lsr:zea
type: Ontology
obo vocabulary:format-version: 1.0
obo vocabulary:date: 09:08:2005 16:02
obo vocabulary:saved-by: gwg
obo vocabulary:auto-generated-by: DAG-Edit 1.419 rev 3
obo vocabulary:default-namespace: zea_mays_anatomy
obo vocabulary:remark: autogenerated-by: DAG-Edit version 1.410
obo vocabulary:remark: saved-by: Leszek
obo vocabulary:remark: date: Thu Feb 12 16:13:57 CST 2004
obo vocabulary:remark: version: $Revision: 1.1 $

Derived/Develops from [obo:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: obo
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM
type: obo vocabulary:Resource
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: Derived/Develops from
type: Class

adaxial [zea:0015001]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015001
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: adaxial
type: Class
subclass of: leaf blade indumentum [zea:0015002]

leaf blade indumentum [zea:0015002]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015002
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf blade indumentum
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf blade [zea:0015027]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

leaf blade [zea:0015027]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015027
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf blade
type: Class
description: Expanded lateral outgrowth of the stem produced in succession from the growing point, and having a bud in its axil. The maize foliar leaf consists of 2 distict parts, the blade (lamina) (a flat portion extending away from the stem (culm), which is the distal part of the whole leaf, and the sheath (a basal part wrapped tightly around the stem), which is the proximal part of the whole leaf. At the junction of blade (lamina) and sheath is an indentation and a hinge of translucent tissue. Each leaf has a pair of auricles. The auricles are triangular portions of leaf tissue that are adjacent to the indentation (junction of leaf sheath with leaf blade). Each leaf has a ligule. The ligule is a thin collar of filmy tissue which grows semi perpendicularly from the junction of the leaf sheath and leaf blade on the adaxial (upper) surface of the leaf. [S. Poethig:1982. In W.F. Sheridan (ed.) , Maize for biological research , p.9-18. Plant Mol. Biol. Assn. , Charlottesville , VA.]
obo vocabulary:synonym: lamina
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:24740
obo vocabulary:xref analog: ZEA:0015059
obo vocabulary:part of: juvenile leaf [zea:0015059]
obo vocabulary:part of: adult leaf [zea:0015060]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

ligule projections [zea:0015003]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015003
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: ligule projections
type: Class
description: The ligule projections occur along the distal edge of the ligule and comprise numerous epidermal cell projections, forming a microscopic 'fringe' of projections.n [MaizeGDB:60922, MaizeGDB:165572]
obo vocabulary:synonym: ciliolate ligule
obo vocabulary:synonym: ligule apex
obo vocabulary:xref analog: DELTA:Grass Character List
obo vocabulary:part of: ligule [zea:0015009]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

ligule [zea:0015009]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015009
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: ligule
type: Class
description: The ligule in Zea mays is a protruding line of tissue on the inner/upper (adaxial) surface of the leaf at the boundary between the leaf-sheath and the leaf blade (lamina) - the ligular region of the leaf. This unique line of epidermal tissue appears to be composed of 'fused hairs'. The ligule is oriented almost perpendicular to the adjacent leaf surface. [M. Freeling & B. Lane:1994. The Maize Leaf. In M. Freeling & V. Walbot (eds.) (1994). The Maize Handbook. Springer-Verlag , New York , ISBN 3-540-97826-7, A. Fahn:(1982). Plant Anatomy , p.244-245 , ISBN 0-08-028029-3, Gibbs Russell et al.:(1990). Grasses of Southern Africa , ISBN 0-620-14846-2, MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:64473
obo vocabulary:part of: juvenile leaf [zea:0015059]
obo vocabulary:part of: adult leaf [zea:0015060]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lateral vein [zea:0015004]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015004
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lateral vein
type: Class
description: The lateral veins make up the majority of the vasculature of the leaf sheath. They occur on either side of the midvein (which is only distinguishable from the lateral veins on the basis of position). [MaizeGDB:60922, MaizeGDB:165572]
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf sheath venation [zea:0015039]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

leaf sheath venation [zea:0015039]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015039
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf sheath venation
type: Class
description: The vascular tissue which forms distinct veins in the leaf sheath. The midvein is seemingly the same diameter as the lateral veins and is indistinguishable from the lateral veins except on the basis of location. [2222:33333]
obo vocabulary:synonym: vasculature
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:pending
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf sheath [zea:0015024]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

midvein [zea:0015005]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015005
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: midvein
type: Class
description: The midvein in the leaf sheath region of the leaf is seemingly the same diameter as the neighboring lateral veins and is indistinguishable from the lateral veins except on the basis of position. [MaizeGDB:60922]
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf sheath venation [zea:0015039]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

bulliform cell [zea:0015006]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015006
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: bulliform cell
type: Class
subclass of: cell type [zea:0015014]

cell type [zea:0015014]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015014
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: cell type
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: whole plant [zea:0015037]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

ligule appearance [zea:0015007]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015007
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: ligule appearance
type: Class
description: The ligule is a unique line of epidermal tissue and appears to be composed of 'fused hairs'. The ligule is oriented almost perpendicular to the adjacent leaf surface. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: ligule [zea:0015009]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

short cell [zea:0015008]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015008
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: short cell
type: Class
description: silica and cork short cells. [MaizeGDB:60922]
subclass of: cell type [zea:0015014]

juvenile leaf [zea:0015059]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015059
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: juvenile leaf
type: Class
description: Juvenile leaves are distinct from adult leaves in maize. The juvenile vs adult status is characterized by particular anatomical traits: wax and hair distribution, presence or absence of epidermal cell types, cell wall shape and biochemistry. The juvenile leaves include the oldest leaves. The first 5 juvenile leaves are representative of the 5 embryonic leaves found in the maize kernel (caryopsis). The distinctness of these 5 embryonic leaves is not yet represented in the ontology. The change from juvenile- phase to adult-phase leaves is gradual. [MaizeGDB:lv, Sylvester et al.:American Journal of Botany 88(12) 2157-2167 , 2001, Freeling & Lane:The Maize Leaf. In The Maize Handbook , ISBN 0387978267]
subclass of: leaf [zea:0015031]

adult leaf [zea:0015060]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015060
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: adult leaf
type: Class
description: The adult leaves are above the juvenile (oldest) leaves. Adult leaves are distinct from juvenile leaves in maize. The juvenile vs adult status is characterized by particular anatomical traits: wax and hair distribution, presence or absence of epidermal cell types, cell wall shape and biochemistry. The change from juvenile-phase to adult-phase leaves is gradual. [MaizeGDB:lv, Sylvester et al.:American Journal of Botan 88(12) 2157-2167 , 2001, Freeling & Lane:The Maize Leaf. In The Maize Handbook. ISBN 0387978267]
subclass of: leaf [zea:0015031]

intercostal long cell [zea:0015010]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015010
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: intercostal long cell
type: Class
subclass of: cell type [zea:0015014]

leaf blade cuticle [zea:0015011]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015011
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf blade cuticle
type: Class
description: Provide defn. [***:*****]
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:45980
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf blade [zea:0015027]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

costal long cell [zea:0015012]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015012
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: costal long cell
type: Class
subclass of: cell type [zea:0015014]

auricular trichomes [zea:0015013]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015013
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: auricular trichomes
type: Class
description: Trichomes (hairs) which are present at the distal and proximal ends of the margin of the auricle. [MaizeGDB:165572]
obo vocabulary:synonym: auricular setae
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:165572
subclass of: leaf blade auricles [zea:0015035]

leaf blade auricles [zea:0015035]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015035
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf blade auricles
type: Class
description: Leaf blade auricles are small appendages (portion of leaf tissue) in the collar area of the leaf (proximal end (base) of the lamina (leaf blade)) immediately lateral to the ligule. In Zea mays the auricles appear to arise from the 'collar' tissue of the leaf blade. Each auricle has an equilateral triangular shape. The base of the triangle forming the proximal margin of the leaf, the upper equilateral side being the boundary of the proximal region of the leaf blade. The lower equilateral side being the boundary of the distal edge of the leaf sheath. There are two auricles on each adult leaf of Zea mays. The auricular tissue extends from the adaxial to the abaxial surfaces of the lamina. [MaizeGDB:60922, ISBN:0620148462, MaizeGDB:165572]
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf blade [zea:0015027]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

whole plant [zea:0015037]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015037
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: whole plant
type: Class
subclass of: Zea mays Plant Structure Ontology [zea:0015036]

abaxial indumentum [zea:0015015]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015015
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: abaxial indumentum
type: Class
subclass of: macrohair [zea:0015040]

macrohair [zea:0015040]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015040
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: macrohair
type: Class
description: Trichome produced in midrib region on adaxial surface of mature leaf. [MaizeGDB:60922]
obo vocabulary:part of: adaxial indumentum [zea:0015017]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

intermediate vein [zea:0015016]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015016
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: intermediate vein
type: Class
description: A vein that arises from one of the primary intermediate veins and conducts in a basipetal direction. [MaizeGDB:60922, MaizeGDB:165572]
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf blade venation [zea:0015033]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

leaf blade venation [zea:0015033]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015033
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf blade venation
type: Class
description: Provide defn. [2222:33333]
obo vocabulary:synonym: Vasculature
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf blade [zea:0015027]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

adaxial indumentum [zea:0015017]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015017
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: adaxial indumentum
type: Class
subclass of: leaf sheath indumentum [zea:0015021]

leaf sheath indumentum [zea:0015021]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015021
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf sheath indumentum
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf sheath [zea:0015024]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

abaxial [zea:0015018]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015018
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: abaxial
type: Class
subclass of: leaf blade epidermis [zea:0015042]

leaf blade epidermis [zea:0015042]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015042
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf blade epidermis
type: Class
description: Provide defn. [****:*****]
obo vocabulary:synonym: Leaf epidermis
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:104000
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf blade [zea:0015027]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

adaxial [zea:0015019]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015019
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: adaxial
type: Class
subclass of: leaf blade epidermis [zea:0015042]

prickle hair [zea:0015020]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015020
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: prickle hair
type: Class
subclass of: cell type [zea:0015014]
obo vocabulary:part of: abaxial [zea:0015018]
obo vocabulary:part of: adaxial [zea:0015019]

leaf sheath [zea:0015024]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015024
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf sheath
type: Class
description: The proximal (basal) portion of the leaf that initiates at the culm node and wraps around the stem and extending to the ligule (adaxial surface) and collar (abaxial surface) regions of the leaf. Distal to this junction region is the lamina (leaf blade). [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:13810
obo vocabulary:part of: juvenile leaf [zea:0015059]
obo vocabulary:part of: adult leaf [zea:0015060]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

leaf blade margin [zea:0015022]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015022
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf blade margin
type: Class
description: Provide definition [****:****]
obo vocabulary:synonym: Leaf margin
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:65488
obo vocabulary:xref analog: XXX:12345
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf blade [zea:0015027]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

microhair [zea:0015023]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015023
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: microhair
type: Class
description: Microhairs originate from one of the epidermal cells.... About 15um in length. [MaizeGDB:60922, MaizeGDB:165572]
subclass of: cell type [zea:0015014]
obo vocabulary:part of: abaxial [zea:0015018]
obo vocabulary:part of: adaxial [zea:0015019]

auricle epidermis [zea:0015025]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015025
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: auricle epidermis
type: Class
description: The epidermal tissue that is coincident with the auricular region of the lamina. [MaizeGDB:60922, MaizeGDB:165572]
subclass of: leaf blade auricles [zea:0015035]

intermediate vein [zea:0015026]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015026
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: intermediate vein
type: Class
description: A vein that arises from the midvein or one of the lateral veins. Usually only one intermediate vein can be found between any adjacent pair of lateral veins. [MaizeGDB:60922, MaizeGDB:165572]
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf sheath venation [zea:0015039]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

phyllotaxy [zea:0015028]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015028
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: phyllotaxy
type: Class
description: Provide a definition for this. [ZEA:Provide a defn. for this.]
obo vocabulary:synonym: Arrangement
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:163501
subclass of: leaf blade [zea:0015027]

primary intermediate vein [zea:0015029]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015029
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: primary intermediate vein
type: Class
description: A vein that arises from the midvein or one of the lateral veins. [MaizeGDB:60922, MaizeGDB:165572]
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf blade venation [zea:0015033]
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf sheath venation [zea:0015039]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lateral vein [zea:0015030]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015030
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lateral vein
type: Class
description: One of the many veins which traverse the length of the leaf, running parallel to the midrib. [MaizeGDB:60922]
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf blade venation [zea:0015033]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

leaf [zea:0015031]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015031
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf
type: Class
description: The Zea mays leaf consists of 3 parts: the sheath which envelops the culm; the blade (lamina) which extends from the sheath; the collar and ligule located at the junction of the sheath and the blade (lamina). Ref.: Gibbs Russell et al. 1990, Grasses of southern Africa, p.7; ISBN: 0-620-14846-2. [MaizeGDB:lv]
subclass of: organ [zea:0015050]

organ [zea:0015050]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015050
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: organ
type: Class
description: A natural part or structure in a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole; as, the root, stem, leaves etc, are organs of plants. [:http //cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?query=organ]
obo vocabulary:part of: whole plant [zea:0015037]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

midvein [zea:0015032]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015032
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: midvein
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf blade venation [zea:0015033]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

root [zea:0015034]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015034
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: root
type: Class
description: The root system of Zea mays is a complex organ. While most of it arises from the basal portion of the plant below ground, a considerable number of above-ground adventitious roots also contribute significantly to the volume of the root system. below-ground [MaizeGDB:lv]
obo vocabulary:part of: sporophyte [zea:0015177]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

sporophyte [zea:0015177]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015177
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: sporophyte
type: Class
subclass of: whole plant [zea:0015037]

Zea mays Plant Structure Ontology [zea:0015036]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015036
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: Zea mays Plant Structure Ontology
type: Class
description: The Zea mays Plant Structure Ontology consists of controlled vocabulary terms for Zea mays anatomy (including morphology). Note that the name Plant Structure Ontology is used in preference to Anatomy Ontology as plant scientists differ on the appropriate use of the term 'anatomy'. In the strict sense 'anatomy' includes 'morphology'. However, some plant scientists relate more easily to external features being termed morphology & internal features being termed anatomy. To overcome possible misunderstanding 'Plant Structure' is being used as the preferred term with 'Anatomy (incl. morphology)' as a synonym. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572]
obo vocabulary:synonym: anatomy (including morphology)
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID#165572)
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

leaf blade angle [zea:0015041]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015041
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf blade angle
type: Class
description: Provide defn. [****:*****]
obo vocabulary:synonym: Leaf angle
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:69813
subclass of: leaf blade [zea:0015027]

leaf blade midrib [zea:0015043]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015043
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf blade midrib
type: Class
description: Provide defn. [****:*****]
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:64474
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf blade [zea:0015027]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

subsidiary cell [zea:0015044]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015044
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: subsidiary cell
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: stomatal complex [zea:0015048]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

stomatal complex [zea:0015048]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015048
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: stomatal complex
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: abaxial [zea:0015018]
obo vocabulary:part of: adaxial [zea:0015019]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

leaf blade color [zea:0015045]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015045
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf blade color
type: Class
description: Provide defn. [****:*****]
obo vocabulary:synonym: Leaf color
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:246363
subclass of: leaf blade [zea:0015027]

guard cell [zea:0015046]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015046
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: guard cell
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: stomatal complex [zea:0015048]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

leaf blade apex [zea:0015047]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015047
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf blade apex
type: Class
description: Provide defn. [***:*****]
obo vocabulary:synonym: Leaf tip
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:24738
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf blade [zea:0015027]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

macrohair [zea:0015049]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015049
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: macrohair
type: Class
description: Trichome found in the midrib region on the adaxial surface of a mature leaf. [MaizeGDB:60922]
subclass of: microhair [zea:0015023]
obo vocabulary:part of: adaxial [zea:0015019]

leaf sheath oral hairs [zea:0015051]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015051
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf sheath oral hairs
type: Class
description: The trichomes (hairs) that occur at the margin of the distal end of the leaf sheath - adjacent to the base of the ligule and the proximal edge of the auricular region. [MaizeGDB:60922, MaizeGDB:165572]
subclass of: leaf sheath [zea:0015024]
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf sheath indumentum [zea:0015021]

leaf blade collar [zea:0015052]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015052
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf blade collar
type: Class
description: The line of yellow tissue between the leaf sheath and the lamina on the abaxial surface of the leaf (equivalent to the proximal edge of the auricular region). [Chapman:ISBN 0851991114]
obo vocabulary:xref analog: MaizeDB:pending
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf blade [zea:0015027]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

abaxial indumentum [zea:0015053]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015053
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: abaxial indumentum
type: Class
description: Covering, usually of hairs (trichomes) on the surface. [MaizeGDB:165572]
subclass of: ligule indumentum [zea:0015057]

ligule indumentum [zea:0015057]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015057
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: ligule indumentum
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: ligule [zea:0015009]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

microhair [zea:0015054]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015054
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: microhair
type: Class
description: Microhairs originate from one of the epidermal cells.... [MaizeGDB:60922]
obo vocabulary:part of: adaxial indumentum [zea:0015017]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

adaxial indumentum [zea:0015055]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015055
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: adaxial indumentum
type: Class
description: Covering, usually of hairs (trichomes) on the surface. [MaizeGDB:lv 165572]
subclass of: ligule indumentum [zea:0015057]

abaxial [zea:0015056]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015056
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: abaxial
type: Class
subclass of: leaf blade indumentum [zea:0015002]

ligule consistency [zea:0015058]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015058
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: ligule consistency
type: Class
description: This descriptor refers to whether the ligule is hyaline, membranous, scarious... [MaizeGDB:165572, DELTA:Grass Character List]
obo vocabulary:part of: ligule [zea:0015009]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

primary root [zea:0015061]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015061
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: primary root
type: Class
description: The primary root (radicle or tap root) is the initial root structure which emerges from the embryo of the caryopsis (kernel/seed). The primary root is formed early during embryogenesis, becoming defined as a distinctive region 10-15 days after pollination. The primary root is enclosed by a protective ensheathing structure, the coleorhiza. A variable number of adventitious lateral roots arise from the primary root (these are not formed during embryogenesis). See 'lateral root' for further information on lateral roots (seminal lateral roots). These lateral roots arise at varying points behind the zone of root hair formation on the primary root. The primary root is always present (except when killed by some injury e.g. freezing). [MaizeGDB:lv, Feldman , in Freeling & Walbot (eds) , The Maize Handbook , ID # 60920:< new dbxref>]
obo vocabulary:synonym: radicle
subclass of: root [zea:0015034]

seminal root system [zea:0015062]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015062
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: seminal root system
type: Class
description: The seminal root system consists of the adventitious lateral roots which are present in the ungerminated caryopsis (kernel, seed) - they are formed during embryogenesis. The adventitious seminal lateral roots arise from 3 to 7 seminal root primordia. These primordia originate 30-40 days postanthesis, and emerge between the scutellum and the first internode. The adventitious seminal lateral root system, the primary root and its associated adventitious lateral roots, forms a small part of the total root system of the plant. These roots are of greatest importance during the early growth of the seedling before the adventitious crown roots of higher internodes become well established. [MaizeGDB:lv, Feldman in Freeling & Walbot (eds) , 1994. The Maize Handbook , ID # 60920:< new dbxref>, Kiesselbach , ID # 59445:< new dbxref>, Poethig in Sheridan , WF (ed) , 1982. Maize for Biological Research , ID # 25744:< new dbxref>]
obo vocabulary:synonym: seedling root system
obo vocabulary:synonym: seminal lateral roots
obo vocabulary:synonym: temporary roots
subclass of: root [zea:0015034]

adventitious root system [zea:0015063]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015063
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: adventitious root system
type: Class
description: The adventitious root system consists of all those roots that arise in the basal intercalary meristem of the lower internodes (above the first internode) of the culm (stem). The adventitious root system comprises the bulk of the lateral roots of the maize plant. There are two spatial components of the adventitious root system. 1. A subterranean (below-ground) origin; 2. An aerial (above-ground) origin. The subterranean adventitious roots are frequently called crown roots because they originate from the basal portion of the growing stem known as the crown. The first crown roots (4-5), arranged in a whorl, appear at the base of the second internode about as soon as the tip of the coleoptile reaches the soil surface. A few of the subsequent higher internodes may have a similar number of crown roots (in whorls), after which the successive internodes have more and larger crown roots up to 2-3 internodes above the soil surface. Note that the crown roots of the adventitious root system may appear to arise from the nodes of the culm but careful inspection will reveal their origin from the very base of the internode, frequently disrupting the leaf sheath tissue that arises from the node immediately below the whorl of crown roots. Those crown roots which are initially aerial in position relative to the soil surface are termed 'brace' or 'prop' roots. Until each prop root reaches the soil, it remains unbranched and relatively rigid, and is usually covered by a mucilaginous substance that protects the aerial part of the root from drying (dessication). Note that once the brace / prop roots enter the soil they produce numerous lateral adventitious roots (see 'root branches'). The subterranean crown roots produce numerous lateral adventitious roots early in their development. The crown roots arising from internodes 2 to approximately 5 tend to grow horizontally for some distance before turning downward. The crown roots from the base of the higher internodes (appearing later in the…
obo vocabulary:synonym: brace roots
obo vocabulary:synonym: crown roots
obo vocabulary:synonym: permanent roots
obo vocabulary:synonym: prop roots
subclass of: root [zea:0015034]

seminal lateral root [zea:0015064]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015064
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: seminal lateral root
type: Class
description: Some of the lateral roots of the maize plant comprise the seminal root system. These lateral roots are present in the ungerminated caryopsis (kernel, seed) - they are formed during embryogenesis. The seminal lateral roots arise from 3 to 7 seminal root primordia. These primordia originate 30-40 days post-anthesis, and emerge between the scutellum and the first internode. While these lateral roots comprise the seminal root system they are also part of the adventitious root system. [MaizeGDB:lv, Feldman in Freeling & Walbot (eds) , 1994. The Maize Handbook , ID # 60920:< new dbxref>, Kiesselbach , ID # 59445:< new dbxref>, Poethig in Sheridan , WF (ed) , 1982. Maize for Biological Research , ID # 25744:< new dbxref>]
obo vocabulary:comment: Re-defined lateral root & seminal lateral root & re-alligned their parentage to be more accurate. Still not sure about the relationship type for seminal lateral root (is it IS-A?). Same goes for seminal lateral root system relationship to adventitious root system - seems to be both IS-A & Part-Of ???
subclass of: seminal root system [zea:0015062]
subclass of: adventitious root system [zea:0015063]

lateral root [zea:0015065]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015065
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lateral root
type: Class
description: These (adventitious) lateral roots emerge from the primary root (radicle, tap root) at varying points behind the zone of root hair formation. They originate from the pericycle. They are not present during embyogenesis. [MaizeGDB:lv, Feldman in Freeling & Walbot (eds) , 1994. The Maize Handbook , ID # 60920:< new dbxref>, Poethig in Sheridan , WF (ed) , 1982. Maize for Biological Research , ID # 25744:< new dbxref>]
obo vocabulary:part of: primary root [zea:0015061]
obo vocabulary:part of: adventitious root system [zea:0015063]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

crown roots [zea:0015066]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015066
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: crown roots
type: Class
description: There are two spatial components of the adventitious root system. 1. A subterranean (below-ground) origin; 2. An aerial (above-ground) origin. The subterranean adventitious roots are frequently called crown roots because they originate from the basal portion of the growing stem known as the crown. The first crown roots (4-5), arranged in a whorl, appear at the base of the second internode about as soon as the tip of the coleoptile reaches the soil surface. A few of the subsequent higher internodes may have a similar number of crown roots (in whorls), after which the successive internodes have more and larger crown roots up to 2-3 internodes above the soil surface. Note that the crown roots of the adventitious root system may appear to arise from the nodes of the culm but careful inspection will reveal their origin from the very base of the internode, frequently disrupting the leaf sheath tissue that arises from the node immediately below the whorl of crown roots. Those crown roots which are initially aerial in position relative to the soil surface are termed 'brace' or 'prop' roots. Until each prop root reaches the soil, it remains unbranched and relatively rigid, and is usually covered by a mucilaginous substance that protects the aerial part of the root from drying (desiccation). Note that once the brace / prop roots enter the soil they produce numerous lateral adventitious roots (see 'root branches'). The subterranean crown roots produce numerous lateral adventitious roots early in their development. The crown roots arising from internodes 2 to approximately 5 tend to grow horizontally for some distance before turning downward. The crown roots from the base of the higher internodes (appearing later in the growing season) grow downward immediately after initiation. [MaizeGDB:lv]
subclass of: adventitious root system [zea:0015063]

subterranean crown roots [zea:0015067]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015067
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: subterranean crown roots
type: Class
description: The subterranean crown roots are a component of the adventitious root system. They are termed crown roots because they originate from the basal portion of the growing stem known as the crown. The first subterranean crown roots (4-5), arranged in a whorl, appear at the base of the second internode about as soon as the tip of the coleoptile reaches the soil surface. A few of the subsequent higher internodes may have a similar number of crown roots (in whorls), after which the successive internodes have more and larger crown roots up to 2-3 internodes above the soil surface. Note that the crown roots above the soil surface (aerial) are frequently called 'brace' or 'prop' roots. The crown roots emerge from the extreme base of the internode. The subterranean crown roots produce numerous lateral adventitious roots (see 'root branches') early in their development. The crown roots arising from internodes 2 to approximately 5 tend to grow horizontally for some distance before turning downward. The crown roots from the base of the higher internodes (appearing later in the growing season) grow downward immediately after initiation. [MaizeGDB:lv, Feldman in Freeling & Walbot (eds) , 1994. The Maize Handbook , ID # 60920:< new dbxref>, Kiesselbach , ID # 59445:< new dbxref>, Poethig in Sheridan , WF (ed) , 1982. Maize for Biological Research , ID # 25744:< new dbxref>]
obo vocabulary:synonym: permanent roots
obo vocabulary:part of: crown roots [zea:0015066]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

prop roots [zea:0015068]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015068
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: prop roots
type: Class
description: Prop ('brace') roots are crown roots which have an aerial (above-ground) origin. They emerge from the extreme basal portion of 2-3 internodes above the soil surface. Their emergence frequently disrupts the leaf sheath tissue that arises from the node immediately below the whorl of prop crown roots. Until each prop root reaches the soil, it remains unbranched and relatively rigid, and is usually covered by a mucilaginous substance that protects the aerial part of the root from drying (dessication). Note that once the prop / brace roots enter the soil they produce numerous lateral adventitious roots (see 'root branches'). The crown roots arising from internodes 2 to approximately 5 tend to grow horizontally for some distance before turning downward. The crown roots from the base of the higher internodes (appearing later in the growing season) grow downward immediately after initiation. [MaizeGDB:lv, Feldman in Freeling & Walbot (eds) , 1994. The Maize Handbook , ID # 60920:< new dbxref>, Kiesselbach , ID # 59445:< new dbxref>, Poethig in Sheridan , WF (ed) , 1982. Maize for Biological Research , ID # 25744:< new dbxref>]
obo vocabulary:synonym: brace roots
obo vocabulary:part of: crown roots [zea:0015066]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

root branch [zea:0015069]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015069
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: root branch
type: Class
description: A root branch is an adventitious root that emerges from any of the various types of lateral root. Root branches arise at varying points behind (posterior to) the zone of root hair formation on the primary root. Root branches emerge from the surface of the main roots (the various types of lateral roots) at irregular intervals. When a root branches, the initial of each branch is formed from cells of the pericycle. Via cell division a bulging hemispherical mass of meristematic tissue is formed. The outer part of this forms the beginning of the rootcap, while the cells of the growing point are near the flat basal part of the hemispherical mass. During elongation the new root branch is forced through the adjoining tissues of the cortex of the originating root and emerges at the surface. As the xylem and phloem tissues are differentiated in the root branch they become joined to those of the originating root. [MaizeGDB:lv, Kiesselbach , ID # 59445:< new dbxref>]
obo vocabulary:part of: seminal lateral root [zea:0015064]
obo vocabulary:part of: lateral root [zea:0015065]
obo vocabulary:part of: subterranean crown roots [zea:0015067]
obo vocabulary:part of: prop roots [zea:0015068]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lateral branch internode [zea:0015070]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015070
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lateral branch internode
type: Class
description: The lateral branch internode is the region of the lateral branch which is bounded by a lateral branch node at each end. Lateral branch internodes are an integral part of the structure of the lateral branches (ear shoots). Lateral branch internodes are not biologically homologous with culm internodes, although they are colloquially referred to as 'internodes'. Notwithstanding this non-homology, the general anatomical structure of a typical internode consists of the following: a pithy interior comprised mainly of parenchyma with vascular bundles distributed throughout (as is typical of monocot stem vascular anatomy). In cross section (transverse section) the epidermis is the outer single layer of cells. The walls of the epidermal cells are considerably thickened, lignified and silicified. Immediately below the epidermis is a layer of sclerenchyma which varies from 1-10 cells in thickness. This sclerenchyma tissue does not form a continuous band underneath the epidermis but forms longitudinal bands or strips around the peripheral vascular bundles, alternating with strips of parenchyma beneath the rows of stomata. Within this discontinuous band of sclerenchyma are several rows of vascular bundles, each surrounded by a large amount of sclerenchyma. The peripheral bundles are smaller and are spaced much closer than those in the central part of the internode (in cross section) and are separated from each other and from the peripheral sclerenchyma by narrow tracts of parenchyma. The non-peripheral vascular bundles are surrounded by a bundle sheath, the cells of which are lignified and sclerenchymatous. The sclerenchymatous bundle sheath is much more developed opposite the phloem and xylem of each vascular bundle, forming phloem and xylem caps. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: ear shoot internode
obo vocabulary:synonym: internode
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:XXXXX
obo vocabulary:part of: lateral branch [zea:0015073]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lateral branch [zea:0015073]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015073
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lateral branch
type: Class
description: A lateral branch (often referred to as an ear shoot) of the corn plant bears the female inflorescence (flowering system). Each lateral branch arises from the development of a lateral (axillary) bud, adjacent to one of the nodes of the culm. The lateral branch is subtended by a leaf. After pollination via the silks and fertilization of the ovule within each functionally female floret, the lateral branch develops into the typical ear. The lateral branch arises from the culm (main stem/stalk) at a node. The portion of the lateral branch below the 'ear' is called the shank. The axillary buds arising from nodes above the soil surface terminate in a pistillate inflorescence (ear). Usually all soon degenerate except the upper one or two located about midway up the culm. The amount of growth before disintegration (senescence) varies as the axillary buds may either die without much development or form 'ears' several centimeters long which resemble the functional ears, until they senesce. [MaizeGDB:232442, MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572), MaizeGDB:59445]
obo vocabulary:synonym: axillary branch
obo vocabulary:synonym: ear shoot
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID#165572
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID#165572)
subclass of: organ [zea:0015050]

lateral branch axillary bud [zea:0015071]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015071
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lateral branch axillary bud
type: Class
description: a lateral branch axillary (lateral) bud is found in the axil of each of the husk leaves and the prophyll, which arise from the lateral branch nodes of the shank (proximal end of the lateral (axillary) branch(es)). All of the lateral branch axillary buds remain dormant throughout the life-span of the Zea mays plant. [MaizeGDB:59445, MaizeGDB:60893, MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: axillary bud
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID#165572)
obo vocabulary:part of: lateral branch [zea:0015073]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

culm [zea:0015072]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015072
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: culm
type: Class
description: the culm is equivalent to the stalk of the Zea mays plant. [MaizeGDB:58047]
subclass of: organ [zea:0015050]

shank [zea:0015074]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015074
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: shank
type: Class
description: The shank is the portion of the lateral branch below the ear. 8-14 modified leaves, called husks, are arranged up the shank in an alternate pattern and surround the developing ear. The basal husk leaf is termed the prophyll and is not homologous with the other husk leaves. Each husk leaf arises from a node along the length of the lateral branch. A dormant lateral (axillary) bud is found in the axil of each husk leaf. [MaizeGDB:232442, MaizeGDB:165572]
obo vocabulary:part of: lateral branch [zea:0015073]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

cob [zea:0015075]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015075
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: cob
type: Class
description: The central axis/core of the 'ear' (distal end of the lateral branch/ear shoot) upon which the kernels (caryopses) are borne. The cob is similar to the central spike of the tassel (male inflorescence) in that it produces multiple rows of paired spikelets (polystichous phyllotaxy). [MaizeGDB:60893, MaizeGDB:165572]
obo vocabulary:synonym: rachis
obo vocabulary:xref analog: ZEA:0015084
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:59445 (p. 53)
obo vocabulary:part of: lateral branch [zea:0015073]
obo vocabulary:part of: ear (functionally female inflorescence) [zea:0015084]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

ear (functionally female inflorescence) [zea:0015084]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015084
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: ear (functionally female inflorescence)
type: Class
description: The 'ear' is the distal part of a lateral (axillary) branch and bears the functionally-female florets in a highly contracted inflorescence. The upper one or two culm axillary buds (associated with the nodes of the culm (stalk)), located about midway on the culm, develop fully into short lateral branches, each terminating in a developing ear capable of producing mature kernels (caryopses). Each of the culm axillary buds is covered with about 8-14 modified leaves called husks, and a prophyll (the most basal modified leaf on the lateral branch). The ear branch (lateral branch, shank) consists of nodes and short internodes. The ear itself does not have lateral branches but its thick axis (called the cob), is similar to the central spike of the tassel in that it produces multiple longitudinal rows of paired spikelets (polystichous phyllotaxy). Each spikelet is ensheathed (enclosed) by a pair of glumes and contains only one functionally-female floret. Although two florets are initiated during spikelet ontogeny, only the upper floret develops; the lower floret aborts at an early stage of development. Both florets within a spikelet produce a lemma, but usually only the upper floret produces a palea. The palea of the lower floret either does not initiate or remains rudimentary. Each functionally-female floret produces an ovary with an elongated silk (style) covered with hairs (trichomes). Note that the culm axillary buds, which are not appropriately placed for full development, degenerate at an early stage. The amount of growth before degeneration/senescence occurs varies, as the buds may either die without much development or form ears several centimeters long, which resemble the functional ears until they senesce (die). From a perspective of developmental biology the ear is initially smooth. But numerous outgrowths (primordia) typically soon appear (in an acropetal direction) which become two lobed (spikelet pair primordium), each lobe finally giving rise to a spikelet (th…
obo vocabulary:synonym: pistillate inflorescence
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID#165572)
obo vocabulary:part of: lateral branch [zea:0015073]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

culm node [zea:0015076]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015076
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: culm node
type: Class
description: The culm nodes are regions of dense tissue appearing as slightly swollen regions along the length of the culm. The culms of typical eastern Nebraska corn plants consist of about 24 culm nodes (alternating with culm internodes). The number of culm nodes may vary according to regional type and environmental effects. Approximately 8 culm internodes remain very short (contracted) and subterranean, forming an inverted cone-shaped basal end of the culm (stem) known as the crown. Culm nodes are an integral part of the structure of the culm (stalk). Culm nodes are not biologically homologous with lateral branch nodes, although they are colloquially referred to as 'nodes'. Notwithstanding this non-homology, the general anatomical structure of a typical node consists of the following: the structure of nodes is more complicated than that of the internodes due to the branching and cross connections between the vascular bundles forming the nodal complex. The vascular bundles with their cross connections fill up most of the space of the node, so there is relatively little parenchyma. In the zone of leaf attachment at the culm nodes, the epidermis of the adjacent culm internodes becomes continuous over the attached leaf sheath. Not much elongation occurs in the culm nodes and no protoxylem lacunae are formed. The arrangement of the tissues in the vascular bundles is more irregular and no bundle caps are formed in the endosperm adjacent to the vascular tissue. As the vascular bundles enter a culm node from below, they enlarge in diameter and form cross connections, creating a tangled network which extends for several millimeters up into the adjacent internode. Many of the vascular bundles branch as they pass through the culm node, while some turn abruptly sideways for a short distance. Some vascular bundles pass from the culm node into the base of the leaf sheath. [MaizeGDB:59445, MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: node
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:64470
obo vocabulary:part of: culm [zea:0015072]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

prophyll [zea:0015077]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015077
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: prophyll
type: Class
description: The lowermost leaf on the short lateral (axillary) branch (shank) bearing the ear. The prophyll arises from the lateral (axillary) branch from the most proximal node and is positioned adjacent to the internode of the main culm. The prophyll is distinct from the husk leaves (non-homologous) in having two apices and two distinct midribs (keels; bikeeled). [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572), MaizeGDB:Clayton & Renvoiz ref ID #]
subclass of: leaf [zea:0015031]
obo vocabulary:part of: lateral branch [zea:0015073]

husk [zea:0015078]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015078
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: husk
type: Class
description: The husks are modified leaves which arise from the short lateral (axillary) branch (shank) bearing the ear. They surround the developing ear. The lower (outer) husks are arranged in a distichous pattern (opposite rows and alternate occurrence, like the foliar leaves) while the upper (inner) husks are polystichous in arrangement. Husks are considered to be somewhat homologous with the adult and juvenile leaves (foliar leaves). Vestiges of the ligular region and lamina (husk leaf, flag leaf) of the husk may be present. Some strains of maize (Zea mays) (e.g. sweet corn) produce husks with a prominent ligule and husk leaf (lamina), which are sometimes called flag leaves. Husks are relatively thin and flat, unlike the adult and juvenile foliar leaves. The sheaths of the husks are much broader and thinner than the sheaths of the foliar (ordinary) leaves. The venation lacks the presence of a distinct midvein, while lateral veins predominate throughout the husk. Each husk is attached to a unique lateral branch node on the shank (growing lateral (axillary) branch) of the ear. The lowermost husk on the shank, between the shank and the adjacent internode of the main culm, is a prophyll (ZEA:15077). It is easily confused as being a husk but the prophyll is not homologous with a husk. nnNote that the term husk is colloquially used for the modified leaf tissue which surrounds the ear and the term is seldom associated with husk ligule and husk leaf (flag leaf). However, botanically, the term husk should be used for the entire structure (fide Kiesselbach, 1949), comprising the husk sheath, husk ligule and husk leaf (the latter components frequently being very diminutive). The perspective that husks are somewhat homologous with the adult and juvenile leaves justifies the usage of the term husk sheath for the predominant portion of the husk which surrounds the ear. [MaizeGDB:Clayton & Renvoize ref ID #, MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572), http://www.harcourt.com/dictionary/def/4/9/6/3/4963600…
subclass of: leaf [zea:0015031]
obo vocabulary:part of: lateral branch [zea:0015073]

culm internode [zea:0015079]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015079
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: culm internode
type: Class
description: The culm internode is the region of the culm which is bounded by a culm node at each end. Culm internodes are an integral part of the structure of the culm. Typically the culm internodes are considered homologous with lateral branch internodes of the lateral branches (ear shoots). However, these two types of internodes are biologically distinct (non-homologous). Notwithstanding this non-homology, the general anatomical structure of a typical internode consists of the following: a pithy interior comprised mainly of parenchyma with vascular bundles distributed throughout (as is typical of monocot stem vascular anatomy). In cross section (transverse section) the epidermis is the outer single layer of cells. The walls of the epidermal cells are considerably thickened, lignified and silicified. Stomata are present in the epidermis but are less abundant than in the epidermis of leaves. Immediately below the epidermis is a layer of sclerenchyma which varies from 1-10 cells in thickness. This sclerenchyma tissue does not form a continuous band underneath the epidermis but forms longitudinal bands or strips around the peripheral vascular bundles, alternating with strips of parenchyma beneath the rows of stomata. Within this discontinuous band of sclerenchyma are several rows of vascular bundles, each surrounded by a large amount of sclerenchyma. The peripheral bundles are smaller and are spaced much closer than those in the central part of the internode (in cross section) and are separated from each other and from the peripheral sclerenchyma by narrow tracts of parenchyma. The non-peripheral vascular bundles are surrounded by a bundle sheath, the cells of which are lignified and sclerenchymatous. The sclerenchymatous bundle sheath is much more developed opposite the phloem and xylem of each vascular bundle, forming phloem and xylem caps. [MaizeGDB:59445, MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: internode
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:XXXXX
obo vocabulary:part of: culm [zea:0015072]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lateral branch node [zea:0015080]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015080
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lateral branch node
type: Class
description: The lateral branch nodes are regions of dense tissue appearing as slightly swollen regions along the length of the lateral branch. Lateral branch nodes are an integral part of the structure of the lateral branchs (ear shoots). Lateral branch internodes are not biologically homologous with culm nodes, although they are colloquially referred to as 'nodes'. Notwithstanding this non-homology, the general anatomical structure of a typical node consists of the following: the structure of nodes is more complicated than that of the internodes due to the branching and cross connections between the vascular bundles forming the nodal complex. The vascular bundles with their cross connections fill up most of the space of the node, so there is relatively little parenchyma. In the zone of husk and prophyll attachment at the lateral branch nodes, the epidermis of the adjacent lateral branch internodes becomes continuous over the prophyll and husk. Not much elongation occurs in the lateral branch nodes and no protoxylem lacunae are formed. The arrangement of the tissues in the vascular bundles is more irregular and no bundle caps are formed in the endosperm adjacent to the vascular tissue. As the vascular bundles enter a lateral branch node from below, they enlarge in diameter and form cross connections, creating a tangled network which extends for several millimeters along the length of the lateral branch. Many of the vascular bundles branch as they pass through the lateral branch node, while some turn abruptly sideways for a short distance. Some vascular bundles pass from the lateral branch node into the base of the prophyll of the sheathing base of the husk leaf. [MaizeGDB:59445, MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: ear shoot node
obo vocabulary:synonym: node
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:XXXXX
obo vocabulary:part of: lateral branch [zea:0015073]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

culm axillary bud [zea:0015081]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015081
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: culm axillary bud
type: Class
description: A culm axillary (lateral) bud is found in the axil of each leaf arising from the culm nodes. Most of the culm axillary buds remain dormant throughout the life-span of the Zea mays plant. It is usual for only the upper two culm axillary buds to each develop into a lateral branch bearing an ear (pistillate inflorescence). [MaizeGDB:59445, MaizeGDB:60893, MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: axillary bud
obo vocabulary:synonym: lateral bud
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:XXXXX
obo vocabulary:part of: culm [zea:0015072]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

mesocotyl [zea:0015082]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015082
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: mesocotyl
type: Class
description: The mesocotyl is the first culm internode of the maize culm. The mesocotyl is the culm internode below the plumule, between the coleoptile node and the scutellar node. This first culm internode is a very characteristic and unique feature of the Poaceae (alt. Gramineae). The first culm internode is frequently termed the 'mesocotyl' in the literature. This first culm internode is not evident 15 days after pollination, when the coleoptile node is virtually in contact with the scutellar node. Subsequent intercalary growth results in considerable lengthening of the first culm internode (mesocotyl) in the embryo. The internode between the scutellar node and coeoptile in the embryo and seedling of Poaceae (K. Esau. 1977. The Anatomy of Seed Plants, John Wiley & Sons) [MaizeGDB:208059, MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
subclass of: culm internode [zea:0015079]

leaf base attachment [zea:0015083]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015083
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf base attachment
type: Class
description: The attachment of the leaf to the node of the culm is via the base of the leaf sheath. The attachment of the leaf base is not in a circle but in a short spiral extending a little more than once around the culm (stem). The edge of the leaf which is attached lower on the culm (at a node) overlaps the other edge of the leaf which is attached to the culm slightly higher up. Note that the pattern of overlap alternates between successive leaves - each leaf sheath is rolled around the culm in the opposite direction from that of the preceding leaf. [MaizeGDB:59445, MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: leaf sheath [zea:0015024]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

tassel (functionally male inflorescence) [zea:0015085]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015085
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: tassel (functionally male inflorescence)
type: Class
description: The functionally-male flowering structure (staminate inflorescence) which terminates the culm (stem) of a Zea mays plant. The tassel is a branched inflorescence and consists of a central spike (rachis) and about 10-50 lateral branches. Many paired spikelets (pedicellate & sessile) arise from the central spike and lateral branches. The paired spikelets on the central spike occur in many ranks (longitudinal rows) around the central spike. The paired spikelets of the lateral branches are arranged in only two rows on the lower (adaxial) surface of each lateral branch. Each spikelet bears two male (staminate) florets, the upper and the lower floret. The development of the upper floret is about 2-3 days ahead of the lower floret (measured at anthesis). Each spikelet has a pair of leaf-like (bract-like) glumes, arising from the spikelet pedicel, which ensheath (encase) the two florets within. Within the glumes each floret is further enclosed by a pair of thin scale-like bracts - the lemma (located adjacent to the glume) and a palea (located opposite to the lemma and adjacent to the palea of the other floret in the spikelet). Within each floret, two of the three stamens are located adjacent to the margins of the palea; the third stamen is located adjacent to the midline of the lemma and is flanked by two lodicules. The two lodicules swell at the commencement of anthesis (period from floret opening to fertilization). This swelling forces apart the lemma and palea enclosing the floret, which facilitates the extrusion of the anthers via the elongation of the filaments. Following extrusion, the anthers dangle downward and shed pollen from an opening at the apex (tip) of each anther locule. The tassel exhibits an indeterminate growth pattern. Note that Zea mays is monoecious (separate male & female flowers/florets borne on the same plant). From a perspective of developmental biology the central axis and lateral branches of the tassel are at first smooth. But numerous outgrowths …
obo vocabulary:synonym: staminate inflorescence
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID#165572)
subclass of: organ [zea:0015050]

spikelet [zea:0015086]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015086
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: spikelet
type: Class
description: The spikelet is the basic unit of the grass inflorescence and each spikelet is usually subtended by a pair of leaf-like (bract-like) structures, called glumes, at its base. The two glumes are referred to as the lower glume and the upper glume. In Zea each spikelet of the tassel (staminate inflorescence) comprises two florets (flowers). Similarly each spikelet of the lateral branch (ear or pistillate inflorescence) contains initially two florets although one of these is usually arrested in its development very early on. Note that in both the staminate and pistillate inflorescences the spikelets occur in pairs (sessile & pedicellate spikelets), joined to a common pedicel. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
subclass of: organ [zea:0015050]
obo vocabulary:part of: ear (functionally female inflorescence) [zea:0015084]
obo vocabulary:part of: upper glume of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015111]

upper glume of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015111]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015111
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: upper glume of sessile spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The upper (inner) of the two leaf-like (bract-like) structures that subtend the base of the sessile spikelets of the tassel (staminate inflorescence). Note that each of the many paired spikelets of the tassel (staminate inflorescence) has an upper glume. Each spikelet is subtended by a pair of glumes (lower & upper glumes). [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015104]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lemma [zea:0015087]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015087
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lemma
type: Class
description: The penultimate bract-like structure that subtends the grass floret. The lemma is oriented in a position that is opposite the palea in each floret. The lemma arises from the floret pedicel immediately below the palea. See elsewhere for further information on the lemma associated with each individual floret of the male and female spikelets. Lemmas are considered to be homologous to the vegetative leaf. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
subclass of: leaf [zea:0015031]
obo vocabulary:part of: floret [zea:0015131]

floret [zea:0015131]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015131
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: floret
type: Class
description: The floret is the individual flower of the Zea mays plant. In the grass family (Poaceae, alt. Gramineae) each floret is typically bisexual (perfect), possessing both an androecium and a gynoecium. Each floret typically has a pair of bracts, the lemma and palea, which subtend the floret. It is important to note that In Zea mays the florets of the 'tassel' are functionally male (the female component (gynoecium) having aborted early on in development). The florets of the 'ear' are functionally female (the male components (androecium) having aborted early on in development). The possession of functionally male and functionally female florets (or flowers) on the same plant is a condition called monoecy. While Zea mays is functionally monoecious, the presence of both androecial and gynoecial tissue in the early stages of floret ontogeny is phylogenetically significant. Consequently, the androecium is represented in the florets of the ear and the gynoecium is represented in the florets of the tassel, even though either of these whorls is absent in the functional florets. The inclusion of both whorls in the floret ontology for the florets of ears and spikelets is based on this phylogenetically significant ontogeny. East and Hayes (1911, p. 134-135) provided the following: Perhaps it should be mentioned in passing that the immature sex organs, so called, of maize seem endowed with the power of becoming either stamens or carpels. One often finds a normal ear ending in stamens, and nearly every plant produces lateral branches which have carpels and stamens mixed together indiscriminantly. Studies of mutants have explored these occurrences and similar occurrences in tassels, corroborating the inherent bisexual nature of the floret meristem prior to the subsequent development of the monoecious condition. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572), MaizeGDB:East & Hayes (ID# 13237)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: flower
obo vocabulary:part of: spikelet [zea:0015086]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

palea [zea:0015088]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015088
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: palea
type: Class
description: The palea is the uppermost bract-like structure that subtends the grass floret. The palea is oriented in a position that is opposite the lemma which also subtends the floret and arises from the floret pedicel immediately below the palea. See elsewhere for further information on the palea associated with each individual floret of the male and female spikelets. The palea is a bikeeled structure and its relationship to the leaf (homology) is unknown. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: glumella
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID# 165572)
obo vocabulary:part of: floret [zea:0015131]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015089]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015089
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: pedicellate spikelet of ear
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: ear (functionally female inflorescence) [zea:0015084]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

sessile spikelet of ear [zea:0015090]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015090
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: sessile spikelet of ear
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: ear (functionally female inflorescence) [zea:0015084]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lemma of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015091]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015091
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lemma of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear
type: Class
description: The penultimate bract-like structure that subtends the upper (pedicelled) floret of the pedicellate spikelet of the ear (pistillate inflorescence). As part of the upper floret, the inner lemma is oriented in a position that is opposite the palea & adjacent to the upper (inner) glume of the pedicellate spikelet. The lemma arises from the floret pedicel immediately below the palea. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: inner lemma of ear
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID# 165572)
obo vocabulary:part of: upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015097]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015097]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015097
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015089]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lemma of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015092]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015092
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lemma of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear
type: Class
description: The penultimate bract-like structure that subtends the lower (sessile) floret of the pedicellate spikelet of the ear (pistillate inflorescence). As part of the lower floret, the outer lemma is oriented in a position that is opposite the palea & adjacent to the lower (outer) glume of the pedicellate spikelet. The lemma arises from the floret pedicel immediately below the palea. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: outer lemma of ear
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID# 165572)
obo vocabulary:part of: lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015098]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015098]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015098
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015089]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lemma of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear [zea:0015093]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015093
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lemma of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear
type: Class
description: The penultimate bract-like structure that subtends the upper (pedicelled) floret of the sessile spikelet of the ear (pistillate inflorescence). As part of the upper floret, the inner lemma is oriented in a position that is opposite the palea & adjacent to the upper (inner) glume of the sessile spikelet. The lemma arises from the floret pedicel immediately below the palea. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear [zea:0015126]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear [zea:0015126]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015126
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: sessile spikelet of ear [zea:0015090]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lemma of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear [zea:0015094]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015094
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lemma of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear
type: Class
description: The penultimate bract-like structure that subtends the lower (sessile) floret of the sessile spikelet of the ear (pistillate inflorescence). As part of the lower floret, the outer lemma is oriented in a position that is opposite the palea & adjacent to the lower (outer) glume of the sessile spikelet. The lemma arises from the floret pedicel immediately below the palea. (Vincent, ID#165572) [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear [zea:0015127]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear [zea:0015127]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015127
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: sessile spikelet of ear [zea:0015090]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

upper glume of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015095]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015095
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: upper glume of pedicellate spikelet of ear
type: Class
description: The upper (inner) of the two bract-like structures that subtend the base of the pedicelled spikelets of the ear (pistillate inflorescence). Note that each of the many paired spikelets of the ear (pistillate inflorescence) has an upper glume. Each spikelet is subtended by a pair of glumes (lower & upper glumes). (Vincent, ID#165572) [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015089]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lower glume of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015096]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015096
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lower glume of pedicellate spikelet of ear
type: Class
description: The lower (outer) of the two bract-like structures that subtend the base of the pedicelled spikelets of the ear (pistillate inflorescence). Note that each of the many paired spikelets of the ear (pistillate inflorescence) has a lower glume. Each spikelet is subtended by a pair of glumes (lower & upper glumes). (Vincent, ID#165572) [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015089]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

palea of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015099]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015099
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: palea of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The uppermost bract-like structure that subtends the upper (pedicellate) floret of the pedicellate spikelet of the tassel (staminate inflorescence). The palea is oriented in a position that is opposite the lemma which subtends the same floret. The palea arises from the floret pedicel immediately above the lemma. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015097]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

palea of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015100]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015100
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: palea of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear
type: Class
description: The uppermost bract-like structure that subtends the lower (sessile) floret of the pedicellate spikelet of the ear (pistillate inflorescence). This palea either does not initiate or remains rudimentary. The palea is oriented in a position that is opposite the lemma which subtends the same floret. The palea arises from the floret pedicel immediately above the lemma. (Vincent, ID#165572) [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015098]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

stylar ridge of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015101]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015101
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: stylar ridge of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear
type: Class
description: The gynoecium development of the upper floret begins with the production of a ridge on the abaxial surface of the apical meristem of the floret, distal to the third stamen (which later degenerates). This is the stylar ridge. Continued overgrowth of the shoot apex (which becomes the ovule primordium) by the ring of stylar tissue leads to the formation of the stylar canal, which is detected as a slight protruberance on the mature ovary. (Cheng & Pareddy, ID#60893, [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572), MaizeGDB:60893]
obo vocabulary:part of: upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015097]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

stylar ridge (abortive) of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015102]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015102
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: stylar ridge (abortive) of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear
type: Class
description: The gynoecium development of the lower floret begins with the production of a ridge on the abaxial surface of the apical meristem of the floret, distal to the third stamen (which later degenerates). This is the stylar ridge. While the development of this stylar ridge is very similar to that of the upper florets, the development does not proceed beyond the early ridge stage. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572), MaizeGDB:60893]
obo vocabulary:part of: lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015098]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015103]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015103
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: tassel (functionally male inflorescence) [zea:0015085]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015104]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015104
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: sessile spikelet of tassel
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: tassel (functionally male inflorescence) [zea:0015085]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015105]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015105
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015103]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015106]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015106
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015103]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015107]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015107
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015104]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015108]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015108
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015104]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

upper glume of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015109]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015109
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: upper glume of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The upper (inner) of the two leaf-like (bract-like) structures that subtend the base of the pedicelled spikelets of the tassel (staminate inflorescence). Note that each of the many paired spikelets of the tassel (staminate inflorescence) has an upper glume. Each spikelet is subtended by a pair of glumes (lower & upper glumes). [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015103]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lower glume of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015110]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015110
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lower glume of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The lower (outer) of the two leaf-like (bract-like) structures that subtend the base of the pedicelled spikelets of the tassel (staminate inflorescence). Note that each of the many paired spikelets of the tassel (staminate inflorescence) has a lower glume. Each spikelet is subtended by a pair of glumes (lower & upper glumes). [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015103]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lower glume of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015112]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015112
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lower glume of sessile spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The lower (outer) of the two leaf-like (bract-like) structures that subtend the base of the sessile spikelets of the tassel (staminate inflorescence). Note that each of the many paired spikelets of the tassel (staminate inflorescence) has a lower glume. Each spikelet is subtended by a pair of glumes (lower & upper glumes). [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015104]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

palea of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015113]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015113
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: palea of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The uppermost bract-like structure that subtends the upper (pedicellate) floret of the pedicellate spikelet of the tassel (staminate inflorescence). The palea is oriented in a position that is opposite the lemma which subtends the same floret. The palea arises from the floret pedicel immediately above the lemma. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015105]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

palea of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015114]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015114
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: palea of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The uppermost bract-like structure that subtends the lower (sessile) floret of the pedicellate spikelet of the tassel (staminate inflorescence). The palea is oriented in a position that is opposite the lemma which subtends the same floret. The palea arises from the floret pedicel immediately above the lemma. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015106]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

palea of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015115]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015115
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: palea of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The uppermost bract-like structure that subtends the upper (pedicellate) floret of the sessile spikelet of the tassel (staminate inflorescence). The palea is oriented in a position that is opposite the lemma which subtends the same floret. The palea arises from the floret pedicel immediately above the lemma. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015107]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

palea of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015116]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015116
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: palea of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The uppermost bract-like structure that subtends the lower (sessile) floret of the sessile spikelet of the tassel (staminate inflorescence). The palea is oriented in a position that is opposite the lemma which subtends the same floret. The palea arises from the floret pedicel immediately above the lemma. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015108]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

stamens of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015117]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015117
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: stamens of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The stamens comprise the androecium of each tassel floret (flower). Each of the three stamens comprises of a stalk-like filament which terminates in the pollen-producing anther. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015108]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

gynoecial tissue (abortive) of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015118]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015118
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: gynoecial tissue (abortive) of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The development of the gynoecial tissue from the floral meristem occurs during the ongoing development of the three stamen primordia.The gynoecial tissue develops via the initiation of an adaxial ridge on the remainder of the floral meristem distal to the three stamens. Soon after initiation the gynoecial tissue begins to abort and subsequently degenerates. This abortion and degeneration of this tissue in the lower floret of the pedicellate spikelet occurs before the same process occurs in the upper floret. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572), MaizeGDB:60893]
obo vocabulary:part of: lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015106]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lodicules of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015119]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015119
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lodicules of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: Two, small, scale-like. pale-green structures (glandular-like organs) found adjacent to the inner surface of the base of the lemma of the floret. The adjacent margins of the two lodicules (opposite the mid-line of the lemma) are adpressed to each other while the inner surfaces of the lodicules form an angle of approximately 80 degrees to each other. Within the triangle of basal tissue, bounded on two sides by the two lodicules, are located the three filaments of the stamens. Just prior to anthesis the lodicules grow/swell laterally and the triangle of space between the lodicules is almost obscured. The two lodicules are thought to be involved in opening of the grass floret (flower) in readiness for pollination (at anthesis they grow/become increasingly turgid and are presumed to contribute to the displacing of the adjacent lemma and glume which facilitates the exsertion of the anthers for wind pollination). Gibbs Russell et al., Grasses of southern Africa, 1990; Ambrose et al., (2000), Molecular and Genetic Analyses of the Silky1 Gene Reveal Conservation in Floral Organ Specification between Eudicots and Monocots, Molecular Cell 5:569-579. Leszek Vincent 06/2000. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015105]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lodicules of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015120]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015120
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lodicules of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: Two, small, scale-like. pale-green structures (glandular-like organs) found adjacent to the inner surface of the base of the lemma of the floret. The adjacent margins of the two lodicules (opposite the mid-line of the lemma) are adpressed to each other while the inner surfaces of the lodicules form an angle of approximately 80 degrees to each other. Within the triangle of basal tissue, bounded on two sides by the two lodicules, are located the three filaments of the stamens. Just prior to anthesis the lodicules grow/swell laterally and the triangle of space between the lodicules is almost obscured. The two lodicules are thought to be involved in opening of the grass floret (flower) in readiness for pollination (at anthesis they grow/become increasingly turgid and are presumed to contribute to the displacing of the adjacent lemma and glume which facilitates the exsertion of the anthers for wind pollination). Gibbs Russell et al., Grasses of southern Africa, 1990; Ambrose et al., (2000), Molecular and Genetic Analyses of the Silky1 Gene Reveal Conservation in Floral Organ Specification between Eudicots and Monocots, Molecular Cell 5:569-579. Leszek Vincent 06/2000. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015106]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

stamens of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015121]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015121
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: stamens of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The stamens comprise the androecium of each tassel floret (flower). Each of the three stamens comprises of a stalk-like filament which terminates in the pollen-producing anther. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015105]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

stamens of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015122]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015122
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: stamens of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The stamens comprise the androecium of each tassel floret (flower). Each of the three stamens comprises of a stalk-like filament which terminates in the pollen-producing anther. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015106]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

stamens of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015123]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015123
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: stamens of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The stamens comprise the androecium of each tassel floret (flower). Each of the three stamens comprises of a stalk-like filament which terminates in the pollen-producing anther. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID#165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015107]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

stamens (abortive) of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015124]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015124
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: stamens (abortive) of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015097]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

stamens (abortive) of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015125]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015125
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: stamens (abortive) of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear [zea:0015098]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lower glume [zea:0015128]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015128
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lower glume
type: Class
description: Each spikelet in either of the inflorescences in Zea is subtended by a pair of leaf-like (bract-like) structures, called glumes, at its base. The two glumes are referred to as the lower glume and the upper glume. The spikelet is the basic unit of the grass inflorescence. In Zea each spikelet of the tassel (staminate inflorescence) comprises two florets (flowers). Similarly each spikelet of the lateral branch (ear or pistillate inflorescence) contains initially two florets although one of these is usually arrested in its development very early on. Note that in both the staminate and pistillate inflorescences the spikelets occur in pairs (sessile & pedicellate spikelets), joined to a common pedicel. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
subclass of: glume [zea:0015130]

glume [zea:0015130]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015130
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: glume
type: Class
description: Each spikelet in either of the inflorescences in Zea is subtended by a pair of leaf-like (bract-like) structures, called glumes, at its base. The two glumes are referred to as the lower glume and the upper glume. The spikelet is the basic unit of the grass inflorescence. In Zea each spikelet of the tassel (staminate inflorescence) comprises two florets (flowers). Similarly each spikelet of the lateral branch (ear or pistillate inflorescence) contains initially two florets although one of these is usually arrested in its development very early on. Note that in both the staminate and pistillate inflorescences the spikelets occur in pairs (sessile & pedicellate spikelets), joined to a common pedicel. Glumes are considered to be homologous to the vegetative leaf. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572), MaizeGDB:Freeling & Lane (ID# 60922)]
subclass of: leaf [zea:0015031]
obo vocabulary:part of: spikelet [zea:0015086]

upper glume [zea:0015129]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015129
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: upper glume
type: Class
description: Each spikelet in either of the inflorescences in Zea is subtended by a pair of leaf-like (bract-like) structures, called glumes, at its base. The two glumes are referred to as the lower glume and the upper glume. The spikelet is the basic unit of the grass inflorescence. In Zea each spikelet of the tassel (staminate inflorescence) comprises two florets (flowers). Similarly each spikelet of the lateral branch (ear or pistillate inflorescence) contains initially two florets although one of these is usually arrested in its development very early on. Note that in both the staminate and pistillate inflorescences the spikelets occur in pairs (sessile & pedicellate spikelets), joined to a common pedicel. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
subclass of: glume [zea:0015130]

rachilla [zea:0015132]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015132
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: rachilla
type: Class
description: The rachilla, or central axis, is the structure which bears the distichous glumes at the base and florets above. While the rachilla is recognizable in the spikelets of the 'tassel' in Zea mays, the rachilla of the 'ear' spikelets is much reduced. The bases of the rachillas of the ear can be considered to have anastomosed, forming the collective structure that is referred to as the cob. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: central axis
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID#165572)
obo vocabulary:part of: spikelet [zea:0015086]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

silk [zea:0015133]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015133
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: silk
type: Class
description: The hair-like styles in maize. Each silk arises from the distal end (silk scar region) of each of the two anterior functional carpels. A vascular strand passes up through each anterior carpel into the attached silk and extends to the branched tip of the silk where it divides and extends down the length of each branch. The surface of the silk becomes covered with numerous hairs (trichomes) which arise from the epidermal cells. The hairs are most numerous along the edges of the silk. Each hair (trichome) is composed of four rows of cells, so arranged that the intercelllular spaces between the rows form a continuous opening through the center of the hair. At the base of the silk is a growth zone (intercalary growth) where new cells develop causing continuous elongation of the silk until it is pollinated and fertilization occurs. At this time the zone of elongation shrivels up, forming the place where the silk later breaks loose. The silk is perhaps best considered as consisting of a very short style without hairs, above which is the region of intercalary growth. The branched part of the silk corresponds to the stigma of other grasses. The region formed by the intercalary growth zone is an addition to the stigma and has nothing homologous to it in most grasses. [MaizeGDB:kiesselbach (ID # 59445), MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: style
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID#165572)
obo vocabulary:part of: gynoecium [zea:0015139]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

gynoecium [zea:0015139]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015139
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: gynoecium
type: Class
description: Gynoecium is the collective term for all of the carpels or pistils of a flower (floret). Each carpel or pistil comprises of a stigma, style and ovary. In Zea the silk comprises the stigma and extended style. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: pistil
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID# 165572)
obo vocabulary:part of: floret [zea:0015131]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

stamen [zea:0015134]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015134
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: stamen
type: Class
description: The male reproductive organ of a flowering plant, comprising the filament (stalk-like structure) and anther (pollen producing structure). The stemens of the floret (flower) are known collectively as the androecium (M. Allaby. 1992. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Botany, The Oxford University Press.) A Wiedemeier 5/2000; Esau, K.; Anatomy of Seed Plants 1977. Leszek Vincent 05/2000 [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: androecium [zea:0015138]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

androecium [zea:0015138]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015138
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: androecium
type: Class
description: The androecium is the male reproductive whorl of a flowering plant, comprising the stamen(s). Each stamen of the androecium usually comprises of a filament (stalk-like structure) and anther (pollen producing structure). In some taxa one or more of the stamens may be sterile (producing no pollen). These modified stamens are called staminodes. [MaizeGDB:275295, Allaby 1992:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Botany, Esau 1977:Anatomy of Seed Plants, MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572), MaizeGDB:wiedemeier (ID # 292238)]
obo vocabulary:part of: floret [zea:0015131]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

anther [zea:0015135]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015135
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: anther
type: Class
description: The pollen bearing part of the stamen. In flowering plants, the tip of the stamen, which contains the pollen sacs and in which the pollen grains are formed; usually elevated by means of a filament. [MaizeGDB:esau (ID # 139825), MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572) - http //www.harcourt.com/dictionary/def/6/2/2/0/622000.html]
obo vocabulary:part of: stamen [zea:0015134]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

filament [zea:0015136]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015136
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: filament
type: Class
description: The stalk-like structure of the stamen, which bears the anther. (M.Allaby. 1992. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Botany, The Oxford University Press.). [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: stamen [zea:0015134]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lodicule [zea:0015137]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015137
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lodicule
type: Class
description: A small rounded or scale-like structure (glandular-like organ) found between the base of the stamens in the grass floret (flower). The lodicules (usually 2) each arise adjacent to the base of the ovary and are between the stamens adjacent to the lemma of the grass floret. Note that the anterior lodicule (the third lodicule), adjacent to the palea, is suppressed in most grass species. This suppression results in the trimerous arrangement of the lodicules together with the stamens and carpels being overlooked. The lodicules are thought to be involved in opening of the grass flower in readiness for pollination (they become turgid at anthesis, thus opening (pushing apart) the lemma and palea and facilitating wind pollination). [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572), :Ambrose et al. , (2000). Molecular and Genetic Analysis of the Silky1 Gene Reveal Conservation in Floral Organ Specification between Eudicots and Monocots , Molecular Cell 5 569-579, :Gibbs Russel et al. , (1990). Grasses of southern Africa]
obo vocabulary:synonym: glumella
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID#165572
obo vocabulary:part of: floret [zea:0015131]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

husk sheath [zea:0015140]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015140
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: husk sheath
type: Class
description: The husk structure consists mostly of the husk sheath. The husk sheath is the proximal (basal) portion of the husk that initiates at each of the nodes of the lateral branch (shank). The husk sheathes are much broader and thinner than the sheathes of adult and juvenile leaves. The broadness of the husk sheathes enable them to cover much of the circumference of the developing ear. The distal end of the husk sheath ends with the husk ligule region which is terminated with a diminutive (short) or extended husk leaf (flag leaf). The outer husks (lowermost/most proximal) on the lateral branch (shank) are distichous (in two vertical ranks or rows on opposite sides of an axis) like the adult & juvenile leaves. While the inner (upper) husks are polystichous (arranged in several rows).nnNote that the term husk (instead of husk sheath) is colloquially used for the modified leaf tissue which surrounds the ear and the term is seldom associated with husk ligule and husk leaf (flag leaf). However, botanically, the term husk should be used for the entire structure (fide Kiesselbach, 1949), comprising the husk sheath, husk ligule and husk leaf (the latter components frequently being very diminutive). The perspective that husks are somewhat homologous with the adult and juvenile leaves justifies the usage of the term husk sheath for the predominant portion of the husk which surrounds the ear. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572), MaizeGDB:kiesselbach (ID# 59445)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: husk
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID # 165572)
obo vocabulary:part of: husk [zea:0015078]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

husk leaf [zea:0015141]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015141
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: husk leaf
type: Class
description: The husk leaf (lamina) is a small (short, reduced - less than 20 mm) portion of modified leaf-blade tissue that is present at the distal end of each husk. The husk leaf region commences with a modified and diminutive ligular region and extends into a tapered lamina which is photosynthetic. The husk leaf is considered to be somewhat homologous with the leaf blade (lamina) of the adult and juvenile leaves. In all occurrences the husk leaf (lamina) lacks the well developed central midrib (midvein) and the widespread lateral veins are much less robust.The husk leaf is reduced in most forms of dent corn. However, in sweet corns the husk leaves are considerably longer (60 mm or longer) and are frequently referred to as flag leaves. These 'flag leaves' should not be confused with the flag leaf (ZEA:15148). Where the husk leaves are well developed (flag leaves) the husk leaves are noticeably lacking in rigidity. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572), MaizeGDB:kiesselbach (ID# 59445), MaizeGDB:ID# 106158]
obo vocabulary:synonym: flag leaves
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:ID# 77179
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:http://www.agron.missouri.edu/mnl/60/94bird.html
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:http://www.agron.missouri.edu/mnl/77/08has.html
obo vocabulary:part of: husk [zea:0015078]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

husk ligule [zea:0015142]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015142
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: husk ligule
type: Class
description: The husk ligule in Zea mays is sometimes absent. When present it takes the form of a diminutive protruding line of tissue on the inner/upper (adaxial) surface of the husk leaf at the boundary between the husk sheath and the tapered husk leaf (lamina). As in the ligules of adult and juvenile leaves, this unique line of epidermal tissue appears to be composed of 'fused hairs'. The husk leaf ligule is relatively short (laterally), spanning the width of the tapered end of the distal end of the husk. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: husk [zea:0015078]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

gynoecial tissue (abortive) of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015143]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015143
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: gynoecial tissue (abortive) of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The development of the gynoecial tissue from the floral meristem occurs during the ongoing development of the three stamen primordia.The gynoecial tissue develops via the initiation of an adaxial ridge on the remainder of the floral meristem distal to the three stamens. Soon after initiation the gynoecial tissue begins to abort and subsequently degenerates. This abortion and degeneration of this tissue in the lower floret of the sessile spikelet occurs before the same process occurs in the upper floret. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572), MaizeGDB:60893]
obo vocabulary:part of: lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015108]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lodicules of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015144]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015144
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lodicules of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: Two, small, scale-like. pale-green structures (glandular-like organs) found adjacent to the inner surface of the base of the lemma of the floret. The adjacent margins of the two lodicules (opposite the mid-line of the lemma) are adpressed to each other while the inner surfaces of the lodicules form an angle of approximately 80 degrees to each other. Within the triangle of basal tissue, bounded on two sides by the two lodicules, are located the three filaments of the stamens. Just prior to anthesis the lodicules grow/swell laterally and the triangle of space between the lodicules is almost obscured. The two lodicules are thought to be involved in opening of the grass floret (flower) in readiness for pollination (at anthesis they grow/become increasingly turgid and are presumed to contribute to the displacing of the adjacent lemma and glume which facilitates the exsertion of the anthers for wind pollination). Gibbs Russell et al., Grasses of southern Africa, 1990; Ambrose et al., (2000), Molecular and Genetic Analyses of the Silky1 Gene Reveal Conservation in Floral Organ Specification between Eudicots and Monocots, Molecular Cell 5:569-579. Leszek Vincent 06/2000. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015108]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

lodicules of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015145]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015145
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lodicules of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: Two, small, scale-like. pale-green structures (glandular-like organs) found adjacent to the inner surface of the base of the lemma of the floret. The adjacent margins of the two lodicules (opposite the mid-line of the lemma) are adpressed to each other while the inner surfaces of the lodicules form an angle of approximately 80 degrees to each other. Within the triangle of basal tissue, bounded on two sides by the two lodicules, are located the three filaments of the stamens. Just prior to anthesis the lodicules grow/swell laterally and the triangle of space between the lodicules is almost obscured. The two lodicules are thought to be involved in opening of the grass floret (flower) in readiness for pollination (at anthesis they grow/become increasingly turgid and are presumed to contribute to the displacing of the adjacent lemma and glume which facilitates the exsertion of the anthers for wind pollination). Gibbs Russell et al., Grasses of southern Africa, 1990; Ambrose et al., (2000), Molecular and Genetic Analyses of the Silky1 Gene Reveal Conservation in Floral Organ Specification between Eudicots and Monocots, Molecular Cell 5:569-579. Leszek Vincent 06/2000. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
subclass of: upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015107]

gynoecial tissue (abortive) of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015146]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015146
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: gynoecial tissue (abortive) of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The development of the gynoecial tissue from the floral meristem occurs during the ongoing development of the three stamen primordia.The gynoecial tissue develops via the initiation of an adaxial ridge on the remainder of the floral meristem distal to the three stamens. Soon after initiation the gynoecial tissue begins to abort and subsequently degenerates. This abortion and degeneration of this tissue in the upper floret of the sessile spikelet occurs after the same process occurs in the lower floret. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572), MaizeGDB:60893]
subclass of: upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel [zea:0015107]

gynoecial tissue (abortive) of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015147]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015147
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: gynoecial tissue (abortive) of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
type: Class
description: The development of the gynoecial tissue from the floral meristem occurs during the ongoing development of the three stamen primordia.The gynoecial tissue develops via the initiation of an adaxial ridge on the remainder of the floral meristem distal to the three stamens. Soon after initiation the gynoecial tissue begins to abort and subsequently degenerates. This abortion and degeneration of this tissue in the upper floret of the pedicellate spikelet occurs after the same process occurs in the lower floret. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel [zea:0015105]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

flag leaf [zea:0015148]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015148
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: flag leaf
type: Class
description: The last leaf to emerge in a determinate plant in the Poaceae (determinate growth: formation of a restricted number of lateral organs by an apical meristem; apical meristem terminates growth e.g. tassel & lateral branch meristems). Referred to as the flag leaf in cereal (grain) crops. The term 'flag leaf' should not be confused with 'flag leaves' which is a synonym: term frequently used for the husk leaf (extended lamina) of the husks of sweet corn varieties.nnThe flag leaf is frequently much less robust than the other adult leaves. In some cases the midrib is much reduced rendering the leaf very mobile. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID # 165572), MaizeGDB:esau (ID# 139825)]
obo vocabulary:xref analog: http://www.agriknowledge.co.uk/Dessac/Definitions/finallf.html:; synonym:final leaf
subclass of: adult leaf [zea:0015060]

tissue [zea:0015149]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015149
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: tissue
type: Class
description: The terms and definitions of the various tissues in Zea mays. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
obo vocabulary:part of: whole plant [zea:0015037]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

root apical meristem [zea:0015150]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015150
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: root apical meristem
type: Class
description: A group of meristematic cells at the apex of the root that by cell division (mitosis) produce the precursors of the primary tissues of the root. [MaizeGDB:Esau (ID# 139825), MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]
subclass of: apical meristem [zea:0015173]

apical meristem [zea:0015173]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015173
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: apical meristem
type: Class
description: A group of meristematic cells at the apex of root or shoot that by cell division produce the precursors of the primary tissues of root or shoot. The apical meristem may be vegetative, initiating vegetative tissues and organs, or reproductive, initiating reproductive tissues and organs. [MaizeGDB:Esau (ID# 139825]
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]

shoot apical meristem [zea:0015151]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015151
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: shoot apical meristem
type: Class
description: A group of meristematic cells at the apex of the shoot that by cell division (mitosis) produce the precursors of the primary tissues of the shoot; may be vegetative, initiating vegetative tissues and organs, or reproductive, initiating reproductive tissues and organs. [MaizeGDB:Esau (ID# 139825), MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]
subclass of: apical meristem [zea:0015173]

vegetative meristem [zea:0015152]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015152
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: vegetative meristem
type: Class
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]

spikelet pair meristem [zea:0015153]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015153
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: spikelet pair meristem
type: Class
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: tassel meristem [zea:0015156]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: ear meristem [zea:0015157]

DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: obo_vocabulary
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM
type: obo vocabulary:Resource
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM
type: ObjectProperty

tassel meristem [zea:0015156]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015156
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: tassel meristem
type: Class
subclass of: inflorescence meristem [zea:0015155]

ear meristem [zea:0015157]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015157
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: ear meristem
type: Class
description: The ear meristem gives rise to numerous spikelet-pair primordia which are arranged in characteristic rows along the longitudinal axis of the ear (functionally female inflorescence). Each spikelet-pair primordium exhibits determinate growth and differentiates into a pedicellate and sessile spikelet (each of these spikelets produces an upper and lower floret). [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
subclass of: inflorescence meristem [zea:0015155]

floret meristem [zea:0015154]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015154
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: floret meristem
type: Class
description: The floret meristem is derived/develops from the spikelet meristem. The floret meristem produces the floret (lemma, palea, androecium & gynoecium). Normally two florets are derived from one spikelet meristem. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: spikelet pair meristem [zea:0015153]

inflorescence meristem [zea:0015155]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015155
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: inflorescence meristem
type: Class
description: The meristem which produces the tassel and the ear inflorescences. The tassel (functionally male inflorescence) meristem is derived from the apical meristem of the growing point of the determinate culm. An ear meristem is derived from the apical meristem of a lateral branch which produces the ear (functionally female inflorescence). [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: shoot apical meristem [zea:0015151]

lateral root meristem [zea:0015158]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015158
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: lateral root meristem
type: Class
description: The meristem which gives rise to a lateral root (ZEA:15065). These (adventitious) lateral roots emerge from the primary root (radicle, tap root) at varying points behind the zone of root hair formation. They originate from the pericycle. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: primary root meristem [zea:0015162]

primary root meristem [zea:0015162]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015162
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: primary root meristem
type: Class
description: The meristem which gives rise to the primary root (ZEA:15061). The primary root (radicle or tap root) is the initial root structure which emerges from the embryo of the caryopsis (kernel/seed). The primary root is formed early during embryogenesis, becoming defined as a distinctive region 10-15 days after pollination. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: root apical meristem [zea:0015150]

axillary meristem [zea:0015159]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015159
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: axillary meristem
type: Class
description: The meristem located in the axil of a leaf and giving rise to an axilllary bud. The axillary meristem is initiated in association with the formation of a leaf primordium. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572), MaizeGDB:ID# 402668, MaizeGDB:Esau (ID# 139825)]
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]

adventitious shoot meristem [zea:0015160]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015160
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: adventitious shoot meristem
type: Class
description: Shoot meristematic tissue arising other than at the apex or in association with a leaf primordium. This is the same meristem which gives rise to shoots, collectively called tillers. Observations indicate that while axillary buds may be involved in adventitious shoot growth (formation of tillers), several of these shoots (tillers) can arise from a single node. These observations suggest that the adventitious shoot meristem is recognizably distinct from the axillary bud meristem. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]

plate meristem [zea:0015161]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015161
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: plate meristem
type: Class
description: A meristematic tissue consisting of parallel layers of cells dividing anticlinally (perpendicular to the leaf surface). The divisions in this meristem constitute a major part of the intercalary growth by which the leaf reaches its mature size (with respect to surface area; periclinal divisions are responsible for increasing leaf thickness). (Esau, ID#139825; Vincent ID#165572, 2002) [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572), MaizeGDB:Esau (ID# 139825)]
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]

seminal root meristem [zea:0015163]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015163
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: seminal root meristem
type: Class
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: root apical meristem [zea:0015150]

crown root meristem [zea:0015164]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015164
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: crown root meristem
type: Class
description: The meristem which gives rise to the crown roots (ZEA:15066).There are two spatial components of the adventitious root system. 1. A subterranean (below-ground) origin; 2. An aerial (above-ground) origin. The subterranean adventitious roots are frequently called crown roots because they originate from the basal portion of the growing stem known as the crown. The first crown roots (4-5), arranged in a whorl, appear at the base of the second internode about as soon as the tip of the coleoptile reaches the soil surface. A few of the subsequent higher internodes may have a similar number of crown roots (in whorls), after which the successive internodes have more and larger crown roots up to 2-3 internodes above the soil surface. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: adventitious root meristem [zea:0015168]

adventitious root meristem [zea:0015168]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015168
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: adventitious root meristem
type: Class
description: The meristem which gives rise to the adventitious root system. The adventitious root system consists of all those roots that arise in the basal intercalary meristem of the lower internodes (above the first internode) of the culm (stem). The adventitious root system comprises the bulk of the lateral roots of the maize plant. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: root apical meristem [zea:0015150]

prop root meristem [zea:0015165]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015165
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: prop root meristem
type: Class
description: The meristem which gives rise to the prop roots (ZEA:15068). Prop ('brace') roots are crown roots which have an aerial (above-ground) origin. They emerge from the extreme basal portion of 2-3 internodes above the soil surface. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: crown root meristem [zea:0015164]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

subterranean crown root meristem [zea:0015166]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015166
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: subterranean crown root meristem
type: Class
description: The meristem which gives rise to the subterranean crown roots (ZEA:15067).The subterranean crown roots are a component of the adventitious root system. They are termed crown roots because they originate from the basal portion of the growing stem known as the crown. The first subterranean crown roots (4-5), arranged in a whorl, appear at the base of the second internode about as soon as the tip of the coleoptile reaches the soil surface. A few of the subsequent higher internodes may have a similar number of crown roots (in whorls), after which the successive internodes have more and larger crown roots up to 2-3 internodes above the soil surface. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: crown root meristem [zea:0015164]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

seminal lateral root meristem [zea:0015167]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015167
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: seminal lateral root meristem
type: Class
description: The meristem which gives rise to the seminal lateral roots (ZEA:15064). Some of the lateral roots of the maize plant comprise the seminal root system. These lateral roots are present in the ungerminated caryopsis (kernel, seed) - they are formed during embryogenesis. The seminal lateral roots arise from 3 to 7 seminal root primordia. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: seminal root meristem [zea:0015163]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

root branch meristem [zea:0015169]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015169
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: root branch meristem
type: Class
description: The meristem which gives rise to a root branch (ZEA:15069). A root branch is an adventitious root that emerges from any of the various types of lateral root. Root branches arise at varying points behind (posterior to) the zone of root hair formation on the primary root. Root branches emerge from the surface of the main roots (the various types of lateral roots) at irregular intervals. When a root branches, the initial of each branch is formed from cells of the pericycle. Via cell division a bulging hemispherical mass of meristematic tissue is formed. The outer part of this forms the beginning of the rootcap, while the cells of the growing point are near the flat basal part of the hemispherical mass. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: lateral root meristem [zea:0015158]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: prop root meristem [zea:0015165]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: subterranean crown root meristem [zea:0015166]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: seminal lateral root meristem [zea:0015167]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

caryopsis [zea:0015170]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015170
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: caryopsis
type: Class
description: A dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit with the seed coat fused to the pericarp. The caryopsis includes the ovary. The caryopsis is the typical fruit structure of the grass (Poaceae / Gramineae) family. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572), Chapman:The Biology of Grasses - ISBN 0 85199 111 4, Harris & Harris:Plant Identification Terminology - An Illustrated Glossary , ISBN 0 9640221 5 X]
obo vocabulary:synonym: grain
obo vocabulary:synonym: kernel
obo vocabulary:synonym: seed
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:ID # 11089
subclass of: gynoecium [zea:0015139]
subclass of: seed [zea:0015178]

seed [zea:0015178]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015178
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: seed
type: Class
subclass of: sporophyte [zea:0015177]

tiller [zea:0015171]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015171
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: tiller
type: Class
description: The term tiller is a collective term used for all of the various forms of adventitious shoot which is produced by Zea mays. Tillers are produced by adventitous shoot meristematic tissue (ZEA:xxx). Observations indicate that while axillary buds may be involved in adventitious shoot growth (formation of tillers), several of these shoots (tillers) can arise from a single node. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
obo vocabulary:synonym: adventitious shoot
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:ID# 402669
obo vocabulary:xref analog: maizedb:pldv (ID# 165572)
subclass of: organ [zea:0015050]

leaf primordium [zea:0015172]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015172
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf primordium
type: Class
description: A leaf primordium is typically referred to as a cell/an organized series of cells in their earliest stage of differentiation with the ontogenetic goal of forming a leaf. A leaf primordium is initiated by cell divisions in the peripheral region of the shoot apex, more or less far below the distal zone of the apical meristem. The first divisions occur in one or more layers beneath the protoderm and are periclinal to the surface of the shoot apex. In Zea the leaf primordium originates from about 250 cells in at least two layers forming a ring of founder cells within the apical meristem tissue associated with the leaf. Each founder cell divides about the same number of times to form the 6 mm square-shaped leaf primordium. The primordial stages of development ends when the lateral veins are complete and the periclinal divisions of the ligule are in progress. Three stages of leaf development are noted: founder cell (meristem founder cell), primordial and postprimordial. The location of each primordium, in relation to the sites of the previously formed leaves, is determined by the phyllotaxy. [MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572), MaizeGDB:Esau (ID# 139825), MaizeGDB:Freeling & Lane (ID# 60922)]
subclass of: tissue [zea:0015149]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: founder cells [zea:0015174]

founder cells [zea:0015174]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015174
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: founder cells
type: Class
description: A group of about 250 cells arranged in at least two layers forming a ring within the shoot apical meristem. [MaizeGDB:Freeling & Lane (ID# 60922), MaizeGDB:lv (ID# 165572)]
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: shoot apical meristem [zea:0015151]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

leaf postprimordium [zea:0015175]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015175
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: leaf postprimordium
type: Class
DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM [obo_vocabulary:DERIVED/DEVELOPS_FROM]: leaf primordium [zea:0015172]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

gametophyte [zea:0015176]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015176
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: gametophyte
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: whole plant [zea:0015037]
subclass of: obo vocabulary:Entity

embryo [zea:0015179]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015179
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: embryo
type: Class
subclass of: sporophyte [zea:0015177]

shoot [zea:0015180]
bio2rdf vocabulary:namespace: zea
bio2rdf vocabulary:identifier: 0015180
type: zea resource [zea_vocabulary:Resource]
in dataset: bioportal resource:bio2rdf.dataset.bioportal.R3
title: shoot
type: Class
obo vocabulary:part of: sporophyte [zea:0015177]