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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Health (gaming)</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Video_game_health_bar.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="A light red bar, 39% of which is filled with a darker shade of red" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Video_game_health_bar.svg/220px-Video_game_health_bar.svg.png" width="220" height="86" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Video_game_health_bar.svg/330px-Video_game_health_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Video_game_health_bar.svg/440px-Video_game_health_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="224" /></A>
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A health bar, a possible representation of the health of a character.</DIV>
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<P><B>Health</B> or <B>vitality</B> is an <A href="/wiki/Attribute_(role-playing_games)" title="Attribute (role-playing games)">attribute</A> assigned to <A href="/wiki/Entity" title="Entity">entities</A>, such as the <A href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">player character</A>, enemies and objects within a <A href="/wiki/Role-playing_game" title="Role-playing game">role-playing</A> or <A href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</A>, that indicates its state in combat.<SUP id="cite_ref-Basics_1-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Basics-1">[1]</A></SUP> Health is usually measured in <B>hit points</B> or <B>health points</B>, shortened to <B>HP</B>. When the HP of a <A href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">player character</A> reaches zero, the player may lose a <A href="/wiki/Life_(gaming)" title="Life (gaming)">life</A> or their character might become incapacitated or die. When the HP of an <A href="/wiki/Mob_(gaming)" title="Mob (gaming)">enemy</A> reaches zero, it may be defeated or die and the player is usually rewarded in some way.</P>
<P>Any entity within a game could have a health value, including the player character, <A href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">non-player characters</A> and objects. Indestructible entities have no diminishable health value.</P>
<P>Health might be displayed as a numeric value, such as "50/100". Here, the first number indicates the current amount of HP an entity has and the second number indicates the entity's maximum HP. In video games, health can also be displayed graphically, such as with a bar that empties itself when an entity loses health (a <B>health bar</B>, typically red), icons that are "chipped away", or in more novel ways.<SUP id="cite_ref-creative_2_2-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-creative_2-2">[2]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-Level_Up!_3-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Level_Up!-3">[3]</A></SUP></P>
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<H2>Contents</H2>
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<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#History"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">History</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><A href="#Usage"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Usage</SPAN></A>
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<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><A href="#Regeneration"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Regeneration</SPAN></A></LI>
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<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="History">History</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Health_(gaming)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P><I><A href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</A></I> co-creator <A href="/wiki/Dave_Arneson" title="Dave Arneson">Dave Arneson</A> described the origin of hit points in a 2002 interview. When Arneson was adapting the <A href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</A> <A href="/wiki/Miniature_wargaming" title="Miniature wargaming">wargame</A> <I><A href="/wiki/Chainmail_(game)" title="Chainmail (game)">Chainmail</A></I> (1971) to a fantasy setting, a process that with <A href="/wiki/Gary_Gygax" title="Gary Gygax">Gary Gygax</A> would lead to <I>Dungeons & Dragons</I>, he saw that the emphasis of the gameplay was moving from large armies to small groups of heroes and eventually to the identification of one player and one character that is essential to role-playing as it was originally conceived. Players became attached to their heroes and did not want them to die every time they lost a <A href="/wiki/Game_mechanics#Dice" title="Game mechanics">die roll</A>. Players were thus given multiple hit points which were incrementally decreased as they took damage. Arneson took the concept, along with <A href="/wiki/Armor_class" title="Armor class">armor class</A>, from a set of a naval American Civil War game's rules.<SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP></P>
<P>US Navy used similar concept in their tactical war games already in 1920s and 1930s. In their simulation each ship had Life parameter. The unit of Life of the ship was a number of “equivalent penetrative 14-inch shell hits”. The Navy considered ie. that <A href="/wiki/Kong%C5%8D-class_battlecruiser" title="Kongō-class battlecruiser">Kongō-class battlecruiser</A> had 12 Life points and <A href="/wiki/Nagato-class_battleship" title="Nagato-class battleship">Nagato-class battleship</A> had 18.8.<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP></P>
<P>A visual power meter representing stamina was used in <A href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</A>'s 1983 <A href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade game</A> <I><A href="/wiki/Punch-Out!!_(arcade_game)" title="Punch-Out!! (arcade game)">Punch-Out!!</A></I><SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP> and <A href="/wiki/Data_East" title="Data East">Data East</A>'s 1981 <A href="/wiki/DECO_Cassette_System" title="DECO Cassette System">DECO Cassette System</A> arcade game <I><A href="/w/index.php?title=Flash_Boy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flash Boy (page does not exist)">Flash Boy</A></I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Usage">Usage</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Health_(gaming)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>In action video games as well as in role-playing games, health points can usually be depleted by attacking the entity. A <B>defense</B> attribute might reduce the amount of HP that is lost when a character is damaged. It is common in role-playing games for a character's maximum health and defense attributes to be gradually raised as the character <A href="/wiki/Level_(role-playing_games)" class="mw-redirect" title="Level (role-playing games)">levels up</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-8">[8]</A></SUP><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources"><SPAN title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (September 2016)">unreliable source?</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP> In <A href="/wiki/Game_design" title="Game design">game design</A>, it is deemed important that a player is aware of it when they are losing health, each hit playing a clear sound effect. Author Scott Rogers states that "health should deplete in an obvious manner, because with every hit, a player is closer to losing their life."<SUP id="cite_ref-Level_Up!_3-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Level_Up!-3">[3]</A></SUP> The display of health also helps to dramatize the near-loss of a life.<SUP id="cite_ref-Workshop_9-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Workshop-9">[9]</A></SUP></P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Regeneration">Regeneration</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Health_(gaming)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Regeneration">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P>Player characters can often restore their health points by consuming certain <A href="/wiki/Item_(gaming)" title="Item (gaming)">items</A>, such as health potions, food or first-aid kits.<SUP id="cite_ref-Basics_1-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Basics-1">[1]</A></SUP> Staying a night at an <A href="/wiki/Inn" title="Inn">inn</A> fully restores a character's health in many role-playing video games.<SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP> In general, the different methods of regenerating health has its uses in a particular genre. In <A href="/wiki/Action_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Action games">action games</A>, this method is very quick, whereas <A href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">role-playing games</A> feature slower paced methods to match the gameplay and realism.<SUP id="cite_ref-Workshop_9-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Workshop-9">[9]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Some video games feature automatically regenerating health, where lost health points are regained over time. This can be useful to not "cripple" the player, making them still able to continue even after losing lots of health. However, automatically regenerating health may also cause a player to "power through" sections they might otherwise have had to approach cautiously, simply because there are no lasting consequences to losing a large amount of health.<SUP id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-11">[11]</A></SUP></P>
<P>This mechanic initially appeared in <A href="/wiki/Action_role-playing_game" title="Action role-playing game">action role-playing games</A>, with early examples including the <I><A href="/wiki/Hydlide" title="Hydlide">Hydlide</A></I> series, the <A href="/wiki/Ys_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Ys series"><I>Ys</I> series</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-gamesradar_history_12-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-gamesradar_history-12">[12]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-13">[13]</A></SUP> and <I><A href="/wiki/Woody_Poco" title="Woody Poco">Woody Poco</A></I>.<SUP id="cite_ref-untold_14-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-untold-14">[14]</A></SUP> In <I>Woody Poco</I>, the rate at which health recharges is based on food level.<SUP id="cite_ref-untold_14-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-untold-14">[14]</A></SUP> In <I>Hydlide</I> and <I>Ys</I>, the player character has to stand still for their health to automatically regenerate.<SUP id="cite_ref-gtm_falcom_15-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-gtm_falcom-15">[15]</A></SUP> This system was popularized in <A href="/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">first-person shooters</A> by <I><A href="/wiki/Halo:_Combat_Evolved" title="Halo: Combat Evolved">Halo: Combat Evolved</A></I> (2001),<SUP id="cite_ref-Level_Up!_3-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Level_Up!-3">[3]</A></SUP> though regenerating health in <I><A href="/wiki/The_Getaway_(video_game)" title="The Getaway (video game)">The Getaway</A></I> (2002) has been cited to be more comparable to later use of the mechanic in first-person shooters.<SUP id="cite_ref-gamesradar_history_12-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-gamesradar_history-12">[12]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Display">Display</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Health_(gaming)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Display">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:149px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Lifebar-hearts.png" class="image"><IMG alt="Eleven pixelated hearts are displayed, seven and a half of which are filled" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Lifebar-hearts.png" width="147" height="45" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="147" data-file-height="45" /></A>
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Heart-shaped icons can indicate the amount of health a player has left.</DIV>
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<P>The way health is displayed on the screen has an effect on the player. Many games only show the health of the player character, while keeping the health of enemies hidden. This is done in the <A href="/wiki/Legend_of_Zelda" class="mw-redirect" title="Legend of Zelda"><I>Legend of Zelda</I> series</A>, <A href="/wiki/Minecraft" title="Minecraft">Minecraft</A> and <A href="/wiki/Monster_Hunter_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monster Hunter (series)"><I>Monster Hunter</I> series</A> to keep the player's progress in defeating their enemy unclear and therefore exciting. In these games, the fact that the enemies are being damaged is indicated by their behavior.<SUP id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-16">[16]</A></SUP> On the other hand, many <A href="/wiki/Fighting_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Fighting games">fighting games</A>, such as the <I><A href="/wiki/Street_Fighter" title="Street Fighter">Street Fighter</A></I> series, use easy-to-read health bars to clearly indicate the progress the player is making with each hit.<SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[17]</A></SUP></P>
<P>It is common in <A href="/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">first-person shooters</A> to indicate low health of the player character by blood spatters or by a distorted red hue on the screen, attempting to mimic the effects of wounding and trauma. These visual effects fade as health regenerates.<SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Health_(gaming)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-Basics-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Basics_1-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Basics_1-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Moore, Michael (2011-03-23). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E9JG6JjPU-sC&dq=health+potion+game&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><I>Basics of Game Design</I></A>. CRC Press. pp. 151, 194. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1439867763" title="Special:BookSources/1439867763">1439867763</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-12-09</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basics+of+Game+Design&rft.pages=151%2C+194&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2011-03-23&rft.isbn=1439867763&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE9JG6JjPU-sC%26dq%3Dhealth%2Bpotion%2Bgame%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-creative_2-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-creative_2_2-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Chris Antista. <CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141228123542/http://www.gamesradar.com/the-10-most-creative-life-bars/?page=2">"The 10 most creative life bars"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/GamesRadar" class="mw-redirect" title="GamesRadar">GamesRadar</A></I>. 2010-08-17. p. 2. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesradar.com/the-10-most-creative-life-bars/?page=2">the original</A> on 2014-12-28.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+10+most+creative+life+bars.&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=%27%27GamesRadar%27%27&rft.date=2010-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesradar.com%2Fthe-10-most-creative-life-bars%2F%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Level_Up!-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Level_Up!_3-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Level_Up!_3-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Level_Up!_3-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Rogers, Scott (2010-09-29). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8w_ETFmHrewC&dq=health+bar+gaming&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><I>Level Up!: The Guide to Great Video Game Design</I></A>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 276–277. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0470970928" title="Special:BookSources/0470970928">0470970928</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-11-21</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Level+Up%21%3A+The+Guide+to+Great+Video+Game+Design&rft.pages=276-277&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010-09-29&rft.isbn=0470970928&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8w_ETFmHrewC%26dq%3Dhealth%2Bbar%2Bgaming%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Allen Rausch (2004-08-19). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pc.gamespy.com/articles/540/540395p1.html">"Dave Arneson Interview"</A>. <A href="/wiki/GameSpy" title="GameSpy">GameSpy</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-01-09</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dave+Arneson+Interview.&rft.pub=GameSpy&rft.date=2004-08-19&rft.au=Allen+Rausch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpc.gamespy.com%2Farticles%2F540%2F540395p1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">American Calculations of Battleline Strength, 1941-2, Alan D. Zimm, The Northern Mariner/le marin du nord, XIX No. 3, (July 2009), 291-317</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solvalou.com/subpage/arcade_reviews/190/544/punch-out!!_review.html">"Glass Joe Boxes Clever"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/Computer_and_Video_Games" title="Computer and Video Games">Computer+Video Games</A></I>. <A href="/wiki/Future_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Future Publishing">Future Publishing</A>: 47. August 1984<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-01-02</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer%2BVideo+Games&rft.atitle=Glass+Joe+Boxes+Clever&rft.pages=47&rft.date=1984-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solvalou.com%2Fsubpage%2Farcade_reviews%2F190%2F544%2Fpunch-out%21%21_review.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">John Szczepaniak, <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinephanos.ca/2015/history-of-japanese-video-games/">History of Japanese Video Games</A>, <I>Kinephanos</I>, ISSN 1916-985X</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-8"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Nickogibson (2012-09-12). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slideshare.net/Nickogibson/what-is-an-rpg-intro-to-rpg-games">"What is an RPG - Intro to RPG Games"</A>. Slideshare<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-01-09</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+an+RPG+-+Intro+to+RPG+Games&rft.pub=Slideshare&rft.date=2012-09-12&rft.au=Nickogibson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2FNickogibson%2Fwhat-is-an-rpg-intro-to-rpg-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Workshop-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Workshop_9-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Workshop_9-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Fullerton, Tracy (2008-02-08). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.nl/books?id=OjIYWtqWxtAC&dq=lives+game+design&hl=nl&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><I>Game Design Workshop: A Playcentric Approach to Creating Innovative Games</I></A>. CRC Press. pp. 72, 73. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0240809742" title="Special:BookSources/0240809742">0240809742</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-12-19</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Game+Design+Workshop%3A+A+Playcentric+Approach+to+Creating+Innovative+Games&rft.pages=72%2C+73&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2008-02-08&rft.isbn=0240809742&rft.aulast=Fullerton&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.nl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOjIYWtqWxtAC%26dq%3Dlives%2Bgame%2Bdesign%26hl%3Dnl%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Duggan, Michael (2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rcULAAAAQBAJ&dq=inn+rpg&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><I>RPG Maker for Teens</I></A>. Cengage Learning. pp. 109, 141. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1435459679" title="Special:BookSources/1435459679">1435459679</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-12-09</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RPG+Maker+for+Teens&rft.pages=109%2C+141&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=1435459679&rft.aulast=Duggan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrcULAAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dinn%2Brpg%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-11"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Jonathan Moriarty (2010-12-02). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120428232851/http://www.baltimoregamer.com/posts/video-game-basics-the-health-bar">"Video Game Basics: The Health Bar"</A>. Baltimoregamer.com. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltimoregamer.com/posts/video-game-basics-the-health-bar">the original</A> on 28 April 2012<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-11-21</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Video+Game+Basics%3A+The+Health+Bar&rft.pub=Baltimoregamer.com&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.au=Jonathan+Moriarty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoregamer.com%2Fposts%2Fvideo-game-basics-the-health-bar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-gamesradar_history-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-gamesradar_history_12-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-gamesradar_history_12-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Dunn, Jeff (2012-11-15). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesradar.com/stop-drop-and-heal-history-regenerating-health/">"Stop, Drop, and Heal: The history of regenerating health"</A>. <I>GamesRadar</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-01-08</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stop%2C+Drop%2C+and+Heal%3A+The+history+of+regenerating+health&rft.pub=%27%27GamesRadar%27%27&rft.date=2012-11-15&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesradar.com%2Fstop-drop-and-heal-history-regenerating-health%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-13"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Sulliven, Lucas. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesradar.com/top-7-games-you-didnt-know-did-it-first/">"Top 7… Games you didn't know did it first"</A>. <I>GamesRadar</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2015-01-08</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+7%E2%80%A6+Games+you+didn%27t+know+did+it+first&rft.pub=%27%27GamesRadar%27%27&rft.aulast=Sulliven&rft.aufirst=Lucas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesradar.com%2Ftop-7-games-you-didnt-know-did-it-first%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-untold-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-untold_14-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-untold_14-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">John Szczepaniak (2016). "dB-SOFT Gaming 101". <I>The Untold History of Japanese Game Developers</I>. <B>2</B>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=dB-SOFT+Gaming+101&rft.btitle=The+Untold+History+of+Japanese+Game+Developers&rft.date=2016&rft.au=John+Szczepaniak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-gtm_falcom-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-gtm_falcom_15-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation journal">Szczepaniak, John (7 July 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i.imgur.com/2zxSNb2.jpg">"Falcom: Legacy of Ys"</A>. <I><A href="/wiki/GamesTM" title="GamesTM">Games<SUP>TM</SUP></A></I> (111): 152–159 [153].</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Games%3Csup%3ETM%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.atitle=Falcom%3A+Legacy+of+Ys&rft.issue=111&rft.pages=152-159+153&rft.date=2011-07-07&rft.aulast=Szczepaniak&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fi.imgur.com%2F2zxSNb2.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN>(<A href="/wiki/Cf." title="Cf.">cf.</A> <CITE class="citation web">Szczepaniak, John (July 8, 2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.hardcoregaming101.net/2011/07/history-of-ys-interviews-by-john.html">"History of Ys interviews"</A>. <I>Hardcore Gaming 101</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">6 September</SPAN> 2011</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hardcore+Gaming+101&rft.atitle=History+of+Ys+interviews&rft.date=2011-07-08&rft.aulast=Szczepaniak&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.hardcoregaming101.net%2F2011%2F07%2Fhistory-of-ys-interviews-by-john.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN>)</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-16"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Jon Martindale (2012-10-03). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150528024316/http://games.kitguru.net/featured/jon-martindale/lets-kill-off-health-bars/">"Let's Kill off Health Bars"</A>. Kit Guru Gaming. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://games.kitguru.net/featured/jon-martindale/lets-kill-off-health-bars/">the original</A> on May 28, 2015<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-11-21</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Let%27s+Kill+off+Health+Bars&rft.pub=Kit+Guru+Gaming&rft.date=2012-10-03&rft.au=Jon+Martindale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgames.kitguru.net%2Ffeatured%2Fjon-martindale%2Flets-kill-off-health-bars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Novak, Jeannie (2013-04-11). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HaP1LUYyvT4C&dq=health+bar+street+fighter&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><I>The Official GameSalad Guide to Game Development</I></A>. Cengage Learning. p. 31. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1133605648" title="Special:BookSources/1133605648">1133605648</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-11-21</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+GameSalad+Guide+to+Game+Development&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2013-04-11&rft.isbn=1133605648&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=Jeannie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHaP1LUYyvT4C%26dq%3Dhealth%2Bbar%2Bstreet%2Bfighter%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">Voorhees, Gerald A.; Call, Joshua; Whitlock, Katie (2012-11-02). "Disposable Bodies:Cyborg Regeneration and FPS Mechanics". <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AIh1Tir2gyYC&dq=first+person+shooter+health+system&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><I>Guns, Grenades, and Grunts: First-Person Shooter Games (Google eBook)</I></A>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1441191445" title="Special:BookSources/1441191445">1441191445</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2014-11-21</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Disposable+Bodies%3ACyborg+Regeneration+and+FPS+Mechanics&rft.btitle=Guns%2C+Grenades%2C+and+Grunts%3A+First-Person+Shooter+Games+%28Google+eBook%29&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2012-11-02&rft.isbn=1441191445&rft.aulast=Voorhees&rft.aufirst=Gerald+A.&rft.au=Call%2C+Joshua&rft.au=Whitlock%2C+Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAIh1Tir2gyYC%26dq%3Dfirst%2Bperson%2Bshooter%2Bhealth%2Bsystem%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+%28gaming%29" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
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document_title: Health (gaming)

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