typeref [obo_vocabulary:typeref]
typeref
this version corrects the namespace and includes some flybase alt_IDs
Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. [GOC:tfm, MESH:A.08.663.358]
Acellular anatomical structure whose predominant constituent is chitin. [AEO:JB]
An anatomical space with no opening to another space or to the exterior. [JB:AEO]
An anatomical space with at least one opening to another space or the exterior. [JB:AEO]
Each of a set of hard, bony enamel-coated structures in the jaws of most vertebrates, used for biting and chewing. [JB:AEO]
The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. [AEO:JB]
An external caudal extension of the body. [AEO:JB]
The region of the body connecting the head and the body. [AEO:JB]
The region of the body containing the brain and mouth. [AEO:JB]
Anatomical structure which is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism. [CARO:MAH]
A delimited region of osteoblasts representing the early stages of bone formation. [AEO:JB]
The mesenchymal derivative of a somite that will migrate to surround the neural tube and form vertebrae. [AEO:JB]
A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. [GO_REF:0000031, GOC:add]
synonym [obo_vocabulary:synonym]
synonym
A volume that is mainly bounded but has an opening to another cavity or to the outside. [JB:AEO]
The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. [AEO:JB]
A cell found predominately in the blood. [GOC:add, GOC:tfm]
Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes. [CARO:MAH]
The sum of all the anlagen and primordia that will develop into a single functional system. [FBbt:DOS]
Anatomical group whose component structures are arranged in a row. [DBft:DOS]
Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. [CARO:MAH]
Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. [CARO:MAH]
A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. [GOC:add]
A simple coherent tissue or a localized population of similar cells that are actively migrating. [JB:AEO]
Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ. [CARO:MAH]
A cord of epithelial cells without a lumen and usually several cells thick. [JB:AEO]
A network of interlinked veins. [JB:AEO]
A domain of columnar epithelium in an embryo that represents the early stage of the development of the epithelial component of a new anatomical structure. [JB:AEO]
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. [CARO:MAH]
An embryonic anatomical structure undergoing apoptosis. [AEO:JB]
A post-embryonic juvenile form which will undergo metamorphosis to become the adult. [AEO:JB]
A structure whose morphology or state of differentiation will change during normal development. [AEO:JB]
Tissue composed predominantly of neurons. [AEO:JB]
A tissue composed of myoblasts or muscle cells. [AEO:JB]
A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. [GOC:tfm, MESH:A.11.329.830]
Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue. [CARO:MAH]
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. [CARO:MAH]
A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0618947256]
An embryonic entity that displays a physiological function but whose strucuture is not yet fully formed. [AEO:JB]
Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the female sex, and then later of the male sex. [CARO:MAH]
A cell that is part of the nervous system. [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0618947256]
An epithelial structure capable of allowing fluid flow. [AEO:JB]
An epithelial pouch with a single opening. [AEO:JB]
Epithelium derived from mesenchyme. [AEO:JB]
Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships. [CARO:MAH]
Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex. [CARO:MAH]
Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time. [CARO:MAH]
A network of interlinking epithelial tubes. [AEO:JB]
Multi-cellular organism that has male and female sexes. [CARO:MAH]
A group of connected epithelial tubes with a single portal. [AEO:JB]
Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the male sex, and then later of the female sex. [CARO:MAH]
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. [CARO:MAH]
Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. [CARO:MAH]
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. Anatomical structure, which has as its parts a heterogeneous collection of organs, organ parts, cells or body part subdivisions that are adjacent to, or continuous with one another; does not constitute an organ, organ system or organ system subdivision, or body part or body part subdivision. [CARO:MAH]
Cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity. [CARO:MAH, CL:0000066]
A ring of striated muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. [AEO:JB]
A group of not-yet-terminally-differentiatied cells that can pack in three dimensions. [AEO:JB]
A tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells. [AEO:JB]
A ring of smooth muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. [AEO:JB]
A cell containing at least one nucleus. [GOC:tfm]
A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. [AEO:JB]
A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become myoblasts. [AEO:JB]
Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. [AEO:JB]
Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. [AEO:JB, GO:curator, VAO:0000092]
Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0721662544]
Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. [AEO:JB]
Mesenchyme whose cells are embedded in obvious amounts fo extracellular matrix. [AEO:JB]
A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become chondroblasts. [AEO:JB]
Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces. [CARO:MAH]
Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. [CARO:MAH]
Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. [CARO:MAH]
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells. [CARO:MAH]
Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. [CARO:MAH]
A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. [FB:ma]
A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections, largely or completely lacking synapses. [CARO:0001001, GO:0043005]
Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells. [CARO:MAH]
Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. [CARO:MAH]
Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue. [CARO:MAH]
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells. [CARO:MAH]
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. [CARO:MAH]
Embronic structure that contains stem cellsr that may contribute to its future development or maintenance or to its future development or maintenance of another tissue. [AEO:JB]
An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. [AEO:JB]
A group of neurons, usually outside the CNS, which relay neuronal signals. [AEO:JB]
A localised domain of predominantly neuronal tissue in the central nervous system. [AEO:JB]
A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. [FB:ma]
A group of neurons that provides a nervous supply. [AEO:JB]
A complex of interconnecting nerves. [AEO:JB]
A myocyte located in the heart. The contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0323052908]
A tissue composed of smooth muscle cells. [AEO:JB]
A tissue composed of striated muscle cells. [AEO:JB]
A cell with more than one nucleus. [FB:ma]
Anatomical space that is part of a cell. [CARO:mah]
Multi-cellular organism that does not produce gametes. [CARO:MAH]
Cell that is an individual member of a species. [CARO:MAH]
A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear. [MESH:A.08.637]
A classification of cells by the number of their nuclei. [FB:ma, GOC:tfm]
The rigid support system for the body. [AEO:JB, VAO:0000027]
A group of cells capable of regenerating themselves and also of producing one or more populations of differentiated cells. [AEO:JB]
That part of the conceptus that will form the organism. [AEO:JB]
A population of cells that are predominantly immature or mature germ cells. [AEO:JB]
Tissue that is predominantly made of fat cells. [AEO:JB]
A part of the body present only in a specific gender. [AEO:JB]
An epithelial ball that forms from paraxial mesoderm. [JB:AEO]
A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. [AEO:JB]
Multicellular anatomical structure with largely bona fide boundary that extends outwards from or is part of the organism surface and transduces some sensory stimulus to the nervous system. [AEO:JB]
A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. [AEO:JB]
Appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. [AEO:JB]
Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. [AEO:JB]
A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells. [AEO:JB]
Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. [AEO:JB]
Neuronal tissue composed predominantly of axons. [AEO:JB]
A neuronal tissue composed predominantly of nerve bodies and neuronal support cells. [AEO:JB]
An extended columnar domain of predominantly neuronal tissue in the central nervous system. [AEO:JB]
A compact group of cells differentiating to become a ganglion or a neuronal nucleus. [AEO:JB]
A germ cell population that has not undergone meiosis. [AEO:JB]
A myotube is a multinucleated cells that is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0323052908]
A cell of an organism that does not pass on its genetic material to the organism's offspring (i.e. a non-germ line cell). [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0721662544]
Anatomical structure composed of a single cell. [CARO:MAH]
A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells. [AEO:JB]
Multi-tissue mesenchymal structure one of whose parts contains stem cells that can replace other parts. [AEO:JB]
The collection of structures that form the exxtenal covering of the organism. [AEO:JB]
A furrow or an incomplete tube. [AEO:JB]
Excreta are bodily fluids consisting of waste matter, such as sweat or feces, discharged from the body. [JB:AEO]
A neruon whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. [GOC:tfm]
An epithelium within an embryo or larva that is undergoing a major developmental change. [AEO:JB]
A flattened appendage on a marine animal. [JB:AEO, VAO:0000099]
A non-cellular substance released by a cell, gland or tissue. [JB:AEO]
A localized group of blood capillaries. [JB:AEO]
An acellular structure typically composed of collagen, glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans. [JB:AEO]
A ganglion containing sensory neurons. [JB:AEO]
Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. [ISBN:0721662544]
A ganglion that is part of the autonomic nervous system. [JB:AEO]
An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system. [AEO:JB]
An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells. [AEO:JB]
Multicellular anatomical structure with largely bona fide boundary that transduces some sensory stimulus to the nervous system. [AEO:JB]
Fluid anatomical entity containing cells. [AEO:JB]
A classification of cells by their primary end goal or behavior. [FB:ma]
A multi-tissue structure that produces a secretion for use elsewhere in the body. [AEO:JB]
A gland that releases its secretion through a duct. [AEO:JB]
A strap of predominantly extracellular matrix connecting two bones. [AEO:JB]
A strap of predominantly extracellular matrix connecting a muscle to a bone. [AEO:JB]
A sheet of extracellular matrix. [AEO:JB]
An anatomical group whose component structures share a common function. [AEO:JB]
A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. [GOC:tfm, PMID:1381289]
Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures. [CARO:MAH]
Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified]. An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs. [CARO:MAH]
All the products of the fertilized egg. [AEO:JB]
The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. [AEO:JB]
An anatomical structure present in the larval form of an animal. [AEO:JB]
An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. [GOC:tfm]
Multi-tissue structure one of whose parts contains stem cells that can replace other parts. [AEO:JB]
The cavity within the body that contains the visceral organs. [AEO:JB]
A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. [GOC:tfm, MESH:A.08.663.650]
Multi-tissue epithelial structure one of whose parts contains stem cells that can replace other parts. [AEO:JB]
A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. [MESH:A.08.663.655]
An acellular fluid portion of organism substance that is produced by the organism for some non-waste purpose. [AEO:JB]
A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0721662544]
A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo. It It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy. [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0323052908]
Dense connective tissue made primarily of type II collagen. [AEO:JB, VAO:0000040]
A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. [MESH:A.11.329.114]
Bone that forms directly from mesenchyme. [AEO:JB, VAO:0000023]
An endochondral bone that forms within tendenous or ligamentous matrix. [AEO:JB, VAO:0000137]
A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. This cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. [FB:ma, GOC:dsd, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cell, http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells, PMCID:PMC2613570, PMID:10102814j, PMID:16923606, PMID:_17986482, PMID:_19960544]
Bone that is preformed in cartilage. [AEO:JB, VAO:0000145]
A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix which may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified. [AEO:JB]
Ossified structure that is predominantly extracellular matrix and forms part of the support system of the body. [AEO:JB]
Polymorphic cell that form cartilage. [MESH:A.11.329.171]
Cartilage that may provide the template for an endochondral bone or that may be a disinct entity in the skeleton. [AEO:JB]
The epithelial membrane between bone ends that forms the lateral borders of the synovial cavity and secretes synovial fluid. [AEO:JB]
A component of the exoskeleton. [AEO:JB]
A joint connecting two or more bones with cartilage at the bone ends and a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid conecting the bones and sealing the synovial cavity. [AEO:JB]
A flexible joint between two bones that is made of unossified connective tissue. [AEO:JB]
A part of the body present only in hermaphrodites. [AEO:JB]
Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. [CARO:mah]
A part of the body present only in females. [AEO:JB]
A part of the body present only in males. [AEO:JB]
The articular cartilage covering of the region of bone within a synoval joint. [AEO:JB]
An epithelial cell that secretes cuticle. [GOC:tfm]
A small cavity bounded by an epithelium. [AEO:JB]
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from 'star' cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with 'end feet' which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and 'reactive astrocytes' (along with microglia) respond to injury. [GOC:_tfm, GOC:dsd, MESH:A.08.637.200, MESH:D001253, PMID:11746784, PMID:12162730, PMID:12898703, PMID:20942978]
A neuroglial cell of ectodermal origin, i.e., the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes considered together. [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0721662544]
A central nervous system macrophage found in the parenchyma of the central nervous system. Marker include CD11b-positive, F4/80-positive, and CD68-positive. [GOC:add, GOC:dsd, GOC:tfm, ISBN:0721601464, MESH:D017628, PMID:11517395, PMID:12430718, PMID:14561199, PMID:14612429, PMID:16177057, PMID:19461673, PMID:2089275]
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system. [MESH:A.08.637.600]
A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. [MESH:A.08.637]
The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. [MESH:A.08.663, MESH:D009474]
A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. [GOC:tfm, PMID:5025404]
A germline cell that contributes to the development of the oocyte by transferring cytoplasm directly to oocyte. [GOC:tfm, PMID:15848391]
Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. [GOC:tfm, PMID:11023867, PMID:20454446]
A membranous structure with more than one cell type, one or more of which secretes mucus, that lines body passages which communicate with the exterior. [AEO:JB]
A head-associated surface sense organ. [CARO:MAH]
A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. [GOC:tfm]
A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). [MESH:A.11.620.520, MESH:D032389, PMID:9315361]
A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. [SANBI:mhl]
A glial cell that ensheathes axons of neuron in the peripheral nervous system and are necessary for their maintainance and function. [GOC:tfm]
A classification of cells by the number of haploid genome equivalents of their nucleus or nuclei. [FB:ma, GOC:tfm]
A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0721662544]
Originally this term had some plant germ line cell children
A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. [GOC:tfm, MESH:A.11.872]
A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. [MESH:A.11.620]
Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity. [CARO:MAH]
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. [JB:DEF]
The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. [MESH:A.05.360.490]
Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell. [CARO:MAH]
An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. [GOC:tfm]
Cuboidal endothelial cell of vascular tree
Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. [CARO:MAH]
An immature cartilage-producing cell found in growing cartilage. [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0618947256]
A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. [http://63.198.234.228/OpenFMA/Fibroblast.html, ISBN:0517223651, MESH:A.11.329.228]
A closed epithelium with a lumen. [AEO:JB]
An endocrine cell that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones in response to neuronal signals. [MESH:A.06.688]
An epithelial tube that transports blood towards the heart. [AEO:JB]
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. [CARO:MAH]
A gland that releases its secretion directly into the bloodstream, or equivalent for an invertebrate. [AEO:JB]
Acellular anatomical structure whose predominant constituent is keratin. [AEO:JB]
Anatomical entity that has mass. [CARO:MAH]
A roughly circular bulge in a surface. [AEO:JB]
Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. [CARO:MAH]
An epithelium that extends its surface area by peripheral movement. [AEO:JB]
An epithelial tube that transports blood. [AEO:JB]
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. [CARO:MAH]
Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. [CARO:MAH]
An epithelial tube that transports blood away from the heart. [AEO:JB]
A bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone. [MESH:A.11.329.629]
A group of neurons that provides a nervous response from a tissue. [AEO:JB]
Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. [CARO:MAH]
A group of neurons that provides a nervous signal to a tissue. [AEO:JB]
Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface. [CARO:MAH]
An anatomical entity consisting of a single or a few multinucleated structures. [AEO.:JB]
An roughly circular indentation in a surface. [AEO:JB]
Anatomical entity that has no mass. [CARO:MAH]
A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. [FB:ma, GOC:tfm, MESH:A.11.436]
A classification of cells by their microscopic appearance. [FB:ma, GOC:tfm]
An anatomical structure that, as part of its normal physiology, undergoes regeneration. Examples include endometrium and antlers. [AEO:JB]
descends [obo:descends]
descends
subEventOf [obo:subEventOf]
subEventOf
isReferenceForMapping [obo:isReferenceForMapping]
isReferenceForMapping
hasMapping [obo:hasMapping]
hasMapping