greenmedinfo--2020-10-03--Astragaloside IV ameliorates preeclampsia-induced oxidative stress.

Preeclampsia ( PE ) can cause serious health problems for pregnant women and their infants .
Astragaloside IV has been shown to exert cardioprotective , anti-inflammatory , and anti-oxidative effects on various disorders .
We aimed to study the effects of Astragaloside IV on PE symptoms using an NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester ( L-NAME ) -induced rat model of PE .
The pregnant rats ' physiological features , including blood pressure , urine protein , serum sFlt-1/PIGF ratio , and weight of placenta , as well as the weight , length , and survival of pups , were documented .
The expression @ @ @ @ @ @ @ western blot assay and qRT-PCR assay .
The levels of target secreted proteins were determined by ELISA assay .
We demonstrated that the administration of Astragaloside IV might exert a multitude of beneficial effects on attenuated PE symptoms in a rat model of PE .
We further revealed that the effects of Astragaloside IV on PE rats were achieved at least partially through elimination of oxidative stress and stimulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) / heme oxygenase-1 ( HO-1 ) signaling pathway .
Our study indicated that Astragaloside @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for the development of new therapeutically methods for patients with PE .

Preeclampsia (PE) can cause serious health problems for pregnant women and their infants. Astragaloside IV has been shown to exert cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects on various disorders. We aimed to study the effects of Astragaloside IV on PE symptoms using an NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced rat model of PE. The pregnant rats' physiological features, including blood pressure, urine protein, serum sFlt-1/PIGF ratio, and weight of placenta, as well as the weight, length, and survival of pups, were documented. The expression levels of target genes were analyzed by western blot assay and qRT-PCR assay. The levels of target secreted proteins were determined by ELISA assay. We demonstrated that the administration of Astragaloside IV might exert a multitude of beneficial effects on attenuated PE symptoms in a rat model of PE. We further revealed that the effects of Astragaloside IV on PE rats were achieved at least partially through elimination of oxidative stress and stimulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. Our study indicated that Astragaloside IV may serve as a promising candidate for the development of new therapeutically methods for patients with PE.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-03--Astragaloside IV-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation ameliorates lead-related cognitive impairments i

Astragaloside IV-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation ameliorates lead-related cognitive impairments in mice.

Recently , oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathogenesis of metal-induced neurotoxicity .
Thus , antioxidant therapy is considered as a promising strategy for treating lead-related cognitive impairment .
Here , we tested the hypothesis that astragaloside IV ( AS-IV ) ameliorates lead-associated cognitive deficits through Nrf2-dependent antioxidant mechanisms .
Male Nrf2-KO and WT mice received drinking water with 2000 ppm lead and/or AS-IV by gavage for 8 weeks starting at 4 weeks of age .
Morris water maze test and biochemical assays were employed to study cognition-enhancing and antioxidant effects of AS-IV .
The signaling pathways involved @ @ @ @ @ @ @ technology .
Significantly , AS-IV attenuated Morris water maze-based cognitive impairment in lead-intoxicated mice .
Importantly , cognition-enhancing effect of AS-IV was lost in Nrf2-KO mice .
In parallel , AS-IV suppressed lead acetate ( PbAc ) -induced oxidative stress , as measured by MDA .
Mechanistically , AS-IV can up-regulatethe expressions of the GCLc and HO-1 at the level of transcription and translation , but not SOD , TrxR activity , GCLm , Trx1 , and NQO1 expression .
Interestingly , AS-IV induced accumulation of Nrf2 in the nucleus , whereas Nrf2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ AS-IV treatment resulted in elevated levels of phosphorylated Akt ( active form ) and phosphorylated GSK-3β ( inactive forms ) but decreased level of phosphorylated Fyn .
Collectively , our findings indicate that AS-IV may target Nrf2 to attenuate lead-triggered oxidative stress and subsequent cognitive impairments , suggesting that AS-IVis a potential candidate for the treatment of lead-associated cognitive diseases .

Recently, oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathogenesis of metal-induced neurotoxicity. Thus, antioxidant therapy is considered as a promising strategy for treating lead-related cognitive impairment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that astragaloside IV (AS-IV) ameliorates lead-associated cognitive deficits through Nrf2-dependent antioxidant mechanisms. Male Nrf2-KO and WT mice received drinking water with 2000 ppm lead and/or AS-IV by gavage for 8 weeks starting at 4 weeks of age. Morris water maze test and biochemical assays were employed to study cognition-enhancing and antioxidant effects of AS-IV. The signaling pathways involved were analyzed using RT-PCR and western blot technology. Significantly, AS-IV attenuated Morris water maze-based cognitive impairment in lead-intoxicated mice. Importantly, cognition-enhancing effect of AS-IV was lost in Nrf2-KO mice. In parallel, AS-IV suppressed lead acetate (PbAc)-induced oxidative stress, as measured by MDA. Mechanistically, AS-IV can up-regulatethe expressions of the GCLc and HO-1 at the level of transcription and translation, but not SOD, TrxR activity, GCLm, Trx1, and NQO1 expression. Interestingly, AS-IV induced accumulation of Nrf2 in the nucleus, whereas Nrf2 mRNA levels were unchanged. Furthermore, AS-IV treatment resulted in elevated levels of phosphorylated Akt (active form) and phosphorylated GSK-3β (inactive forms) but decreased level of phosphorylated Fyn. Collectively, our findings indicate that AS-IV may target Nrf2 to attenuate lead-triggered oxidative stress and subsequent cognitive impairments, suggesting that AS-IVis a potential candidate for the treatment of lead-associated cognitive diseases.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-05--Cellular target proteome in breast cancer cells of an oplopane sesquiterpenoid isolated from Tussila

Cellular target proteome in breast cancer cells of an oplopane sesquiterpenoid isolated from Tussilago farfara.

is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat coughs , bronchitis , and asthma .
Its bioactive compounds include sesquiterpenoids with anti-inflammatory , antiproliferative , neuroprotective , and other effects .
Biochemical studies have highlighted the mechanisms of action , but the investigations of related molecular pathways have not specified direct molecular targets .
Therefore , this study profiled cellular target proteins of a sesquiterpenoid isolated fromusing quantitative chemical proteomics in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells .
Compound , 7β- ( 3'-ethyl -- crotonoyloxy ) -1α- ( 2'-methyl butyryloxy ) -3,14-dehydro -- notonipetranone , exhibited potent antiproliferative activity @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , and its potential cellular target proteins were identified using a compound-based clickable probe .
Among > 200 identified proteins , 17 showed enrichment ratios of > 3 in both cell lines , while recombinant 14-3-3 protein zeta and peroxiredoxin-1 were verified using isothermic calorimetry and their alkylation sites .
Considering the interaction between theα , β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety of compoundand cysteine residues of the proteins , peptides containing Cys25 and Cys94 of 14-3-3 protein zeta and Cys83 of peroxiredoxin-1 were significantly reduced by this sesquiterpene ester .
Although the results did not @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cells , identification of potential target proteins contributes to enhanced understanding of its antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects .

is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat coughs, bronchitis, and asthma. Its bioactive compounds include sesquiterpenoids with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, neuroprotective, and other effects. Biochemical studies have highlighted the mechanisms of action, but the investigations of related molecular pathways have not specified direct molecular targets. Therefore, this study profiled cellular target proteins of a sesquiterpenoid isolated fromusing quantitative chemical proteomics in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Compound, 7β-(3'-ethyl--crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2'-methyl butyryloxy)-3,14-dehydro--notonipetranone, exhibited potent antiproliferative activity based on itsα,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety, and its potential cellular target proteins were identified using a compound-based clickable probe. Among>200 identified proteins, 17 showed enrichment ratios of>3 in both cell lines, while recombinant 14-3-3 protein zeta and peroxiredoxin-1 were verified using isothermic calorimetry and their alkylation sites. Considering the interaction between theα,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety of compoundand cysteine residues of the proteins, peptides containing Cys25 and Cys94 of 14-3-3 protein zeta and Cys83 of peroxiredoxin-1 were significantly reduced by this sesquiterpene ester. Although the results did not elucidate the effects of compoundin breast cancer cells, identification of potential target proteins contributes to enhanced understanding of its antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-05--Prenylated indole alkaloids and lignans from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara.

Six new compounds including four prenylated indole alkaloids ( 1-4 ) and two lignans ( 5-6 ) , along with @ @ @ @ @ ) , were isolated from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara .
Structures of the @ @ @ @ @ comparison with structurally related known analogues and also by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses .
Their absolute @ @ @ @ @ variety of means including Mosher 's method , Marfey 's analysis , electronic circular dichroism @ @ @ @ @ method and ECD calculations .
Our bioassays have established that compounds 1 and 2 showed @ @ @ @ @ of 105 ± 4.7 and 35.2 ± 3.2 μM , respectively , while the known @ @ @ @ @ DPPH radical scavenging activity with ICvalues of 45.2 ± 2.9 and 29.2 ± 2.0 μM @ @ @

Six new compounds including four prenylated indole alkaloids (1-4) and two lignans (5-6), along with eight known cometabolites (7-14), were isolated from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara. Structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comparison with structurally related known analogues and also by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. Their absolute configurations were determined by a variety of means including Mosher's method, Marfey's analysis, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) exciton chirality method and ECD calculations. Our bioassays have established that compounds 1 and 2 showed potentα-glucosidase inhibitory activity with ICvalues of 105 ± 4.7 and 35.2 ± 3.2 μM, respectively, while the known 13 and 14 exerted moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity with ICvalues of 45.2 ± 2.9 and 29.2 ± 2.0 μM, respectively.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-06--Success -- FDA Finally Issues Amalgam Warning

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By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing , treating @ @ @ @ @ or preventing any type of disease or medical condition .
Before beginning any type of @ @ @ @ @ treatment regimen , it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional @

This website is for information purposes only. By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing, treating, curing, mitigating, or preventing any type of disease or medical condition. Before beginning any type of natural, integrative or conventional treatment regimen, it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional.
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greenmedinfo--2020-10-06--Trump Still in Danger: Doctors Added Third Drug to His Reckless Experimental Treatment


greenmedinfo--2020-10-06--How Will Unhealthy Americans React to COVID-19 Vaccines?


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Cannabis May Mitigate Pain From Sickle Cell Disease


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhances nanodelivery of antiretroviral across the blood

Incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhances nanodelivery of antiretroviral across the blood-brain barrier for treatment of HIV reservoir in brain.

Although the newer antiretroviral ( ARV ) drugs are highly active against the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) in the body compartment , they often fail to effectively tackle the HIV reservoir in the brain because of inefficient penetration to the blood-brain barrier ( BBB ) .
In this study , we investigated the potential benefits of incorporating docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) , an omega-3 fatty acid essential for brain development , in lipid nanocarriers for facilitating the BBB passage of an ARV darunavir .
The resulting nanocarriers ( nanoARVs ) containing 5-15 % DHA were 90-140 nm @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( ~11-13 % w/w ) , good stability and minimal cellular toxicity , and could be further decorated with transferrin ( Tf ) for Tf-receptor targeting .
In BBB models of hCMEC/d3 cells , nanoARVs with higher DHA content achieved increased nanocarrier uptake and up to 8.99-fold higher darunavir permeation than free darunavir .
In animals , nanoARVs were able to achieve 3.38-5.93-fold increase in brain darunavir level over free darunavir .
Tf-conjugated nanoARVs also achieved significantly higher anti-HIV activity than free darunavir ( viral titer 2 to 2.6-fold higher inlatter group ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ targeting showed that while both strategies could enhance the cellular uptake and brain accumulation of the nanocarriers , DHA was more effective ( P

Although the newer antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are highly active against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the body compartment, they often fail to effectively tackle the HIV reservoir in the brain because of inefficient penetration to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the potential benefits of incorporating docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid essential for brain development, in lipid nanocarriers for facilitating the BBB passage of an ARV darunavir. The resulting nanocarriers (nanoARVs) containing 5-15% DHA were 90-140 nm in size, had high darunavir payload (~11-13% w/w), good stability and minimal cellular toxicity, and could be further decorated with transferrin (Tf) for Tf-receptor targeting. In BBB models of hCMEC/d3 cells, nanoARVs with higher DHA content achieved increased nanocarrier uptake and up to 8.99-fold higher darunavir permeation than free darunavir. In animals, nanoARVs were able to achieve 3.38-5.93-fold increase in brain darunavir level over free darunavir. Tf-conjugated nanoARVs also achieved significantly higher anti-HIV activity than free darunavir (viral titer 2 to 2.6-fold higher inlatter group). Comparison of DHA incorporation and Tf-receptor targeting showed that while both strategies could enhance the cellular uptake and brain accumulation of the nanocarriers, DHA was more effective (P < 0.05) for improving BBB permeation and brain accumulation of the darunavir payload. Substituting DHA with another oil noticeably reduced the cellular uptake of nanoARVs. Overall, this proof-of-concept study has supported the development of DHA-based nanoARVs as an effective, safe yet technicallysimple strategy to enhance brain delivery of darunavir and potentially other lipophilic ARVs for treatment of HIV reservoir.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Hydroxytyrosol may induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.

Purpose : Colorectal cancer is the third-most commonly occurring cancer in developed countries .
Hydroxytyrosol is a potent antioxidant that has several activities , such as oxidative-stress control , inhibition of cell proliferation , and induction of apoptosis .
In this study , the effect of hydroxytyrosol on the expression of genes effective in apoptosis - , , , , , and- and antioxidant-enzyme activity in LS180 cells of human colorectal cancer was investigated .
Methods : The human colorectal cancer cell line LS180 was treated with different concentrations of hydroxytyrosol for 24 hours .
Expression of , , , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The activity of antioxidant and malondialdehyde enzymes was measured by calorimetric methods .
Results : Analysis of gene expression showed that hydroxytyrosol significantly increased the expression ofand the BAX : BCL2 ratio in treatment groups compared to the control ( < 0.05 ) .
Also , hydroxytyrosol significantly reduced the expression of thegene ( < 0.05 ) .
Calorimetric analysis showed that hydroxytyrosol increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase , superoxide dismutase , and glutathione peroxidase in treatment groups significantly more than the control group and reduced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) .
Conclusion : Hydroxytyrosol may induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by increasing the expression ofgene and increasing the : ratio .
Also , hydroxytyrosol may increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce the proliferation of LS180 cells by changing the antioxidant-defense system in cancer cells .

Purpose: Colorectal cancer is the third-most commonly occurring cancer in developed countries. Hydroxytyrosol is a potent antioxidant that has several activities, such as oxidative-stress control, inhibition of cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. In this study, the effect of hydroxytyrosol on the expression of genes effective in apoptosis -,,,,, and- and antioxidant-enzyme activity in LS180 cells of human colorectal cancer was investigated.
Methods: The human colorectal cancer cell line LS180 was treated with different concentrations of hydroxytyrosol for 24 hours. Expression of,,,,, andwas investigated using real-time PCR. The activity of antioxidant and malondialdehyde enzymes was measured by calorimetric methods.
Results: Analysis of gene expression showed that hydroxytyrosol significantly increased the expression ofand the BAX:BCL2 ratio in treatment groups compared to the control (<0.05). Also, hydroxytyrosol significantly reduced the expression of thegene (<0.05). Calorimetric analysis showed that hydroxytyrosol increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in treatment groups significantly more than the control group and reduced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances on an oxidative stress index (<0.05).
Conclusion: Hydroxytyrosol may induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by increasing the expression ofgene and increasing the:ratio. Also, hydroxytyrosol may increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce the proliferation of LS180 cells by changing the antioxidant-defense system in cancer cells.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Molecular action of hydroxytyrosol in wound healing.

Hydroxytyrosol ( HT ) is an essential molecule isolated from the phenolic fraction of olive ( ) .
HT has been implicated for its health-stimulating effect mainly due to its antioxidative capacity .
The current review summarises and discusses the available evidence , related to HT activities in wound healing enhancement .
The literature search of related articles published within the year 2010 to 2020 was conducted using Medline via Ebscohost , Scopus , and Google Scholar databases .
Studies were limited to in vitro research regarding the role of HT in wound closure , including anti-inflammation , antimicrobial , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the cells involved in wound healing .
The literature search revealed 7136 potentially relevant records were obtained from the database search .
Through the screening process , 13 relevant in vitro studies investigating the role of HT in wound repair were included .
The included studies reported a proangiogenic , antioxidative , antiaging , anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of HT .
The current in vitro evidence-based review highlights the cellular and molecular action of HT in influencing positive outcomes toward wound healing .
Based on this evidence , HT is a highly recommended @ @ @ @ @ @ @ pharmaceutical product for wound care applications .

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is an essential molecule isolated from the phenolic fraction of olive (). HT has been implicated for its health-stimulating effect mainly due to its antioxidative capacity. The current review summarises and discusses the available evidence, related to HT activities in wound healing enhancement. The literature search of related articles published within the year 2010 to 2020 was conducted using Medline via Ebscohost, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Studies were limited to in vitro research regarding the role of HT in wound closure, including anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, antioxidative, and its direct effect to the cells involved in wound healing. The literature search revealed 7136 potentially relevant records were obtained from the database search. Through the screening process, 13 relevant in vitro studies investigating the role of HT in wound repair were included. The included studies reported a proangiogenic, antioxidative, antiaging, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of HT. The current in vitro evidence-based review highlights the cellular and molecular action of HT in influencing positive outcomes toward wound healing. Based on this evidence, HT is a highly recommended bioactive compound to be used as a pharmaceutical product for wound care applications.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Anticancer molecular mechanisms of oleocanthal.

Cancer is among the leading causes of mortality worldwide .
Current cancer therapies are associated with serious side effects , which further damage patients ' health .
Therefore , the search for new anticancer agents with no toxic effects on normal and healthy cells is of great interest .
Recently , we and other groups have demonstrated that oleocanthal ( OLC ) , a phenolic compound from extra virgin olive oil , exhibits antitumor activity in various tumor models .
However , the underlying mechanisms and intracellular targets of OLC remain to be completely elucidated .
This review summarizes the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ OLC , with particular emphasis on the molecular signaling pathways modulated by this compound in different tumor cell types .
The major mechanisms of action of OLC include modulation of the apoptotic pathway , the HGF/c-Met pathway , and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway , among others .
Furthermore , OLC has synergistic effects with anticancer drugs in vitro .
Also discussed are OLC bioavailability and its concentration in olive oil .
Data summarized here will represent a database for more extensive studies aimed at providing information on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .

Cancer is among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Current cancer therapies are associated with serious side effects, which further damage patients' health. Therefore, the search for new anticancer agents with no toxic effects on normal and healthy cells is of great interest. Recently, we and other groups have demonstrated that oleocanthal (OLC), a phenolic compound from extra virgin olive oil, exhibits antitumor activity in various tumor models. However, the underlying mechanisms and intracellular targets of OLC remain to be completely elucidated. This review summarizes the current advancers concerning the anticancer activity of OLC, with particular emphasis on the molecular signaling pathways modulated by this compound in different tumor cell types. The major mechanisms of action of OLC include modulation of the apoptotic pathway, the HGF/c-Met pathway, and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway, among others. Furthermore, OLC has synergistic effects with anticancer drugs in vitro. Also discussed are OLC bioavailability and its concentration in olive oil. Data summarized here will represent a database for more extensive studies aimed at providing information on molecular mechanisms against cancer induced by OLC.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Oleocanthal as a dual c-MET-COX2 inhibitor for the control of lung cancer.

Lung cancer ( LC ) represents the topmost mortality-causing cancer in the U.S. LC patients have overall poor survival rate with limited available treatment options .
Dysregulation of the mesenchymal epithelial transition factor ( c-MET ) and cyclooxygenase 2 ( COX2 ) initiates aggressive LC profile in a subset of patients .
The Mediterranean extra-virgin olive oil ( EVOO ) -rich diet already documented to reduce multiple malignancies incidence .
( - ) -Oleocanthal ( OC ) is a naturally occurring phenolic secoiridoid exclusively occurring in EVOO and showed documented anti-breast and other cancer activities via targeting c-MET .
This @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to suppress LC progression and metastasis through dual targeting of c-MET and COX-2 .
Western blot analysis and COX enzymatic assay showed significant reduction in the total and activated c-MET levels and inhibition of COX1/2 activity in the lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 and NCI-H322M , in vitro .
In addition , OC treatment caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the HGF-induced LC cells migration .
Daily oral treatment with 10 mg/kg OC for 8 weeks significantly suppressed the LC A549-Luc progression and prevented metastasis to brain and other organs in a nude mouse tail @ @ @ @ @ @ @ data of OC-treated lung tumors showed a distinct gene signature that confirmed the dual targeting of c-MET and COX2 .
Thus , the EVOO-based OC is an effective lead with translational potential for use as a prospective nutraceutical to control LC progression and metastasis .

Lung cancer (LC) represents the topmost mortality-causing cancer in the U.S. LC patients have overall poor survival rate with limited available treatment options. Dysregulation of the mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) initiates aggressive LC profile in a subset of patients. The Mediterranean extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO)-rich diet already documented to reduce multiple malignancies incidence. (-)-Oleocanthal (OC) is a naturally occurring phenolic secoiridoid exclusively occurring in EVOO and showed documented anti-breast and other cancer activities via targeting c-MET. This study shows the novel ability of OC to suppress LC progression and metastasis through dual targeting of c-MET and COX-2. Western blot analysis and COX enzymatic assay showed significant reduction in the total and activated c-MET levels and inhibition of COX1/2 activity in the lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 and NCI-H322M, in vitro. In addition, OC treatment caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the HGF-induced LC cells migration. Daily oral treatment with 10 mg/kg OC for 8 weeks significantly suppressed the LC A549-Luc progression and prevented metastasis to brain and other organs in a nude mouse tail vein injection model. Further, microarray data of OC-treated lung tumors showed a distinct gene signature that confirmed the dual targeting of c-MET and COX2. Thus, the EVOO-based OC is an effective lead with translational potential for use as a prospective nutraceutical to control LC progression and metastasis.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--The inhibitory effect of extra virgin olive oil and its active compound oleocanthal on prostaglandin

The inhibitory effect of extra virgin olive oil and its active compound oleocanthal on prostaglandin-induced uterine hypercontraction and pain.

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common occurrence in adolescent women and is a type of chronic inflammation .
Dysmenorrhea is due to an increase in oxidative stress , which increases cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ) expression , increases the concentration of prostaglandin F2α ( PGF2α ) , and increases the calcium concentration in uterine smooth muscle , causing excessive uterine contractions and pain .
The polyphenolic compound oleocanthal ( OC ) in extra virgin olive oil ( EVOO ) has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect .
This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of extra virgin olive @ @ @ @ @ @ @ OC ) on prostaglandin-induced uterine hyper-contraction , its antioxidant ability , and related mechanisms .
We used force-displacement transducers to calculate uterine contraction in an ex vivo study .
To analyzethe analgesic effect , in an in vivo study , we used an acetic acid/oxytocin-induced mice writhing model and determined uterus contraction-related signaling protein expression .
The active compound OC inhibited calcium/PGF2α-induced uterine hyper-contraction .
In the acetic acid and oxytocin-induced mice writhing model , the intervention of the EVOO acetonitrile layer extraction inhibited pain by inhibiting oxidative stress and the phosphorylation of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ /extracellular signal-regulated kinases ( ERK ) / myosin light chain ( MLC ) signaling pathway .
These findings supported the idea that EVOO and its active ingredient , OC , can effectively decrease oxidative stress and PGF2α-induced uterine hyper-contraction , representing a further treatment for dysmenorrhea .

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common occurrence in adolescent women and is a type of chronic inflammation. Dysmenorrhea is due to an increase in oxidative stress, which increases cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, increases the concentration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), and increases the calcium concentration in uterine smooth muscle, causing excessive uterine contractions and pain. The polyphenolic compound oleocanthal (OC) in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of extra virgin olive oil and its active ingredient oleocanthal (OC) on prostaglandin-induced uterine hyper-contraction, its antioxidant ability, and related mechanisms. We used force-displacement transducers to calculate uterine contraction in an ex vivo study. To analyzethe analgesic effect, in an in vivo study, we used an acetic acid/oxytocin-induced mice writhing model and determined uterus contraction-related signaling protein expression. The active compound OC inhibited calcium/PGF2α-induced uterine hyper-contraction. In the acetic acid and oxytocin-induced mice writhing model, the intervention of the EVOO acetonitrile layer extraction inhibited pain by inhibiting oxidative stress and the phosphorylation of the protein kinase C (PKC)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)/ myosin light chain (MLC) signaling pathway. These findings supported the idea that EVOO and its active ingredient, OC, can effectively decrease oxidative stress and PGF2α-induced uterine hyper-contraction, representing a further treatment for dysmenorrhea.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Extra virgin olive oil with a high oleocanthal concentration had beneficial effects on metabolic par

Extra virgin olive oil with a high oleocanthal concentration had beneficial effects on metabolic parameters in MetS subjects.

Extra virgin olive oil ( EVOO ) intake is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk , and its phenolic compound oleocanthal ( OC ) has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties .
The cardiometabolic effects of EVOO with a high OC concentration have not been fully elucidated .
We administered EVOO with a high OC concentration daily to 23 subjects with the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) and hepatic steatosis ( 15 men and 8 women , age : 60± 11 years ) for 2 months .
Anthropometric data , metabolic parameters , hepatic steatosis ( by fatty liver index , FLI ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) , and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were assessed before and after the intervention .
EVOO supplementation was associated with a reduction in body weight , waist circumference , body mass index ( BMI ) , alanine transaminase and FLI , as well as interleukin ( IL ) -6 , IL-17A , tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1B , while IL-10 increased .
Maximum subcutaneous fat thickness ( SFT max ) also increased , with a concomitant decrease in the ratio of visceral fat layer thickness/SFT max .
Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between @ @ @ @ @ @ @ those in SFT max , along with an inverse association between changes in IL-6 and those in SFT max .
In conclusion , ingestion of EVOO with a high OC concentration had beneficial effects on metabolic parameters , inflammatory cytokines and abdominal fat distribution in MetS subjects with hepatic steatosis , a category of patients at high cardiometabolic risk .

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) intake is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, and its phenolic compound oleocanthal (OC) has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The cardiometabolic effects of EVOO with a high OC concentration have not been fully elucidated. We administered EVOO with a high OC concentration daily to 23 subjects with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hepatic steatosis (15 men and 8 women, age: 60± 11 years) for 2 months. Anthropometric data, metabolic parameters, hepatic steatosis (by fatty liver index, FLI), abdominal fat distribution (by ultrasound), and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were assessed before and after the intervention. EVOO supplementation was associated with a reduction in body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), alanine transaminase and FLI, as well as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1B, while IL-10 increased. Maximum subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT max) also increased, with a concomitant decrease in the ratio of visceral fat layer thickness/SFT max. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between changes in body weight and BMI and those in SFT max, along with an inverse association between changes in IL-6 and those in SFT max. In conclusion, ingestion of EVOO with a high OC concentration had beneficial effects on metabolic parameters, inflammatory cytokines and abdominal fat distribution in MetS subjects with hepatic steatosis, a category of patients at high cardiometabolic risk.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Fig extract and extra virgin olive oil have a powerful antioxidant and many protective effects again

Fig extract and extra virgin olive oil have a powerful antioxidant and many protective effects against cardiac and renal toxicity induced by 5-FU.

5-Fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) , a chemotherapeutic drug , has adverse effects on heart and kidney functions .
Ficus Carica ( fig ) and extra virgin olive oil ( EVOO ) are natural sources which have antioxidant effects .
This study investigated the synergistic effects of fig extract and EVOO against cardiac and renal damage induced by 5-FU .
Forty rats were equally divided into five groups and treated with physiological saline ( control ) , five intravenous injections of 5-FU ( 40 mg/kg b.w ) ( 5-FU ) , fig ( 1 g/kg b.w/day , orally ) with 5-FU @ @ @ @ @ @ @ g/kg b.w/day , orally ) with 5-FU ( EVOO/5-FU ) , combined treatment of fig and EVOO with five 5-FU injections ( Fig/EVOO/5-FU ) .
After 30 days , blood and tissue samples ( Heart and kidney ) were collected to be used in the examinations .
5-FU significantly increased serum creatine kinase activity , renal biomarkers , cholesterol , triglycerides , C-reactive protein , tumor necrosis factor-α , and interleukin-1β as well as cardiac and renal lipid peroxides ( malondialdehyde ) .
Meanwhile , serum levels of immunoglobulins , interleukins ( IL-10 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ heart and kidney tissues were significantly decreased in 5-FU group .
It also downregulated cardiac and renal Bcl2 , andupregulated cardiac troponin and renin gene expressions .
As well , histological alterations clarified that 5-FU induced cardiac cell damage , distorted renal corpuscles and tubules , inflammatory cell infiltrations , and severe congestion and hemorrhage in the blood vessels .
The treatment with fig and olive oil , especially the combined treatment , modulated the toxic effect of 5-FU on the heart and kidney .
Our results revealed that fig extract and EVOO @ @ @ @ @ @ @ effects against cardiac and renal toxicity induced by 5-FU , especially when using fig and EVOO together as a combined treatment .

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic drug, has adverse effects on heart and kidney functions. Ficus Carica (fig) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are natural sources which have antioxidant effects. This study investigated the synergistic effects of fig extract and EVOO against cardiac and renal damage induced by 5-FU. Forty rats were equally divided into five groups and treated with physiological saline (control), five intravenous injections of 5-FU (40 mg/kg b.w) (5-FU), fig (1 g/kg b.w/day, orally) with 5-FU (Fig/5-FU), EVOO (7 g/kg b.w/day, orally) with 5-FU (EVOO/5-FU), combined treatment of fig and EVOO with five 5-FU injections (Fig/EVOO/5-FU). After 30 days, blood and tissue samples (Heart and kidney) were collected to be used in the examinations. 5-FU significantly increased serum creatine kinase activity, renal biomarkers, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β as well as cardiac and renal lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde). Meanwhile, serum levels of immunoglobulins, interleukins (IL-10, IL-12), and antioxidants of heart and kidney tissues were significantly decreased in 5-FU group. It also downregulated cardiac and renal Bcl2, andupregulated cardiac troponin and renin gene expressions. As well, histological alterations clarified that 5-FU induced cardiac cell damage, distorted renal corpuscles and tubules, inflammatory cell infiltrations, and severe congestion and hemorrhage in the blood vessels. The treatment with fig and olive oil, especially the combined treatment, modulated the toxic effect of 5-FU on the heart and kidney. Our results revealed that fig extract and EVOO have a powerful antioxidant and many protective effects against cardiac and renal toxicity induced by 5-FU, especially when using fig and EVOO together as a combined treatment.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Nuciferine prevents bone loss by disrupting multinucleated osteoclast formation and promoting type H

Nuciferine prevents bone loss by disrupting multinucleated osteoclast formation and promoting type H vessel formation.

Recently , type H vessels were reported to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis during osteoclastogenesis , and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ( Trap ) preosteoclasts were found to secrete increased PDGF-BB to promote type H vessel formation .
Therefore , utilization of type H vessels may be a strategy to treat diseases involving bone loss .
In the present study , we found that nuciferine , a natural bioactive compound , has various effects , including inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and promoting type H vessel formation .
Nuciferine inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption but increased the relative number of Trappreosteoclasts .
Nuciferine restrained the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ promoted PDGF-BB production and potentiated related angiogenic activities by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in vitro .
We confirmed the bone-protective effects of nuciferine in ovariectomized mice and found that nuciferine treatment increased the PDGF-BB concentration and the number of type H vessels in the femur .
In conclusion , our results demonstrated that nuciferine can decrease multinucleated osteoclast formation and promote type H vessel formation through preservation of Trappreosteoclasts via inhibition of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and may be an excellent agent for the treatment of diseases involving @ @ @

Recently, type H vessels were reported to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis during osteoclastogenesis, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Trap)preosteoclasts were found to secrete increased PDGF-BB to promote type H vessel formation. Therefore, utilization of type H vessels may be a strategy to treat diseases involving bone loss. In the present study, we found that nuciferine, a natural bioactive compound, has various effects, including inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and promoting type H vessel formation. Nuciferine inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption but increased the relative number of Trappreosteoclasts. Nuciferine restrained the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and proteins, promoted PDGF-BB production and potentiated related angiogenic activities by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in vitro. We confirmed the bone-protective effects of nuciferine in ovariectomized mice and found that nuciferine treatment increased the PDGF-BB concentration and the number of type H vessels in the femur. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that nuciferine can decrease multinucleated osteoclast formation and promote type H vessel formation through preservation of Trappreosteoclasts via inhibition of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and may be an excellent agent for the treatment of diseases involving bone loss.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--This study demonstrated an amelioration of the metabolic disorders following nuciferine treatment in

This study demonstrated an amelioration of the metabolic disorders following nuciferine treatment in NAFLD.

Metabolomic analysis has been used to characterize the effects and mechanisms of drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) at the metabolic level .
Nuciferine is an active component derived fromand has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on a high-fat diet ( HFD ) induced hepatic steatosis model .
However , the effect of the altered metabolites of nuciferine on NAFLD has not yet been elucidated .
In this study , we established a NAFLD rat model using HFD and treated with nuciferine .
The lipid content levels , pro-inflammatory cytokines , and oxidative stress were investigated @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Additionally , the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of nuciferine on NAFLD were analyzed using untargeted metabolomics .
Gene expression of the key enzymes related to the changed metabolic pathways following nuciferine intervention was also investigated .
The results showed that nuciferine treatment significantly reduced the body weight , levels of lipids , and liver enzymes in the blood and improved the hepatic steatosis in the NAFLD rat model .
Nuciferine treatment also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) and decreased the levels of methane @ @ @ @ @ @ @ liver .
Nuciferine treatment decreased the serum levels of interleukin ( IL ) -6 , IL-1β , and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α ) and upregulated the gene expression of , , andin the liver .
Metabolomic analysis indicated a metabolism disorder in the NAFLD rat model reflected in a dysfunction of the glycerophospholipid , linoleic acid , alpha-linolenic acid , arginine and proline metabolism .
Conversely , treatment with nuciferine improved the metabolic disorder in the NAFLD rat model .
Nuciferine treatment also regulated the gene expression of key enzymes related to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathways in the liver .
In conclusion , our study demonstrated an amelioration of the metabolic disorders following nuciferine treatment in NAFLD rat model .
Our study contributes to the understanding of the effects and mechanisms of drugs for complex diseases using metabolomic analysis and experimental approaches .

Metabolomic analysis has been used to characterize the effects and mechanisms of drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) at the metabolic level. Nuciferine is an active component derived fromand has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on a high-fat diet (HFD) induced hepatic steatosis model. However, the effect of the altered metabolites of nuciferine on NAFLD has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we established a NAFLD rat model using HFD and treated with nuciferine. The lipid content levels, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress were investigated to access the therapeutic effects of nuciferine. Additionally, the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of nuciferine on NAFLD were analyzed using untargeted metabolomics. Gene expression of the key enzymes related to the changed metabolic pathways following nuciferine intervention was also investigated. The results showed that nuciferine treatment significantly reduced the body weight, levels of lipids, and liver enzymes in the blood and improved the hepatic steatosis in the NAFLD rat model. Nuciferine treatment also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased the levels of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) in the liver. Nuciferine treatment decreased the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and upregulated the gene expression of,, andin the liver. Metabolomic analysis indicated a metabolism disorder in the NAFLD rat model reflected in a dysfunction of the glycerophospholipid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arginine and proline metabolism. Conversely, treatment with nuciferine improved the metabolic disorder in the NAFLD rat model. Nuciferine treatment also regulated the gene expression of key enzymes related to the glycerophospholipid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathways in the liver. In conclusion, our study demonstrated an amelioration of the metabolic disorders following nuciferine treatment in NAFLD rat model. Our study contributes to the understanding of the effects and mechanisms of drugs for complex diseases using metabolomic analysis and experimental approaches.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Neferine sensitized Taxol-resistant nasopharygeal carcinoma to taxol.

Taxol resistance led to the poor survival prognosis in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) .
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) plays an important role in tumor chemoresistance .
Neferine ( NEF ) is found to sensitize the cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents , but its effects and mechanisms on NPC Taxol resistance is unclear .
In this study , we discovered that Taxol-resistant cell lines 5-8F/Taxol and CNE-1/Taxol had the greater ability to metastasis and the higher expression of EMT markers .
Then we found that NEF could inhibit the viability and EMT process in the Taxol-resistant cell lines @ @ @ @ @ @ @ could augment therapeutic efficacy of Taxol on NPC Taxol-resistant cell lines .
Further through Microarray based analysis , we found that miR-130b-5p was stably down-regulated after treating 5-8F/Taxol with NEF .
Later we verified that up-regulation of miR-130b-5p could not only promote the EMT-related migration/invasion , but also impair the inhibition effects of NEF on the EMT-associated metastatic ability and the chemotherapy resistance to Taxol .
In conclusion , our results firstly suggested that NEF may enhanced Taxol sensitivity in NPC Taxol-resistant cell lines through inhibition of EMT which mediated by miR-130b-5p downregulation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ may be used as a Taxol sensitizer in chemotherapy of NPC .

Taxol resistance led to the poor survival prognosis in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tumor chemoresistance. Neferine (NEF) is found to sensitize the cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents, but its effects and mechanisms on NPC Taxol resistance is unclear. In this study, we discovered that Taxol-resistant cell lines 5-8F/Taxol and CNE-1/Taxol had the greater ability to metastasis and the higher expression of EMT markers. Then we found that NEF could inhibit the viability and EMT process in the Taxol-resistant cell lines. Furthermore, we confirmed that NEF could augment therapeutic efficacy of Taxol on NPC Taxol-resistant cell lines. Further through Microarray based analysis, we found that miR-130b-5p was stably down-regulated after treating 5-8F/Taxol with NEF. Later we verified that up-regulation of miR-130b-5p could not only promote the EMT-related migration/invasion, but also impair the inhibition effects of NEF on the EMT-associated metastatic ability and the chemotherapy resistance to Taxol. In conclusion, our results firstly suggested that NEF may enhanced Taxol sensitivity in NPC Taxol-resistant cell lines through inhibition of EMT which mediated by miR-130b-5p downregulation in vitro and in vivo. NEF may be used as a Taxol sensitizer in chemotherapy of NPC.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Neferine alleviates neuropathic pain by downregulating the expression of P2X3 receptor.

Chronic neuropathic pain is caused by tissue damage or nervous system inflammation and is characterized by sensitivity to painful stimuli @ @ @ @ @ important role in facilitating pain transmission .
Neferine is a bisbenzylisoquinline alkaloid isolated from seed @ @ @ @ @ has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation pharmacological functions .
The present research investigated whether neferine relieves neuropathic @ @ @ @ @ receptor in rat dorsal root ganglia ( DRGs ) .
Chronic contraction injury ( CCI @ @ @ @ @ as a model for neuropathic pain .
The results indicated that the expression of P2X3 @ @ @ @ @ the DRGs of CCI rats and that mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were also enhanced @ @ @ @ @ markedly lowered the upregulated P2X3 receptor and interleukin-1beta , inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of @ @ @ @ @ CCI rats , and relieved neuropathic pain .
Therefore , neferine alleviates neuropathic pain by @ @ @ @ @ receptor .

Chronic neuropathic pain is caused by tissue damage or nervous system inflammation and is characterized by sensitivity to painful stimuli. P2X3 receptors play an important role in facilitating pain transmission. Neferine is a bisbenzylisoquinline alkaloid isolated from seed embryos of lotus, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation pharmacological functions. The present research investigated whether neferine relieves neuropathic pain related to the P2X3 receptor in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Chronic contraction injury (CCI) in rats was used as a model for neuropathic pain. The results indicated that the expression of P2X3 receptor was significantly increased in the DRGs of CCI rats and that mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were also enhanced in CCI rats. Neferine markedly lowered the upregulated P2X3 receptor and interleukin-1beta, inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2 in the DRGs of CCI rats, and relieved neuropathic pain. Therefore, neferine alleviates neuropathic pain by downregulating the expression of P2X3 receptor.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--The Effect of sacred lotus and its mixtures on phenolic profiles, antioxidant activities, and inhibi

The Effect of sacred lotus and its mixtures on phenolic profiles, antioxidant activities, and inhibitions of the key enzymes relevant to Alzheimer's disease.

Sacred lotus ( ) has long been used as a food source and ingredient for traditional herbal remedies .
Plant parts contain neuroprotective agents that interact with specific targets to inhibit Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) .
Organic solvents including methanol , ethyl acetate , hexane , and-butanol , are widely employed for extraction of sacred lotus but impact food safety .
Seed embryo , flower stalk , stamen , old leaf , petal , and leaf stalk of sacred lotus were extracted using hot water ( aqueous extraction ) .
The extractions were analyzed for their bioactive constituents @ @ @ @ @ @ @ enzyme inhibitory activities toward acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) , butyrylcholinesterase ( BChE ) , andβ-secretase 1 ( BACE-1 ) .
Results showed that the sacred lotus stamen exhibited significant amounts of phenolics , including phenolic acids and flavonoids , that contributed to high antioxidant activity via both single electron transfer ( SET ) and hydrogen atom transfer ( HAT ) mechanisms , with anti-AChE , anti-BChE , and anti-BACE-1 activities .
To enhance utilization of other sacred lotus parts , a combination of stamen , old leaf and petal as the three sacred @ @ @ @ @ @ @ contents , antioxidant activities , and enzyme inhibitory properties was analyzed .
Antagonist interaction was observed , possibly from flavonoids-flavonoids interaction .
Further in-depth elucidation of this issue is required .
Findings demonstrated that an aqueous extract of the stamen has potential for application as a functional food to mitigate the onset of Alzheimer 's disease .

Sacred lotus () has long been used as a food source and ingredient for traditional herbal remedies. Plant parts contain neuroprotective agents that interact with specific targets to inhibit Alzheimer's disease (AD). Organic solvents including methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and-butanol, are widely employed for extraction of sacred lotus but impact food safety. Seed embryo, flower stalk, stamen, old leaf, petal, and leaf stalk of sacred lotus were extracted using hot water (aqueous extraction). The extractions were analyzed for their bioactive constituents, antioxidant and anti-AD properties as key enzyme inhibitory activities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), andβ-secretase 1 (BACE-1). Results showed that the sacred lotus stamen exhibited significant amounts of phenolics, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, that contributed to high antioxidant activity via both single electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanisms, with anti-AChE,anti-BChE, and anti-BACE-1 activities. To enhance utilization of other sacred lotus parts, a combination of stamen, old leaf and petal as the three sacred lotus plant components with the highest phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, and enzyme inhibitory properties was analyzed. Antagonist interaction was observed, possibly from flavonoids-flavonoids interaction. Further in-depth elucidation of this issue is required. Findings demonstrated that an aqueous extract of the stamen has potential for application as a functional food to mitigate the onset of Alzheimer's disease.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Nuciferine inhibits skin cutaneous melanoma cell growth by suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signalling.

BACKGROUND : Melanoma causes more than 80 % of deaths from all dermatologic cancers .
Hence , screening and identifying @ @ @ @ @ growth of melanoma have crucial importance in basic and clinical treatment .
METHODS : High @ @ @ @ @ screen and identify compounds which have anti-melanoma ability .
Melanoma cell and mouse allograft models @ @ @ @ @ anti-tumor effects of Nuciferine ( NCFR ) .
Western blot , qPCR , and lentivirus @ @ @ @ @ the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway .
RESULTS : NCFR administration significantly suppressed melanoma cell @ @ @ @ @ inhibiting the phosphorylation of p65 .
NCFR treatment also could suppress TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB @ @ @ @ @ of NCFR might be mediated by targeting Toll-like receptors 4 .
CONCLUSION : NCFR inhibits @ @ @ @ @ tumor size , which provides a potential therapeutic strategies of melanoma treatment .

BACKGROUND: Melanoma causes more than 80% of deaths from all dermatologic cancers. Hence, screening and identifying effective compounds to inhibit the growth of melanoma have crucial importance in basic and clinical treatment.
METHODS: High throughput screening was performed to screen and identify compounds which have anti-melanoma ability. Melanoma cell and mouse allograft models was used to examine the anti-tumor effects of Nuciferine (NCFR). Western blot, qPCR, and lentivirus overexpression were applied to detect the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
RESULTS: NCFR administration significantly suppressed melanoma cell growth and tumor size by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p65. NCFR treatment also could suppress TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB signaling. The anti-tumor effect of NCFR might be mediated by targeting Toll-like receptors 4.
CONCLUSION: NCFR inhibits melanoma cell growth and suppresses tumor size, which provides a potential therapeutic strategies of melanoma treatment.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--A multiple-targets alkaloid nuciferine overcomes paclitaxel-induced drug resistance in vitro and in

A multiple-targets alkaloid nuciferine overcomes paclitaxel-induced drug resistance in vitro and in vivo.

OBJECTIVE : Multidrug resistance ( MDR ) is the major barrier to the successful treatment of chemotherapy .
Compounds from nature products working as MDR sensitizers provided new treatment strategies for chemo-resistant cancers patients .
METHODS : We investigated the reversal effects of nuciferine ( NF ) , an alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera and Nymphaea caerulea , on the paclitaxel ( PTX ) resistance ABCB1-overexpressing cancer in vitro and in vivo , and explored the underlying mechanism by evaluating drug sensitivity , cell cycle perturbations , intracellular accumulation , function and protein expression of efflux transporters as well as molecular @ @ @ @ @ @ @ development of MDR in cancer .
RESULTS : NF overcomes the resistance of chemotherapeutic agents included PTX , doxorubicin ( DOX ) , docetaxel , and daunorubicin to HCT-8/T and A549/T cancer cells .
Notably , NF suppressed the colony formation of MDR cells in vitro and the tumor growth in A549/T xenograft mice in vivo , which demonstrated a very strong synergetic cytotoxic effect between NF and PTX as combination index ( CI ) ( CI < 0.1 ) indicated .
Furthermore , NF increased the intracellular accumulation of P-gp substrates included @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and inhibited verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity .
Mechanistically , inhibition of PI3K/AKT/ERK pathways by NF suppressed the activation of Nrf2 and HIF-1α , and further reduced the expression of P-gp and BCRP , contributing to the sensitizing effects of NF against MDR in cancer .
CONCLUSION : This novel finding provides a promising treatment strategy for overcoming MDR and improving the efficiency of chemotherapy by using a multiple-targets MDR sensitizer NF .

OBJECTIVE: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major barrier to the successful treatment of chemotherapy. Compounds from nature products working as MDR sensitizers provided new treatment strategies for chemo-resistant cancers patients.
METHODS: We investigated the reversal effects of nuciferine (NF), an alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera and Nymphaea caerulea, on the paclitaxel (PTX) resistance ABCB1-overexpressing cancer in vitro and in vivo, and explored the underlying mechanism by evaluating drug sensitivity, cell cycle perturbations, intracellular accumulation, function and protein expression of efflux transporters as well as molecular signaling involved in governing transporters expression and development of MDR in cancer.
RESULTS: NF overcomes the resistance of chemotherapeutic agents included PTX, doxorubicin (DOX), docetaxel, and daunorubicin to HCT-8/T and A549/T cancer cells. Notably, NF suppressed the colony formation of MDR cells in vitro and the tumor growth in A549/T xenograft mice in vivo, which demonstrated a very strong synergetic cytotoxic effect between NF and PTX as combination index (CI) (CI<0.1) indicated. Furthermore, NF increased the intracellular accumulation of P-gp substrates included DOX and Rho123 in the MDR cells and inhibited verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity. Mechanistically, inhibition of PI3K/AKT/ERK pathways by NF suppressed the activation of Nrf2 and HIF-1α, and further reduced the expression of P-gp and BCRP, contributing to the sensitizing effects of NF against MDR in cancer.
CONCLUSION: This novel finding provides a promising treatment strategy for overcoming MDR and improving the efficiency of chemotherapy by using a multiple-targets MDR sensitizer NF.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Plumula nelumbinis: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and

Plumula nelumbinis: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and safety.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Plumula Nelumbinis , the green embryo of the mature seeds of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn , has a medical history of over 400 years .
It is widely used for clearing the heart and heat , calming the mind , and promoting astringent essence and hemostasis in traditional Chinese medicine .
Moreover , it usually dual use as food and medicine .
This review aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Plumula Nelumbinis by summarizing its botany , traditional uses , phytochemistry , pharmacology , pharmacokinetics and safety .
METHODS : This review summarized published studies on Plumula @ @ @ @ @ @ @ databases including PubMed , Web of Science , Baidu Scholar , Wiley and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database ( CNKI ) , and limits the different research articles in botany , traditional uses , phytochemistry , pharmacology , pharmacokinetics and safety about Plumula Nelumbinis .
RESULTS : Plumula Nelumbinis is used to treat hypertension , arrhythmia , severe aplastic anemia , insomnia , encephalopathy and gynecological disease in traditional Chinese medicine and clinical studies .
More than 130 chemicals have been isolated and identified from Plumula Nelumbinis , including alkaloids , flavonoids , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , pharmacological effects , such as protective effects against cardiovascular diseases , neurological diseases , lung and kidney injury , anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities , were also evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies .
Moreover , the potential signaling pathways regulated by Plumula Nelumbinis in cardiovascular and neurological diseases and perspectives on Plumula Nelumbinis research were discussed .
CONCLUSION : Plumula Nelumbinis , a commonly used Chinese medicine , has a variety of traditional and modern therapeutic uses .
Some traditional uses , especially the treatment of cardiovascular and neurological diseases @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
However , the pharmacological molecular mechanisms , pharmacokinetics and toxicology of Plumula Nelumbinis are still incomplete .
In the future , a series of systematic studies on active compounds identification , pharmacological mechanism clarification , quality and safety evaluation are necessary .

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Plumula Nelumbinis, the green embryo of the mature seeds of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has a medical history of over 400 years. It is widely used for clearing the heart and heat, calming the mind, and promoting astringent essence and hemostasis in traditional Chinese medicine. Moreover, it usually dual use as food and medicine. This review aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Plumula Nelumbinis by summarizing its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and safety.
METHODS: This review summarized published studies on Plumula Nelumbinis in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and literature databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, Wiley and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), and limits the different research articles in botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and safety about Plumula Nelumbinis.
RESULTS: Plumula Nelumbinis is used to treat hypertension, arrhythmia, severe aplastic anemia, insomnia, encephalopathy and gynecological disease in traditional Chinese medicine and clinical studies. More than 130 chemicals have been isolated and identified from Plumula Nelumbinis, including alkaloids, flavonoids, polysaccharides and volatile oil. In addition, pharmacological effects, such as protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, lung and kidney injury, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, were also evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, the potential signaling pathways regulated by Plumula Nelumbinis in cardiovascular and neurological diseases and perspectives on Plumula Nelumbinis research were discussed.
CONCLUSION: Plumula Nelumbinis, a commonly used Chinese medicine, has a variety of traditional and modern therapeutic uses. Some traditional uses, especially the treatment of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, have been verified by pharmacological investigation. However, the pharmacological molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of Plumula Nelumbinis are still incomplete. In the future, a series of systematic studies on active compounds identification, pharmacological mechanism clarification, quality and safety evaluation are necessary.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Inhibition of neutrophil functions and antibacterial effects of tarragon.

The aim of the study was to characterize phytochemicals in an infusion of the aerial parts of tarragonL . )
@ @ @ @ @ array detector electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS method , as well as an evaluation @ @ @ @ @ of the inflammation in anmodel of human neutrophils , and antimicrobial activity on selected pathogens @ @ @ @ @ were the main phenolic components of the extract of tarragon 's aerial parts .
The @ @ @ @ @ reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , interleukin 8 ( IL-8 ) , and tumour @ @ @ @ @ production .
The antimicrobial assay was performed with the use of nine strains of bacteria @ @ @ @ @ .
Three human pathogens , ATCC6538 , ATCC14990 , andMRSA ( methicyllin-resistant ) ATCC43300 , @ @ @ @ @ sensitive to tarragon infusion .
Our study demonstrated the antiinflammatory and antimicrobial properties of tarragonL @ @ @ @ @ common spice may be a prospective source of health-promoting constituents .

The aim of the study was to characterize phytochemicals in an infusion of the aerial parts of tarragonL.) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS method, as well as an evaluation of its effects on mediators of the inflammation in anmodel of human neutrophils, and antimicrobial activity on selected pathogens. Flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acids were the main phenolic components of the extract of tarragon's aerial parts. The infusion was able to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factorα (TNF-) production. The antimicrobial assay was performed with the use of nine strains of bacteria, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive. Three human pathogens,ATCC6538,ATCC14990, andMRSA (methicyllin-resistant) ATCC43300, proved to be the most sensitive to tarragon infusion. Our study demonstrated the antiinflammatory and antimicrobial properties of tarragonL.), meaning the common spice may be a prospective source of health-promoting constituents.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Modulation of reproductive dysfunctions associated with streptozocin-induced diabetes by Artemisia j

Modulation of reproductive dysfunctions associated with streptozocin-induced diabetes by Artemisia judaica extract.

We investigated the palliative effect of Artemisia judaica extract ( AjE ) on testicular deterioration induced by DM in high-fat @ @ @ @ @ rats .
Forty rats were allocated to the following five groups : control , AjE @ @ @ @ @ and HFD/STZ-metformin .
HFD/STZ-diabetic rats showed a marked decrease in testicular weight and male sex @ @ @ @ @ suppression of testicular antioxidant enzymes and glutathione content in HFD/STZ-diabetic rats .
However , rats @ @ @ @ @ injection and the high-fat diet displayed increased malondialdehyde content and nitric oxide levels as well @ @ @ @ @ High levels of Bax and low levels of Bcl-2 were detected after the STZ injection @ @ @ @ @ found in the testicular tissue of the HFD/STZ-diabetic rats .
Thus , the administration of @ @ @ @ @ molecular , and histopathological changes in the testes of the diabetic rats .
The obtained @ @ @ @ @ attenuated the diabetes-induced reprotoxicity in male rats via its antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , and antiapoptotic @ @

We investigated the palliative effect of Artemisia judaica extract (AjE) on testicular deterioration induced by DM in high-fat diet/streptozocin (HFD/STZ)-injected rats. Forty rats were allocated to the following five groups: control, AjE, HFD/STZ, HFD/STZ-AjE, and HFD/STZ-metformin. HFD/STZ-diabetic rats showed a marked decrease in testicular weight and male sex hormones. There was significant suppression of testicular antioxidant enzymes and glutathione content in HFD/STZ-diabetic rats. However, rats that had received the STZ injection and the high-fat diet displayed increased malondialdehyde content and nitric oxide levels as well as tumour necrosis factor-alpha. High levels of Bax and low levels of Bcl-2 were detected after the STZ injection. Obvious pathological alterations were found in the testicular tissue of the HFD/STZ-diabetic rats. Thus, the administration of AjE attenuated the biochemical, molecular, and histopathological changes in the testes of the diabetic rats. The obtained findings showed that AjE treatment attenuated the diabetes-induced reprotoxicity in male rats via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Apoptotic effect of jaceosidin on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells through modulation of ERK and p38

Apoptotic effect of jaceosidin on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells through modulation of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways.

This website is for information purposes only .
By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing , treating @ @ @ @ @ or preventing any type of disease or medical condition .
Before beginning any type of @ @ @ @ @ treatment regimen , it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional @

Jaceosidin a flavone abundant in Artemisia species has been used for its beneficial effects. This study investigated the apoptotic effect of jaceosidin treatment on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells at varying concentrations of (0, 10, 20 and 40 µM) for 24 and 48 h treatment times. Jaceosidin treatment induced a significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent increase in apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Jaceosidin similarly modulated the expressions of apoptosis-associated proteins, and revealing a coaction between Bax and Bcl-2, striking a balance between cell survival/cell deaths. Besides, a significant increase in pro-apoptotic expression of cleaved PARP which is a key executioner in apoptosis was observed. Apoptosis was confirmed in the cells by flow cytometry which indicated an early apoptosis (7%, 17%), as well as late apoptosis (36%, 40%) of the cells in varying percentages as treatment concentration increased. Thus, this study demonstrates that jaceosidin could be used as a potential treatment for breast cancer.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of different extracts of Artemisia turanica Krasch. on K562 and HL-6

Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of different extracts of Artemisia turanica Krasch. on K562 and HL-60 cell lines

Artemisia is an important genus of Iranian flora .
Cytotoxic activities for some species of the genus have already been reported .
In this study , we have investigated the cytotoxic effects of n-hexane , CH2Cl2 , EtOAc , EtOH , and EtOH/H2O ( 1:1 ) extracts of A. turanica Krasch .
on two human leukemic cancer cell lines ( K562 and HL-60 ) and J774 as normal cells using alamarBlue ( resazurin ) assay .
PI staining of the fragmented DNA and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the possible apoptotic effect of the extract .
The CH2Cl2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ antiproliferative effect on cancer cells among all tested extracts with IC50 values of 69 and 104μ g/mL on K562 and HL-60 cells , respectively , whereas the normal cells were not affected significantly by this extract .
Sub-G1 peak in the flow cytometry histogram of the cells treated with CH2Cl2 extract of A. turanica and cleavage of PARP protein confirmed the induction of apoptosis with CH2Cl2 extract .
Taken together , the findings of the present work suggest the anticancer potential of CH2Cl2 extract of A. turanica on human leukemic cancer cell lines @

Artemisia is an important genus of Iranian flora. Cytotoxic activities for some species of the genus have already been reported. In this study, we have investigated the cytotoxic effects of n-hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, EtOH, and EtOH/H2O (1:1) extracts of A. turanica Krasch. on two human leukemic cancer cell lines (K562 and HL-60) and J774 as normal cells using alamarBlue (resazurin) assay. PI staining of the fragmented DNA and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the possible apoptotic effect of the extract. The CH2Cl2 extract of A. turanica showed the most antiproliferative effect on cancer cells among all tested extracts with IC50 values of 69 and 104μ g/mL on K562 and HL-60 cells, respectively, whereas the normal cells were not affected significantly by this extract. Sub-G1 peak in the flow cytometry histogram of the cells treated with CH2Cl2 extract of A. turanica and cleavage of PARP protein confirmed the induction of apoptosis with CH2Cl2 extract. Taken together, the findings of the present work suggest the anticancer potential of CH2Cl2 extract of A. turanica on human leukemic cancer cell lines.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Artemisia turanica and Artemisia turcomanica extracts were found to potentially exert neuroprotectiv

Artemisia turanica and Artemisia turcomanica extracts were found to potentially exert neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells.

Background : Oxidative stress causes cell damage and is involved in many neurological diseases .
The antioxidant properties of plant materials for the maintenance of health and protecting against different diseases stimulated scientist to investigate different herbs .
Differentspecies have exhibited antioxidant activity .
This study aims to investigate whether differentspecies could protect the PC12 cells against oxidative stress mediated by HO .
Methods : For this purpose , different extracts of threespecies ( , , and ) were prepared using petroleum ether , dichloromethane , ethyl acetate , ethanol , and Water : Ethanol mixture ( 1:1 volume ratio @ @ @ @ @ @ @ prepared extracts against HO-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production were compared .
The effect of treatment of PC12 cells with different extracts on total glutathione ( GSH ) level , caspase-3 activity , and mitochondrial membrane potential were also compared .
Results : Theextracts could not rescue the PC12 cells from oxidative stress consequences .
Theandextracts were found potent in suppressing the toxicity and apoptosis of PC12 cells mediated by HOand significantly antagonized the HO-induced GSH depletion .
The hydroethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts ofand the petroleum ether and hydroethanolic extracts ofmore @ @ @ @ @ @ @ caused by HO .
Conclusion : This study shows the protective effects ofextracts on PC12 cell line and suggested that these species could be also considered as promising neuroprotective agents in treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases .
SUMMARY : andextracts were found to potentially exert neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells .
The results exhibited that the cytoprotective potential and anti-apoptotic mechanism of these species is not the same for different extracts , and suggested that based on the type of species and the type of solvents used in extraction , both intrinsic and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ anti-apoptotic mechanism of these species.GSH : Glutathion .
ROS : Reactive Oxygen Species .
GSSG : Glutathione disulfide .
DCF-DA:2',7'-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate .
FBS : Fetal Bovin Serum .
MMP : Mitochondrial Membrane Potential .
H-Et : Hydro-ethanolic .
DCM : Dichloromethane .
PE : Petroleum Ether .
Et : Etanolic .
EA : Ethyl Acetate .

Background: Oxidative stress causes cell damage and is involved in many neurological diseases. The antioxidant properties of plant materials for the maintenance of health and protecting against different diseases stimulated scientist to investigate different herbs. Differentspecies have exhibited antioxidant activity. This study aims to investigate whether differentspecies could protect the PC12 cells against oxidative stress mediated by HO.
Methods: For this purpose, different extracts of threespecies (,, and) were prepared using petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and Water: Ethanol mixture (1:1 volume ratio). The protective effect of the prepared extracts against HO-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production were compared. The effect of treatment of PC12 cells with different extracts on total glutathione (GSH) level, caspase-3 activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential were also compared.
Results: Theextracts could not rescue the PC12 cells from oxidative stress consequences. Theandextracts were found potent in suppressing the toxicity and apoptosis of PC12 cells mediated by HOand significantly antagonized the HO-induced GSH depletion. The hydroethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts ofand the petroleum ether and hydroethanolic extracts ofmore efficiently suppressed cytotoxicity and loss of GSH caused by HO.
Conclusion: This study shows the protective effects ofextracts on PC12 cell line and suggested that these species could be also considered as promising neuroprotective agents in treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases.
SUMMARY: andextracts were found to potentially exert neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells. The results exhibited that the cytoprotective potential and anti-apoptotic mechanism of these species is not the same for different extracts, and suggested that based on the type of species and the type of solvents used in extraction, both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways could be included in the anti-apoptotic mechanism of these species.GSH: Glutathion. ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species. GSSG: Glutathione disulfide. DCF-DA:2',7'-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate. FBS: Fetal Bovin Serum. MMP: Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. H-Et: Hydro-ethanolic. DCM: Dichloromethane. PE: Petroleum Ether. Et: Etanolic. EA: Ethyl Acetate.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Artemisia turanica could have a protective role in diabetes-induced complications.

Objectives : Oxidative stress plays a central role in diabetes-induced complications .
In the present study , the protevtive effect ofwas evaluated against diabetes-induced liver oxidative stress and dysfunction .
Methods : Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups : control , diabetic , diabetic + metformin , diabetic +extract , and diabetic +extract + metformin .
Experimental diabetes was induced by a single-dose ( 55 mg/kg , intraperitoneally ( ip ) ) injection of streptozotocin ( STZ ) .
Metformin ( 300 mg/kg ) andextract ( 70 mg/kg ) were orally administrated three days after STZ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , total thiol content and superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and catalase activities were measured in the liver tissue .
Serum glucose concentration , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) activities were also determined .
Results : In the diabetic group , serum glucose concentration , serum AST and ALT activities and liver MDA level were significantly higher while tissue total thiol content as well as catalase and SOD activities were lower , compared to the control group .
Serum glucose in diabetic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ significant decrease compared with the diabetic group .
In all theextract and metformin treated groups , serum ALT , tissue MDA level , total thiol content and SOD activity significantly improved compared with the diabetic rats .
However , treatment of the diabetic rats only with metformin could not significantly change the activities of catalase and AST compared with the diabetic group .
Conclusion : These findings suggested thatextract had a therapeutic effect on liver dysfuncyion and oxidative stress induced by diabetes , that may be probably due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory @ @

Objectives: Oxidative stress plays a central role in diabetes-induced complications. In the present study, the protevtive effect ofwas evaluated against diabetes-induced liver oxidative stress and dysfunction.
Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, diabetic, diabetic + metformin, diabetic +extract, and diabetic +extract + metformin. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single-dose (55 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (ip)) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Metformin (300 mg/kg) andextract (70 mg/kg) were orally administrated three days after STZ injection for four weeks. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were measured in the liver tissue. Serum glucose concentration, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were also determined.
Results: In the diabetic group, serum glucose concentration, serum AST and ALT activities and liver MDA level were significantly higher while tissue total thiol content as well as catalase and SOD activities were lower, compared to the control group. Serum glucose in diabetic rats treated with metformin +extract showed a significant decrease compared with the diabetic group. In all theextract and metformin treated groups, serum ALT, tissue MDA level, total thiol content and SOD activity significantly improved compared with the diabetic rats. However, treatment of the diabetic rats only with metformin could not significantly change the activities of catalase and AST compared with the diabetic group.
Conclusion: These findings suggested thatextract had a therapeutic effect on liver dysfuncyion and oxidative stress induced by diabetes, that may be probably due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Artemisia turanica extract has therapeutic effects on renal oxidative damage and lipid profile in di

Artemisia turanica extract has therapeutic effects on renal oxidative damage and lipid profile in diabetes.

Objective : The aim of the current study was to investigate the protective effect of ( AT ) against diabetes- induced renal oxidative stress in rats .
Materials and Methods : Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups : control , STZ-induced diabetic rats , diabetic rats+ metformin , diabetic rats + AT extract , diabetic rats+ metformin+ AT extract .
In the present study , diabetes was induced by a single-dose ( 55 mg/kg , ip ) injection of streptozotocin ( STZ ) .
Diabetic rats were daily treated with metformin ( 300 mg/kg ) , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ metformin+ AT extract for 4 consecutive weeks .
Tissue activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and catalase and the levels of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) and total thiol content were measured in kidney tissue .
Serum concentrations of glucose , creatinine , and urea , as well as , lipid profile were also measured .
Results : STZ significantly increased the levels of glucose , triglyceride , urea and MDA compared to the control group .
Total thiol content , as well as , catalase and SOD activities showed significant decreases in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ animals .
Serum glucose , triglyceride , cholesterol and renal MDA showed a significant decrease and renal total thiol and the activities of antioxidant enzymes showed significant increases in AT+STZ group compared with the diabetic group .
In diabetic rats received AT+ metformin , serum LDL and HDL , renal MDA and SOD and catalase activities significantly improved compared with the diabetic rats .
Conclusion : These findings suggested that AT extract has therapeutic effects on renal oxidative damage and lipid profile in diabetes , that possibly may be due to its antioxidant @ @ @ @

Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the protective effect of(AT) against diabetes- induced renal oxidative stress in rats.
Materials and Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, STZ-induced diabetic rats, diabetic rats+ metformin, diabetic rats + AT extract, diabetic rats+ metformin+ AT extract. In the present study, diabetes was induced by a single-dose (55 mg/kg, ip) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic rats were daily treated with metformin (300 mg/kg), AT extract (70 mg/kg) and metformin+ AT extract for 4 consecutive weeks. Tissue activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol content were measured in kidney tissue. Serum concentrations of glucose, creatinine, and urea, as well as, lipid profile were also measured.
Results: STZ significantly increased the levels of glucose, triglyceride, urea and MDA compared to the control group. Total thiol content, as well as, catalase and SOD activities showed significant decreases in diabetic group when compared with the control animals. Serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and renal MDA showed a significant decrease and renal total thiol and the activities of antioxidant enzymes showed significant increases in AT+STZ group compared with the diabetic group. In diabetic rats received AT+ metformin, serum LDL and HDL, renal MDA and SOD and catalase activities significantly improved compared with the diabetic rats.
Conclusion: These findings suggested that AT extract has therapeutic effects on renal oxidative damage and lipid profile in diabetes, that possibly may be due to its antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Development of a solid formulation containing a microemulsion of a novel Artemisia extract with nema

Development of a solid formulation containing a microemulsion of a novel Artemisia extract with nematocidal activity for oral administration.

BACKGROUND : Intestinal nematode infections are usually treated with benzimidazole drugs , but the emergence of resistance to these drugs has led to an increasing demand of new anthelmintic strategies .
A new microemulsion formulation ( ME ) consisting of anextract with proven nematocidal efficacy was previously developed .
The aim of our study is to implement a D-optimal mixture design methodology to increase the amount of a silica material ( loaded with this ME ) in a tablet formulation , considering its tensile strength and disintegration time .
METHODS : 16 experiments or combinations of the 6 tablet components @ @ @ @ @ @ @ polyvinylpyrrolidone , croscarmellose , Syloid244 FP and magnesium stearate ) were assessed .
Tensile strength and disintegration time models were developed , and an optimization process was carried out .
RESULTS : Tensile strength was improved by increasing the polyvinylpyrrolidone content , while croscarmellose decreased the disintegration time .
The optimized powder mixture contains 49.7 % /of the loaded silica material .
A compression force of 12 kN was applied to the powder mixture to form tablets with a tensile strength of 2.0 MPa and a disintegration time of 3.8 min .
CONCLUSIONS @ @ @ @ @ @ @ designs provide a promising approach to formulate liquid-loaded silica materials .

BACKGROUND: Intestinal nematode infections are usually treated with benzimidazole drugs, but the emergence of resistance to these drugs has led to an increasing demand of new anthelmintic strategies. A new microemulsion formulation (ME) consisting of anextract with proven nematocidal efficacy was previously developed. The aim of our study is to implement a D-optimal mixture design methodology to increase the amount of a silica material (loaded with this ME) in a tablet formulation, considering its tensile strength and disintegration time.
METHODS: 16 experiments or combinations of the 6 tablet components (loaded silica, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, croscarmellose, Syloid244 FP and magnesium stearate) were assessed. Tensile strength and disintegration time models were developed, and an optimization process was carried out.
RESULTS: Tensile strength was improved by increasing the polyvinylpyrrolidone content, while croscarmellose decreased the disintegration time. The optimized powder mixture contains 49.7%/of the loaded silica material. A compression force of 12 kN was applied to the powder mixture to form tablets with a tensile strength of 2.0 MPa and a disintegration time of 3.8 min.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that D-optimal mixture designs provide a promising approach to formulate liquid-loaded silica materials.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Cytotoxic potential of Artemisia absinthium extract loaded polymeric nanoparticles against breast ca

Cytotoxic potential of Artemisia absinthium extract loaded polymeric nanoparticles against breast cancer cells.

Targeted drug delivery system in the form of herbal based nano-formulations is the new ray of hope for minimizing the side effects related to the anti-cancer drugs as well as conventional drug delivery system .
In view of this , the present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of A. absinthium extract loaded polymeric nanoparticles ( NVA-AA ) against the breast cancer cell lines ( MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 ) and to identify the protein targets for the caused cytotoxicity .
The polymeric nanoparticles ( PNPs ) were prepared by free radical mechanism and loaded with the whole @ @ @ @ @ @ @ NVA-AA were evaluated on the breast cancer cell lines via different cytotoxic parameters viz .
MTT assay , CFSE proliferation assay , apoptosis assay , cell cycle study .
The protein targets and the interaction among them were identified by nano-LCMS/MS analysis and STRING online tool respectively , which were further validated by qPCR and BLI .
The LCMS/MS analysis suggests that the caused cytotoxicity was due to the alteration of proteins involved in vesicular trafficking , apoptosis , proliferation and metastasis .
Further , interactome analysis identified UBA52 in MCF-7 and TIAL1 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the central molecule in the vesicular trafficking and apoptosis networking connection .

Targeted drug delivery system in the form of herbal based nano-formulations is the new ray of hope for minimizing the side effects related to the anti-cancer drugs as well as conventional drug delivery system. In view of this, the present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of A. absinthium extract loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NVA-AA) against the breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA MB-231) and to identify the protein targets for the caused cytotoxicity. The polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) were prepared by free radical mechanism and loaded with the whole plant extract. The cytotoxicity of these NVA-AA were evaluated on the breast cancer cell lines via different cytotoxic parameters viz. MTT assay, CFSE proliferation assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle study. The protein targets and the interaction among them were identified by nano-LCMS/MS analysis and STRING online tool respectively, which were further validated by qPCR and BLI. The LCMS/MS analysis suggests that the caused cytotoxicity was due to the alteration of proteins involved in vesicular trafficking, apoptosis, proliferation and metastasis. Further, interactome analysis identified UBA52 in MCF-7 and TIAL1, PPP1CC in MDA MB-231 cells as the central molecule in the vesicular trafficking and apoptosis networking connection.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--The study suggested that novel anticancer, antibacterial and immune modulatory molecules can be deve

The study suggested that novel anticancer, antibacterial and immune modulatory molecules can be developed from the leaves of Artemisia absinthium.

BACKGROUND : Artemisia absinthium L is an ornamental plant widespread in Saudi Arabia .
Traditionally the plant has been used in the Arabic system of medicine .
But the scientific evidence of the bioactive compounds and their medicinal value was not yet explored widely .
OBJECTIVE : The study was designed to analyse the bioactive principles and medicinal properties of Artemisia absinthium L a traditional herb of the southern part of Saudi Arabia .
METHOD : The bioactive compounds present in hot methanolic extract of the leaves ( HMEL ) of Artemisia absinthium L. was explored by GC-MS study .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ against MCF-7 breast cancer cells ATCC and human colon cancer cells HCT 116 ATCC by performing MTT assay .
Morphological changes of HMEL treated MCF-7 were observed under a phase-contrast microscope by staining the cells with neutral red .
A reaction mixture ( RM ) of HMEL was prepared in Milli-Q water and antibacterial susceptibility was performed against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria .
Furthermore , In vivo wound healing properties of the RM was screened in male rats and their efficacy was compared with standard povidone iodine cream .
Biomarkers such as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels were determined to qualify the wound healing property .
RESULTS : Epiyangambin , flavone , octadecanoic acid , 2,3- dihydroxypropyl ester , palmitic acidβ-monoglyceride , á-Dmannofuranoside , camphor , and terpineol were identified as possible compounds through GC-MS analysis .
The HMEL of Artemisia absinthium L was actively inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells MCF-7 ATCC at the concentration of 80.96 ± 3.94 µg/ml as IC50 value but failed to inhibit the proliferation against the treated human colon cancer cells HCT 116 cells ATCC .
HMEL of Artemisia @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of antibacterial effect against the screened bacteria .
RM showed better wound healing property than standard povidone iodine cream that modulates cytokine networks and apoptosis markers levels indicated the healing of wound .
CONCLUSION : The study suggested that novel anticancer , antibacterial and immune modulatory molecules can be developed from the leaves of Artemisia absinthium L .

BACKGROUND: Artemisia absinthium L is an ornamental plant widespread in Saudi Arabia. Traditionally the plant has been used in the Arabic system of medicine. But the scientific evidence of the bioactive compounds and their medicinal value was not yet explored widely.
OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to analyse the bioactive principles and medicinal properties of Artemisia absinthium L a traditional herb of the southern part of Saudi Arabia.
METHOD: The bioactive compounds present in hot methanolic extract of the leaves (HMEL) of Artemisia absinthium L. was explored by GC-MS study. The cytotoxicity effect of HMEL was determined against MCF-7 breast cancer cells ATCC and human colon cancer cells HCT 116 ATCC by performing MTT assay. Morphological changes of HMEL treated MCF-7 were observed under a phase-contrast microscope by staining the cells with neutral red. A reaction mixture (RM) of HMEL was prepared in Milli-Q water and antibacterial susceptibility was performed against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, In vivo wound healing properties of the RM was screened in male rats and their efficacy was compared with standard povidone iodine cream. Biomarkers such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF- α, caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels were determined to qualify the wound healing property.
RESULTS: Epiyangambin, flavone, octadecanoic acid, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl ester, palmitic acidβ-monoglyceride, á-Dmannofuranoside, camphor, and terpineol were identified as possible compounds through GC-MS analysis. The HMEL of Artemisia absinthium L was actively inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells MCF-7 ATCC at the concentration of 80.96 ± 3.94 µg/ml as IC50 value but failed to inhibit the proliferation against the treated human colon cancer cells HCT 116 cells ATCC. HMEL of Artemisia absinthium L was showing a moderate spectrum of antibacterial effect against the screened bacteria. RM showed better wound healing property than standard povidone iodine cream that modulates cytokine networks and apoptosis markers levels indicated the healing of wound.
CONCLUSION: The study suggested that novel anticancer, antibacterial and immune modulatory molecules can be developed from the leaves of Artemisia absinthium L.


greenmedinfo--2020-10-07--Significance of common mugwort in the history of medicine and its possible contemporary applications

Significance of common mugwort in the history of medicine and its possible contemporary applications.

L. ( common mugwort ) is a species with great importance in the history of medicine and was called the '' mother of herbs '' in the Middle Ages .
It is a common herbaceous plant that exhibits high morphological and phytochemical variability depending on the location where it occurs .
This species is well known almost all over the world .
Its herb -- is used as a raw material due to the presence of essential oil , flavonoids , and sesquiterpenoids lactones and their associated biological activities .
The European Pharmacopoeia has listed this species as a potential @ @ @ @ @ @ @ species has been used in traditional Chinese , Hindu , and European medicine to regulate the functioning of the gastrointestinal system and treat various gynecological diseases .
The general aim of this review was to analyze the progress of phytochemical and pharmacological as well as professional scientific studies focusing on .
Thus far , numerous authors have confirmed the beneficial properties ofherb extracts , including their antioxidant , hepatoprotective , antispasmolytic , antinociceptive , estrogenic , cytotoxic , antibacterial , and antifungal effects .
In addition , several works have reviewed the use @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cosmetics and its role as a valuable spice in the food industry .
Furthermore , biotechnological micropropagation ofhas been analyzed .

L. (common mugwort) is a species with great importance in the history of medicine and was called the"mother of herbs"in the Middle Ages. It is a common herbaceous plant that exhibits high morphological and phytochemical variability depending on the location where it occurs. This species is well known almost all over the world. Its herb--is used as a raw material due to the presence of essential oil, flavonoids, and sesquiterpenoids lactones and their associated biological activities. The European Pharmacopoeia has listed this species as a potential homeopathic raw material. Moreover, this species has been used in traditional Chinese, Hindu, and European medicine to regulate the functioning of the gastrointestinal system and treat various gynecological diseases. The general aim of this review was to analyze the progress of phytochemical and pharmacological as well as professional scientific studies focusing on. Thus far, numerous authors have confirmed the beneficial properties ofherb extracts, including their antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antispasmolytic, antinociceptive, estrogenic, cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. In addition, several works have reviewed the use of this species in the production of cosmetics and its role as a valuable spice in the food industry. Furthermore, biotechnological micropropagation ofhas been analyzed.