X chromosome">X chromosome</A> (of the X and <A href="/wiki/Y_chromosomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Y chromosomes">Y chromosomes</A>), whereas a sperm may carry either an X or a Y (a non-normal ovum can end up carrying two or no X chromosomes, as a result of a irregularity at either of the two stages of meiosis, while a non-normal sperm cell can end up carrying either no sex-defining chromosomes, an XY pair, or XX pair as a result of the forementioned reason); ergo the male sperm can play a role in determining the <A href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</A> of any resulting <A href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">zygote</A>, if the zygote has two X chromosomes it may develop into a female, if it has an X and a Y chromosome, it may develop into a male.<SUP id="cite_ref-Phelan2009_4-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Phelan2009-4">[4]</A></SUP> For birds, the female ovum determines the sex of the offspring, through the <A href="/wiki/ZW_sex-determination_system" title="ZW sex-determination system">ZW sex-determination system</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-Phelan2009_4-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Phelan2009-4">[4]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Artificial_gametes">Artificial gametes</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Artificial gametes">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Artificial gametes, also known as In vitro derived gametes (IVD), stem cell-derived gametes (SCDGs), and In vitro generated gametes (IVG), are gametes derived from <A href="/wiki/Stem_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem cells">stem cells</A>. Research shows that artificial gametes may be a reproductive technique for same-sex male couples, although a <A href="/wiki/Surrogate_mother" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrogate mother">surrogate mother</A> would still be required for the gestation period.<SUP id="cite_ref-med_5-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-med-5">[5]</A></SUP> Women who have passed <A href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">menopause</A> may be able to produce eggs and bear genetically related children with artificial gametes.<SUP id="cite_ref-med_5-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-med-5">[5]</A></SUP> Robert Sparrow wrote, in the <A href="/wiki/Journal_of_Medical_Ethics" title="Journal of Medical Ethics">Journal of Medical Ethics</A>, that embryos derived from artificial gametes could be used to derive new gametes and this process could be repeated to create multiple human generations in the laboratory.<SUP id="cite_ref-sparrow_6-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-sparrow-6">[6]</A></SUP> This technique could be used to create <A href="/wiki/Cell_culture" title="Cell culture">cell lines</A> for medical applications and for studying the heredity of <A href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">genetic disorders</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-sparrow_6-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-sparrow-6">[6]</A></SUP> Additionally, this technique could be used for <A href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">human enhancement</A> by <A href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">selectively breeding</A> for a desired genome or by using <A href="/wiki/Recombinant_DNA" title="Recombinant DNA">recombinant DNA</A> technology to create enhancements that have not arisen in nature.<SUP id="cite_ref-sparrow_6-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-sparrow-6">[6]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Plants">Plants</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Plants">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P><A href="/wiki/Plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Plants">Plants</A> which reproduce sexually also have gametes. However, since plants have an <A href="/wiki/Alternation_of_generations" title="Alternation of generations">alternation of diploid and haploid generations</A> some differences exist. In <A href="/wiki/Flowering_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowering plants">flowering plants</A> the <A href="/wiki/Flowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowers">flowers</A> use <A href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">meiosis</A> to produce a haploid generation which produce gametes through mitosis. The female haploid is called the <A href="/wiki/Ovule" title="Ovule">ovule</A> and is produced by the <A href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">ovary</A> of the flower. When mature the haploid ovule produces the female gamete which are ready for fertilization. The male haploid is <A href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">pollen</A> and is produced by the <A href="/wiki/Anther" class="mw-redirect" title="Anther">anther</A>, when pollen lands on a mature <A href="/wiki/Stigma_(botany)" title="Stigma (botany)">stigma</A> of a flower it grows a <A href="/wiki/Pollen_tube" title="Pollen tube">pollen tube</A> down into the flower. The haploid pollen then produces sperm by mitosis and releases them for fertilization.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Gamete&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes and references">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-OnlineEtDict-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-OnlineEtDict_1-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gamete&allowed_in_frame=0">"gamete"</A>. <A href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=gamete&rft.pub=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dgamete%26allowed_in_frame%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="/wiki/Arthur_Milnes_Marshall" title="Arthur Milnes Marshall">Marshall, A. M.</A> 1893. <I>Vertebrate embryology: a text-book for students and practitioners</I>. GP Putnam's Sons.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-3"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Yeung, C., M. Anapolski, M. Depenbusch, M. Zitzmann, and T. Cooper. 2003. "Human sperm volume regulation. Response to physiological changes in osmolality, channel blockers and potential sperm osmolytes." <I>Human Reproduction</I> 18:1029.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Phelan2009-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Phelan2009_4-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Phelan2009_4-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Jay Phelan (30 April 2009). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F4okAxTXPtIC&pg=PA237"><I>What Is Life?: A Guide to Biology W/Prep-U</I></A>. Macmillan. pp. 237–. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4292-2318-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4292-2318-8">978-1-4292-2318-8</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">8 October</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Is+Life%3F%3A+A+Guide+to+Biology+W%2FPrep-U&rft.pages=237-&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2009-04-30&rft.isbn=978-1-4292-2318-8&rft.au=Jay+Phelan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF4okAxTXPtIC%26pg%3DPA237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-med-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-med_5-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-med_5-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Newson, A J; Smajdor, A C (2005). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jme.bmj.com/content/31/3/184.full.pdf+html">"Artificial gametes: new paths to parenthood?"</A>. <I>Journal of Medical Ethics</I>. <B>31</B>: 184–186. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1136%2Fjme.2003.004986">10.1136/jme.2003.004986</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">26 February</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Ethics&rft.atitle=Artificial+gametes%3A+new+paths+to+parenthood%3F&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=184-186&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fjme.2003.004986&rft.aulast=Newson&rft.aufirst=A+J&rft.au=Smajdor%2C+A+C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjme.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2F31%2F3%2F184.full.pdf%2Bhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-sparrow-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-sparrow_6-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-sparrow_6-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-sparrow_6-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Sparrow, Robert (4 April 2013). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2013/02/13/medethics-2012-101200.full">"In vitro eugenics"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Journal_of_Medical_Ethics" title="Journal of Medical Ethics">Journal of Medical Ethics</A></I>. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1136%2Fmedethics-2012-101200">10.1136/medethics-2012-101200</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">8 March</SPAN> 2015</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Ethics&rft.atitle=In+vitro+eugenics&rft.date=2013-04-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fmedethics-2012-101200&rft.aulast=Sparrow&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjme.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2Fearly%2F2013%2F02%2F13%2Fmedethics-2012-101200.full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamete" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
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<DIV id="Human_physiology_of_sexual_reproduction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">Human physiology</A> of <A href="/wiki/Human_reproduction" title="Human reproduction">sexual reproduction</A></DIV>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Menarche" title="Menarche">Menarche</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">Menstruation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Follicular_phase" title="Follicular phase">Follicular phase</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation">Ovulation</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Spermatogenesis" title="Spermatogenesis">Spermatogenesis</A> (<A href="/wiki/Spermatogonium" title="Spermatogonium">spermatogonium</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spermatocyte" title="Spermatocyte">spermatocyte</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spermatid" title="Spermatid">spermatid</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Oogenesis" title="Oogenesis">Oogenesis</A> (<A href="/wiki/Oogonium" title="Oogonium">oogonium</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Oocyte" title="Oocyte">oocyte</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Immature_ovum" title="Immature ovum">ootid</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">ovum</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Germ_cell" title="Germ cell">Germ cell</A> (<A href="/wiki/Gonocyte" title="Gonocyte">gonocyte</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">gamete</A>)</LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Sexual arousal</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">Erection</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">Ejaculation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Insemination" title="Insemination">Insemination</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_fertilization" title="Human fertilization">Fertilisation</A>/<A href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">Fertility</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Implantation_(human_embryo)" title="Implantation (human embryo)">Implantation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Postpartum_period" title="Postpartum period">Postpartum period</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics of sex</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Prenatal_development" title="Prenatal development">Prenatal development</A>/<A href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</A>/<A href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation_in_humans" title="Sexual differentiation in humans">Sexual differentiation</A> (<A href="/wiki/Feminization_(biology)" title="Feminization (biology)">Feminization</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Virilization" title="Virilization">Virilization</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">Puberty</A> (<A href="/wiki/Gonadarche" title="Gonadarche">Gonadarche</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pubarche" title="Pubarche">Pubarche</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Menarche" title="Menarche">Menarche</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spermarche" title="Spermarche">Spermarche</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adrenarche" title="Adrenarche">Adrenarche</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Advanced_maternal_age" title="Advanced maternal age">Maternal age</A> / <A href="/wiki/Paternal_age_effect" title="Paternal age effect">Paternal age</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">Climacteric</A> (<A href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">Menopause</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Late-onset_hypogonadism" title="Late-onset hypogonadism">Late-onset hypogonadism</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tanner_scale" title="Tanner scale">Tanner scale</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">Ovum</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Oviparity" title="Oviparity">Oviposition</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Oviparity" title="Oviparity">Oviparity</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ovoviviparity" title="Ovoviviparity">Ovoviviparity</A></LI>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93gonadal_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis">Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93prolactin_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis">Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">Hormone</A></LI>
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					<LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af" style="display: none;"><A href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameet" title="Gameet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als" style="display: none;"><A href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – Alemannisch" lang="als" hreflang="als" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><A href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_(%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="جاميت (أحياء) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az" style="display: none;"><A href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qamet" title="Qamet – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="গ্যামেট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be" style="display: none;"><A href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old" style="display: none;"><A href="https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамэта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-x-old" hreflang="be-x-old" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0meta" title="Gàmeta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohlavn%C3%AD_bu%C5%88ka" title="Pohlavní buňka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da" style="display: none;"><A href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et" style="display: none;"><A href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameet" title="Gameet – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA" title="گامت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><A href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gam%C3%A8te" title="Gamète – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaim%C3%A9it" title="Gaiméit – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%83%81%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC" title="단상세포 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Գամետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameta" title="Gameta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io" style="display: none;"><A href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><A href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_gamet" title="Sel gamet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is" style="display: none;"><A href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kynfruma" title="Kynfruma – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it" style="display: none;"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_gametica" title="Cellula gametica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he" style="display: none;"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90_%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="תא רבייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="გამეტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gam%C3%A8t" title="Gamèt – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la" style="display: none;"><A href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellula_sexualis" title="Cellula sexualis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameta" title="Gameta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameta" title="Gameta – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivarsejt" title="Ivarsejt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗാമീറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><A href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameet" title="Gameet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%81%B6%E5%AD%90" title="配偶子 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no" style="display: none;"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8nnscelle" title="Kjønnscelle – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8nnscelle" title="Kjønnscelle – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc" style="display: none;"><A href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameta" title="Gameta – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameta" title="Gameta – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A2meta" title="Gâmeta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple" style="display: none;"><A href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohlavn%C3%A1_bunka" title="Pohlavná bunka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%AA" title="گامێت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Гамет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukupuolisolu" title="Sukupuolisolu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nscell" title="Könscell – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81" title="பாலணு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th" style="display: none;"><A href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8C" title="เซลล์สืบพันธุ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гамета – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%AD%90" title="配子 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI>				<BUTTON class="mw-interlanguage-selector mw-ui-button" title="All languages 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document_title: Gamete

token: Gamete

token: wikipedia

token: Jump

token: to

token: navigation

token: search

token: <Table>

token: <Tr>

token: <Td>

token: Part

token: of

token: a

token: series

token: <Th>

token: Sex

token: Biological

token: terms

token: <Ul>

token: <Li>

token: Sexual

token: dimorphism

token: differentiation

token: Feminization

token: Virilization

token: determination

token: system

token: XY

token: ZW

token: Temperature

token: dependent

token: Haplodiploidy

token: Heterogametic

token: sex

token: Homogametic

token: chromosome

token: X

token: Y

token: Testis

token: determining

token: factor

token: Hermaphrodite

token: Sequential

token: hermaphroditism

token: Intersex

token: reproduction

token: Evolution

token: sexual

token: Anisogamy

token: Isogamy

token: српскохрватски

question_text: explain what will happen if a normal gamete like y fertilises gamete x