prepareforchange--2020-07-04--Masks Don’t Work: A Review of Science Relevant to COVID-19 Social Policy

Masks and respirators do not work .
There have been extensive randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) studies , and meta-analysis reviews of RCT studies , which all show that masks and respirators do not work to prevent respiratory influenza-like illnesses , or respiratory illnesses believed to be transmitted by droplets and aerosol particles .
Furthermore , the relevant known physics and biology , which I review , are such that masks and respirators should not work .
It would be a paradox if masks and respirators worked , given what we know about viral respiratory diseases : The main @ @ @ @ @ @ @ < 2.5 μm ) , which are too fine to be blocked , and the minimum-infective-dose is smaller than one aerosol particle .
The present paper about masks illustrates the degree to which governments , the mainstream media , and institutional propagandists can decide to operate in a science vacuum , or select only incomplete science that serves their interests .
Such recklessness is also certainly the case with the current global lockdown of over 1 billion people , an unprecedented experiment in medical and political history .
Here are key anchor points @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that wearing surgical masks and respirators ( e.g.
, “ N95 ” ) does not reduce the risk of contracting a verified illness : Jacobs , J. L. et al .
( 2009 ) “ Use of surgical face masks to reduce the incidence of the common cold among health care workers in Japan : A randomized controlled trial ” , American Journal of Infection Control , Volume 37 , Issue 5 , 417 – 419. https : //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19216002 N95-masked health-care workers ( HCW ) were significantly more likely to experience headaches .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ demonstrated to provide benefit in terms of cold symptoms or getting colds .
Cowling , B. et al .
( 2010 ) “ Face masks to prevent transmission of influenza virus : A systematic review ” , Epidemiology and Infection , 138 ( 4 ) , 449-456. doi:10.1017/S0950268809991658 https : //www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection/article/face e-masks-to-prevent-transmission-of-influenza-virus-a-systematicreview/64D368496EBDE0AFCC6639CCC9D8BC05 None of the studies reviewed showed a benefit from wearing a mask , in either HCW or community members in households ( H ) .
See summary Tables 1 and 2 therein .
bin-Reza et al .
( 2012 ) “ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ prevent transmission of influenza : a systematic review of the scientific evidence ” , Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6 ( 4 ) , 257-267. https : //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00307.x “ There were 17 eligible studies .
… None of the studies established a conclusive relationship between mask ⁄ respirator use and protection against influenza infection.
” Smith , J.D .
et al .
( 2016 ) “ Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks in protecting health care workers from acute respiratory infection : a systematic review and meta-analysis ” , CMAJ Mar 2016 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ : //www.cmaj.ca/content/188/8/567 “ We identified 6 clinical studies … In the meta-analysis of the clinical studies , we found no significant difference between N95 respirators and surgical masks in associated risk of ( a ) laboratory-confirmed respiratory infection , ( b ) influenza-like illness , or ( c ) reported work-place absenteeism.
” Offeddu , V. et al .
( 2017 ) “ Effectiveness of Masks and Respirators Against Respiratory Infections in Healthcare Workers : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ” , Clinical Infectious Diseases , Volume 65 , Issue 11 , 1 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ : //doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix681 https : //academic.oup.com/cid/article/65/11/1934/4068747 “ Self-reported assessment of clinical outcomes was prone to bias .
Evidence of a protective effect of masks or respirators against verified respiratory infection ( VRI ) was not statistically significant ” ; as per Fig .
2c therein : Radonovich , L.J .
et al .
( 2019 ) “ N95 Respirators vs Medical Masks for Preventing Influenza Among Health Care Personnel : A Randomized Clinical Trial ” , JAMA .
2019 ; 322 ( 9 ) : 824-833. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.11645 https : //jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2749214 “ Among 2862 randomized @ @ @ @ @ @ @ accounted for 5180 HCW-seasons .
… Among outpatient health care personnel , N95 respirators vs medical masks as worn by participants in this trial resulted in no significant difference in the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza.
” Long , Y. et al .
( 2020 ) “ Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks against influenza : A systematic review and meta‐analysis ” , J Evid Based Med .
2020 ; 1‐ 9. https : //doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12381 https : //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jebm.12381 “ A total of six RCTs involving 9 171 participants were included .
There were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ influenza , laboratory‐confirmed respiratory viral infections , laboratory‐confirmed respiratory infection and influenza-like illness using N95 respirators and surgical masks .
Meta‐analysis indicated a protective effect of N95 respirators against laboratory‐confirmed bacterial colonization ( RR = 0.58 , 95 % CI 0.43‐0.78 ) .
The use of N95 respirators compared with surgical masks is not associated with a lower risk of laboratory‐confirmed influenza.
” Conclusion Regarding that Masks Do Not Work No RCT study with verified outcome shows a benefit for HCW or community members in households to wearing a mask or respirator .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ are no exceptions .
Likewise , no study exists that shows a benefit from a broad policy to wear masks in public ( more on this below ) .
Furthermore , if there were any benefit to wearing a mask , because of the blocking power against droplets and aerosol particles , then there should be more benefit from wearing a respirator ( N95 ) compared to a surgical mask , yet several large meta-analyses , and all the RCT , prove that there is no such relative benefit .
Masks and respirators @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on Its Head with Masks In light of the medical research , therefore , it is difficult to understand why public-health authorities are not consistently adamant about this established scientific result , since the distributed psychological , economic and environmental harm from a broad recommendation to wear masks is significant , not to mention the unknown potential harm from concentration and distribution of pathogens on and from used masks .
In this case , public authorities would be turning the precautionary principle on its head ( see below ) .
Physics and Biology @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Masks Do Not Work In order to understand why masks can not possibly work , we must review established knowledge about viral respiratory diseases , the mechanism of seasonal variation of excess deaths from pneumonia and influenza , the aerosol mechanism of infectious disease transmission , the physics and chemistry of aerosols , and the mechanism of the so-called minimum-infective-dose .
In addition to pandemics that can occur anytime , in the temperate latitudes there is an extra burden of respiratory-disease mortality that is seasonal , and that is caused by viruses .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ influenza by Paules and Subbarao ( 2017 ) .
This has been known for a long time , and the seasonal pattern is exceedingly regular .
For example , see Figure 1 of Viboud ( 2010 ) , which has “ Weekly time series of the ratio of deaths from pneumonia and influenza to all deaths , based on the 122 cities surveillance in the US ( blue line ) .
The red line represents the expected baseline ratio in the absence of influenza activity , ” here : The seasonality of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ decade ago .
Until recently , it was debated whether the pattern arose primarily because of seasonal change in virulence of the pathogens , or because of seasonal change in susceptibility of the host ( such as from dry air causing tissue irritation , or diminished daylight causing vitamin deficiency or hormonal stress ) .
For example , see Dowell ( 2001 ) .
In a landmark study , Shaman et al .
( 2010 ) showed that the seasonal pattern of extra respiratory-disease mortality can be explained quantitatively on the sole basis @ @ @ @ @ @ @ controlling impact on transmission of airborne pathogens .
Lowen et al .
( 2007 ) demonstrated the phenomenon of humidity-dependent airborne- virus virulence in actual disease transmission between guinea pigs , and discussed potential underlying mechanisms for the measured controlling effect of humidity .
The underlying mechanism is that the pathogen -laden aerosol particles or droplets are neutralized within a half-life that monotonically and significantly decreases with increasing ambient humidity .
This is based on the seminal work of Harper ( 1961 ) .
Harper experimentally showed that viral- pathogen -carrying droplets were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ as ambient humidity was increased .
Harper argued that the viruses themselves were made inoperative by the humidity ( “ viable decay ” ) , however , he admitted that the effect could be from humidity-enhanced physical removal or sedimentation of the droplets ( “ physical loss ” ) : “ Aerosol viabilities reported in this paper are based on the ratio of virus titre to radioactive count in suspension and cloud samples , and can be criticized on the ground that test and tracer materials were not physically identical.
” The latter @ @ @ @ @ @ @ more plausible to me , since humidity would have a universal physical effect of causing particle / droplet growth and sedimentation , and all tested viral pathogens have essentially the same humidity- driven “ decay ” .
Furthermore , it is difficult to understand how a virion ( of all virus types ) in a droplet would be molecularly or structurally attacked or damaged by an increase in ambient humidity .
A “ virion ” is the complete , infective form of a virus outside a host cell , with a core of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The actual mechanism of such humidity-driven intra-droplet “ viable decay ” of a virion has not been explained or studied .
In any case , the explanation and model of Shaman et al .
( 2010 ) is not dependant on the particular mechanism of the humidity- driven decay of virions in aerosol / droplets .
Shaman ’ s quantitatively demonstrated model of seasonal regional viral epidemiology is valid for either mechanism ( or combination of mechanisms ) , whether “ viable decay ” or “ physical loss ” .
The breakthrough achieved @ @ @ @ @ @ @ merely some academic point .
Rather , it has profound health-policy implications , which have been entirely ignored or overlooked in the current coronavirus pandemic .
In particular , Shaman ’ s work necessarily implies that , rather than being a fixed number ( dependent solely on the spatial-temporal structure of social interactions in a completely susceptible population , and on the viral strain ) , the epidemic ’ s basic reproduction number ( R0 ) is highly or predominantly dependent on ambient absolute humidity .
For a definition of R0 , see @ @ @ @ @ @ @ “ the average number of secondary infections produced by a typical case of an infection in a population where everyone is susceptible.
” The average R0 for influenza is said to be 1.28 ( 1.19-1.37 ) ; see the comprehensive review by Biggerstaff et al .
( 2014 ) .
In fact , Shaman et al .
showed that R0 must be understood to seasonally vary between humid-summer values of just larger than “ 1 ” and dry-winter values typically as large as “ 4 ” ( for example , see their Table @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the seasonal infectious viral respiratory diseases that plague temperate latitudes every year go from being intrinsically mildly contagious to virulently contagious , due simply to the bio-physical mode of transmission controlled by atmospheric humidity , irrespective of any other consideration .
Therefore , all the epidemiological mathematical modelling of the benefits of mediating policies ( such as social distancing ) , which assumes humidity-independent R0 values , has a large likelihood of being of little value , on this basis alone .
For studies about modelling and regarding mediation effects on the effective @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) and Tracht ( 2010 ) .
To put it simply , the “ second wave ” of an epidemic is not a consequence of human sin regarding mask wearing and hand shaking .
Rather , the “ second wave ” is an inescapable consequence of an air-dryness-driven many-fold increase in disease contagiousness , in a population that has not yet attained immunity .
If my view of the mechanism is correct ( i.e.
, “ physical loss ” ) , then Shaman ’ s work further necessarily implies that the dryness-driven high @ @ @ @ @ @ @ small aerosol particles fluidly suspended in the air ; as opposed to large droplets that are quickly gravitationally removed from the air .
Such small aerosol particles fluidly suspended in air , of biological origin , are of every variety and are everywhere , including down to virion-sizes ( Despres , 2012 ) .
It is not entirely unlikely that viruses can thereby be physically transported over inter-continental distances ( e.g.
, Hammond , 1989 ) .
More to the point , indoor airborne virus concentrations have been shown to exist ( in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ onboard airplanes ) primarily as aerosol particles of diameters smaller than 2.5 μm , such as in the work of Yang et al .
( 2011 ) : “ Half of the 16 samples were positive , and their total virus concentrations ranged from 5800 to 37 000 genome copies m-3 .
On average , 64 per cent of the viral genome copies were associated with fine particles smaller than 2.5 µm , which can remain suspended for hours .
Modelling of virus concentrations indoors suggested a source strength of 1.6 ± 1.2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and a deposition flux onto surfaces of 13 ± 7 genome copies m-2 h-1 by Brownian motion .
Over 1 hour , the inhalation dose was estimated to be 30 ± 18 median tissue culture infectious dose ( TCID50 ) , adequate to induce infection .
These results provide quantitative support for the idea that the aerosol route could be an important mode of influenza transmission.
” Such small particles ( < 2.5 μm ) are part of air fluidity , are not subject to gravitational sedimentation , and would not be stopped @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that the slightest ( even momentary ) facial misfit of a mask or respirator renders the design filtration norm of the mask or respirator entirely irrelevant .
In any case , the filtration material itself of N95 ( average pore size ~0.3-0.5 μm ) does not block virion penetration , not to mention surgical masks .
For example , see Balazy et al .
( 2006 ) .
Mask stoppage efficiency and host inhalation are only half of the equation , however , because the minimal infective dose ( MID ) must also @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a large number of pathogen- laden particles must be delivered to the lung within a certain time for the illness to take hold , then partial blocking by any mask or cloth can be enough to make a significant difference .
On the other hand , if the MID is amply surpassed by the virions carried in a single aerosol particle able to evade mask-capture , then the mask is of no practical utility , which is the case .
Yezli and Otter ( 2011 ) , in their review of the MID @ @ @ @ @ @ @ most respiratory viruses are as infective in humans as in tissue culture having optimal laboratory susceptibility • it is believed that a single virion can be enough to induce illness in the host • the 50 % -probability MID ( “ TCID50 ” ) has variably been found to be in the range 100-1000 virions • there are typically 103-107 virions per aerolized influenza droplet with diameter 1 μm – 10 μm • the 50 % -probability MID easily fits into a single ( one ) aerolized droplet • A classic description of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 1993 ) .
• Zwart et al .
( 2009 ) provided the first laboratory proof , in a virus-insect system , that the action of a single virion can be sufficient to cause disease .
• Baccam et al .
( 2006 ) calculated from empirical data that , with influenza A in humans , “ we estimate that after a delay of ~6 h , infected cells begin producing influenza virus and continue to do so for ~5 h. The average lifetime of infected cells is ~11 h , and the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ h. We calculated the [ in-body ] basic reproductive number , R0 , which indicated that a single infected cell could produce ~22 new productive infections.
” • Brooke et al .
( 2013 ) showed that , contrary to prior modeling assumptions , although not all influenza-A-infected cells in the human body produce infectious progeny ( virions ) , nonetheless , 90 % of infected cell are significantly impacted , rather than simply surviving unharmed .
All of this to say that : if anything gets through ( and it always does @ @ @ @ @ @ @ then you are going to be infected .
Masks can not possibly work .
It is not surprising , therefore , that no bias-free study has ever found a benefit from wearing a mask or respirator in this application .
Therefore , the studies that show partial stopping power of masks , or that show that masks can capture many large droplets produced by a sneezing or coughing mask-wearer , in light of the above -described features of the problem , are irrelevant .
For example , such studies as these : Leung @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) , Lai ( 2012 ) , and Sande ( 2008 ) .
Why There Can Never Be an Empirical Test of a Nation-Wide Mask-Wearing Policy As mentioned above , no study exists that shows a benefit from a broad policy to wear masks in public .
There is good reason for this .
It would be impossible to obtain unambiguous and bias-free results : • Any benefit from mask-wearing would have to be a small effect , since undetected in controlled experiments , which would be swamped by the larger effects , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ humidity .
• Mask compliance and mask adjustment habits would be unknown .
• Mask-wearing is associated ( correlated ) with several other health behaviours ; see Wada ( 2012 ) .
• The results would not be transferable , because of differing cultural habits .
• Compliance is achieved by fear , and individuals can habituate to fear-based propaganda , and can have disparate basic responses .
• Monitoring and compliance measurement are near-impossible , and subject to large errors .
• Self-reporting ( such as in surveys ) is notoriously biased @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that their efforts are useful .
• Progression of the epidemic is not verified with reliable tests on large population samples , and generally relies on non-representative hospital visits or admissions .
• Several different pathogens ( viruses and strains of viruses ) causing respiratory illness generally act together , in the same population and/or in individuals , and are not resolved , while having different epidemiological characteristics .
Many potential harms may arise from broad public policies to wear masks , and the following unanswered questions arise : • Do used and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , for the wearer and others ?
• Do masks become collectors and retainers of pathogens that the mask wearer would otherwise avoid when breathing without a mask ?
• Are large droplets captured by a mask atomized or aerolized into breathable components ?
Can virions escape an evaporating droplet stuck to a mask fiber ?
• What are the dangers of bacterial growth on a used and loaded mask ?
• How do pathogen-laden droplets interact with environmental dust and aerosols captured on the mask ?
• What are long-term health effects @ @ @ @ @ @ @ arising from impeded breathing ?
• Are there negative social consequences to a masked society ?
• Are there negative psychological consequences to wearing a mask , as a fear-based behavioural modification ?
• What are the environmental consequences of mask manufacturing and disposal ?
• Do the masks shed fibres or substances that are harmful when inhaled ?
By making mask-wearing recommendations and policies for the general public , or by expressly condoning the practice , governments have both ignored the scientific evidence and done the opposite of following the precautionary principle @ @ @ @ @ @ @ governments should not make policies that have a hypothetical potential to cause harm .
The government has an onus barrier before it instigates a broad social-engineering intervention , or allows corporations to exploit fear-based sentiments .
Furthermore , individuals should know that there is no known benefit arising from wearing a mask in a viral respiratory illness epidemic , and that scientific studies have shown that any benefit must be residually small , compared to other and determinative factors .
Otherwise , what is the point of publicly funded science ?
The present @ @ @ @ @ @ @ which governments , the mainstream media , and institutional propagandists can decide to operate in a science vacuum , or select only incomplete science that serves their interests .
Such recklessness is also certainly the case with the current global lockdown of over 1 billion people , an unprecedented experiment in medical and political history .
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( 2006 ) “ Kinetics of Influenza A Virus Infection in Humans ” , Journal of Virology Jul 2006 , 80 ( 15 ) 7590-7599 ; DOI : 10.1128/JVI.01623-05 https : @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) “ Do N95 respirators provide 95 % protection level against airborne viruses , and how adequate are surgical masks ?
” , American Journal of Infection Control , Volume 34 , Issue 2 , March 2006 , Pages 51-57. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2005.08.018 https : //citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download ?
doi=10.1.1.488.4644 & rep=rep1 & type=pdf Biggerstaff , M. et al .
( 2014 ) “ Estimates of the reproduction number for seasonal , pandemic , and zoonotic influenza : a systematic review of the literature ” , BMC Infect Dis 14 , 480 ( 2014 ) .
https @ @ @ @ @ @ @ al .
( 2013 ) “ Most Influenza A Virions Fail To Express at Least One Essential Viral Protein ” , Journal of Virology Feb 2013 , 87 ( 6 ) 3155-3162 ; DOI : 10.1128/JVI.02284-12 https : //jvi.asm.org/content/87/6/3155 Coburn , B. J. et al .
( 2009 ) “ Modeling influenza epidemics and pandemics : insights into the future of swine flu ( H1N1 ) ” , BMC Med 7 , 30. https : //doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-7-30 Davies , A. et al .
( 2013 ) “ Testing the Efficacy of Homemade Masks : @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ?
” , Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness , Available on CJO 2013 doi:10.1017/dmp.2013.43 https : //journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1935789313000438 Despres , V. R. et al .
( 2012 ) “ Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere : a review ” , Tellus B : Chemical and Physical Meteorology , 64:1 , 15598 , DOI : 10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.15598 https : //doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.15598 Dowell , S. F. ( 2001 ) “ Seasonal variation in host susceptibility and cycles of certain infectious diseases ” , Emerg Infect Dis.2001 ; 7 ( 3 ) :369-374. doi:10.3201/eid0703.010301 https : //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2631809/ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( 1989 ) “ Impact of Atmospheric Dispersion and Transport of Viral Aerosols on the Epidemiology of Influenza ” , Reviews of Infectious Diseases , Volume 11 , Issue 3 , May 1989 , Pages 494-497 , https : //doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.3.494 Haas , C.N .
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( 1993 ) “ Risk Assessment of Virus in Drinking Water ” , Risk Analysis , 13 : 545-552. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb00013.x https : //doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb00013.x HealthKnowlege-UK ( 2020 ) “ Charter 1a – Epidemiology : Epidemic theory ( effective & basic reproduction numbers , epidemic thresholds ) & @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( construction & use of epidemic curves , generation numbers , exceptional reporting & identification of significant clusters ) ” , HealthKnowledge.org.uk , accessed on 2020-04-10. https : //www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/research-methods/1a-epidemiology/epidemic-theory Lai , A. C. K. et al .
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Originally published on www.ocla.ca
Summary / Abstract
Masks and respirators do not work.
There have been extensive randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies, and meta-analysis reviews of RCT studies, which all show that masks and respirators do not work to prevent respiratory influenza-like illnesses, or respiratory illnesses believed to be transmitted by droplets and aerosol particles.
Furthermore, the relevant known physics and biology, which I review, are such that masks and respirators should not work. It would be a paradox if masks and respirators worked, given what we know about viral respiratory diseases: The main transmission path is long-residence-time aerosol particles (< 2.5 μm), which are too fine to be blocked, and the minimum-infective-dose is smaller than one aerosol particle.
The present paper about masks illustrates the degree to which governments, the mainstream media, and institutional propagandists can decide to operate in a science vacuum, or select only incomplete science that serves their interests. Such recklessness is also certainly the case with the current global lockdown of over 1 billion people, an unprecedented experiment in medical and political history.
Review of the Medical Literature
Here are key anchor points to the extensive scientific literature that establishes that wearing surgical masks and respirators (e.g., “N95”) does not reduce the risk of contracting a verified illness:
Jacobs, J. L. et al. (2009) “Use of surgical face masks to reduce the incidence of the common cold among health care workers in Japan: A randomized controlled trial”, American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 37, Issue 5, 417 – 419. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19216002
N95-masked health-care workers (HCW) were significantly more likely to experience headaches. Face mask use in HCW was not demonstrated to provide benefit in terms of cold symptoms or getting colds.
Cowling, B. et al. (2010) “Face masks to prevent transmission of influenza virus: A systematic review”, Epidemiology and Infection, 138(4), 449-456. doi:10.1017/S0950268809991658 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection/article/face e-masks-to-prevent-transmission-of-influenza-virus-a-systematicreview/64D368496EBDE0AFCC6639CCC9D8BC05
None of the studies reviewed showed a benefit from wearing a mask, in either HCW or community members in households (H). See summary Tables 1 and 2 therein.
bin-Reza et al. (2012) “The use of masks and respirators to prevent transmission of influenza: a systematic review of the scientific evidence”, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(4), 257-267. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00307.x
“There were 17 eligible studies. … None of the studies established a conclusive relationship between mask ⁄ respirator use and protection against influenza infection.”
Smith, J.D. et al. (2016) “Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks in protecting health care workers from acute respiratory infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis”, CMAJ Mar 2016, cmaj.150835; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.150835 https://www.cmaj.ca/content/188/8/567
“We identified 6 clinical studies … In the meta-analysis of the clinical studies, we found no significant difference between N95 respirators and surgical masks in associated risk of (a) laboratory-confirmed respiratory infection, (b) influenza-like illness, or (c) reported work-place absenteeism.”
Offeddu, V. et al. (2017) “Effectiveness of Masks and Respirators Against Respiratory Infections in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 65, Issue 11, 1 December 2017, Pages 1934-1942, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix681 https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/65/11/1934/4068747
“Self-reported assessment of clinical outcomes was prone to bias. Evidence of a protective effect of masks or respirators against verified respiratory infection (VRI) was not statistically significant”; as per Fig. 2c therein:
Radonovich, L.J. et al. (2019) “N95 Respirators vs Medical Masks for Preventing Influenza Among Health Care Personnel: A Randomized Clinical Trial”, JAMA. 2019; 322(9): 824-833. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.11645 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2749214
“Among 2862 randomized participants, 2371 completed the study and accounted for 5180 HCW-seasons. … Among outpatient health care personnel, N95 respirators vs medical masks as worn by participants in this trial resulted in no significant difference in the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza.”
Long, Y. et al. (2020) “Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks against influenza: A systematic review and meta‐analysis”, J Evid Based Med. 2020; 1‐ 9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12381 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jebm.12381
“A total of six RCTs involving 9 171 participants were included. There were no statistically significant differences in preventing laboratory‐confirmed influenza, laboratory‐confirmed respiratory viral infections, laboratory‐confirmed respiratory infection and influenza-like illness using N95 respirators and surgical masks. Meta‐analysis indicated a protective effect of N95 respirators against laboratory‐confirmed bacterial colonization (RR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.43‐0.78). The use of N95 respirators compared with surgical masks is not associated with a lower risk of laboratory‐confirmed influenza.”
Conclusion Regarding that Masks Do Not Work
No RCT study with verified outcome shows a benefit for HCW or community members in households to wearing a mask or respirator. There is no such study. There are no exceptions.
Likewise, no study exists that shows a benefit from a broad policy to wear masks in public (more on this below).
Furthermore, if there were any benefit to wearing a mask, because of the blocking power against droplets and aerosol particles, then there should be more benefit from wearing a respirator (N95) compared to a surgical mask, yet several large meta-analyses, and all the RCT, prove that there is no such relative benefit.
Masks and respirators do not work.
Precautionary Principle Turned on Its Head with Masks
In light of the medical research, therefore, it is difficult to understand why public-health authorities are not consistently adamant about this established scientific result, since the distributed psychological, economic and environmental harm from a broad recommendation to wear masks is significant, not to mention the unknown potential harm from concentration and distribution of pathogens on and from used masks. In this case, public authorities would be turning the precautionary principle on its head (see below).
Physics and Biology of Viral Respiratory Disease and of Why Masks Do Not Work
In order to understand why masks cannot possibly work, we must review established knowledge about viral respiratory diseases, the mechanism of seasonal variation of excess deaths from pneumonia and influenza, the aerosol mechanism of infectious disease transmission, the physics and chemistry of aerosols, and the mechanism of the so-called minimum-infective-dose.
In addition to pandemics that can occur anytime, in the temperate latitudes there is an extra burden of respiratory-disease mortality that is seasonal, and that is caused by viruses. For example, see the review of influenza by Paules and Subbarao (2017). This has been known for a long time, and the seasonal pattern is exceedingly regular.
For example, see Figure 1 of Viboud (2010), which has “Weekly time series of the ratio of deaths from pneumonia and influenza to all deaths, based on the 122 cities surveillance in the US (blue line). The red line represents the expected baseline ratio in the absence of influenza activity,” here:
The seasonality of the phenomenon was largely not understood until a decade ago. Until recently, it was debated whether the pattern arose primarily because of seasonal change in virulence of the pathogens, or because of seasonal change in susceptibility of the host (such as from dry air causing tissue irritation, or diminished daylight causing vitamin deficiency or hormonal stress). For example, see Dowell (2001).
In a landmark study, Shaman et al. (2010) showed that the seasonal pattern of extra respiratory-disease mortality can be explained quantitatively on the sole basis of absolute humidity, and its direct controlling impact on transmission of airborne pathogens.
Lowen et al. (2007) demonstrated the phenomenon of humidity-dependent airborne- virus virulence in actual disease transmission between guinea pigs, and discussed potential underlying mechanisms for the measured controlling effect of humidity.
The underlying mechanism is that the pathogen -laden aerosol particles or droplets are neutralized within a half-life that monotonically and significantly decreases with increasing ambient humidity. This is based on the seminal work of Harper (1961). Harper experimentally showed that viral- pathogen -carrying droplets were inactivated within shorter and shorter times, as ambient humidity was increased.
Harper argued that the viruses themselves were made inoperative by the humidity (“viable decay”), however, he admitted that the effect could be from humidity-enhanced physical removal or sedimentation of the droplets (“physical loss”): “Aerosol viabilities reported in this paper are based on the ratio of virus titre to radioactive count in suspension and cloud samples, and can be criticized on the ground that test and tracer materials were not physically identical.”
The latter (“physical loss”) seems more plausible to me, since humidity would have a universal physical effect of causing particle / droplet growth and sedimentation, and all tested viral pathogens have essentially the same humidity- driven “decay”. Furthermore, it is difficult to understand how a virion (of all virus types) in a droplet would be molecularly or structurally attacked or damaged by an increase in ambient humidity. A “virion” is the complete, infective form of a virus outside a host cell, with a core of RNA or DNA and a capsid. The actual mechanism of such humidity-driven intra-droplet “viable decay” of a virion has not been explained or studied.
In any case, the explanation and model of Shaman et al. (2010) is not dependant on the particular mechanism of the humidity- driven decay of virions in aerosol / droplets. Shaman’s quantitatively demonstrated model of seasonal regional viral epidemiology is valid for either mechanism (or combination of mechanisms), whether “viable decay” or “physical loss”.
The breakthrough achieved by Shaman et al. is not merely some academic point. Rather, it has profound health-policy implications, which have been entirely ignored or overlooked in the current coronavirus pandemic.
In particular, Shaman’s work necessarily implies that, rather than being a fixed number (dependent solely on the spatial-temporal structure of social interactions in a completely susceptible population, and on the viral strain), the epidemic’s basic reproduction number (R0) is highly or predominantly dependent on ambient absolute humidity.
For a definition of R0, see HealthKnowlege-UK (2020): R0 is “the average number of secondary infections produced by a typical case of an infection in a population where everyone is susceptible.” The average R0 for influenza is said to be 1.28 (1.19-1.37); see the comprehensive review by Biggerstaff et al. (2014).
In fact, Shaman et al. showed that R0 must be understood to seasonally vary between humid-summer values of just larger than “1” and dry-winter values typically as large as “4” (for example, see their Table 2). In other words, the seasonal infectious viral respiratory diseases that plague temperate latitudes every year go from being intrinsically mildly contagious to virulently contagious, due simply to the bio-physical mode of transmission controlled by atmospheric humidity, irrespective of any other consideration.
Therefore, all the epidemiological mathematical modelling of the benefits of mediating policies (such as social distancing), which assumes humidity-independent R0 values, has a large likelihood of being of little value, on this basis alone. For studies about modelling and regarding mediation effects on the effective reproduction number, see Coburn (2009) and Tracht (2010).
To put it simply, the “second wave” of an epidemic is not a consequence of human sin regarding mask wearing and hand shaking. Rather, the “second wave” is an inescapable consequence of an air-dryness-driven many-fold increase in disease contagiousness, in a population that has not yet attained immunity.
If my view of the mechanism is correct (i.e., “physical loss”), then Shaman’s work further necessarily implies that the dryness-driven high transmissibility (large R0) arises from small aerosol particles fluidly suspended in the air; as opposed to large droplets that are quickly gravitationally removed from the air.
Such small aerosol particles fluidly suspended in air, of biological origin, are of every variety and are everywhere, including down to virion-sizes (Despres, 2012). It is not entirely unlikely that viruses can thereby be physically transported over inter-continental distances (e.g., Hammond, 1989).
More to the point, indoor airborne virus concentrations have been shown to exist (in day-care facilities, health centres, and onboard airplanes) primarily as aerosol particles of diameters smaller than 2.5 μm, such as in the work of Yang et al. (2011):
“Half of the 16 samples were positive, and their total virus concentrations ranged from 5800 to 37 000 genome copies m-3. On average, 64 per cent of the viral genome copies were associated with fine particles smaller than 2.5 µm, which can remain suspended for hours. Modelling of virus concentrations indoors suggested a source strength of 1.6 ± 1.2 × 105genome copies m-3 air h -1 and a deposition flux onto surfaces of 13 ± 7 genome copies m-2 h-1 by Brownian motion. Over 1 hour, the inhalation dose was estimated to be 30 ± 18 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), adequate to induce infection. These results provide quantitative support for the idea that the aerosol route could be an important mode of influenza transmission.”
Such small particles (< 2.5 μm) are part of air fluidity, are not subject to gravitational sedimentation, and would not be stopped by long-range inertial impact. This means that the slightest (even momentary) facial misfit of a mask or respirator renders the design filtration norm of the mask or respirator entirely irrelevant. In any case, the filtration material itself of N95 (average pore size ~0.3-0.5 μm) does not block virion penetration, not to mention surgical masks. For example, see Balazy et al. (2006).
Mask stoppage efficiency and host inhalation are only half of the equation, however, because the minimal infective dose (MID) must also be considered. For example, if a large number of pathogen- laden particles must be delivered to the lung within a certain time for the illness to take hold, then partial blocking by any mask or cloth can be enough to make a significant difference.
On the other hand, if the MID is amply surpassed by the virions carried in a single aerosol particle able to evade mask-capture, then the mask is of no practical utility, which is the case.
Yezli and Otter (2011), in their review of the MID, point out relevant features:
most respiratory viruses are as infective in humans as in tissue culture having optimal laboratory susceptibility
it is believed that a single virion can be enough to induce illness in the host
the 50%-probability MID (“TCID50”) has variably been found to be in the range 100-1000 virions
there are typically 10 3 -10 7 virions per aerolized influenza droplet with diameter 1 μm – 10 μm
-10 virions per aerolized influenza droplet with diameter 1 μm – 10 μm the 50%-probability MID easily fits into a single (one) aerolized droplet
For further background:
A classic description of dose-response assessment is provided by Haas (1993).
Zwart et al. (2009) provided the first laboratory proof, in a virus-insect system, that the action of a single virion can be sufficient to cause disease.
Baccam et al. (2006) calculated from empirical data that, with influenza A in humans, “we estimate that after a delay of ~6 h, infected cells begin producing influenza virus and continue to do so for ~5 h. The average lifetime of infected cells is ~11 h, and the half-life of free infectious virus is ~3 h. We calculated the [in-body] basic reproductive number, R0, which indicated that a single infected cell could produce ~22 new productive infections.”
Brooke et al. (2013) showed that, contrary to prior modeling assumptions, although not all influenza-A-infected cells in the human body produce infectious progeny (virions), nonetheless, 90% of infected cell are significantly impacted, rather than simply surviving unharmed.
All of this to say that: if anything gets through (and it always does, irrespective of the mask), then you are going to be infected. Masks cannot possibly work. It is not surprising, therefore, that no bias-free study has ever found a benefit from wearing a mask or respirator in this application.
Therefore, the studies that show partial stopping power of masks, or that show that masks can capture many large droplets produced by a sneezing or coughing mask-wearer, in light of the above -described features of the problem, are irrelevant. For example, such studies as these: Leung (2020), Davies (2013), Lai (2012), and Sande (2008).
Why There Can Never Be an Empirical Test of a Nation-Wide Mask-Wearing Policy
As mentioned above, no study exists that shows a benefit from a broad policy to wear masks in public. There is good reason for this. It would be impossible to obtain unambiguous and bias-free results:
Any benefit from mask-wearing would have to be a small effect, since undetected in controlled experiments, which would be swamped by the larger effects, notably the large effect from changing atmospheric humidity.
Mask compliance and mask adjustment habits would be unknown.
Mask-wearing is associated (correlated) with several other health behaviours; see Wada (2012).
The results would not be transferable, because of differing cultural habits.
Compliance is achieved by fear, and individuals can habituate to fear-based propaganda, and can have disparate basic responses.
Monitoring and compliance measurement are near-impossible, and subject to large errors.
Self-reporting (such as in surveys) is notoriously biased, because individuals have the self-interested belief that their efforts are useful.
Progression of the epidemic is not verified with reliable tests on large population samples, and generally relies on non-representative hospital visits or admissions.
Several different pathogens (viruses and strains of viruses) causing respiratory illness generally act together, in the same population and/or in individuals, and are not resolved, while having different epidemiological characteristics.
Unknown Aspects of Mask Wearing
Many potential harms may arise from broad public policies to wear masks, and the following unanswered questions arise:
Do used and loaded masks become sources of enhanced transmission, for the wearer and others?
Do masks become collectors and retainers of pathogens that the mask wearer would otherwise avoid when breathing without a mask?
Are large droplets captured by a mask atomized or aerolized into breathable components? Can virions escape an evaporating droplet stuck to a mask fiber?
What are the dangers of bacterial growth on a used and loaded mask?
How do pathogen-laden droplets interact with environmental dust and aerosols captured on the mask?
What are long-term health effects on HCW, such as headaches, arising from impeded breathing?
Are there negative social consequences to a masked society?
Are there negative psychological consequences to wearing a mask, as a fear-based behavioural modification?
What are the environmental consequences of mask manufacturing and disposal?
Do the masks shed fibres or substances that are harmful when inhaled?
Conclusion
By making mask-wearing recommendations and policies for the general public, or by expressly condoning the practice, governments have both ignored the scientific evidence and done the opposite of following the precautionary principle.
In an absence of knowledge, governments should not make policies that have a hypothetical potential to cause harm. The government has an onus barrier before it instigates a broad social-engineering intervention, or allows corporations to exploit fear-based sentiments.
Furthermore, individuals should know that there is no known benefit arising from wearing a mask in a viral respiratory illness epidemic, and that scientific studies have shown that any benefit must be residually small, compared to other and determinative factors.
Otherwise, what is the point of publicly funded science?
The present paper about masks illustrates the degree to which governments, the mainstream media, and institutional propagandists can decide to operate in a science vacuum, or select only incomplete science that serves their interests. Such recklessness is also certainly the case with the current global lockdown of over 1 billion people, an unprecedented experiment in medical and political history.
Endnotes:
Baccam, P. et al. (2006) “Kinetics of Influenza A Virus Infection in Humans”, Journal of Virology Jul 2006, 80 (15) 7590-7599; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01623-05 https://jvi.asm.org/content/80/15/7590
Balazy et al. (2006) “Do N95 respirators provide 95% protection level against airborne viruses, and how adequate are surgical masks?”, American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 34, Issue 2, March 2006, Pages 51-57. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2005.08.018 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.488.4644&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Biggerstaff, M. et al. (2014) “Estimates of the reproduction number for seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic influenza: a systematic review of the literature”, BMC Infect Dis 14, 480 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-480
Brooke, C. B. et al. (2013) “Most Influenza A Virions Fail To Express at Least One Essential Viral Protein”, Journal of Virology Feb 2013, 87 (6) 3155-3162; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02284-12 https://jvi.asm.org/content/87/6/3155
Coburn, B. J. et al. (2009) “Modeling influenza epidemics and pandemics: insights into the future of swine flu (H1N1)”, BMC Med 7, 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-7-30
Davies, A. et al. (2013) “Testing the Efficacy of Homemade Masks: Would They Protect in an Influenza Pandemic?”, Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, Available on CJO 2013 doi:10.1017/dmp.2013.43 https://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1935789313000438
Despres, V. R. et al. (2012) “Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review”, Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 64:1, 15598, DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.15598 https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.15598
Dowell, S. F. (2001) “Seasonal variation in host susceptibility and cycles of certain infectious diseases”, Emerg Infect Dis.2001;7(3):369-374. doi:10.3201/eid0703.010301 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2631809/
Hammond, G. W. et al. (1989) “Impact of Atmospheric Dispersion and Transport of Viral Aerosols on the Epidemiology of Influenza”, Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Volume 11, Issue 3, May 1989, Pages 494-497, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.3.494
Haas, C.N. et al. (1993) “Risk Assessment of Virus in Drinking Water”, Risk Analysis, 13: 545-552. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb00013.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb00013.x
HealthKnowlege-UK (2020) “Charter 1a – Epidemiology: Epidemic theory (effective & basic reproduction numbers, epidemic thresholds) & techniques for analysis of infectious disease data (construction & use of epidemic curves, generation numbers, exceptional reporting & identification of significant clusters)”, HealthKnowledge.org.uk, accessed on 2020-04-10. https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/research-methods/1a-epidemiology/epidemic-theory
Lai, A. C. K. et al. (2012) “Effectiveness of facemasks to reduce exposure hazards for airborne infections among general populations”, J. R. Soc. Interface. 9938-948 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0537
Leung, N.H.L. et al. (2020) “Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks”, Nature Medicine(2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2
Lowen, A. C. et al. (2007) “Influenza Virus Transmission Is Dependent on Relative Humidity and Temperature”, PLoS Pathog 3(10): e151. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0030151
Paules, C. and Subbarao, S. (2017) “Influenza”, Lancet, Seminar| Volume 390, ISSUE 10095, P697-708, August 12, 2017. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30129-0
Sande, van der, M. et al. (2008) “Professional and Home-Made Face Masks Reduce Exposure to Respiratory Infections among the General Population”, PLoS ONE 3(7): e2618. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002618 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002618
Shaman, J. et al. (2010) “Absolute Humidity and the Seasonal Onset of Influenza in the Continental United States”, PLoS Biol 8(2): e1000316. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000316
Tracht, S. M. et al. (2010) “Mathematical Modeling of the Effectiveness of Facemasks in Reducing the Spread of Novel Influenza A (H1N1)”, PLoS ONE 5(2): e9018. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009018 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009018
Viboud C. et al. (2010) “Preliminary Estimates of Mortality and Years of Life Lost Associated with the 2009 A/H1N1 Pandemic in the US and Comparison with Past Influenza Seasons”, PLoS Curr. 2010; 2:RRN1153. Published 2010 Mar 20. doi:10.1371/currents.rrn1153 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2843747/
Wada, K. et al. (2012) “Wearing face masks in public during the influenza season may reflect other positive hygiene practices in Japan”, BMC Public Health 12, 1065 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-106
Yang, W. et al. (2011) “Concentrations and size distributions of airborne influenza A viruses measured indoors at a health centre, a day-care centre and on aeroplanes”, Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 2011 Aug;8(61):1176-1184. DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0686. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2010.0686
Yezli, S., Otter, J.A. (2011) “Minimum Infective Dose of the Major Human Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Transmitted Through Food and the Environment”, Food Environ Virol 3, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-011-9056-7
Zwart, M. P. et al. (2009) “An experimental test of the independent action hypothesis in virus- insect pathosystems”, Proc. R. Soc. B. 2762233-2242 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0064


prepareforchange--2020-07-04--Declaration of the Violation Against Humanity’s Free Will and Birth Rights

Was man given Free Will when he took his place on the surface of our home planet Earth ?
Teachings and educational accounts say “ Yes ” and this Prime Directive comes into play everyday in the decisions of our Society ’ s Co-Creative Consciousness .
However , many questions arise as to the veracity of this claim .
For example : Does our Earth surface Humanity allow unfettered good to happen to its inhabitants naturally ?
Or are our lives controlled and subjugated by fear ?
Do we manifest our Creator ’ s intended spirituality and evolution ?
Or @ @ @ @ @ @ @ attack in attempts to control us by Dark Forces ?
Does all of Humanity approve of the wars we ’ re involved in ?
Or do Humanity ’ s wars benefit the few self-appointed “ elites ?
” Are our elections run freely and do the masses votes count ?
Or , are we under the illusion of Democracy where voting is second to actual vote counting .
Who then , do our politicians and government serve if not the people ?
We offer up to Humanity , the Earth Alliance , the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ overseeing bodies , the Ascended Masters , the Galactic Federation , the Galactic Confederation , and all other participating Galactics and concerned parties that Humanity ’ s Free Will and Birth Rights have been severely violated in our human history and are under intolerable attack right now .
We ask that the global elite power control be ended and that Humanity be given and restored , the true Birth Right of our Creator ’ s intended inheritance .
Through the course of human events , it once again becomes necessary for people to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ which have connected them with other persons and beings and to assume among the powers of the Earth , the separate and equal station to which the Laws of the Universe and the Prime Directive of the One Infinite Creator entitle them , a profound respect to the Forces of the Universe requires that they should declare the causes which compel them to the separation .
We hold these truths to be clarion among the Universe , that all Men are created to their Highest Potential , that Mankind was given certain Universal @ @ @ @ @ @ @ these are Life , Liberty , and the pursuit of Happiness among the Earth and in its rightful place among the Universe .
That to secure these rights , PUBLIC GOVERNMENTS were to be instituted among Men , deriving their just powers from the open and honest consent of the governed , that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends , it is the Birth Right of the Humanity and it ’ s People to alter or abolish it , and to institute new Government , laying its foundation on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ such form , as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness .
Indeed , Governments should not be changed for light and transient causes ; but when a long train of abuses and usurpations of Humanity reduces said Humanity to mental , emotional , physical , financial and spiritual enslavement under absolute Despotism , it is their right , it is their duty , to throw off such Government , and to provide new Guards for their future security .
— Such has been the patient sufferance of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Secret Government Global Cabal .
The history of the Global Elite is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations , all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over the world identified as the New World Order .
To prove this , let facts be submitted to a dutiful and honorable Universe : Humanity ’ s Free Will and Birth Right has been violated when : A global financial system is allowed to enslave people through fear and the creation of “ Babylonian Money Magic Slave System ” Election fraud @ @ @ @ @ @ @ systematic voter purging , vote flipping , voter disenfranchisement , disallowance of whole and rightful voting tallies Mass media portends election tampering when in collusion with party officials to support certain candidates while dissuading others or falsely announcing outcomes prior to final poll results and/or announce fabricated poll standings The system of government is bypassed with unconstitutional Executive Orders usurping the power conferred in the Congress and right of representational rule is often abridged in exchange for money Aggressor nations and allies like the US and NATO carry out Illegal Wars without consent @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of War , without authority from the UN , and without approval from the victim nation During the ongoing “ War on Terror ” public discourse is bypassed , muzzled and quelled by force and perpetrated as a threat to the welfare of a free and open society through social engineered and orchestrated descent or abject opposition to peace creating a divide and rush to judgment with often biased collusion and controlled narrative through broadcast television intended to instill more fear into the masses Crimes against nature , the environment , Gaia , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ are committed against peaceful protest with illegitimate police forces and misinformed accomplices working against the common good and , rather , for the protection of corporate interests and greed and hidden agendas of the elite The very existence of Humanity is threatened by further war and aggressions in the pursuit of resources , money and pursuit of material over spiritual betterment Healthcare is not freely provided to those in need but made a profit motive and an entire pharmaceutical and healthcare industry is propagated on profits over patients managing people to stay sick @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the very disease they are in public trust to prevent .
Healing technologies are developed , paid for through taxation yet inaccessible to the masses Free energy technology is proven and available but undisclosed under the guise of “ National Security ” and status quo Electromagnetic Fields are used as weaponry over Humanity causing depression , lethargy , lack of will and vitality Surveillance technology creates a totalitarian state of repressive , obtrusive , over-reaching intrusion into daily life of free persons The truth of our human origins are kept hidden from Humanity @ @ @ @ @ @ @ knowledge and evolution Humanity has endured these oppressions for far too long and at great cost to Human Life , sense of Safety and Security , and Prosperity .
Humanity has been protesting these violations and voting for change , change that gets usurped by the global elite and not administered in earnest to the service-of-others .
We have appealed to our courts and magnanimity for years to no avail .
In the current times , we must , therefore , acquiesce in the necessity , to denounce our bonds of dissolution and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and hold the Global Elite Cabal as conscious and guilty violators , murderers , and instigators of Crimes against Humanity , in Peace – as Co-inhabitants of our wondrous , rich , just and bountiful planet Earth .
We , therefore , a small band of Awakened Humans of Planet Earth on behalf of all Humanity , appealing to the Supreme Judge and Non-Terrestrial Supreme Federation currently in our Sol System via the Guardians , Resistance Movement , Galactic Federation , Ascended Masters and others in awareness , solemnly publish and declare , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Authority of the Prime Directive on behalf of the good people of the Earth , that by Birth Right , WE ought to be Free and Held Harmless , that Humanity is Absolved from the Enslavement of the Global Elite Cabal and the extending and harming powers extended from therein .
That we have by Right the ability to Ascend to Humanity ’ s inevitable potential along with the Earth – Gaia , with help and assistance of Higher Evolved Beings and those former oppressors who undergo supervised and qualified , celestial and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ righteous and solemnly repentant .
We are thankful that the planet should be going through its rightful ascension right now , but not happy that the true benefits to Humanity are being unfairly withheld from the overwhelming majority of us .
Please heed the cries of the Earth ’ s Beings , be they Microbial Life , Mineral Life , Plant Life , Sea Life , Animal Life , Mammalian Life , Avian Life , Human Life , Extra-Terrestrial Life , Extra-Dimensional Life , Inner-Earth Life .
The Universe surely hears the cries @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the ocean , the coughing of the skies , the dying of the fertility of the earth ’ s once bountiful food harvest , and the sorrow of our Brothers and Sisters as unified voices that need to be heard and responded to in this greatest hour of need .
We therefore submit Our plea , in the Love and Light of the One Infinite Creator , one day hoping to join You and the Universe as a Free and Ascended Humanity , glorifying in the Power and Peace of the One Infinite @ @ @ @ @ @ @ name in the comments below and share .
Disclaimer : We at Prepare for Change ( PFC ) bring you information that is not offered by the mainstream news , and therefore may seem controversial .
The opinions , views , statements , and/or information we present are not necessarily promoted , endorsed , espoused , or agreed to by Prepare for Change , its leadership Council , members , those who work with PFC , or those who read its content .
However , they are hopefully provocative .
Please use discernment @ @ @ @ @ @ @ intuition and your own connection with Source , Spirit and Natural Laws to help you determine what is true and what is not .
By sharing information and seeding dialogue , it is our goal to raise consciousness and awareness of higher truths to free us from enslavement of the matrix in this material realm .

Was man given Free Will when he took his place on the surface of our home planet Earth? Teachings and educational accounts say “Yes” and this Prime Directive comes into play everyday in the decisions of our Society’s Co-Creative Consciousness. However, many questions arise as to the veracity of this claim. For example: Does our Earth surface Humanity allow unfettered good to happen to its inhabitants naturally? Or are our lives controlled and subjugated by fear? Do we manifest our Creator’s intended spirituality and evolution? Or, are our Birth Rights under heavy attack in attempts to control us by Dark Forces? Does all of Humanity approve of the wars we’re involved in? Or do Humanity’s wars benefit the few self-appointed “elites?” Are our elections run freely and do the masses votes count? Or, are we under the illusion of Democracy where voting is second to actual vote counting. Who then, do our politicians and government serve if not the people?
We offer up to Humanity, the Earth Alliance, the Angels, the Guardians, the Non-Terrestrial overseeing bodies, the Ascended Masters, the Galactic Federation, the Galactic Confederation, and all other participating Galactics and concerned parties that Humanity’s Free Will and Birth Rights have been severely violated in our human history and are under intolerable attack right now. We ask that the global elite power control be ended and that Humanity be given and restored, the true Birth Right of our Creator’s intended inheritance.
Through the course of human events, it once again becomes necessary for people to dissolve the illegitimate controlling bands of power which have connected them with other persons and beings and to assume among the powers of the Earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of the Universe and the Prime Directive of the One Infinite Creator entitle them, a profound respect to the Forces of the Universe requires that they should declare the causes which compel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be clarion among the Universe, that all Men are created to their Highest Potential, that Mankind was given certain Universal and Human Birth Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness among the Earth and in its rightful place among the Universe. That to secure these rights, PUBLIC GOVERNMENTS were to be instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the open and honest consent of the governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Birth Right of the Humanity and it’s People to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Indeed, Governments should not be changed for light and transient causes; but when a long train of abuses and usurpations of Humanity reduces said Humanity to mental, emotional, physical, financial and spiritual enslavement under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. — Such has been the patient sufferance of the Global Nations under control of the Secret Government Global Cabal. The history of the Global Elite is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over the world identified as the New World Order.
To prove this, let facts be submitted to a dutiful and honorable Universe:
Humanity’s Free Will and Birth Right has been violated when: A global financial system is allowed to enslave people through fear and the creation of “Babylonian Money Magic Slave System” Election fraud is perpetrated on the voting masses through systematic voter purging, vote flipping, voter disenfranchisement, disallowance of whole and rightful voting tallies Mass media portends election tampering when in collusion with party officials to support certain candidates while dissuading others or falsely announcing outcomes prior to final poll results and/or announce fabricated poll standings The system of government is bypassed with unconstitutional Executive Orders usurping the power conferred in the Congress and right of representational rule is often abridged in exchange for money Aggressor nations and allies like the US and NATO carry out Illegal Wars without consent of the US Congress, without Declaration of War, without authority from the UN, and without approval from the victim nation During the ongoing “War on Terror” public discourse is bypassed, muzzled and quelled by force and perpetrated as a threat to the welfare of a free and open society through social engineered and orchestrated descent or abject opposition to peace creating a divide and rush to judgment with often biased collusion and controlled narrative through broadcast television intended to instill more fear into the masses Crimes against nature, the environment, Gaia, food crops, our skies and oceans are committed against peaceful protest with illegitimate police forces and misinformed accomplices working against the common good and, rather, for the protection of corporate interests and greed and hidden agendas of the elite The very existence of Humanity is threatened by further war and aggressions in the pursuit of resources, money and pursuit of material over spiritual betterment Healthcare is not freely provided to those in need but made a profit motive and an entire pharmaceutical and healthcare industry is propagated on profits over patients managing people to stay sick or clinically diseased and vaccinated often harboring the very disease they are in public trust to prevent. Healing technologies are developed, paid for through taxation yet inaccessible to the masses Free energy technology is proven and available but undisclosed under the guise of “National Security” and status quo Electromagnetic Fields are used as weaponry over Humanity causing depression, lethargy, lack of will and vitality Surveillance technology creates a totalitarian state of repressive, obtrusive, over-reaching intrusion into daily life of free persons The truth of our human origins are kept hidden from Humanity thus denying us our Birth Right to knowledge and evolution
Humanity has endured these oppressions for far too long and at great cost to Human Life, sense of Safety and Security, and Prosperity. Humanity has been protesting these violations and voting for change, change that gets usurped by the global elite and not administered in earnest to the service-of-others. We have appealed to our courts and magnanimity for years to no avail. In the current times, we must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, to denounce our bonds of dissolution and demand that the truth be disclosed, and hold the Global Elite Cabal as conscious and guilty violators, murderers, and instigators of Crimes against Humanity, in Peace – as Co-inhabitants of our wondrous, rich, just and bountiful planet Earth.
We, therefore, a small band of Awakened Humans of Planet Earth on behalf of all Humanity, appealing to the Supreme Judge and Non-Terrestrial Supreme Federation currently in our Sol System via the Guardians, Resistance Movement, Galactic Federation, Ascended Masters and others in awareness, solemnly publish and declare, in the Name, and by the Authority of the Prime Directive on behalf of the good people of the Earth, that by Birth Right, WE ought to be Free and Held Harmless, that Humanity is Absolved from the Enslavement of the Global Elite Cabal and the extending and harming powers extended from therein. That we have by Right the ability to Ascend to Humanity’s inevitable potential along with the Earth – Gaia, with help and assistance of Higher Evolved Beings and those former oppressors who undergo supervised and qualified, celestial and Non-Terrestrial healing, and are just, righteous and solemnly repentant.
We are thankful that the planet should be going through its rightful ascension right now, but not happy that the true benefits to Humanity are being unfairly withheld from the overwhelming majority of us. Please heed the cries of the Earth’s Beings, be they Microbial Life, Mineral Life, Plant Life, Sea Life, Animal Life, Mammalian Life, Avian Life, Human Life, Extra-Terrestrial Life, Extra-Dimensional Life, Inner-Earth Life. The Universe surely hears the cries of the trees, the sickness of the ocean, the coughing of the skies, the dying of the fertility of the earth’s once bountiful food harvest, and the sorrow of our Brothers and Sisters as unified voices that need to be heard and responded to in this greatest hour of need.
We therefore submit Our plea, in the Love and Light of the One Infinite Creator, one day hoping to join You and the Universe as a Free and Ascended Humanity, glorifying in the Power and Peace of the One Infinite Creator.
Feel free to add your name in the comments below and share.
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prepareforchange--2020-07-04--Business Uncertainty About Sales Goes Haywire

These Charts Show What Mess Businesses Face Going Forward .
I ’ m going to show you a chart based on data that the Atlanta Fed released today .
We ’ ll dissect it in a moment .
The chart would be funny , if it weren ’ t so serious .
At first , just look at the chart superficially .
These results are based on surveys of businesses of a wide variety of sizes , spread across all sectors of the economy ( except agriculture and government ) , in all regions of the US .
They ’ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of sales , employment , and capital investment over the next 12 months .
And the chart also shows how uncertain the participants are about their own expectations .
So this is about expectations for their own businesses , and about the uncertainty of their own expectations .
For now , just look at the chart without analyzing it : It shows better than just about anything else what mess businesses face going forward : Their world has gone haywire .
The pandemic has hit businesses differently .
Some businesses have reported booms @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by the lockdowns and other factors , and they have trouble keeping up .
Other businesses are in a state of collapse or have filed for bankruptcy .
And then there ’ s every business in between .
And these results are the averages of the pandemic ’ s winners and losers combined .
Expectations of Growth and the Uncertainty of those Expectations .
There are two factors here in the Atlanta Fed/Chicago Booth/Stanford Survey of Business Uncertainty : These companies ’ expectations ; and their uncertainty about their own expectations .
Expectations @ @ @ @ @ @ @ months ( red line in the chart below has been trending down since November 2018 ( high of 128.5 ) .
This was later borne out by the slowing economy .
Those expectations were already low before the pandemic hit in December 2019 ( 86.7 ) , indicating a further slowdown of the economy for 2020 , and remained roughly in that range in January and February .
The collapse of those expectations commenced in March ( 53.6 ) , and carried through April ( 0 ) and May ( -36.6 ) .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ remained terribly low ( -28.9 ) .
Expectations about growth for capital investment ( green line ) and employment ( black line ) over the next 12 months declined in March , April , and May , but didn ’ t collapse .
And both ticked up in June .
Each of the indices captures the direction and magnitude of how these companies expect sales , employment , and capital investment to change over the next 12 months .
The indices have been set with a mean of 100 from January 2015 through @ @ @ @ @ @ @ expectations .
But businesses face a wall of uncertainty , and consequently , have become very uncertain about their own expectations – particularly about their expectations of sales growth .
The uncertainty index tracks the gap between each company ’ s “ lowest ” and “ highest ” sales growth scenarios , or when the company assigns a higher probability to their “ lowest ” and “ highest ” case scenarios .
The uncertainty index for sales expectations ( red line in the chart below ) began spiking in March , but unlike @ @ @ @ @ @ @ continued to spike in June .
In comparison , the uncertainty about their employment expectations remained relatively low , but nevertheless ticked up in June the highest level in the data series .
Uncertainty about investment remained range-bound : So , plotting on the same chart the businesses ’ expectations of sales growth and their uncertainty about their own expectations of sales growth shows the environment that companies find themselves in .
While expectations of sales growth for this coming year plunged , the businesses are totally uncertain about those expectations , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ scenarios – a strong recovery in their sales or continued misery in their sales .
What these businesses are saying is this : They took a big hit in sales and in June still expected those sales to remain at low levels for the next 12 months , but they have no visibility over those 12 months , and have no clue how this will turn out , and lack any kind of confidence in their own expectations of where sales might go .
Practically by definition , a business decision maker has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to figure out how to make it happen .
That ’ s part of the job .
But unless visibility increases and certainty about their own expectations increases , it ’ s going to be tough to plan and make long-term decisions with confidence .
From a business point of view , this is a mess .
Disclaimer : We at Prepare for Change ( PFC ) bring you information that is not offered by the mainstream news , and therefore may seem controversial .
The opinions , views , statements , and/or @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , endorsed , espoused , or agreed to by Prepare for Change , its leadership Council , members , those who work with PFC , or those who read its content .
However , they are hopefully provocative .
Please use discernment !
Use logical thinking , your own intuition and your own connection with Source , Spirit and Natural Laws to help you determine what is true and what is not .
By sharing information and seeding dialogue , it is our goal to raise consciousness and awareness of higher truths to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in this material realm .

These Charts Show What Mess Businesses Face Going Forward.
By Wolf Richter,
I’m going to show you a chart based on data that the Atlanta Fed released today. We’ll dissect it in a moment. The chart would be funny, if it weren’t so serious. At first, just look at the chart superficially. These results are based on surveys of businesses of a wide variety of sizes, spread across all sectors of the economy (except agriculture and government), in all regions of the US. They’re asked about their own businesses, in terms of sales, employment, and capital investment over the next 12 months. And the chart also shows how uncertain the participants are about their own expectations.
So this is about expectations for their own businesses, and about the uncertainty of their own expectations. For now, just look at the chart without analyzing it: It shows better than just about anything else what mess businesses face going forward: Their world has gone haywire.
The pandemic has hit businesses differently. Some businesses have reported booms in demand because of the shifts cause by the lockdowns and other factors, and they have trouble keeping up. Other businesses are in a state of collapse or have filed for bankruptcy. And then there’s every business in between. And these results are the averages of the pandemic’s winners and losers combined.
Expectations of Growth and the Uncertainty of those Expectations.
There are two factors here in the Atlanta Fed/Chicago Booth/Stanford Survey of Business Uncertainty: These companies’ expectations; and their uncertainty about their own expectations.
Business expectations.
Expectations of sales growth over the next 12 months (red line in the chart below has been trending down since November 2018 (high of 128.5). This was later borne out by the slowing economy. Those expectations were already low before the pandemic hit in December 2019 (86.7), indicating a further slowdown of the economy for 2020, and remained roughly in that range in January and February.
The collapse of those expectations commenced in March (53.6), and carried through April (0) and May (-36.6). In June, they ticked up but remained terribly low (-28.9).
Expectations about growth for capital investment (green line) and employment (black line) over the next 12 months declined in March, April, and May, but didn’t collapse. And both ticked up in June.
Each of the indices captures the direction and magnitude of how these companies expect sales, employment, and capital investment to change over the next 12 months. The indices have been set with a mean of 100 from January 2015 through December 2018.
Uncertainty about of those expectations.
But businesses face a wall of uncertainty, and consequently, have become very uncertain about their own expectations – particularly about their expectations of sales growth. The uncertainty index tracks the gap between each company’s “lowest” and “highest” sales growth scenarios, or when the company assigns a higher probability to their “lowest” and “highest” case scenarios.
The uncertainty index for sales expectations (red line in the chart below) began spiking in March, but unlike sales expectations, the uncertainty about them continued to spike in June.
In comparison, the uncertainty about their employment expectations remained relatively low, but nevertheless ticked up in June the highest level in the data series. Uncertainty about investment remained range-bound:
So, plotting on the same chart the businesses’ expectations of sales growth and their uncertainty about their own expectations of sales growth shows the environment that companies find themselves in. While expectations of sales growth for this coming year plunged, the businesses are totally uncertain about those expectations, and they assign high probabilities to both extreme scenarios – a strong recovery in their sales or continued misery in their sales.
What these businesses are saying is this: They took a big hit in sales and in June still expected those sales to remain at low levels for the next 12 months, but they have no visibility over those 12 months, and have no clue how this will turn out, and lack any kind of confidence in their own expectations of where sales might go.
Practically by definition, a business decision maker has to expect sales growth, and has to figure out how to make it happen. That’s part of the job.
But unless visibility increases and certainty about their own expectations increases, it’s going to be tough to plan and make long-term decisions with confidence. From a business point of view, this is a mess.
Source: WOLF STREET.
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prepareforchange--2020-07-04--30% Of Americans Didn’t Make Their Housing Payment In June

A stunning 30 % of Americans didn ’ t make their housing payment for June – a figure that is likely going to ripple through the housing industry in coming months .
According to a new survey by Apartment List , the rate is similar to May and shows that even though other industries are rebounding , the situation has not yet improved meaningfully in housing .
These figures stood at 24 % in April and 31 % in May , before falling slightly to 30 % in June .
One third of the 30 % in June made a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ no payment at all .
“ Missed payment rates are highest for renters ( 32 percent ) , households earning less than $ 25,000 per year ( 40 percent ) , adults under the age of 30 ( 40 percent ) , and those living in high-density urban areas ( 35 percent ) .
While the missed payment rate for mortgaged homeowners is just 3 percentage points lower than renters , ” the survey showed .
Despite the trend of missing payments at the beginning of the month , households have been able @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and “ narrow the gap ” by making payments in the middle of the month .
This was the case in May , where the missed payment rate “ dropped from 31 percent at the beginning of the month to 11 percent at the end.
” We ’ ll see how long people can play catch up .
Meanwhile , as the survey notes , delayed payments in one month are a strong indicator for coming months .
83 % of those who paid on time in May did so in June .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ who were late in May have made their payment in full for June .
This means the data for the beginning of July is likely to be just as ugly as June .
And , rightfully so , there continues to be concern over eviction notices in the coming months .
The survey found that : “ over one-third of renters are at least ‘ somewhat concerned ’ that they will be served an eviction notice in the coming six months.
” The number rises to 56 % when polled just among those @ @ @ @ @ @ @ rent for June .
Recall , just days ago we wrote that Americans had already skipped payments on more than 100 million loans while , at the same time , job losses continue to accelerate .
“ The number of Americans that filed new claims for unemployment benefits last week was much higher than expected , ” we noted .
To put this in perspective , let me once again remind my readers that prior to this year the all-time record for a single week was just 695,000 .
So even though more @ @ @ @ @ @ @ initial claims for unemployment benefits before this latest report , there were still enough new people losing jobs to more than double that old record from 1982 .
That is just astounding .
We were told that the economy would be regaining huge amounts of jobs by now , but instead job losses remain at a catastrophic level that is unlike anything that we have ever seen before in all of U.S. history .
Disclaimer : We at Prepare for Change ( PFC ) bring you information that is not offered by the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ controversial .
The opinions , views , statements , and/or information we present are not necessarily promoted , endorsed , espoused , or agreed to by Prepare for Change , its leadership Council , members , those who work with PFC , or those who read its content .
However , they are hopefully provocative .
Please use discernment !
Use logical thinking , your own intuition and your own connection with Source , Spirit and Natural Laws to help you determine what is true and what is not .
By sharing information @ @ @ @ @ @ @ goal to raise consciousness and awareness of higher truths to free us from enslavement of the matrix in this material realm .

By Tyler Durden,
A stunning 30% of Americans didn’t make their housing payment for June – a figure that is likely going to ripple through the housing industry in coming months. According to a new survey by Apartment List, the rate is similar to May and shows that even though other industries are rebounding, the situation has not yet improved meaningfully in housing.
These figures stood at 24% in April and 31% in May, before falling slightly to 30% in June. One third of the 30% in June made a partial payment, while two thirds made no payment at all.
“Missed payment rates are highest for renters (32 percent), households earning less than $25,000 per year (40 percent), adults under the age of 30 (40 percent), and those living in high-density urban areas (35 percent). While the missed payment rate for mortgaged homeowners is just 3 percentage points lower than renters,” the survey showed.
Despite the trend of missing payments at the beginning of the month, households have been able to play catch-up later in the month and “narrow the gap” by making payments in the middle of the month. This was the case in May, where the missed payment rate “dropped from 31 percent at the beginning of the month to 11 percent at the end.”
We’ll see how long people can play catch up.
Meanwhile, as the survey notes, delayed payments in one month are a strong indicator for coming months. 83% of those who paid on time in May did so in June. Meanwhile, only 30% of those who were late in May have made their payment in full for June.
This means the data for the beginning of July is likely to be just as ugly as June.
And, rightfully so, there continues to be concern over eviction notices in the coming months. The survey found that: “over one-third of renters are at least ‘somewhat concerned’ that they will be served an eviction notice in the coming six months.”
The number rises to 56% when polled just among those who have not yet paid their full rent for June.
Recall, just days ago we wrote that Americans had already skipped payments on more than 100 million loans while, at the same time, job losses continue to accelerate.
“The number of Americans that filed new claims for unemployment benefits last week was much higher than expected,” we noted.
To put this in perspective, let me once again remind my readers that prior to this year the all-time record for a single week was just 695,000. So even though more than 44 million Americans had already filed initial claims for unemployment benefits before this latest report, there were still enough new people losing jobs to more than double that old record from 1982.
That is just astounding. We were told that the economy would be regaining huge amounts of jobs by now, but instead job losses remain at a catastrophic level that is unlike anything that we have ever seen before in all of U.S. history.
Source: https://www.zerohedge.com
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prepareforchange--2020-07-04--Why People Have Always Held Gold

Why People Have Always Held Gold

The current phase of the gold bull market , which started last year , is – we believe – the third and final wave of the secular bull run tracking back to 2001 .
It ’ s going to create a tidal bore of immense size and power .
A wave that those who hold the metal ( and silver ) can ride as insurance against state-sponsored value-destruction of a country ’ s currency , and as real money that can not and has not ever gone to zero in recorded history .
It could last 3 or 4 years @ @ @ @ @ @ @ or beyond .
Yes , the time will come when we want to be mostly out of gold and silver , with one marker to watch being the Dow/Gold Ratio , but that time is a number of years in the future .
In any event , diverse energies ( and rationales ) are building around the globe , which should make this a run for the record books – a ride you really don ’ t want to miss !
This time , gold will break out – possibly by the end @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that most investors can ’ t begin to imagine .
The price will be a function of how long it takes for higher rates of inflation to kick in from the stagflation environment similar to what took place in the late 1970 ’ s .
The following accounts about what gold means on a personal level came to me unsolicited and fairly close to each other time wise .
The first is from a commercial airline pilot with deep prior life experiences in Europe and the Middle East .
He wrote : Gold @ @ @ @ @ @ @ traits give it an ability to last forever , and transcend through different dimensions of time .
Humanity is acutely aware of both its own mortality and the short time we get to exist in this universe .
In our collective view there is only one who is immortal , transcending time and space , God… Who never dies .
Lives forever , changing only in form and dimension .
Gold comes very close to duplicating these traits , but without the imaginary human abilities that religion has assigned to a supreme being @ @ @ @ @ @ @ be close to immortality – capable of being in hope , appreciation , and envy for ( gold ’ s ) ability to last indefinitely .
By holding a gold coin in your hand , you are interacting with an immortal substance .
If we could construct a human made of gold , she/he would live forever , but that ’ s another story… The second comment comes from a colleague in the United Kingdom : Hi David , I listened and reflected last week for many hours to a multitude of views @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
At the end , in a state of confusion , I remembered what my Dad had said to me many a time : 1 ) One can never have enough physical gold .
2 ) I have NEVER sold a milligram of gold EVER .
I only bought , and then bought some more .
3 ) There is no such thing as cheap or expensive gold , only gold that is available or not .
And when it ’ s unavailable , it is too late .
4 ) Don ’ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ just buy when you have funds .
Protect yourself against yourself .
Don ’ t waste time and energy .
Simply buy and squirrel it away .
As Jim Rickards says : Right now , even though the gold market is relatively quiet , in a broad sideways to higher trend on the charts , in this perceived calm – traditional summer doldrums not withstanding – precious metals can be set off by a number of unexpected events .
A driver is panic buying in response to a new disaster .
This could @ @ @ @ @ @ @ wave ’ of infections from the Wuhan virus , a failure of a gold ETF or the COMEX to honor physical delivery requirements , or a victory by Joe Biden in the presidential election .
Right now , the gold market is not priced for any of these outcomes .
It won ’ t take all three events to drive gold higher .
Any one ( of them ) would do just fine .
But none of the three can be ruled out .
Recently I learned something new from a book titled @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , by Adam Barrata .
He wrote : 96 % of the human body is composed of Oxygen , Carbon , Hydrogen and Nitrogen .
The other 4 % consists of other elements .
We absorb small amounts of gold from our environment , and gold is present in our cells at birth .
The average person ’ s body weight is 154 pounds .
It contains 0.229 milligrams of gold… Many people look up at the stars in the sky and feel small because the Universe is so vast .
I look @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
I understand that the Universe was created from an incredible explosion of matter .
We , as human beings are a part of that matter .
When I look at the Universe I realize that the stars and the elements that make up its matter are inside of me , and rather than feel small , I feel vast .
My Conclusion : It ’ s time to start feeling – and being financially – “ more vast.
” Hopefully , this essay has got you thinking about why humankind is more @ @ @ @ @ @ @ possible .
Maybe it ’ s why every time I ’ ve seen someone – whether it was a centa-millionaire or just “ regular ” folks like us – hold a gold coin or bar in their hand… they started to smile .
We may think we understand why they react this way , but now you know just how deep it goes .
Yes – you and I are truly golden beings !
The gold we were born with – those 0.229 grams – is only worth about $ 14 .
That @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a bit in the coming years as physical gold makes new all-time highs .
But it ’ s going to be difficult for you to “ cash in ” with it !
Why not pick up some “ hold in your hand ” gold soon .
Before summer wanes .
While the metals and miners are backing and filling on the charts .
This could be a golden opportunity for you in more ways than one , perhaps the last best one for a long time .

By David H. Smith
The current phase of the gold bull market, which started last year, is – we believe – the third and final wave of the secular bull run tracking back to 2001. It’s going to create a tidal bore of immense size and power. A wave that those who hold the metal (and silver) can ride as insurance against state-sponsored value-destruction of a country’s currency, and as real money that cannot and has not ever gone to zero in recorded history. It could last 3 or 4 years, until the end of this decade… or beyond. Yes, the time will come when we want to be mostly out of gold and silver, with one marker to watch being the Dow/Gold Ratio, but that time is a number of years in the future. In any event, diverse energies (and rationales) are building around the globe, which should make this a run for the record books – a ride you really don’t want to miss! This time, gold will break out – possibly by the end of 2020 and rise to a number that most investors can’t begin to imagine. The price will be a function of how long it takes for higher rates of inflation to kick in from the stagflation environment similar to what took place in the late 1970’s.
As a paper currency-only holder these days, “Do you feel lucky?”
A “from-the-heart” talk about what holding gold really means to people…
The following accounts about what gold means on a personal level came to me unsolicited and fairly close to each other time wise. The first is from a commercial airline pilot with deep prior life experiences in Europe and the Middle East. He wrote: Gold does not deteriorate or tarnish. These traits give it an ability to last forever, and transcend through different dimensions of time. Humanity is acutely aware of both its own mortality and the short time we get to exist in this universe. In our collective view there is only one who is immortal, transcending time and space, God… Who never dies. Lives forever, changing only in form and dimension. Gold comes very close to duplicating these traits, but without the imaginary human abilities that religion has assigned to a supreme being. I think people instinctively want to be close to immortality – capable of being in hope, appreciation, and envy for (gold’s) ability to last indefinitely. By holding a gold coin in your hand, you are interacting with an immortal substance. If we could construct a human made of gold, she/he would live forever, but that’s another story… The second comment comes from a colleague in the United Kingdom: Hi David, I listened and reflected last week for many hours to a multitude of views on the future of gold and silver. At the end, in a state of confusion, I remembered what my Dad had said to me many a time: 1) One can never have enough physical gold. 2) I have NEVER sold a milligram of gold EVER. I only bought, and then bought some more. 3) There is no such thing as cheap or expensive gold, only gold that is available or not. And when it’s unavailable, it is too late. 4) Don’t try to outfox the market, just buy when you have funds. Protect yourself against yourself. Don’t waste time and energy. Simply buy and squirrel it away.
Beware the summer doldrums…
As Jim Rickards says: Right now, even though the gold market is relatively quiet, in a broad sideways to higher trend on the charts, in this perceived calm – traditional summer doldrums not withstanding – precious metals can be set off by a number of unexpected events. A driver is panic buying in response to a new disaster. This could take the form of a ‘second wave’ of infections from the Wuhan virus, a failure of a gold ETF or the COMEX to honor physical delivery requirements, or a victory by Joe Biden in the presidential election. Right now, the gold market is not priced for any of these outcomes. It won’t take all three events to drive gold higher. Any one (of them) would do just fine. But none of the three can be ruled out.
We have gold in our cells…
Recently I learned something new from a book titled, Why Gold is a Better Way, by Adam Barrata. He wrote: 96% of the human body is composed of Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen. The other 4% consists of other elements. We absorb small amounts of gold from our environment, and gold is present in our cells at birth. The average person’s body weight is 154 pounds. It contains 0.229 milligrams of gold… Many people look up at the stars in the sky and feel small because the Universe is so vast. I look at the Universe in a different way. I understand that the Universe was created from an incredible explosion of matter. We, as human beings are a part of that matter. When I look at the Universe I realize that the stars and the elements that make up its matter are inside of me, and rather than feel small, I feel vast.
Big buyer U.S. money is now flooding into gold.