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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Small intestine</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:dimgray; color: white"><I>Small Intestine</I></TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><A href="/wiki/File:Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png" class="image"><IMG alt="Blausen 0817 SmallIntestine Anatomy.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png/250px-Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png" width="250" height="250" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png/375px-Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png/500px-Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></A>
<DIV>Diagram showing the small intestine and surrounding structures</DIV>
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<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #efefef">Details</TH>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">System</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Digestive_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Digestive system">Digestive system</A></TD>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Artery</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_artery" title="Superior mesenteric artery">Superior mesenteric artery</A></TD>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">Vein</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Hepatic_portal_vein" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatic portal vein">Hepatic portal vein</A></TD>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">Nerve</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Celiac_ganglia" title="Celiac ganglia">Celiac ganglia</A>, <A href="/wiki/Vagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vagus">vagus</A><SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP></TD>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Lymph" title="Lymph">Lymph</A></TH>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Intestinal_lymph_trunk" title="Intestinal lymph trunk">Intestinal lymph trunk</A></TD>
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<TH colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</TH>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</A></TH>
<TD><I>Intestinum tenue</I></TD>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</A></TH>
<TD><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D007421">D007421</A></TD>
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<TH scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><A href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</A></TH>
<TD><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma7200">7200</A></TD>
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<TD colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><B><I><A href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</A></I></B>
<DIV style="text-align: right;"><SMALL class="noprint">[<A href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11090" class="extiw" title="d:Q11090">edit on Wikidata</A>]</SMALL></DIV>
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<P>The <B>small intestine</B> or <B>small bowel</B> is the part of the <A href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</A> between the <A href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">large intestine</A>, and is where most of the end absorption of food takes place. The small intestine has three distinct regions – the <A href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</A>, <A href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">jejunum</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">ileum</A>. The <A href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</A> is the shortest part of the small intestine and is where preparation for <A href="#Absorption">absorption</A> begins. It also receives <A href="/wiki/Bile" title="Bile">bile</A> and <A href="/wiki/Pancreatic_juice" title="Pancreatic juice">pancreatic juice</A> through the <A href="/wiki/Pancreatic_duct" title="Pancreatic duct">pancreatic duct</A>, controlled by the <A href="/wiki/Sphincter_of_oddi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphincter of oddi">sphincter of Oddi</A>. The primary function of the small intestine is the absorption of <A href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrients</A> and <A href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</A> from food, using small finger-like protrusions called <A href="/wiki/Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">villi</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP></P>
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<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#Structure"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Structure</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><A href="#Size"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Size</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><A href="#Parts"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Parts</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><A href="#Blood_supply"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Blood supply</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><A href="#Histology"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Histology</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><A href="#Development"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Development</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><A href="#Function"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Function</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><A href="#Digestion"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Digestion</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><A href="#Absorption"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Absorption</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><A href="#Immunological"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Immunological</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><A href="#Gene_and_protein_expression"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Gene and protein expression</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><A href="#Clinical_significance"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Clinical significance</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><A href="#Other_animals"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Other animals</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><A href="#Society_and_culture"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Society and culture</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><A href="#Additional_images"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Additional images</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">9</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><A href="#Bibliography"><SPAN class="tocnumber">10</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Bibliography</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">11</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<P></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Structure">Structure</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Size">Size</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Size">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The length of the small intestine can vary greatly, from as short as 2.75 m (9.0 ft) to as long as 10.49 m (34.4 ft).<SUP id="cite_ref-Di2016_3-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Di2016-3">[3]</A></SUP> The average length in a living person is 3m-5m.<SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP> The length depends both on how tall the person is and how the length is measured.<SUP id="cite_ref-Di2016_3-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Di2016-3">[3]</A></SUP> Taller people generally have a longer small intestine and measurements are generally longer after death and when the bowel is empty.<SUP id="cite_ref-Di2016_3-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Di2016-3">[3]</A></SUP></P>
<P>It is approximately 1.5 cm in diameter in <A href="/wiki/Neonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Neonate">newborns</A> after 35 weeks of <A href="/wiki/Gestational_age" title="Gestational age">gestational age</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP> and 2.5–3 cm (1 inch) in diameter in adults. On <A href="/wiki/Abdominal_X-ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdominal X-ray">abdominal X-rays</A>, the small intestine is considered to be abnormally dilated when the diameter exceeds 3 cm.<SUP id="cite_ref-medscape_7-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-medscape-7">[7]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-8">[8]</A></SUP> On <A href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scans</A>, a diameter of over 2.5 cm is considered abnormally dilated.<SUP id="cite_ref-medscape_7-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-medscape-7">[7]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-GazelleGoldberg1994_9-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-GazelleGoldberg1994-9">[9]</A></SUP> The surface area of the human <A href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract#Mucosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">small intestinal mucosa</A>, due to enlargement caused by folds, villi and microvilli, averages 30 square meters.<SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Parts">Parts</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Parts">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The small intestine is divided into three structural parts.</P>
<UL>
<LI>The <B><A href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</A></B> is a short structure ranging from 20 cm (7.9 inches) to 25 cm (9.8 inches) in length, and shaped like a "C".<SUP id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_11-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-11">[11]</A></SUP> It surrounds the head of the pancreas. It receives gastric <A href="/wiki/Chyme" title="Chyme">chyme</A> from the stomach, together with digestive juices from the <A href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</A> (<A href="/wiki/Digestive_enzymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Digestive enzymes">digestive enzymes</A>) and the <A href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</A> (<A href="/wiki/Bile" title="Bile">bile</A>). The digestive enzymes break down proteins and bile <A href="/wiki/Emulsify" class="mw-redirect" title="Emulsify">emulsifies</A> fats into <A href="/wiki/Micelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Micelles">micelles</A>. The <A href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</A> contains <A href="/wiki/Brunner%27s_glands" title="Brunner's glands">Brunner's glands</A>, which produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion containing <A href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">bicarbonate</A>. These secretions, in combination with bicarbonate from the pancreas, neutralize the stomach acids contained in gastric chyme.</LI>
<LI>The <B><A href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">jejunum</A></B> is the midsection of the small intestine, connecting the duodenum to the ileum. It is about 2.5 m long, and contains the <A href="/wiki/Plicae_circulares" class="mw-redirect" title="Plicae circulares">plicae circulares</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">villi</A> that increase its surface area. Products of digestion (sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids) are absorbed into the bloodstream here. The <A href="/wiki/Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum" title="Suspensory muscle of duodenum">suspensory muscle of duodenum</A> marks the division between the duodenum and the jejunum.</LI>
<LI>The <B><A href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">ileum</A></B>: The final section of the small intestine. It is about 3 m long, and contains <A href="/wiki/Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">villi</A> similar to the jejunum. It absorbs mainly <A href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">vitamin B12</A> and <A href="/wiki/Bile_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Bile acids">bile acids</A>, as well as any other remaining nutrients. The ileum joins to the <A href="/wiki/Cecum" title="Cecum">cecum</A> of the <A href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">large intestine</A> at the <A href="/wiki/Ileocecal_junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Ileocecal junction">ileocecal junction</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<P>The jejunum and ileum are suspended in the <A href="/wiki/Abdominal_cavity" title="Abdominal cavity">abdominal cavity</A> by <A href="/wiki/Mesentery" title="Mesentery">mesentery</A>. The mesentery is part of the <A href="/wiki/Peritoneum" title="Peritoneum">peritoneum</A>. Arteries, veins, lymph vessels and nerves travel within the mesentery.<SUP id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005C_12-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005C-12">[12]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Blood_supply">Blood supply</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Blood supply">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The small intestine receives a blood supply from the <A href="/wiki/Coeliac_trunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Coeliac trunk">coeliac trunk</A> and the <A href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_artery" title="Superior mesenteric artery">superior mesenteric artery</A>. These are both branches of the <A href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">aorta</A>. The duodenum receives blood from the <A href="/wiki/Coeliac_trunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Coeliac trunk">coeliac trunk</A> via the <A href="/wiki/Superior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery" title="Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery">superior pancreaticoduodenal artery</A> and from the superior mesenteric artery via the <A href="/wiki/Inferior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery" title="Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery">inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery</A>. These two arteries both have <A href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location" title="Anatomical terms of location">anterior and posterior</A> branches that meet in the midline and <A href="/wiki/Anastomosis" title="Anastomosis">anastomose</A>. The jejunum and ileum receive blood from the superior mesenteric artery.<SUP id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005B_13-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005B-13">[13]</A></SUP> Branches of the superior mesenteric artery form a series of arches within the mesentery known as <A href="/wiki/Arterial_arcades" title="Arterial arcades">arterial arcades</A>, which may be several layers deep. Straight blood vessels known as <A href="/wiki/Vasa_recta_(intestines)" title="Vasa recta (intestines)">vasa recta</A> travel from the arcades closest to the ileum and jejunum to the organs themselves.<SUP id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005B_13-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005B-13">[13]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Histology">Histology</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Histology">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall" title="Gastrointestinal wall">Gastrointestinal wall</A></DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg/200px-Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg" width="200" height="227" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg/300px-Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg/400px-Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2563" data-file-height="2912" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
<A href="/wiki/Micrograph" title="Micrograph">Micrograph</A> of the small intestine <A href="/wiki/Mucosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucosa">mucosa</A> showing the <A href="/wiki/Intestinal_villi" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestinal villi">intestinal villi</A> and <A href="/wiki/Crypts_of_Lieberk%C3%BChn" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypts of Lieberkühn">crypts of Lieberkühn</A>.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>The three sections of the small intestine look similar to each other at a microscopic level, but there are some important differences. The parts of the intestine are as follows:</P>
<TABLE class="wikitable">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH>Layer</TH>
<TH>Duodenum</TH>
<TH>Jejunum</TH>
<TH>Ileum</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Serosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Serosa">Serosa</A></TD>
<TD>1st part serosa, 2nd–4th adventitia</TD>
<TD>Normal</TD>
<TD>Normal</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Muscularis_externa" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscularis externa">Muscularis externa</A></TD>
<TD>Longitudinal and circular layers, with <A href="/wiki/Auerbach%27s_plexus" class="mw-redirect" title="Auerbach's plexus">Auerbach's (myenteric) plexus</A> in between</TD>
<TD>Same as duodenum</TD>
<TD>Same as duodenum</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Submucosa" title="Submucosa">Submucosa</A></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Brunner%27s_glands" title="Brunner's glands">Brunner's glands</A> and <A href="/wiki/Meissner%27s_plexus" class="mw-redirect" title="Meissner's plexus">Meissner's (submucosal) plexus</A></TD>
<TD>No BG</TD>
<TD>No BG</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Mucosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucosa">Mucosa</A>: <A href="/wiki/Muscularis_mucosae" title="Muscularis mucosae">muscularis mucosae</A></TD>
<TD>Normal</TD>
<TD>Normal</TD>
<TD>Normal</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Mucosa: <A href="/wiki/Lamina_propria" title="Lamina propria">lamina propria</A></TD>
<TD>No PP</TD>
<TD>No PP</TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Peyer%27s_patches" class="mw-redirect" title="Peyer's patches">Peyer's patches</A></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Mucosa: <A href="/wiki/Intestinal_epithelium" title="Intestinal epithelium">intestinal epithelium</A></TD>
<TD><A href="/wiki/Simple_columnar_epithelium" title="Simple columnar epithelium">Simple columnar</A>. Contains <A href="/wiki/Goblet_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Goblet cells">goblet cells</A>, <A href="/wiki/Paneth_cell" title="Paneth cell">Paneth cells</A></TD>
<TD>Similar to duodenum</TD>
<TD>?</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Development">Development</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Development">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <A href="/wiki/Development_of_the_digestive_system" title="Development of the digestive system">Development of the digestive system</A></DIV>
<P>The small intestine develops from the <A href="/wiki/Midgut" title="Midgut">midgut</A> of the <A href="/w/index.php?title=Primitive_gut_tube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primitive gut tube (page does not exist)">primitive gut tube</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-LARSENS2009_14-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-LARSENS2009-14">[14]</A></SUP> By the fifth week of <A href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryological</A> life, the <A href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">ileum</A> begins to grow longer at a very fast rate, forming a U-shaped fold called the <A href="/w/index.php?title=Primary_intestinal_loop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primary intestinal loop (page does not exist)">primary intestinal loop</A>. The loop grows so fast in length that it outgrows the abdomen and protrudes through the <A href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">umbilicus</A>. By week 10, the loop retracts back into the abdomen. Between weeks six and ten the small intestine rotates anticlockwise, as viewed from the front of the embryo. It rotates a further 180 degrees after it has moved back into the abdomen. This process creates the twisted shape of the <A href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">large intestine</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-LARSENS2009_14-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-LARSENS2009-14">[14]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Function">Function</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Function">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Food from the stomach is allowed into the duodenum through the <A href="/wiki/Pylorus" title="Pylorus">pylorus</A> by a muscle called the pyloric sphincter.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Digestion">Digestion</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Digestion">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The small intestine is where most chemical digestion takes place. Many of the <A href="/wiki/Digestive_enzyme" title="Digestive enzyme">digestive enzymes</A> that act in the small intestine are secreted by the <A href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</A> and <A href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</A> and enter the small intestine via the <A href="/wiki/Pancreatic_duct" title="Pancreatic duct">pancreatic duct</A>. Pancreatic enzymes and <A href="/wiki/Bile" title="Bile">bile</A> from the gallbladder enter the small intestine in response to the hormone <A href="/wiki/Cholecystokinin" title="Cholecystokinin">cholecystokinin</A>, which is produced in the small intestine in response to the presence of nutrients. <A href="/wiki/Secretin" title="Secretin">Secretin</A>, another hormone produced in the small intestine, causes additional effects on the pancreas, where it promotes the release of <A href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">bicarbonate</A> into the duodenum in order to neutralize the potentially harmful acid coming from the stomach.</P>
<P>The three major classes of nutrients that undergo digestion are <A href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</A>, <A href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipids</A> (fats) and <A href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</A>:</P>
<UL>
<LI>Proteins are degraded into small <A href="/wiki/Peptide" title="Peptide">peptides</A> and <A href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</A> before absorption.<SUP id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-15">[15]</A></SUP> Chemical breakdown begins in the stomach and continues in the small intestine. Proteolytic enzymes, including <A href="/wiki/Trypsin" title="Trypsin">trypsin</A> and <A href="/wiki/Chymotrypsin" title="Chymotrypsin">chymotrypsin</A>, are secreted by the <A href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</A> and cleave proteins into smaller peptides. Carboxypeptidase, which is a pancreatic brush border enzyme, splits one amino acid at a time. <A href="/wiki/Aminopeptidase" title="Aminopeptidase">Aminopeptidase</A> and <A href="/wiki/Dipeptidase" title="Dipeptidase">dipeptidase</A> free the end amino acid products.</LI>
<LI>Lipids (fats) are degraded into <A href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</A> and <A href="/wiki/Glycerol" title="Glycerol">glycerol</A>. Pancreatic lipase breaks down <A href="/wiki/Triglyceride" title="Triglyceride">triglycerides</A> into free fatty acids and <A href="/wiki/Monoglyceride" title="Monoglyceride">monoglycerides</A>. Pancreatic lipase works with the help of the salts from the <A href="/wiki/Bile" title="Bile">bile</A> secreted by the <A href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</A> and stored in the <A href="/wiki/Gall_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gall bladder">gall bladder</A>. Bile salts attach to triglycerides to help <A href="/wiki/Emulsion" title="Emulsion">emulsify</A> them, which aids access by pancreatic lipase. This occurs because the lipase is water-soluble but the fatty triglycerides are hydrophobic and tend to orient towards each other and away from the watery intestinal surroundings. The bile salts emulsify the triglycerides in the watery surroundings until the lipase can break them into the smaller components that are able to enter the villi for absorption.</LI>
<LI>Some <A href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</A> are degraded into simple sugars, or <A href="/wiki/Monosaccharide" title="Monosaccharide">monosaccharides</A> (e.g., <A href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</A>). Pancreatic amylase breaks down some carbohydrates (notably <A href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</A>) into oligosaccharides. Other carbohydrates pass undigested into the large intestine and further handling by <A href="/wiki/Intestinal_bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestinal bacteria">intestinal bacteria</A>. Brush border enzymes take over from there. The most important brush border enzymes are dextrinase and glucoamylase, which further break down oligosaccharides. Other brush border enzymes are maltase, sucrase and lactase. Lactase is absent in some adult humans and, for them, lactose, like most poly-saccharides, is not digested in the small intestine. Some carbohydrates, such as <A href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</A>, are not digested at all, despite being made of multiple <A href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</A> units. This is because the cellulose is made out of beta-glucose, making the inter-monosaccharidal bindings different from the ones present in starch, which consists of alpha-glucose. Humans lack the enzyme for splitting the beta-glucose-bonds, something reserved for herbivores and bacteria from the large intestine.</LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Absorption">Absorption</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Absorption">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Digested food is now able to pass into the blood vessels in the wall of the intestine through either <A href="/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion">diffusion</A> or active transport. The small intestine is the site where most of the nutrients from ingested food are absorbed. The inner wall, or mucosa, of the small intestine is lined with simple columnar <A href="/wiki/Intestinal_epithelium" title="Intestinal epithelium">epithelial</A> tissue. Structurally, the mucosa is covered in wrinkles or folds called <A href="/wiki/Plicae_circulares" class="mw-redirect" title="Plicae circulares">plicae circulares</A>, which are considered permanent features in the wall of the organ. They are distinct from <A href="/wiki/Rugae" title="Rugae">rugae</A> which are considered non-permanent or temporary allowing for distention and contraction. From the plicae circulares project microscopic finger-like pieces of tissue called <A href="/wiki/Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">villi</A> (<A href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</A> for "shaggy hair"). The individual epithelial cells also have finger-like projections known as <A href="/wiki/Microvilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Microvilli">microvilli</A>. The functions of the plicae circulares, the villi, and the microvilli are to increase the amount of surface area available for the absorption of <A href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrients</A>, and to limit the loss of said nutrients to intestinal fauna.</P>
<P>Each villus has a network of <A href="/wiki/Capillary" title="Capillary">capillaries</A> and fine lymphatic vessels called <A href="/wiki/Lacteal" title="Lacteal">lacteals</A> close to its surface. The epithelial cells of the villi transport nutrients from the lumen of the intestine into these capillaries (amino acids and carbohydrates) and lacteals (lipids). The absorbed substances are transported via the blood vessels to different organs of the body where they are used to build complex substances such as the proteins required by our body. The material that remains undigested and unabsorbed passes into the large intestine.</P>
<P>Absorption of the majority of nutrients takes place in the <A href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">jejunum</A>, with the following notable exceptions:</P>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</A> is absorbed in the duodenum.</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Vitamin B12</A> and <A href="/wiki/Bile_salts" class="mw-redirect" title="Bile salts">bile salts</A> are absorbed in the <A href="/wiki/Terminal_ileum" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal ileum">terminal ileum</A>.</LI>
<LI>Water is absorbed by <A href="/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis">osmosis</A> and <A href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipids</A> by passive diffusion throughout the small intestine.</LI>
</UL>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate">Sodium bicarbonate</A> is absorbed by active transport and <A href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</A> and <A href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acid</A> <A href="/wiki/Co-transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-transport">co-transport</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">Fructose</A> is absorbed by <A href="/wiki/Facilitated_diffusion" title="Facilitated diffusion">facilitated diffusion</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Immunological">Immunological</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Immunological">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>The small intestine supports the body's <A href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-16">[16]</A></SUP> The presence of <A href="/wiki/Gut_flora" title="Gut flora">gut flora</A> appears to contribute positively to the host's immune system. <A href="/wiki/Peyer%27s_patch" title="Peyer's patch">Peyer's patches</A>, located within the ileum of the small intestine, are an important part of the digestive tract's local immune system. They are part of the lymphatic system, and provide a site for antigens from potentially harmful bacteria or other microorganisms in the digestive tract to be sampled, and subsequently presented to the immune system.<SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[17]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Gene_and_protein_expression">Gene and protein expression</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gene and protein expression">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <A href="/wiki/Bioinformatics#Gene_and_protein_expression" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics § Gene and protein expression</A></DIV>
<P>About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and 70% of these genes are expressed in the normal duodenum.<SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-19">[19]</A></SUP> Some 300 of these genes are more specifically expressed in the duodenum with very few genes expressed only in the small intestine. The corresponding specific proteins are expressed in glandular cells of the mucosa, such as <A href="/wiki/Fatty_acid-binding_protein" title="Fatty acid-binding protein">fatty acid binding protein</A> <A href="/wiki/FABP6" title="FABP6">FABP6</A>. Most of the more specifically expressed genes in the small intestine are also expressed in the duodenum, for example <A href="/wiki/FABP2" title="FABP2">FABP2</A> and the <A href="/wiki/DEFA6" title="DEFA6">DEFA6</A> protein expressed in secretory granules of <A href="/wiki/Paneth_cell" title="Paneth cell">Paneth cells</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-20">[20]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Clinical significance">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <A href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_disease" title="Gastrointestinal disease">Gastrointestinal disease</A></DIV>
<P>The small intestine is a complex organ, and as such, there are a very large number of possible conditions that may affect the function of the small bowel. A few of them are listed below, some of which are common, with up to 10% of people being affected at some time in their lives, while others are vanishingly rare.</P>
<DIV class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;">
<UL>
<LI>Small intestine obstruction or obstructive disorders
<UL>
<LI>Paralytic <A href="/wiki/Ileus" title="Ileus">ileus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Volvulus" title="Volvulus">Volvulus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hernia" title="Hernia">Hernia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Intussusception_(medical_disorder)" title="Intussusception (medical disorder)">Intussusception</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adhesions" class="mw-redirect" title="Adhesions">Adhesions</A></LI>
<LI>Obstruction from external pressure</LI>
<LI>Obstruction by masses in the lumen (<A href="/wiki/Foreign_body" title="Foreign body">foreign bodies</A>, <A href="/wiki/Bezoar" title="Bezoar">bezoar</A>, <A href="/wiki/Gallstone" title="Gallstone">gallstones</A>)</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Infectious_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious diseases">Infectious diseases</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Giardiasis" title="Giardiasis">Giardiasis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ascariasis" title="Ascariasis">Ascariasis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Tropical_sprue" title="Tropical sprue">Tropical sprue</A></LI>
<LI>Tape worm (<I><A href="/wiki/Diphyllobothrium_latum" class="mw-redirect" title="Diphyllobothrium latum">Diphyllobothrium latum</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Taenia_solium" title="Taenia solium">Taenia solium</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Hymenolepsis_nana" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymenolepsis nana">Hymenolepsis nana</A></I>)</LI>
<LI>Hookworm (e.g. <I><A href="/wiki/Necator_americanus" title="Necator americanus">Necator americanus</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Ancylostoma_duodenale" title="Ancylostoma duodenale">Ancylostoma duodenale</A></I>)</LI>
<LI>Nematodes (e.g. <I><A href="/wiki/Ascaris_lumbricoides" title="Ascaris lumbricoides">Ascaris lumbricoides</A></I>)</LI>
<LI>Other Protozoa (e.g. <I><A href="/wiki/Cryptosporidium_parvum" title="Cryptosporidium parvum">Cryptosporidium parvum</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Cyclospora" title="Cyclospora">Cyclospora</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Microsporidia" title="Microsporidia">Microsporidia</A></I>, <I><A href="/wiki/Entamoeba_histolytica" title="Entamoeba histolytica">Entamoeba histolytica</A></I>)</LI>
<LI>Bacterial infections
<UL>
<LI>Enterotoxigenic <I><A href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Salmonella_enterica" title="Salmonella enterica">Salmonella enterica</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Campylobacter" title="Campylobacter">Campylobacter</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Shigella" title="Shigella">Shigella</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Yersinia" title="Yersinia">Yersinia</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Clostridium_difficile_colitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Clostridium difficile colitis">Clostridium difficile</A></I> (antibiotic-associated colitis, <I><A href="/wiki/Pseudomembranous_colitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudomembranous colitis">Pseudomembranous colitis</A></I>)</LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Mycobacterium" title="Mycobacterium">Mycobacterium</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_avium_paratuberculosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis">Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis</A>, disseminated <I><A href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</A></I>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Whipple%27s_disease" title="Whipple's disease">Whipple's disease</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Vibrio" title="Vibrio">Vibrio</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</A>)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">Enteric (typhoid) fever</A> (<I><A href="/wiki/Salmonella_enterica" title="Salmonella enterica">Salmonella enterica</A></I> var. typhii) and <A href="/wiki/Paratyphoid_fever" title="Paratyphoid fever">paratyphoid fever</A></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Bacillus_cereus" title="Bacillus cereus">Bacillus cereus</A></I></LI>
<LI><I><A href="/wiki/Clostridium_perfringens" title="Clostridium perfringens">Clostridium perfringens</A></I> (<A href="/wiki/Gas_gangrene" title="Gas gangrene">gas gangrene</A>)</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI>Viral infections
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rotavirus" title="Rotavirus">Rotavirus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Norovirus" title="Norovirus">Norovirus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Astrovirus" title="Astrovirus">Astrovirus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adenovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenovirus">Adenovirus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Calicivirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicivirus">Calicivirus</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Neoplasm" title="Neoplasm">Neoplasms</A> (cancers)
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Adenocarcinoma" title="Adenocarcinoma">Adenocarcinoma</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Carcinoid" title="Carcinoid">Carcinoid</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_stromal_tumor" title="Gastrointestinal stromal tumor">Gastrointestinal stromal tumor</A> (GIST)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lymphoma" title="Lymphoma">Lymphoma</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sarcoma" title="Sarcoma">Sarcoma</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Leiomyoma" title="Leiomyoma">Leiomyoma</A></LI>
<LI>Metastatic tumors, especially <A href="/wiki/Small_cell_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Small cell carcinoma">SCLC</A> or <A href="/wiki/Melanoma" title="Melanoma">melanoma</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI>Developmental, congenital or genetic conditions
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Intestinal_atresia" title="Intestinal atresia">Duodenal (intestinal) atresia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hirschsprung%27s_disease" title="Hirschsprung's disease">Hirschsprung's disease</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Meckel%27s_diverticulum" title="Meckel's diverticulum">Meckel's diverticulum</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pyloric_stenosis" title="Pyloric stenosis">Pyloric stenosis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pancreas_divisum" title="Pancreas divisum">Pancreas divisum</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ectopic_pancreas" title="Ectopic pancreas">Ectopic pancreas</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Enteric_duplication_cyst" title="Enteric duplication cyst">Enteric duplication cyst</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Situs_inversus" title="Situs inversus">Situs inversus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis" title="Cystic fibrosis">Cystic fibrosis</A></LI>
<LI>Malrotation</LI>
<LI>Persistent <A href="/wiki/Urachus" title="Urachus">urachus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Omphalocele" title="Omphalocele">Omphalocele</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gastroschisis" title="Gastroschisis">Gastroschisis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Disaccharidase" title="Disaccharidase">Disaccharidase</A> (<A href="/wiki/Lactase" title="Lactase">lactase</A>) deficiencies</LI>
<LI>Primary <A href="/wiki/Bile_acid" title="Bile acid">bile acid</A> <A href="/wiki/Bile_acid_malabsorption" title="Bile acid malabsorption">malabsorption</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gardner_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardner syndrome">Gardner syndrome</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Familial_adenomatous_polyposis" title="Familial adenomatous polyposis">Familial adenomatous polyposis</A> syndrome (FAP)</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI>Other conditions
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</A>, and the more general <A href="/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_disease" title="Inflammatory bowel disease">inflammatory bowel disease</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Typhlitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhlitis">Typhlitis</A> (<A href="/wiki/Neutropenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutropenic">neutropenic</A> <A href="/wiki/Colitis" title="Colitis">colitis</A> in the <A href="/wiki/Immunosuppressed" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunosuppressed">immunosuppressed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Coeliac_disease" title="Coeliac disease">Coeliac disease</A> (sprue or non-tropical sprue)</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mesenteric_ischemia" title="Mesenteric ischemia">Mesenteric ischemia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Embolus" title="Embolus">Embolus</A> or <A href="/wiki/Thrombus" title="Thrombus">thrombus</A> of the <A href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_artery" title="Superior mesenteric artery">superior mesenteric artery</A> or the <A href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_vein" title="Superior mesenteric vein">superior mesenteric vein</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Arteriovenous_malformation" title="Arteriovenous malformation">Arteriovenous malformation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gastric_dumping_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastric dumping syndrome">Gastric dumping syndrome</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome" title="Irritable bowel syndrome">Irritable bowel syndrome</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptic ulcer">Duodenal (peptic) ulcers</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_perforation" title="Gastrointestinal perforation">Gastrointestinal perforation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">Hyperthyroidism</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Diverticulitis" title="Diverticulitis">Diverticulitis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/w/index.php?title=Radiation_enterocolitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiation enterocolitis (page does not exist)">Radiation enterocolitis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mesenteric_cyst" title="Mesenteric cyst">Mesenteric cysts</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peritoneal" class="mw-redirect" title="Peritoneal">Peritoneal</A> Infection</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sclerosing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sclerosing">Sclerosing</A> <A href="/w/index.php?title=Retroperitonitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retroperitonitis (page does not exist)">retroperitonitis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Small_intestinal_bacterial_overgrowth" title="Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth">Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Endometriosis" title="Endometriosis">Endometriosis</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Other_animals">Other animals</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other animals">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>The small intestine is found in all <A href="/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">tetrapods</A> and also in <A href="/wiki/Teleost" title="Teleost">teleosts</A>, although its form and length vary enormously between species. In teleosts, it is relatively short, typically around one and a half times the length of the fish's body. It commonly has a number of <I>pyloric caeca</I>, small pouch-like structures along its length that help to increase the overall surface area of the organ for digesting food. There is no ileocaecal valve in teleosts, with the boundary between the small intestine and the <A href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">rectum</A> being marked only by the end of the digestive epitheliu <SUP id="cite_ref-VB_21-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-VB-21">[21]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In tetrapods, the <A href="/wiki/Ileocaecal_valve" class="mw-redirect" title="Ileocaecal valve">ileocaecal valve</A> is always present, opening into the colon. The length of the small intestine is typically longer in tetrapods than in teleosts, but is especially so in <A href="/wiki/Herbivore" title="Herbivore">herbivores</A>, as well as in mammals and <A href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</A>, which have a higher <A href="/wiki/Metabolic_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolic rate">metabolic rate</A> than <A href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</A> or <A href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</A>. The lining of the small intestine includes microscopic folds to increase its surface area in all vertebrates, but only in mammals do these develop into true villi.<SUP id="cite_ref-VB_21-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-VB-21">[21]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The boundaries between the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum are somewhat vague even in humans, and such distinctions are either ignored when discussing the anatomy of other animals, or are essentially arbitrary.<SUP id="cite_ref-VB_21-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-VB-21">[21]</A></SUP></P>
<P>There is no small intestine as such in non-teleost fish, such as <A href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">sharks</A>, <A href="/wiki/Sturgeon" title="Sturgeon">sturgeons</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Lungfish" title="Lungfish">lungfish</A>. Instead, the digestive part of the gut forms a <B>spiral intestine</B>, connecting the stomach to the rectum. In this type of gut, the intestine itself is relatively straight but has a long fold running along the inner surface in a spiral fashion, sometimes for dozens of turns. This valve greatly increases both the surface area and the effective length of the intestine. The lining of the spiral intestine is similar to that of the small intestine in teleosts and non-mammalian tetrapods.<SUP id="cite_ref-VB_21-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-VB-21">[21]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In <A href="/wiki/Lamprey" title="Lamprey">lampreys</A>, the spiral valve is extremely small, possibly because their diet requires little digestion. <A href="/wiki/Hagfish" title="Hagfish">Hagfish</A> have no spiral valve at all, with digestion occurring for almost the entire length of the intestine, which is not subdivided into different regions.<SUP id="cite_ref-VB_21-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-VB-21">[21]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Society and culture">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>In <A href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Small_intestine_(TCM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Small intestine (TCM)">small intestine</A> is a <A href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">yang</A> organ.<SUP id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-22">[22]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Additional_images">Additional images</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Additional images">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<LI class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<DIV style="width: 155px">
<DIV class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<DIV style="margin:15px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1906_408.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sobo_1906_408.png/92px-Sobo_1906_408.png" width="92" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sobo_1906_408.png/138px-Sobo_1906_408.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sobo_1906_408.png/184px-Sobo_1906_408.png 2x" data-file-width="2019" data-file-height="2631" /></A></DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="gallerytext">
<P>Small intestine <A href="/wiki/In_situ" title="In situ">in situ</A>, greater omentum folded upwards.</P>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</LI>
<LI class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<DIV style="width: 155px">
<DIV class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<DIV style="margin:15px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1906_401.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sobo_1906_401.png/120px-Sobo_1906_401.png" width="120" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sobo_1906_401.png/179px-Sobo_1906_401.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sobo_1906_401.png/239px-Sobo_1906_401.png 2x" data-file-width="1794" data-file-height="1800" /></A></DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="gallerytext">
<P>Third state of the development of the intestinal canal and peritoneum, seen from in front (diagrammatic). The mode of preparation is the same as in <A href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1906_400.png" title="File:Sobo 1906 400.png">Fig 400</A></P>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</LI>
<LI class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<DIV style="width: 155px">
<DIV class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<DIV style="margin:15px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1906_400.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sobo_1906_400.png/108px-Sobo_1906_400.png" width="108" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sobo_1906_400.png/162px-Sobo_1906_400.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sobo_1906_400.png/217px-Sobo_1906_400.png 2x" data-file-width="1755" data-file-height="1944" /></A></DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="gallerytext">
<P>Second stage of development of the intestinal canal and peritoneum, seen from in front (diagrammatic). The liver has been removed and the two layers of the ventral mesogastrium (lesser omentum) have been cut. The vessels are represented in black and the peritoneum in the reddish tint.</P>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</LI>
<LI class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<DIV style="width: 155px">
<DIV class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<DIV style="margin:15px auto;"><A href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1906_399.png" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sobo_1906_399.png/117px-Sobo_1906_399.png" width="117" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sobo_1906_399.png/176px-Sobo_1906_399.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sobo_1906_399.png/235px-Sobo_1906_399.png 2x" data-file-width="1866" data-file-height="1908" /></A></DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="gallerytext">
<P>First stage of the development of the intestinal canal and the peritoneum, seen from the side (diagrammatic). From colon 1 the ascending and transverse colon will be formed and from colon 2 the descending and sigmoid colons and the rectum.</P>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<TABLE role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD class="mbox-image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></TD>
<TD class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <I><B><A href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Small_intestine" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Small intestine">Small intestine</A></B></I>.</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">Large intestine</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">Stomach</A></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanphysiology.tuars.com/program/section6/6ch2/s6ch2_30.htm">Physiology: 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30</A> - Essentials of Human Physiology</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/275485/human-body">human body | Britannica.com</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Di2016-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Di2016_3-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Di2016_3-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Di2016_3-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">DiBaise, John K.; Parrish, Carol Rees; Thompson, Jon S. (2016). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GBhjDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31"><I>Short Bowel Syndrome: Practical Approach to Management</I></A>. CRC Press. p. 31. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781498720809" title="Special:BookSources/9781498720809">9781498720809</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Short+Bowel+Syndrome%3A+Practical+Approach+to+Management&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781498720809&rft.aulast=DiBaise&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft.au=Parrish%2C+Carol+Rees&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Jon+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGBhjDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Tortora, Gerard (2014). <I>Principles of Anatomy & Physiology</I>. USA: Wiley. p. 913. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-34500-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-34500-9">978-1-118-34500-9</A>. <Q>..its length is about 3m in a living person and about 6.5m in a cadaver due to loss of smooth muscle tone after death.</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Anatomy+%26+Physiology&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=913&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-118-34500-9&rft.aulast=Tortora&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Standring, Susan (2016). <I>Gray's Anatomy</I>. UK: Elsevier. p. 1124. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-5230-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-5230-9">978-0-7020-5230-9</A>. <Q>..and has a mean length of 5 metres (3 - 8.5 metres) when measured intraoperatively in the living adult (Tietelbaum et al 2013).</Q></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+Anatomy&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=1124&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-7020-5230-9&rft.aulast=Standring&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Debora Duro, Daniel Kamin (2007). "Overview of short bowel syndrome and intestinal transplantation". <I>Colombia Médica</I>. <B>38</B> (1).</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colombia+M%C3%A9dica&rft.atitle=Overview+of+short+bowel+syndrome+and+intestinal+transplantation&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Debora+Duro%2C+Daniel+Kamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-medscape-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-medscape_7-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-medscape_7-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Ali Nawaz Khan (2016-09-22). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/374962-overview">"Small-Bowel Obstruction Imaging"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Medscape" title="Medscape">Medscape</A></I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-02-07</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medscape&rft.atitle=Small-Bowel+Obstruction+Imaging&rft.date=2016-09-22&rft.au=Ali+Nawaz+Khan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femedicine.medscape.com%2Farticle%2F374962-overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-8"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/abdo/abdomen_x-ray_abnormalities/pathology_small_bowel_obstruction">"Abdominal X-ray - Abnormal bowel gas pattern"</A>. <I>radiologymasterclass.co.uk</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-02-07</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=radiologymasterclass.co.uk&rft.atitle=Abdominal+X-ray+-+Abnormal+bowel+gas+pattern&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiologymasterclass.co.uk%2Ftutorials%2Fabdo%2Fabdomen_x-ray_abnormalities%2Fpathology_small_bowel_obstruction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-GazelleGoldberg1994-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-GazelleGoldberg1994_9-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Gazelle, G S; Goldberg, M A; Wittenberg, J; Halpern, E F; Pinkney, L; Mueller, P R (1994). "Efficacy of CT in distinguishing small-bowel obstruction from other causes of small-bowel dilatation". <I>American Journal of Roentgenology</I>. <B>162</B> (1): 43–47. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.2214%2Fajr.162.1.8273687">10.2214/ajr.162.1.8273687</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0361-803X">0361-803X</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Roentgenology&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+CT+in+distinguishing+small-bowel+obstruction+from+other+causes+of+small-bowel+dilatation.&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=43-47&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2214%2Fajr.162.1.8273687&rft.issn=0361-803X&rft.aulast=Gazelle&rft.aufirst=G+S&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+M+A&rft.au=Wittenberg%2C+J&rft.au=Halpern%2C+E+F&rft.au=Pinkney%2C+L&rft.au=Mueller%2C+P+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Helander, Herbert F; Fändriks, Lars (2015). "Surface area of the digestive tract – revisited". <I>Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology</I>. <B>49</B> (6): 681–689. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.3109%2F00365521.2014.898326">10.3109/00365521.2014.898326</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-5521">0036-5521</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24694282">24694282</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=Surface+area+of+the+digestive+tract+%E2%80%93+revisited&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=681-689&rft.date=2015&rft.issn=0036-5521&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24694282&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3109%2F00365521.2014.898326&rft.aulast=Helander&rft.aufirst=Herbert+F&rft.au=F%C3%A4ndriks%2C+Lars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-GRAYS2005-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-GRAYS2005_11-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). <I>Gray's anatomy for students</I>. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 273. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8089-2306-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8089-2306-0">978-0-8089-2306-0</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+anatomy+for+students&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=Elsevier%2FChurchill+Livingstone&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8089-2306-0&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft.au=Vogl%2C+Wayne&rft.au=Tibbitts%2C+Adam+W.M.+Mitchell&rft.au=illustrations+by+Richard&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-GRAYS2005C-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-GRAYS2005C_12-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). <I>Gray's anatomy for students</I>. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 271. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8089-2306-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8089-2306-0">978-0-8089-2306-0</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+anatomy+for+students&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Elsevier%2FChurchill+Livingstone&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8089-2306-0&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft.au=Vogl%2C+Wayne&rft.au=Tibbitts%2C+Adam+W.M.+Mitchell&rft.au=illustrations+by+Richard&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-GRAYS2005B-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-GRAYS2005B_13-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-GRAYS2005B_13-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). <I>Gray's anatomy for students</I>. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. pp. 295–299. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8089-2306-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8089-2306-0">978-0-8089-2306-0</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+anatomy+for+students&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=295-299&rft.pub=Elsevier%2FChurchill+Livingstone&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8089-2306-0&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft.au=Vogl%2C+Wayne&rft.au=Tibbitts%2C+Adam+W.M.+Mitchell&rft.au=illustrations+by+Richard&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-LARSENS2009-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-LARSENS2009_14-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-LARSENS2009_14-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Schoenwolf, Gary C.; Bleyl, Steven B.; Brauer, Philip R.; Francis-West, Philippa H. (2009). "Development of the Urogenital system". <I>Larsen's human embryology</I> (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. p. 237. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780443068119" title="Special:BookSources/9780443068119">9780443068119</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Development+of+the+Urogenital+system&rft.btitle=Larsen%27s+human+embryology&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=237&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Churchill+Livingstone%2FElsevier&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780443068119&rft.aulast=Schoenwolf&rft.aufirst=Gary+C.&rft.au=Bleyl%2C+Steven+B.&rft.au=Brauer%2C+Philip+R.&rft.au=Francis-West%2C+Philippa+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-15"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Silk DB (1974). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1413009">"Progress report. Peptide absorption in man"</A>. <I>Gut</I>. <B>15</B> (6): 494–501. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1136%2Fgut.15.6.494">10.1136/gut.15.6.494</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</A> <SPAN class="plainlinks"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1413009">1413009</A> <IMG alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" title="Freely accessible" width="9" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></SPAN>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4604970">4604970</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gut&rft.atitle=Progress+report.+Peptide+absorption+in+man&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=494-501&rft.date=1974&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1413009&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4604970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fgut.15.6.494&rft.au=Silk+DB&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1413009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-16"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.massgeneral.org/about/pressrelease.aspx?id=1533">"Intestinal immune cells play an unexpected role in immune surveillance of the bloodstream"</A>. Massachusetts General Hospital. 13 December 2012.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intestinal+immune+cells+play+an+unexpected+role+in+immune+surveillance+of+the+bloodstream&rft.pub=Massachusetts+General+Hospital&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.massgeneral.org%2Fabout%2Fpressrelease.aspx%3Fid%3D1533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Canny, G. O.; McCormick, B. A. (2008). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2493210">"Bacteria in the Intestine, Helpful Residents or Enemies from Within?"</A>. <I>Infection and Immunity</I>. <B>76</B> (8): 3360–3373. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1128%2FIAI.00187-08">10.1128/IAI.00187-08</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0019-9567">0019-9567</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</A> <SPAN class="plainlinks"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2493210">2493210</A> <IMG alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" title="Freely accessible" width="9" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></SPAN>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18474643">18474643</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Bacteria+in+the+Intestine%2C+Helpful+Residents+or+Enemies+from+Within%3F&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=3360-3373&rft.date=2008&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2493210&rft.issn=0019-9567&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18474643&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FIAI.00187-08&rft.aulast=Canny&rft.aufirst=G.+O.&rft.au=McCormick%2C+B.+A.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2493210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proteinatlas.org/humanproteome/small+intestine">"The human proteome in small intestine - The Human Protein Atlas"</A>. <I>www.proteinatlas.org</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-09-26</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.proteinatlas.org&rft.atitle=The+human+proteome+in+small+intestine+-+The+Human+Protein+Atlas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proteinatlas.org%2Fhumanproteome%2Fsmall%2Bintestine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-19"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-19"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Uhlén, Mathias; Fagerberg, Linn; Hallström, Björn M.; Lindskog, Cecilia; Oksvold, Per; Mardinoglu, Adil; Sivertsson, Åsa; Kampf, Caroline; Sjöstedt, Evelina (2015-01-23). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6220/1260419">"Tissue-based map of the human proteome"</A>. <I>Science</I>. <B>347</B> (6220): 1260419. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1260419">10.1126/science.1260419</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613900">25613900</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Tissue-based+map+of+the+human+proteome&rft.volume=347&rft.issue=6220&rft.pages=1260419&rft.date=2015-01-23&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25613900&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1260419&rft.aulast=Uhl%C3%A9n&rft.aufirst=Mathias&rft.au=Fagerberg%2C+Linn&rft.au=Hallstr%C3%B6m%2C+Bj%C3%B6rn+M.&rft.au=Lindskog%2C+Cecilia&rft.au=Oksvold%2C+Per&rft.au=Mardinoglu%2C+Adil&rft.au=Sivertsson%2C+%C3%85sa&rft.au=Kampf%2C+Caroline&rft.au=Sj%C3%B6stedt%2C+Evelina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.sciencemag.org%2Fcontent%2F347%2F6220%2F1260419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-20"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-20"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Gremel, Gabriela; Wanders, Alkwin; Cedernaes, Jonathan; Fagerberg, Linn; Hallström, Björn; Edlund, Karolina; Sjöstedt, Evelina; Uhlén, Mathias; Pontén, Fredrik (2015-01-01). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00535-014-0958-7">"The human gastrointestinal tract-specific transcriptome and proteome as defined by RNA sequencing and antibody-based profiling"</A>. <I>Journal of Gastroenterology</I>. <B>50</B> (1): 46–57. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00535-014-0958-7">10.1007/s00535-014-0958-7</A>. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0944-1174">0944-1174</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=The+human+gastrointestinal+tract-specific+transcriptome+and+proteome+as+defined+by+RNA+sequencing+and+antibody-based+profiling&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=46-57&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00535-014-0958-7&rft.issn=0944-1174&rft.aulast=Gremel&rft.aufirst=Gabriela&rft.au=Wanders%2C+Alkwin&rft.au=Cedernaes%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Fagerberg%2C+Linn&rft.au=Hallstr%C3%B6m%2C+Bj%C3%B6rn&rft.au=Edlund%2C+Karolina&rft.au=Sj%C3%B6stedt%2C+Evelina&rft.au=Uhl%C3%A9n%2C+Mathias&rft.au=Pont%C3%A9n%2C+Fredrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs00535-014-0958-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-VB-21"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-VB_21-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-VB_21-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-VB_21-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-VB_21-3"><SUP><I><B>d</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-VB_21-4"><SUP><I><B>e</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). <I>The Vertebrate Body</I>. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 349–353. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-03-910284-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-03-910284-X">0-03-910284-X</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vertebrate+Body&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=349-353&rft.pub=Holt-Saunders+International&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-03-910284-X&rft.au=Romer%2C+Alfred+Sherwood&rft.au=Parsons%2C+Thomas+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-22"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-22"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Porter [ed.], Roy (1997). <I>Medicine : a history of healing</I>. [S.l.]: Diane Pub Co. p. 104. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780756751432" title="Special:BookSources/9780756751432">9780756751432</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medicine+%3A+a+history+of+healing&rft.place=%5BS.l.%5D&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Diane+Pub+Co&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780756751432&rft.aulast=Porter+%5Bed.%5D&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (<A href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Extra_text:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list">link</A>)</SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="refbegin" style="">
<UL>
<LI><CITE class="citation book">Sherwood, Lauralee (2006). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=GoMD0tpYgBkC"><I>Fundamentals of physiology: a human perspective</I></A> (Third ed.). Florence, KY: Cengage Learning. p. 768. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-534-46697-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-534-46697-4">0-534-46697-4</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+physiology%3A+a+human+perspective&rft.place=Florence%2C+KY&rft.pages=768&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-534-46697-4&rft.aulast=Sherwood&rft.aufirst=Lauralee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DGoMD0tpYgBkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI>Solomon et al. (2002) Biology Sixth Edition, Brooks-Cole/Thomson Learning <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-03-033503-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-03-033503-5">0-03-033503-5</A></LI>
<LI>Townsend et al. (2004) Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, Elsevier <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7216-0409-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7216-0409-9">0-7216-0409-9</A></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation journal">Thomson A, Drozdowski L, Iordache C, Thomson B, Vermeire S, Clandinin M, Wild G (2003). "Small bowel review: Normal physiology, part 1". <I>Dig Dis Sci</I>. <B>48</B> (8): 1546–64. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1024719925058">10.1023/A:1024719925058</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12924651">12924651</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dig+Dis+Sci&rft.atitle=Small+bowel+review%3A+Normal+physiology%2C+part+1.&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1546-64&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1024719925058&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12924651&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Drozdowski%2C+L&rft.au=Iordache%2C+C&rft.au=Thomson%2C+B&rft.au=Vermeire%2C+S&rft.au=Clandinin%2C+M&rft.au=Wild%2C+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><CITE class="citation journal">Thomson A, Drozdowski L, Iordache C, Thomson B, Vermeire S, Clandinin M, Wild G (2003). "Small bowel review: Normal physiology, part 2". <I>Dig Dis Sci</I>. <B>48</B> (8): 1565–81. <A href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</A>:<A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1024724109128">10.1023/A:1024724109128</A>. <A href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</A> <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12924652">12924652</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dig+Dis+Sci&rft.atitle=Small+bowel+review%3A+Normal+physiology%2C+part+2.&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1565-81&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1024724109128&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12924652&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Drozdowski%2C+L&rft.au=Iordache%2C+C&rft.au=Thomson%2C+B&rft.au=Vermeire%2C+S&rft.au=Clandinin%2C+M&rft.au=Wild%2C+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<UL>
<LI><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proteinatlas.org/humanproteome/small+intestine">Small intestine</A> at the <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proteinatlas.org">Human Protein Atlas</A></LI>
</UL>
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<DIV id="Anatomy_of_the_gastrointestinal_tract,_excluding_the_mouth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <A href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</A>, excluding the <A href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">mouth</A></DIV>
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<LI><A href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_muscles" title="Pharyngeal muscles">Muscles</A></LI>
<LI>Spaces
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peripharyngeal_space" title="Peripharyngeal space">peripharyngeal</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Retropharyngeal_space" title="Retropharyngeal space">retropharyngeal</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Parapharyngeal_space" title="Parapharyngeal space">parapharyngeal</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Retrovisceral_space" title="Retrovisceral space">retrovisceral</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Danger_space" title="Danger space">danger</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Prevertebral_space" title="Prevertebral space">prevertebral</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pterygomandibular_raphe" title="Pterygomandibular raphe">Pterygomandibular raphe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_raphe" title="Pharyngeal raphe">Pharyngeal raphe</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Buccopharyngeal_fascia" title="Buccopharyngeal fascia">Buccopharyngeal fascia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pharyngobasilar_fascia" title="Pharyngobasilar fascia">Pharyngobasilar fascia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Piriform_sinus" title="Piriform sinus">Piriform sinus</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">Esophagus</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Sphincters
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Esophagus#Sphincters" title="Esophagus">upper</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Stomach#Sections" title="Stomach">lower</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Esophageal_gland" title="Esophageal gland">glands</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">Stomach</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>Curvatures
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Curvatures_of_the_stomach#Greater_curvature" title="Curvatures of the stomach">greater</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Curvatures_of_the_stomach#Lesser_curvature" title="Curvatures of the stomach">lesser</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Angular_incisure" title="Angular incisure">Angular incisure</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Stomach#Sections" title="Stomach">Cardia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Stomach#Structure" title="Stomach">Body</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Stomach#Structure" title="Stomach">Fundus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pylorus" title="Pylorus">Pylorus</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pylorus#Pyloric_antrum" title="Pylorus">antrum</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pylorus#Pyloric_canal" title="Pylorus">canal</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pylorus#Pyloric_sphincter" title="Pylorus">sphincter</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gastric_mucosa" title="Gastric mucosa">Gastric mucosa</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gastric_folds" title="Gastric folds">Gastric folds</A></LI>
<LI>Microanatomy
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gastric_pits" title="Gastric pits">Gastric pits</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gastric_glands" title="Gastric glands">Gastric glands</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cardiac_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac glands">Cardiac glands</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Fundic_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundic glands">Fundic glands</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pylorus#Histology" title="Pylorus">Pyloric glands</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Foveolar_cell" title="Foveolar cell">Foveolar cell</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Parietal_cell" title="Parietal cell">Parietal cell</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gastric_chief_cell" title="Gastric chief cell">Gastric chief cell</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Enterochromaffin-like_cell" title="Enterochromaffin-like cell">Enterochromaffin-like cell</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract#Lower_gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Lower</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Small intestine</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microanatomy</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">Intestinal villus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Intestinal_gland" title="Intestinal gland">Intestinal gland</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Enterocyte" title="Enterocyte">Enterocyte</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Enteroendocrine_cell" title="Enteroendocrine cell">Enteroendocrine cell</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Goblet_cell" title="Goblet cell">Goblet cell</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Paneth_cell" title="Paneth cell">Paneth cell</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">Duodenum</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum" title="Suspensory muscle of duodenum">Suspensory muscle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Major_duodenal_papilla" title="Major duodenal papilla">Major duodenal papilla</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Minor_duodenal_papilla" title="Minor duodenal papilla">Minor duodenal papilla</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Duodenojejunal_flexure" title="Duodenojejunal flexure">Duodenojejunal flexure</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Brunner%27s_glands" title="Brunner's glands">Brunner's glands</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">Jejunum</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI>No substructures</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">Ileum</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ileocecal_valve" title="Ileocecal valve">Ileocecal valve</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Peyer%27s_patch" title="Peyer's patch">Peyer's patches</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Microfold_cell" title="Microfold cell">Microfold cell</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">Large intestine</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Cecum" title="Cecum">Cecum</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Appendix_(anatomy)" title="Appendix (anatomy)">Appendix</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Large_intestine#Structure" title="Large intestine">Colon</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Ascending_colon" title="Ascending colon">Ascending colon</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hepatic_flexure" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatic flexure">Hepatic flexure</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Transverse_colon" title="Transverse colon">Transverse colon</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Splenic_flexure" class="mw-redirect" title="Splenic flexure">Splenic flexure</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Descending_colon" title="Descending colon">Descending colon</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sigmoid_colon" title="Sigmoid colon">Sigmoid colon</A></LI>
<LI>Continuous
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Taenia_coli" title="Taenia coli">taenia coli</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Haustrum_(anatomy)" title="Haustrum (anatomy)">haustra</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Epiploic_appendix" title="Epiploic appendix">epiploic appendix</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">Rectum</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Transverse_folds_of_rectum" title="Transverse folds of rectum">Transverse folds</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rectal_ampulla" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectal ampulla">Ampulla</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Anal_canal" title="Anal canal">Anal canal</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">Anus</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anal_columns" title="Anal columns">Anal columns</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anal_valves" title="Anal valves">Anal valves</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Anal_sinuses" title="Anal sinuses">Anal sinuses</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Pectinate_line" title="Pectinate line">Pectinate line</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Internal_anal_sphincter" title="Internal anal sphincter">Internal anal sphincter</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Intersphincteric_groove" title="Intersphincteric groove">Intersphincteric groove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/External_anal_sphincter" title="External anal sphincter">External anal sphincter</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
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</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall" title="Gastrointestinal wall">Wall</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Serous_membrane" title="Serous membrane">Serosa</A> / <A href="/wiki/Adventitia" title="Adventitia">Adventitia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Subserosa" title="Subserosa">Subserosa</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Muscular_layer" title="Muscular layer">Muscular layer</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Submucosa" title="Submucosa">Submucosa</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Circular_folds" title="Circular folds">Circular folds</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mucous_membrane" title="Mucous membrane">Mucosa</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Muscularis_mucosae" title="Muscularis mucosae">Muscularis mucosa</A></LI>
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<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
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<UL>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</A>: <SPAN class="uid"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4013218-3">4013218-3</A></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" title="National Diet Library">NDL</A>: <SPAN class="uid"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00987719">00987719</A></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
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					<LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af" style="display: none;"><A href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunderm" title="Dunderm – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als" style="display: none;"><A href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnndarm" title="Dünndarm – Alemannisch" lang="als" hreflang="als" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><A href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" title="أمعاء دقيقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an" style="display: none;"><A href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodiello_chicot" title="Bodiello chicot – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc" style="display: none;"><A href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%A5%DC%9D%DC%90_%DC%A9%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܡܥܝܐ ܩܛܝܢܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as" style="display: none;"><A href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="ক্ষুদ্ৰান্ত্ৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intest%C3%ADn_delg%C3%A1u" title="Intestín delgáu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az" style="display: none;"><A href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazik_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1rsaq" title="Nazik bağırsaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="ক্ষুদ্রান্ত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan" style="display: none;"><A href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B3-tn%CC%82g" title="Sió-tn̂g – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="zh-min-nan" hreflang="zh-min-nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%99%D2%99%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Нәҙек эсәк – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be" style="display: none;"><A href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тонкая кішка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old" style="display: none;"><A href="https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тонкая кішка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-x-old" hreflang="be-x-old" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Тънко черво – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanko_crijevo" title="Tanko crijevo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br" style="display: none;"><A href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouzellenn_voan" title="Bouzellenn voan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intest%C3%AD_prim" title="Intestí prim – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenk%C3%A9_st%C5%99evo" title="Tenké střevo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coluddyn_bach" title="Coluddyn bach – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da" style="display: none;"><A href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyndtarm" title="Tyndtarm – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de" style="display: none;"><A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnndarm" title="Dünndarm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><A href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%91%DE%A6_%DE%8E%DE%AE%DE%80%DE%AE%DE%83%DE%AA" title="ކުޑަ ގޮހޮރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et" style="display: none;"><A href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peensool" title="Peensool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el" style="display: none;"><A href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CF%8C_%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Λεπτό έντερο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestino_delgado" title="Intestino delgado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldika_intesto" title="Maldika intesto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heste_mehar" title="Heste mehar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="روده باریک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestin_gr%C3%AAle" title="Intestin grêle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestino_delgado" title="Intestino delgado – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EC%9E%A5_(%ED%95%B4%EB%B6%80%ED%95%99)" title="소장 (해부학) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%AB%D6%84" title="Բարակ աղիք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><A href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="क्षुद्रांत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanko_crijevo" title="Tanko crijevo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silet" title="Silet – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><A href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usus_halus" title="Usus halus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is" style="display: none;"><A href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mj%C3%B3girni" title="Mjógirni – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it" style="display: none;"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestino_tenue" title="Intestino tenue – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he" style="display: none;"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A7" title="המעי הדק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usus_alus" title="Usus alus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Jawa</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malating_bituka" title="Malating bituka – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%89%D1%8B_%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Ащы ішек – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utumbo_mwembamba" title="Utumbo mwembamba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti_trip" title="Ti trip – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBviya_zirav" title="Rûviya zirav – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la" style="display: none;"><A href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestinum_tenue" title="Intestinum tenue – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle" title="good article"><A href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiev%C4%81_zarna" title="Tievā zarna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt" style="display: none;"><A href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plonoji_%C5%BEarna" title="Plonoji žarna – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li" style="display: none;"><A href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnen_derm" title="Dunnen derm – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mos%C9%94p%C9%94%CC%81_mok%C9%9B%CC%81" title="Mosɔpɔ́ mokɛ́ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9konyb%C3%A9l" title="Vékonybél – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Тенко црево – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="ചെറുകുടൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="लहान आतडे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usus_kecil" title="Usus kecil – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo" style="display: none;"><A href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C4%93u-di%C3%B2ng" title="Siēu-diòng – Min Dong Chinese" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunne_darm" title="Dunne darm – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%85%B8" title="小腸 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no" style="display: none;"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tynntarm" title="Tynntarm – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn" style="display: none;"><A href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tynntarm" title="Tynntarm – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc" style="display: none;"><A href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestin_prim" title="Intestin prim – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz" style="display: none;"><A href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingichka_ichak" title="Ingichka ichak – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0" title="ਨਿੱਕੀ ਆਂਦਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="نکی آندر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelito_cienkie" title="Jelito cienkie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt" style="display: none;"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestino_delgado" title="Intestino delgado – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestin_sub%C8%9Bire" title="Intestin subțire – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu" style="display: none;"><A href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91a%C3%B1u_ch%27unchul" title="Ñañu ch'unchul – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue" style="display: none;"><A href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тонка кышка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тонкая кишка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%81_%D0%BEh%D0%BE%D2%95%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Синньигэс оhоҕос – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smaw_thairm" title="Smaw thairm – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorr%C3%ABt_e_holla" title="Zorrët e holla – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple" style="display: none;"><A href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenk%C3%A9_%C4%8Drevo" title="Tenké črevo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanko_%C4%8Drevo" title="Tanko črevo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so" style="display: none;"><A href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindhicirka_yar" title="Mindhicirka yar – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8C%D8%AE%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%95" title="ڕیخۆڵەباریکە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Танко црево – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanko_crijevo" title="Tanko crijevo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohutsuoli" title="Ohutsuoli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv" style="display: none;"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunntarm" title="Tunntarm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliit_na_bituka" title="Maliit na bituka – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta" style="display: none;"><A href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சிறுகுடல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te" style="display: none;"><A href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81" title="చిన్న ప్రేగు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th" style="display: none;"><A href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="ลำไส้เล็ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr" style="display: none;"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nce_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1rsak" title="İnce bağırsak – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk" style="display: none;"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тонка кишка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><A href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA" title="چھوٹی آنت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za" style="display: none;"><A href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saejlwg" title="Saejlwg – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%E1%BB%99t_non" title="Ruột non – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war" style="display: none;"><A href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guti_nga_tina-i" title="Guti nga tina-i – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi" style="display: none;"><A href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%A2" title="קליינע קישקע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue" style="display: none;"><A href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%85%B8" title="小腸 – Cantonese" lang="zh-yue" hreflang="zh-yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq" style="display: none;"><A href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roq%C4%B1la_bariye" title="Roqıla bariye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg" style="display: none;"><A href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C4%ABstgruobis" title="Skīstgruobis – Samogitian" lang="bat-smg" hreflang="bat-smg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%82%A0" title="小肠 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI>				<BUTTON class="mw-interlanguage-selector mw-ui-button" title="All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)">88 more</BUTTON></UL>
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document_title: Small intestine

token: Small

token: intestine

token: wikipedia

token: Jump

token: to

token: navigation

token: search

token: <Table>

token: <Tr>

token: <Th colspan="2">

token: Intestine

token: <Td colspan="2">

token: Diagram

token: showing

token: the

token: small

token: and

token: surrounding

token: structures

token: Details

token: <Th>

token: System

token: <Td>

token: Digestive

token: system

token: Artery

token: Superior

token: mesenteric

token: artery

token: Vein

token: Hepatic

token: portal

token: vein

token: Nerve

token: Celiac

token: ganglia

token: vagus

token: Lymph

token: Intestinal

token: lymph

token: trunk

token: Identifiers

token: Latin

token: Intestinum

token: tenue

token: MeSH

token: TA

token: FMA

token: Anatomical

token: terminology

token: edit

token: on

token: Wikidata

token: </Table>

token: The

token: or

token: bowel

token: is

token: part

token: српскохрватски

question_text: where are most nutrients absorbed in the human digestive tract