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<TITLE>Cuban War of Independence - Wikipedia</TITLE>

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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Cuban War of Independence</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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<DIV class="mbox-text-span">The <B><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</A> of this article is <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</A></B>. <SPAN class="hide-when-compact">Relevant discussion may be found on the <A href="/wiki/Talk:Cuban_War_of_Independence##" title="Talk:Cuban War of Independence">talk page</A>. Please do not remove this message until <A href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</A>.</SPAN> <SMALL><I>(March 2014)</I></SMALL> <SMALL class="hide-when-compact"><I>(<A href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</A>)</I></SMALL></DIV>
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<TH class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Cuban War of Independence</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><A href="/wiki/File:Adolescente_reconcentrado._Restos_%C3%B3seos_de_miles_de_v%C3%ADctimas..jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="Adolescente reconcentrado. Restos óseos de miles de víctimas..jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Adolescente_reconcentrado._Restos_%C3%B3seos_de_miles_de_v%C3%ADctimas..jpg/220px-Adolescente_reconcentrado._Restos_%C3%B3seos_de_miles_de_v%C3%ADctimas..jpg" width="220" height="139" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Adolescente_reconcentrado._Restos_%C3%B3seos_de_miles_de_v%C3%ADctimas..jpg/330px-Adolescente_reconcentrado._Restos_%C3%B3seos_de_miles_de_v%C3%ADctimas..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Adolescente_reconcentrado._Restos_%C3%B3seos_de_miles_de_v%C3%ADctimas..jpg/440px-Adolescente_reconcentrado._Restos_%C3%B3seos_de_miles_de_v%C3%ADctimas..jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="316" /></A><BR />
An estimated 200,000 Cubans died in Spanish concentration camps.<SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2">
<TABLE style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH style="padding-right:1em">Date</TH>
<TD>February 24, 1895–February 15, 1898<BR />
(2 years, 11 months, 3 weeks and 1 day)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="padding-right:1em">Location</TH>
<TD><SPAN class="location"><A href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</A> (<A href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</A>)</SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="padding-right:1em">Result</TH>
<TD>
<P>Cuban victory</P>
<UL>
<LI>American Intervention; Expulsion of the Spanish colonial government during <A href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</A> (1898).</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Treaty of Paris</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Government_in_Cuba" title="United States Military Government in Cuba">United States Military Government in Cuba</A></LI>
<LI>Cuban independence</LI>
</UL>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">
<P><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><IMG alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)">Spain</A></P>
<UL>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Spanish Cuba</A></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Spanish Philippines</A></LI>
</UL>
</TD>
<TD style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"><SPAN class="flagicon"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/History_of_Cuba" title="History of Cuba">Cuban nationalists</A><BR />
<SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><IMG alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="539" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"><A href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain_(1785-1873_and_1875-1931).svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png" width="20" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></A> <A href="/wiki/Arsenio_Linares_y_Pombo" title="Arsenio Linares y Pombo">Arsenio Linares</A><BR />
<A href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain_(1785-1873_and_1875-1931).svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png" width="20" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></A> <A href="/wiki/Manuel_Mac%C3%ADas_y_Casado" title="Manuel Macías y Casado">Manuel Macías</A><BR />
<A href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain_(1785-1873_and_1875-1931).svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png" width="20" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></A> <A href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Blanco,_1st_Marquis_of_Pe%C3%B1a_Plata" title="Ramón Blanco, 1st Marquis of Peña Plata">Ramón Blanco</A><BR />
<A href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain_(1785-1873_and_1875-1931).svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png" width="20" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></A> <A href="/wiki/Valeriano_Weyler" title="Valeriano Weyler">Valeriano Weyler</A><BR />
<A href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain_(1785-1873_and_1875-1931).svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png" width="20" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></A> <A href="/wiki/Patricio_Montojo" class="mw-redirect" title="Patricio Montojo">Patricio Montojo</A><BR />
<A href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain_(1785-1873_and_1875-1931).svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png" width="20" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></A> <A href="/wiki/Pascual_Cervera_y_Topete" title="Pascual Cervera y Topete">Pascual Cervera</A></TD>
<TD style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"><SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><IMG alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ximo_G%C3%B3mez" title="Máximo Gómez">Máximo Gómez</A><BR />
<SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><IMG alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Calixto_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Calixto García">Calixto García</A><BR />
<SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><IMG alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="José Martí">José Martí</A> †<BR />
<SPAN class="flagicon"><A href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><IMG alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></A></SPAN> <A href="/wiki/Antonio_Maceo_Grajales" title="Antonio Maceo Grajales">Antonio Maceo</A> †<BR />
<A href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1896-1908).svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Flag of the United States (1896-1908).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png" width="20" height="11" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="539" /></A> <A href="/wiki/Nelson_A._Miles" title="Nelson A. Miles">Nelson A. Miles</A><BR />
<A href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1896-1908).svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Flag of the United States (1896-1908).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png" width="20" height="11" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="539" /></A> <A href="/wiki/William_Rufus_Shafter" title="William Rufus Shafter">William Shafter</A><BR />
<A href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1896-1908).svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Flag of the United States (1896-1908).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png" width="20" height="11" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="539" /></A> <A href="/wiki/George_Dewey" title="George Dewey">George Dewey</A><BR />
<A href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(1896-1908).svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Flag of the United States (1896-1908).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png" width="20" height="11" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896-1908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="539" /></A> <A href="/wiki/William_T._Sampson" title="William T. Sampson">William T. Sampson</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">196,000<SUP id="cite_ref-clodfelter_2-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-clodfelter-2">[2]</A></SUP><SUP class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<SPAN>255</SPAN></SUP></TD>
<TD style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em">53,774 rebels<SUP id="cite_ref-clodfelter_2-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-clodfelter-2">[2]</A></SUP><SUP class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<SPAN>308</SPAN></SUP><BR />
28,000–60,000 US regulars and 200,000+ volunteers<SUP id="cite_ref-clodfelter_2-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-clodfelter-2">[2]</A></SUP><SUP class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<SPAN>255</SPAN></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">
<P>786 killed in action<SUP id="cite_ref-clodfelter_2-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-clodfelter-2">[2]</A></SUP><SUP class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<SPAN>308</SPAN></SUP><BR />
8,627 DOW<SUP id="cite_ref-clodfelter_2-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-clodfelter-2">[2]</A></SUP><SUP class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<SPAN>308</SPAN></SUP><BR />
53,313 dead from disease<SUP id="cite_ref-clodfelter_2-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-clodfelter-2">[2]</A></SUP><SUP class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<SPAN>308</SPAN></SUP></P>
<HR />
900 killed in action (1898)<SUP id="cite_ref-clodfelter_2-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-clodfelter-2">[2]</A></SUP><SUP class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<SPAN>255</SPAN></SUP></TD>
<TD style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em">
<P>5,180 Cuban insurgents died in combat<BR />
3,437 Cuban insurgents dead from disease<SUP id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3">[3]</A></SUP></P>
<HR />
385 US soldiers died in combat<BR />
2,061 US soldiers dead from disease<SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;">300,000 total Cubans dead<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP> (most of them civilian fatalities in the concentration camps)<SUP id="cite_ref-clodfelter_2-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-clodfelter-2">[2]</A></SUP><SUP class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<SPAN>308</SPAN></SUP></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
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<DIV id="Spanish_colonial_campaigns" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><SPAN style="line-height:1.6em"><A href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire"><SPAN class="wrap">Spanish colonial campaigns</SPAN></A></SPAN></DIV>
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<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Conquest of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands (1402–96)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guinea" title="Battle of Guinea">Guinea (1478)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Melilla" title="Conquest of Melilla">Morocco (1497)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Oran_(1509)" title="Spanish conquest of Oran (1509)">Orán (1509)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_Bugia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conquest of Bugia (page does not exist)">Bugia (1510)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Tripoli_(1510)" title="Spanish conquest of Tripoli (1510)">Tripoli (1510)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornada_de_los_Gelves_(1510)" class="extiw" title="es:Jornada de los Gelves (1510)">Djerba (1510)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Capture_of_Algiers_(1516)" title="Capture of Algiers (1516)">Algeria (1516)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tlemcen_(1517)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Tlemcen (1517)">Algeria (1517–18)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornada_de_los_Gelves_(1520)" class="extiw" title="es:Jornada de los Gelves (1520)">Djerba (1520)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mexican_Indian_Wars" title="Mexican Indian Wars">Mexico (1519–1821)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Mexico (1519–21)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Chiapas" title="Spanish conquest of Chiapas">Chiapas (1523–1695)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Guatemala (1524–1697)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Pet%C3%A9n" title="Spanish conquest of Petén">Petén (1618–97)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_El_Salvador" title="Spanish conquest of El Salvador">El Salvador (1524-39)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Honduras" title="Spanish conquest of Honduras">Honduras (1524–39)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Yucatán (1527–1697)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Capture_of_Algiers_(1529)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Algiers (1529)">Algeria (1529)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Inca_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire">Peru (1531–72)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1534)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1534)">Tunisia (1534)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1535)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1535)">Tunisia (1535)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Arauco_War" title="Arauco War">Chile (1536–1810)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Colombia (1537-1540)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Algiers_expedition_(1541)" title="Algiers expedition (1541)">Algeria (1541)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Capture_of_Mahdiye_(1550)" title="Capture of Mahdiye (1550)">Tunisia (1550)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli_(1551)" title="Siege of Tripoli (1551)">Libya (1551)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Capture_of_Bougie" title="Capture of Bougie">Algeria (1555)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Siege_of_Oran_(1556)" title="Siege of Oran (1556)">Algeria (1556)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Expedition_to_Mostaganem_(1558)" title="Expedition to Mostaganem (1558)">Algeria (1558)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djerba" title="Battle of Djerba">Tunisia (1560)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sieges_of_Oran_and_Mers_El_K%C3%A9bir" title="Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir">Algeria (1563)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_conflict" title="Spanish–Moro conflict">Philippines (1565–1900)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Philippine_revolts_against_Spain" title="Philippine revolts against Spain">Philippines (1567–1872)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1574)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1574)">Tunisia (1574)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1595)" title="Battle of San Juan (1595)">Puerto Rico (1595)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pinos" title="Battle of Pinos">Cuba (1596)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1598)" title="Battle of San Juan (1598)">Puerto Rico (1598)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mehdya,_Morocco#Spanish_occupation_(1614–81)" title="Mehdya, Morocco">Morocco (1614)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_expedition_to_Formosa" title="Spanish expedition to Formosa">Formosa (1626)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Kitts_(1629)" title="Battle of St. Kitts (1629)">St. Kitts (1629)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battles_of_La_Naval_de_Manila" title="Battles of La Naval de Manila">Philippines (1646)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Siege_of_Santo_Domingo_(1655)" title="Siege of Santo Domingo (1655)">Hispaniola (1655)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Jamaica" title="Invasion of Jamaica">Jamaica (1655)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife_(1657)" title="Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1657)">Canary Islands (1657)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ocho_Rios" title="Battle of Ocho Rios">Jamaica (1657)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rio_Nuevo" title="Battle of Rio Nuevo">Jamaica (1658)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">North America (1702–13)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/1712_Huilliche_rebellion" title="1712 Huilliche rebellion">Chiloé (1712)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nassau_(1720)" title="Battle of Nassau (1720)">Bahamas (1720)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Portuguese_War_(1735%E2%80%9337)" title="Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–37)">Banda Oriental (1735–37)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">North America (1739–48)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/First_Cevallos_expedition" title="First Cevallos expedition">Sacramento (1762–63)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Havana_(1762)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Havana (1762)">Cuba (1762)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_R%C3%ADo_San_Juan_de_Nicaragua" title="Battle for the Río San Juan de Nicaragua">Nicaragua (1762)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1762)" title="Battle of Manila (1762)">Philippines (1762)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Portuguese_War_(1776%E2%80%9377)" title="Spanish–Portuguese War (1776–77)">Sacramento (1776–77)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain in the American Revolutionary War">North America (1779–83)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1796%E2%80%931808)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808)">Americas (1796–1808)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/British_invasions_of_the_River_Plate" title="British invasions of the River Plate">Río de la Plata (1806–07)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Luz_de_Am%C3%A9rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Luz de América">Ecuador (1809)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peruvian_War_of_Independence" title="Peruvian War of Independence">Peru (1811–24)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bolivian_War_of_Independence" title="Bolivian War of Independence">Bolivia (1809–25)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/West_Florida_Controversy" title="West Florida Controversy">Florida (1810)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Paraguay_campaign" title="Paraguay campaign">Paraguay (1810–11)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Argentine_War_of_Independence" title="Argentine War of Independence">Argentina (1810–18)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence" title="Mexican War of Independence">Mexico (1810–21)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chilean_War_of_Independence" title="Chilean War of Independence">Chile (1810–26)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/1811_Independence_Movement" title="1811 Independence Movement">El Salvador (1811)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Piedras_(1811)" title="Battle of Las Piedras (1811)">Uruguay (1811)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Venezuelan_War_of_Independence" title="Venezuelan War of Independence">Venezuela (1811–23)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_reconquest_of_New_Granada" title="Spanish reconquest of New Granada">Colombia (1815–16)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvar%27s_campaign_to_liberate_New_Granada" title="Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada">Colombia (1819–20)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_War_of_Independence" title="Ecuadorian War of Independence">Ecuador (1820–22)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_attempts_to_reconquer_Mexico" title="Spanish attempts to reconquer Mexico">Mexico (1821–29)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish_expedition_to_Balanguingui" title="Spanish expedition to Balanguingui">Balanguingui (1848)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cochinchina_Campaign" title="Cochinchina Campaign">Cochinchina (1858–62)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hispano-Moroccan_War_(1859%E2%80%9360)" title="Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60)">Morocco (1859–60)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dominican_Restoration_War" title="Dominican Restoration War">Dominican Republic (1863–65)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chincha_Islands_War" title="Chincha Islands War">Chile/Peru (1864–66)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ten_Years%27_War" title="Ten Years' War">Cuba (1868–78)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Little_War_(Cuba)" title="Little War (Cuba)">Cuba (1879–80)</A></LI>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuba (1895–98)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippines (1896–98)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Campaign" title="Puerto Rican Campaign">Puerto Rico (1898)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Capture_of_Guam" title="Capture of Guam">Guam (1898)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rif_War" title="Rif War">Morocco (1920–26)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Morocco (1957–58)</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</DIV>
<TABLE class="vertical-navbox vcard plainlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%">
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<TH style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em">
<DIV style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:65%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <A href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Cuba" title="Category:History of Cuba"><B>a series</B></A> on the</DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH class="vcard navbox-title" style="background: none; font-size: 145%;padding: 0.15em 0.1em;line-height: 1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/History_of_Cuba" title="History of Cuba">History of <SPAN class="fn org label">Cuba</SPAN></A></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding: 0.2em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><A href="/wiki/File:Insigne_Cubicum.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Insigne Cubicum.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Insigne_Cubicum.svg/50px-Insigne_Cubicum.svg.png" width="50" height="57" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Insigne_Cubicum.svg/75px-Insigne_Cubicum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Insigne_Cubicum.svg/100px-Insigne_Cubicum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="343" /></A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="padding:0.1em;background:#eee"><A href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Cuba" title="Governorate of Cuba">Governorate of Cuba</A> <SMALL>(1511–1519)</SMALL></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="padding:0.1em;background:#eee"><A href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">Viceroyalty of New Spain</A> <SMALL>(1535–1821)</SMALL></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="padding:0.1em;background:#eee"><A href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Captaincy General of Cuba</A> <SMALL>(1607–1898)</SMALL></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<UL>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuban War of Independence</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Treaty of Paris</A></LI>
</UL>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="padding:0.1em;background:#eee"><A href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Government_in_Cuba" title="United States Military Government in Cuba">US Military Government</A> <SMALL>(1898–1902)</SMALL></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="padding:0.1em;background:#eee"><A href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cuba_(1902%E2%80%9359)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Cuba (1902–59)">Republic of Cuba</A> <SMALL>(1902–1959)</SMALL></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Second_Occupation_of_Cuba" title="Second Occupation of Cuba">Cuban Pacification</A> <SMALL>(1906–1909)</SMALL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Negro_Rebellion" title="Negro Rebellion">Negro Rebellion</A> <SMALL>(1912)</SMALL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sugar_Intervention" title="Sugar Intervention">Sugar Intervention</A> <SMALL>(1917–1922)</SMALL></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</A> <SMALL>(1953–1959)</SMALL></LI>
</UL>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="padding:0.1em;background:#eee"><A href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Republic of Cuba</A> <SMALL>(1959–)</SMALL></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_intervention_in_Angola" title="Cuban intervention in Angola">Intervention in Angola</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Special_Period" title="Special Period">Special Period</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_Thaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Thaw">Cuban Thaw</A></LI>
</UL>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="padding:0.1em;background:#eee"><A href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cuban_history" title="Timeline of Cuban history">Timeline</A></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH style="padding:0.1em;background:#eee">Topical</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Cuba" title="Military history of Cuba">Military history</A></LI>
</UL>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><A href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cuba.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="Flag of Cuba.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/16px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" width="16" height="8" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/24px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></A> <A href="/wiki/Portal:Cuba" title="Portal:Cuba">Cuba portal</A></TD>
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<P>The <B>Cuban War of Independence</B> (<A href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</A>: <I><SPAN lang="es" xml:lang="es">Guerra de Independencia cubana</SPAN></I>, 1895–98) was the last of three liberation wars that <A href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</A> fought against <A href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</A>, the other two being the <A href="/wiki/Ten_Years%27_War" title="Ten Years' War">Ten Years' War</A> (1868–1878) and the <A href="/wiki/Little_War_(Cuba)" title="Little War (Cuba)">Little War</A> (1879–1880). The final three months of the conflict escalated to become the <A href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</A>, with United States forces being deployed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the <A href="/wiki/Philippine_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Islands">Philippine Islands</A> against Spain. Historians disagree as to the extent that United States officials were motivated to intervene for humanitarian reasons but agree that <A href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">yellow journalism</A> exaggerated atrocities attributed to Spanish forces against Cuban civilians.</P>
<P></P>
<DIV id="toc" class="toc">
<DIV class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">
<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Background"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Background</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#War"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">War</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><A href="#The_Maine_incident"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">The <I>Maine</I> incident</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><A href="#The_Spanish–American_War"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">The Spanish–American War</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#Peace"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Peace</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><A href="#Analysis"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Analysis</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><A href="#Further_reading"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Further reading</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<P></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</SPAN></H2>
<P>During the years 1869–1888 of the so-called “Rewarding Truce”, lasting for 17 years from the end of the Ten Years' War in 1878, there were fundamental social changes in Cuban society. With the abolition of slavery in October 1886, freedmen joined the ranks of farmers and the urban working class. The economy could no longer sustain itself with the shift and changes; therefore, many wealthy Cubans lost their property, and joined the urban middle class. The number of sugar mills dropped and efficiency increased: only companies, and the most powerful plantation owners, remained in business followed by the Central Board of Artisans in 1879, and many more across the island.<SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP> After his second deportation to Spain in 1878, <A href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="José Martí">José Martí</A> moved to the United States in 1881. There he mobilized the support of the Cuban exile community, especially in <A href="/wiki/Ybor_City" title="Ybor City">Ybor City</A> (Tampa area) and <A href="/wiki/Key_West" title="Key West">Key West</A>, Florida. His goal was revolution in order to achieve independence from Spain. Martí lobbied against the U.S. annexation of Cuba, which was desired by some politicians in both the U.S. and Cuba.</P>
<P>After deliberations with patriotic clubs across the United States, the Antilles and Latin America, “El Partido Revolucionario Cubano” (The Cuban Revolutionary Party) was in a state of pendency and was affected by a growing fear that the U.S. government would try to annex Cuba before the revolution could liberate the island from Spain”.<SUP id="cite_ref-wfbftj_8-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-wfbftj-8">[8]</A></SUP> A new trend of aggressive U.S. “influence” was expressed by Secretary of State <A href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</A>'s suggestion that all of Central and South America would some day fall to the U.S.:</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>“That rich island”, Blaine wrote on 1 December 1881, “the key to the Gulf of Mexico, is, though in the hands of Spain, a part of the American commercial system… If ever ceasing to be Spanish, Cuba must necessarily become American and not fall under any other European domination”.<SUP id="cite_ref-wqswxw_9-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-wqswxw-9">[9]</A></SUP></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Blaine’s vision did not allow the existence of an independent Cuba. “Martí noticed with alarm the movement to annex <A href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</A>, viewing it as establishing a pattern for Cuba…” <SUP id="cite_ref-wfbftj_8-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-wfbftj-8">[8]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="War">War</SPAN></H2>
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<DIV class="mbox-text-span">This section <B>does not <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</A> any <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</A></B>. <SPAN class="hide-when-compact">Please help <A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cuban_War_of_Independence&action=edit">improve this section</A> by <A href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1">adding citations to reliable sources</A>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</A>.</SPAN> <SMALL><I>(February 2012)</I></SMALL> <SMALL class="hide-when-compact"><I>(<A href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</A>)</I></SMALL></DIV>
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<P>On December 25, 1894, three ships; the <I>Lagonda</I>, the <I>Almadis</I> and the <I>Baracoa</I>, set sail for Cuba from Fernandina Beach, Florida, loaded with soldiers and weapons. Two of the ships were seized by US authorities in early January, but the proceedings went ahead. Not to be dissuaded, on March 25, Martí presented the <A href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_Montecristi" title="Manifesto of Montecristi">Manifesto of Montecristi</A>, which outlined the policy for Cuba’s war of independence:</P>
<UL>
<LI>The war was to be waged by blacks and whites alike;</LI>
<LI>Participation of all blacks was crucial for victory;</LI>
<LI>Spaniards who did not object to the war effort should be spared,</LI>
<LI>Private rural properties should not be damaged; and</LI>
<LI>The revolution should bring new economic life to Cuba.</LI>
</UL>
<P>The insurrection began on February 24, 1895, with uprisings all across the island. In <A href="/wiki/Oriente_Province" title="Oriente Province">Oriente</A>, the most important ones took place in <A href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago</A>, <A href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Guantánamo">Guantánamo</A>, Jiguaní, San Luis, <A href="/wiki/El_Cobre,_Cuba" title="El Cobre, Cuba">El Cobre</A>, El Caney, Alto Songo, Bayate, and Baire. The uprisings in the central part of the island, such as Ibarra, Jagüey Grande, and Aguada, suffered from poor coordination and failed; the leaders were captured, some of them deported and some executed. In the province of Havana, the insurrection was discovered before it was underway, and authorities detained its leaders. The insurgents further west in Pinar del Río were ordered by rebel leaders to wait.</P>
<P>On April 1 and 11, 1895, the main <A href="/wiki/Mambises" title="Mambises">Mambi</A> leaders landed on two expeditions in Oriente: Major General <A href="/wiki/Antonio_Maceo_Grajales" title="Antonio Maceo Grajales">Antonio Maceo</A> along with 22 members near <A href="/wiki/Baracoa" title="Baracoa">Baracoa</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="José Martí">José Martí</A>, <A href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ximo_G%C3%B3mez" title="Máximo Gómez">Máximo Gómez</A> and 4 other members in Playitas. Around that time, Spanish forces in Cuba numbered about 80,000, of which 20,000 were regular troops and 60,000 were Spanish and Cuban volunteer militia. The latter were a locally enlisted force that took care of most of the “guard and police” duties on the island. Wealthy landowners would “volunteer” a number of their slaves to serve in this force, which was under local control as militia and not under official military command. By December, Spain had sent 98,412 regular troops to the island, and the colonial government increased the Volunteer Corps to 63,000 men. By the end of 1897, there were 240,000 regulars and 60,000 irregulars on the island. The revolutionaries were far outnumbered.</P>
<P>The Mambises were named after the Negro Spanish officer, <A href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Ethninius_Mamby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Ethninius Mamby (page does not exist)">Juan Ethninius Mamby</A> who joined the <A href="/wiki/History_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Dominican Republic">Dominican fight for independence in 1844</A>. The Spanish soldiers referred to the insurgents in the Dominican Republic as “the men of Mamby” or “Mambies”. When Cuba’s first war of independence broke out in 1868, some of those same soldiers were assigned to Cuba; they brought along what by then become a derogatory Spanish slur for insurgents. The Cubans adopted the name with pride.</P>
<P>After the <A href="/wiki/Ten_Years%27_War" title="Ten Years' War">Ten Years' War</A>, the government had forbidden possession of weapons by private individuals. From the beginning of the uprising, the rebels were hampered by the lack of suitable weapons. They compensated by using guerrilla-style fighting, based on quick raids and fades to the environment, the element of surprise, mounting their forces on fast horses, and using machetes against regular troops on the march. They acquired most of their weapons and ammunition in raids on the Spaniards. Between June 11, 1895, and November 30, 1897, out of sixty attempts to bring weapons and supplies to the rebels from outside the country, only one succeeded through the protection of the British. Twenty-eight ships were intercepted within U.S. territory; five were intercepted at sea by the U.S. Navy, and four by the Spanish Navy; two were wrecked; one was driven back to port by storm; the fate of another is unknown.</P>
<P>Martí was killed shortly after landing on May 19, 1895, at Dos Rios, but Máximo Gomez and Antonio Maceo fought on, taking the war to all parts of Oriente. By the end of June, all of <A href="/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey" title="Camagüey">Camagüey</A> was at war. Based on new research in Cuban sources, historian John Lawrence Tone demonstrated that Gomez and Maceo were the first to force the civilian forces to choose sides. "Either they relocated to the east side of the islands, where the Cubans controlled the mountainous terrain, or they would be accused of supporting the Spanish and be subject to immediate trial and execution."<SUP id="cite_ref-krohn_10-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-krohn-10">[10]</A></SUP> Continuing west, they were joined by 1868 war veterans, such as Polish internationalist General <A href="/wiki/Carlos_Roloff" title="Carlos Roloff">Carlos Roloff</A> and <A href="/w/index.php?title=Seraf%C3%ADn_S%C3%A1nchez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serafín Sánchez (page does not exist)">Serafín Sánchez</A> in Las Villas, who brought weapons, men and experience to the revolutionaries' arsenal.</P>
<P>In mid-September, representatives of the five Liberation Army Corps assembled in Jimaguayú, Camagüey to approve the “Jimaguayú Constitution.” They established a central government, which grouped the executive and legislative powers into one entity named “Government Council”, headed by <A href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_Cisneros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvador Cisneros (page does not exist)">Salvador Cisneros</A> and <A href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Mas%C3%B3" title="Bartolomé Masó">Bartolomé Masó</A>. After some time of consolidation in the three eastern provinces, the liberation armies headed for Camagüey and then Matanzas, outmaneuvering and deceiving the Spanish Army several times. They defeated Spanish Gen. <A href="/wiki/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez-Campos_y_Ant%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón">Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón</A>, who had gained victory in the Ten-Year War, and killed his most trusted general at Peralejo.</P>
<P>Campos tried the same strategy he had employed in the Ten Years' War, constructing a broad belt across the island, called the <I>trocha</I>, about 80 km long and 200 m wide. This defense line was to confine rebel activities to the eastern provinces. The belt was developed along a railroad from <A href="/w/index.php?title=Jucaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jucaro (page does not exist)">Jucaro</A> in the south to <A href="/wiki/Mor%C3%B3n,_Cuba" title="Morón, Cuba">Morón</A> in the north. Campos built fortifications along this railroad at various points, and at intervals, 12 meters of posts and 400 meters of barbed wire. In addition, <A href="/wiki/Booby_trap" title="Booby trap">booby traps</A> were placed at locations most likely to be attacked.</P>
<P>The rebels believed they had to take the war to the western provinces of Matanzas, Havana and Pinar del Rio, where the island's government and wealth were located. The Ten-Year War had failed because it had not managed to proceed beyond the eastern provinces. In a successful cavalry campaign overcoming the <I>trochas</I>, the revolutionaries invaded every province. Surrounding all larger cities and well-fortified towns, they arrived at the westernmost tip of the island on January 22, 1896, exactly three months after the invasion near Baraguá.</P>
<P>Campos was replaced by Gen. <A href="/wiki/Valeriano_Weyler,_1st_Duke_of_Rub%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeriano Weyler, 1st Duke of Rubí">Valeriano Weyler</A>. He reacted to the rebels' successes by introducing terror methods: periodic executions, mass exile of residents and forced concentration of them in certain cities or areas, and destruction of farms and crops. Weyler's methods reached their height on October 21, 1896, when he ordered all countryside residents and their livestock to gather within eight days in various fortified areas and towns occupied by his troops.</P>
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Death of Maceo in 1896</DIV>
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<P>Hundreds of thousands of people had to leave their homes and were subjected to appalling and inhumane conditions in the crowded towns and cities. Together with the forced reconcentrations done by the rebels in the eastern provinces, <SPAN class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:#595959; border:1px solid #DDD;">it is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of the civilian population subjected to it died during the three years of warfare.</SPAN><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP> Using a variety of sources, Tone estimates that civilian losses totaled 155,000 to 170,000 deaths, representing nearly 10 percent of the total population.<SUP id="cite_ref-krohn_10-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-krohn-10">[10]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Starting in the early 1880s, Spain had also suppressed an independence movement in the <A href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</A>, which was intensifying. In effect, Spain was now fighting two wars, a heavy burden on its economy. In 1896 it turned down offers in secret negotiations by the United States to buy Cuba from Spain.</P>
<P>Maceo was killed December 7, 1896, in Havana province while returning from the west. As the war went on, the major obstacle to Cuban success was weapons supply. Although weapons and funding came from within the Cuban exile community and supporters in the United States, the supply operation violated American laws. These were enforced by the <A href="/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Coast Guard">U.S. Coast Guard</A>: of 71 attempted re-supply missions, only 27 got through; 5 were stopped by the Spanish, but 33 were stopped by the U.S. Coast Guard.</P>
<P>In 1897, the liberation army maintained a privileged position in Camagüey and Oriente, where the Spanish controlled only a few cities. Spanish Liberal leader <A href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</A> admitted in May 1897: “After having sent 200,000 men and shed so much blood, we don’t own more land on the island than what our soldiers are stepping on”.<SUP id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-11">[11]</A></SUP> The rebel force of 3,000 defeated the Spanish in various encounters, such as the <A href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_La_Reforma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of La Reforma (page does not exist)">Battle of La Reforma</A>, and forcing the surrender of Las Tunas on August 30. The Spaniards were kept on the defensive. Las Tunas had been guarded by over 1,000 well-armed and well-supplied men.</P>
<P>As stipulated at the Jimaguayü Assembly two years earlier, a second Constituent Assembly met in La Yaya, Camagüey, on October 10, 1897. The newly adopted constitution provided that military command was to be subordinated to civilian rule. The government was confirmed, naming <A href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Mas%C3%B3" title="Bartolomé Masó">Bartolomé Masó</A> President and <A href="/w/index.php?title=Domingo_M%C3%A9ndez_Capote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domingo Méndez Capote (page does not exist)">Domingo Méndez Capote</A> Vice President.</P>
<P>Madrid decided to change its policy towards Cuba, and replaced Weyler. It also drew up a colonial constitution for Cuba and Puerto Rico, and installed a new government in Havana. But with half the country out of its control and the other half in arms, the colonial government was powerless and these changes were rejected by the rebels.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="The_Maine_incident">The <I>Maine</I> incident</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/USS_Maine_(ACR-1)" title="USS Maine (ACR-1)">USS Maine (ACR-1)</A></DIV>
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Wreckage of the <I>Maine</I>, 1898</DIV>
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<P>The Cuban struggle for independence had captured the American imagination for years. Some newspapers had agitated for US intervention, especially because of its large financial investment, and featured sensational stories of Spanish atrocities against the native Cuban population, which were exaggerated for propaganda.</P>
<P>Such coverage continued after Spain had replaced Weyler and changed its policies. American public opinion was very much in favor of intervening on behalf of the Cubans.<SUP id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-12">[12]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In January 1898, a riot by Cuban Spanish loyalists against the new autonomous government broke out in Havana. They destroyed the printing presses of four local newspapers that had published articles critical of Spanish Army atrocities. The U.S. Consul-General cabled Washington with fears for the lives of Americans living in Havana. In response, the battleship <A href="/wiki/USS_Maine_(ACR-1)" title="USS Maine (ACR-1)">USS <I>Maine</I></A> was sent to <A href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</A> in the last week of January. On February 15, 1898, the <I>Maine</I> was rocked by an explosion, killing 258 of the crew and sinking the ship in the harbor. At the time, a military Board of Investigations decided that the Maine had exploded due to the detonation of a mine underneath the hull. However, later investigations decided that it was likely something inside the ship, though the cause of the explosion has not been clearly established to this day.<SUP id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-13">[13]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In an attempt to appease the United States, the colonial government took two steps that had been demanded by President <A href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</A>: it ended forced relocation of residents from their homes and offered negotiations with the independence fighters. But the truce was rejected by the rebels.</P>
<H2><SPAN id="The_Spanish.E2.80.93American_War"></SPAN><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="The_Spanish–American_War">The Spanish–American War</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</A></DIV>
<P>The sinking of the <I>Maine</I> sparked a wave of public indignation in the United States. Newspaper owners such as <A href="/wiki/William_R._Hearst" class="mw-redirect" title="William R. Hearst">William R. Hearst</A> leaped to the conclusion that Spanish officials in Cuba were to blame, and they widely publicized the conspiracy. Realistically, Spain could have had no interest in drawing the United States into the conflict.<SUP id="cite_ref-webhmz_14-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-webhmz-14">[14]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">Yellow journalism</A> fueled American anger by publishing “atrocities” committed by Spain in Cuba. Hearst, when informed by <A href="/wiki/Frederic_Remington" title="Frederic Remington">Frederic Remington</A>, whom he had hired to furnish illustrations for his newspaper, that conditions in Cuba were not bad enough to warrant hostilities, allegedly replied, “You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war”.<SUP id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-15">[15]</A></SUP> President McKinley, Speaker of the House <A href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Thomas Brackett Reed</A>, and the business community opposed the growing public demand for war, which was lashed to fury by the yellow journalism. The American cry of the hour became, <I>Remember the Maine, To Hell with Spain!</I></P>
<P>The decisive event was probably the speech of Senator <A href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">Redfield Proctor</A>, delivered on March 17, 1898, analyzing the situation and concluding that war was the only answer. The business and religious communities switched sides, leaving McKinley and Reed almost alone in their opposition to the war.<SUP id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-16">[16]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[17]</A></SUP> “Faced with a revved up, war-ready population, and all the editorial encouragement the two competitors could muster, the United States jumped at the opportunity to get involved and showcase its new steam-powered Navy”.<SUP id="cite_ref-wqswxw_9-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-wqswxw-9">[9]</A></SUP></P>
<P>On April 11, McKinley asked Congress for authority to send American troops to Cuba for the purpose of ending the civil war there. On April 19, Congress passed <A href="/wiki/Joint_resolution" title="Joint resolution">joint resolutions</A> (by a vote of 311 to 6 in the House and 42 to 35 in the Senate) supporting Cuban independence and disclaiming any intention to annex Cuba, demanding Spanish withdrawal, and authorizing the president to use as much military force as he thought necessary to help Cuban patriots gain independence from Spain. This was adopted by resolution of Congress and included the <A href="/wiki/Teller_Amendment" title="Teller Amendment">Teller Amendment</A>, named after Colorado Senator Henry Moore Teller, which passed unanimously, stipulating that “the island of Cuba is, and by right should be, free and independent”.<SUP id="cite_ref-webhmz_14-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-webhmz-14">[14]</A></SUP> The amendment disclaimed any intention on the part of the United States to exercise jurisdiction or control over Cuba for other than pacification reasons, and confirmed that the armed forces would be removed once the war is over. The amendment, pushed through at the last minute by anti-imperialists in the Senate, made no mention of the Philippines, Guam, or Puerto Rico. Congress formally declared war on April 25. The Senate and House passed the amendment April 19, McKinley signed the joint resolution on April 20, and the ultimatum was forwarded to Spain. War was declared on April 20/21, 1898.</P>
<P>“It's been suggested that a major reason for the U.S. war against Spain was the fierce competition emerging between <A href="/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer" title="Joseph Pulitzer">Joseph Pulitzer</A>'s <I>New York World</I> and William Randolph Hearst's <I>New York Journal</I>”. Joseph E. Wisan wrote in an essay titled “The Cuban Crisis As Reflected In The New York Press”, published in “American Imperialism” in 1898: “In the opinion of the writer, the Spanish–American War would not have occurred had not the appearance of Hearst in New York journalism precipitated a bitter battle for newspaper circulation.” It has also been argued that the main reason the United States entered the war was its failed attempt to purchase Cuba from Spain.<SUP id="cite_ref-wqswxw_9-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-wqswxw-9">[9]</A></SUP></P>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <A href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Propaganda of the Spanish–American War">Propaganda of the Spanish–American War</A></DIV>
<P>Hostilities started hours after the declaration of war when a contingent of US Navy ships under Admiral <A href="/wiki/William_T._Sampson" title="William T. Sampson">William T. Sampson</A> blockaded several Cuban ports. The Americans decided to invade Cuba and to start in Oriente, where the Cubans had almost absolute control. They cooperated by establishing a <A href="/wiki/Beachhead" title="Beachhead">beachhead</A> and protecting the U.S. landing in Daiquiri. The first U.S. objective was to capture the city of Santiago de Cuba in order to destroy Linares' army and Cervera's fleet. To reach Santiago, the Americans had to pass through concentrated Spanish defences in the San Juan Hills and a small town in <A href="/wiki/El_Caney" title="El Caney">El Caney</A>. Between June 22 and 24, 1898, the Americans landed under General <A href="/wiki/William_R._Shafter" class="mw-redirect" title="William R. Shafter">William R. Shafter</A> at <A href="/wiki/Daiquir%C3%AD" title="Daiquirí">Daiquirí</A> and <A href="/wiki/Siboney,_Cuba" title="Siboney, Cuba">Siboney</A>, east of Santiago, and established a base.</P>
<P>The port of Santiago became the main target of naval operations. The U.S. fleet attacking Santiago needed shelter from the summer hurricane season, thus nearby <A href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay" title="Guantánamo Bay">Guantánamo Bay</A>, with its excellent harbor, was chosen for this purpose and attacked on June 6 (<A href="/wiki/1898_invasion_of_Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="1898 invasion of Guantánamo Bay">1898 invasion of Guantánamo Bay</A>). The <A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Battle of Santiago de Cuba">Battle of Santiago de Cuba</A> on July 3, 1898 was the largest naval engagement during the Spanish–American War, resulting in the destruction of the Spanish Caribbean Squadron (Flota de Ultramar).</P>
<P>Resistance in Santiago consolidated around Fort Canosa,<SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP> All the while, major battles between Spaniards and Americans took place at <A href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Guasimas" title="Battle of Las Guasimas">Las Guasimas</A> on June 24, <A href="/wiki/Battle_of_El_Caney" title="Battle of El Caney">El Caney</A> and <A href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">San Juan Hill</A> on July 1, 1898, outside of Santiago.<SUP id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-19">[19]</A></SUP> after which the American advance ground to a halt. Spanish troops successfully defended Fort Canosa, allowing them to stabilize their line and bar the entry to Santiago. The Americans and Cubans forcibly began a bloody, strangling siege of the city<SUP id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-20">[20]</A></SUP> which eventually surrendered on July 16, after the defeat of the Spanish Caribbean Squadron. Thus, Oriente was under control of Americans, but U.S. General <A href="/wiki/Nelson_A._Miles" title="Nelson A. Miles">Nelson A. Miles</A> would not allow Cuban troops to enter Santiago, claiming that he wanted to prevent clashes between Cubans and Spaniards. Thus, Cuban General <A href="/wiki/Calixto_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Calixto García">Calixto García</A>, head of the Mambi forces in the Eastern department, ordered his troops to hold their respective areas. He resigned over being excluded from entering Santiago, writing a letter of protest to General Shafter.<SUP id="cite_ref-webhmz_14-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-webhmz-14">[14]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Peace">Peace</SPAN></H2>
<P>After losing the Philippines and Puerto Rico, which had also been invaded by the United States, and with no hope of holding on to Cuba, Spain sued for peace on July 17, 1898.<SUP id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-21">[21]</A></SUP> On August 12, the United States and Spain signed a protocol of Peace, in which Spain agreed to relinquish all claim of sovereignty and title over Cuba.<SUP id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-22">[22]</A></SUP> On December 10, 1898, the United States and Spain signed the <A href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Treaty of Paris</A>, which recognized Cuban independence.<SUP id="cite_ref-ToP_23-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-ToP-23">[23]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Although the Cubans had participated in the liberation efforts, the United States prevented Cuba from participating in the Paris peace talks and signing the treaty. The treaty set no time limit for U.S. occupation and the <A href="/wiki/Isla_de_la_Juventud" title="Isla de la Juventud">Isle of Pines</A> was excluded from Cuba.<SUP id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-24">[24]</A></SUP> The treaty officially granted Cuba's independence, but U.S. General <A href="/wiki/William_R._Shafter" class="mw-redirect" title="William R. Shafter">William R. Shafter</A> refused to allow Cuban General <A href="/wiki/Calixto_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Calixto García">Calixto García</A> and his rebel forces to participate in the surrender ceremonies in Santiago de Cuba.<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Analysis">Analysis</SPAN></H2>
<P>Most Spanish historians argue that the insurgency could not have succeeded on its own. Cuban historians argue the Cubans were on the verge of winning in 1898 and needed no outside help.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Semidei_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="José Semidei Rodríguez">José Semidei Rodríguez</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Juan_R%C3%ADus_Rivera" title="Juan Ríus Rivera">Juan Ríus Rivera</A></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
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<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WcMWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA508&lpg=PA508&dq=">"Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Volume II: Since 1863, Concise Edition"</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-clodfelter-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-clodfelter_2-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-clodfelter_2-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-clodfelter_2-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-clodfelter_2-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-clodfelter_2-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-clodfelter_2-5"><SUP><I><B>f</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-clodfelter_2-6"><SUP><I><B>g</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-clodfelter_2-7"><SUP><I><B>h</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Clodfelter (2017). <I>Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015</I>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+and+Armed+Conflicts%3A+A+Statistical+Encyclopedia+of+Casualty+and+Other+Figures%2C+1492-2015&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Clodfelter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+War+of+Independence" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Clodfelter, Michael, Warfare and Armed Conflict: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1618–1991</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Dept. of Defense, 1991 Information Please, World Almanac 1984</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Sheina, Robert L., <I>Latin America's Wars: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791–1899</I> (2003)</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><I>COWP: Correlates of War Project</I>, University of Michigan</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Navarro (1998). <I>History of Cuba</I>. Havana. pp. 55–57</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-wfbftj-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-wfbftj_8-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-wfbftj_8-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Foner, Philip: <I>The Spanish–Cuban–American War and the Birth of American Imperialism</I> quoted in: <A rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/scaw/scaw1.htm">[1]</A>, History of Cuba</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-wqswxw-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-wqswxw_9-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-wqswxw_9-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-wqswxw_9-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/scaw/scaw1.htm">Spanish–Cuban–American War – History of Cuba</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-krohn-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-krohn_10-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-krohn_10-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=14509">Krohn, Jonathan. (May 2008) Review: "Caught in the Middle" John Lawrence Tone. <I>War and Genocide in Cuba 1895–1898</I> (2006)</A>, H-Net, accessed 26 December 2014</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-11"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Navarro, José Cantón 1998. <I>History of Cuba</I>. Havana. p69</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-12"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE id="CITEREFPBS" class="citation">PBS, <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html"><I>Crucible of Empire: The Spanish–American War</I></A>, pbs.org<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-12-15</SPAN></SPAN></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crucible+of+Empire%3A+The+Spanish%E2%80%93American+War&rft.pub=pbs.org&rft.au=PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fcrucible%2Fframes%2F_journalism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+War+of+Independence" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-13"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070818121552/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq71-1.htm">"Archived copy"</A>. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq71-1.htm">the original</A> on 2007-08-18<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-08-20</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Ffaqs%2Ffaq71-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+War+of+Independence" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-webhmz-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-webhmz_14-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-webhmz_14-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-webhmz_14-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Navarro, José Cantón: History of Cuba, Havana, Cuba, 1998, p. 71</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-15"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">W. Joseph Campbell (Summer 2000). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academic2.american.edu/~wjc/wjc3/notlikely.htm">"Not likely sent: The Remington–Hearst "telegrams<SPAN style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</SPAN>"</A>. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Not+likely+sent%3A+The+Remington%E2%80%93Hearst+%22telegrams%22&rft.pub=Journalism+and+Mass+Communication+Quarterly&rft.date=2000&rft.au=W.+Joseph+Campbell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facademic2.american.edu%2F~wjc%2Fwjc3%2Fnotlikely.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+War+of+Independence" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-16"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Offner 1992 pp. 131–35</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE id="CITEREFDavisQuimby1969" class="citation">Davis, Michelle Bray & Quimby, Rollin W. (1969), "Senator Proctor's Cuban Speech: Speculations on a Cause of the Spanish–American War", <I>Quarterly Journal of Speech</I>, <B>55</B> (2): 131–41, <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1080%2F00335636909382938">10.1080/00335636909382938</A>, <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0033-5630">0033-5630</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+Speech&rft.atitle=Senator+Proctor%27s+Cuban+Speech%3A+Speculations+on+a+Cause+of+the+Spanish%E2%80%93American+War&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=131-41&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00335636909382938&rft.issn=0033-5630&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Michelle+Bray&rft.au=Quimby%2C+Rollin+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+War+of+Independence" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Daley#, L. 2000. <I>El Fortin Canosa en la Cuba del 1898. in Los Ultimos Dias del Comienzo. Ensayos sobre la Guerra Hispano-Cubana-Estadounidense.</I> B.E. Aguirre and E. Espina eds. RiL Editores, Santiago de Chile pp. 161–71.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-19"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homeofheroes.com/wallofhonor/spanish_am/10_sanjuan.html">The Battles at El Caney and San Juan Hills</A>, HomeOfHeroes.com.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-20"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="#CITEREFDaley2000">Daley 2000</A>, pp. 161–71</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-21"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spanamwar.com/"><I>The Spanish–American War Centennial Website!</I></A>, spanamwar.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-11-02</SPAN></SPAN></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish%E2%80%93American+War+Centennial+Website%21&rft.pub=spanamwar.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spanamwar.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+War+of+Independence" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-22"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/pr980812.html"><I>Protocol of Peace Embodying the Terms of a Basis for the Establishment of Peace Between the Two Countries</I></A>, Washington, D.C., August 12, 1898<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-10-30</SPAN></SPAN></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Protocol+of+Peace+Embodying+the+Terms+of+a+Basis+for+the+Establishment+of+Peace+Between+the+Two+Countries&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.date=1898-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msc.edu.ph%2Fcentennial%2Fpr980812.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+War+of+Independence" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-ToP-23"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-ToP_23-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071106085941/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/spain/sp1898.htm"><I>Treaty of peace between the United States and Spain</I></A>, The Avalon project at Yale law School, December 10, 1898, archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/spain/sp1898.htm">the original</A> on November 6, 2007<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2007-10-30</SPAN></SPAN></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treaty+of+peace+between+the+United+States+and+Spain&rft.pub=The+Avalon+project+at+Yale+law+School&rft.date=1898-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Flawweb%2Favalon%2Fdiplomacy%2Fspain%2Fsp1898.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+War+of+Independence" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-24"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-24"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Navarro, José Cantón: <I>History of Cuba,</I> Havana, Cuba, 1998, p. 77</SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI>Kagan, Robert, (2006) <I>Dangerous Nation</I> (New York: Alfred A. Knopf), pp. 357–416</LI>
<LI>Krohn, Jonathan. (May 2008) Review: "Caught in the Middle" John Lawrence Tone. <I>War and Genocide in Cuba 1895–1898</I> (2006) <A rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=14509">[2]</A>, H-Net, May 2008</LI>
<LI>McCartney, Paul T. (2006) <I>Power and Progress: American National Identity, the War of 1898, and the Rise of American Imperialism</I> (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press), 87–142</LI>
<LI>Rice, Donald Tunnicliff. <I>Cast in Deathless Bronze: Andrew Rowan, the Spanish–American War, and the Origins of American Empire</I>. Morgantown WV: West Virginia University Press, 2016.</LI>
<LI>Silbey, David J. (2007) <I>A War of Frontier and Empire: The Philippine–American War, 1899–1902</I> (New York: Hill and Wang), pp. 31–34.</LI>
<LI>Tone, John Lawrence. (2006) <I>War and Genocide in Cuba 1895–1898,</I> Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0807830062/">excerpt and text search</A></LI>
<LI>Trask, David F. <I>The War with Spain in 1898</I> (1996) ch 1 <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/The-Spain-1898-David-Trask/dp/0803294298/">excerpt and text search</A></LI>
</UL>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Special_Period" title="Special Period">Special Period</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9308_Cuban_transfer_of_presidential_duties" class="mw-redirect" title="2006–08 Cuban transfer of presidential duties">Fidel's transfer of power</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Cuban_thaw" class="mw-redirect" title="United States–Cuban thaw">United States–Cuban thaw</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/History_of_Havana" title="History of Havana">History of Havana</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Havana" title="Timeline of Havana">Timeline</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI>Other cities
<UL>
<LI>Timelines: <A href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Camag%C3%BCey" title="Timeline of Camagüey">Camagüey</A>, <A href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cienfuegos" title="Timeline of Cienfuegos">Cienfuegos</A>, <A href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Timeline of Guantánamo">Guantánamo</A>, <A href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Holgu%C3%ADn" title="Timeline of Holguín">Holguín</A>, <A href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Matanzas" title="Timeline of Matanzas">Matanzas</A>, <A href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Timeline of Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable3">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton3" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>
<DIV id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cuba" title="Geography of Cuba">Geography</A></DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Cuba" title="List of cities in Cuba">Cities</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bayamo" title="Bayamo">Bayamo</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey" title="Camagüey">Camagüey</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ciego_de_%C3%81vila" title="Ciego de Ávila">Ciego de Ávila</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cienfuegos" title="Cienfuegos">Cienfuegos</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Guantánamo">Guantánamo</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Holgu%C3%ADn" title="Holguín">Holguín</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Las_Tunas_(city)" title="Las Tunas (city)">Las Tunas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Matanzas" title="Matanzas">Matanzas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pinar_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Pinar del Río">Pinar del Río</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sancti_Sp%C3%ADritus" title="Sancti Spíritus">Sancti Spíritus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_Cuba" title="Santa Clara, Cuba">Santa Clara</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Cuba" title="Provinces of Cuba">Provinces</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Artemisa_Province" title="Artemisa Province">Artemisa</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey_Province" title="Camagüey Province">Camagüey</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ciego_de_%C3%81vila_Province" title="Ciego de Ávila Province">Ciego de Ávila</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cienfuegos_Province" title="Cienfuegos Province">Cienfuegos</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Ciudad de La Habana</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Granma_Province" title="Granma Province">Granma</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo_Province" title="Guantánamo Province">Guantánamo</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Holgu%C3%ADn_Province" title="Holguín Province">Holguín</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Isla_de_la_Juventud" title="Isla de la Juventud">Isla de la Juventud</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Las_Tunas_Province" title="Las Tunas Province">Las Tunas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Matanzas_Province" title="Matanzas Province">Matanzas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mayabeque_Province" title="Mayabeque Province">Mayabeque</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pinar_del_R%C3%ADo_Province" title="Pinar del Río Province">Pinar del Río</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sancti_Sp%C3%ADritus_Province" title="Sancti Spíritus Province">Sancti Spíritus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba_Province" title="Santiago de Cuba Province">Santiago de Cuba</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Villa_Clara_Province" title="Villa Clara Province">Villa Clara</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Almendares_River" title="Almendares River">Almendares River</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Cuba" title="List of earthquakes in Cuba">Earthquakes</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Cuba" title="List of islands of Cuba">List of islands</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sierra_Maestra" title="Sierra Maestra">Sierra Maestra</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_wettest_tropical_cyclones_by_country#Cuba" title="List of wettest tropical cyclones by country">Tropical cyclones</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Cuba" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Cuba">World Heritage Sites</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable4">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton4" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>
<DIV id="*_Governance&#10;*_Security&#10;*_Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">
<DIV class="hlist">
<UL>
<LI>Governance</LI>
<LI>Security</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cuba" title="Economy of Cuba">Economy</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces" title="Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces">Armed Forces</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cuba" title="Constitution of Cuba">Constitution</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cuba" title="Elections in Cuba">Elections</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cuba" title="Foreign relations of Cuba">Foreign relations</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_law" title="Cuban law">Law</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cuba" title="Politics of Cuba">Politics</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/President_of_Cuba" title="President of Cuba">Presidency</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><A href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cuba–United States relations">Cuba–United States<BR />
relations</A></DIV>
</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Brothers_to_the_Rescue" title="Brothers to the Rescue">Brothers to the Rescue</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Commission_for_Assistance_to_a_Free_Cuba" title="Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba">Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Coordination_of_United_Revolutionary_Organizations" title="Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations">Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban American">Cuban American</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban-American_lobby" title="Cuban-American lobby">Cuban-American lobby</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_dissident_movement" title="Cuban dissident movement">Cuban dissident movement</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_Five" title="Cuban Five">Cuban Five</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Eli%C3%A1n_Gonz%C3%A1lez_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Elián González affair">Elián González affair</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fair_Play_for_Cuba_Committee" title="Fair Play for Cuba Committee">Fair Play for Cuba Committee</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay Naval Base</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Helms%E2%80%93Burton_Act" title="Helms–Burton Act">Helms–Burton Act</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/List_of_Cuba%E2%80%93United_States_aircraft_hijackings" title="List of Cuba–United States aircraft hijackings">Cuba–United States hijackings</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Luis_Posada_Carriles" title="Luis Posada Carriles">Luis Posada Carriles</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mariel_boatlift" title="Mariel boatlift">Mariel boatlift</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Orlando_Bosch" title="Orlando Bosch">Orlando Bosch</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Operation_Northwoods" title="Operation Northwoods">Operation Northwoods</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Operation_Peter_Pan" title="Operation Peter Pan">Operation Peter Pan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Platt_Amendment" title="Platt Amendment">Platt Amendment</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Cuba">United States ambassador</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_embargo_against_Cuba" title="United States embargo against Cuba">United States embargo</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/United_States_Interests_Section_in_Havana" title="United States Interests Section in Havana">United States Interests Section</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cuba" title="List of political parties in Cuba">Political parties</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Current</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Cuba" title="Communist Party of Cuba">Communist Party</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_of_Cuba" title="Christian Democratic Party of Cuba">Christian Democratic</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Democratic_Social-Revolutionary_Party_of_Cuba" title="Democratic Social-Revolutionary Party of Cuba">Democratic Social-Revolutionary</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_Democratic_Socialist_Current" title="Cuban Democratic Socialist Current">Democratic Socialist Current</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Democratic_Solidarity_Party" title="Democratic Solidarity Party">Democratic Solidarity</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Cuba" title="Liberal Party of Cuba">Liberal</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_of_Cuba" title="National Liberal Party of Cuba">Liberal Movement</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Co-ordination_of_Cuba" title="Social Democratic Co-ordination of Cuba">Social Democratic Co-ordination</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Partido_Aut%C3%A9ntico" title="Partido Auténtico">Auténtico</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_National_Party" title="Cuban National Party">Cuban National</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Cuba)" title="Democratic Union Party (Cuba)">Democratic Union</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Independent_Republican_Party_(Cuba)" title="Independent Republican Party (Cuba)">Independent Republican</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Partido_Ortodoxo" title="Partido Ortodoxo">Ortodoxo</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Popular_Socialist_Party_(Cuba)" title="Popular Socialist Party (Cuba)">Popular Socialist</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Havana" title="Republican Party of Havana">Republican (Havana)</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_Cuba" title="Category:Military of Cuba">Military</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces" title="Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces">Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces (MINFAR)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force" title="Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force">Air Force</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Army">Army</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Navy">Navy</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Territorial_Troops_Militia" title="Territorial Troops Militia">Territorial Troops Militia</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Category:Law_enforcement_in_Cuba" title="Category:Law enforcement in Cuba">Law enforcement</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Police_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="National Revolutionary Police Force">National Revolutionary Police Force</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Category:Cuban_intelligence_agencies" title="Category:Cuban intelligence agencies">Intelligence</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_General_de_Inteligencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirección General de Inteligencia">Dirección General de Inteligencia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Military_Counterintelligence_Directorate" title="Military Counterintelligence Directorate">Military Counterintelligence Directorate</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cuba" title="Economy of Cuba">Economy</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cuba" title="Agriculture in Cuba">Agriculture</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Reforma_Agraria" title="Instituto Nacional de Reforma Agraria">Agrarian reform</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/CPA_(agriculture)" title="CPA (agriculture)">Cooperatives</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Cuba" title="Central Bank of Cuba">Central bank</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_peso" title="Cuban peso">Peso <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_convertible_peso" title="Cuban convertible peso">Convertible peso</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Cuba" title="International rankings of Cuba">International rankings</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cuba" title="Telecommunications in Cuba">Telecommunications</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cuba" title="Tourism in Cuba">Tourism</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cuba" title="Transport in Cuba">Transport</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cubana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Cubana de Aviación">airline</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0" id="collapsibleTable5">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton5" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>
<DIV id="*_Society&#10;*_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">
<UL>
<LI>Society</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cuba" title="Culture of Cuba">Culture</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Cuba" title="Censorship in Cuba">Censorship</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Committees_for_the_Defense_of_the_Revolution" title="Committees for the Defense of the Revolution">Committees for the Defense of the Revolution</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Education_in_Cuba" title="Education in Cuba">Education</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in Cuba">Health care</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cuba" title="Human rights in Cuba">Human rights</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Cuba" title="LGBT rights in Cuba">LGBT</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Cuba">LGBT history</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Cuba" title="Women's rights in Cuba">Women</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cuban_Spanish" title="Cuban Spanish">Language</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rationing_in_Cuba" title="Rationing in Cuba">Rationing</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Scouting_and_Guiding_in_Cuba" title="Scouting and Guiding in Cuba">Scouting and Guiding</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sociolismo" title="Sociolismo">Sociolismo</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
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uavhengighetskrigen – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc" style="display: none;"><A href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Ispanoestatsunidenca" title="Guèrra Ispanoestatsunidenca – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_Independ%C3%AAncia_Cubana" title="Guerra de Independência Cubana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Война за независимость Кубы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link 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document_title: Cuban War of Independence

token: Cuban

token: war

token: independence

token: wikipedia

token: Jump

token: to

token: navigation

token: search

token: <Table>

token: <Tr>

token: <Td>

token: neutrality

token: this

token: article

token: is

token: disputed

token: Relevant

token: discussion

token: may

token: be

token: found

token: on

token: the

token: talk

token: page

token: Please

token: do

token: not

token: until

token: conditions

token: so

token: are

token: met

token: March

token: Learn

token: how

token: and

token: when

token: </Table>

token: War

token: Independence

token: An

token: estimated

token: Cubans

token: died

token: in

token: Spanish

token: concentration

token: camps

token: <Th>

token: Date

token: February

token: years

token: months

token: weeks

token: day

token: Location

token: Cuba

token: Caribbean

token: Result

token: српскохрватски

question_text: the cuban revolt against spain was led by