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<TITLE>Seedless fruit - Wikipedia</TITLE>

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<H1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Seedless fruit</H1>			<DIV id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
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Seedless watermelon</DIV>
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<P>A <B>seedless fruit</B> is a <A href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</A> developed to possess no mature <A href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seeds</A>. As consumption of seedless fruits is generally easier and more convenient, they are considered commercially valuable.</P>
<P>Most commercially produced seedless fruits have been developed from plants whose fruits normally contain numerous relatively large hard seeds distributed throughout the flesh of the fruit.<SUP id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-1">[1]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-2">[2]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-3">[3]</A></SUP><SUP id="cite_ref-cropj2013_4-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-cropj2013-4">[4]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="Varieties">Varieties</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Seedless_fruit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Varieties">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P>Common varieties of seedless fruits include <A href="/wiki/Watermelon" title="Watermelon">watermelons</A>, <A href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-cropj2013_4-1" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-cropj2013-4">[4]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</A> (such as <A href="/wiki/Termarina_rossa" title="Termarina rossa">Termarina rossa</A><SUP id="cite_ref-Wine_Grapes_5-0" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-Wine_Grapes-5">[5]</A></SUP>), and <A href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">bananas</A>. Additionally, there are numerous seedless <A href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">citrus</A> fruits, such as <A href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">oranges</A>, <A href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemons</A> and <A href="/wiki/Lime_(fruit)" title="Lime (fruit)">limes</A>.</P>
<P>The term "seedless fruit" is biologically somewhat contradictory, since <A href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</A> are usually defined botanically as mature <A href="/wiki/Ovary_(plants)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovary (plants)">ovaries</A> containing seeds.</P>
<P>Seedless fruits can develop in one of two ways: either the fruit develops without <A href="/wiki/Fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilization">fertilization</A> (<A href="/wiki/Parthenocarpy" title="Parthenocarpy">parthenocarpy</A>), or <A href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">pollination</A> triggers fruit development, but the ovules or embryos abort without producing mature seeds (<A href="/wiki/Stenospermocarpy" title="Stenospermocarpy">stenospermocarpy</A>). Seedless banana and watermelon fruits are produced on <A href="/wiki/Triploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Triploid">triploid</A> plants, whose three sets of <A href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</A> make it very unlikely for <A href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">meiosis</A> to produce fertile <A href="/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete">gametes</A>. This is because one of the three copies of each chromosome can't pair with another appropriate chromosome before separating into daughter cells, so these extra third copies end up randomly distributed between the two daughter cells from meiosis 1, resulting in the (usually) swiftly lethal <A href="/wiki/Aneuploidy" title="Aneuploidy">aneuploidy</A> condition. Such plants can arise by spontaneous mutation or by hybridization between <A href="/wiki/Diploid#Diploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploid">diploid</A> and <A href="/wiki/Ploidy" title="Ploidy">tetraploid</A> individuals of the same or different species. Some species, such as <A href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomato</A>,<SUP id="cite_ref-cropj2013_4-2" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-cropj2013-4">[4]</A></SUP> <A href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</A>, and <A href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumber</A>, produce seedless fruit if not pollinated, but will produce seeded fruit if pollination occurs.</P>
<P>Lacking seeds, and thus the capacity to propagate via the fruit, the plants are generally propagated vegetatively from cuttings, by <A href="/wiki/Grafting" title="Grafting">grafting</A>, or in the case of bananas, from "pups" (<A href="/wiki/Offset_(botany)" title="Offset (botany)">offsets</A>). In such cases the resulting plants are genetically identical <A href="/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning">clones</A>. By contrast, seedless watermelons are grown from seeds. These seeds are produced by crossing diploid and tetraploid lines of watermelon, with the resulting seeds producing sterile triploid plants. Fruit development is triggered by pollination, so these plants must be grown alongside a diploid strain to provide pollen. Triploid plants with seedless fruits can also be produced using <A href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">endosperm</A> culture for the regeneration of triploid plantlets from endosperm tissue via <A href="/wiki/Somatic_embryogenesis" title="Somatic embryogenesis">somatic embryogenesis</A>.</P>
<P>One disadvantage of most seedless crops is a significant reduction in the amount of <A href="/wiki/Genetic_diversity" title="Genetic diversity">genetic diversity</A> in the species. As genetically identical clones, a pest or disease that affects one individual is likely capable of affecting each of its clones. For example, the vast majority of commercially produced bananas are cloned from a single source, the <I><A href="/wiki/Cavendish_banana" title="Cavendish banana">Cavendish</A></I> <A href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivar</A>, and those plants are currently threatened worldwide by a newly discovered fungal disease to which they are highly susceptible.<SUP id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><A href="#cite_note-6">[6]</A></SUP></P>
<H2><SPAN class="mw-headline" id="References">References</SPAN><SPAN class="mw-editsection"><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</SPAN><A href="/w/index.php?title=Seedless_fruit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</A><SPAN class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</SPAN></SPAN></H2>
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<LI id="cite_note-1"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-1"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Frost, H. B., <A href="/wiki/Robert_Soost" title="Robert Soost">Soost, R. K.</A> (1968) "Seed reproduction: development of gametes and embryos". In: <A href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Reuther_(taxonomist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Reuther (taxonomist) (page does not exist)">Reuther, W.</A> <A href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_John_Webber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri John Webber (page does not exist)">Webber, H. J.</A>, <A href="/wiki/Leon_Dexter_Batchelor" title="Leon Dexter Batchelor">Batchelor, L. D.</A> (eds) <A href="/wiki/The_Citrus_Industry_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Citrus Industry (book)"><I>The Citrus Industry</I></A>, vol. II: 290-324 University of California Press, Berkeley, California.</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-2"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-2"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">Gmitter, F. G., Jr., Ling, X. (1991) <I>Embryogenesis in vitro and nonchimeric tetraploid plant recovery from undeveloped Citrus ovules treated with colchicine</I>. <I>J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci</I> 116: 317-321</SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-3"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-3"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><A href="/wiki/Robert_Soost" title="Robert Soost">Soost, R. K.</A>, Cameron, J. W. (1985) "'Melogold' a triploid Pummelo-grapefruit hybrid<I>.</I> HortScience <I>20 :1134-1135</I></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-cropj2013-4"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <A href="#cite_ref-cropj2013_4-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </SPAN><SUP><I><B>a</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-cropj2013_4-1"><SUP><I><B>b</B></I></SUP></A> <A href="#cite_ref-cropj2013_4-2"><SUP><I><B>c</B></I></SUP></A></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE id="CITEREFNowicki2013" class="citation">Nowicki, Marcin; et al. (26 October 2013), <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cropj.com/kozik_7_13_2013_2154_2161.pdf"><I>More than meets the eye: A multi-year expressivity analyses of tomato sterility in ps and ps-2 lines</I></A> <SPAN style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</SPAN>, Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(13):2154-2161; Southern Cross Publishing<SPAN class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <SPAN class="nowrap">2013-10-29</SPAN></SPAN></CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More+than+meets+the+eye%3A+A+multi-year+expressivity+analyses+of+tomato+sterility+in+ps+and+ps-2+lines&rft.pub=Australian+Journal+of+Crop+Science%2C+7%2813%29%3A2154-2161%3B+Southern+Cross+Publishing&rft.date=2013-10-26&rft.aulast=Nowicki&rft.aufirst=Marcin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cropj.com%2Fkozik_7_13_2013_2154_2161.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeedless+fruit" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-Wine_Grapes-5"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-Wine_Grapes_5-0"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text">J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz <I>Wine Grapes - A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours</I> pg 1047 Allen Lane 2012 <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-846-14446-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-846-14446-2">978-1-846-14446-2</A></SPAN></LI>
<LI id="cite_note-6"><SPAN class="mw-cite-backlink"><B><A href="#cite_ref-6"><SPAN class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </SPAN>^</A></B></SPAN> <SPAN class="reference-text"><CITE class="citation book">KOEPPEL, DAN (Dec 27, 2007). <A rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/299017/banana-by-dan-koeppel/9781101213919"><I>Banana, THE FATE OF THE FRUIT THAT CHANGED THE WORLD</I></A>. Plume. <A href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</A> <A href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781101213919" title="Special:BookSources/9781101213919">9781101213919</A>.</CITE><SPAN title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Banana%2C+THE+FATE+OF+THE+FRUIT+THAT+CHANGED+THE+WORLD&rft.pub=Plume&rft.date=2007-12-27&rft.isbn=9781101213919&rft.aulast=KOEPPEL&rft.aufirst=DAN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinrandomhouse.com%2Fbooks%2F299017%2Fbanana-by-dan-koeppel%2F9781101213919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeedless+fruit" class="Z3988"><SPAN style="display:none;"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></LI>
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document_title: Seedless fruit

token: Seedless

token: fruit

token: wikipedia

token: Jump

token: to

token: navigation

token: search

token: watermelon

token: A

token: seedless

token: is

token: a

token: developed

token: possess

token: no

token: mature

token: seeds

token: As

token: consumption

token: of

token: fruits

token: generally

token: easier

token: and

token: more

token: convenient

token: they

token: are

token: considered

token: commercially

token: valuable

token: Most

token: produced

token: have

token: been

token: from

token: plants

token: whose

token: normally

token: contain

token: numerous

token: relatively

token: large

token: hard

token: distributed

token: throughout

token: flesh

token: Varieties

token: edit

token: Common

token: varieties

token: include

token: watermelons

token: tomatoes

token: grapes

token: such

token: as

token: Termarina

token: rossa

token: bananas

token: Additionally

token: there

token: citrus

token: oranges

token: lemons

token: limes

token: The

token: term

question_text: what is the only fruit that does not have seeds