greenmedinfo--2020-12-23--In vitro antibacterial activity of honey against multidrug-resistant Shigella sonnei.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE : The health benefits of honey as an oral therapeutic agent for the treatment of diarrhoea caused by Shigella sonnei depend on the ability of honey to withstand human gastrointestinal conditions .
This study aimed to investigate whether honey could withstand and inhibit the growth of Shigella sonnei under such conditions .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : We initially evaluated the survival of Shigella sonnei in human simulated gastric conditions ( SGC ) and simulated intestinal conditions ( SIC ) .
This was followed by determination of the susceptibility of Shigella sonnei to Manuka and Talah honey under @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( CFU ) of Shigella sonnei and minimum inhibitory concentrations ( MICs ) of honey were calculated .
RESULTS : Shigella sonnei was unable to survive in the acidic environment of the stomach without food matrix and survived only when inoculated with a food source , resulting in 1.5 × 10± 0.2 CFU at 60 min and 1.7 × 10± 0.3 CFU after 120 min of incubation .
In SIC , it survived both with and without food matrix at the same CFU ( 1.2 × 10±0.4 ) at 60 min and 1.7 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ incubation .
Growth of Shigella sonnei was not observed in SGC in the presence of either honey at different concentrations without a food source .
In the presence of a food source , Manuka honey inhibited the growth of Shigella sonnei at 10 % v/v and Talah honey at 20 % v/v dilutions in SGC .
In SIC , Manuka honey inhibited the growth of Shigella sonnei at 15 % and 20 % v/v dilutions , whereas Talah honey inhibited Shigella sonnei at 20 % and 25 % v/v dilutions without and with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Shigella sonnei can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach if inoculated with a food source .
Acidic pH and pepsin had no deleterious effects on the antibacterial capability of honey .
However , bile reduced the antibacterial activity of honey in the intestinal environment .

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The health benefits of honey as an oral therapeutic agent for the treatment of diarrhoea caused by Shigella sonnei depend on the ability of honey to withstand human gastrointestinal conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether honey could withstand and inhibit the growth of Shigella sonnei under such conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We initially evaluated the survival of Shigella sonnei in human simulated gastric conditions (SGC) and simulated intestinal conditions (SIC). This was followed by determination of the susceptibility of Shigella sonnei to Manuka and Talah honey under gastrointestinal conditions. The colony forming units (CFU) of Shigella sonnei and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of honey were calculated.
RESULTS: Shigella sonnei was unable to survive in the acidic environment of the stomach without food matrix and survived only when inoculated with a food source, resulting in 1.5 × 10± 0.2 CFU at 60 min and 1.7 × 10± 0.3 CFU after 120 min of incubation. In SIC, it survived both with and without food matrix at the same CFU (1.2 × 10±0.4) at 60 min and 1.7 × 10±0.2 CFU after 120 min of incubation. Growth of Shigella sonnei was not observed in SGC in the presence of either honey at different concentrations without a food source. In the presence of a food source, Manuka honey inhibited the growth of Shigella sonnei at 10% v/v and Talah honey at 20% v/v dilutions in SGC. In SIC, Manuka honey inhibited the growth of Shigella sonnei at 15% and 20% v/v dilutions, whereas Talah honey inhibited Shigella sonnei at 20% and 25% v/v dilutions without and with food sources, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Shigella sonnei can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach if inoculated with a food source. Acidic pH and pepsin had no deleterious effects on the antibacterial capability of honey. However, bile reduced the antibacterial activity of honey in the intestinal environment.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-23--Crocin regulates the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells after cerebral ischemia.

INTRODUCTION : To investigate the effects of crocin on proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem cells and the Notch1 signalling pathway in rats after cerebral ischemia reperfusion .
MATERIAL AND METHODS : SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group , model group and administration group ( crocin ) .
Middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO/R ) was used to establish the focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in rat .
After surgical treatment , the treatment group was treated with crocin .
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qPCR ) was used to detect the changes in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ proteins in rat endogenous neural stem cells after cerebral ischemia reperfusion .
ELISA was used to detect changes in inflammatory factors .
Neural stem cells were cultured in vitro , which were divided into : the normal control group , the hypoglycaemic deprivation/reoxygenation group , hypoglycaemic deprivation/reoxygenation group with a low concentration of crocin , and hypoglycaemic deprivation/reoxygenation group with a high concentration of crocin .
The cell proliferation assay detects cell activity .
The cell migration assay tests the cell migration ability .
And flow cytometry was used to determine cell apoptosis @ @ @ @ @ @ @ group , the Notch1 signalling pathway was activated in the model group .
The expression of Notch1 in the crocin group was increased compared to the model group .
Crocin can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors .
The results of our experiments showed that crocin could induce the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells and inhibit the apoptosis of neural stem cells in the hypoglycaemic/reoxygenation model group .
CONCLUSIONS : Crocin sufficiently promotes the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells and inhibits the apoptosis of these cells in rats after @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effects of crocin on proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem cells and the Notch1 signalling pathway in rats after cerebral ischemia reperfusion.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, model group and administration group (crocin). Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO/R) was used to establish the focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in rat. After surgical treatment, the treatment group was treated with crocin. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the changes in the expression of Notch1, Bax and bcl-2 proteins in rat endogenous neural stem cells after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. ELISA was used to detect changes in inflammatory factors. Neural stem cells were cultured in vitro, which were divided into: the normal control group, the hypoglycaemic deprivation/reoxygenation group, hypoglycaemic deprivation/reoxygenation group with a low concentration of crocin, and hypoglycaemic deprivation/reoxygenation group with a high concentration of crocin. The cell proliferation assay detects cell activity. The cell migration assay tests the cell migration ability. And flow cytometry was used to determine cell apoptosis.
RESULTS: Compared with the sham group, the Notch1 signalling pathway was activated in the model group. The expression of Notch1 in the crocin group was increased compared to the model group. Crocin can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors. The results of our experiments showed that crocin could induce the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells and inhibit the apoptosis of neural stem cells in the hypoglycaemic/reoxygenation model group.
CONCLUSIONS: Crocin sufficiently promotes the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells and inhibits the apoptosis of these cells in rats after ischemia-reperfusion by manipulating the Notch signalling pathway.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-23--Crocus sativus and its petal flavonoid showed relatively potent therapeutic effects on respiratory d

Crocus sativus and its petal flavonoid showed relatively potent therapeutic effects on respiratory disorders.

CONTEXT : L. ( Iridaceae ) , or saffron , has been used as food additives and spices .
In the traditional medicine of Iran , has been used for the treatment of liver disorders , coughs , and as an anti-inflammatory agent for eyes .
OBJECTIVE : The current study reviewed the possible therapeutic effects ofstigma and its petal flavonoid ( kaempferol ) on respiratory disorders with several mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory , and smooth muscle relaxant effects .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : This review article searched databases including PubMed , Google Scholar , and ScienceDirect , up to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` , 'saffron ' , 'kaempferol ' , 'airway inflammation ' , and 'smooth muscle relaxant ' were searched .
RESULTS : reduced nitric oxide ( NO ) , inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) levels and inflammatory cytokines in the lung tissue .
Saffron and kaempferol reduced white blood cells ( WBCs ) and the percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid .
Moreover , saffron reduced tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin on tracheal smooth muscles .
In addition , kaempferol reduced the total leukocyte and eosinophil counts @ @ @ @ @ @ @ also showed relaxant effects on smooth muscle .
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION : and its petal flavonoid , kaempferol , showed relatively potent therapeutic effects on respiratory disorders by relaxation of tracheal smooth muscles via stimulatory or blocking effects onβ-adrenoceptor and muscarinic receptors , respectively .
Saffron and kaempferol also decreased production of NO , inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in respiratory systems .

CONTEXT: L. (Iridaceae), or saffron, has been used as food additives and spices. In the traditional medicine of Iran,has been used for the treatment of liver disorders, coughs, and as an anti-inflammatory agent for eyes.
OBJECTIVE: The current study reviewed the possible therapeutic effects ofstigma and its petal flavonoid (kaempferol) on respiratory disorders with several mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory, and smooth muscle relaxant effects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review article searched databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, up to November 2019. The keywords including; '', 'saffron', 'kaempferol', 'airway inflammation', and 'smooth muscle relaxant' were searched.
RESULTS: reduced nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels and inflammatory cytokines in the lung tissue. Saffron and kaempferol reduced white blood cells (WBCs) and the percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, saffron reduced tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin on tracheal smooth muscles. In addition, kaempferol reduced the total leukocyte and eosinophil counts similar to the effect of dexamethasone and also showed relaxant effects on smooth muscle.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: and its petal flavonoid, kaempferol, showed relatively potent therapeutic effects on respiratory disorders by relaxation of tracheal smooth muscles via stimulatory or blocking effects onβ-adrenoceptor and muscarinic receptors, respectively. Saffron and kaempferol also decreased production of NO, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in respiratory systems.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-23--Activity of antioxidants from Crocus sativus L. petals: Potential preventive effects towards cardiov

Activity of antioxidants from Crocus sativus L. petals: Potential preventive effects towards cardiovascular system.

The petals of the saffron crocus ( L. ) are considered a waste material in saffron production , but may be a sustainable source of natural biologically active substances of nutraceutical interest .
The aim of this work was to study the cardiovascular effects of kaempferol and crocin extracted from saffron petals .
The antiarrhythmic , inotropic , and chronotropic effects of saffron petal extract ( SPE ) , kaempferol , and crocin were evaluated through in vitro biological assays .
The antioxidant activity of kaempferol and crocin was investigated through the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate ( DCFH-DA ) assay using rat @ @ @ @ @ @ @ assay was applied to assess the effects of kaempferol and crocin on cell viability .
SPE showed weak negative inotropic and chronotropic intrinsic activities but a significant intrinsic activity on smooth muscle with a potency on the ileum greater than on the aorta : EC= 0.66 mg/mL versus EC= 1.45 mg/mL .
Kaempferol and crocin showed a selective negative inotropic activity .
In addition , kaempferol decreased the contraction induced by KCl ( 80 mM ) in guinea pig aortic and ileal strips , while crocin had no effect .
Furthermore , following @ @ @ @ @ @ @ decreased intracellular ROS formation and increased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner .
The results indicate that SPE , a by-product of saffron cultivation , may represent a good source of phytochemicals with a potential application in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases .

The petals of the saffron crocus (L.) are considered a waste material in saffron production, but may be a sustainable source of natural biologically active substances of nutraceutical interest. The aim of this work was to study the cardiovascular effects of kaempferol and crocin extracted from saffron petals. The antiarrhythmic, inotropic, and chronotropic effects of saffron petal extract (SPE), kaempferol, and crocin were evaluated through in vitro biological assays. The antioxidant activity of kaempferol and crocin was investigated through the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay using rat cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2. The MTT assay was applied to assess the effects of kaempferol and crocin on cell viability. SPE showed weak negative inotropic and chronotropic intrinsic activities but a significant intrinsic activity on smooth muscle with a potency on the ileum greater than on the aorta: EC= 0.66 mg/mL versus EC= 1.45 mg/mL. Kaempferol and crocin showed a selective negative inotropic activity. In addition, kaempferol decreased the contraction induced by KCl (80 mM) in guinea pig aortic and ileal strips, while crocin had no effect. Furthermore, following oxidative stress, both crocin and kaempferol decreased intracellular ROS formation and increased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. The results indicate that SPE, a by-product of saffron cultivation, may represent a good source of phytochemicals with a potential application in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-23--Crocins from Crocus sativus L. in the management of hyperglycemia.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by persistent high blood glucose levels and accompanied by impaired metabolic pathways .
In @ @ @ @ @ zebrafish to investigate the effect of crocins isolated fromL.
, on the control of glucose @ @ @ @ @ were exposed to an aqueous solution of crocins and whole embryo glucose levels were measured @ @ @ @ @ We showed that the application of crocins reduces zebrafish embryo glucose levels and enhances insulin @ @ @ @ @ whether crocins are implicated inthe metabolic pathway of gluconeogenesis .
We showed that following a @ @ @ @ @ glucose level reduction , the expression of ( ) , a key gene involved in @ @ @ @ @ .
We propose a putative role for the crocins in glucose metabolism and insulin management @

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by persistent high blood glucose levels and accompanied by impaired metabolic pathways. In this study, we used zebrafish to investigate the effect of crocins isolated fromL., on the control of glucose levels and pancreaticβ-cells. Embryos were exposed to an aqueous solution of crocins and whole embryo glucose levels were measured at 48 h post-treatment. We showed that the application of crocins reduces zebrafish embryo glucose levels and enhances insulin expression. We also examined whether crocins are implicated inthe metabolic pathway of gluconeogenesis. We showed that following a single application of crocins and glucose level reduction, the expression of(), a key gene involved in glucose metabolism, is increased. We propose a putative role for the crocins in glucose metabolism and insulin management.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-23--The Future of Vaccines [VIDEO]

The Future of Vaccines [VIDEO]

Corbett Report : If the Gateses and the Faucis and the representatives of the international medical establishment get their way @ @ @ @ @ to normal until the entire planet is vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 .
What many do not @ @ @ @ @ is that the vaccines that are being developed for SARS-Cov-2 are unlike any vaccines that @ @ @ @ @ the human population before .
And , as radically different as these vaccines appear , @ @ @ @ @ beginning of a complete transformation of vaccine technology that is currently taking place in research @ @ @ @ @ This is a study of The Future of Vaccines .
ACT NOW : Tell your @ @ @ @ @ COVID-19 vaccines must be voluntary !

Visit our Re-post guidelines This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2020
Corbett Report: If the Gateses and the Faucis and the representatives of the international medical establishment get their way, life will not return to normal until the entire planet is vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. What many do not yet understand, however, is that the vaccines that are being developed for SARS-Cov-2 are unlike any vaccines that have ever been used on the human population before. And, as radically different as these vaccines appear, they represent only the very beginning of a complete transformation of vaccine technology that is currently taking place in research labs across the planet. This is a study of The Future of Vaccines.
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greenmedinfo--2020-12-23--Saffron and its main component crocin might be a promising target for cognition improvement in Alzhe

Saffron and its main component crocin might be a promising target for cognition improvement in Alzheimer's disease and stress-related disorders.

Chronic stress and high levels of glucocorticoids produce functional and structural changes in brain and especially in the hippocampus , an important limbic system structure that plays a key role in cognitive functions including learning and memory .
Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time .
Indeed , cognitive dysfunction , neuronal atrophy , and synaptic loss are associated with both AD and chronic stress .
Recent preclinical and clinical studies have highlighted a possible link between chronic stress , cognitive decline and the development of AD .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ an essential mediator of the neurodegenerative effects of stress and glucocorticoids towards the development of AD pathology .
Recent findings from animal and humans studies demonstrated that saffron and its main constitutive crocin are effective against chronic stress-induced cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress and slowed cognitive decline in AD .
The inhibitory actions on acetylcholinesterase activity , aggregation of beta-amyloid protein into amyloid plaques and tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles , and also the antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , and the promotion of synaptic plasticity effects are among the possible mechanisms to explain the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ demonstrate that saffron and its main component crocin might be a promising target for cognition improvement in AD and stress-related disorders .

Chronic stress and high levels of glucocorticoids produce functional and structural changes in brain and especially in the hippocampus, an important limbic system structure that plays a key role in cognitive functions including learning and memory. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time. Indeed, cognitive dysfunction, neuronal atrophy, and synaptic loss are associated with both AD and chronic stress. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have highlighted a possible link between chronic stress, cognitive decline and the development of AD. It is suggested that Tau protein is an essential mediator of the neurodegenerative effects of stress and glucocorticoids towards the development of AD pathology. Recent findings from animal and humans studies demonstrated that saffron and its main constitutive crocin are effective against chronic stress-induced cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress and slowed cognitive decline in AD. The inhibitory actions on acetylcholinesterase activity, aggregation of beta-amyloid protein into amyloid plaques and tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles, and also the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and the promotion of synaptic plasticity effects are among the possible mechanisms to explain the neuroprotective effects of saffron. New evidences demonstrate that saffron and its main component crocin might be a promising target for cognition improvement in AD and stress-related disorders.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa and Allium ursinum extracts in a cellular m

Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa and Allium ursinum extracts in a cellular model of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Natural products black cumin- ( ) and wild garlic- ( AU ) are known for their potential role in reducing cardiovascular risk factors , including antracycline chemotherapy .
Therefore , this study investigates the effect ofand AU water and methanolic extracts in a cellular model of doxorubicin ( doxo ) -induced cardiotoxicity .
The extracts were characterized using Ultraviolet-visible ( UV-VIS ) spectroscopy , Fourier-transform infrared ( FT-IR ) spectroscopy , Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry ( LC-MS ) and Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry ( GC-MS ) techniques .
Antioxidant activity was evaluated on H9c2 cells .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ ROS ) release was evaluated using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate ( DHCF-DA ) and mitochondria-targeted superoxide indicator ( MitoSOX red ) , respectively .
Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was evaluated by flow cytometry .
LC-MS analysis identified 12 and 10 phenolic compounds in NSS and AU extracts , respectively , with flavonols as predominant compounds .
FT-IR analysis identified the presence of carbohydrates , amino acids and lipids in both plants .
GC-MS identified the sulfur compounds in the AU water extract.seeds ( NSS ) methanolic extract had the highest antioxidant activity reducing both intracellular and mitochondrial @ @ @ @ @ @ @ AU methanolic extract ) preserved H9c2 cells viability .
None of the investigated plants affected the mitochondrial membrane depolarization.and AU are important sources of bioactive compounds with increased antioxidant activities , requiring different extraction solvents to obtain the pharmacological effects .

Natural products black cumin-() and wild garlic-(AU) are known for their potential role in reducing cardiovascular risk factors, including antracycline chemotherapy. Therefore, this study investigates the effect ofand AU water and methanolic extracts in a cellular model of doxorubicin (doxo)-induced cardiotoxicity. The extracts were characterized using Ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Antioxidant activity was evaluated on H9c2 cells. Cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) release was evaluated using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate (DHCF-DA) and mitochondria-targeted superoxide indicator (MitoSOX red), respectively. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was evaluated by flow cytometry. LC-MS analysis identified 12 and 10 phenolic compounds in NSS and AU extracts, respectively, with flavonols as predominant compounds. FT-IR analysis identified the presence of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids in both plants. GC-MS identified the sulfur compounds in the AU water extract.seeds (NSS) methanolic extract had the highest antioxidant activity reducing both intracellular and mitochondrial ROS release. All extracts (excepting AU methanolic extract) preserved H9c2 cells viability. None of the investigated plants affected the mitochondrial membrane depolarization.and AU are important sources of bioactive compounds with increased antioxidant activities, requiring different extraction solvents to obtain the pharmacological effects.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Yoga-related mind-body interventions for older adults appear to be safe, feasible, and effective alt

Yoga-related mind-body interventions for older adults appear to be safe, feasible, and effective alternative practice for maintenance of cognitive functions.

OBJECTIVES : Considering dementia has no definite curative intervention available through modern medical management , alternative therapeutic symptomatic interventions are needed urgently .
This systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated whether yoga-related practices , as a preventive mind-body therapy , is effective for the management of cognitive decline in older adults .
METHODS : Seven electronic databases ( Abstracts in Social Gerontology , Age Line , CINAHL , PsycINFO , PubMed , Scopus , and Web of Science ) were searched using specified inclusion criteria to identify original studies that investigated the effects of yoga-related mind-body therapies on cognitive function , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ meta-analysis was also carried out calculating the overall effect sizes , expressed as standardized mean differences ( i.e.
, d ) .
RESULTS : Twelve studies , including 912 participants ( 73.9 % female ; 239 with and 673 without cognitive impairment ) were selected for this review ; eleven were randomized controlled trials .
One study had a high risk of bias and was excluded from the meta-analysis .
Studies involved a wide variety of yoga practices with a common focus on meditative postural exercises .
Results revealed significant beneficial effects on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) , executive function ( Cohen 's d = 0.40 ) , and attention and processing speed ( Cohen 's d = 0.33 ) .
No adverse effects were reported .
DISCUSSION : Yoga-related mind-body interventions for older adults appear to be safe , feasible , and effective alternative practice for maintenance of cognitive functions both in age- and disease-related cognitive decline .
Practicing yoga can be a useful part of daily routine to maintain cognitive function in older adulthood .
Suggestions for further research were discussed .

OBJECTIVES: Considering dementia has no definite curative intervention available through modern medical management, alternative therapeutic symptomatic interventions are needed urgently. This systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated whether yoga-related practices, as a preventive mind-body therapy, is effective for the management of cognitive decline in older adults.
METHODS: Seven electronic databases (Abstracts in Social Gerontology, Age Line, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched using specified inclusion criteria to identify original studies that investigated the effects of yoga-related mind-body therapies on cognitive function, in the context of aging. A meta-analysis was also carried out calculating the overall effect sizes, expressed as standardized mean differences (i.e., d).
RESULTS: Twelve studies, including 912 participants (73.9% female; 239 with and 673 without cognitive impairment) were selected for this review; eleven were randomized controlled trials. One study had a high risk of bias and was excluded from the meta-analysis. Studies involved a wide variety of yoga practices with a common focus on meditative postural exercises. Results revealed significant beneficial effects on memory (Cohen's d = 0.38), executive function (Cohen's d = 0.40), and attention and processing speed (Cohen's d = 0.33). No adverse effects were reported.
DISCUSSION: Yoga-related mind-body interventions for older adults appear to be safe, feasible, and effective alternative practice for maintenance of cognitive functions both in age- and disease-related cognitive decline. Practicing yoga can be a useful part of daily routine to maintain cognitive function in older adulthood. Suggestions for further research were discussed.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Mindfulness-based stress reduction interventions show significant improvements in chronic pain patie

Mindfulness-based stress reduction interventions show significant improvements in chronic pain patients for pain measures, QOL, and mental health.

Background : Chronic pain is a serious public health problem that affects people of all ages and backgrounds .
Mindfulness-based stress reduction ( MBSR ) techniques offer an accessible treatment modality for chronic pain patients that may complement or replace pharmacological treatment .
This article reviews the literature on the efficacy of MBSR training in patients with back chronic pain syndromes for the outcomes of pain measures , quality of life ( QOL ) , mental health , and mindfulness .
Methods : A systemized search was conducted in September of 2018 for studies published between 2008 and 2018 on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Out of 50 articles on mindfulness and chronic pain , 12 empirical studies were selected for the inclusion in this review .
Results : Subjective pain scores and QOL improved for chronic pain patients after mindfulness interventions , compared to control groups , in most of the studies reviewed .
Limitations of the studies reviewed included the varied pain measurement instruments , the small sample sizes , and the inability to blind participants to MBSR intervention .
Conclusions : MBSR interventions show significant improvements in chronic pain patients for pain measures , QOL @ @ @ @ @

Background: Chronic pain is a serious public health problem that affects people of all ages and backgrounds. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) techniques offer an accessible treatment modality for chronic pain patients that may complement or replace pharmacological treatment. This article reviews the literature on the efficacy of MBSR training in patients with back chronic pain syndromes for the outcomes of pain measures, quality of life (QOL), mental health, and mindfulness.
Methods: A systemized search was conducted in September of 2018 for studies published between 2008 and 2018 on mindfulness and chronic low back pain. Out of 50 articles on mindfulness and chronic pain, 12 empirical studies were selected for the inclusion in this review.
Results: Subjective pain scores and QOL improved for chronic pain patients after mindfulness interventions, compared to control groups, in most of the studies reviewed. Limitations of the studies reviewed included the varied pain measurement instruments, the small sample sizes, and the inability to blind participants to MBSR intervention.
Conclusions: MBSR interventions show significant improvements in chronic pain patients for pain measures, QOL, and mental health.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Immediate effect of yoga exercises for eyes on the macular thickness.

Background : Yoga exercises for eyes have been advocated as beneficial to eye health .
In a previous study , we evaluated the effect of yoga exercises for eyes on the intraocular pressure ( IOP ) .
The other aspects of the effects of yoga exercises for eyes to ocular structure have not been investigated yet .
Aim : The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of yoga exercises for eyes on the macular structure using the optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) and OCT angiography ( OCTA ) parameters .
Methods : Twenty-nine participants were included @ @ @ @ @ @ @ healthy controls .
Basic ophthalmic examination was performed , after which patients were evaluated for IOP , OCT , and OCTA before and after yoga exercises for eyes .
OCT/A parameters that were evaluated were : average macular thickness ( AMT ) ( μm ) , central macular thickness ( μm ) , central choroidal thickness ( μm ) vessel density ( % ) in the superficial , deep vascular layers , and in the choriocapillaris .
Results : IOP was significantly reduced ( postexercise IOP = 13.02 mmHg± 2.82 mmHg ) from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 13.86 mmHg ± 2.85 mmHg , = 0.02 ) .
AMT significantly increased ( postexercise AMT = 275.40μm ± 10.85 μm ) from the preexercise measurement ( preexercise AMT = 274.41 μm ± 10.89 μm ; = 0.02 ) .
Conclusion : After yoga ocular exercises , IOP significantly decreased and AMT significantly increased in healthy controls , suggesting an effect of these exercises on the macular thickness .

Background: Yoga exercises for eyes have been advocated as beneficial to eye health. In a previous study, we evaluated the effect of yoga exercises for eyes on the intraocular pressure (IOP). The other aspects of the effects of yoga exercises for eyes to ocular structure have not been investigated yet.
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of yoga exercises for eyes on the macular structure using the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) parameters.
Methods: Twenty-nine participants were included in this masked within participant comparison of healthy controls. Basic ophthalmic examination was performed, after which patients were evaluated for IOP, OCT, and OCTA before and after yoga exercises for eyes. OCT/A parameters that were evaluated were: average macular thickness (AMT) (μm), central macular thickness (μm), central choroidal thickness (μm) vessel density (%) in the superficial, deep vascular layers, and in the choriocapillaris.
Results: IOP was significantly reduced (postexercise IOP = 13.02 mmHg± 2.82 mmHg) from the initial value (preexercise IOP = 13.86 mmHg ± 2.85 mmHg,= 0.02). AMT significantly increased (postexercise AMT = 275.40μm ± 10.85 μm) from the preexercise measurement (preexercise AMT = 274.41 μm ± 10.89 μm;= 0.02).
Conclusion: After yoga ocular exercises, IOP significantly decreased and AMT significantly increased in healthy controls, suggesting an effect of these exercises on the macular thickness.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Too Much Sugar Linked to Aggression, ADHD and Bipolar Disorder

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greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Yoga might be a promising alternative for patients with coronary heart disease.

OBJECTIVES : Yoga has been widely practiced and has recently shown benefits in patients with coronary heart disease ( CHD ) , however , evidence is inconsistent .
METHODS : We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching PubMed/Medline , the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ( CENTRAL ) , EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to May 31 , 2020 for randomised controlled trials ( RCTs ) comparing yoga with usual care or non-pharmacological interventions in patients with CHD .
The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and health related quality of life ( HR-QoL ) .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ , exercise capacity and cardiovascular risk factors ( blood pressure , lipid profiles and body mass index ) .
RESULTS : Seven RCTs with a total of 4671 participants were included .
Six RCTs compared yoga with usual care and one compared yoga with designed exercise .
The mean age of the participants ranged from 51.0 to 60.7 years and the majority of them were men ( 85.4 % ) .
Pooled results showed that compared with usual care , yoga had no effect on all-cause mortality ( RR , 1.02 ; 95 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , but it significantly improved HR-QoL ( SMD , 0.07 ; 95 % CI , 0.01 to 0.14 ) .
A non-significant reduction of the composite cardiovascular outcome was observed ( 133 vs. 154 ; RR , 0.63 ; 95 % CI , 0.15 to 2.59 ) .
Serum level of triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol , blood pressure and body mass index were also significantly improved .
The study comparing yoga with control exercise also reported significantly better effects of yoga on HR-QoL ( 85.75 vs. 75.24 , P CONCLUSIONS : @ @ @ @ @ @ @ patients with CHD as it is associated with improved quality of life , less number of composite cardiovascular events , and improved cardiovascular risk factors .

OBJECTIVES: Yoga has been widely practiced and has recently shown benefits in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), however, evidence is inconsistent.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to May 31, 2020 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing yoga with usual care or non-pharmacological interventions in patients with CHD. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and health related quality of life (HR-QoL). Secondary outcomes were a composite cardiovascular outcome, exercise capacity and cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, lipid profiles and body mass index).
RESULTS: Seven RCTs with a total of 4671 participants were included. Six RCTs compared yoga with usual care and one compared yoga with designed exercise. The mean age of the participants ranged from 51.0 to 60.7 years and the majority of them were men (85.4%). Pooled results showed that compared with usual care, yoga had no effect on all-cause mortality (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.39), but it significantly improved HR-QoL (SMD, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.14). A non-significant reduction of the composite cardiovascular outcome was observed (133 vs. 154; RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.15 to 2.59). Serum level of triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure and body mass index were also significantly improved. The study comparing yoga with control exercise also reported significantly better effects of yoga on HR-QoL (85.75 vs. 75.24, P < 0.001). No severe adverse events related to yoga were reported.
CONCLUSIONS: Yoga might be a promising alternative for patients with CHD as it is associated with improved quality of life, less number of composite cardiovascular events, and improved cardiovascular risk factors.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42020190932.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Both Ayurveda Rasayana and integrated yoga intervention found to be effective in improving cognitive

Both Ayurveda Rasayana and integrated yoga intervention found to be effective in improving cognitive abilities.

BACKGROUND : Yoga and Ayurveda are the ancient sciences emphasis on the prevention and cure of disease , and the proportion of health .
Both Ayurveda and Yoga are known to reduce the aging process and are found to be useful in the disorders related to aging .
OBJECTIVE : This study investigates the effects of Yoga and Ayurveda Rasayana combined intervention on cognition among the elderly with mild cognitive impairment .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Seventy-two elderly persons ( average age 63.3 ± 6.44 years ) received either Ayurveda Rasayana ( AR ) ( n = 23 ) or @ @ @ @ @ @ @ = 25 ) or combined ( IY plus AR ) intervention ( n = 24 ) for eight weeks .
AR treatment consisted of brahmi ghrit , and IY consisted of asana , pranayama , meditation , and relaxation techniques .
Executive function , verbal fluency , attention , short term , and working memory and learning and verbal memory were assessed at the baseline and after eight weeks .
CONCLUSION : Both Ayurveda Rasayana and Integrated Yoga intervention found to be effective in improving cognitive abilities among the elderly with MCI .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ significantly better improvement in learning , attention , and working memory compared to individual response among elderly persons with MCI .

BACKGROUND: Yoga and Ayurveda are the ancient sciences emphasis on the prevention and cure of disease, and the proportion of health. Both Ayurveda and Yoga are known to reduce the aging process and are found to be useful in the disorders related to aging.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effects of Yoga and Ayurveda Rasayana combined intervention on cognition among the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two elderly persons (average age 63.3 ± 6.44 years) received either Ayurveda Rasayana (AR) (n = 23) or Integrated Yoga (IY) (n = 25) or combined (IY plus AR) intervention (n = 24) for eight weeks. AR treatment consisted of brahmi ghrit, and IY consisted of asana, pranayama, meditation, and relaxation techniques. Executive function, verbal fluency, attention, short term, and working memory and learning and verbal memory were assessed at the baseline and after eight weeks.
RESULTS: Within-groups analysis showed significant time main effect (p < 0.05) in all cognitive measures in the three groups (IY, AR, and IY plus AR) except digit backward test. Bonferroni post hoc test shows a significant difference in pre to post in all variables. In the between-group analysis, there was substantial group difference for Rey's Auditory Verbal LearningTest-hits, F (2, 69) = 4.376 (P < 0.016), Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Average, F (2, 69) = 4.727 (0.012), Digit backward test, F (2, 69) = 5.766 (0.005) after eight weeks of intervention.
CONCLUSION: Both Ayurveda Rasayana and Integrated Yoga intervention found to be effective in improving cognitive abilities among the elderly with MCI. Combined Ayurveda Rasayana and Yoga intervention produced significantly better improvement in learning, attention, and working memory compared to individual response among elderly persons with MCI.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Effectiveness of yoga on quality of life of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Background : Cancer of breast is most common cancer among women in India and vast majority of countries worldwide .
While undergoing chemotherapy for carcinoma management , women encounter side effects , which affects their quality of life ( QOL ) .
A randomized controlled study with quantitative research approach and time series design was conducted , to study the effectiveness of yoga on QOL of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy .
Methodology : One hundred breast cancer patients scheduled for 3-weekly , day-care adjuvant chemotherapy ( CEF regimen ) were enrolled with consecutive sampling technique , into control ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 48 ) groups , by concealed randomization following written informed consent .
Baseline data on QOL were collected before first-cycle chemotherapy using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ C30 .
Patients in the experimental group were taught diaphragmatic breathing techniques , systematic relaxation , and alternate nostril breathing , and Joints and Glands neck and shoulder exercises were instructed to practice twice daily at home .
They were supervised in practicing these techniques while they received second , third , fourth , fifth , and sixth cycles of chemotherapy @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the control group received only routine care .
All participants received standard post chemotherapy prescription .
Data on QOL were collected from all patients during the second , third , fourth , fifth , and sixth cycles of chemotherapy .
Results : The analysis revealed that at the baseline ( first chemotherapy cycle ) , breast cancer patients in control and experimental groups were homogeneous in terms of their sociodemographic and clinical variables and QOL score .
Yoga practices were effective in improving the QOL of breast cancer patients in the experimental group @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , physical function , role function , and emotional function and decreasing the symptoms of fatigue , insomnia , loss of appetite , and constipation , during the period of chemotherapy .
Conclusion : Yoga practices comprising of relaxation techniques reduce many side effects and improve the QOL of women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer .

Background: Cancer of breast is most common cancer among women in India and vast majority of countries worldwide. While undergoing chemotherapy for carcinoma management, women encounter side effects, which affects their quality of life (QOL). A randomized controlled study with quantitative research approach and time series design was conducted, to study the effectiveness of yoga on QOL of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Methodology: One hundred breast cancer patients scheduled for 3-weekly, day-care adjuvant chemotherapy (CEF regimen) were enrolled with consecutive sampling technique, into control (= 52) and experiment (= 48) groups, by concealed randomization following written informed consent. Baseline data on QOL were collected before first-cycle chemotherapy using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ C30. Patients in the experimental group were taught diaphragmatic breathing techniques, systematic relaxation, and alternate nostril breathing, and Joints and Glands neck and shoulder exercises were instructed to practice twice daily at home. They were supervised in practicing these techniques while they received second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cycles of chemotherapy in the day-care facility. Participants in the control group received only routine care. All participants received standard post chemotherapy prescription. Data on QOL were collected from all patients during the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cycles of chemotherapy.
Results: The analysis revealed that at the baseline (first chemotherapy cycle), breast cancer patients in control and experimental groups were homogeneous in terms of their sociodemographic and clinical variables and QOL score. Yoga practices were effective in improving the QOL of breast cancer patients in the experimental group in the areas of global health status, physical function, role function, and emotional function and decreasing the symptoms of fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, and constipation, during the period of chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Yoga practices comprising of relaxation techniques reduce many side effects and improve the QOL of women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Breathing training program improves quality of life in patients with predialysis chronic kidney dise

Breathing training program improves quality of life in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease.

Context : Chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) patients have suboptimal quality of life ( QOL ) .
Various studies/researches have revealed that breathing exercises have a positive and favorable impact on different systems of the body .
Aims : This study aims to assess the effect of a breathing training program on QOL in patients with predialysis CKD .
Settings : The study was a single-center study conducted at PGIMER , Chandigarh .
Methods : Sixty individuals were enrolled and randomized using lottery method .
QOL was assessed or evaluated by Kidney Disease and QOL questionnaire ( KDQOL™-36 ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ intervention group .
Patients included in control group continued with the routine care .
Assessment of QOL was done after 4 weeks in both the groups .
Results : Change in KDQOL™-36 scores showed significant difference between control and the intervention group .
The mean scores of control group in the subscale effects of kidney disease , SF-12 Physical functioning ( Physical Health Composite ) and SF-12 Mental functioning ( Mental Health Composite ) were 84.79 , 39.16 and 37.40 , respectively , whereas in intervention group , the respective mean scores were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The difference was statistically significant ( = 0.04 , = 0.01 , and= 0.003 , respectively ) .

Context: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have suboptimal quality of life (QOL). Various studies/researches have revealed that breathing exercises have a positive and favorable impact on different systems of the body.
Aims: This study aims to assess the effect of a breathing training program on QOL in patients with predialysis CKD.
Settings: The study was a single-center study conducted at PGIMER, Chandigarh.
Design: Randomized controlled trial.
Methods: Sixty individuals were enrolled and randomized using lottery method. QOL was assessed or evaluated by Kidney Disease and QOL questionnaire (KDQOL™-36). Breathing exercises were taught to the intervention group. Patients included in control group continued with the routine care. Assessment of QOL was done after 4 weeks in both the groups.
Results: Change in KDQOL™-36 scores showed significant difference between control and the intervention group. The mean scores of control group in the subscale effects of kidney disease, SF-12 Physical functioning (Physical Health Composite) and SF-12 Mental functioning (Mental Health Composite) were 84.79, 39.16 and 37.40, respectively, whereas in intervention group, the respective mean scores were 91.88, 43.92, and 44.16. The difference was statistically significant (= 0.04,= 0.01, and= 0.003, respectively).
Conclusions: Breathing training program improves QOL in patients with predialysis CKD.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Thymoquinone-loaded PLGA nanoparticles could be used in the malignant melanoma cancer cells.

Introduction : Thymoquinone ( TQ ) is the main active compound extracted froma traditional herb with wide therapeutic applications and recognizable anticancer properties .
This study aimed to formulate and characterize TQ-nanoparticles using PLGA as a biocompatible coating material ( TQ-PLGA NPs ) with the evaluation of its therapeutic properties in human melanoma cancer cells .
Methods : The TQ-PLGA NPs were prepared and characterized for size , zeta potential , encapsulation efficiency , and release profile .
Results : The particle size was 147.2 nm , with 22.1 positive zeta potential and 96.8 % encapsulation efficiency .
The NPs @ @ @ @ @ @ @ within 3 h followed by characteristic sustained release over 7 days with a total of 69.7 % cumulative release .
TQ-PLGA NPs were taken up effectively by the cells in a time-dependent manner up to 24 h. Higher cell toxicity was determined within the first 24 h in melanoma cells due to the rapid release of TQfrom the NPs and its low stability in the cell culture media .
Conclusion : TQ-PLGA NPs is a potential anticancer agent taking advantage of the sustained release and tailored size that allows accumulation in the cancer @ @ @ @ @ @ @ effect .
However , stability problems of the active ingredient were address in this study and requires further investigation .

Introduction: Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main active compound extracted froma traditional herb with wide therapeutic applications and recognizable anticancer properties. This study aimed to formulate and characterize TQ-nanoparticles using PLGA as a biocompatible coating material (TQ-PLGA NPs) with the evaluation of its therapeutic properties in human melanoma cancer cells.
Methods: The TQ-PLGA NPs were prepared and characterized for size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and release profile.
Results: The particle size was 147.2 nm, with 22.1 positive zeta potential and 96.8% encapsulation efficiency. The NPs released 45.6% of the encapsulated TQ within 3 h followed by characteristic sustained release over 7 days with a total of 69.7% cumulative release. TQ-PLGA NPs were taken up effectively by the cells in a time-dependent manner up to 24 h. Higher cell toxicity was determined within the first 24 h in melanoma cells due to the rapid release of TQfrom the NPs and its low stability in the cell culture media.
Conclusion: TQ-PLGA NPs is a potential anticancer agent taking advantage of the sustained release and tailored size that allows accumulation in the cancer tissue by the enhanced permeability and retention effect. However, stability problems of the active ingredient were address in this study and requires further investigation.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Thymoquinone inhibits IL-7-induced tumor progression and metastatic invasion in prostate cancer cell

Thymoquinone inhibits IL-7-induced tumor progression and metastatic invasion in prostate cancer cells.

Interleukin ( IL ) -7 acts via the IL-7 receptor in metastatic tumor progression in prostate cancer ( PC ) .
The current study aimed to evaluate thymoquinone ( Tq ) , an active constituent from Nigella sativa against IL-7-driven tumor progression and metastatic invasion in PC cells .
The 3- ( 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl ) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ( MTT ) assay was used to assess the proliferation of PC cells .
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of IL-7 and matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) .
Tumor-cell transendothelial , scratch wound and cell scatter assays were performed to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to measure the level of proteins .
Tq effectively controlled the proliferation of DU-145 , PC-3 , and LNCaP cells with GIof 10.18 , 12.40 , and 16.78µM , respectively .
IL-7 and IL-7R were natively expressed in all PC types , while maximal expression was detected in DU-145 .
IL-7 promoted metastatic events , such as transendothelial migration , cell scatter , and cell invasion of DU-145 cells in a dose-dependent manner that was inhibited by Tq .
Furthermore , Tq also downregulated p-Akt and NF-κB in DU-145 cells induced by IL-7 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and MMP-7 in these cells in a dose-dependent manner .
Collectively , Tq has excellent efficacy in controlling tumor progression , migration , and invasion of DU-145 cells that were driven by the activation of MMPs through IL-7/Akt/NF-κB signaling .

Interleukin (IL)-7 acts via the IL-7 receptor in metastatic tumor progression in prostate cancer (PC). The current study aimed to evaluate thymoquinone (Tq), an active constituent from Nigella sativa against IL-7-driven tumor progression and metastatic invasion in PC cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess the proliferation of PC cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of IL-7 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Tumor-cell transendothelial, scratch wound and cell scatter assays were performed to mimic metastasis. Western immunoblotting was used to measure the level of proteins. Tq effectively controlled the proliferation of DU-145, PC-3, and LNCaP cells with GIof 10.18, 12.40, and 16.78µM, respectively. IL-7 and IL-7R were natively expressed in all PC types, while maximal expression was detected in DU-145. IL-7 promoted metastatic events, such as transendothelial migration, cell scatter, and cell invasion of DU-145 cells in a dose-dependent manner that was inhibited by Tq. Furthermore, Tq also downregulated p-Akt and NF-κB in DU-145 cells induced by IL-7 antibody and reduced the levels of MMP-3 and MMP-7 in these cells in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, Tq has excellent efficacy in controlling tumor progression, migration, and invasion of DU-145 cells that were driven by the activation of MMPs through IL-7/Akt/NF-κB signaling.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--The protective effect of Nigella sativa oil against experimentally induced cisplatin ototoxicity.

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of Nigella sativa oil ( NSO ) against cis-diamminedichloroplatinum or cisplatin ( CDDP ) -induced ototoxicity .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups .
Groups 1 and 2 were given a total of 15 mg/kg CDDP intraperitoneally , which was divided equally into three doses on days 1 , 3 , and 5 .
Group 2 was treated via gavage feeding with 15 ml NSO that was divided into five doses on days 1 , 3 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Groups 3 and 4 received only 15 ml of NSO and 15 ml of 0.9 % saline solution , respectively , which were orally administered and divided into five doses on days 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , and 9 .
Baseline high-frequency ( 8 , 12 , 16 , and 32 kHz ) auditory brainstem response ( ABR ) measurements were collected in all the groups before the medical administrations and were repeated on the 14th day before sacrifice .
Afterward , a histopathological evaluation of the cochlea was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ significant difference in the histopathological changes between group 1 and the other groups ( p < 0.01 ) .
Changes in the spiral ganglion cells , the stria vascularis , and the external ciliated cells were significantly different between groups 1 and 2 ( p=0.019 , 0.039 , and 0.045 , respectively ) .
The ABR results revealed significant differences in the 16 and 32 kHz measurements between groups 1 and 2 ( p=0.013 and p < 0.01 , respectively ) .
CONCLUSION : According to the results , NSO may have a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ disruptive effects of CDDP in rats .

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) against cis-diamminedichloroplatinum or cisplatin (CDDP)-induced ototoxicity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 were given a total of 15 mg/kg CDDP intraperitoneally, which was divided equally into three doses on days 1, 3, and 5. Group 2 was treated via gavage feeding with 15 ml NSO that was divided into five doses on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Groups 3 and 4 received only 15 ml of NSO and 15 ml of 0.9% saline solution, respectively, which were orally administered and divided into five doses on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Baseline high-frequency (8, 12, 16, and 32 kHz) auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements were collected in all the groups before the medical administrations and were repeated on the 14th day before sacrifice. Afterward, a histopathological evaluation of the cochlea was performed.
RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the histopathological changes between group 1 and the other groups (p<0.01). Changes in the spiral ganglion cells, the stria vascularis, and the external ciliated cells were significantly different between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.019, 0.039, and 0.045, respectively). The ABR results revealed significant differences in the 16 and 32 kHz measurements between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.013 and p<0.01, respectively).
CONCLUSION: According to the results, NSO may have a protective effect on cochlear function against the disruptive effects of CDDP in rats.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Nigella sativa a potential herb for the pharmacotherapeutic management of hypertension.

Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors of stroke , myocardial infarction and untimely death .
The prevalence of hypertension is extremely high among the global population and many of them depend on modern medicines to manage their blood pressure .
The modern antihypertensive medications include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ( ACEIs ) , angiotensin II receptor blockers ( ARBs ) , calcium channel blockers ( CCBs ) , diuretics , betaadrenergic blockers , direct renin inhibitors , direct acting vasodilators , alpha-adrenergic blockers and centrally acting drugs that are associated with many harmful and undesirable effects .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a good strategy to manage chronic conditions due to the reasons such as perceived failure of allopathic medicines , relatively high cost of allopathic medicines , social cultural practices and/or herbal knowledge , poor access to medical facilities and safety concerns about modern medicines .
Nigella sativa ( Black seeds ) has been used to treat various conditions including hypertension , obesity , diabetes , cancer , etc .
Hence , the antihypertensive potential of N. sativa is analyzed in this review .
The literature was searched in databases including Medline/PMC/PubMed , Google @ @ @ @ @ @ @ open access journals ( DOAJ ) and reference lists to identify articles associated with antihypertensive properties of N.sativa .
Numerous randomized controlled trials and animal studies reported that N.sativa has potential antihypertensive effects .
Hence , N. sativa could be used effectively to manage patients with stage 1 hypertension and the patients using modern antihypertensive medications could reduce their doses by adding N. sativa into their regimen as adjuvant therapy .

Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors of stroke, myocardial infarction and untimely death. The prevalence of hypertension is extremely high among the global population and many of them depend on modern medicines to manage their blood pressure. The modern antihypertensive medications include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), diuretics, betaadrenergic blockers, direct renin inhibitors, direct acting vasodilators, alpha-adrenergic blockers and centrally acting drugs that are associated with many harmful and undesirable effects. The patients may consider traditional herbal medicines as a good strategy to manage chronic conditions due to the reasons such as perceived failure of allopathic medicines, relatively high cost of allopathic medicines, social cultural practices and/or herbal knowledge, poor access to medical facilities and safety concerns about modern medicines. Nigella sativa (Black seeds) has been used to treat various conditions including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cancer, etc. Hence, the antihypertensive potential of N. sativa is analyzed in this review. The literature was searched in databases including Medline/PMC/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Directory of open access journals (DOAJ) and reference lists to identify articles associated with antihypertensive properties of N.sativa. Numerous randomized controlled trials and animal studies reported that N.sativa has potential antihypertensive effects. Hence, N. sativa could be used effectively to manage patients with stage 1 hypertension and the patients using modern antihypertensive medications could reduce their doses by adding N. sativa into their regimen as adjuvant therapy.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Thymoquinone protects against hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac damage.

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for cardiac damage and cardiovascular disease .
Increasing evidence has shown that dyslipidemia-related cardiac damage is associated with lipid accumulation , oxidative stress , and inflammation .
Thymoquinone ( TQ ) is the major constituent of , commonly known as black seed or black cumin , and is globally used in folk ( herbal ) medicine for treating and preventing a number of diseases and conditions .
Several studies have shown that TQ can protect against cardiac damage .
This study is aimed at investigating the possible protective effects of TQ on hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac damage @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mice .
Eight-week-old male LDL-Rmice were randomly divided into normal diet ( ND ) , high-fat diet ( HFD ) , and HFD and TQ ( HFD+TQ ) groups and were fed the different diets for eight weeks .
Blood samples were obtained from the inferior vena cava in serum tubes and stored at -80°C until use .
Some cardiac tissues were fixed in 10 % formalin and then embedded in paraffin for histological evaluation .
The remainder of the cardiac tissues was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for mRNA preparation or immunoblotting .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ as total cholesterol ( TC ) , low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-c ) , and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) , were decreased in the HFD+TQ group compared with those in the HFD group .
Periodic acid-Schiff staining demonstrated that lipid deposition was lower in the HFD+TQ group than in the HFD group .
The expression of pyroptosis indicators ( NOD-like receptor 3 ( NLRP3 ) , interleukin- ( IL- ) 1 , IL-18 , and caspase-1 ) , proinflammatory factors ( IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF- ) ) , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( CD ) 68 ) was significantly downregulated in the HFD+TQ group compared with that in the HFD group .
Our results indicate that TQ may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac damage .

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for cardiac damage and cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence has shown that dyslipidemia-related cardiac damage is associated with lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major constituent of, commonly known as black seed or black cumin, and is globally used in folk (herbal) medicine for treating and preventing a number of diseases and conditions. Several studies have shown that TQ can protect against cardiac damage. This study is aimed at investigating the possible protective effects of TQ on hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac damage in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDL-R) mice. Eight-week-old male LDL-Rmice were randomly divided into normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD and TQ (HFD+TQ) groups and were fed the different diets for eight weeks. Blood samples were obtained from the inferior vena cava in serum tubes and stored at -80°C until use. Some cardiac tissues were fixed in 10% formalin and then embedded in paraffin for histological evaluation. The remainder of the cardiac tissues was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for mRNA preparation or immunoblotting. The levels of metabolism-related factors, such as total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), were decreased in the HFD+TQ group compared with those in the HFD group. Periodic acid-Schiff staining demonstrated that lipid deposition was lower in the HFD+TQ group than in the HFD group. The expression of pyroptosis indicators (NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3), interleukin- (IL-) 1, IL-18, and caspase-1), proinflammatory factors (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-)), and macrophage markers (cluster of differentiation (CD) 68) was significantly downregulated in the HFD+TQ group compared with that in the HFD group. Our results indicate that TQ may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac damage.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Nigella sativa supplementation is associated with improved inflammation and oxidative status.

AIMS : The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ) assessing the effects of Nigella sativa L. supplementation on the circulating inflammatory and oxidative stress markers , including C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) , total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) .
METHODS : Systematic search was performed up to March 2020 using PubMed , Scopus , and ISI web of science databases .
Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of included primary studies .
Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I-square ( I ) statistic .
Data were pooled by using the random-effect model and standardized mean difference ( SMD ) was considered as the summary effect size .
RESULTS : Twelve trials were identified to be suitable for our meta-analysis .
The pooled results using random effects model indicated that Nigella sativa supplementation significantly reduced CRP ( SMD : -0.35 ; 95 % CI : -0.59 , -0.12 , P < 0.001 , I= 10.5 % ) and MDA concentrations ( SMD @ @ @ @ @ @ @ -0.98 , -0.15 , P < 0.001 , I= 64.7 % ) .
Moreover , Nigella sativa supplementation increased TAC ( SMD : 0.48 ; 95 % CI : 0.09 , 0.87 , P = 0.01 , I= 65.6 % ) levels ; however , it did not affect TNF-α ( SMD : -0.35 ; 95 % CI : -0.70 , 0.01 , P = 0.05 , I= 58.2 % ) .
CONCLUSION : Nigella sativa supplementation is associated with improved inflammation and oxidative status .
Additional prospective studies are recommended using higher @ @ @ @ @ @ @

AIMS: The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of Nigella sativa L. supplementation on the circulating inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA).
METHODS: Systematic search was performed up to March 2020 using PubMed, Scopus, and ISI web of science databases. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and evaluated methodological quality of included primary studies. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I-square (I) statistic. Data were pooled by using the random-effect model and standardized mean difference (SMD) was considered as the summary effect size.
RESULTS: Twelve trials were identified to be suitable for our meta-analysis. The pooled results using random effects model indicated that Nigella sativa supplementation significantly reduced CRP (SMD: -0.35; 95% CI: -0.59, -0.12, P<0.001, I= 10.5%) and MDA concentrations (SMD: -0.56; 95% CI: -0.98, -0.15, P<0.001, I= 64.7%). Moreover, Nigella sativa supplementation increased TAC (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.87, P = 0.01, I= 65.6%) levels; however, it did not affect TNF-α (SMD: -0.35; 95% CI: -0.70, 0.01, P = 0.05, I= 58.2%).
CONCLUSION: Nigella sativa supplementation is associated with improved inflammation and oxidative status. Additional prospective studies are recommended using higher supplementation doses and longer intervention period.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Impact of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on male infertility.

PURPOSE : Environment and lifestyle factors is being attributed towards increased instances of male infertility .
Rapid technological advancement , results in emission of electromagnetic radiations of different frequency which impacts human both biologically as well as genetically .
Devices like cell phone , power line and monitors emit electromagnetic radiation and are a major source of the exposure .
Numerous studies describe the detrimental consequence of radiation on physiological parameters of male reproductive system including sperm parameters ( morphology , motility , and viability ) , metabolism and genomic instability .
While the thermal and non-thermal interaction of nonionizing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ruled out , most studies emphasize the generation of reactive oxygen species .
Oxidative stress alters redox equilibrium and disrupts morphology and normal functioning of sperms along with declination of total anti-oxidant capacity .
CONCLUSION : In this paper , we describe a detailed literature review with the intent of analyzing the impact of electromagnetic radiation and understand the consequence on male reproductive system .
The underlying mechanism suggesting ROS generation and pathway of action has also been discussed .
Additionally , the safety measures while using electronic gadgets and mobile phones has @ @ @ @

PURPOSE: Environment and lifestyle factors is being attributed towards increased instances of male infertility. Rapid technological advancement, results in emission of electromagnetic radiations of different frequency which impacts human both biologically as well as genetically. Devices like cell phone, power line and monitors emit electromagnetic radiation and are a major source of the exposure. Numerous studies describe the detrimental consequence of radiation on physiological parameters of male reproductive system including sperm parameters (morphology, motility, and viability), metabolism and genomic instability. While the thermal and non-thermal interaction of nonionizing radiations with biological tissues can't be ruled out, most studies emphasize the generation of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress alters redox equilibrium and disrupts morphology and normal functioning of sperms along with declination of total anti-oxidant capacity.
CONCLUSION: In this paper, we describe a detailed literature review with the intent of analyzing the impact of electromagnetic radiation and understand the consequence on male reproductive system. The underlying mechanism suggesting ROS generation and pathway of action has also been discussed. Additionally, the safety measures while using electronic gadgets and mobile phones has also been presented.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Animal and human spermatozoa exposed to EMR emitted by mobile phones had reduced motility, structura

Animal and human spermatozoa exposed to EMR emitted by mobile phones had reduced motility, structural anomalies, and increased oxidative stress.

Presently , there is a rise in the use of mobile phones , laptops , and wireless internet technologies such @ @ @ @ @ across the globe ; these devices emit a considerable amount of electromagnetic radiation ( EMR @ @ @ @ @ the male reproductive system either by thermal or nonthermal mechanisms .
The aim of this @ @ @ @ @ effects of mobile phone use on male fertility .
Related studies that reported on the @ @ @ @ @ phones on male fertility from 2003 to 2020 were evaluated .
PubMed database was used @ @ @ @ @ system was used to extract relevant research studies from PubMed .
Based on the outcomes @ @ @ @ @ studies analyzed in this review , animal and human spermatozoa exposed to EMR emitted by @ @ @ @ @ , structural anomalies , and increased oxidative stress due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species @ @ @ @ @ oxidative stress might be the key mechanisms through which EMR affects male fertility .
However @ @ @ @ @ to be associated with the duration of mobile phone use .

Presently, there is a rise in the use of mobile phones, laptops, and wireless internet technologies such as Wi-Fi and 5G routers/modems across the globe; these devices emit a considerable amount of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) which could interact with the male reproductive system either by thermal or nonthermal mechanisms. The aim of this review was to examine the effects of mobile phone use on male fertility. Related studies that reported on the effects of EMR from mobile phones on male fertility from 2003 to 2020 were evaluated. PubMed database was used. The Medical Subject Heading system was used to extract relevant research studies from PubMed. Based on the outcomes of both human and animal studies analyzed in this review, animal and human spermatozoa exposed to EMR emitted by mobile phones had reduced motility, structural anomalies, and increased oxidative stress due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Scrotal hyperthermia and increased oxidative stress might be the key mechanisms through which EMR affects male fertility. However, these negative effects appear to be associated with the duration of mobile phone use.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Evaluation of anti-tyrosinase activity of Allium ursinum extracts and their metal complexes.

BACKGROUND : A. ursinum is found to contain high levels of some beneficial phenolic and poly phenolic compounds were found to be effective in scavenging DPPH radicals and tyroinase inhibition .
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activity of three different extracts from the ultrasound-assisted method and their metal complexes from A. ursinum to discover new candidates for food additives , cosmetic and pharmaceutical products .
METHODS : Water , 70 % ethanol and absolute ethanol extract of Allium ursinum and their man- ganese and zinc-complexes were characterized by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ using DPPH radical scavenging and mushroom tyrosinase assay .
RESULTS : The antioxidant activity of the water extract was superior to other samples , while the 70 % ethanol extract exhibited the highest anti-tyrosinase activity .
Metal complex formation of the extracts led to a signifi- cantly lower antioxidant effect .
The tyrosinase inhibition strongly related to the metal ion and extraction sol- vent .
All the zinc complexes had lower anti-tyrosinase activity than their extracts , while the manganese com- plex of the water and absolute ethanol extracts exhibited higher anti-tyrosinase activity @ @ @ @ @ @ @ study shows that Mn complex of A. ursinum extracts , based on the solvent extraction , could increase tyrosinase inhibition activity and could be a good candidate for intended cosmetic applications and food additives .

BACKGROUND: A. ursinum is found to contain high levels of some beneficial phenolic and poly phenolic compounds were found to be effective in scavenging DPPH radicals and tyroinase inhibition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activity of three different extracts from the ultrasound-assisted method and their metal complexes from A. ursinum to discover new candidates for food additives, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
METHODS: Water, 70% ethanol and absolute ethanol extract of Allium ursinum and their man- ganese and zinc-complexes were characterized by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra and their antioxidant and anti- tyrosinase activity determined using DPPH radical scavenging and mushroom tyrosinase assay.
RESULTS: The antioxidant activity of the water extract was superior to other samples, while the 70% ethanol extract exhibited the highest anti-tyrosinase activity. Metal complex formation of the extracts led to a signifi- cantly lower antioxidant effect. The tyrosinase inhibition strongly related to the metal ion and extraction sol- vent. All the zinc complexes had lower anti-tyrosinase activity than their extracts, while the manganese com- plex of the water and absolute ethanol extracts exhibited higher anti-tyrosinase activity than related extracts.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that Mn complex of A. ursinum extracts, based on the solvent extraction, could increase tyrosinase inhibition activity and could be a good candidate for intended cosmetic applications and food additives.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Using dill seeds could reduce the duration of labor.

BACKGROUND : It is well documented that prolonged labor is associated with complications .
This systematic review aimed to study the effect of Anethum Graveolens Linn ( Dill ) on the duration of labor .
METHODS : We conducted a search on PubMed , Scopus , Cochrane central , Web of Science , and MEDLINE .
All randomized controlled trials and observational studies evaluating the effect of Dill seeds on labor were recruited .
The mean differences ( MD ) with 95 % CI were calculated .
RESULTS : Two RCTs showed that using Dill seeds could significantly reduce duration @ @ @ @ @ @ @ -43.66 , 95 % CI [ -52.99 , - 34.33 ] ) , second stage ( MD = -15.76 , 95 % CI [ -20.06 , -11.47 ] ) and third stage of labor ( MD = -1.79 , 95 % CI [ -2.62 , -0.95 ] ) .
Two retrospective cohort studies showed a significant reduction in the first , and second stages of labor .
CONCLUSION : Using Dill seeds could reduce the duration of labor .
Using this herb in low-risk pregnant women is recommended .
Systematic review registration number @ @ @

BACKGROUND: It is well documented that prolonged labor is associated with complications. This systematic review aimed to study the effect of Anethum Graveolens Linn (Dill) on the duration of labor.
METHODS: We conducted a search on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane central, Web of Science, and MEDLINE. All randomized controlled trials and observational studies evaluating the effect of Dill seeds on labor were recruited. The mean differences (MD) with 95% CI were calculated.
RESULTS: Two RCTs showed that using Dill seeds could significantly reduce duration of the first stage (MD = -43.66, 95% CI [-52.99, - 34.33]), second stage (MD = -15.76, 95% CI [-20.06, -11.47]) and third stage of labor (MD = -1.79, 95% CI [-2.62, -0.95]). Two retrospective cohort studies showed a significant reduction in the first, and second stages of labor.
CONCLUSION: Using Dill seeds could reduce the duration of labor. Using this herb in low-risk pregnant women is recommended. Systematic review registration number: CRD42020145225.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Anticancer potential of garlic and its bioactive constituents: A systematic and comprehensive review

Anticancer potential of garlic and its bioactive constituents: A systematic and comprehensive review.

Vegetables of the Allium genus , such as garlic ( Allium sativum L. ) , onions , shallots , leaks , and chives , have been used for many years for food consumption and for medicinal purposes .
Historical medical texts have indicated the therapeutic applications of garlic as an antitumor , laxative , diuretic , antibacterial and antifungal agent .
Specifically , garlic 's antitumor abilities have been traced back 3,500 years as a chemotherapeutic agent used in Egypt .
Other beneficial effects of garlic consumption include lowering blood pressure , blood cholesterol , sugar and lipids .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the production of non-toxic organosulfur by-products .
These sulfur-containing compounds , such as allicin , diallyl sulfide , diallyl disulfide , diallyl trisulfide , alliin , S-allylcysteine , and S-allylmercaptocysteine , impact various stages of carcinogenesis .
The anticancer mechanisms of action of these garlic-derived phytochemicals include altering mitochondrial permeability , inhibiting angiogenesis , enhancing antioxidative and proapoptotic properties , and regulating cell proliferation .
All these effects of garlic 's sulfur-compounds have been demonstrated in various human cancers .
The intent of this literature research is to explore the potential of garlic-derived @ @ @ @ @ @ @ chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents .
This investigation employs criteria for systematic review and critically analyzes published in vitro , in vivo and clinical studies .
Concerns and limitations that have arisen in past studies regarding standards of measurement , bioavailability , and method of delivery are addressed .
Overall , it is hoped that through this systematic and comprehensive review , future researchers can be acquainted with the updated data assembled on anticancer properties of garlic and its phytoconstituents .

Vegetables of the Allium genus, such as garlic (Allium sativum L.), onions, shallots, leaks, and chives, have been used for many years for food consumption and for medicinal purposes. Historical medical texts have indicated the therapeutic applications of garlic as an antitumor, laxative, diuretic, antibacterial and antifungal agent. Specifically, garlic's antitumor abilities have been traced back 3,500 years as a chemotherapeutic agent used in Egypt. Other beneficial effects of garlic consumption include lowering blood pressure, blood cholesterol, sugar and lipids. The processing and aging of garlic result in the production of non-toxic organosulfur by-products. These sulfur-containing compounds, such as allicin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, alliin, S-allylcysteine, and S-allylmercaptocysteine, impact various stages of carcinogenesis. The anticancer mechanisms of action of these garlic-derived phytochemicals include altering mitochondrial permeability, inhibiting angiogenesis, enhancing antioxidative and proapoptotic properties, and regulating cell proliferation. All these effects of garlic's sulfur-compounds have been demonstrated in various human cancers. The intent of this literature research is to explore the potential of garlic-derived products and bioactive organosulfur compounds as cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. This investigation employs criteria for systematic review and critically analyzes published in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Concerns and limitations that have arisen in past studies regarding standards of measurement, bioavailability, and method of delivery are addressed. Overall, it is hoped that through this systematic and comprehensive review, future researchers can be acquainted with the updated data assembled on anticancer properties of garlic and its phytoconstituents.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-24--Allium ursinum and Allium oschaninii against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans mono- and po

Allium ursinum and Allium oschaninii against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans mono- and polymicrobic biofilms.

The present study assesses the in vitro antibiofilm potential activity of extracts of wildand .
The active ingredients of the extracts were obtained with a technique named Naviglio ( rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction , RSLDE ) which is based on an innovative and green solid-liquid extraction methodology .
The extracts were tested against models of mono- and polymicrobial biofilm structures of clinically antibiotic-resistant pathogens , ATCC 10031 andATCC 90028 .
Biofilms were studied using a static and a dynamic model ( microtiter plates and a CDC reactor ) on three different surfaces reproducing what happens on implantable medical devices .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ concentration ( MIC ) , while antibiofilm activity was assessed by minimum biofilm eradication concentration ( MBEC ) using a crystal violet ( CV ) biofilm assay and colony forming unit ( CFU ) counts .
Results showed that bothextracts eradicated biofilms of the tested microorganisms well ; biofilms on Teflon were more susceptible to extracts than those on polypropylene and polycarbonate , suggesting that when grown on a complex substrate , biofilms may be more tolerant to antibiotics .
Our data provide significant advances on antibiotic susceptibility testing of biofilms grown on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and in vivo applications .

The present study assesses the in vitro antibiofilm potential activity of extracts of wildand. The active ingredients of the extracts were obtained with a technique named Naviglio (rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction, RSLDE) which is based on an innovative and green solid-liquid extraction methodology. The extracts were tested against models of mono- and polymicrobial biofilm structures of clinically antibiotic-resistant pathogens,ATCC 10031 andATCC 90028. Biofilms were studied using a static and a dynamic model (microtiter plates and a CDC reactor) on three different surfaces reproducing what happens on implantable medical devices. Antimicrobic activities were determined through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), while antibiofilm activity was assessed by minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) using a crystal violet (CV) biofilm assay and colony forming unit (CFU) counts. Results showed that bothextracts eradicated biofilms of the tested microorganisms well; biofilms on Teflon were more susceptible to extracts than those on polypropylene and polycarbonate, suggesting that when grown on a complex substrate, biofilms may be more tolerant to antibiotics. Our data provide significant advances on antibiotic susceptibility testing of biofilms grown on biologically relevant materials for future in vitro and in vivo applications.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-26--Yoga may be an effective treatment for core Gulf War Illness symptoms of pain and fatigue.

Many Veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War report symptoms of Gulf War Illness , a condition involving numerous chronic symptoms @ @ @ @ @ and mood/cognition symptoms .
Little is known about this condition 's etiology and treatment .
@ @ @ @ @ a randomized controlled single-blind trial comparing yoga to cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain and @ @ @ @ @ Illness .
Participants were Veterans with symptoms of GWI : chronic pain , fatigue and @ @ @ @ @ were randomized to treatment via selection of envelopes from a bag ( 39 yoga , @ @ @ @ @ , which consisted of ten weekly group sessions .
The primary outcomes of pain severity @ @ @ @ @ Inventory- Short Form ) improved in the yoga condition ( Cohen 's d = .35 @ @ @ @ @ d = 0.69 , p

Many Veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War report symptoms of Gulf War Illness, a condition involving numerous chronic symptoms including pain, fatigue, and mood/cognition symptoms. Little is known about this condition's etiology and treatment. This study reports outcomes from a randomized controlled single-blind trial comparing yoga to cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain and other symptoms of Gulf War Illness. Participants were Veterans with symptoms of GWI: chronic pain, fatigue and cognition-mood symptoms. Seventy-five Veterans were randomized to treatment via selection of envelopes from a bag (39 yoga, 36 cognitive behavioral therapy), which consisted of ten weekly group sessions. The primary outcomes of pain severity and interference (Brief Pain Inventory- Short Form) improved in the yoga condition (Cohen's d = .35, p = 0.002 and d = 0.69, p < 0.001, respectively) but not in the CBT condition (d = 0.10, p = 0.59 and d = 0.25 p = 0.23). However, the differences between groups were not statistically significant (d = 0.25, p = 0.25; d = 0.43, p = 0.076), though the difference in an a-priori-defined experimental outcome variable which combines these two variables into a total pain variable (d = 0.47, p = 0.047) was significant. Fatigue, as indicated by a measure of functional exercise capacity (6-min walk test) was reduced significantly more in the yoga group than in the CBT group (between-group d = .27, p = 0.044). Other secondary outcomes of depression, wellbeing, and self-reported autonomic nervous system symptoms did not differ between groups. No adverse events due to treatment were reported. Yoga may be an effective treatment for core Gulf War Illness symptoms of pain and fatigue, making it one of few treatments with empirical support for GWI. Results support further evaluation of yoga for treating veterans with Gulf War Illness. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: clinicaltrials.gov Registration Number NCT02378025.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-26--Comparative effectiveness of breathing exercises in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary dise

Comparative effectiveness of breathing exercises in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE : This study aims to determine the best choice of breathing exercises ( BE ) for patients @ @ @ @ @ ( COPD ) via a network meta-analysis .
METHODS : We searched randomized controlled trials @ @ @ @ @ with COPD investigating any BEs in MEDLINE , Embase , Cochrane Library , and ClinicalTrials.gov @ @ @ @ @ comparative treatment on the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire as the outcome were analysed and ranked @ @ @ @ @ the cumulative classification curve ( SUCRA ) analysis .
RESULTS : The network meta-analysis included @ @ @ @ @ with four intervention groups , comprising control , diaphragmatic breathing training ( DBT ) , @ @ @ @ @ .
Performing SUCRA , we reported that yoga is 75 % likely to be the @ @ @ @ @ with 66 % , instead of 35 % for singing and 21 % for control @ @ @ @ @ yoga seem to be the best choices for breathing exercises in people with COPD .

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the best choice of breathing exercises (BE) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) via a network meta-analysis.
METHODS: We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with COPD investigating any BEs in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. The effects of comparative treatment on the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire as the outcome were analysed and ranked according to a surface under the cumulative classification curve (SUCRA) analysis.
RESULTS: The network meta-analysis included six RCTs involving 280 patients with four intervention groups, comprising control, diaphragmatic breathing training (DBT), yoga, and singing course. Performing SUCRA, we reported that yoga is 75% likely to be the best treatment available as DBT with 66%, instead of 35% for singing and 21% for control.
CONCLUSION: DBT and yoga seem to be the best choices for breathing exercises in people with COPD.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-25--Yoga for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and fall risk.

Background : Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy ( CIPN ) is a common , debilitating side effect that worsens quality of life and increases the risk of falls in cancer survivors .
Evidence of yoga 's safety and efficacy in treating CIPN is lacking .
Methods : In a randomized controlled study , we assigned breast and gynecological cancer survivors with persistent moderate-to-severe CIPN pain , numbness , or tingling with a score of 4 or greater ( 0-10 numeric rating scale [ NRS ] ) for at least 3 months after chemotherapy to 8 weeks of usual care or yoga focused @ @ @ @ @ @ @ endpoint was treatment arm differences for NRS , and secondary endpoints were Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity subscale ( FACT/GOG-Ntx ) , and Functional Reach Test after week 8 .
We tested treatment arm differences for each outcome measure using linear mixed models with treatment-by-time interactions .
All statistical tests were two-sided .
Results : We randomly assigned 41 participants into yoga ( n = 21 ) or usual care ( n = 20 ) .
At week 8 , mean NRS pain decreased by 1.95 points ( 95 % confidence @ @ @ @ @ @ @ -0.70 ) in yoga vs 0.65 ( 95 % CI = -1.81 to 0.51 ) in usual care ( = .14 ) .
FACT/GOG-Ntx improved by 4.25 ( 95 % CI = 2.29 to 6.20 ) in yoga vs 1.36 ( 95 % CI = -0.47 to 3.19 ) in usual care ( = .035 ) .
Functional reach , an objective functional measure predicting the risk of falls , improved by 7.14 cm ( 95 % CI = 3.68 to 10.59 ) in yoga and decreased by 1.65 cm ( 95 % @ @ @ @ @ @ @ usual care ( = .001 ) .
Four grade 1 adverse events were observed in the yoga arm .
Conclusion : Among breast and gynecological cancer survivors with moderate-to-severe CIPN , yoga was safe and showed promising efficacy in improving CIPN symptoms .

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, debilitating side effect that worsens quality of life and increases the risk of falls in cancer survivors. Evidence of yoga's safety and efficacy in treating CIPN is lacking.
Methods: In a randomized controlled study, we assigned breast and gynecological cancer survivors with persistent moderate-to-severe CIPN pain, numbness, or tingling with a score of 4 or greater (0-10 numeric rating scale [NRS]) for at least 3 months after chemotherapy to 8 weeks of usual care or yoga focused on breathwork and musculoskeletal conditioning. Primary endpoint was treatment arm differences for NRS, and secondary endpoints were Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity subscale (FACT/GOG-Ntx), and Functional Reach Test after week 8. We tested treatment arm differences for each outcome measure using linear mixed models with treatment-by-time interactions. All statistical tests were two-sided.
Results: We randomly assigned 41 participants into yoga (n = 21) or usual care (n = 20). At week 8, mean NRS pain decreased by 1.95 points (95% confidence interval [CI] = -3.20 to -0.70) in yoga vs 0.65 (95% CI = -1.81 to 0.51) in usual care (= .14). FACT/GOG-Ntx improved by 4.25 (95% CI = 2.29 to 6.20) in yoga vs 1.36 (95% CI = -0.47 to 3.19) in usual care (= .035). Functional reach, an objective functional measure predicting the risk of falls, improved by 7.14 cm (95% CI = 3.68 to 10.59) in yoga and decreased by 1.65 cm (95% CI = -5.00 to 1.72) in usual care (= .001). Four grade 1 adverse events were observed in the yoga arm.
Conclusion: Among breast and gynecological cancer survivors with moderate-to-severe CIPN, yoga was safe and showed promising efficacy in improving CIPN symptoms.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-25--Evaluating the effects of a yoga-based program integrated with third-wave cognitive behavioural ther

Evaluating the effects of a yoga-based program integrated with third-wave cognitive behavioural therapy on self-regulation in autism spectrum disorder.

Children on the autism spectrum may experience difficulties with the regulation of attention , thoughts , emotions , and behavior , understanding , and expressing their emotions appropriately , as well as anxiety , and sleep .
In autism research , contemplative practices that work through both body and mind have shown tentatively promising results .
However , there are limited studies on this topic , and the use of yoga to facilitate executive control has not been researched yet .
The Incredible Explorers ( 6-week program ) , a yoga-informed intervention program for children ( 8-12 years ) , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ children on the autism spectrum , the training could improve the ability to self-regulate , reduce anxiety and sleep problems , and increase awareness of emotions .
In our sample , 61 children with one of their parents completed the program .
Half of thegroup received the intervention , and the other half had to wait until the yoga group completed their trial .
The participants were asked to give their feedback immediately after program completion and at 6-week follow-up .
Compared to the group that was waiting to receive the intervention , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for their children in regulating their overall executive control immediately after the session and again at follow-up .
The parents reported a reduction in some of the sleep problems post-treatment .
Children indicated an improved ability to communicate theirfeelings and willingness to analyze their emotions post-intervention .
However , the study had several shortcomings and given that this was the first trial of the program , the results need to be interpreted with caution .
Further research is recommended .

Children on the autism spectrum may experience difficulties with the regulation of attention, thoughts, emotions, and behavior, understanding, and expressing their emotions appropriately, as well as anxiety, and sleep. In autism research, contemplative practices that work through both body and mind have shown tentatively promising results. However, there are limited studies on this topic, and the use of yoga to facilitate executive control has not been researched yet. The Incredible Explorers (6-week program), a yoga-informed intervention program for children (8-12 years), was developed to understand whether, for children on the autism spectrum, the training could improve the ability to self-regulate, reduce anxiety and sleep problems, and increase awareness of emotions. In our sample, 61 children with one of their parents completed the program. Half of thegroup received the intervention, and the other half had to wait until the yoga group completed their trial. The participants were asked to give their feedback immediately after program completion and at 6-week follow-up. Compared to the group that was waiting to receive the intervention, parents inthe yoga group reported significant gains for their children in regulating their overall executive control immediately after the session and again at follow-up. The parents reported a reduction in some of the sleep problems post-treatment. Children indicated an improved ability to communicate theirfeelings and willingness to analyze their emotions post-intervention. However, the study had several shortcomings and given that this was the first trial of the program, the results need to be interpreted with caution. Further research is recommended.