document_html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<HTML class="client-js ve-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"><HEAD>

<TITLE>Bed - Wikipedia</TITLE>

<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.sectionAnchor%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cskins.vector.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector" />

<STYLE>
.referencetooltip{position:absolute;list-style:none;list-style-image:none;opacity:0;font-size:10px;margin:0;z-index:5;padding:0}.referencetooltip li{border:#080086 2px solid;max-width:260px;padding:10px 8px 13px 8px;margin:0px;background-color:#F7F7F7;-webkit-box-shadow:2px 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);-moz-box-shadow:2px 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow:2px 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.3)}.referencetooltip li+li{margin-left:7px;margin-top:-2px;border:0;padding:0;height:3px;width:0px;background-color:transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;border-top:12px #080086 solid;border-right:7px transparent solid;border-left:7px transparent solid}.referencetooltip>li+li::after{content:'';border-top:8px #F7F7F7 solid;border-right:5px transparent solid;border-left:5px transparent solid;margin-top:-12px;margin-left:-5px;z-index:1;height:0px;width:0px;display:block}.client-js body .referencetooltip li li{border:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;height:auto;width:auto;margin:auto;padding:0;position:static}.RTflipped{padding-top:13px}.referencetooltip.RTflipped li+li{position:absolute;top:2px;border-top:0;border-bottom:12px #080086 solid}.referencetooltip.RTflipped li+li::after{border-top:0;border-bottom:8px #F7F7F7 solid;position:absolute;margin-top:7px}.RTsettings{float:right;height:24px;width:24px;cursor:pointer;background-image:url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_advanced.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_advanced.svg.png);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_advanced.svg);margin-top:-9px;margin-right:-7px;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.15s;-moz-transition:opacity 0.15s;-ms-transition:opacity 0.15s;-o-transition:opacity 0.15s;transition:opacity 0.15s;opacity:0.6;filter:alpha(opacity=60)}.RTsettings:hover{opacity:1;filter:alpha(opacity=100)}.RTTarget{border:#080086 2px solid}
.wp-teahouse-question-form{position:absolute;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;background-color:#f4f3f0;border:1px solid #a7d7f9;padding:1em}#wp-th-question-ask{float:right}.wp-teahouse-ask a.external{background-image:none !important}.wp-teahouse-respond-form{position:absolute;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;background-color:#f4f3f0;border:1px solid #a7d7f9;padding:1em}.wp-th-respond{float:right}.wp-teahouse-respond a.external{background-image:none !important}
.cite-accessibility-label{ top:-99999px;clip:rect( 1px 1px 1px 1px ); clip:rect( 1px,1px,1px,1px ); position:absolute !important;padding:0 !important;border:0 !important;height:1px !important;width:1px !important; overflow:hidden}
.mw-ui-icon-popups-settings:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=ext.popups.images&image=popups-settings&format=rasterized&lang=en&skin=vector&version=15zfexn);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 24 24%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2354595d%22 d=%22M20 14.5v-2.9l-1.8-.3c-.1-.4-.3-.8-.6-1.4l1.1-1.5-2.1-2.1-1.5 1.1c-.5-.3-1-.5-1.4-.6L13.5 5h-2.9l-.3 1.8c-.5.1-.9.3-1.4.6L7.4 6.3 5.3 8.4l1 1.5c-.3.5-.4.9-.6 1.4l-1.7.2v2.9l1.8.3c.1.5.3.9.6 1.4l-1 1.5 2.1 2.1 1.5-1c.4.2.9.4 1.4.6l.3 1.8h3l.3-1.8c.5-.1.9-.3 1.4-.6l1.5 1.1 2.1-2.1-1.1-1.5c.3-.5.5-1 .6-1.4l1.5-.3zM12 16c-1.7 0-3-1.3-3-3s1.3-3 3-3 3 1.3 3 3-1.3 3-3 3z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E")}.mw-ui-icon-popups-close:before{background-image:url(/w/load.php?modules=ext.popups.images&image=popups-close&format=rasterized&lang=en&skin=vector&version=15zfexn);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2220%22 height=%2220%22 viewBox=%220 0 20 20%22%3E %3Cpath d=%22M3.636 2.222l14.142 14.142-1.414 1.414L2.222 3.636z%22/%3E %3Cpath d=%22M17.778 3.636L3.636 17.778l-1.414-1.414L16.364 2.222z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E")}
.suggestions{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:0;border:0;z-index:1099;padding:0;margin:-1px 0 0 0}.suggestions-special{position:relative;background-color:#fff;cursor:pointer;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;margin-top:-2px;display:none;padding:0.25em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em}.suggestions-results{background-color:#fff;cursor:pointer;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0;margin:0}.suggestions-result{color:#000;margin:0;line-height:1.5em;padding:0.01em 0.25em;text-align:left; overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.suggestions-result-current{background-color:#2a4b8d;color:#fff}.suggestions-special .special-label{color:#72777d;text-align:left}.suggestions-special .special-query{color:#000;font-style:italic;text-align:left}.suggestions-special .special-hover{background-color:#c8ccd1}.suggestions-result-current .special-label,.suggestions-result-current .special-query{color:#fff}.highlight{font-weight:bold}
@media screen {
	.tochidden,.toctoggle{-moz-user-select:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.toctoggle{font-size:94%}}
@media print {
	#toc.tochidden,.toc.tochidden,.toctoggle{display:none}}
.uls-menu{border-radius:2px; font-size:medium}.uls-search,.uls-language-settings-close-block{border-top-right-radius:2px;border-top-left-radius:2px}.uls-language-list{border-bottom-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px}.uls-menu.callout:before,.uls-menu.callout:after{border-top:10px solid transparent;border-bottom:10px solid transparent;display:inline-block; top:17px;position:absolute;content:''}.uls-menu.callout.selector-right:before{ border-left:10px solid #c8ccd1; right:-11px}.uls-menu.callout.selector-right:after{ border-left:10px solid #f8f9fa; right:-10px}.uls-menu.callout.selector-left:before{ border-right:10px solid #c8ccd1; left:-11px}.uls-menu.callout.selector-left:after{ border-right:10px solid #f8f9fa; left:-10px}.uls-ui-languages button{margin:5px 15px 5px 0;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden}.uls-search-wrapper-wrapper{position:relative;padding-left:40px;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px}.uls-icon-back{background:transparent url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/back-grey-ltr.png?90e9b) no-repeat scroll center center;background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(/w/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/images/back-grey-ltr.svg?e226b);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2224%22 height=%2224%22 viewBox=%220 0 24 24%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2354595d%22 d=%22M7 13.1l8.9 8.9c.8-.8.8-2 0-2.8l-6.1-6.1 6-6.1c.8-.8.8-2 0-2.8L7 13.1z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E");background-size:28px;background-position:center center;height:32px;width:40px;display:block;position:absolute;left:0;border-right:1px solid #c8ccd1;opacity:0.8}.uls-icon-back:hover{opacity:1;cursor:pointer}  .skin-vector .uls-menu{border-color:#c8ccd1;-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);font-size:0.875em}.skin-vector .uls-search{border-bottom-color:#c8ccd1}.skin-vector .uls-filtersuggestion{color:#72777d}.skin-vector .uls-lcd-region-title{color:#54595d}
.mw-editfont-monospace{font-family:monospace,monospace}.mw-editfont-sans-serif{font-family:sans-serif}.mw-editfont-serif{font-family:serif} .mw-editfont-monospace,.mw-editfont-sans-serif,.mw-editfont-serif{font-size:13px}
@-webkit-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY( -20px )}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateY( 0 )}}@-moz-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-moz-transform:translateY( -20px )}100%{opacity:1;-moz-transform:translateY( 0 )}}@-o-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-o-transform:translateY( -20px )}100%{opacity:1;-o-transform:translateY( 0 )}}@keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY( -20px )}100%{opacity:1;transform:translateY( 0 )}}.centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-moz-animation-duration:1s;-o-animation-duration:1s;animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:both;-moz-animation-fill-mode:both;-o-animation-fill-mode:both;animation-fill-mode:both;-webkit-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;-moz-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;-o-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation}
@media print{#centralNotice{display:none}}.cn-closeButton{display:inline-block;zoom:1;background:url(data:image/png;base64,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);background:url(/w/extensions/CentralNotice/resources/subscribing/CloseWindow19x19.png?7596b)!ie;width:19px;height:19px;text-indent:19px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden}
.mw-ui-button{font-family:inherit;font-size:1em;display:inline-block;min-width:4em;max-width:28.75em;padding:0.546875em 1em;line-height:1.286;margin:0;border-radius:2px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-appearance:none;*display:inline; zoom:1;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:#222222;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer}.mw-ui-button:visited{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button:hover{background-color:#ffffff;color:#444444;border-color:#a2a9b1}.mw-ui-button:focus{background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;border-color:#3366cc;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #3366cc,inset 0 0 0 2px #ffffff}.mw-ui-button:active,.mw-ui-button.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#d9d9d9;color:#000000;border-color:#72777d;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button:disabled:active{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;box-shadow:none;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button:focus{outline-width:0}.mw-ui-button:focus::-moz-focus-inner{border-color:transparent;padding:0}.mw-ui-button:not( :disabled ){-webkit-transition:background-color 100ms,color 100ms,border-color 100ms,box-shadow 100ms;-moz-transition:background-color 100ms,color 100ms,border-color 100ms,box-shadow 100ms;transition:background-color 100ms,color 100ms,border-color 100ms,box-shadow 100ms}.mw-ui-button:disabled{text-shadow:none;cursor:default}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-big{font-size:1.3em}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-block{display:block;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive{background-color:#3366cc;color:#fff;border:1px solid #3366cc}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:hover{background-color:#447ff5;border-color:#447ff5}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:focus{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #3366cc,inset 0 0 0 2px #ffffff}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#2a4b8d;border-color:#2a4b8d;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive:disabled.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#447ff5}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#2a4b8d}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#3366cc}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-progressive.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive{background-color:#dd3333;color:#fff;border:1px solid #dd3333}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:hover{background-color:#ff4242;border-color:#ff4242}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:focus{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #dd3333,inset 0 0 0 2px #ffffff}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.is-on,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#b32424;border-color:#b32424;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive:disabled.mw-ui-checked{background-color:#c8ccd1;color:#fff;border-color:#c8ccd1;box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet{color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#ff4242}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#b32424}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#dd3333}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-destructive.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet{background:transparent;border:0;text-shadow:none;color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#444444}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet.mw-ui-checked{color:#000000}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#222222}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{color:#c8ccd1}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:hover,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:focus{box-shadow:none}.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:active,.mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet:disabled{background:transparent}input.mw-ui-button::-moz-focus-inner,button.mw-ui-button::-moz-focus-inner{margin-top:-1px;margin-bottom:-1px}a.mw-ui-button{text-decoration:none}a.mw-ui-button:hover,a.mw-ui-button:focus{text-decoration:none}.mw-ui-button-group > *{min-width:48px;border-radius:0;float:left}.mw-ui-button-group > *:first-child{border-top-left-radius:2px;border-bottom-left-radius:2px}.mw-ui-button-group > *:not( :first-child ){border-left:0}.mw-ui-button-group > *:last-child{border-top-right-radius:2px;border-bottom-right-radius:2px}.mw-ui-button-group .is-on .button{cursor:default}
.mw-ui-icon{position:relative;line-height:1.5em;min-height:1.5em;min-width:1.5em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element{text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden;width:3.5em;min-width:3.5em;max-width:3.5em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element:before{left:0;right:0;position:absolute;margin:0 1em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element.mw-ui-icon-large{width:4.625em;min-width:4.625em;max-width:4.625em;line-height:4.625em;min-height:4.625em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element.mw-ui-icon-large:before{min-height:4.625em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-before:before,.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-element:before{background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:100% auto;float:left;display:block;min-height:1.5em;content:''}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-before:before{position:relative;width:1.5em;margin-right:1em}.mw-ui-icon.mw-ui-icon-small:before{background-size:66.67% auto}</STYLE><STYLE>
.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:hover,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:active,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:focus{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:hover,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:active,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:focus{color:#fff}.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link .special-query{ overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}
#uls-settings-block{background-color:#f8f9fa;border-top:1px solid #c8ccd1;padding-left:10px;line-height:1.2em;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px}#uls-settings-block div.display-settings-block,#uls-settings-block div.input-settings-block{display:inline-block;margin:8px 15px;color:#54595d}#uls-settings-block div.display-settings-block:hover,#uls-settings-block div.input-settings-block:hover{color:#222}
.ve-init-mw-tempWikitextEditorWidget{border:0;padding:0;color:inherit;line-height:1.5em; }.ve-init-mw-tempWikitextEditorWidget:focus{outline:0;padding:0}.ve-init-mw-tempWikitextEditorWidget::selection{background:rgba(109,169,247,0.5); }
.mw-mmv-overlay{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:1000;background-color:#000}body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open{overflow-y:auto;  }body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #mw-page-base,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #mw-head-base,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #mw-navigation,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #content,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #footer,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open #globalWrapper{ display:none}body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open > *{ display:none}body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open > .mw-mmv-overlay,body.mw-mmv-lightbox-open > .mw-mmv-wrapper{display:block}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons{margin-top:5px}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-expanded,.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-config{display:block;line-height:inherit}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-expanded.mw-ui-icon:before{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 1024 768%22%3E %3Cg fill=%22%2372777d%22%3E %3Cpath d=%22M851.2 71.6L690.7 232.1l-40.1-40.3-9.6 164.8 164.8-9.3-40.3-40.4L926 146.4l58.5 58.5L997.6 0 792.7 13.1%22/%3E %3Cpath d=%22M769.6 89.3H611.9l70.9 70.8 7.9 7.5m-47.1 234.6l-51.2 3 3-51.2 9.4-164.4 5.8-100.3H26.4V768h883.1V387l-100.9 5.8-165 9.4zM813.9 678H113.6l207.2-270.2 31.5-12.9L548 599.8l105.9-63.2 159.8 140.8.2.6zm95.6-291.9V228l-79.1 78.9 7.8 7.9%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3C/svg%3E")}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-config.mw-ui-icon:before{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 viewBox=%220 0 1024 768%22%3E %3Cpath d=%22M897 454.6V313.4L810.4 299c-6.4-23.3-16-45.7-27.3-65.8l50.5-71.4-99.4-100.2-71.4 50.5c-20.9-11.2-42.5-20.9-65.8-27.3L582.6-1H441.4L427 85.6c-23.3 6.4-45.7 16-65.8 27.3l-71.4-50.5-100.3 99.5 50.5 71.4c-11.2 20.9-20.9 42.5-27.3 66.6L127 313.4v141.2l85.8 14.4c6.4 23.3 16 45.7 27.3 66.6L189.6 607l99.5 99.5 71.4-50.5c20.9 11.2 42.5 20.9 66.6 27.3l14.4 85.8h141.2l14.4-86.6c23.3-6.4 45.7-16 65.8-27.3l71.4 50.5 99.5-99.5-50.5-71.4c11.2-20.9 20.9-42.5 27.3-66.6l86.4-13.6zm-385 77c-81.8 0-147.6-66.6-147.6-147.6 0-81.8 66.6-147.6 147.6-147.6S659.6 302.2 659.6 384 593.8 531.6 512 531.6z%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E");opacity:0.75}.mw-mmv-filepage-buttons .mw-mmv-view-config.mw-ui-icon:before:hover{opacity:1}
#mwe-popups-svg{position:absolute;top:-1000px}.mwe-popups-settings-icon{border-radius:2px;font-size:16px; margin-right:-0.75em}.mwe-popups-settings-icon:hover{background-color:#eaecf0}.mwe-popups-settings-icon:active{background-color:#c8ccd1}.mwe-popups-sade-face-icon{display:block;width:37px;height:27px;margin:16px 16px 0;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(/w/extensions/Popups/resources/ext.popups/images/sad-face.png?3984d);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2237%22 height=%2227%22 viewBox=%220 0 37 27%22%3E %3Ctitle%3Esad face%3C/title%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23c8ccd1%22 fill-rule=%22evenodd%22 d=%22M5.475.7v20.075L0 26.25h31.025c3.102 0 5.475-2.372 5.475-5.475V.7H5.475zm20.44 4.562c1.277 0 2.19 1.095 2.19 2.19 0 1.096-.913 2.373-2.19 2.373-1.278 0-2.19-1.095-2.19-2.19s1.095-2.373 2.19-2.373zm-9.855 0c1.277 0 2.19 1.095 2.19 2.19 0 1.096-1.095 2.373-2.19 2.373s-2.19-1.095-2.19-2.19.913-2.373 2.19-2.373zm4.928 8.213c-7.153 0-8.415 7.012-8.415 7.012s2.805-1.403 8.415-1.403c5.61 0 8.414 1.403 8.414 1.403S28 13.475 20.988 13.475z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E")}.mwe-popups{background:#fff;position:absolute;z-index:110;-webkit-box-shadow:0 30px 90px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0 0 1px #a2a9b1;box-shadow:0 30px 90px -20px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0 0 1px #a2a9b1;padding:0;display:none;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;min-width:300px;border-radius:2px; }.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-container{color:#222222;margin-top:-9px;padding-top:9px;text-decoration:none}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-container footer{padding:16px;margin:0;font-size:10px;position:absolute;bottom:0; left:0}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-container footer .mwe-popups-settings-icon{float:right}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract{margin:16px;display:block;color:#222222;text-decoration:none;position:relative;   }.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract:hover{text-decoration:none}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract:after{content:' ';position:absolute;bottom:0;width:25%;height:20px;background-color:transparent}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract[dir='ltr']:after{ right:0; background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:-o-linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%)}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract[dir='rtl']:after{ left:0; background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:-o-linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%); background-image:linear-gradient(to left,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff 50%)}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract p{margin:0}.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract ul,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract ol,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract li,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract dl,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract dd,.mwe-popups .mwe-popups-extract dt{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.mwe-popups svg{overflow:hidden}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-tall{width:450px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-tall > div > a > svg{vertical-align:middle}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-tall .mwe-popups-extract{width:215px;height:180px;overflow:hidden; float:left}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-tall footer{width:215px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-not-tall{width:320px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-not-tall .mwe-popups-extract{max-height:140px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:47px;padding-bottom:0}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-not-tall footer{width:290px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-empty .mwe-popups-extract{padding-top:4px;margin-bottom:60px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-empty .mwe-popups-read-link{font-weight:bold;font-size:12px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-is-empty .mwe-popups-extract:hover + footer .mwe-popups-read-link{text-decoration:underline}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-no-image-tri:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:11px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:11px solid #ffffff;top:-7px; left:7px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-no-image-tri:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:8px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:8px solid #a2a9b1;top:-8px; left:10px}.mwe-popups.flipped_x.mwe-popups-no-image-tri:after{ left:auto; right:7px}.mwe-popups.flipped_x.mwe-popups-no-image-tri:before{ left:auto; right:10px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-tri:before{z-index:111;content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:9px solid #a2a9b1;top:-9px; left:9px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-tri:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:12px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:12px solid #ffffff;top:-8px; left:6px;z-index:112}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-tri.flipped_x:before{z-index:111;content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:9px solid #a2a9b1;top:-9px; left:273px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-tri.flipped_x:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:12px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:12px solid #ffffff;top:-8px; left:269px;z-index:112}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-tri .mwe-popups-extract{padding-top:32px;margin-top:190px}.mwe-popups.mwe-popups-image-tri > div > a > svg{margin-top:-8px;position:absolute;z-index:113; left:0}.mwe-popups.flipped_x.mwe-popups-is-tall{min-height:242px}.mwe-popups.flipped_x.mwe-popups-is-tall:before{z-index:111;content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-top:0;border-bottom:9px solid #a2a9b1;top:-9px; left:420px}.mwe-popups.flipped_x.mwe-popups-is-tall > div > a > svg{margin:0;margin-top:-8px;margin-bottom:-7px;position:absolute;z-index:113; right:0}.mwe-popups.flipped_x_y:before{z-index:111;content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:9px solid #a2a9b1;bottom:-9px; left:272px}.mwe-popups.flipped_x_y:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:12px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:12px solid #ffffff;bottom:-8px; left:269px;z-index:112}.mwe-popups.flipped_x_y.mwe-popups-is-tall{min-height:242px}.mwe-popups.flipped_x_y.mwe-popups-is-tall:after{z-index:112;content:'';position:absolute;border:12px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:12px solid #ffffff;bottom:-8px; left:417px}.mwe-popups.flipped_x_y.mwe-popups-is-tall:before{z-index:111;content:'';position:absolute;border:9px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:9px solid #a2a9b1;bottom:-9px; left:420px}.mwe-popups.flipped_x_y.mwe-popups-is-tall > div > a > svg{position:absolute;z-index:113;margin:0;margin-bottom:-9px; right:0}.mwe-popups.flipped_y:after{content:'';position:absolute;border:11px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:11px solid #ffffff;bottom:-7px; left:7px}.mwe-popups.flipped_y:before{content:'';position:absolute;border:8px solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-top:8px solid #a2a9b1;bottom:-8px; left:10px} @-webkit-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-up{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@-moz-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-up{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-up{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@-webkit-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-down{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@-moz-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-down{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-in-down{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}}@-webkit-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-down{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}}@-moz-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-down{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-down{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,20px);transform:translate(0,20px)}}@-webkit-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-up{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}}@-moz-keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-up{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}}@keyframes mwe-popups-fade-out-up{0%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-moz-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-20px);-moz-transform:translate(0,-20px);-ms-transform:translate(0,-20px);transform:translate(0,-20px)}}.mwe-popups-fade-in-up{-webkit-animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-up 0.2s ease forwards;-moz-animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-up 0.2s ease forwards;animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-up 0.2s ease forwards}.mwe-popups-fade-in-down{-webkit-animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-down 0.2s ease forwards;-moz-animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-down 0.2s ease forwards;animation:mwe-popups-fade-in-down 0.2s ease forwards}.mwe-popups-fade-out-down{-webkit-animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-down 0.2s ease forwards;-moz-animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-down 0.2s ease forwards;animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-down 0.2s ease forwards}.mwe-popups-fade-out-up{-webkit-animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-up 0.2s ease forwards;-moz-animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-up 0.2s ease forwards;animation:mwe-popups-fade-out-up 0.2s ease forwards}  #mwe-popups-settings{position:fixed;z-index:1000;background:#fff;width:420px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25);border-radius:2px}#mwe-popups-settings header{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:1px solid #c8ccd1;position:relative;display:table;width:100%;padding:5px 7px 5px 0}#mwe-popups-settings header > div{display:table-cell;width:3.5em;vertical-align:middle;cursor:pointer}#mwe-popups-settings header h1{border:0;width:100%;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}#mwe-popups-settings .mwe-ui-icon-popups-close{opacity:0.87;-webkit-transition:opacity 100ms;-moz-transition:opacity 100ms;transition:opacity 100ms}#mwe-popups-settings .mwe-ui-icon-popups-close:hover{opacity:0.73}#mwe-popups-settings .mwe-ui-icon-popups-close:active{opacity:1}#mwe-popups-settings main{display:block;width:350px;padding:32px 0 24px;margin:0 auto}#mwe-popups-settings main p{color:#54595d;font-size:17px;margin:16px 0 0}#mwe-popups-settings main p:first-child{margin-top:0}#mwe-popups-settings main form img,#mwe-popups-settings main form input,#mwe-popups-settings main form label{vertical-align:top}#mwe-popups-settings main form img{margin-right:60px}#mwe-popups-settings main form input{display:inline-block;margin:0 10px 0 0;padding:0}#mwe-popups-settings main form label{font-size:13px;display:inline-block;line-height:16px;width:300px}#mwe-popups-settings main form label > span{color:#000;font-size:18px;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-bottom:5px;line-height:18px}.mwe-popups-settings-help{background-image:url(/w/extensions/Popups/resources/ext.popups/images/footer-ltr.png?3533c);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%22230%22 height=%22179%22 xmlns:xlink=%22http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%22 viewBox=%220 0 230 179%22%3E %3Cdefs%3E %3Crect id=%22a%22 width=%22201%22 height=%2213%22 rx=%222%22/%3E %3Crect id=%22b%22 width=%22201%22 height=%22169%22 y=%2210%22 rx=%222%22/%3E %3Crect id=%22c%22 width=%2230%22 height=%222%22 x=%22135%22 y=%22158%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3C/defs%3E %3Cg fill=%22none%22 fill-rule=%22evenodd%22%3E %3Cg transform=%22matrix%281 0 0 -1 0 13%29%22%3E %3Cuse fill=%22%23f8f9fa%22 xlink:href=%22%23a%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22199%22 height=%2211%22 x=%221%22 y=%221%22 stroke=%22%23a2a9b1%22 stroke-width=%222%22 rx=%222%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3Cuse fill=%22%23fff%22 xlink:href=%22%23b%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22199%22 height=%22167%22 x=%221%22 y=%2211%22 stroke=%22%23a2a9b1%22 stroke-width=%222%22 rx=%222%22/%3E %3Cg opacity=%22.4%22 transform=%22translate%2867 35%29%22%3E %3Crect width=%2273%22 height=%222%22 y=%227%22 fill=%22%23c8ccd1%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2281%22 height=%222%22 y=%2231%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2232%22 height=%222%22 y=%2285%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2273%22 height=%222%22 x=%2235%22 y=%2285%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2217%22 height=%222%22 y=%2245%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2217%22 height=%222%22 x=%2291%22 y=%2245%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2268%22 height=%222%22 x=%2220%22 y=%2245%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2217%22 height=%222%22 y=%2278%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2237%22 height=%222%22 x=%2272%22 y=%2278%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2249%22 height=%222%22 x=%2220%22 y=%2278%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2224%22 height=%222%22 x=%2284%22 y=%2231%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22 transform=%22matrix%28-1 0 0 1 192 0%29%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2281%22 height=%222%22 y=%2266%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2214%22 height=%222%22 x=%2254%22 y=%2224%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2237%22 height=%222%22 x=%2271%22 y=%2224%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2251%22 height=%222%22 y=%2224%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22108%22 height=%222%22 y=%2259%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22108%22 height=%222%22 y=%2252%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22108%22 height=%222%22 y=%2292%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%22108%22 height=%222%22 y=%2238%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2251%22 height=%222%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3Crect width=%2230%22 height=%222%22 x=%2267%22 y=%22158%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 opacity=%22.4%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2230%22 height=%222%22 x=%2299%22 y=%22158%22 fill=%22%2372777d%22 opacity=%22.4%22 rx=%221%22/%3E %3Cuse fill=%22%2336c%22 xlink:href=%22%23c%22/%3E %3Crect width=%2233%22 height=%225%22 x=%22133.5%22 y=%22156.5%22 stroke=%22%23ffc057%22 stroke-opacity=%22.447%22 stroke-width=%223%22 rx=%222.5%22/%3E %3Ccircle cx=%2234%22 cy=%2249%22 r=%2219%22 fill=%22%23eaecf0%22/%3E %3Cg fill=%22%23a2a9b1%22 transform=%22translate%285 5%29%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%221.5%22 cy=%221.5%22 r=%221.5%22/%3E %3Ccircle cx=%226%22 cy=%221.5%22 r=%221.5%22/%3E %3Ccircle cx=%2210.5%22 cy=%221.5%22 r=%221.5%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3Cpath stroke=%22%23ff00af%22 d=%22M174.5 159.5h54.01%22 stroke-linecap=%22square%22/%3E %3C/g%3E %3C/svg%3E");background-position:top left;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:180px 140px;font-size:13px;font-weight:800;height:140px;margin:40px;position:relative}.mwe-popups-settings-help p{left:180px;bottom:20px;position:absolute}.mwe-popups-overlay{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.9);z-index:999;position:fixed;height:100%;width:100%;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0}#mwe-popups-settings{font-size:0.875em}</STYLE><STYLE>
.ve-activated #toc,.ve-activated #siteNotice,.ve-activated .mw-indicators,.ve-activated #t-print,.ve-activated #t-permalink,.ve-activated #p-coll-print_export,.ve-activated #t-cite,.ve-deactivating .ve-ui-surface,.ve-active .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-editableContent,.ve-active .ve-init-mw-tempWikitextEditorWidget{display:none} .ve-activating .ve-ui-surface{height:0;padding:0 !important; overflow:hidden} .ve-loading #content > :not( .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-loading-overlay ), .ve-activated .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-uneditableContent{ pointer-events:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;opacity:0.5}.ve-activated #catlinks{cursor:pointer}.ve-activated #catlinks a{opacity:1} .ve-activated #content{position:relative} .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-loading-overlay{position:absolute;top:1.25em;left:0;right:0;z-index:1;margin-top:-0.5em}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress{height:1em;overflow:hidden;margin:0 25%}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress-bar{height:1em;width:0}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder{transition:height 250ms ease;height:0; } .oo-ui-element-hidden{display:none !important; } .mw-editsection{white-space:nowrap; unicode-bidi:-moz-isolate;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;unicode-bidi:isolate}.mw-editsection-divider{color:#54595d} .ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress{height:0.75em;border:1px solid #36c;background:#fff;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 0.1em 0 0 rgba( 0,0,0,0.15 )}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-progress-bar{height:0.75em;background:#36c}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbar,.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder{font-size:0.8em; margin:-1.25em -1.25em 1.25em -1.25em; }@media screen and ( min-width:982px ){.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbar,.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder{ margin:-1.5625em -1.875em 1.5265em -1.875em}}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder{border-bottom:1px solid #c8ccd1;box-shadow:0 1px 1px 0 rgba( 0,0,0,0.1 )}.ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-toolbarPlaceholder-open{height:40px}</STYLE><META name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="" />
<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector" />
<LINK rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector" />
<META name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.31.0-wmf.17" />
<META name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin" />
<META property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg/1200px-2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg" />
<LINK rel="alternate" href="android-app://org.wikipedia/http/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed" />
<LINK rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png" />
<LINK rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico" />
<LINK rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)" />
<LINK rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd" />
<LINK rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" />
<LINK rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed" />
<LINK rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org" />
<LINK rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" />
<!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=html5shiv&only=scripts&skin=vector&sync=1"></script><![endif]-->
</HEAD>
<BODY class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Bed rootpage-Bed skin-vector action-view">		<DIV id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></DIV>
		<DIV id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></DIV>
		<DIV id="content" class="mw-body" role="main">
			<A id="top"></A>
			<DIV id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><DIV id="centralNotice"></DIV><!-- CentralNotice --></DIV><DIV class="mw-indicators mw-body-content">
</DIV>
<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Bed</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
				<DIV id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</DIV>				<DIV id="contentSub"><DIV id="mw-fr-revisiontag" class="flaggedrevs_short flaggedrevs_stable_synced plainlinks noprint nomobile"><DIV class="flaggedrevs_short_basic"><IMG class="flaggedrevs-icon" src="/w/extensions/FlaggedRevs/frontend/modules/img/doc-magnify.png" alt="Changes must be reviewed before being displayed on this page." title="Changes must be reviewed before being displayed on this page." /><IMG id="mw-fr-revisiontoggle" class="fr-toggle-arrow" src="/w/extensions/FlaggedRevs/frontend/modules/img/arrow-down.png" style="display: inline;" alt="show/hide details" /></DIV>
<DIV id="mw-fr-revisiondetails-wrapper" style="position:relative;"><DIV id="mw-fr-revisiondetails" class="flaggedrevs_short_details" style="display: none;">This is the <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</A>, <A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Bed">reviewed</A> on <I>10 January 2018</I>.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
								<DIV id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump">
					Jump to:					<A href="#mw-head">navigation</A>, 					<A href="#p-search">search</A>
				</DIV>
				<DIV id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><DIV class="mw-parser-output"><DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <A href="/wiki/Bed_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bed (disambiguation)">Bed (disambiguation)</A>.</DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_(11).jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg/220px-2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg" width="220" height="160" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg/330px-2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg/440px-2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2660" data-file-height="1940" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_(11).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Bedroom on the <A href="/wiki/Detmold_Open-air_Museum" title="Detmold Open-air Museum">Detmold Open-air Museum</A> premises</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>A <B>bed</B> is a piece of <A href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">furniture</A> which is used as a place to <A href="/wiki/Sleep" title="Sleep">sleep</A> or <A href="/wiki/Relaxation_(psychology)" title="Relaxation (psychology)">relax</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP></P>
<P>Most modern beds consist of a soft, cushioned <A href="/wiki/Mattress" title="Mattress">mattress</A> on a <A href="/wiki/Bed_frame" title="Bed frame">bed frame</A>, the mattress resting either on a solid <A href="/wiki/Bed_base" title="Bed base">base</A>, often wood slats, or a sprung base. Many beds include a <A href="/wiki/Box-spring" title="Box-spring">box spring inner-sprung base</A>, which is a large mattress-sized box containing wood and springs that provide additional support and suspension for the mattress. Beds are available in many sizes, ranging from infant-sized <A href="/wiki/Bassinet" title="Bassinet">bassinets</A> and <A href="/wiki/Infant_bed" title="Infant bed">cribs</A>, to small beds for a single person or adult, to large queen and king-size beds designed for two people. While most beds are single mattresses on a fixed frame, there are other varieties, such as the <A href="/wiki/Murphy_bed" title="Murphy bed">murphy bed</A>, which folds into a wall, the <A href="/wiki/Sofa_bed" title="Sofa bed">sofa bed</A>, which folds out of a sofa, and the <A href="/wiki/Bunk_bed" title="Bunk bed">bunk bed</A>, which provides two mattresses on two tiers. Temporary beds include the inflatable <A href="/wiki/Air_mattress" title="Air mattress">air mattress</A> and the folding <A href="/wiki/Camp_cot" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp cot">camp cot</A>. Some beds contain neither a padded mattress nor a bed frame, such as the <A href="/wiki/Hammock" title="Hammock">hammock</A>, which is considered one of the most comfortable places to rest while swaying side to side. Some beds are made especially <A href="/wiki/Animal_furniture" title="Animal furniture">for animals</A>.</P>
<P>Beds may have a <A href="/wiki/Headboard_(furniture)" title="Headboard (furniture)">headboard</A> for resting against, and may have side rails and footboards (or "footers"). "Headboard only" beds may incorporate a "dust ruffle", "bed skirt", or "valance sheet" to hide the bed frame. To support the head, a <A href="/wiki/Pillow" title="Pillow">pillow</A> made of a soft, padded material is usually placed on the top of the mattress. Some form of covering <A href="/wiki/Blanket" title="Blanket">blanket</A> is often used to insulate the sleeper, often <A href="/wiki/Bed_sheet" title="Bed sheet">bed sheets</A>, a <A href="/wiki/Quilt" title="Quilt">quilt</A>, or a <A href="/wiki/Duvet" title="Duvet">duvet</A>, collectively referred to as <A href="/wiki/Bedding" title="Bedding">bedding</A>. Bedding is the removable non-furniture portion of a bed, which enables these components to be washed or aired out.</P>
<P></P>
<DIV id="toc" class="toc">
<DIV class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">
<H2>Contents</H2>
<SPAN class="toctoggle"> [<A role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink">hide</A>] </SPAN></DIV>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><A href="#History"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">History</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><A href="#Ancient_world"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.1</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Ancient world</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><A href="#Medieval_Europe"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Medieval Europe</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><A href="#Renaissance_and_modern_Europe"><SPAN class="tocnumber">1.3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Renaissance and modern Europe</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><A href="#Bed_sizes"><SPAN class="tocnumber">2</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Bed sizes</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><A href="#Notable_examples"><SPAN class="tocnumber">3</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Notable examples</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><A href="#Types"><SPAN class="tocnumber">4</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Types</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><A href="#Frames"><SPAN class="tocnumber">5</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">Frames</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><A href="#See_also"><SPAN class="tocnumber">6</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">See also</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><A href="#References"><SPAN class="tocnumber">7</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">References</SPAN></A></LI>
<LI class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><A href="#External_links"><SPAN class="tocnumber">8</SPAN> <SPAN class="toctext">External links</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<P></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="History">History</SPAN></H2>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Ancient_world">Ancient world</SPAN></H3>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Tutankhamun%27s_bed_(Cairo_Museum).jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tutankhamun%27s_bed_%28Cairo_Museum%29.jpg/220px-Tutankhamun%27s_bed_%28Cairo_Museum%29.jpg" width="220" height="107" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tutankhamun%27s_bed_%28Cairo_Museum%29.jpg/330px-Tutankhamun%27s_bed_%28Cairo_Museum%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tutankhamun%27s_bed_%28Cairo_Museum%29.jpg/440px-Tutankhamun%27s_bed_%28Cairo_Museum%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="485" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Tutankhamun%27s_bed_(Cairo_Museum).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
<A href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</A>'s gilded bed from the 14th century BC</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>Early beds were little more than piles of <A href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">straw</A> or some other natural material (e.g. a heap of palm leaves, animal skins, or dried <A href="/wiki/Bracken" title="Bracken">bracken</A>). An important change was raising them off the ground, to avoid drafts, dirt, and pests. Bedding dated around to 3600 BC was discovered in <A href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</A>, South Africa.<SUP id="cite_ref-Wadley2_3-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Wadley2-3">[3]</A></SUP> The bedding consists of <A href="/wiki/Sedges" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedges">sedge</A> and other <A href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">monocotyledons</A> topped with the leaves of <A href="/wiki/Cryptocarya" title="Cryptocarya">Cryptocarya</A> woodii Engl.<SUP id="cite_ref-Wadley2_3-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Wadley2-3">[3]</A></SUP> Beds found in a preserved northern Scottish village, which were raised boxes made of stone and likely topped with comfortable fillers, were dated to between 3200 BC and 2200 BC.<SUP id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-4">[4]</A></SUP> The <A href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptians</A> had high bedsteads which were ascended by steps, with bolsters or <A href="/wiki/Pillow" title="Pillow">pillows</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Curtain" title="Curtain">curtains</A> to hang around. The elite of Egyptian society such as its pharaohs and queens even had beds made of wood, sometimes gilded. Often there was a head-rest as well, semi-cylindrical and made of <A href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">stone</A>, <A href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</A>, or <A href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</A>. Ancient Assyrians, <A href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Medes</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Persian_people" title="Persian people">Persians</A> had beds of a similar kind, and frequently decorated their furniture with inlays or appliques of metal, <A href="/wiki/Mother-of-pearl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother-of-pearl">mother-of-pearl</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</A>.</P>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes,_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.,37.435E.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes%2C_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.%2C37.435E.jpg/220px-Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes%2C_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.%2C37.435E.jpg" width="220" height="154" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes%2C_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.%2C37.435E.jpg/330px-Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes%2C_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.%2C37.435E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes%2C_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.%2C37.435E.jpg/440px-Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes%2C_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.%2C37.435E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1078" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes,_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.,37.435E.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Headrest with Two Images of the God <A href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</A>, ca. 1539-1190 B.C.E.,37.435E, <A href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</A></DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>The image to the right showcases a headrest. Headrests like this were used in life to support the head while sleeping. They are also found supporting a mummy’s head in the coffin. This headrest perhaps was made specifically for the tomb, since the offering prayer has been inscribed on the supporting column, although the prayer may have been added after the death of the owner.<SUP id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-5">[5]</A></SUP></P>
<P>The oldest account of a bed is probably that of <A href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</A>: a <A href="/wiki/Charpoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charpoy">charpoy</A><SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP> woven of rope plays a role in the <I><A href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</A></I>. A similar bed can be seen at the <A href="/wiki/St_Fagans_National_History_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="St Fagans National History Museum">St Fagans National History Museum</A> in <A href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</A>. Odysseus also gives an account of how he crafted the <A href="/wiki/Nuptial" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuptial">nuptial</A> bed for himself and <A href="/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope">Penelope</A>, out of an ancient, huge <A href="/wiki/Olive_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive tree">olive tree</A> trunk that used to grow on the spot before the bridal chamber was built. His detailed description finally persuades the doubting Penelope that the shipwrecked, aged man is indeed her long-lost husband. <A href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</A> also mentions the inlaying of the woodwork of beds with <A href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</A>, <A href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</A>. The <A href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</A> bed had a wooden frame, with a board at the head and bands of hide laced across, upon which skins were placed. At a later period the bedstead was often <A href="/wiki/Wood_veneer" title="Wood veneer">veneered</A> with expensive woods; sometimes it was of solid ivory veneered with <A href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Tortoiseshell material">tortoise-shell</A> and with <A href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</A> feet; often it was of <A href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</A>. The pillows and coverings also became more costly and beautiful; the most celebrated places for their manufacture were <A href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</A>, <A href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</A> and <A href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</A>. Folding beds, too, appear in the famous <A href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek pottery">Ancient Greek vase paintings</A>.</P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</A> <A href="/wiki/Mattresses" class="mw-redirect" title="Mattresses">mattresses</A> were stuffed with <A href="/wiki/Reed_(plant)" title="Reed (plant)">reeds</A>, <A href="/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">hay</A>, or <A href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</A>. <A href="/wiki/Feathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Feathers">Feathers</A> were used towards the end of the <A href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</A>, when custom demanded luxury. Small cushions were placed at the head and sometimes at the back. The bedsteads were high and could only be ascended by the help of steps. They were often arranged for two people, and had a board or railing at the back, as well as the raised portion at the head. The counterpanes were sometimes very costly, generally <A href="/wiki/Imperial_purple" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial purple">purple</A> embroidered with figures in <A href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</A>; and rich hangings fell to the ground masking the front. The bedsteads themselves were often of bronze inlaid with silver, and <A href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</A> had one of solid silver. In the walls of some houses at <A href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</A> bed niches are found which were probably closed by curtains or sliding partitions. <A href="/wiki/Ancient_Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Romans">Ancient Romans</A> had various kinds of beds for repose. These included:</P>
<UL>
<LI><I>lectus cubicularis</I>, or chamber bed, for normal sleeping</LI>
<LI><I>lectus genialis</I>, the marriage bed, it was much decorated, and was placed in the <A href="/wiki/Atrium_(architecture)" title="Atrium (architecture)">atrium</A> opposite the <A href="/wiki/Door" title="Door">door</A></LI>
<LI><I>lectus discubitorius</I>, or table bed, on which they ate—for they ate while lying on their left sides—there usually being three people to one bed, with the middle place accounted the most honorable position</LI>
<LI><I>lectus lucubratorius</I>, for studying</LI>
<LI>and a <I>lectus funebris</I>, or <I>emortualis</I>, on which the dead were carried to the <A href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">pyre</A><SUP id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-7">[7]</A></SUP></LI>
</UL>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Medieval_Europe">Medieval Europe</SPAN></H3>
<P>The ancient <A href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</A> lay on the floor on beds of <A href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">leaves</A> covered with <A href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skins</A>, or in a kind of shallow <A href="/wiki/Chest_(furniture)" title="Chest (furniture)">chest</A> filled with leaves and <A href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">moss</A>. In the early <A href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</A> they laid <A href="/wiki/Carpets" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpets">carpets</A> on the floor or on a <A href="/wiki/Bench_(furniture)" title="Bench (furniture)">bench</A> against the wall, placed upon them mattresses stuffed with <A href="/wiki/Feathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Feathers">feathers</A>, <A href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</A>, or <A href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">hair</A>, and used skins as a covering. Curtains were hung from the ceiling or from an <A href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</A> arm projecting from the wall.<SUP id="cite_ref-furniturestyles1_8-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-furniturestyles1-8">[8]</A></SUP> They appear to have generally lain <A href="/wiki/Naked" class="mw-redirect" title="Naked">naked</A> in bed, wrapping themselves in large <A href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</A> sheets which were stretched over the cushions.</P>
<DIV class="thumb tleft">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg/220px-Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg" width="220" height="164" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg/330px-Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg/440px-Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Southampton <A href="/wiki/Medieval_Merchant%27s_House" title="Medieval Merchant's House">Medieval Merchant's House</A> bedroom</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>In the 12th century, luxury increased and bedsteads were made of wood much decorated with inlaid, carved, and painted ornamentation. They also used folding beds, which served as couches by day and had cushions covered with silk laid upon <A href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</A>. At night a linen sheet was spread and pillows placed, while silk-covered skins served as coverlets. The <A href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingian</A> <A href="/wiki/Manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuscripts">manuscripts</A> show metal bedsteads much higher at the head than at the feet, and this shape continued in use until the 13th century in France, many cushions being added to raise the body to a sloping position. In 12th-century manuscripts, the bedsteads appear much richer, with inlays, carving, and painting, and with embroidered coverlets and mattresses in harmony. Curtains were hung above the bed and a small hanging <A href="/wiki/Oil_lamp" title="Oil lamp">lamp</A> is often shown.</P>
<P>In the 14th century the woodwork became of less importance, generally being entirely covered by hangings of rich materials. <A href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</A>, <A href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">velvet</A>, and even cloth of <A href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</A> were frequently used. Inventories from the beginning of the 14th century give details of these hangings lined with <A href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">fur</A> and richly embroidered. It was then that the <A href="/wiki/Four_poster_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Four poster bed">Four poster</A> bed (also known as a <I>tester bed</I>) made its first appearance, the bed being slung from the ceiling or fastened to the walls, a form which developed later into a room within a room, shut in by double curtains, sometimes even to exclude all drafts. The space between bed and wall was called the <I>ruelle</I>, and very intimate friends were received there. The 14th century is also the time when feather beds became highly prized possessions.<SUP id="cite_ref-furniturestyles1_8-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-furniturestyles1-8">[8]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In the 15th century beds became very large, reaching 7 to 8 feet (2.1 to 2.4 m) by 6 to 7 feet (1.8 to 2.1 m). The mattresses were often filled with pea-shucks, straw, or feathers. At this time great personages were in the habit of carrying most of their property about with them, including beds and bed-hangings, and for this reason the bedsteads were for the most part mere frameworks to be covered up; but about the beginning of the 16th century bedsteads were made lighter and more decorative, since the lords remained in the same place for longer periods.</P>
<H3><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Renaissance_and_modern_Europe"><SPAN id="Chambre_de_parade"></SPAN>Renaissance and modern Europe</SPAN></H3>
<P>In the 17th century, which has been called "the century of magnificent beds", the style <I>a la duchesse</I>, with <A href="/wiki/Four_poster_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Four poster bed">tester</A> and curtains only at the head, replaced the more enclosed beds in France, though they lasted much longer in England. <A href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</A> had an enormous number of sumptuous beds, as many as 413 being described in the inventories of his palaces. Some of them had embroideries enriched with <A href="/wiki/Pearls" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearls">pearls</A>, and figures on a silver or golden ground. The great bed at <A href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</A> had crimson velvet curtains on which "The Triumph of Venus" was embroidered. So much gold was used that the <A href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">velvet</A> scarcely showed.</P>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg/220px-Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg/330px-Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg/440px-Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
<A href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</A>'s bed</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>In the 18th century feather pillows were first used as coverings in Germany, which in the fashions of the bed and the curious etiquette connected with the bedchamber followed France for the most part. The beds were <I>a la duchesse</I>, but in France itself there was great variety both of name and shape. The custom of the "<A href="/wiki/Lit_de_justice" title="Lit de justice">bed of justice</A>" upon which the <A href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">king of France</A> reclined when he was present in <A href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</A>, the <A href="/wiki/Princes" class="mw-redirect" title="Princes">princes</A> being seated, the great officials standing, and the lesser officials kneeling, was held to denote the royal power even more than the <A href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</A>.</P>
<P><A href="/wiki/Louis_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</A> is credited with its first use and the custom lasted till the end of the <A href="/wiki/French_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="French monarchy">monarchy</A>. In the <I>chambre de parade</I>, where the ceremonial bed was placed, certain persons, such as <A href="/wiki/Ambassadors" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassadors">ambassadors</A> or great <A href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">lords</A>, whom it was desired to honour, were received in a more intimate fashion than the crowd of <A href="/wiki/Courtiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Courtiers">courtiers</A>. At <A href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</A> women received their friends in their beds, both before and after <A href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">childbirth</A>, during periods of <A href="/wiki/Mourning" title="Mourning">mourning</A>, and even directly after <A href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</A>—in fact in any circumstances which were thought deserving of congratulation or condolence. During the 17th century this curious custom became general, perhaps to avoid the tiresome details of etiquette. Portable beds were used in high society in France till the end of the <I><A href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</A></I>. The earliest of which mention has been found belonged to <A href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles the Bold</A>. They had curtains over a light framework, and were in their way as fine as the stationary beds.</P>
<P>Iron beds appear in the 18th century; the <A href="/wiki/Advertisements" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertisements">advertisements</A> declare them as free from the <A href="/wiki/Insects" class="mw-redirect" title="Insects">insects</A> which sometimes infested wooden bedsteads. Elsewhere, there was also the closed bed with sliding or folding shutters, and in England—where beds were commonly quite simple in form—the <A href="/wiki/Four_poster_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Four poster bed">four poster</A> was the usual citizen's bed until the middle of the 19th century.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Bed_sizes">Bed sizes</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Bed_size" title="Bed size">Bed size</A></DIV>
<P>Bed sizes vary considerably around the world, with most countries having their own standards and terminology. While the "double" size appears to be standard among English speaking countries, based on the <A href="/wiki/Imperial_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial measurement">imperial measurement</A> of 4 ft 6 in by 6 ft 3 in (137 cm x 190 cm), the sizes for other bed types tend to vary. The <A href="/wiki/Mainland_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainland Europe">mainland European</A> sizes differ, not merely because of the use of the <A href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric system</A>.<SUP id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-9">[9]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In the mid-1950s, the United States bedding industry introduced a new size: the king size.<SUP id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-10">[10]</A></SUP> A king-sized bed differs from the other sizes in implementation, as it is not common to have a king-sized box spring; rather, two smaller box-springs are used under a king-sized mattress. It is a common misconception that in a US "standard" or "Eastern king", the box springs are identical in size to a "twin extra-long"; however, "twin extra-long" mattresses next to each other add up to 78 inches (200 cm) wide instead of the 76 inches (190 cm) width that is standard for an "eastern king". Another size variant in the United States is the "California king", which measures 72 by 84 inches (180 cm × 210 cm) long (narrower but longer than the standard king).</P>
<P>What is referred to as a "single bed" in many parts of the world may also be known in US terminology as a "twin bed." In some countries, a "twin bed" may also be used to describe one of two single beds in the same room. As another example, in some cultures, the "full mattress" is referred to as a "master size bed."</P>
<P>When a mattress is available in fixed size (for example, twin or queen), and the description does not specify the exact size, this table may be used.</P>
<TABLE class="wikitable">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH>Mattress size<SUP class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><SPAN title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></TH>
<TH>Size in inches</TH>
<TH>Size in cm</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Cot size</TD>
<TD>30" wide x 74" long</TD>
<TD>76x188</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Twin</TD>
<TD>39" wide x 75" long</TD>
<TD>99x190</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Twin extra long</TD>
<TD>39" wide x 80" long</TD>
<TD>99x203</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Full size</TD>
<TD>54" wide x 75" long</TD>
<TD>137x190</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Full extra long</TD>
<TD>54" wide x 80" long</TD>
<TD>137x203</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Queen size</TD>
<TD>60" wide x 80" long</TD>
<TD>153x203</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Cal-king</TD>
<TD>72" wide x 84" long</TD>
<TD>183x214</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>King size</TD>
<TD>76" wide x 80" long</TD>
<TD>193x203</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<P>All mattresses are made according to certain standards, but different brands sometimes have exceptions. Most often, the difference is 2-5 inches.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Notable_examples">Notable examples</SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="thumb tleft">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Bed_of_Ware.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bed_of_Ware.jpg/220px-Bed_of_Ware.jpg" width="220" height="163" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bed_of_Ware.jpg/330px-Bed_of_Ware.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bed_of_Ware.jpg/440px-Bed_of_Ware.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="521" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Bed_of_Ware.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
The <A href="/wiki/Great_Bed_of_Ware" title="Great Bed of Ware">Great Bed of Ware</A>, one of the largest beds in the world</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>One of the largest beds in the world is the <A href="/wiki/Great_Bed_of_Ware" title="Great Bed of Ware">Great Bed of Ware</A>, made in about 1580. It is 3.26 metres (10.7 ft) wide, 3.38 metres (11.1 ft) long. The bed is mentioned by <A href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</A> in <I><A href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</A></I>. It is now in the <A href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</A> (V&A) in <A href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</A>. Another bed in the V&A is the <A href="/wiki/Golden_Bed" title="Golden Bed">Golden Bed</A> created by <A href="/wiki/William_Burges" title="William Burges">William Burges</A> in 1879.<SUP id="cite_ref-VABed_11-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-VABed-11">[11]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 1882, an Indian <A href="/wiki/Maharajah" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharajah">Maharajah</A> had a bed made of solid silver. At each corner of the bed there was a life-sized statue of a naked woman holding a fan. When the Maharajah lay on the bed, his weight started a mechanism that made the women wave their fans.<SUP id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-12">[12]</A></SUP></P>
<P>In 1865, a convertible bed in the form of an <A href="/wiki/Upright_piano" class="mw-redirect" title="Upright piano">upright piano</A> was available, which could provide home entertainment while saving space.<SUP id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-13">[13]</A></SUP></P>
<DIV style="clear:both;"></DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Types">Types</SPAN></H2>
<P><SUP class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<I><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><SPAN title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (April 2015)">original research?</SPAN></A></I>]</SUP></P>
<TABLE class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD class="mbox-image">
<DIV style="width:52px"><A href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" height="39" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></A></DIV>
</TD>
<TD class="mbox-text">
<DIV class="mbox-text-span">This section <B>does not <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</A> any <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</A></B>. <SPAN class="hide-when-compact">Please help <A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bed&action=edit">improve this section</A> by <A href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1">adding citations to reliable sources</A>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</A>.</SPAN> <SMALL><I>(April 2015)</I></SMALL> <SMALL class="hide-when-compact"><I>(<A href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</A>)</I></SMALL></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <A href="/wiki/Category:Beds" title="Category:Beds">Category:Beds</A></DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_(14).JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_%2814%29.JPG/220px-Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_%2814%29.JPG" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_%2814%29.JPG/330px-Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_%2814%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_%2814%29.JPG/440px-Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_%2814%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1862" data-file-height="2482" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_(14).JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
<I>Lit à la Polonaise</I> (Polish style bed),<SUP id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-14">[14]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Royal_Castle,_Warsaw" title="Royal Castle, Warsaw">Royal Castle</A> in <A href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</A>, 18th century.</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Sarahgoodebed.gif" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sarahgoodebed.gif/220px-Sarahgoodebed.gif" width="220" height="391" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Sarahgoodebed.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="468" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Sarahgoodebed.gif" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
<A href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent #322,177</A>, on 14 July 1885 issued to <A href="/wiki/Sarah_E._Goode" title="Sarah E. Goode">Sarah E. Goode</A> for a cabinet bed</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg/220px-Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg" width="220" height="181" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg/330px-Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg/440px-Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="901" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Drawing of a candle-lit mourning bed (<I>Trauergerüst</I>) for abbess Franziska Christine von Pfalz-Sulzbach, 1776</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<DIV class="thumb tright">
<DIV class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><A href="/wiki/File:Daughter%27s_bed,_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG" class="image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Daughter%27s_bed%2C_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG/220px-Daughter%27s_bed%2C_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Daughter%27s_bed%2C_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG/330px-Daughter%27s_bed%2C_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Daughter%27s_bed%2C_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG/440px-Daughter%27s_bed%2C_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></A>
<DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A href="/wiki/File:Daughter%27s_bed,_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></A></DIV>
Chinese style beds</DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
<P>There are many varieties of beds:</P>
<UL>
<LI>An <A href="/wiki/Adjustable_bed" title="Adjustable bed">adjustable bed</A> is a bed that can be adjusted to a number of different positions. Most hospital beds are adjustable, so that a patient can have different parts of her body elevated for medical reasons. Some people have adjustable beds in private homes. Some adjustable beds are designed for couples; they use two separate mattresses and adjustment mechanisms. This permits one partner to be lying flat to sleep while the other has the head and shoulders elevated to watch television or read. Couple adjustable beds also permit partners with different medical conditions to select a mattress positioning that best suits them.</LI>
<LI>An <A href="/wiki/Air_mattress" title="Air mattress">air bed</A> uses an air-inflated mattress, sometimes connected to an electric air pump and having variable, firmness controls. The portable version of an air bed can also be rolled up and packed; so is meant for travel or temporary guest use.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Bassinet" title="Bassinet">bassinet</A> is a bed specifically for newborns.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Box-bed" title="Box-bed">box-bed</A> is a bed having the form of a large box with wooden roof, sides, and ends, opening in front with two sliding panels or shutters; often used in cottages in Scotland: sometimes also applied to a bed arranged to fold up into a box.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Bed_frame#Brass_beds" title="Bed frame">brass bed</A> has a frame constructed from brass. A brass-plated bed is a cheaper bed of iron with a thin covering of brass, which with time peels off and the iron is exposed.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Bunk_bed" title="Bunk bed">bunk bed</A> is two or more beds one atop the other. Bunk beds are used for adults in military barracks and in some ski lodges. Bunk beds are used for children and teens in summer camps. Some inexpensive <A href="/wiki/Hostel" title="Hostel">hostels</A> provide bunk beds for guests. Bunk beds are used for children in private homes.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Bunk_bed#loft_bed" title="Bunk bed">loft bed</A> is similar to a bunk bed, except there is no lower bunk. This leaves space underneath for storage, other furniture, a desk etc.</LI>
<LI>A captain's bed<SUP id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-15">[15]</A></SUP> (also known as a "captain bed", "chest bed", or "cabin bed") is a platform bed with drawers and storage compartments built in underneath.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Camp_bed" title="Camp bed">camp bed</A> (also "cot") is a simple, temporary, portable bed used by armies and by campers. Cots are also used to provide a sleeping surface for <A href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</A> and other <A href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</A> people during disasters, floods, or other crises.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Canopy_bed" title="Canopy bed">canopy bed</A> is similar to a <A href="/wiki/Four_poster_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Four poster bed">four poster bed</A>, but the posts usually extend higher and are adorned or draped with cloth, sometimes completely enclosing the bed.</LI>
<LI>A curtained bed is a luxury bed with curtains.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Daybed" title="Daybed">daybed</A> is a <A href="/wiki/Couch" title="Couch">couch</A> that is used as a seat by day and as a bed by night. Usually it has pop up trundle which is used as bed in the night.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Futon" title="Futon">futon</A> is a traditional style of Japanese bed using a mattress on a wooden frame. Futons are also available in a larger Western style which can fold halfway for sitting. Futons were traditionally made with cotton, but in the 2000s, many futons include synthetic foam.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Four_poster_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Four poster bed">four poster bed</A> is a bed with four posts, one in each corner, that support a <A href="/wiki/Four_poster_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Four poster bed">tester</A>.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Hammock" title="Hammock">hammock</A> is a piece of suspended fabric or netting, used on ships and in some homes.</LI>
<LI>A hideaway bed, invented by <A href="/wiki/Sarah_E._Goode" title="Sarah E. Goode">Sarah E. Goode</A> in response to the needs of apartment-dwellers, folds up into another piece of furniture, such as a shelf or desk, when not in use.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Hospital_bed" title="Hospital bed">hospital bed</A> is specifically designed to facilitate <A href="/wiki/Convalescence" title="Convalescence">convalescence</A>, traditionally in a <A href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</A> or <A href="/wiki/Nursing_home" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursing home">nursing facility</A>, but increasingly in other settings, such as a private residence. Hospital beds are typically adjustable, so that the head or feet can be raised or lowered. Modern hospital beds commonly have wheels to assist in moderate relocation, but they are larger and generally more permanently placed than a <A href="/wiki/Gurney" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurney">trolley (US: gurney)</A>. The "hospital bed" is also a common unit of measurement for the capacity of any type of inpatient medical facility, though it is just as common to shorten the term to "bed" in that usage (e.g. <I>The hospital has 250 beds...</I>).</LI>
<LI>An <A href="/wiki/Infant_bed" title="Infant bed">infant bed</A> (also "crib" or "cot") is a small bed specifically for <A href="/wiki/Baby" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby">babies</A> and <A href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">infants</A>.</LI>
<LI>An <A href="/wiki/Bed_frame#Iron_beds" title="Bed frame">iron bed</A>, developed in the 1850s, is constructed of iron and steel.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Kang_bed-stove" title="Kang bed-stove">kang bed-stove</A> is a Chinese ceramic room heater used as the platform for a bed.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Manjaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Manjaa">Manjaa</A> is a traditional <A href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjabi</A> bed made of tied ropes bordered by a wooden frame.</LI>
<LI>A mourning bed ("illustration") is a formal canopied bed, with the deceased, a wax effigy, or symbols of rank</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Murphy_bed" title="Murphy bed">Murphy bed</A> or wallbed is a bed that can fold up into a wall or cabinet to save space.</LI>
<LI>An Ottoman bed (in the UK) is a type of storage bed in which the storage area is placed underneath the mattress base and accessed by lifting the hinged mattress frame with the help of a spring or hydraulic mechanism.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Pallet_(furniture)" title="Pallet (furniture)">pallet</A> is a thin, lightweight mattress.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Platform_bed" title="Platform bed">platform bed</A> is a mattress resting on a solid, flat raised surface, either free-standing or part of the structure of the room.</LI>
<LI>A roll-away bed is a bed whose frame folds in half and rolls in order to be more easily stored and moved. This is used in different settings, including <A href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hotels</A> for either free or a nominal fee per night, where more people than expected may need to sleep in the same room, e.g. 5 people in a hotel room for 4 (two twin beds).</LI>
<LI>A rope bed is a pre-modern bed whose wooden frame includes crossing ropes to support the typically down-filled single mattress.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Sofabed" class="mw-redirect" title="Sofabed">sofabed</A> ("pull-out" or "pull-out bed") is a folding bed that is stored inside a <A href="/wiki/Couch" title="Couch">sofa</A>.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin">state bed</A> developed in Early Modern Europe from a hieratic canopy of state.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Toddler_bed" title="Toddler bed">toddler bed</A> is a small bed for young children.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Trundle_bed" title="Trundle bed">trundle bed</A> or "truckle bed" is a bed usually stored beneath a twin bed also sometimes referred to as a "sleepover bed" or "daybed with pop up trundle"</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/John_Houghtaling" title="John Houghtaling">vibrating bed</A> (also known as a <I>Magic Fingers</I> bed) is typically a coin-operated novelty found in a vintage (c. 1960s-early 1980s) motel. For a nominal fee, the mattress vibrates for a duration of time. Alternatively it is a modern bed which vibrates by use of an off-centre motor. It is controlled by electronics for varying time and amplitude settings and is used therapeutically to ease back pains or as an erotic aid.</LI>
<LI>A <A href="/wiki/Waterbed" title="Waterbed">waterbed</A> is a flexible plastic mattress full of water. The plastic container needs a strong frame around it.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Frames">Frames</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <A href="/wiki/Bed_frame" title="Bed frame">Bed frame</A></DIV>
<P><A href="/wiki/Bed_frame" title="Bed frame">Bed frames</A>, also called bed steads, are made of wood or metal. The frame is made up of head, foot, and side rails. For heavy duty or larger frames (such as for queen- and king-sized beds), the bed frame also includes a center support rail. These rails are assembled to create a box for the mattress or mattress/box spring to sit on.</P>
<P>Types include:</P>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Platform_bed" title="Platform bed">platform</A> – typically used without a box spring</LI>
<LI>captain – has drawers beneath the frame to make use of the space between the floor and the bed frame</LI>
<LI>waterbed – a heavy-duty frame built specifically to support the weight of the water in the mattress (Mainly used on larger models)</LI>
</UL>
<P>Though not truly parts of a bed frame, headboards, footboards, and bed rails can be included in the definition. <A href="/wiki/Headboard_(furniture)" title="Headboard (furniture)">Headboards</A> and footboards can be wood or metal. They can be stained, painted, or covered in fabric or leather.</P>
<P>Bed rails are made of wood or metal and are attached to a headboard and footboard. Wooden slats are placed perpendicular to the bed rails to support the mattress/mattress box spring. Bed rails and frames are often attached to the bed post using knock-down fittings.<SUP id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-16">[16]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-17">[17]</A></SUP> A knock-down fitting enables the bed to be easily dismantled for removal. Primary knock-down fittings for bed rails are as follows:</P>
<UL>
<LI>Pin-and-hook fastener. A <A href="/wiki/Mortise_and_tenon" title="Mortise and tenon">mortise</A> or slot is cut vertically in the bedpost. Pins are inserted horizontally in the bed post so that the pins perpendicularly intersect the mortise. For example, if one looked in the mortise, one might see part of one horizontal pin at the bottom of the mortise and a part of a second pin toward the top of the mortise. Hooks are installed at the end of the rail. Usually these hooks are part of a plate that is attached to the rail. The hooks then are inserted into the bed post mortise and hook over the pins.</LI>
<LI>Plate-and-hook fastener. Instead of pins inserted horizontally into the bedpost, an eye plate (post plate) is installed on the bedpost. The hooks are installed on the rail, either as surface mount or recessed. Depending on the hardware, the bedpost may require a mortise in order to allow the hooks to fasten to the plate. This is also referred to as a keyhole fastener, especially if the connector is more of a "plug" than a "hook".</LI>
<LI>Bed bolts ("through-bolts") are a different means of a knock-down connection. A hole is typically drilled through the bedpost. The bolt head is inset and covered with a plug. In the rail, a dowel nut or other type of nut receives the bolt. The springs are made from metal, which are swirled for maximum comfort</LI>
</UL>
<P>Safety rails,<SUP id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-18">[18]</A></SUP> or <A href="/wiki/Cot_sides" class="mw-redirect" title="Cot sides">cot sides</A>, can be added to the sides of a bed (normally a child or elderly person's bed) to stop anyone falling out of the sides of the bed. A safety rail is normally a piece of wood that attaches to the side rails on one or both sides of the bed. They are made so that they can be easily removed when no longer required.</P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</SPAN></H2>
<DIV role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px">
<UL style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold">
<LI style="display:table-row"><SPAN style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><A href="/wiki/File:Design_portal_logo.jpg" class="image"><IMG alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Design_portal_logo.jpg/28px-Design_portal_logo.jpg" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Design_portal_logo.jpg/42px-Design_portal_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Design_portal_logo.jpg/56px-Design_portal_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="151" /></A></SPAN><SPAN style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><A href="/wiki/Portal:Design" title="Portal:Design">Design portal</A></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bed-In" title="Bed-In">Bed-In</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Co-sleeping" title="Co-sleeping">Co-sleeping</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleeping_bag" title="Sleeping bag">Sleeping bag</A></LI>
</UL>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN></H2>
<DIV class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns">
<OL class="references">
<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/BEd">"Bed"</A>. The Free Dictionary By Farlex<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">16 May</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bed&rft.pub=The+Free+Dictionary+By+Farlex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2FBEd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bed">"Bed"</A>. Merriam-Webster<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">16 May</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bed&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fbed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Wadley2-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-Wadley2_3-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-Wadley2_3-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Wadley L, Sievers C, Bamford M, Goldberg P, Berna F, Miller C. (2011). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6061/1388.full">Middle Stone Age Bedding Construction and Settlement Patterns at Sibudu, South Africa</A>. Science 9 December 2011: Vol. 334 no. 6061 pp. 1388-1391</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-4"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orkneyjar.com/history/skarabrae/furniture.htm">"Skara Brae – The Furniture"</A>. orkneyjar.com.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Skara+Brae+%E2%80%93+The+Furniture&rft.pub=orkneyjar.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orkneyjar.com%2Fhistory%2Fskarabrae%2Ffurniture.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-5"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/4039/Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes">"Headrest with Two Images of the God Bes"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">8 July</SPAN> 2014</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Headrest+with+Two+Images+of+the+God+Bes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynmuseum.org%2Fopencollection%2Fobjects%2F4039%2FHeadrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/charpoy">"Definition of CHARPOY"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">30 December</SPAN> 2016</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+CHARPOY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcharpoy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-7"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-7"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" width="12" height="12" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <A href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</A>: <CITE id="CITEREFChambers1728" class="citation encyclopaedia"><A href="/wiki/Ephraim_Chambers" title="Ephraim Chambers">Chambers, Ephraim</A>, ed. (1728). "<SUP><SPAN style="color:red">article name needed</SPAN></SUP>". <I><A href="/wiki/Cyclop%C3%A6dia,_or_an_Universal_Dictionary_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences">Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences</A></I> (first ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%3Csup%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22color%3Ared%22%3Earticle+name+needed%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.btitle=Cyclop%C3%A6dia%2C+or+an+Universal+Dictionary+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=James+and+John+Knapton%2C+et+al&rft.date=1728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN> <CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.futoncreations.com/reference.html">"BED"</A>. History of Science and Technology.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BED&rft.pub=History+of+Science+and+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.futoncreations.com%2Freference.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-furniturestyles1-8"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-furniturestyles1_8-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-furniturestyles1_8-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.furniturestyles.net/medieval/">"Medieval Furniture & Home Decor"</A>. furniturestyles.net<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">26 November</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medieval+Furniture+%26+Home+Decor&rft.pub=furniturestyles.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.furniturestyles.net%2Fmedieval%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-9"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-9"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.translatorscafe.com/tcterms/en-US/question.aspx?id=67933">"TCTerms - Standard-double vs. Standard-twin (English)"</A>. <I>www.translatorscafe.com</I><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2017-10-31</SPAN></SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.translatorscafe.com&rft.atitle=TCTerms+-+Standard-double+vs.+Standard-twin+%28English%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.translatorscafe.com%2Ftcterms%2Fen-US%2Fquestion.aspx%3Fid%3D67933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-10"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-10"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yt0DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA128&dq=1954+Popular+Mechanics+January&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pboPT5H_K8TuggfN7KDUAw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=true">"Even Beds Go King-Size"</A> <I>Popular Mechanics</I>, December 1954, p.128, bottom of page.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-VABed-11"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-VABed_11-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O61210/the-golden-bed-bed-burges-william/">"The Golden Bed"</A>. Victoria and Albert Museum<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">26 May</SPAN> 2013</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Bed&rft.pub=Victoria+and+Albert+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollections.vam.ac.uk%2Fitem%2FO61210%2Fthe-golden-bed-bed-burges-william%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-12"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-12"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Independent. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/indias-royal-riches-the-maharajas-opulent-lifestyle-1782721.html">"India's royal riches: The maharajas' opulent lifestyle"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">31 July</SPAN> 2017</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+royal+riches%3A+The+maharajas%27+opulent+lifestyle&rft.au=Independent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fart%2Ffeatures%2Findias-royal-riches-the-maharajas-opulent-lifestyle-1782721.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-13"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-13"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web">Brooklyn Museum. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/1808/Convertible_Bed_in_Form_of_Upright_Piano">"Decorative Arts: Convertible Bed in Form of Upright Piano"</A><SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">11 March</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decorative+Arts%3A+Convertible+Bed+in+Form+of+Upright+Piano&rft.au=Brooklyn+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynmuseum.org%2Fopencollection%2Fobjects%2F1808%2FConvertible_Bed_in_Form_of_Upright_Piano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-14"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-14"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><SPAN class="languageicon">(in English)</SPAN> <CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=7106">"Bed (Lit à la Polonaise)"</A>. getty.edu. <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301005810/http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=7106">Archived</A> from the original on 1 March 2009<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">26 January</SPAN> 2009</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bed+%28Lit+%C3%A0+la+Polonaise%29&rft.pub=getty.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getty.edu%2Fart%2Fgettyguide%2FartObjectDetails%3Fartobj%3D7106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-15"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-15"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/captains+bed?s=t">"Captain's bed"</A>. Dictionary.com<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">26 May</SPAN> 2012</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Captain%E2%80%99s+bed&rft.pub=Dictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fcaptains%2Bbed%3Fs%3Dt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-16"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-16"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060312175925/http://www.whitechapel-ltd.com/hist/bed_hardware.shtml">"Historical Guide: Bed Hardware"</A>. whitechapel-ltd.com. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitechapel-ltd.com/hist/bed_hardware.shtml">the original</A> on 2006-03-12.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Guide%3A+Bed+Hardware&rft.pub=whitechapel-ltd.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitechapel-ltd.com%2Fhist%2Fbed_hardware.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-17"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-17"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.home-improvement-and-financing.com/bed-rail-fastener.html">"Bed Rail Fastener Options"</A>. home-improvement-and-financing.com.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bed+Rail+Fastener+Options&rft.pub=home-improvement-and-financing.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.home-improvement-and-financing.com%2Fbed-rail-fastener.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-18"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-18"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation web"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716123818/http://www.srbworld.com/productimages/SR-1301-GS-V2/1.jpg">"Picture"</A>. srbworld.com. Archived from <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srbworld.com/productimages/SR-1301-GS-V2/1.jpg">the original</A> on 16 July 2011<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">26 November</SPAN> 2010</SPAN>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Picture&rft.pub=srbworld.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srbworld.com%2Fproductimages%2FSR-1301-GS-V2%2F1.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</OL>
</DIV>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</SPAN></H2>
<TABLE role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD class="mbox-image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" width="34" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></TD>
<TD class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to: <I><B><A href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Beds" class="extiw" title="q:Beds">Beds</A></B></I></TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD class="mbox-image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" width="40" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></TD>
<TD class="mbox-text plainlist">Look up <I><B><A href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bed" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:bed">bed</A></B></I> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<TBODY><TR>
<TD class="mbox-image"><IMG alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></TD>
<TD class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <I><B><A href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Beds" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Beds">Beds</A></B></I>.</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bedding" style="padding:3px">
<TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit" id="collapsibleTable0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton0" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>
<DIV class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">
<UL>
<LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Bedding" title="Template:Bedding"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bedding" title="Template talk:Bedding"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Bedding&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">e</ABBR></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<DIV id="Bedding" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Bedding" title="Bedding">Bedding</A></DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Bed</A> types<BR />
(<A href="/wiki/Bed_size" title="Bed size">Bed sizes</A>)</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Banig" title="Banig">Banig</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bassinet" title="Bassinet">Bassinet</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Box-bed" title="Box-bed">Box-bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bunk_bed" title="Bunk bed">Bunk bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cage_bed" title="Cage bed">Cage bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Camp_bed" title="Camp bed">Camp bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Canopy_bed" title="Canopy bed">Canopy bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sofa_bed" title="Sofa bed">Couch bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cradle_(bed)" title="Cradle (bed)">Cradle (bed)</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Daybed" title="Daybed">Daybed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Four-poster_bed" title="Four-poster bed">Four-poster bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Futon" title="Futon">Futon</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hammock" title="Hammock">Hammock</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hospital_bed" title="Hospital bed">Hospital bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Infant_bed" title="Infant bed">Infant bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kang_bed-stove" title="Kang bed-stove">Kang bed-stove</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lit_a_la_turque" title="Lit a la turque">Lit a la turque</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Loft_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Loft bed">Loft bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Charpai" title="Charpai">Charpai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Murphy_bed" title="Murphy bed">Murphy bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Petate" title="Petate">Petate</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Platform_bed" title="Platform bed">Platform bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleigh_bed" title="Sleigh bed">Sleigh bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sofa_bed" title="Sofa bed">Sofa bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Toddler_bed" title="Toddler bed">Toddler bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Trundle_bed" title="Trundle bed">Trundle bed</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bed components</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bed_frame" title="Bed frame">Bed frame</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bed_sheet" title="Bed sheet">Bed sheet</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bed_skirt" title="Bed skirt">Bed skirt</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cot_side" title="Cot side">Cot side</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Footboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Footboard">Footboard</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Headboard_(furniture)" title="Headboard (furniture)">Headboard</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Mattress" title="Mattress">Mattresses</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Air_mattress" title="Air mattress">Air mattress</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Featherbed" title="Featherbed">Featherbed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mattress_pad" title="Mattress pad">Mattress pad</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mattress_protector" title="Mattress protector">Mattress protector</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Memory_foam" title="Memory foam">Memory foam</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Orthopedic_mattress" title="Orthopedic mattress">Orthopedic mattress</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Waterbed" title="Waterbed">Waterbed</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Bed_base" title="Bed base">Bed bases</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Box-spring" title="Box-spring">Box-spring</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bunkie_board" title="Bunkie board">Bunkie board</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Blanket" title="Blanket">Blankets</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Afghan_(blanket)" title="Afghan (blanket)">Afghan</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Comforter" title="Comforter">Comforter</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Duvet" title="Duvet">Duvet</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Duvet_cover" title="Duvet cover">Duvet cover</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Electric_blanket" title="Electric blanket">Electric blanket</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_point_blanket" title="Hudson's Bay point blanket">Hudson's Bay point blanket</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Patchwork_quilt" title="Patchwork quilt">Patchwork quilt</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Photo_blanket" title="Photo blanket">Photo blanket</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Quilt" title="Quilt">Quilt</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Razai" title="Razai">Razai</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Security_blanket" class="mw-redirect" title="Security blanket">Security blanket</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Silk_comforter" title="Silk comforter">Silk comforter</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleeping_bag" title="Sleeping bag">Sleeping bag</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Pillow" title="Pillow">Pillows</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Acupressure_pillow" title="Acupressure pillow">Acupressure pillow</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bamboo_wife" title="Bamboo wife">Bamboo wife</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bolster" title="Bolster">Bolster</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Contour_leg_pillow" title="Contour leg pillow">Contour leg pillow</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Cushion" title="Cushion">Cushion</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dakimakura" title="Dakimakura">Dakimakura</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Eye_pillow" title="Eye pillow">Eye pillow</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Orthopedic_pillow" title="Orthopedic pillow">Orthopedic pillow</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Phonetic_pillow" title="Phonetic pillow">Phonetic pillow</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sex_pillow" title="Sex pillow">Sex pillow</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Speaker_pillow" title="Speaker pillow">Speaker pillow</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Throw_pillow" title="Throw pillow">Throw pillow</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related items</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bed_warmer" title="Bed warmer">Bed warmer</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Couch" title="Couch">Couch</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nightstand" title="Nightstand">Nightstand</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</DIV>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Psychophysiology:_Sleep_and_sleep_disorders_(F51_and_G47_/_307.4_and_327)" style="padding:3px">
<TABLE class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit" id="collapsibleTable1">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><SPAN class="collapseButton">[<A id="collapseButton1" href="#">show</A>]</SPAN>
<DIV class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">
<UL>
<LI class="nv-view"><A href="/wiki/Template:Sleep" title="Template:Sleep"><ABBR title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-talk"><A href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sleep" title="Template talk:Sleep"><ABBR title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI class="nv-edit"><A class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Sleep&action=edit"><ABBR title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">e</ABBR></A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
<DIV id="Psychophysiology:_Sleep_and_sleep_disorders_(F51_and_G47_/_307.4_and_327)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><A href="/wiki/Psychophysiology" title="Psychophysiology">Psychophysiology</A>: <A href="/wiki/Sleep" title="Sleep">Sleep</A> and <A href="/wiki/Sleep_disorder" title="Sleep disorder">sleep disorders</A> (<A href="/wiki/ICD-10_Chapter_V:_Mental_and_behavioural_disorders#(F50–F59)_Behavioural_syndromes_associated_with_physiological_disturbances_and_physical_factors" title="ICD-10 Chapter V: Mental and behavioural disorders">F51</A> and <A href="/wiki/ICD-10_Chapter_VI:_Diseases_of_the_nervous_system" title="ICD-10 Chapter VI: Diseases of the nervous system">G47</A> / <A href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes_290%E2%80%93319:_mental_disorders#Other_(primarily_adult_onset)_(306–311)" title="List of ICD-9 codes 290–319: mental disorders">307.4</A> and <A href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes_320%E2%80%93359:_diseases_of_the_nervous_system" title="List of ICD-9 codes 320–359: diseases of the nervous system">327</A>)</DIV>
</TH>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sleep stages</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep" title="Rapid eye movement sleep">Rapid eye movement (REM)</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep" title="Non-rapid eye movement sleep">Non-rapid eye movement</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Slow-wave_sleep" title="Slow-wave sleep">Slow-wave</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Electroencephalography" title="Electroencephalography">Brain waves</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Alpha_wave" title="Alpha wave">Alpha wave</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Beta_wave" title="Beta wave">Beta wave</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Delta_wave" title="Delta wave">Delta wave</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Gamma_wave" title="Gamma wave">Gamma wave</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/K-complex" title="K-complex">K-complex</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mu_wave" title="Mu wave">Mu rhythm</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sensorimotor_rhythm" title="Sensorimotor rhythm">Sensorimotor rhythm</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleep_spindle" title="Sleep spindle">Sleep spindle</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Theta_wave" title="Theta wave">Theta wave</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Sleep_disorder" title="Sleep disorder">Sleep<BR />
disorders</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em"></DIV>
<TABLE class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Dyssomnia" title="Dyssomnia">Dyssomnia</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hypersomnia" title="Hypersomnia">Hypersomnia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">Insomnia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Kleine%E2%80%93Levin_syndrome" title="Kleine–Levin syndrome">Kleine–Levin syndrome</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Narcolepsy" title="Narcolepsy">Narcolepsy</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleep_apnea" title="Sleep apnea">Sleep apnea</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Central_hypoventilation_syndrome" title="Central hypoventilation syndrome">Central hypoventilation syndrome</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Obesity_hypoventilation_syndrome" title="Obesity hypoventilation syndrome">Obesity hypoventilation syndrome</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleep_state_misperception" title="Sleep state misperception">Sleep state misperception</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">
<DIV style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;line-height: 1.15em;"><A href="/wiki/Circadian_rhythm_sleep_disorder" title="Circadian rhythm sleep disorder">Circadian rhythm<BR />
disorder</A></DIV>
</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Advanced_sleep_phase_disorder" title="Advanced sleep phase disorder">Advanced sleep phase disorder</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Delayed_sleep_phase_disorder" title="Delayed sleep phase disorder">Delayed sleep phase disorder</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Irregular_sleep%E2%80%93wake_rhythm" title="Irregular sleep–wake rhythm">Irregular sleep–wake rhythm</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Jet_lag" title="Jet lag">Jet lag</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Non-24-hour_sleep%E2%80%93wake_disorder" title="Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder">Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Shift_work_sleep_disorder" title="Shift work sleep disorder">Shift work sleep disorder</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Parasomnia" title="Parasomnia">Parasomnia</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Catathrenia" title="Catathrenia">Catathrenia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Night_terror" title="Night terror">Night terror</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep_behavior_disorder" title="Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder">Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleepwalking" title="Sleepwalking">Sleepwalking</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Somniloquy" title="Somniloquy">Somniloquy</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bruxism" title="Bruxism">Bruxism</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Night_eating_syndrome" title="Night eating syndrome">Night eating syndrome</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nocturia" title="Nocturia">Nocturia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder" title="Periodic limb movement disorder">Nocturnal myoclonus</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Benign<BR />
phenomena</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dream" title="Dream">Dream</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Exploding_head_syndrome" title="Exploding head syndrome">Exploding head syndrome</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/False_awakening" title="False awakening">False awakening</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hypnagogia" title="Hypnagogia">Hypnagogia</A> / <A href="/wiki/Sleep_onset" title="Sleep onset">Sleep onset</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hypnic_jerk" title="Hypnic jerk">Hypnic jerk</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lucid_dream" title="Lucid dream">Lucid dream</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nightmare" title="Nightmare">Nightmare</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nocturnal_clitoral_tumescence" title="Nocturnal clitoral tumescence">Nocturnal clitoral tumescence</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nocturnal_emission" title="Nocturnal emission">Nocturnal emission</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nocturnal_penile_tumescence" title="Nocturnal penile tumescence">Nocturnal penile tumescence</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleep_paralysis" title="Sleep paralysis">Sleep paralysis</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Somnolence" title="Somnolence">Somnolence</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<BR />
topics</TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><A class="mw-selflink selflink">Bed</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bunk_bed" title="Bunk bed">Bunk bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Daybed" title="Daybed">Daybed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Four-poster_bed" title="Four-poster bed">Four-poster bed</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Futon" title="Futon">Futon</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hammock" title="Hammock">Hammock</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Mattress" title="Mattress">Mattress</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleeping_bag" title="Sleeping bag">Sleeping bag</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bed_bug" title="Bed bug">Bed bug</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bedding" title="Bedding">Bedding</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bedroom" title="Bedroom">Bedroom</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bedtime" title="Bedtime">Bedtime</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bedtime_story" title="Bedtime story">Bedtime story</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Bedtime_toy" title="Bedtime toy">Bedtime toy</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Biphasic_and_polyphasic_sleep" title="Biphasic and polyphasic sleep">Biphasic and polyphasic sleep</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Chronotype" title="Chronotype">Chronotype</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Dream_diary" title="Dream diary">Dream journal</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Excessive_daytime_sleepiness" title="Excessive daytime sleepiness">Excessive daytime sleepiness</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Hypnopompic" title="Hypnopompic">Hypnopompic state</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Lullaby" title="Lullaby">Lullaby</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Microsleep" title="Microsleep">Microsleep</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nap" title="Nap">Nap</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Nightwear" title="Nightwear">Nightwear</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Polysomnography" title="Polysomnography">Polysomnography</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Power_nap" title="Power nap">Power nap</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Second_wind_(sleep)" title="Second wind (sleep)">Second wind</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Siesta" title="Siesta">Siesta</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleep_and_creativity" title="Sleep and creativity">Sleep and creativity</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleep_and_learning" title="Sleep and learning">Sleep and learning</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleep_debt" title="Sleep debt">Sleep debt</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleep_deprivation" title="Sleep deprivation">Sleep deprivation</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleep_diary" title="Sleep diary">Sleep diary</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleep_hygiene" title="Sleep hygiene">Sleep hygiene</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleep_induction" title="Sleep induction">Sleep induction</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleep_inertia" title="Sleep inertia">Sleep inertia</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</A></LI>
<LI>"<A href="/wiki/African_trypanosomiasis" title="African trypanosomiasis">Sleeping sickness</A>"<SUP><SMALL>1</SMALL></SUP></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleeping_while_on_duty" title="Sleeping while on duty">Sleeping while on duty</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Sleepover" title="Sleepover">Sleepover</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Snoring" title="Snoring">Snoring</A></LI>
<LI><A href="/wiki/Somnology" title="Somnology">Somnology</A></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="display: none;">
<TD colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><SUP>1</SUP> Not a sleep disorder.</LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</DIV>
<DIV role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px">
<TABLE class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit">
<TBODY><TR>
<TH scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><A href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</A></TH>
<TD class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<DIV style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<UL>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</A>: <SPAN class="uid"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4006250-8">4006250-8</A></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN class="nowrap"><A href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" title="National Diet Library">NDL</A>: <SPAN class="uid"><A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576741">00576741</A></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
</UL>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY></TABLE>
</DIV>

<!--
NewPP limit report
Parsed by mw1324
Cached time: 20180124210724
Cache expiry: 1900800
Dynamic content: false
CPU time usage: 0.468 seconds
Real time usage: 0.619 seconds
Preprocessor visited node count: 2140/1000000
Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000
Post‐expand include size: 80795/2097152 bytes
Template argument size: 1605/2097152 bytes
Highest expansion depth: 12/40
Expensive parser function count: 9/500
Lua time usage: 0.215/10.000 seconds
Lua memory usage: 8.23 MB/50 MB
-->
<!--
Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
100.00%  492.756      1 -total
 21.43%  105.593     16 Template:Cite_web
 10.18%   50.155      1 Template:Pp-pc1
  9.85%   48.523      7 Template:Convert
  9.24%   45.550      2 Template:Fix
  8.49%   41.811      1 Template:Citation_needed
  6.22%   30.651      4 Template:Category_handler
  5.80%   28.601      3 Template:Navbox
  5.07%   24.979      1 Template:Commons_category
  4.70%   23.143      1 Template:1728
-->
</DIV>
<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:951407-0!canonical and timestamp 20180124210724 and revision id 819667927
 -->
<NOSCRIPT><img src="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;" /></NOSCRIPT></DIV>					<DIV class="printfooter">
						Retrieved from "<A dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bed&oldid=819667927">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bed&oldid=819667927</A>"					</DIV>
				<DIV id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><DIV id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><A href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</A>: <UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Beds" title="Category:Beds">Beds</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Mattresses" title="Category:Mattresses">Mattresses</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Sleep" title="Category:Sleep">Sleep</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Human_sexuality" title="Category:Human sexuality">Human sexuality</A></LI></UL></DIV><DIV id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <UL><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1728_Cyclopaedia" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1728 Cyclopaedia">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1728 Cyclopaedia</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_Cyclopaedia" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from Cyclopaedia">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from Cyclopaedia</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1728_Cyclopaedia_without_an_article_title_parameter" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1728 Cyclopaedia without an article title parameter">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1728 Cyclopaedia without an article title parameter</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pending_changes_protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia pending changes protected pages">Wikipedia pending changes protected pages</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2014" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2014">Use dmy dates from July 2014</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_April_2015" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from April 2015">Articles that may contain original research from April 2015</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_April_2015" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2015">Articles needing additional references from April 2015</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</A></LI><LI><A href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_GND_identifiers" title="Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers">Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers</A></LI></UL></DIV></DIV>				<DIV class="visualClear"></DIV>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
		<DIV id="mw-navigation">
			<H2>Navigation menu</H2>
			<DIV id="mw-head">
									<DIV id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label">
						<H3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</H3>
						<UL>
							<LI id="pt-anonuserpage">Not logged in</LI><LI id="pt-anontalk"><A href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]" accesskey="n">Talk</A></LI><LI id="pt-anoncontribs"><A href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</A></LI><LI id="pt-createaccount"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bed" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</A></LI><LI id="pt-login"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bed" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]" accesskey="o">Log in</A></LI>						</UL>
					</DIV>
									<DIV id="left-navigation">
										<DIV id="p-namespaces" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label">
						<H3 id="p-namespaces-label">Namespaces</H3>
						<UL>
							<LI id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><SPAN><A href="/wiki/Bed" title="View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]" accesskey="c">Article</A></SPAN></LI><LI id="ca-talk"><SPAN><A href="/wiki/Talk:Bed" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]" accesskey="t">Talk</A></SPAN></LI>						</UL>
					</DIV>
										<DIV id="p-variants" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label">
												<H3 id="p-variants-label" tabindex="0">
							<SPAN>Variants</SPAN>
						</H3>
						<DIV class="menu">
							<UL>
															</UL>
						</DIV>
					</DIV>
									</DIV>
				<DIV id="right-navigation">
										<DIV id="p-views" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label">
						<H3 id="p-views-label">Views</H3>
						<UL>
							<LI id="ca-view" class="collapsible selected"><SPAN><A href="/wiki/Bed">Read</A></SPAN></LI><LI id="ca-viewsource" class="collapsible"><SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Bed&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [ctrl-alt-e]" accesskey="e">View source</A></SPAN></LI><LI id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Bed&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]" accesskey="h">View history</A></SPAN></LI>						</UL>
					</DIV>
										<DIV id="p-cactions" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label">
						<H3 id="p-cactions-label" tabindex="0"><SPAN>More</SPAN></H3>
						<DIV class="menu">
							<UL>
															</UL>
						</DIV>
					</DIV>
										<DIV id="p-search" role="search">
						<H3>
							<LABEL for="searchInput">Search</LABEL>
						</H3>
						<FORM action="/w/index.php" id="searchform">
							<DIV id="simpleSearch">
								<INPUT type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" title="Search Wikipedia [ctrl-alt-f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" tabindex="1" autocomplete="off" /><INPUT type="hidden" value="Special:Search" name="title" /><INPUT type="submit" name="go" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" id="searchButton" class="searchButton" />							</DIV>
						</FORM>
					</DIV>
									</DIV>
			</DIV>
			<DIV id="mw-panel">
				<DIV id="p-logo" role="banner"><A class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></A></DIV>
						<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-navigation" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label">
			<H3 id="p-navigation-label">Navigation</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI id="n-mainpage-description"><A href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]" accesskey="z">Main page</A></LI><LI id="n-contents"><A href="/wiki/Portal:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</A></LI><LI id="n-featuredcontent"><A href="/wiki/Portal:Featured_content" title="Featured content – the best of Wikipedia">Featured content</A></LI><LI id="n-currentevents"><A href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</A></LI><LI id="n-randompage"><A href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]" accesskey="x">Random article</A></LI><LI id="n-sitesupport"><A href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" title="Support us">Donate to Wikipedia</A></LI><LI id="n-shoplink"><A href="//shop.wikimedia.org" title="Visit the Wikipedia store">Wikipedia store</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-interaction" aria-labelledby="p-interaction-label">
			<H3 id="p-interaction-label">Interaction</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI id="n-help"><A href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</A></LI><LI id="n-aboutsite"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Find out about Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</A></LI><LI id="n-portal"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things">Community portal</A></LI><LI id="n-recentchanges"><A href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</A></LI><LI id="n-contactpage"><A href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact page</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-tb" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label">
			<H3 id="p-tb-label">Tools</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI id="t-whatlinkshere"><A href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Bed" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]" accesskey="j">What links here</A></LI><LI id="t-recentchangeslinked"><A href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Bed" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</A></LI><LI id="t-upload"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</A></LI><LI id="t-specialpages"><A href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</A></LI><LI id="t-permalink"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Bed&oldid=819667927" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</A></LI><LI id="t-info"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Bed&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</A></LI><LI id="t-wikibase"><A href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42177" title="Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</A></LI><LI id="t-cite"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Bed&id=819667927" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-coll-print_export" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label">
			<H3 id="p-coll-print_export-label">Print/export</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI id="coll-create_a_book"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bed">Create a book</A></LI><LI id="coll-download-as-rdf2latex"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Special:ElectronPdf&page=Bed&action=show-download-screen">Download as PDF</A></LI><LI id="t-print"><A href="/w/index.php?title=Bed&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label">
			<H3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label">In other projects</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons"><A href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Beds" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</A></LI><LI class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote"><A href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Beds" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</A></LI>				</UL>
							</DIV>
		</DIV>
			<DIV class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-lang" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label"><SPAN class="uls-settings-trigger" title="Language settings" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"></SPAN>
			<H3 id="p-lang-label">Languages</H3>
			<DIV class="body">
								<UL>
					<LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace"><A href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peuratah" title="Peuratah – Achinese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af"><A href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed" title="Bed – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><A href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="سرير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as"><A href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="বিচনা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast"><A href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cama" title="Cama – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn"><A href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupa" title="Tupa – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><A href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87arpay%C4%B1" title="Çarpayı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><A href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="বিছানা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><A href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhn%CC%82g" title="Chhn̂g – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="zh-min-nan" hreflang="zh-min-nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><A href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Ложак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><A href="https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Ложак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-x-old" hreflang="be-x-old" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><A href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Легло – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br"><A href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwele" title="Gwele – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><A href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llit" title="Llit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><A href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postel" title="Postel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn"><A href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubhedha" title="Mubhedha – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><A href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwely" title="Gwely – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><A href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng" title="Seng – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><A href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bett" title="Bett – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb"><A href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3stola" title="Póstola – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><A href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voodi" title="Voodi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><A href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Κρεβάτι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml"><A href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAt" title="Lêt – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="eml" hreflang="eml" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><A href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cama" title="Cama – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><A href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lito" title="Lito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><A href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohe" title="Ohe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><A href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="تختخواب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><A href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit_(mobilier)" title="Lit (mobilier) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy"><A href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AAd" title="Bêd – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><A href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaba" title="Leaba – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><A href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cama" title="Cama – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><A href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%A8%EB%8C%80" title="침대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><A href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="पलंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb"><A href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81o%C5%BEo" title="Łožo – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><A href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postelja" title="Postelja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><A href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranjang" title="Ranjang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><A href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAm_(h%C3%BAsgagn)" title="Rúm (húsgagn) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><A href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letto" title="Letto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><A href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%94" title="מיטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><A href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhipan" title="Dhipan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Jawa</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn"><A href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86" title="ಹಾಸಿಗೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb"><A href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3%C5%BCk%C3%B2" title="Łóżkò – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw"><A href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitanda" title="Kitanda – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht"><A href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabann" title="Kabann – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku"><A href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niv%C3%AEn" title="Nivîn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><A href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectus" title="Lectus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><A href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulta" title="Gulta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><A href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bett" title="Bett – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><A href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lova" title="Lova – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo"><A href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magavosija" title="Magavosija – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo"><A href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecc" title="Lecc – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lumbaart</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><A href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81gy" title="Ágy – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><A href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD" title="കട്ടിൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><A href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katil" title="Katil – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo"><A href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ACng-ch%C3%B2ng" title="Mìng-chòng – Min Dong Chinese" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><A href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed" title="Bed – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl"><A href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berre" title="Berre – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne"><A href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओछ्यान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new"><A href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="खाता – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><A href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%89" title="ベッド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><A href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng" title="Seng – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><A href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng" title="Seng – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm"><A href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llit" title="Llit – Norman" lang="nrm" hreflang="nrm" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><A href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3%C5%BCko" title="Łóżko – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><A href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cama" title="Cama – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><A href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat" title="Pat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu"><A href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawitu" title="Kawitu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><A href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Кровать – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><A href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed" title="Bed – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><A href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettu" title="Lettu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><A href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed" title="Bed – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><A href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poste%C4%BE" title="Posteľ – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><A href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postelja" title="Postelja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so"><A href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sariir" title="Sariir – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><A href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кревет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><A href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krevet" title="Krevet – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su"><A href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risbang" title="Risbang – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Sunda</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><A href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuode" title="Vuode – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><A href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4ng" title="Säng – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><A href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கட்டில் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><A href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="เตียง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg"><A href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D2%B3" title="Ҷойгаҳ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy"><A href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C3%A9e%C5%A1e-st%C3%B4tse" title="Šéeše-stôtse – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><A href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatak" title="Yatak – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><A href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ліжко – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za"><A href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbonq" title="Mbonq – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><A href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Giường – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><A href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higdaan" title="Higdaan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi"><A href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%98" title="בעט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><A href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%8A" title="床 – Cantonese" lang="zh-yue" hreflang="zh-yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg"><A href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luova" title="Luova – Samogitian" lang="bat-smg" hreflang="bat-smg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</A></LI><LI class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><A href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%8A" title="床 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</A></LI>				</UL>
				<DIV class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><SPAN class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><A href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42177#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</A></SPAN></DIV>			</DIV>
		</DIV>
				</DIV>
		</DIV>
				<DIV id="footer" role="contentinfo">
						<UL id="footer-info">
								<LI id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 January 2018, at 17:18.</LI>
								<LI id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <A rel="license" href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</A><A rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" style="display:none;"></A>;
additional terms may apply.  By using this site, you agree to the <A href="//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</A> and <A href="//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</A>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <A href="//www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</A>, a non-profit organization.</LI>
							</UL>
						<UL id="footer-places">
								<LI id="footer-places-privacy"><A href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-about"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-disclaimer"><A href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-contact"><A href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-developers"><A href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute">Developers</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><A href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</A></LI>
								<LI id="footer-places-mobileview"><A href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bed&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</A></LI>
							<LI style=""><A href="#">Enable previews</A></LI></UL>
										<UL id="footer-icons" class="noprint">
										<LI id="footer-copyrightico">
						<A href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/"><IMG src="/static/images/wikimedia-button.png" srcset="/static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x" width="88" height="31" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" /></A>					</LI>
										<LI id="footer-poweredbyico">
						<A href="//www.mediawiki.org/"><IMG src="/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31" /></A>					</LI>
									</UL>
						<DIV style="clear: both;"></DIV>
		</DIV>

<DIV class="suggestions" style="display: none; font-size: 13px;"><DIV class="suggestions-results"></DIV><DIV class="suggestions-special"></DIV></DIV><DIV id="mwe-popups-svg"><svg width="0" height="0"><defs><clipPath id="mwe-popups-mask"><polygon points="0 8, 10 8, 18 0, 26 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000"></polygon></clipPath><clipPath id="mwe-popups-mask-flip"><polygon points="0 8, 274 8, 282 0, 290 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000"></polygon></clipPath><clipPath id="mwe-popups-landscape-mask"><polygon points="0 8, 174 8, 182 0, 190 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000"></polygon></clipPath><clipPath id="mwe-popups-landscape-mask-flip"><polygon points="0 0, 1000 0, 1000 242, 190 242, 182 250, 174 242, 0 242"></polygon></clipPath></defs></svg></DIV></BODY></HTML>

document_title: Bed

token: Bed

token: wikipedia

token: This

token: is

token: the

token: latest

token: accepted

token: revision

token: reviewed

token: on

token: January

token: Jump

token: to

token: navigation

token: search

token: For

token: other

token: uses

token: see

token: disambiguation

token: Bedroom

token: Detmold

token: Open

token: air

token: Museum

token: premises

token: A

token: bed

token: a

token: piece

token: of

token: furniture

token: which

token: used

token: as

token: place

token: sleep

token: or

token: relax

token: Most

token: modern

token: beds

token: consist

token: soft

token: cushioned

token: mattress

token: frame

token: resting

token: either

token: solid

token: base

token: often

token: wood

token: slats

token: sprung

token: Many

token: include

token: box

token: spring

token: inner

token: large

token: sized

token: containing

token: and

token: springs

token: that

token: provide

token: additional

token: support

token: српскохрватски

question_text: when did beds become popular in france and germany