greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Physical activity delays accumulation of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells

BACKGROUND : Myeloid-derived suppressor cells ( MDSCs ) are potent suppressors of immune function and may play a key role in the development and progression of metastatic cancers .
Aerobic exercise has been shown to have anticancer effects , yet the mechanisms behind this protection are largely unknown .
Therefore , we examined the effects of physical activity on MDSC accumulation and function .
METHODS : Female BALB/c mice were assigned to one of two primary groups : sedentary tumor ( SED+TUM ) or wheel run tumor ( WR+TUM ) .
After 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running , all @ @ @ @ @ @ @ timepoint groups ; 16 , 20 , 24 , and 28 days post-tumor injection .
All mice were inoculated with 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells in the mammary fat pad and WR groups continued to run for the specified time post-injection .
Spleen , blood , and tumor samples were analyzed using flow cytometry to assess proportions of MDSCs .
RESULTS : Cells expressing MDSC biomarkers were detected in the spleen , blood , and tumor beginning at d16 .
However , since there was no evidence of immunosuppressive function until d28 , we @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( IMCs ) .
Compared to SED+TUM , levels of IMCs in the spleen were significantly lower ( p < 0.05 ) in WR+TUM at day 16 ( 33.0± 5.2 % ; 23.1 ± 10.2 % of total cells , respectively ) and day 20 ( 33.9 ± 8.1 % ; 24.3 ± 5.1 % of total cells , respectively ) .
Additionally , there were fewer circulating IMCs in WR+TUM at day 16 and MDSC levels were significantly lower ( p < 0.05 ) in the tumor at day 28 in WR+TUM @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and 26 % reduction in metastatic lung nodules was observed at days 24 and 28 , respectively .
At day 28 , MDSCs harvested from SED+TUM significantly suppressed CD3+CD4+ T cell proliferation ( 3.2± 1.3 proliferation index ) while proliferation in WR+TUM MDSC co-cultures ( 5.1 ± 1.7 proliferation index ) was not different from controls .
CONCLUSIONS : These findings suggest that physical activity may delay the accumulation of immunosuppressive MDSCs providing a broader window of opportunity for interventions with immunotherapies .

BACKGROUND: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are potent suppressors of immune function and may play a key role in the development and progression of metastatic cancers. Aerobic exercise has been shown to have anticancer effects, yet the mechanisms behind this protection are largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of physical activity on MDSC accumulation and function.
METHODS: Female BALB/c mice were assigned to one of two primary groups: sedentary tumor (SED+TUM) or wheel run tumor (WR+TUM). After 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running, all animals were randomly subdivided into 4 different timepoint groups; 16, 20, 24, and 28 days post-tumor injection. All mice were inoculated with 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells in the mammary fat pad and WR groups continued to run for the specified time post-injection. Spleen, blood, and tumor samples were analyzed using flow cytometry to assess proportions of MDSCs.
RESULTS: Cells expressing MDSC biomarkers were detected in the spleen, blood, and tumor beginning at d16. However, since there was no evidence of immunosuppressive function until d28, we refer to them as immature myeloid cells (IMCs). Compared to SED+TUM, levels of IMCs in the spleen were significantly lower (p<0.05) in WR+TUM at day 16 (33.0± 5.2%; 23.1 ± 10.2% of total cells, respectively) and day 20 (33.9 ± 8.1%; 24.3 ± 5.1% of total cells, respectively). Additionally, there were fewer circulating IMCs in WR+TUM at day 16 and MDSC levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the tumor at day 28 in WR+TUM. Additionally, a non-significant 62% and 26% reduction in metastatic lung nodules was observed at days 24 and 28, respectively. At day 28, MDSCs harvested from SED+TUM significantly suppressed CD3+CD4+ T cell proliferation (3.2± 1.3 proliferation index) while proliferation in WR+TUM MDSC co-cultures (5.1 ± 1.7 proliferation index) was not different from controls.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that physical activity may delay the accumulation of immunosuppressive MDSCs providing a broader window of opportunity for interventions with immunotherapies.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Chronic alteration of circadian rhythm is related to impaired lung function and immune response.

BACKGROUND : Alterations of the circadian rhythm negatively impact several aspects of the health , including the lung function .
Chronic shiftwork scale classically induces alterations in the circadian rhythm .
However , its effects on pulmonary immune response are unknown .
AIMS : To evaluate the impact of chronic alteration of circadian rhythm on pulmonary function and immune response .
METHODS : In this context , a 12h x 24h and 12h x 48h work scale in shiftwork scale policemen ( n = 25 ; 38,73±6,92 years old ) were compared with fixed work scale ( 8h/day ) civil @ @ @ @ @ @ @ years old ) who were evaluated for perceived stress , sleepiness , physical activity levels , anthropometric characteristics , lung function , pulmonary and systemic cellular and humoral immune response .
RESULTS : Policemen presented increased levels of perceived stress ( p < 0.0008 ) , impaired sleepiness ( p < 0.04 ) and lung function as demonstrated by reduced FVC ( p < 0.053 ) and FEV1 ( p < 0.043 ) when compared to civil men .
In addition , increased levels of exhaled nitric oxide ( p < 0.037 ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) in the breath condensate revealed that policemen presented chronic lung inflammation compared to civil men .
Although the whole blood analysis did not showed any differences between the two groups concerning the number of leukocytes , the humoral response revealed that policemen presented increased levels of IL-2 ( p < 0.002 ) and lower levels of IL-10 ( p < 0.001 ) , clearly displaying a clinical status of low grade inflammation .
CONCLUSIONS : Chronic alteration of circadian rhythm in shiftwork scale policemen results in impaired lung function , beyond to @ @ @ @ @ @ @

BACKGROUND: Alterations of the circadian rhythm negatively impact several aspects of the health, including the lung function. Chronic shiftwork scale classically induces alterations in the circadian rhythm. However, its effects on pulmonary immune response are unknown.
AIMS: To evaluate the impact of chronic alteration of circadian rhythm on pulmonary function and immune response.
METHODS: In this context, a 12h x 24h and 12h x 48h work scale in shiftwork scale policemen (n = 25; 38,73±6,92 years old) were compared with fixed work scale (8h/day) civil men (n = 25; 34,00±9,60 years old) who were evaluated for perceived stress, sleepiness, physical activity levels, anthropometric characteristics, lung function, pulmonary and systemic cellular and humoral immune response.
RESULTS: Policemen presented increased levels of perceived stress (p<0.0008), impaired sleepiness (p<0.04) and lung function as demonstrated by reduced FVC (p<0.053) and FEV1 (p<0.043) when compared to civil men. In addition, increased levels of exhaled nitric oxide (p<0.037) and of IL-2 (p<0.0046) in the breath condensate revealed that policemen presented chronic lung inflammation compared to civil men. Although the whole blood analysis did not showed any differences between the two groups concerning the number of leukocytes, the humoral response revealed that policemen presented increased levels of IL-2 (p<0.002) and lower levels of IL-10 (p<0.001), clearly displaying a clinical status of low grade inflammation.
CONCLUSIONS: Chronic alteration of circadian rhythm in shiftwork scale policemen results in impaired lung function, beyond to impair pulmonary and systemic immune function.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Low-intensity exercise stimulates bioenergetics and increases fat oxidation in mitochondria of blood

Low-intensity exercise stimulates bioenergetics and increases fat oxidation in mitochondria of blood mononuclear cells from sedentary adults.

AIM : Exercise training induces adaptations in muscle and other tissue mitochondrial metabolism , dynamics , and oxidative phosphorylation capacity .
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation was shown to be pivotal for the anti-inflammatory status of immune cells .
We hypothesize that exercise training can exert effects influence mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) .
The aim was to investigate the effect of exercise on the fatty acid oxidation-dependent respiration in PBMCs .
DESIGN : Twelve fasted or fed volunteers first performed incremental-load exercise tests to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer to determine the optimal @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with a sedentary lifestyle .
In addition , the same volunteers performed 60 min of low-intensity constant-load exercise .
RESULTS : In the incremental-load exercise , the maximal whole-body fat oxidation rate measured by indirect calorimetry was reached at the fasted state already at a 50 W workload .
At the 75-175 W workloads , the contribution of fat oxidation significantly decreased to only 11 % , the heart rate increased to 185 BPM , and the study participants reached exhaustion .
These results show that low-intensity exercise ( 50W ) is optimal @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , the ROUTINE mitochondrial respiration , as well as fatty acid oxidation-dependent respiration in PBMCs at LEAK and OXPHOS states , were significantly increased by 31 % , 65 % , and 76 % , respectively .
In addition , during 60 min of low-intensity ( 50W ) exercise , a 2-fold higher lipolysis rate was observed and 13.5 ± 0.9 g of fat was metabolized , which was 57 % more than the amount of fat that was metabolized during the incremental-load exercise .
CONCLUSIONS : In individuals with a sedentary lifestyle @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , maximal lipolysis and whole-body fat oxidation rate is reached in a fasted state during low-intensity exercise .
For the first time , it was demonstrated that low-intensity exercise improves bioenergetics and increases fatty acid oxidation in PBMCs and may contribute to the anti-inflammatory phenotype .

AIM: Exercise training induces adaptations in muscle and other tissue mitochondrial metabolism, dynamics, and oxidative phosphorylation capacity. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation was shown to be pivotal for the anti-inflammatory status of immune cells. We hypothesize that exercise training can exert effects influence mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The aim was to investigate the effect of exercise on the fatty acid oxidation-dependent respiration in PBMCs.
DESIGN: Twelve fasted or fed volunteers first performed incremental-load exercise tests to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer to determine the optimal workload ensuring maximal health benefits in volunteers with a sedentary lifestyle. In addition, the same volunteers performed 60 min of low-intensity constant-load exercise.
RESULTS: In the incremental-load exercise, the maximal whole-body fat oxidation rate measured by indirect calorimetry was reached at the fasted state already at a 50 W workload. At the 75-175 W workloads, the contribution of fat oxidation significantly decreased to only 11%, the heart rate increased to 185 BPM, and the study participants reached exhaustion. These results show that low-intensity exercise (50W) is optimal for maximal whole-body fat utilization.After low-intensity exercise, the ROUTINE mitochondrial respiration, as well as fatty acid oxidation-dependent respiration in PBMCs at LEAK and OXPHOS states, were significantly increased by 31%, 65%, and 76%, respectively. In addition, during 60 min of low-intensity (50W) exercise, a 2-fold higher lipolysis rate was observed and 13.5 ± 0.9 g of fat was metabolized, which was 57% more than the amount of fat that was metabolized during the incremental-load exercise.
CONCLUSIONS: In individuals with a sedentary lifestyle participating in a bicycle ergometry exercise program, maximal lipolysis and whole-body fat oxidation rate is reached in a fasted state during low-intensity exercise. For the first time, it was demonstrated that low-intensity exercise improves bioenergetics and increases fatty acid oxidation in PBMCs and may contribute to the anti-inflammatory phenotype.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--10 weeks of yoga practice resulted in improved balance and learning in the speed-accuracy motor task

10 weeks of yoga practice resulted in improved balance and learning in the speed-accuracy motor task.

Despite studies investigating the effect of yoga on cognitive and motor functioning in older adults , the effect on dual-task @ @ @ @ @ the specific mechanisms underlying the positive effect of yoga remain unclear .
Thus , the @ @ @ @ @ to investigate the effects of yoga on cognition , balance under single- and dual-task conditions @ @ @ @ @ The potential role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) in induced improvement was also @ @ @ @ @ years were randomized to either a control group ( n = 15 ) or a @ @ @ @ @ 18 ) for a 10-week period .
The yoga group received 90-min duration yoga classes @ @ @ @ @ Changes in cognition , balance under single- and dual-task conditions , and learning fast and @ @ @ @ @ .
Yoga practice decreased ( P

Despite studies investigating the effect of yoga on cognitive and motor functioning in older adults, the effect on dual-task performance and motor learning and the specific mechanisms underlying the positive effect of yoga remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yoga on cognition, balance under single- and dual-task conditions, and motor learning. The potential role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in induced improvement was also explored. Participants aged 60-79 years were randomized to either a control group (n = 15) or a yoga group (n = 18) for a 10-week period. The yoga group received 90-min duration yoga classes two times per week. Changes in cognition, balance under single- and dual-task conditions, and learning fast and accurate reaching movements were assessed. Yoga practice decreased (P < 0.05) the velocity vector of the center of pressure under single- and dual-task conditions, whereas no changes in cognitive performance were observed. Although reaction and movement times during learning were decreased in both groups (P < 0.05), a faster reaction time (P < 0.05) and shorter movement time (P < 0.05) were observed in the yoga group than in the control group. Significant moderate relationships (P < 0.05) between changes in BDNF levels and functional improvements were observed. Thus, 10 weeks of yoga practice resulted in improved balance and learning in the speed-accuracy motor task that were mediated by increased BDNF levels, but had no impact on cognition in older adults.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Laughter yoga could be an effective intervention in reducing depression and anxiety among retired wo

Laughter yoga could be an effective intervention in reducing depression and anxiety among retired women.

Recently , laughter yoga ( LY ) has been introduced for managing depression and anxiety .
This study aimed to @ @ @ @ @ on depression and anxiety among retired women in city of Bojnurd , Iran , 2018 @ @ @ @ @ randomly assigned to intervention and control groups .
Intervention group received LY twice weekly for @ @ @ @ @ had their routine daily activities .
Depression and anxiety levels were measured at study initiation @ @ @ @ @ week 8 in both groups .
Results showed significant difference in the pattern of depression @

Recently, laughter yoga (LY) has been introduced for managing depression and anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the impact of LY on depression and anxiety among retired women in city of Bojnurd, Iran, 2018. Sixty-six retired women were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Intervention group received LY twice weekly for 8 weeks; control group had their routine daily activities. Depression and anxiety levels were measured at study initiation, week 4, and week 8 in both groups. Results showed significant difference in the pattern of depression (<.001) and anxiety (<.001) scores within and between groups. LY could be an effective intervention in reducing depression and anxiety among retired women.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Improvement in resilience and stress-related blood markers following ten months yoga practice in aan

Improvement in resilience and stress-related blood markers following ten months yoga practice in aantarctica.

Background Wintering is associated with distress to humans who work in the isolated and confined environment of Antarctica and yoga has been proved helpful for coping with stress .
Therefore , a study was conducted on 14 winter expedition members of Indian Scientific Antarctic Expedition ( 2016 ) to find out the effects of yoga on stress-related markers .
Methods Participants were divided into yoga , and control ( non-yoga ) groups .
The yoga group practiced yoga for 10 months ( from January to October 2016 ) daily in the morning for an hour .
The Resilience test questionnaire @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the study .
Blood samples were collected during the study at different intervals for the estimation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine ( 8-OHdG ) , brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , serotonin and cortisol using ELISA .
Results A trend of improvement was observed in the resilience test score in the yoga group .
From January to October , 8-OHdG serum values in the yoga group declined by 55.9 % from 1010.0 ± 67.8 pg/mL to 445.6 ± 60.5 pg/mL ( Mean ± SD ) ; in the control group , the decline was 49.9 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 531.1 ± 81.8 pg/mL .
In serotonin serum levels in the yoga group , there was a 3.1 % increase from 6.4 ± 1.6 ng/mL to 6.6 ± 0.4 ng/mL while no increase wasnoticed in the control group .
Cortisol values in the yoga group decreased by 19.9 % from 321.0 ± 189.6 ng/mL to 257.1 ± 133.8 ng/mL ; in the control group it increased by 2.8 % from 241.2 ± 51.8 ng/mL to 247.8 ± 90.9 ng/mL .
Conclusions It could be concluded from the present study thatfollowing 10 months yoga @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and management of stress-related blood markers for the polar sojourners .

Background Wintering is associated with distress to humans who work in the isolated and confined environment of Antarctica and yoga has been proved helpful for coping with stress. Therefore, a study was conducted on 14 winter expedition members of Indian Scientific Antarctic Expedition (2016) to find out the effects of yoga on stress-related markers. Methods Participants were divided into yoga, and control (non-yoga) groups. The yoga group practiced yoga for 10 months (from January to October 2016) daily in the morning for an hour. The Resilience test questionnaire was administrated at baseline and endpoint of the study. Blood samples were collected during the study at different intervals for the estimation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin and cortisol using ELISA. Results A trend of improvement was observed in the resilience test score in the yoga group. From January to October, 8-OHdG serum values in the yoga group declined by 55.9% from 1010.0 ± 67.8 pg/mL to 445.6 ± 60.5 pg/mL (Mean ± SD); in the control group, the decline was 49.9% from 1060.4 ± 54.6 pg/mL to 531.1 ± 81.8 pg/mL. In serotonin serum levels in the yoga group, there was a 3.1% increase from 6.4 ± 1.6 ng/mL to 6.6 ± 0.4 ng/mL while no increase wasnoticed in the control group. Cortisol values in the yoga group decreased by 19.9% from 321.0 ± 189.6 ng/mL to 257.1 ± 133.8 ng/mL; in the control group it increased by 2.8% from 241.2 ± 51.8 ng/mL to 247.8 ± 90.9 ng/mL. Conclusions It could be concluded from the present study thatfollowing 10 months yoga practice may be useful for better resilience and management of stress-related blood markers for the polar sojourners.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Meditative movement improves the performance of working memory.

Numerous studies have revealed that meditative movement changes brain activity and improves the cognitive function of adults .
However , there is still insufficient data on whether meditative movement contributes to the cognitive function of adolescents whose brain is still under development .
Therefore , this study aimed to uncover the effects of meditative movement on the cognitive performance and its relation with brain activity in adolescents .
Forty healthy adolescent participants ( mean age of 17∼18 ) were randomly allocated into two groups : meditative movement and control group .
The meditative movement group was instructed to perform the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 9 min each , for a duration of 3 weeks .
During the same time of the day , the control group was instructed to rest under the same condition .
To measure changes in cognitive abilities , a dual n-back task was performed before and after the intervention and analyzed by repeated two-way analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) .
During the task , electroencephalogram signals were collected to find the relation of brain activity withworking memory performance and was analyzed by regression analysis .
A repeated two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction @ @ @ @ @ @ @ increased by meditative movement compared with the retest effect .
Based on regression analysis , the amplitude of high-betarhythm in the F3 channel showed a significant correlation with dual n-back score in the experimental group after the intervention , while there was no correlation in the control group .
Our results suggest that meditative movement improves the performance of working memory , which is related to brainactivity in adolescents.cris.nih.go.kr/cris , identifier KCT0004706 .

Numerous studies have revealed that meditative movement changes brain activity and improves the cognitive function of adults. However, there is still insufficient data on whether meditative movement contributes to the cognitive function of adolescents whose brain is still under development. Therefore, this study aimed to uncover the effects of meditative movement on the cognitive performance and its relation with brain activity in adolescents. Forty healthy adolescent participants (mean age of 17∼18) were randomly allocated into two groups: meditative movement and control group. The meditative movement group was instructed to perform the meditative movement, twice a day for 9 min each, for a duration of 3 weeks. During the same time of the day, the control group was instructed to rest under the same condition. To measure changes in cognitive abilities, a dual n-back task was performed before and after the intervention and analyzed by repeated two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). During the task, electroencephalogram signals were collected to find the relation of brain activity withworking memory performance and was analyzed by regression analysis. A repeated two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction showed that working memory performance was significantly increased by meditative movement compared with the retest effect. Based on regression analysis, the amplitude of high-betarhythm in the F3 channel showed a significant correlation with dual n-back score in the experimental group after the intervention, while there was no correlation in the control group. Our results suggest that meditative movement improves the performance of working memory, which is related to brainactivity in adolescents.cris.nih.go.kr/cris, identifier KCT0004706.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Binaural beats reduce postoperative morphine consumption in older adults after total knee replacemen

Binaural beats reduce postoperative morphine consumption in older adults after total knee replacement surgery.

Context : A reduction in the use of opioids by older adult patients could reduce unpleasant side effects for them .
During general anesthesia , binaural beat ( BB ) listening has been found to reduce intraoperative fentanyl consumption as well as postoperative pain scores and discharge time .
Auditory BBs are a perceptual phenomenon occurring when tones of 2 slightly different frequencies are presented simultaneously and separately to each ear .
Objective : The study intended to evaluate the ability of BBs , as a nonpharmacological premedication , to reduce postoperative morphine consumption in older adults undergoing total knee @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of anxiety and feelings of pain that patients experience .
Setting : The study was conducted in the Orthopedic Department of the Santa Maria Maddalena Hospital ( Volterra [ Pisa ] , Italy ) .
Participants : Forty older adults at the hospital who were undergoing total knee joint replacement with spinal anesthesia participated in the study .
Intervention : The study included 2 groups ( n = 20 each ) , one receiving BBs stimulation with frequencies of 256 Hz in one ear and 260 Hz in the opposite ear producing a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) , and the other receiving acoustical stimulation at 256 Hz in both ears ( control group ) .
BBs , or acoustical stimulation , were administered before the surgical procedure .
Both acoustical stimuli , generated with the Gnaural program , were delivered through stereo headphones connected to a laptop in the preoperative holding area .
Outcome Measures : The study measured postoperative , cumulative , self-administered morphine consumption , in mg , through a patient-controlled analgesia device .
Feelings of anxiety were also assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ h during the first postoperative day using a numerical rating scale .
Results : Patients who received the intervention , consumed almost half of the dosage of morphine during the first postoperative day when compared with the control group 's consumption , 5.75 mg± 5.25 vs 11.85 mg ± 7.71 , respectively .
The consumption did not correlate to anxiety measures .
Regarding pain perception , no differences between the groups were captured .
Conclusions : BB stimulation before surgery can be successfully used as a nonpharmacological treatment to reduce morphine consumption in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The use of a noninvasive , safe , and inexpensive BB intervention can result in a positive effect on patients ' postoperative recovery .

Context: A reduction in the use of opioids by older adult patients could reduce unpleasant side effects for them. During general anesthesia, binaural beat (BB) listening has been found to reduce intraoperative fentanyl consumption as well as postoperative pain scores and discharge time. Auditory BBs are a perceptual phenomenon occurring when tones of 2 slightly different frequencies are presented simultaneously and separately to each ear.
Objective: The study intended to evaluate the ability of BBs, as a nonpharmacological premedication, to reduce postoperative morphine consumption in older adults undergoing total knee replacement surgery and to modify the levels of anxiety and feelings of pain that patients experience.
Design: The research team designed a prospective, single-center, randomized controlled study.
Setting: The study was conducted in the Orthopedic Department of the Santa Maria Maddalena Hospital (Volterra [Pisa], Italy).
Participants: Forty older adults at the hospital who were undergoing total knee joint replacement with spinal anesthesia participated in the study.
Intervention: The study included 2 groups (n = 20 each), one receiving BBs stimulation with frequencies of 256 Hz in one ear and 260 Hz in the opposite ear producing a BB of 4 Hz (intervention group), and the other receiving acoustical stimulation at 256 Hz in both ears (control group). BBs, or acoustical stimulation, were administered before the surgical procedure. Both acoustical stimuli, generated with the Gnaural program, were delivered through stereo headphones connected to a laptop in the preoperative holding area.
Outcome Measures: The study measured postoperative, cumulative, self-administered morphine consumption, in mg, through a patient-controlled analgesia device. Feelings of anxiety were also assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and feelings of pain were measured every 8 h during the first postoperative day using a numerical rating scale.
Results: Patients who received the intervention, consumed almost half of the dosage of morphine during the first postoperative day when compared with the control group's consumption, 5.75 mg± 5.25 vs 11.85 mg ± 7.71, respectively. The consumption did not correlate to anxiety measures. Regarding pain perception, no differences between the groups were captured.
Conclusions: BB stimulation before surgery can be successfully used as a nonpharmacological treatment to reduce morphine consumption in older adults who undergo knee replacement. The use of a noninvasive, safe, and inexpensive BB intervention can result in a positive effect on patients' postoperative recovery.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Reduced pain and analgesic use after acoustic binaural beats therapy in chronic pain.

BACKGROUND : Binaural Beats ( BB ) consist of two artificial acoustic stimuli with different frequency , presented simultaneously but independently to each ear .
The human brain perceives and synchronizes to this frequency difference ( entrainment ) .
METHODS : In a double blind , randomized , cross-over trial , BB at 5Hz ( theta rhythm ) were applied for 30 minutes , under simultaneous electroencephalogram recordings , followed by liberal , on demand use by chronic pain patients for a week , compared to sham stimulation ( SS ) .
Pain as the main outcome ( numeric scale @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) and medication usage ( defined daily doses , DDD ) were assessed at baseline , 30 minutes and week 's end .
RESULTS : Perceived pain ( NRS ) was significantly reduced in BB intervention ( 5.6±2.3 to 3.4±2.6 , p < 0.001 ) , compared to SS ( 5.2±2.1 to 4.8±2.3 , p=0.78 ) , during the first 30-minute phase , as well as at the week 's end ( to 3.9±2.5 compared to 5.5±2.6 respectively , p < 0.001 ) .
The mean EEG theta power at 5Hz was significantly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was significantly reduced at 30 minutes in both interventions but remained reduced only in the BB group at the week 's end .
Analgesic medication consumption ( DDD , g ) during the week was significantly less in the BB intervention ( 3.9±3.7 vs. 4.6±4.1 , p < 0.05 ) , while reporting equal to SS mean levels of pain .
CONCLUSIONS : Acoustic BB reduced pain intensity , stress and analgesic use , compared to SS , in chronic pain patients .

BACKGROUND: Binaural Beats (BB) consist of two artificial acoustic stimuli with different frequency, presented simultaneously but independently to each ear. The human brain perceives and synchronizes to this frequency difference (entrainment).
METHODS: In a double blind, randomized, cross-over trial, BB at 5Hz (theta rhythm) were applied for 30 minutes, under simultaneous electroencephalogram recordings, followed by liberal, on demand use by chronic pain patients for a week, compared to sham stimulation (SS). Pain as the main outcome (numeric scale, NRS), stress (STAI) and medication usage (defined daily doses, DDD) were assessed at baseline, 30 minutes and week's end.
RESULTS: Perceived pain (NRS) was significantly reduced in BB intervention (5.6±2.3 to 3.4±2.6, p<0.001), compared to SS (5.2±2.1 to 4.8±2.3, p=0.78), during the first 30-minute phase, as well as at the week's end (to 3.9±2.5 compared to 5.5±2.6 respectively, p<0.001). The mean EEG theta power at 5Hz was significantly increased only during BB application. Stress was significantly reduced at 30 minutes in both interventions but remained reduced only in the BB group at the week's end. Analgesic medication consumption (DDD, g) during the week was significantly less in the BB intervention (3.9±3.7 vs. 4.6±4.1, p<0.05), while reporting equal to SS mean levels of pain.
CONCLUSIONS: Acoustic BB reduced pain intensity, stress and analgesic use, compared to SS, in chronic pain patients.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--A systematic review of the human health effects of singing bowls.

OBJECTIVE : The objective of this study was to determine the human health effects ( beneficial or adverse ) of any singing bowl therapies .
SETTING : The setting was not specified , so it could include clinical and non-clinical settings .
INTERVENTION : Studies of any intervention predominantly involving singing bowls ( e.g .
playing singing bowls , listening to singing bowls ) were eligible for inclusion .
The comparison interventions were not specified , and studies without comparisons ( e.g .
pre-post studies ) were also considered potentially relevant .
RESULTS : The effects of singing bowls on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ studies , one of which investigated patients with metastatic cancer , and another those with chronic spinal pain .
Low-level designs were used in two studies .
Improvements in distress , positive and negative affect , anxiety , depression , fatigue , tension , anger , confusion and vigour were reported , as were improvements in blood pressure , heart rate , respiratory rate , peripheral capillary oxygen saturation , cutaneous conductance , and anterior-frontal alpha values .
CONCLUSIONS : Given there were few studies and the potential risk of methodological bias , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ at this stage .
As the evidence suggests positive health effects , we recommend that future studies consider the effect of singing bowl therapies using more robust study methods , allowing for evidence-based recommendations to be made to reduce the disease burden .

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the human health effects (beneficial or adverse) of any singing bowl therapies.
DESIGN: A systematic review was conducted.
SETTING: The setting was not specified, so it could include clinical and non-clinical settings.
INTERVENTION: Studies of any intervention predominantly involving singing bowls (e.g. playing singing bowls, listening to singing bowls) were eligible for inclusion. The comparison interventions were not specified, and studies without comparisons (e.g. pre-post studies) were also considered potentially relevant.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Any human health outcome was investigated.
RESULTS: The effects of singing bowls on human health were investigated in four peer-reviewed studies, one of which investigated patients with metastatic cancer, and another those with chronic spinal pain. Low-level designs were used in two studies. Improvements in distress, positive and negative affect, anxiety, depression, fatigue, tension, anger, confusion and vigour were reported, as were improvements in blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, cutaneous conductance, and anterior-frontal alpha values.
CONCLUSIONS: Given there were few studies and the potential risk of methodological bias, we cannot recommend singing bowl therapies at this stage. As the evidence suggests positive health effects, we recommend that future studies consider the effect of singing bowl therapies using more robust study methods, allowing for evidence-based recommendations to be made to reduce the disease burden.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Thoughts modulate the expression of inflammatory genes and may improve the coronary blood flow in pa

Thoughts modulate the expression of inflammatory genes and may improve the coronary blood flow in patients after a myocardial infarction.

Background : Mental stress is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease .
Meditation and music listening are two techniques that are able to counteract it through the activation of specific brain areas , eliciting the so-called Relaxing Response ( RR ) .
Epidemiological evidence reveals that the RR practice has a beneficial prognostic impact on patients after myocardial infarction .
We aimed to study the possible molecular mechanisms of RR underlying these findings .
Methods : We enrolled 30 consecutive patients after myocardial infarction and 10 healthy controls .
10 patients were taught to meditate , 10 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ carry out any intervention and served as controls .
After training , and after 60 days of RR practice , we studied the individual variations , before and after the relaxation sessions , of the vital signs , the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters along with coronary flow reserve ( CFR ) and the carotid 's intima media thickness ( IMT ) .
Neuro-endocrine-immune ( NEI ) messengers and the expression of inflammatory genes ( p53 , Nuclear factor Kappa B ( NfKB ) , and toll like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ also all observed .
Results : The RR results in a reduction of NEI molecules ( p Conclusions : The RR helps to advantageously modulate the expression of inflammatory genes through a cascade of NEI messengers improving , over time , microvascular function and the arteriosclerotic process .

Background: Mental stress is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Meditation and music listening are two techniques that are able to counteract it through the activation of specific brain areas, eliciting the so-called Relaxing Response (RR). Epidemiological evidence reveals that the RR practice has a beneficial prognostic impact on patients after myocardial infarction. We aimed to study the possible molecular mechanisms of RR underlying these findings.
Methods: We enrolled 30 consecutive patients after myocardial infarction and 10 healthy controls. 10 patients were taught to meditate, 10 to appreciate music and 10 did not carry out any intervention and served as controls. After training, and after 60 days of RR practice, we studied the individual variations, before and after the relaxation sessions, of the vital signs, the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters along with coronary flow reserve (CFR) and the carotid's intima media thickness (IMT). Neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) messengers and the expression of inflammatory genes (p53, Nuclear factor Kappa B (NfKB), and toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)) in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also all observed.
Results: The RR results in a reduction of NEI molecules (p < 0.05) and oxidative stress (p < 0.001). The expression of the genes p53, NFkB and TLR4 is reduced after the RR and also at 60 days (p < 0.001). The CFR increases with the relaxation (p < 0.001) and the IMT regressed significantly (p < 0.001) after 6 months of RR practice.
Conclusions: The RR helps to advantageously modulate the expression of inflammatory genes through a cascade of NEI messengers improving, over time, microvascular function and the arteriosclerotic process.


The psilocybin-telomere hypothesis.

We introduce a novel hypothesis which states that the therapeutic utilisation of psilocybin has beneficial effects on genetic aging .
Ex hypothesi , we predict a priori that controlled psilocybin interventions exert quantifiable positive impact on leucocyte telomere length ( telomeres are a robust predictor of mortality and multifarious aging-related diseases ) .
Our hypothesising follows the Popperian logic of scientific discovery , viz.
, bold ( and refutable ) conjectures form the very foundation of scientific progress .
The 'psilocybin-telomere hypothesis ' is formalised as a logically valid deductive ( syllogistic ) argument and we provide substantial evidence to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ our theorising derives from a plurality of converging empirical sources indicating that psilocybin has persistent beneficial effects on various aspects of mental health ( e.g.
, in the context of depression , anxiety , PTSD , OCD , addiction , etc. )
.
Additional support is based on a large corpus of studies that establish reliable correlations between mental health and telomere attrition ( improved mental health is generally correlated with longer telomeres ) .
Another pertinent component of our argument is based on recent studies which demonstrate that '' meditative states of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ aging .
Similarly , psilocybin can induce states of consciousness that are neurophysiologically and phenomenologically significantly congruent with meditative states .
Furthermore , prior research has demonstrated that a single dose of psilocybin can occasion life-changing transformative experiences ( ≈ 70 % of healthy volunteers rate their experience with psilocybin amongst the five personally most meaningful lifetime events , viz.
, ranked next to giving birth to a child or losing a loved one ) .
We postulate that these profound psychological events leave quantifiable marks at the molecular genetic/epigenetic level .
Given @ @ @ @ @ @ @ telomere length assays , we suggest that quantitative telomere analysis should be regularly included in future psilocybin studies as an adjunctive biological marker ( i.e.
, to facilitate scientific consilience via methodological triangulation ) .
In order to substantiate the 'psilocybin-telomere hypothesis ' potential neuropsychopharmacological , endocrinological , and genetic mechanisms of action are discussed ( e.g.
, HPA-axis reactivity , hippocampal neurogenesis , neurotropic growth factors such as BDNF , 5-HTreceptor agonism , neuroplasticity/synaptoplasticity , brain-wide alterations in neuronal functional connectivity density , involvement of the SLC6A4 serotonin transporter gene , inter @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is thus intrinsically highly interdisciplinary , and it has deep ramifications from a philosophy of science perspective as it connects the epistemic level ( qualitative experiential phenomenology ) with the ontic level ( quantitative molecular genetics ) of analysis .
In the long term , multidisciplinary and innovative investigations of the 'psilocybin-telomere hypothesis ' could contribute to the improvement of senotherapeutic psychological interventions and the identification of novel geroprotective and neuroprotective/restorative pharmaceutical targets to decelerate genetic aging and improve well-being and quality of life during the aging process .

We introduce a novel hypothesis which states that the therapeutic utilisation of psilocybin has beneficial effects on genetic aging. Ex hypothesi, we predict a priori that controlled psilocybin interventions exert quantifiable positive impact on leucocyte telomere length (telomeres are a robust predictor of mortality and multifarious aging-related diseases). Our hypothesising follows the Popperian logic of scientific discovery, viz., bold (and refutable) conjectures form the very foundation of scientific progress. The 'psilocybin-telomere hypothesis' is formalised as a logically valid deductive (syllogistic) argument and we provide substantial evidence to support the underlying premises. Impetus for our theorising derives from a plurality of converging empirical sources indicating that psilocybin has persistent beneficial effects on various aspects of mental health (e.g., in the context of depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, addiction, etc.). Additional support is based on a large corpus of studies that establish reliable correlations between mental health and telomere attrition (improved mental health is generally correlated with longer telomeres). Another pertinent component of our argument is based on recent studies which demonstrate that"meditative states of consciousness"provide beneficial effects on genetic aging. Similarly, psilocybin can induce states of consciousness that are neurophysiologically and phenomenologically significantly congruent with meditative states. Furthermore, prior research has demonstrated that a single dose of psilocybin can occasion life-changing transformative experiences (≈ 70% of healthy volunteers rate their experience with psilocybin amongst the five personally most meaningful lifetime events, viz., ranked next to giving birth to a child or losing a loved one). We postulate that these profound psychological events leave quantifiable marks at the molecular genetic/epigenetic level. Given the ubiquitous availability and cost effectiveness of telomere length assays, we suggest that quantitative telomere analysis should be regularly included in future psilocybin studies as an adjunctive biological marker (i.e., to facilitate scientific consilience via methodological triangulation). In order to substantiate the 'psilocybin-telomere hypothesis' potential neuropsychopharmacological, endocrinological, and genetic mechanisms of action are discussed (e.g., HPA-axis reactivity, hippocampal neurogenesis, neurotropic growth factors such as BDNF, 5-HTreceptor agonism, neuroplasticity/synaptoplasticity, brain-wide alterations in neuronal functional connectivity density, involvement of the SLC6A4 serotonin transporter gene, inter alia). The proposed research agenda is thus intrinsically highly interdisciplinary, and it has deep ramifications from a philosophy of science perspective as it connects the epistemic level (qualitative experiential phenomenology) with the ontic level (quantitative molecular genetics) of analysis. In the long term, multidisciplinary and innovative investigations of the 'psilocybin-telomere hypothesis' could contribute to the improvement of senotherapeutic psychological interventions and the identification of novel geroprotective and neuroprotective/restorative pharmaceutical targets to decelerate genetic aging and improve well-being and quality of life during the aging process.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Somatics of early Buddhist mindfulness and how to face anxiety.

The body is a central object of the cultivation of mindfulness , in the way this has been described in @ @ @ @ @ parallels .
At the background of such cultivation stands the absence of positing a mind-body @ @ @ @ @ concern with a particular physical location of the mind in early Buddhist thought .
Moreover @ @ @ @ @ involve directing mindfulness to the body need to be considered in conjunction in order to @ @ @ @ @ of their overarching purpose .
Out of the different possible modalities of cultivating mindfulness in @ @ @ @ @ present awareness directed to one 's own bodily postures as a practice already undertakenby the @ @ @ @ @ in quest of awakening .
In this particular setting , such mindfulness of postures served @ @ @ @ @ fear .
The potential of this exercise to provide a grounding in embodied mindfulness , @ @ @ @ @ and now , is of particular relevance to the challenges posed by the current pandemic @

The body is a central object of the cultivation of mindfulness, in the way this has been described in relevant Pāli discourses and their parallels. At the background of such cultivation stands the absence of positing a mind-body duality and a lack of concern with a particular physical location of the mind in early Buddhist thought. Moreover, the various exercises that involve directing mindfulness to the body need to be considered in conjunction in order to arrive at a balanced understanding of their overarching purpose. Out of the different possible modalities of cultivating mindfulness in this way, the discourses present awareness directed to one's own bodily postures as a practice already undertakenby the Buddha-to-be when he was still in quest of awakening. In this particular setting, such mindfulness of postures served as a way of facing fear. The potential of this exercise to provide a grounding in embodied mindfulness, being fully in the here and now, is of particular relevance to the challenges posed by the current pandemic.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Rapid changes in histone deacetylases and inflammatory gene expression in expert meditators

BACKGROUND : A growing body of research shows that mindfulness meditation can alter neural , behavioral and biochemical processes .
However , the mechanisms responsible for such clinically relevant effects remain elusive .
METHODS : Here we explored the impact of a day of intensive practice of mindfulness meditation in experienced subjects ( n=19 ) on the expression of circadian , chromatin modulatory and inflammatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) .
In parallel , we analyzed a control group of subjects with no meditation experience who engaged in leisure activities in the same environment ( n=21 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ obtained before ( t1 ) and after ( t2 ) the intervention ( t2-t1=8h ) and gene expression was analyzed using custom pathway focused quantitative-real time PCR assays .
Both groups were also presented with the Trier Social Stress Test ( TSST ) .
RESULTS : Core clock gene expression at baseline ( t1 ) was similar between groups and their rhythmicity was not influenced in meditators by the intensive day of practice .
Similarly , we found that all the epigenetic regulatory enzymes and inflammatory genes analyzed exhibited similar basal expression levels @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , after the brief intervention we detected reduced expression of histone deacetylase genes ( HDAC 2 , 3 and 9 ) , alterations in global modification of histones ( H4ac ; H3K4me3 ) and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory genes ( RIPK2 and COX2 ) in meditators compared with controls .
We found that the expression of RIPK2 and HDAC2 genes was associated with a faster cortisol recovery to the TSST in both groups .
CONCLUSIONS : The regulation of HDACs and inflammatory pathways may represent some of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the foundation for future studies to further assess meditation strategies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions .

BACKGROUND: A growing body of research shows that mindfulness meditation can alter neural, behavioral and biochemical processes. However, the mechanisms responsible for such clinically relevant effects remain elusive.
METHODS: Here we explored the impact of a day of intensive practice of mindfulness meditation in experienced subjects (n=19) on the expression of circadian, chromatin modulatory and inflammatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In parallel, we analyzed a control group of subjects with no meditation experience who engaged in leisure activities in the same environment (n=21). PBMC from all participants were obtained before (t1) and after (t2) the intervention (t2-t1=8h) and gene expression was analyzed using custom pathway focused quantitative-real time PCR assays. Both groups were also presented with the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST).
RESULTS: Core clock gene expression at baseline (t1) was similar between groups and their rhythmicity was not influenced in meditators by the intensive day of practice. Similarly, we found that all the epigenetic regulatory enzymes and inflammatory genes analyzed exhibited similar basal expression levels in the two groups. In contrast, after the brief intervention we detected reduced expression of histone deacetylase genes (HDAC 2, 3 and 9), alterations in global modification of histones (H4ac; H3K4me3) and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory genes (RIPK2 and COX2) in meditators compared with controls. We found that the expression of RIPK2 and HDAC2 genes was associated with a faster cortisol recovery to the TSST in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The regulation of HDACs and inflammatory pathways may represent some of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of mindfulness-based interventions. Our findings set the foundation for future studies to further assess meditation strategies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Short meditation intervention in trained subjects may rapidly influence the epigenome at sites of po

Short meditation intervention in trained subjects may rapidly influence the epigenome at sites of potential relevance for immune function.

The human methylome is dynamically influenced by psychological stress .
However , its responsiveness to stress management remains underexplored .
Meditation practice has been shown to significantly reduce stress level , among other beneficial neurophysiological outcomes .
Here , we evaluated the impact of a day of intensive meditation practice ( t-t = 8 h ) on the methylome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in experienced meditators ( n = 17 ) .
In parallel , we assessed the influence of a day of leisure activities in the same environment on the methylome of matched control subjects with no meditation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ DNA methylationprofiles were analyzed using the Illumina 450 K beadchip array .
We fitted for each methylation site a linear model for multi-level experiments which adjusts the variation between tand tfor baseline differences .
No significant baseline differences in methylation profiles was detected between groups .
In the meditation group , we identified 61 differentially methylated sites ( DMS ) after the intervention .
These DMS were enriched in genes mostly associated with immune cell metabolism and ageing and in binding sites for several transcription factors involved in immune response and inflammation , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ group , no significant change in methylation level was observed after the day of leisure activities .
These results suggest that a short meditation intervention in trained subjects may rapidly influence the epigenome at sites of potential relevance for immune function and provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the human methylome over short time windows .

The human methylome is dynamically influenced by psychological stress. However, its responsiveness to stress management remains underexplored. Meditation practice has been shown to significantly reduce stress level, among other beneficial neurophysiological outcomes. Here, we evaluated the impact of a day of intensive meditation practice (t-t = 8 h) on the methylome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in experienced meditators (n = 17). In parallel, we assessed the influence of a day of leisure activities in the same environment on the methylome of matched control subjects with no meditation experience (n = 17). DNA methylationprofiles were analyzed using the Illumina 450 K beadchip array. We fitted for each methylation site a linear model for multi-level experiments which adjusts the variation between tand tfor baseline differences. No significant baseline differences in methylation profiles was detected between groups. In the meditation group, we identified 61 differentially methylated sites (DMS) after the intervention. These DMS were enriched in genes mostly associated with immune cell metabolism and ageing and in binding sites for several transcription factors involved in immune response and inflammation, among other functions. In the control group, no significant change in methylation level was observed after the day of leisure activities. These results suggest that a short meditation intervention in trained subjects may rapidly influence the epigenome at sites of potential relevance for immune function and provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the human methylome over short time windows.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Telomere length correlates with subtelomeric DNA methylation in long-term mindfulness practitioners.

Mindfulness and meditation techniques have proven successful for the reduction of stress and improvement in general health .
In addition @ @ @ @ @ longevity and longer telomere length , a proposed biomarker of human aging .
Interestingly , @ @ @ @ @ described at specific subtelomeric regions in long-term meditators compared to controls .
However , the @ @ @ @ @ effects of meditation on human health still remains unclear .
Here we show that DNA @ @ @ @ @ the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip ( Illumina ) array , at specific subtelomeric regions containing GPR31 @ @ @ @ @ with telomere length in long-term meditators with a strong statistical trend when correcting for multiple @ @ @ @ @ showed no association with telomere length in the group of long-term meditators .
These results @ @ @ @ @ could be related to epigenetic mechanisms , in particular gene-specific DNA methylation changes at distinct @ @ @

Mindfulness and meditation techniques have proven successful for the reduction of stress and improvement in general health. In addition, meditation is linked to longevity and longer telomere length, a proposed biomarker of human aging. Interestingly, DNA methylation changes have been described at specific subtelomeric regions in long-term meditators compared to controls. However, the molecular basis underlying these beneficial effects of meditation on human health still remains unclear. Here we show that DNA methylation levels, measured by the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina) array, at specific subtelomeric regions containing GPR31 and SERPINB9 genes were associated with telomere length in long-term meditators with a strong statistical trend when correcting for multiple testing. Notably, age showed no association with telomere length in the group of long-term meditators. These results may suggest that long-term meditation could be related to epigenetic mechanisms, in particular gene-specific DNA methylation changes at distinct subtelomeric regions.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-23--Caffeine may play a protective role in T2DM via increased beta cell function.

The relationship between caffeine and insulin resistance ( IR ) has been assessed only in terms of caffeine intake , and the association between caffeine and beta cell function ( BCF ) remains unclear .
This study examines the association between urinary caffeine and its metabolites , IR , and BCF in nondiabetic , noninstitutionalized US adults in order to account for the inter-individual differences in caffeine metabolism .
Data on urinary caffeine and its metabolites , IR and BCF from adults aged 20 years and older who participated in the 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) .
IR and BCF were assessed using homeostatic model assessment ( HOMA ) and urinary caffeine and its metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry .
After adjusting for all covariates , increases in urinary 1,3-DMU , 1,7-DMU , 1,3,7-TMU , theophylline , paraxanthine , caffeine , and AAMU were significantly associated with increased HOMA-IR and HOMA-β ( HOMA of insulin resistance and beta cell function ) .
Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile of urinary 1,3-DMU , 1,7-DMU , 1,3,7-TMU , theophylline , paraxanthine , caffeine @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were significantly higher among those in the highest quartile .
After stratification by prediabetes status , HOMA-IR and HOMA-β showed significant positive associations with urinary caffeine and its metabolites among subjects with normal fasting plasma glucose levels .
Our cross-sectional study showed that caffeine and its metabolites were positively related to IR and BCF .

The relationship between caffeine and insulin resistance (IR) has been assessed only in terms of caffeine intake, and the association between caffeine and beta cell function (BCF) remains unclear. This study examines the association between urinary caffeine and its metabolites, IR, and BCF in nondiabetic, noninstitutionalized US adults in order to account for the inter-individual differences in caffeine metabolism. Data on urinary caffeine and its metabolites, IR and BCF from adults aged 20 years and older who participated in the 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed (for caffeine = 994). IR and BCF were assessed using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) and urinary caffeine and its metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. After adjusting for all covariates, increases in urinary 1,3-DMU, 1,7-DMU, 1,3,7-TMU, theophylline, paraxanthine, caffeine, and AAMU were significantly associated with increased HOMA-IR and HOMA-β (HOMA of insulin resistance and beta cell function). Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile of urinary 1,3-DMU, 1,7-DMU, 1,3,7-TMU, theophylline, paraxanthine, caffeine, and AAMU, the regression coefficients for HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were significantly higher among those in the highest quartile. After stratification by prediabetes status, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β showed significant positive associations with urinary caffeine and its metabolites among subjects with normal fasting plasma glucose levels. Our cross-sectional study showed that caffeine and its metabolites were positively related to IR and BCF.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-24--Yoga may have a valuable role to play in the treatment of eating disorders.

Yoga has begun to be incorporated into the treatment of eating disorders despite limited empirical support for this practice .
@ @ @ @ @ was to investigate the efficacy of incorporating Yoga into the treatment of eating disorders .
@ @ @ @ @ investigated the benefits of participating in an eight-week Kripalu Yoga program for 53 women with @ @ @ @ @ binge eating disorder .
Compared to waitlist controls , Yoga participants experienced decreases in binge @ @ @ @ @ difficulties and self-criticism , and increases in self-compassion .
Yoga participants also experienced increases in @ @ @ @ @ eight weeks of the Yoga program .
While these results are encouraging and suggest Yoga @ @ @ @ @ to play in the treatment of eating disorders , it is important to stress their @ @ @ @ @ , adopting a more rigorous design , is needed to address the limitations of the @ @ @ @ @ these findings .

Yoga has begun to be incorporated into the treatment of eating disorders despite limited empirical support for this practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of incorporating Yoga into the treatment of eating disorders. This preliminary randomized controlled trial investigated the benefits of participating in an eight-week Kripalu Yoga program for 53 women with symptoms of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Compared to waitlist controls, Yoga participants experienced decreases in binge eating frequency, emotional regulation difficulties and self-criticism, and increases in self-compassion. Yoga participants also experienced increases in state mindfulness skills across the eight weeks of the Yoga program. While these results are encouraging and suggest Yoga may have a valuable role to play in the treatment of eating disorders, it is important to stress their tentative nature. Further research, adopting a more rigorous design, is needed to address the limitations of the present study and expand on these findings.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-24--Yoga led to significant improvements in balance, mobility, and self-reported occupational performanc

Yoga led to significant improvements in balance, mobility, and self-reported occupational performance in adults with chronic brain injury.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE : This was a preliminary investigation to investigate potential benefits of group yoga , as past work has indicated that one-on-one yoga can improve functional deficits in adults with brain injury .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Participants served as their own controls .
Nine participants with chronic brain injury were recruited , and seven ( four female ) completed the study .
Performance measures of balance and mobility and self-reported measures of balance confidence , pain , and occupational performance and satisfaction were used .
Data were collected 3 times : baseline ( study onset ) , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) , and post-yoga ( after 8 weeks of yoga ) .
Group yoga was led by a yoga instructor/occupational therapist , and sessions lasted 1 h and occurred twice a week .
RESULTS : No participants withdrew due to adverse effects from yoga .
There were no significant changes between baseline and pre-yoga .
Significant improvement was observed post-yoga in balance ( p = 0.05 ) , mobility ( p = 0.03 ) , and self-reported occupational performance ( p = 0.04 ) .
CONCLUSION : We observed significant improvements in balance @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in adults with chronic brain injury .

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This was a preliminary investigation to investigate potential benefits of group yoga, as past work has indicated that one-on-one yoga can improve functional deficits in adults with brain injury.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants served as their own controls. Nine participants with chronic brain injury were recruited, and seven (four female) completed the study. Performance measures of balance and mobility and self-reported measures of balance confidence, pain, and occupational performance and satisfaction were used. Data were collected 3 times: baseline (study onset), pre-yoga (after an 8-week no-contact period), and post-yoga (after 8 weeks of yoga). Group yoga was led by a yoga instructor/occupational therapist, and sessions lasted 1 h and occurred twice a week.
RESULTS: No participants withdrew due to adverse effects from yoga. There were no significant changes between baseline and pre-yoga. Significant improvement was observed post-yoga in balance (p = 0.05), mobility (p = 0.03), and self-reported occupational performance (p = 0.04).
CONCLUSION: We observed significant improvements in balance, mobility, and self-reported occupational performance in adults with chronic brain injury.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-24--Yoga therapy has potential to improve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, increase self-care behaviours a

Yoga therapy has potential to improve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, increase self-care behaviours and manage stress and negative affect such as anxiety.

OBJECTIVES : to explore patients ' experiences of an individualised yoga therapy intervention for rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) , specifically in terms of its acceptability and impact on patient-reported outcomes .
DESIGN : Ten patients took part in a 16 week yoga therapy intervention in a hospital setting , consisting of 10 one-to-one consultations with a yoga therapist followed by two group review sessions .
Changes in health ( EQ-5D , HADS ) were assessed pre- and post-intervention and at 12-month follow-up .
In-depth interviews were conducted post-intervention and analysed using thematic analysis .
RESULTS : Attendance of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) and all participants reported strong commitment to their personalised home practice .
There were significant improvements in measures of depression , anxiety , pain , quality of life and general health at post-intervention and 12-months ( p CONCLUSION : This yoga therapy intervention was positively received by patients with RA , with high levels of adherence to both the treatments and tailored home practice .
The findings suggest that yoga therapy has potential as an adjunct therapy to improve RA symptoms , increase self-care behaviours and manage stress and negative affect such @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is therefore warranted .

OBJECTIVES: to explore patients' experiences of an individualised yoga therapy intervention for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), specifically in terms of its acceptability and impact on patient-reported outcomes.
DESIGN: Ten patients took part in a 16 week yoga therapy intervention in a hospital setting, consisting of 10 one-to-one consultations with a yoga therapist followed by two group review sessions. Changes in health (EQ-5D, HADS) were assessed pre- and post-intervention and at 12-month follow-up. In-depth interviews were conducted post-intervention and analysed using thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Attendance of the 1-to-1 sessions was high (98 %) and all participants reported strong commitment to their personalised home practice. There were significant improvements in measures of depression, anxiety, pain, quality of life and general health at post-intervention and 12-months (p < 0.05). In interviews, all but one participant reported positive changes to their symptoms and several reported reductions in their medication and broader benefits such as improved sleep, mood and energy, enabling re-engagement with life. The personally tailored nature of the practice and perceived benefits were key motivational factors. Particular value was placed on the therapeutic function of the consultation and provision of tools to manage stress and build resilience.
CONCLUSION: This yoga therapy intervention was positively received by patients with RA, with high levels of adherence to both the treatments and tailored home practice. The findings suggest that yoga therapy has potential as an adjunct therapy to improve RA symptoms, increase self-care behaviours and manage stress and negative affect such as anxiety. A larger multi-centre study is therefore warranted.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-24--Effect of home-based Tai Chi, Yoga or conventional balance exercise on functional balance and mobili

Effect of home-based Tai Chi, Yoga or conventional balance exercise on functional balance and mobility among persons with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.

Background : Individuals with Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) invariably experience functional decline in a number of motor and non-motor domains affecting posture , balance and gait .
Numerous clinical studies have examined effects of various types of exercise on motor and non-motor problems .
But still much gap remains in our understanding of various therapies and their effect on delaying or slowing the dopamine neuron degeneration .
Recently , Tai Chi and Yoga both have gained popularity as complementary therapies , since both have components for mind and body control .
Objective : The aim of this study @ @ @ @ @ @ @ home-based Tai Chi or Yoga was more effective than regular balance exercises on functional balance and mobility .
Methods : Twenty-seven individuals with Idiopathic PD ( Modified Hoehn and Yahr stages 2.5-3 ) were randomly assigned to either Tai Chi , Yoga or Conventional exercise group .
All the participants were evaluated for Functional Balance and Mobility using Berg Balance Scale , Timed 10 m Walk test and Timed Up and Go test before and after eight weeks of training .
Results : The results were analyzed using two-way mixed ANOVA which showed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for time as F ( 1 , 24 ) 74.18 , ,for overall balance in Berg Balance Scale .
There was also significant main effect of time on mobility overall as F ( 1 , 24 ) , ,in Timed up and Go test and F ( 1 , 24 ) , ,for 10 m Walk test .
There was a significant interaction effect forwith F ( 2 , 24 ) , ,for balance .
With respect to mobility , the values F ( 2 , 24 ) , ,in Timed Up and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 24 ) , ,in 10 m Walk test showed a significant interaction .
But there was no significant main effect between the groups for both balance and mobility .
Conclusion : The findings of this study suggest that Tai Chi as well as Yoga are well adhered and are attractive options for a home-based setting .
As any form of physical activity is considered beneficial for individuals with PD either Tai Chi , Yoga or conventional balance exercises could be used as therapeutic intervention to optimize balance and mobility .
Further studies are @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Tai Chi and Yoga either as multicomponent physical activities or as individual therapies in various stages of PD .

Background: Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) invariably experience functional decline in a number of motor and non-motor domains affecting posture, balance and gait. Numerous clinical studies have examined effects of various types of exercise on motor and non-motor problems. But still much gap remains in our understanding of various therapies and their effect on delaying or slowing the dopamine neuron degeneration. Recently, Tai Chi and Yoga both have gained popularity as complementary therapies, since both have components for mind and body control.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether eight weeks of home-based Tai Chi or Yoga was more effective than regular balance exercises on functional balance and mobility.
Methods: Twenty-seven individuals with Idiopathic PD (Modified Hoehn and Yahr stages 2.5-3) were randomly assigned to either Tai Chi, Yoga or Conventional exercise group. All the participants were evaluated for Functional Balance and Mobility using Berg Balance Scale, Timed 10 m Walk test and Timed Up and Go test before and after eight weeks of training.
Results: The results were analyzed using two-way mixed ANOVA which showed that there was a significant main effect for time as F (1, 24) 74.18,,for overall balance in Berg Balance Scale. There was also significant main effect of time on mobility overall as F(1, 24),,in Timed up and Go test and F(1, 24),,for 10 m Walk test. There was a significant interaction effect forwith F(2, 24),,for balance. With respect to mobility, the values F(2, 24),,in Timed Up and Go test and F(2, 24),,in 10 m Walk test showed a significant interaction. But there was no significant main effect between the groups for both balance and mobility.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that Tai Chi as well as Yoga are well adhered and are attractive options for a home-based setting. As any form of physical activity is considered beneficial for individuals with PD either Tai Chi, Yoga or conventional balance exercises could be used as therapeutic intervention to optimize balance and mobility. Further studies are necessary to understand the mind-body benefits of Tai Chi and Yoga either as multicomponent physical activities or as individual therapies in various stages of PD.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-24--Assessment of significance of Yoga on quality of life in asthma patients.

Background : Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease characterized by periodic attacks of wheezing , shortness of breath and a tight feeling in the chest .
The current study is based on the effect ofon quality of life in asthmatics in Northern India .
Materials and Methods : A total of 300 participants of mild-to-moderate persistent asthma ( FEV > 60 % ) aged between 12 and 60 years were recruited from the Department of Pulmonary Medicine .
Their quality of life was assessed with the help of mini asthma quality-of-life questionnaire ( AQLQ ) at baseline and then @ @ @ @ @ @ @ participants were dropped out during the study while 255 participants completed the study successfully .
Results : In '' thegroup , '' significant improvements were found in all the subdomains of AQLQ at 3month and at 6month in comparison to '' the control group .
`` The number needed to treat was found to be 2.67 for the total AQLQ score which was greater than the minimal important difference .
Conclusion : `` Thegroup '' got significantly better improvement in asthma quality-of-life scores than '' the control group .
`` Thus , can @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the management of asthma .

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease characterized by periodic attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath and a tight feeling in the chest. The current study is based on the effect ofon quality of life in asthmatics in Northern India.
Materials and Methods: A total of 300 participants of mild-to-moderate persistent asthma (FEV>60%) aged between 12 and 60 years were recruited from the Department of Pulmonary Medicine. Their quality of life was assessed with the help of mini asthma quality-of-life questionnaire (AQLQ) at baseline and then after 3and 6month from baseline. Forty-five participants were dropped out during the study while 255 participants completed the study successfully.
Results: In"thegroup,"significant improvements were found in all the subdomains of AQLQ at 3month and at 6month in comparison to"the control group."The number needed to treat was found to be 2.67 for the total AQLQ score which was greater than the minimal important difference.
Conclusion: "Thegroup"got significantly better improvement in asthma quality-of-life scores than"the control group."Thus,can be used as an adjuvant therapy in the management of asthma.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-24--Coconut Water Reduces Body Weight and Blood Sugar

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greenmedinfo--2020-06-24--Acute effects on cardiovascular oscillations during controlled slow yogic breathing

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES : Breathing exercises are believed to modulate the cardiovascular oscillations in the body .
To assess the validity of the assumption and understand the underlying mechanism , the key autonomic regulatory parameters such as heart rate variability ( HRV ) , blood pressure variability ( BPV ) and baroreflex sensitivity ( BRS ) were recorded during controlled slow yogic breathing .
Alternate nostril breathing ( ANB ) was selected as the yogic manoeuvre .
METHODS : Twelve healthy volunteers ( age 30±3.8 yr ) participated in the study .
ANB was performed at a breathing frequency of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
In each participant , the electrocardiogram , respiratory movements , beat-to-beat BP and end-tidal carbon dioxide were recorded for five minutes each : before , during and after ANB .
The records were analyzed for HRV , BPV and BRS .
RESULTS : During ANB , HRV analysis showed significant increase in the standard deviation of all NN intervals , low-frequency ( LF ) component , LF/HF ( low frequency/high frequency ) ratio and significant decrease in the HF component .
BPV analysis showed a significant increase in total power in systolic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( DBPV ) and mean BPV .
BRS analysis showed a significant increase in the total number of sequences in SBPV and DBPV and significant augmentation ofα-LF and reduction in α-HF .
The power spectrum showed a dominant peak in HRV at 0.08 Hz ( LF component ) similar to the respiratory frequency .
The acute short-term change in circulatory control system declined immediately after the cessation of slow yogic breathing ( ANB ) and remained elevated in post-ANB stage as compared to the pre-ANB .
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS : Significant increase in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a dynamic interaction between respiratory and cardiovascular system .
Enhanced phasic relationship with some delay indicated the complexity of the system .
It indicated that respiratory and cardiovascular oscillations were coupled through multiple regulatory mechanisms , such as mechanical coupling , baroreflex and central cardiovascular control .

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Breathing exercises are believed to modulate the cardiovascular oscillations in the body. To assess the validity of the assumption and understand the underlying mechanism, the key autonomic regulatory parameters such as heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were recorded during controlled slow yogic breathing. Alternate nostril breathing (ANB) was selected as the yogic manoeuvre.
METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers (age 30±3.8 yr) participated in the study. ANB was performed at a breathing frequency of 5 breaths per minute (bpm). In each participant, the electrocardiogram, respiratory movements, beat-to-beat BP and end-tidal carbon dioxide were recorded for five minutes each: before, during and after ANB. The records were analyzed for HRV, BPV and BRS.
RESULTS: During ANB, HRV analysis showed significant increase in the standard deviation of all NN intervals, low-frequency (LF) component, LF/HF (low frequency/high frequency) ratio and significant decrease in the HF component. BPV analysis showed a significant increase in total power in systolic BPV (SBPV), diastolic BPV (DBPV) and mean BPV. BRS analysis showed a significant increase in the total number of sequences in SBPV and DBPV and significant augmentation ofα-LF and reduction in α-HF. The power spectrum showed a dominant peak in HRV at 0.08 Hz (LF component) similar to the respiratory frequency. The acute short-term change in circulatory control system declined immediately after the cessation of slow yogic breathing (ANB) and remained elevated in post-ANB stage as compared to the pre-ANB.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Significant increase in cardiovascular oscillations and baroreflex recruitments during-ANB suggested a dynamic interaction between respiratory and cardiovascular system. Enhanced phasic relationship with some delay indicated the complexity of the system. It indicated that respiratory and cardiovascular oscillations were coupled through multiple regulatory mechanisms, such as mechanical coupling, baroreflex and central cardiovascular control.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-24--Diabetic yoga protocol could be a cost-effective tool for preventing prediabetes to diabetes progres

Diabetic yoga protocol could be a cost-effective tool for preventing prediabetes to diabetes progression.

BACKGROUND : Yoga is an ancient system of wellness with Asana and Pranayama as its most popular and propagated modules @ @ @ @ @ .
OBJECTIVES : The aim of the study was to characterise the liver abnormalities , @ @ @ @ @ levels after Yoga intervention in prediabetic females .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : 37 females were @ @ @ @ @ and non-practising control groups .
The Yoga practising group performed Diabetic Yoga Protocol ( DYP @ @ @ @ @ Parameters including size of liver , fatty infiltration , and grade of severity were measured @ @ @ @ @ parameters and stress levels at baseline and after Yoga practice .
RESULTS : The glycosylated @ @ @ @ @ glucose levels were found significantly reduced in prediabetic ( p = 0.015 ) women after @ @ @ @ @ levels increased in menopausal women .
No escalation of fatty liver was noted among women @ @ @ @ @ DYP reduced the HbA1c and stress levels and therefore , could be a cost-effective tool @ @ @ @ @ progression .

BACKGROUND: Yoga is an ancient system of wellness with Asana and Pranayama as its most popular and propagated modules for management of lifestyle disorders.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to characterise the liver abnormalities, biochemical changes, and stress levels after Yoga intervention in prediabetic females.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 37 females were randomly divided into Yoga practising and non-practising control groups. The Yoga practising group performed Diabetic Yoga Protocol (DYP) for 3 months. Parameters including size of liver, fatty infiltration, and grade of severity were measured using ultrasonography along with biochemical parameters and stress levels at baseline and after Yoga practice.
RESULTS: The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glucose levels were found significantly reduced in prediabetic (p = 0.015) women after practising DYP, although cholesterol levels increased in menopausal women. No escalation of fatty liver was noted among women practising DYP.
CONCLUSION: DYP reduced the HbA1c and stress levels and therefore, could be a cost-effective tool for preventing prediabetes to diabetes progression.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-24--Yoga: Can it be integrated with treatment of neuropathic pain?

Background : Neuropathic pain ( NP ) is a debilitating condition that may result from spinal cord injury ( SCI ) .
Nearly 75 % of all SCI results in NP affecting 17,000 new individuals in the United States every year , and an estimated 7-10 % of people worldwide .
It is caused by damaged or dysfunctional nerve fibers sending aberrant signals to pain centers in the central nervous system causing severe pain that affects daily life and routine .
The mechanisms underlying NP are not fully understood , making treatment difficult .
Identification of specific molecular pathways that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ effective treatments has become a major priority in current SCI research .
Yoga has therapeutic applications may prove beneficial in treating subjects suffering chronically with SCI induced NP , chronic back and associated pains if necessary experimental data is generated .
Summary : This review aims to discuss the implications of various mechanistic approaches of yoga which can be tested by new study designs around various nociceptive molecules including matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) , cation-dependent chloride transporter ( NKCC1 ) in SCI induced NP patients .
Key messages : Thus , yogic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ induced NP pain by regulating the action of various mechanisms and its associated molecules .
Modern prescriptive treatment strategies combined with alternative approaches like yoga should be used in rehabilitation centers and clinics in order to ameliorate chronic NP .
We recommend practical considerations of careful yoga practice as part of an integrative medicine approach for NP associated with SCI .

Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a debilitating condition that may result from spinal cord injury (SCI). Nearly 75% of all SCI results in NP affecting 17,000 new individuals in the United States every year, and an estimated 7-10% of people worldwide. It is caused by damaged or dysfunctional nerve fibers sending aberrant signals to pain centers in the central nervous system causing severe pain that affects daily life and routine. The mechanisms underlying NP are not fully understood, making treatment difficult. Identification of specific molecular pathways that are involved in pain syndromes and finding effective treatments has become a major priority in current SCI research. Yoga has therapeutic applications may prove beneficial in treating subjects suffering chronically with SCI induced NP, chronic back and associated pains if necessary experimental data is generated.
Summary: This review aims to discuss the implications of various mechanistic approaches of yoga which can be tested by new study designs around various nociceptive molecules including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cation-dependent chloride transporter (NKCC1)in SCI induced NP patients.
Key messages: Thus, yogic practices could be used in managing SCI induced NP pain by regulating the action of various mechanisms and its associated molecules. Modern prescriptive treatment strategies combined with alternative approaches like yoga should be used in rehabilitation centers and clinics in order to ameliorate chronic NP. We recommend practical considerations of careful yoga practice as part of an integrative medicine approach for NP associated with SCI.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-24--Sudharshan kriya pranayama can significantly decrease periodontal inflammation and improve periodont

Sudharshan kriya pranayama can significantly decrease periodontal inflammation and improve periodontal status.

Introduction Sudharshan kriya pranayama ( SKP ) is a form of yoga that reduces inflammation and contributes to general health .
Very few prior studies have examined the role of pranayama on oral health .
We evaluated the clinical status and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after SKP .
Materials and methods Ninety male subjects were considered for the study and divided into three groups : subjects with a healthy periodontium ( Group1 ) , subjects with chronic gingivitis ( Group2 ) , and subjects with chronic periodontitis ( Group3 ) .
The clinical parameters included @ @ @ @ @ @ @ index ( GI ) , probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , and salivary markers human beta-defensin-2 ( HBD-2 ) , peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ( PPAR-γ ) , and nuclear factor-kappa B ( NF-κB ) .
These parameters and markers were evaluated before and after 90 days of SKP .
The data obtained were statistically evaluated by McNemar 's test , paired sample t-test , and one-way analysis of variance .
Results There was a significant improvement in PI in all three groups .
GI @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 3 .
PPD and CAL also showed an improvement in Group 3 .
HBD-2 and NF-κB decreased with SKP , whereas PPAR-γ expression increased after the intervention .
In Groups 2 and 3 with the decrease in GI , there was a corresponding decrease in HBD-2 .
In Group 3 with an improvement in PPD and CAL , there was an improvement in PPAR-γ expression .
Conclusions The results show that SKP can significantly decrease periodontal inflammation and improve periodontal status .
It also effectively improves the expression of PPAR-γ , thereby decreasing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Based on our results , pranayama can be an effective adjunct in maintaining oral health .

Introduction Sudharshan kriya pranayama (SKP) is a form of yoga that reduces inflammation and contributes to general health. Very few prior studies have examined the role of pranayama on oral health. We evaluated the clinical status and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after SKP. Materials and methods Ninety male subjects were considered for the study and divided into three groups: subjects with a healthy periodontium (Group1), subjects with chronic gingivitis (Group2), and subjects with chronic periodontitis (Group3). The clinical parameters included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and salivary markers human beta-defensin-2(HBD-2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). These parameters and markers were evaluated before and after 90 days of SKP. The data obtained were statistically evaluated by McNemar's test, paired sample t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. Results There was a significant improvement in PI in all three groups. GI showed an improvement in Groups 2 and 3. PPD and CAL also showed an improvement in Group 3. HBD-2 and NF-κB decreased with SKP, whereas PPAR-γ expression increased after the intervention. In Groups 2 and 3 with the decrease in GI, there was a corresponding decrease in HBD-2. In Group 3 with an improvement in PPD and CAL, there was an improvement in PPAR-γ expression. Conclusions The results show that SKP can significantly decrease periodontal inflammation and improve periodontal status. It also effectively improves the expression of PPAR-γ, thereby decreasing salivary levelsof HBD-2 and NF-κB, respectively. Based on our results, pranayama can be an effective adjunct in maintaining oral health.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-24--Sheetali pranayama significantly reduces blood pressure in patients with HTN and improved heart rate

BACKGROUND : Sheetali pranayama is a cooling pranayama practiced for hypertension ( HTN ) .
The effects of Sheetali pranayama @ @ @ @ @ on cardiovascular and autonomic changes in hypertension is unknown .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : The @ @ @ @ @ 100 patients with HTN , randomly allocated to HTN with pranayama ( Intervention group , @ @ @ @ @ HTN without pranayama ( control group , n = 50 ) group .
The intervention @ @ @ @ @ a period of 3 months .
Blood pressure and HRV was assessed before and after @ @ @ @ @ Sheetali pranayama significantly reduces blood pressure in patients with HTN and improved heart rate variability @ @ @ @ @ be practiced in addition to regular medications for the efficacious management of HTN .

BACKGROUND: Sheetali pranayama is a cooling pranayama practiced for hypertension (HTN). The effects of Sheetali pranayama, as a solitary intervention on cardiovascular and autonomic changes in hypertension is unknown.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study was conducted on 100 patients with HTN, randomly allocated to HTN with pranayama (Intervention group,n = 50) and HTN without pranayama (control group,n = 50) group. The intervention group practiced Sheetali pranayama for a period of 3 months. Blood pressure and HRV was assessed before and after the intervention.
RESULTS: Intervention group showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in blood pressure variables when compared to the control group. In short term HRV, time and frequency domain parameters showed parasympathetic dominance (P < 0.05) in the intervention group.
CONCLUSION: Sheetali pranayama significantly reduces blood pressure in patients with HTN and improved heart rate variability. Sheetali pranayama could thus be practiced in addition to regular medications for the efficacious management of HTN.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-24--Short-term voluntary slow breathing exercises can reduce resting HR, SBP, and DBP for patients with

Short-term voluntary slow breathing exercises can reduce resting HR, SBP, and DBP for patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Rising heart rate ( HR ) and elevated blood pressure ( BP ) cause a greater frequency of cardiovascular events .
Many patients can not maintain target HR and BP using pharmacological therapies .
To evaluate the effectiveness of voluntary slow breathing exercises in reducing resting HR and BP , we searched Embase ( 1974 to April 2016 ) , PubMed ( 1966 to April 2016 ) , the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ( issue 4 , April 2016 ) , and PEDro ( www.pedro.org.au ; 1999 to April 2016 ) .
The primary outcome was the mean @ @ @ @ @ @ @ outcomes included changes in systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) and diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) as well as compliance with the breathing training .
Finally , we included 6 studies consisting of 269 subjects .
Practice of the breathing exercises resulted in statistically significant HR reduction ( mean difference : -1.72 beats/min , 95 % CI -2.70 to -0.75 ) .
Reductions were seen in SBP ( mean difference : -6.36 mm Hg , 95 % CI -10.32 to -2.39 ) and DBP ( mean difference : -6.39 mm Hg , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ compared with the controls .
Trial durations ranged from 2 weeks to 6 months .
In conclusion , the existing evidence from randomized controlled trails demonstrates that short-term voluntary slow breathing exercises can reduce resting HR , SBP , and DBP for patients with cardiovascular diseases .

Rising heart rate (HR) and elevated blood pressure (BP) cause a greater frequency of cardiovascular events. Many patients cannot maintain target HR and BP using pharmacological therapies. To evaluate the effectiveness of voluntary slow breathing exercises in reducing resting HR and BP, we searched Embase (1974 to April 2016), PubMed (1966 to April 2016), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (issue 4, April 2016), and PEDro (www.pedro.org.au; 1999 to April 2016). The primary outcome was the mean change in HR at rest. Secondary outcomes included changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as well as compliance with the breathing training. Finally, we included 6 studies consisting of 269 subjects. Practice of the breathing exercises resulted in statistically significant HR reduction (mean difference: -1.72 beats/min, 95% CI -2.70 to -0.75). Reductions were seen in SBP (mean difference: -6.36 mm Hg, 95% CI -10.32 to -2.39) and DBP (mean difference: -6.39 mm Hg, 95% CI -7.30 to -5.49) compared with the controls. Trial durations ranged from 2 weeks to 6 months. In conclusion, the existing evidence from randomized controlled trails demonstrates that short-term voluntary slow breathing exercises can reduce resting HR, SBP, and DBP for patients with cardiovascular diseases.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-24--It is concluded that sukha pranayama at the rate of 6 breaths/minute can reduce heart rate and blood

It is concluded that sukha pranayama at the rate of 6 breaths/minute can reduce heart rate and blood pressure in hypertensive patients within 5 minutes of practice.

UNLABELLED : Hypertension is one of the most common health disorders , and yoga has been shown to be an effective adjunct therapy in its management .
Earlier studies have reported blood pressure ( BP ) -lowering effects of slow , deep breathing after 3 weeks and 3 months of training and beneficial immediate effects of slow , deep breathing in reducing premature ventricular complexes and lowering blood pressure .
None of these immediate studies used the concept of pranayama , involving conscious internal awareness of the whole breathing process .
This study was undertaken to determine the immediate cardiovascular @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
METHODS : Twenty-three hypertensive patients attending the Yoga OPD at JIPMER were recruited for the study and instructed to perform sukha pranayama for 5 minutes at the rate of 6 breaths/min .
This pranayama involves conscious , slow and deep breathing with equal duration for inhalation and exhalation .
Heart rate ( HR ) and BP were recorded before and immediately after the intervention .
DISCUSSION : It is concluded that sukha pranayama at the rate of 6 breaths/minute can reduce HR and BP in hypertensive patients within 5 minutes of practice @ @ @ @ @ @ @ normalization of autonomic cardiovascular rhythms as a result of increased vagal modulation and/or decreased sympathetic activity and improved baroreflex sensitivity .
Further studies are required to understand possible mechanisms underlying this beneficial immediate effect and to determine how long such a beneficial effect persists .

UNLABELLED: Hypertension is one of the most common health disorders, and yoga has been shown to be an effective adjunct therapy in its management. Earlier studies have reported blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of slow, deep breathing after 3 weeks and 3 months of training and beneficial immediate effects of slow, deep breathing in reducing premature ventricular complexes and lowering blood pressure. None of these immediate studies used the concept of pranayama, involving conscious internal awareness of the whole breathing process. This study was undertaken to determine the immediate cardiovascular effects of sukha pranayama in hypertensive patients.
METHODS: Twenty-three hypertensive patients attending the Yoga OPD at JIPMER were recruited for the study and instructed to perform sukha pranayama for 5 minutes at the rate of 6 breaths/min. This pranayama involves conscious, slow and deep breathing with equal duration for inhalation and exhalation. Heart rate (HR) and BP were recorded before and immediately after the intervention.
RESULTS: Post-intervention statistical analysis revealed a significant (p<.05) reduction in HR and a highly significant (p<.001) reduction in systolic pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, rate-pressure product, and double product with an insignificant fall in diastolic pressure.
DISCUSSION: It is concluded that sukha pranayama at the rate of 6 breaths/minute can reduce HR and BP in hypertensive patients within 5 minutes of practice. This may be due to a normalization of autonomic cardiovascular rhythms as a result of increased vagal modulation and/or decreased sympathetic activity and improved baroreflex sensitivity. Further studies are required to understand possible mechanisms underlying this beneficial immediate effect and to determine how long such a beneficial effect persists.