greenmedinfo--2020-05-27--Fucoidan immobilized at the surface of a fibrous mesh presents toxic effects over melanoma cells, bu

Fucoidan immobilized at the surface of a fibrous mesh presents toxic effects over melanoma cells, but not over non-cancer skin cells.

The use of fucoidan , a marine-origin bioactive polymer , is herein proposed as a component of an innovative and @ @ @ @ @ one of the rarest but most aggressive skin cancers .
First , fucoidan antitumor activity @ @ @ @ @ , was assessed presenting increased cytotoxicity over melanoma cells , when compared to human dermal @ @ @ @ @ this antitumor activity validation and trying to develop a more targeted and local strategy aiming @ @ @ @ @ over non-cancer cells , fucoidan was immobilized at the surface of electrospun nanofibrous mesh ( @ @ @ @ @ development of a therapeutic patch .
The maximum immobilization concentration was 1.2 mg mL -1 @ @ @ @ @ Blue Assay and confirmed by XPS .
Furthermore , NFM_Fu is more hydrophilic than NFM @ @ @ @ @ of 36º , lower than the 121º of the control condition .
NFM_Fu was able @ @ @ @ @ viability by 50 % without affecting human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes .
Taken together , @ @ @ @ @ basis for a valuable approach for melanoma treatment .

The use of fucoidan, a marine-origin bioactive polymer, is herein proposed as a component of an innovative and effective strategy against melanoma, one of the rarest but most aggressive skin cancers. First, fucoidan antitumor activity, in its soluble form, was assessed presenting increased cytotoxicity over melanoma cells, when compared to human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. After this antitumor activity validation and trying to develop a more targeted and local strategy aiming to diminish the cytotoxic effects over non-cancer cells, fucoidan was immobilized at the surface of electrospun nanofibrous mesh (Fu_NFM), envisioning the development of a therapeutic patch. The maximum immobilization concentration was 1.2 mg mL -1, determined by the Toluidine Blue Assay and confirmed by XPS. Furthermore, NFM_Fu is more hydrophilic than NFM, presenting a contact angle of 36º, lower than the 121º of the control condition. NFM_Fu was able to reduce human melanoma cells viability by 50% without affecting human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Taken together, these results may set the basis for a valuable approach for melanoma treatment.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--PycnoRacer® improved training, running distance, VO2max and PFR decreasing muscular pain and cramps.

BACKGROUND : This study evaluates the effects of training ( on running distance measured with a Cooper test ) in 3 weeks in non-professional athletes using PycnoRacer® , a fitness drink ( FD ) including Pycnogenol® during the training period .
METHODS : Pycnogenol® has been used in preclinical conditions and prevention .
PycnoRacer® is a liquid combination of Pycnogenol® ( 15 mg ) , L-leucine ( 0.6 g ) , L-arginine ( 0.3 g ) , L-isoleucine ( 0.3 g ) , and L-valine ( 0.3 g ) .
Two comparable groups ( one using the FD ) were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to drink one bottle 4 times/day , while 65 controls did not use PycnoRacer® or other comparable sports drinks .
All subjects had a strong athletic background and advanced knowledge of the procedures of the tests .
Two daily training sessions were completed .
The sessions consisted in warming up and running aCooper test .
RESULTS : 125 subjects completed the three weeks according to plans .
There were nine dropouts due to logistical or working problems .
Subjects using the FD improved on average by 18.83 % ( range 12-23 % ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The difference with controls was significant ( P < 0.05 ) at 3 weeks ( controls improved on average by 8.9 % ; range 3-17.4 % ) .
The difference between the two groups was on average 9.93 % ( P < 0.05 ) .
A comparable increase in VO2max was observed in the groups .
In the FD group the increase was on average by 10.05 mL/kg/min compared to 4.95 mL/kg/min in controls , with a difference of 5.1 mL/kg/min ( P < 0.05 ) .
A VAS score showed comparable values @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and cramps ) were observed in FD subjects ( P < 0.05 ) at the end of the 3 weeks of training .
The level of plasma free radicals ( PFR ) values after the last Cooper test was significantly lower at 3 weeks in the FD group ( P < 0.05 ) .
No intolerance problem was observed by subjects using the FD .
CONCLUSIONS : In conclusion , the use of PycnoRacer® improved training , running distance , VO2max and PFR decreasing muscular pain and cramps .

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the effects of training (on running distance measured with a Cooper test) in 3 weeks in non-professional athletes using PycnoRacer®, a fitness drink (FD) including Pycnogenol® during the training period.
METHODS: Pycnogenol® has been used in preclinical conditions and prevention. PycnoRacer® is a liquid combination of Pycnogenol® (15 mg), L-leucine (0.6 g), L-arginine (0.3 g), L-isoleucine (0.3 g), and L-valine (0.3 g). Two comparable groups (one using the FD) were formed: 60 training athletes were requested to drink one bottle 4 times/day, while 65 controls did not use PycnoRacer® or other comparable sports drinks. All subjects had a strong athletic background and advanced knowledge of the procedures of the tests. Two daily training sessions were completed. The sessions consisted in warming up and running aCooper test.
RESULTS: 125 subjects completed the three weeks according to plans. There were nine dropouts due to logistical or working problems. Subjects using the FD improved on average by 18.83% (range 12-23%) in their running distance with training. The difference with controls was significant (P<0.05) at 3 weeks (controls improved on average by 8.9%; range 3-17.4%). The difference between the two groups was on average 9.93% (P<0.05). A comparable increase in VO2max was observed in the groups. In the FD group the increase was on average by 10.05 mL/kg/min compared to 4.95 mL/kg/min in controls, with a difference of 5.1 mL/kg/min (P<0.05). A VAS score showed comparable values. Lower values (concerning muscular pain and cramps) were observed in FD subjects (P<0.05) at the end of the 3 weeks of training. The level of plasma free radicals (PFR) values after the last Cooper test was significantly lower at 3 weeks in the FD group (P<0.05). No intolerance problem was observed by subjects using the FD.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the use of PycnoRacer® improved training, running distance, VO2max and PFR decreasing muscular pain and cramps.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--This pilot registry indicates that pycnogenol can be safely used in subjects with lupus vasculitis w

This pilot registry indicates that pycnogenol can be safely used in subjects with lupus vasculitis with mild symptoms.

BACKGROUND : The aim of this pilot study was the supplementary management of minimal , residual symptoms of systemic Lupus ( SLE ) with vasculitis ( LV ) in remission phases , using a natural , anti-inflammatory , antioxidant agent ( Pycnogenol® ) extracted from French maritime pine bark .
Pycnogenol® has a significant clinical anti-inflammatory activity ; it is a standardized supplement with a high-safety profile .
METHODS : Subjects with Lupus vasculitis were included in the study .
The standard management ( SM ) was used in all subjects for 8 weeks ; one group added Pycnogenol® ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ : The two groups completing 8 weeks were comparable at baseline with 12 subjects managed with SM and 14 subjects supplemented with Pycnogenol® .
No side effects due to Pycnogenol® were observed ; Pycnogenol® was associated with an optimal tolerability .
The proportion of patients with photosensitivity , oral ulcers , renal-associated hematuria ( minimal ) , leukopenia , lymphopenia , thrombocytopenia , positive anti-DNA and positive antiphospolipids tests were significantly lower in the Pycnogenol® group ( P < 0.05 ) at 8 weeks in comparison with controls .
No difference in activity @ @ @ @ @ @ @ rash , serositis , anemia , neurological symptoms ( all mild at inclusion ) and anti-Smith .
Considering additional clinical parameters such as the need for corticosteroids , peripheral ischemia , oxidative stress , the effects of Pycnogenol® appeared to be superior to SM alone ( P < 0.05 ) .
The decrease in oxidative stress was significantly higher with Pycnogenol® ( P < 0.05 ) compared to SM .
This is particularly interesting as it has not been observed before in LV .
Considering microvascular parameters , the number of subjects with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ lower in the supplement group ( P < 0.05 ) and distal flux ( laser Doppler ) was higher with the supplement ( P < 0.05 ) at 8 weeks .
CONCLUSIONS : This pilot registry indicates that Pycnogenol® can be safely used in subjects with LV with mild symptoms ( in remission ) possibly avoiding some drug treatments that may cause side effects .
A larger study in progress is evaluating the effects of Pycnogenol® on recurrent symptoms in subjects in remission .

BACKGROUND: The aim of this pilot study was the supplementary management of minimal, residual symptoms of systemic Lupus (SLE) with vasculitis (LV) in remission phases, using a natural, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant agent (Pycnogenol®) extracted from French maritime pine bark. Pycnogenol® has a significant clinical anti-inflammatory activity; it is a standardized supplement with a high-safety profile.
METHODS: Subjects with Lupus vasculitis were included in the study. The standard management (SM) was used in all subjects for 8 weeks; one group added Pycnogenol® (150 mg/day) to SM.
RESULTS: The two groups completing 8 weeks were comparable at baseline with 12 subjects managed with SM and 14 subjects supplemented with Pycnogenol®. No side effects due to Pycnogenol® were observed; Pycnogenol® was associated with an optimal tolerability. The proportion of patients with photosensitivity, oral ulcers, renal-associated hematuria (minimal), leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, positive anti-DNA and positive antiphospolipids tests were significantly lower in the Pycnogenol® group (P<0.05) at 8 weeks in comparison with controls. No difference in activity between SM and supplementation was observed for rash, serositis, anemia, neurological symptoms (all mild at inclusion) and anti-Smith. Considering additional clinical parameters such as the need for corticosteroids, peripheral ischemia, oxidative stress, the effects of Pycnogenol® appeared to be superior to SM alone (P<0.05). The decrease in oxidative stress was significantly higher with Pycnogenol® (P<0.05) compared to SM. This is particularly interesting as it has not been observed before in LV. Considering microvascular parameters, the number of subjects with 'cold' hypoperfused thermographic areas was significantly lower in the supplement group (P<0.05) and distal flux (laser Doppler) was higher with the supplement (P<0.05) at 8 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS: This pilot registry indicates that Pycnogenol® can be safely used in subjects with LV with mild symptoms (in remission) possibly avoiding some drug treatments that may cause side effects. A larger study in progress is evaluating the effects of Pycnogenol® on recurrent symptoms in subjects in remission.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Pycnogenol may increase the cisplatin cytotoxicity in HeLa cells at nongenotoxic doses.

Objectives : In the treatment of cancer , it is intended to increase the anticancer effect and decrease cytotoxicity using various plant-derived phenolic compounds with chemotherapeutic drugs .
Pycnogenol ( PYC ) , a phenolic compound , has been the subject of many studies .
Since the mechanisms of the interactions of PYC with cisplatin need to be clarified , we aimed to determine the effects of PYC on cisplatin cytotoxicity in human cervix cancer cells ( HeLa ) and to evaluate the genotoxicity of PYC .
Materials and Methods : The cytotoxicity of cisplatin and PYC was measured by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ MTT ) assay in HeLa cells for 24 h and 48 h. The effect of PYC against oxidative DNA damage was evaluated using the comet assay .
Results : The ICvalues of cisplatin were 22.4μM and 12.3 μM for 24 h and 48 h , respectively .
The ICvalues of PYC were 261μM and 213 μM for 24 h and 48 h , respectively .
For 24 h exposure , PYC significantly reduced the ICvalue of cisplatin at the selected concentrations ( 15.6-500μM ) .
For 48 h exposure , PYC did not @ @ @ @ @ @ @ between 15.6 and 125 μM , but significantly reduced it at concentrations of 250 μM and 500 μM .
PYC alone did not induce DNA damage at concentrations of 10 μM or 25 μM ; however , it significantly induced DNA damage at higher concentrations ( 50-100 μM ) .
It also significantly reduced HO-induced DNA damage at all concentrations studied ( 10-100μM ) .
Conclusion : Our results suggest that PYC may increase the cisplatin cytotoxicity in HeLa cells at nongenotoxic doses .
The results might contribute to the anticancer effect of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ but in order to confirm this result furtherstudies with cancer cell lines andstudies are needed .

Objectives: In the treatment of cancer, it is intended to increase the anticancer effect and decrease cytotoxicity using various plant-derived phenolic compounds with chemotherapeutic drugs. Pycnogenol(PYC), a phenolic compound, has been the subject of many studies. Since the mechanisms of the interactions of PYC with cisplatin need to be clarified, we aimed to determine the effects of PYC on cisplatin cytotoxicity in human cervix cancer cells (HeLa) and to evaluate the genotoxicity of PYC.
Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of cisplatin and PYC was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in HeLa cells for 24 h and 48 h. The effect of PYC against oxidative DNA damage was evaluated using the comet assay.
Results: The ICvalues of cisplatin were 22.4μM and 12.3 μM for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The ICvalues of PYC were 261μM and 213 μM for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. For 24 h exposure, PYC significantly reduced the ICvalue of cisplatin at the selected concentrations (15.6-500μM). For 48 h exposure, PYC did not change the cytotoxicity of cisplatin at concentrations between 15.6 and 125 μM, but significantly reduced it at concentrations of 250 μM and 500 μM. PYC alone did not induce DNA damage at concentrations of 10 μM or 25 μM; however, it significantly induced DNA damage at higher concentrations (50-100 μM). It also significantly reduced HO-induced DNA damage at all concentrations studied (10-100μM).
Conclusion: Our results suggest that PYC may increase the cisplatin cytotoxicity in HeLa cells at nongenotoxic doses. The results might contribute to the anticancer effect of cisplatin with PYC in cervical carcinoma, but in order to confirm this result furtherstudies with cancer cell lines andstudies are needed.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Are Stay-at-Home Orders Decimating Vitamin D Levels?

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greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Antioxidative and immunoprotective potential of chlorella vulgaris dietary supplementation against c

Antioxidative and immunoprotective potential of chlorella vulgaris dietary supplementation against chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity.

This study highlighted the effects of chronic chlorpyrifos ( CPF ) exposure on Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) and the benefits of using dietary Chlorella vulgaris ( Ch ) to ameliorate CPF-induced toxicity .
Genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and stress-responsive proteins in the liver as well as cytokine expression in the spleen and head kidney were evaluated in O. niloticus fed with a basal diet or diets containing 1 , 2 , and 3 % of supplementary Ch against 15 mg/L CPF at 4 and 8 weeks .
CPF-exposed groups displayed a notable induction in the hepatic expression of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , and glutathione synthase/GSS , while glutathione reductase/GSR was markedly decreased .
The mRNA levels of interleukin 1β/IL-1β , TNF-α , transforming growth factor β1/TGFβ1 , and interleukin 8/ IL-8 in the spleen and head kidney increased significantly after CPF exposure .
Interestingly , Ch supplementation , particularly at levels 2 and 3 % , was able to modulate the stress and immune-related genes of Nile tilapia sub-chronically exposed to CPF .
These outcomes provide valuable insights regarding the toxic impact of chronic exposure to CPF in fish at the molecular level and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ vital roles .
Besides , our findings encourage adequate monitoring of pesticide levels owing to its impacts on fish health and human as a final consumer .

This study highlighted the effects of chronic chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposure on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the benefits of using dietary Chlorella vulgaris (Ch) to ameliorate CPF-induced toxicity. Genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and stress-responsive proteins in the liver as well as cytokine expression in the spleen and head kidney were evaluated in O. niloticus fed with a basal diet or diets containing 1, 2, and 3% of supplementary Ch against 15 mg/L CPF at 4 and 8 weeks. CPF-exposed groups displayed a notable induction in the hepatic expression of heat shock protein 70/hsp70, glutathione peroxidase/GPx, and glutathione synthase/GSS, while glutathione reductase/GSR was markedly decreased. The mRNA levels of interleukin 1β/IL-1β, TNF-α, transforming growth factor β1/TGFβ1, and interleukin 8/ IL-8 in the spleen and head kidney increased significantly after CPF exposure. Interestingly, Ch supplementation, particularly at levels 2 and 3%, was able to modulate the stress and immune-related genes of Nile tilapia sub-chronically exposed to CPF. These outcomes provide valuable insights regarding the toxic impact of chronic exposure to CPF in fish at the molecular level and a better understanding of the Ch dietary vital roles. Besides, our findings encourage adequate monitoring of pesticide levels owing to its impacts on fish health and human as a final consumer.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Spirulina Platensis supplementation coupled to strength exercise improves redox balance and reduces

Spirulina Platensis supplementation coupled to strength exercise improves redox balance and reduces intestinal contractile reactivity.

The blue algahas presented several pharmacological activities , highlighting its actions as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant .
In addition , there are few studies with the influence of strength training on physiological parameters , as intestinal contractility and oxidative cell damage .
We evaluated the influence ofsupplementation , strength training , and its association on contractile reactivity of rat ileum , as well as the balance of oxidative stress/antioxidant defenses .
Methods : Male Wistar rats were divided into ; sedentary ( S ) ; S + supplemented with algae at 50 ( S50 ) , 150 ( S150 ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ; trained ( T ) ; and T + supplemented ( T50 , T150 , and T500 ) .
Contractile reactivity was analyzed by kymographs ; oxidative stress on ileum by the malondialdehyde ( MDA ) formation ; and the antioxidant capacity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ( DPPH ) method.supplementation reduced the reactivity of rat ileum to carbachol ( CCh ) and KCl , while training reduced only the CCh efficacy .
In addition , association potentiated the reduction on contractile reactivity .
Supplementation reduced the oxidative stress and increased oxidation inhibition ; training alone @ @ @ @ @ @ @ association potentiated this beneficial effect .
Therefore , this study demonstrated that both supplementation and its association with strength training promote beneficial effects regarding intestinal contractile reactivity and oxidative stress , providing new insights for intestinal disorders management .

The blue algahas presented several pharmacological activities, highlighting its actions as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In addition, there are few studies with the influence of strength training on physiological parameters, as intestinal contractility and oxidative cell damage. We evaluated the influence ofsupplementation, strength training, and its association on contractile reactivity of rat ileum, as well as the balance of oxidative stress/antioxidant defenses. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into; sedentary (S); S + supplemented with algae at 50 (S50), 150 (S150), and 500 mg/kg (S500); trained (T); and T + supplemented (T50, T150, and T500). Contractile reactivity was analyzed by kymographs; oxidative stress on ileum by the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation; and the antioxidant capacity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.supplementation reduced the reactivity of rat ileum to carbachol (CCh) and KCl, while training reduced only the CCh efficacy. In addition, association potentiated the reduction on contractile reactivity. Supplementation reduced the oxidative stress and increased oxidation inhibition; training alone did not alter this parameter, however association potentiated this beneficial effect. Therefore, this study demonstrated that both supplementation and its association with strength training promote beneficial effects regarding intestinal contractile reactivity and oxidative stress, providing new insights for intestinal disorders management.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Gastro-protective potentials of spirulina: Role of vitamin B12.

Gastric ulcer is a chronic health problem world overis known to contain significant amounts of vitamin Bhencewas evaluated for gastroprotective @ @ @ @ @ SB ) andextract ( SE ) were evaluated in swim stress induced gastric ulcers in @ @ @ @ @ Both SB and SE inhibited 45 % and 60 % of ulcers formation induced by @ @ @ @ @ has been elucidated to be due to inhibition of ( a ) upregulated H , @ @ @ @ @ condition ; ( b ) lipid peroxidation and ( c ) altered antioxidant enzyme levels @ @ @ @ @ importance of vitamin Bin protecting the gut against gastric ulcerations and suggested that bothbiomass andextract @ @ @ @ @ be used as alternatives to gastroprotective agents that are known to cause acidity themselves upon @ @ @ @

Gastric ulcer is a chronic health problem world overis known to contain significant amounts of vitamin Bhencewas evaluated for gastroprotective properties against gastric ulcerations.biomass (SB) andextract (SE) were evaluated in swim stress induced gastric ulcers in adult male albino rats. Both SB and SE inhibited 45% and 60% of ulcers formation induced by swim stress respectively. Gastroprotection has been elucidated to be due to inhibition of (a) upregulated H, K-ATPase activity that induced ulcer condition; (b) lipid peroxidation and (c) altered antioxidant enzyme levels. The data highlighted the importance of vitamin Bin protecting the gut against gastric ulcerations and suggested that bothbiomass andextract contain bioavailable B.based product/food can be used as alternatives to gastroprotective agents that are known to cause acidity themselves upon long term use.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Extraction and characterization of phycocyanin from spirulina platensis and evaluation of Its antica

Extraction and characterization of phycocyanin from spirulina platensis and evaluation of Its anticancer, antidiabetic and antiinflammatory effect.

The phycocyanin was purified by Sephadex- G-100 and RP-HPLC and protein content was found to be 52.82 % and the high purity fraction was collected and RP-HPLC analysis of fractionated phycocyanin , theα-subunit and β-subunit were detected in 4.9 and 11.1 ( mAU ) .
The frequency of peak 1456.26 cmhas showed the CHbending vibration and the protein amide II band was detected at 1539.20 cm ( CO stretching ) and 2358.94 cm .
InH NMR analysis , 14 chemical shifts ( δ ) were observed and signals confirmed namely alkyl halide , alkene , aldehyde proton and carboxylic acid @ @ @ @ @ @ @ assessed by MTT assay against HepG-2 cell lines and in vivo antidiabetic effect was carried out through α-amylase and β-glucosidase enzyme inhibition methods.The promising anticancer effect 68 % was noticed at the concentration of 500 μg/ml and lower anticancer effect was noticed at the concentration of 100 μg/ml against Hep-G2 cell lines .
The α-amylase and β-glucosidase enzyme inhibition of phycocyanin showed dose dependent and maximum inhibitioneffect at 250 μg/ml .
Phycocyanin anti-inflammatory effect such as inhibition of albumin denaturation , antiproteinase , hypotonicity-induced haemolysis and anti-lipoxygenase activities have been recorded maximum level @ @ @ @ @ @ @ structure and high molecular weight withmore biomedical applications for drug development .

The phycocyanin was purified by Sephadex- G-100 and RP-HPLC and protein content was found to be 52.82% and the high purity fraction was collected and RP-HPLC analysis of fractionated phycocyanin, theα-subunit and β-subunit were detected in 4.9 and 11.1(mAU). The frequency of peak 1456.26 cmhas showed the CHbending vibration and the protein amide II band was detected at 1539.20 cm(CO stretching) and 2358.94 cm. InH NMR analysis, 14 chemical shifts (δ) were observed and signals confirmed namely alkyl halide, alkene, aldehyde proton and carboxylic acid. The in vivo anticancer effect was assessed by MTT assay against HepG-2 cell lines and in vivo antidiabetic effect was carried out through α-amylase and β-glucosidase enzyme inhibition methods.The promising anticancer effect 68% was noticed at the concentration of 500 μg/ml and lower anticancer effect was noticed at the concentration of 100 μg/ml against Hep-G2 cell lines. The α-amylase and β-glucosidase enzyme inhibition of phycocyanin showed dose dependent and maximum inhibitioneffect at 250 μg/ml. Phycocyanin anti-inflammatory effect such as inhibition of albumin denaturation, antiproteinase, hypotonicity-induced haemolysis and anti-lipoxygenase activities have been recorded maximum level at 500 μg/ml. Phycocyanin have complex structure and high molecular weight withmore biomedical applications for drug development.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Spirulina lipids alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose

Spirulina lipids alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet.

High-fat and high-sucrose diet ( HFHSD ) -induced obesity leads to oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory status .
However , little is known about the beneficial effects of total lipids extracted from .
Hence , in the present study , lipids were extracted with chloroform/methanol ( SLC ) or ethanol ( SLE ) and then their effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in the mice fed a HFHSD were investigated .
The results show that the major lipid classes and fatty acid profiles of SLC and SLE were almost similar , but the gamma-linolenic acid ( GLA ) and carotenoid @ @ @ @ @ @ @ than that in SLC .
Dietary 4 % SLC or SLE for 12 weeks effectively decreased the hepatic lipid hydroperoxide levels as well as increased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in the mice fed a HFHSD .
In addition , supplementation with SLC and SLE also markedly decreased the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue of mice fed a HFHSD , and the effects of SLC and SLE were comparable .
These findings confirm for the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ oxidative stress and inflammation .

High-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD)-induced obesity leads to oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory status. However, little is known about the beneficial effects of total lipids extracted from. Hence, in the present study,lipids were extracted with chloroform/methanol (SLC) or ethanol (SLE) and then their effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in the mice fed a HFHSD were investigated. The results show that the major lipid classes and fatty acid profiles of SLC and SLE were almost similar, but the gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and carotenoid contents in SLE was a little higher than that in SLC. Dietary 4% SLC or SLE for 12 weeks effectively decreased the hepatic lipid hydroperoxide levels as well as increased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in the mice fed a HFHSD. In addition, supplementation with SLC and SLE also markedly decreased the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue of mice fed a HFHSD, and the effects of SLC and SLE were comparable. These findings confirm for the first time that dietarylipids could alleviate HFHSD-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--3% spirulina supplementation in high-energy diet ameliorated lipid metabolic disorder and oxidative

3% spirulina supplementation in high-energy diet ameliorated lipid metabolic disorder and oxidative stress.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spirulina supplementation in a high-energy ( HE ) diet @ @ @ @ @ status and immunity in Hu lambs .
The lambs were assigned to two groups receiving @ @ @ @ @ ST ) or a HE diet .
Each group was divided into three subgroups : @ @ @ @ @ ) , 1 % spirulina supplementation , or 3 % spirulina supplementation .
The body @ @ @ @ @ triacylglycerol and oxidative stress increased in lambs fed the HE diet .
However , 3 @ @ @ @ @ HE diet reduced above parameters and enhanced antioxidant capacity , including increased SOD activity and @ @ @ @ @ Longissimus thoracis et lumborum ( LTL ) .
Additionally , lambs receiving 3 % spirulina @ @ @ @ @ immunity-related parameters , including increased IgG concentration in serum and red and white blood cell @ @ @ @ @ 3 % spirulina supplementation in HE diet ameliorated lipid metabolic disorder and oxidative stress caused @ @ @ @ @

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spirulina supplementation in a high-energy (HE) diet on lipid metabolism, oxidative status and immunity in Hu lambs. The lambs were assigned to two groups receiving either a standard diet (ST) or a HE diet. Each group was divided into three subgroups: no spirulina supplementation (control), 1% spirulina supplementation, or 3% spirulina supplementation. The body fat, serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol and oxidative stress increased in lambs fed the HE diet. However, 3% spirulina supplementation in the HE diet reduced above parameters and enhanced antioxidant capacity, including increased SOD activity and T-AOC content in serum and Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL). Additionally, lambs receiving 3% spirulina supplementation showed an improvement in immunity-related parameters, including increased IgG concentration in serum and red and white blood cell counts. In conclusion, 3% spirulina supplementation in HE diet ameliorated lipid metabolic disorder and oxidative stress caused by a HE diet.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Spirulina has significant benefits for improving blood lipids.

Spirulina , a cyanobacteria commonly referred to as a blue-green algae , is one of the oldest lifeforms on Earth @ @ @ @ @ fresh and saltwater sources and is known for its high protein and micronutrient content .
@ @ @ @ @ the effects of spirulina on weight loss and blood lipids .
The currently literature supports @ @ @ @ @ reducing body fat , waist circumference , body mass index and appetite and shows that @ @ @ @ @ improving blood lipids .

Spirulina, a cyanobacteria commonly referred to as a blue-green algae, is one of the oldest lifeforms on Earth. Spirulina grows in both fresh and saltwater sources and is known for its high protein and micronutrient content. This review paper will cover the effects of spirulina on weight loss and blood lipids. The currently literature supports the benefits of spirulina for reducing body fat, waist circumference, body mass index and appetite and shows that spirulina has significant benefits for improving blood lipids.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Spirulina reduces diet-induced obesity through downregulation of lipogenic genes expression in Psamm

Spirulina reduces diet-induced obesity through downregulation of lipogenic genes expression in Psammomys obesus.

The present study evaluates the protective effect of spirulina against diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in , an animal model @ @ @ @ @ low-energy diet , in order to remain healthy .
However , under a standard laboratory @ @ @ @ @ , this animal exhibits insulin resistance , which occurs as a result of obesity.was maintained @ @ @ @ @ to evaluate the effect of spirulina on obesity development with a particular focus on glucose @ @ @ @ @ well as the mRNA expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines .
After 12 weeks of treatment @ @ @ @ @ a significant reduction in body weight gain , plasma glucose , insulin and triglyceride levels @ @ @ @ @ significant reduction in the mRNA expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and inflammation .
Spirulina @ @ @ @ @ and lipid metabolism .
These findings highlight the positive effect of spirulina on weight maintenance @

The present study evaluates the protective effect of spirulina against diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in, an animal model of metabolic syndrome.lives on a low-energy diet, in order to remain healthy. However, under a standard laboratory chow diet (SLCD), this animal exhibits insulin resistance, which occurs as a result of obesity.was maintained on SLCD, in order to evaluate the effect of spirulina on obesity development with a particular focus on glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as the mRNA expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. After 12 weeks of treatment with spirulina, there was a significant reduction in body weight gain, plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels. There was also a significant reduction in the mRNA expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and inflammation. Spirulina improved insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolism. These findings highlight the positive effect of spirulina on weight maintenance.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Spirulina intervention during adolescent period can protect against chronic stress-induced neuroanat

Spirulina intervention during adolescent period can protect against chronic stress-induced neuroanatomical biochemical, and molecular deficits in adulthood.

Objective : The amygdala structural and functional abnormalities have been implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders .
Given the important role of the amygdala in stress responses and the susceptibility of the females to adolescent stress , the present study investigated the beneficial effects ofmicroalgae ( SP ) as a neuroprotective supplement against adolescent stress-induced oxidative stress , brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) alterations , molecular and morphological remodeling in the basolateral amygdala ( BLA ) of adult female rats .
Methods : During the adolescent period ( PNDs 30-40 ) rats were subjected to restraint stress ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Then , the animals were subjected to 15 days treatment ( PNDs 41-55 ) with SP ( 200 mg/kg/day ) followed by biochemical ( BDNF and stress oxidative markers ) , molecular ( BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B [ TrkB ] mRNA expression ) , and morphological ( dendritic length and spines ) assessments in the BLA .
Results : The study revealed that adolescent stress decreased BDNF levels and reduced apical dendritic length and branch points of pyramidal neurons in the BLA .
In addition , chronic stress significantly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and TrkB mRNA expression in the BLA .
Treatment with SP alleviated both biochemical , molecular , and neuroanatomical deficits that induced by adolescent stress .
Conclusion : Our findings provide important evidence that SP as a non-pharmacological intervention during adolescent period can protect against chronic stress-induced neuroanatomical biochemical , and molecular deficits in adulthood , and thus , reduce stress-related disorders .

Objective: The amygdala structural and functional abnormalities have been implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the important role of the amygdala in stress responses and the susceptibility of the females to adolescent stress, the present study investigated the beneficial effects ofmicroalgae (SP) as a neuroprotective supplement against adolescent stress-induced oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) alterations, molecular and morphological remodeling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of adult female rats.
Methods: During the adolescent period (PNDs 30-40) rats were subjected to restraint stress (2 h/day for 10 days). Then, the animals were subjected to 15 days treatment (PNDs 41-55) with SP (200 mg/kg/day) followed by biochemical (BDNF and stress oxidative markers), molecular (BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B [TrkB] mRNA expression), and morphological (dendritic length and spines) assessments in the BLA.
Results: The study revealed that adolescent stress decreased BDNF levels and reduced apical dendritic length and branch points of pyramidal neurons in the BLA. In addition, chronic stress significantly increased oxidative stress parameters and decreased BDNF and TrkB mRNA expression in the BLA. Treatment with SP alleviated both biochemical, molecular, and neuroanatomical deficits that induced by adolescent stress.
Conclusion: Our findings provide important evidence that SP as a non-pharmacological intervention during adolescent period can protect against chronic stress-induced neuroanatomical biochemical, and molecular deficits in adulthood, and thus, reduce stress-related disorders.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Spirulina enhances bone modelling in growing male rats by regulating growth-related hormones.

In recent years , growth hormone deficiency in children has been treated with hormone therapy despite the possible significant side effects .
Therefore , it was deemed beneficial to develop functional foods or dietary supplements for safely improving children 's growth.is known for its high antioxidant , anti-aging , anti-cancer , and immunity-enhancing properties , as well as its high digestibility and high protein content , but little has been reported about its influence on bone development in children with a normal supply of protein .
In this study , we evaluated the effects of spirulina on the bone metabolism @ @ @ @ @ @ @ rats .
The animals were divided into four groups ( = 17 per group ) and were fed AIN93G diets with 0 % ( control ) , 30 % ( SP30 ) , 50 % ( SP50 ) , and 70 % ( SP70 ) of casein protein replaced by spirulina , respectively , for seven weeks .
We observed that spirulina enhanced bone growth and bone strength by stimulating parathyroid hormone and growth hormone activities , as well its increased antioxidant activity .
These results indicate that spirulina provides a suitable dietary @ @ @ @ @ @ @ benefits for growth improvement in early developmental stages .

In recent years, growth hormone deficiency in children has been treated with hormone therapy despite the possible significant side effects. Therefore, it was deemed beneficial to develop functional foods or dietary supplements for safely improving children's growth.is known for its high antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and immunity-enhancing properties, as well as its high digestibility and high protein content, but little has been reported about its influence on bone development in children with a normal supply of protein. In this study, we evaluated the effects of spirulina on the bone metabolism and antioxidant profiles of three-week-old growing male rats. The animals were divided into four groups (= 17 per group) and were fed AIN93G diets with 0% (control), 30% (SP30), 50% (SP50), and 70% (SP70) of casein protein replaced by spirulina, respectively, for seven weeks. We observed that spirulina enhanced bone growth and bone strength by stimulating parathyroid hormone and growth hormone activities, as well its increased antioxidant activity. These results indicate that spirulina provides a suitable dietary supplement and alternative protein source with antioxidant benefits for growth improvement in early developmental stages.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Spirulina platensis prevents oxidative stress and inflammation promoted by strength training.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Spirulina Platensis supplementation on selected blood markers of oxidative stress , muscle damage , inflammation , and performance in trained rats .
Rats ( 250 g - 300 g ) were submitted to a strength training program ( eight weeks ) , divided into four groups : control ( GT ) ( trained without supplementation ) , trained with daily-supplementation of 50 mg/kg ( GT50 ) , 150 mg/kg ( GT150 ) and 500 mg/kg ( GT500 ) .
Training consisted of a jump protocol in PVC-cylinder containing water @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
We evaluated the markers of oxidative stress ( malondialdehyde - MDA and antioxidant capacity ) and inflammation ( C-reactive protein ) at the end of the training .
Among groups submitted to strength training , concentration of C-reactive protein decreased after 8 weeks of intervention in the trained group and GT500 .
Strength training enhanced plasma MDA concentration of malondialdehyde with supplementation of S. platensis in GT150 and GT500 .
In plasma analysis , strength training enhanced the percentage of oxidation inhibition , with spirulina supplementation in rates of 150 and 500 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( in a dose-effect manner ) improved antioxidant capacity as well as attenuated exercise-induced increases in ROS and inflammation .
As a practical application , the use as high doses did not cause a reduction in positive physiological adaptations to exercise training .
Additional studies are necessary to test the application of Spirulina Platensis in other contexts , as collective sports ( basketball , football , soccer ) .

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Spirulina Platensis supplementation on selected blood markers of oxidative stress, muscle damage, inflammation, and performance in trained rats. Rats (250 g - 300 g) were submitted to a strength training program (eight weeks), divided into four groups: control (GT) (trained without supplementation), trained with daily-supplementation of 50 mg/kg (GT50), 150 mg/kg (GT150) and 500 mg/kg (GT500). Training consisted of a jump protocol in PVC-cylinder containing water, with increasing load over experimental weeks. We evaluated the markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde - MDA and antioxidant capacity) and inflammation (C-reactive protein) at the end of the training. Among groups submitted to strength training, concentration of C-reactive protein decreased after 8 weeks of intervention in the trained group and GT500. Strength training enhanced plasma MDA concentration of malondialdehyde with supplementation of S. platensis in GT150 and GT500. In plasma analysis, strength training enhanced the percentage of oxidation inhibition, with spirulina supplementation in rates of 150 and 500 mg/kg. Spirulina supplementation for 8 weeks (in a dose-effect manner) improved antioxidant capacity as well as attenuated exercise-induced increases in ROS and inflammation. As a practical application, the use as high doses did not cause a reduction in positive physiological adaptations to exercise training. Additional studies are necessary to test the application of Spirulina Platensis in other contexts, as collective sports (basketball, football, soccer).


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Spirulina protein promotes skin wound repair in a mouse model of full-thickness dermal excisional wo

Spirulina protein promotes skin wound repair in a mouse model of full-thickness dermal excisional wound.

The skin protects body from environmental damage .
Skin wounds lead to microbial infection and harmful agent injury .
Thus , wound repair is crucial for the recovery of the normal function of skin tissue .
The present study investigated the promoting effects of spirulina protein ( SPCP ) in mice on skin wound repair and also aimed to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms .
The results revealed that SPCP promoted the skin wound repair in a mouse model of full‑thickness excisional wounds .
SPCP induced an increase in the expression level of α‑smooth muscle actin ( α‑SMA ) .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) and catalase ( CAT ) were enhanced by SPCP treatment in the granulation tissue .
In addition , SPCP decreased the level of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) in the granulation tissue .
Western blot analysis revealed that SPCP enhanced the phosphorylation and activation of protein kinase B ( Akt ) and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase ( ERK ) .
Moreover , the expression level of transforming growth factor β1 ( TGF‑β1 ) was increased in the SPCP‑treated groups .
The phosphorylation level of Smad2 was also increased by treatment of SPCP .
Furthermore @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the granulation tissue .
Taken together , these findings indicate that SPCP exerts a promoting effect on skin wound repair .
The Akt , ERK and TGF‑β1 signaling pathways are involved in this process .

The skin protects body from environmental damage. Skin wounds lead to microbial infection and harmful agent injury. Thus, wound repair is crucial for the recovery of the normal function of skin tissue. The present study investigated the promoting effects of spirulina protein (SPCP) in mice on skin wound repair and also aimed to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that SPCP promoted the skin wound repair in a mouse model of full‑thickness excisional wounds. SPCP induced an increase in the expression level of α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were enhanced by SPCP treatment in the granulation tissue. In addition, SPCP decreased the level of malondialdehyde(MDA) in the granulation tissue. Western blot analysis revealed that SPCP enhanced the phosphorylation and activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK). Moreover, the expression level of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) was increased in the SPCP‑treated groups. The phosphorylation level of Smad2 was also increased by treatment of SPCP. Furthermore, SPCP promoted the expression of collagen in the granulation tissue. Taken together, these findings indicate that SPCP exerts a promoting effect on skin wound repair. The Akt, ERK and TGF‑β1 signaling pathways are involved in this process.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Spirulina platensis-lipopolysaccharides mitigate the oxidative stress and impairment of rats' brain

Spirulina platensis-lipopolysaccharides mitigate the oxidative stress and impairment of rats' brain induced by nicotine.

In this study , we investigated the protective role of Spirulina platensis-lipopolysaccharides ( S-LPS ) and low dose-ionizing radiation ( LD-IR ) against prolonged administration of high nicotine concentration that induced neurotoxicity in the rats ' brain .
Rats treated with nicotine for two months showed alterations in the oxidative stress markers ( malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , reduced glutathione ( GSH ) and oxidized glutathione disulfide ( GSSG ) ) , antioxidant enzymes ( superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , catalase ( Cat ) , glutathione enzymes ( GPx and GST ) ) as well as several pro-inflammatory markers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Interleukin-17 ( IL-17 ) , and Nuclear Factor-kappa B ( NF-κB ) ) , and induced apoptosis through Caspase-3 activity .
Further , it upregulates the mRNA gene expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes ( CYP2B1 and CYP2E1 ) , Toll-Like Receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) , and Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 ( CDK5 ) .
Furthermore , it upregulates Phospho-Tau ( p-Tau ) protein expression .
Besides , it downregulates the alpha-7 nicotinic receptor ( α7nAChR ) mRNA expression accompanied by a decline in the calcium ( Ca ) level .
S.LPS exhibited @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of chronic nicotine administration .
LD-IR demonstrated comparable effects as S.LPS .
Exposure of rats to LD-IR enhanced the neuroprotective effects of S.LPS against nicotine toxicity .
The light microscopic examination of the brain tissues is in agreement with the biochemical investigations .
In conclusion : S.LPS and LD-IR mitigate the oxidative stress and impairment of rats ' brain induced by nicotine .

In this study, we investigated the protective role of Spirulina platensis-lipopolysaccharides (S-LPS) and low dose-ionizing radiation (LD-IR) against prolonged administration of high nicotine concentration that induced neurotoxicity in the rats' brain. Rats treated with nicotine for two months showed alterations in the oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG)), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (Cat), glutathione enzymes (GPx and GST)) as well as several pro-inflammatory markers (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), and Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB)), and induced apoptosis through Caspase-3 activity. Further, it upregulates the mRNA gene expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP2B1 and CYP2E1), Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4), and Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). Furthermore, it upregulates Phospho-Tau (p-Tau) protein expression. Besides, it downregulates the alpha-7 nicotinic receptor (α7nAChR) mRNA expression accompanied by a decline in the calcium (Ca) level. S.LPS exhibited neuroprotective activity by counteracting the detrimental effects of chronic nicotine administration. LD-IR demonstrated comparable effects as S.LPS. Exposure of rats to LD-IR enhanced the neuroprotective effects of S.LPS against nicotine toxicity. The light microscopic examination of the brain tissues is in agreement with the biochemical investigations. In conclusion: S.LPS and LD-IR mitigate the oxidative stress and impairment of rats' brain induced by nicotine.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Protective role of Spirulina platensis against bifenthrin-induced reprotoxicity.

The potential reprotoxicity of bifenthrin remains unclear if only the common clinical indicators of reproductive disease are examined .
The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of , a microalga rich in antioxidant compounds , against bifenthrin-induced testicular oxidative damage in male mice .
At the first , we demonstrate that administration of bifenthrin resulted in a decline of testosterone level and in deterioration of sperm quality that was correlated with significant transcription changes of some specific mRNA and microRNA involved in cholesterol transport , testosterone synthesis , and spermatogenesis .
At the biochemical level , we found that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ group , as evidenced by increase in malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , protein carbonyls ( PCO ) , reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , and nitrite oxide ( NO ) that was correlated with activation of genes related to mitochondrial apoptotic signal pathways .
We then brought , for the first time to our knowledge , solid and complete experimental evidences that administration of mice withextract was sufficient to protect against deleterious effects BF in testicular tissues by abrogating the change in antioxidant enzyme activities ; the increase in MDA , PCO @ @ @ @ @ @ @ altered expression level of miRNA and mRNA involved in spermatogenesis .
We finally demonstrate thatrestores the production of testosterone in mice as well as epididymal sperm viability and motility .
These results suggest a potential antitoxic activity of Tunisiandeserving further attention .

The potential reprotoxicity of bifenthrin remains unclear if only the common clinical indicators of reproductive disease are examined. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of, a microalga rich in antioxidant compounds, against bifenthrin-induced testicular oxidative damage in male mice. At the first, we demonstrate that administration of bifenthrin resulted in a decline of testosterone level and in deterioration of sperm quality that was correlated with significant transcription changes of some specific mRNA and microRNA involved in cholesterol transport, testosterone synthesis, and spermatogenesis. At the biochemical level, we found that oxidative stress was obvious in the bifenthrin group, as evidenced by increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PCO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitrite oxide (NO) that was correlated with activation of genes related to mitochondrial apoptotic signal pathways. We then brought, for the first time to our knowledge, solid and complete experimental evidences that administration of mice withextract was sufficient to protect against deleterious effects BF in testicular tissues by abrogating the change in antioxidant enzyme activities; the increase in MDA, PCO, and NO concentrations; and the altered expression level of miRNA and mRNA involved in spermatogenesis. We finally demonstrate thatrestores the production of testosterone in mice as well as epididymal sperm viability and motility. These results suggest a potential antitoxic activity of Tunisiandeserving further attention.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Fermented dairy foods rich in probiotics and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Probiotic foods , including fermented dairy ( FD ) products such as yogurt and cheese , naturally contain live microorganisms , but the relationship between the consumption of probiotic foods and health is unclear .
The aim of the present narrative review is to integrate the available information on the relationship between the most studied FD products , which are yogurt and cheese , and cardiometabolic risk factors obtained from meta-analysis , systematic reviews of prospective cohort studies ( PCSs ) and PCSs published up to 2 November 2019 .
Additionally , the effects identified by randomized controlled trials of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and kimchi , on cardiometabolic risk factors are provided .
PCSs have shown that the consumption of cheese , despite its high saturated fat content , is not associated with expected hypercholesterolemia and an increased cardiovascular risk .
PCSs have revealed that the total consumption of FD appears to be associated with a lower risk of developing stroke and cardiovascular disease .
The consumption of yogurt seems to be associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes .
There is a lack of sufficient evidence of a protective relationship between FD @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Moreover , the association of FD , cheese and yogurt with hypertension needs further evidence .
In conclusion , the intake of fermented foods containing probiotics , particularly yogurt and cheese ( of an undetermined type ) , opens up new opportunities for the management of cardiometabolic risk factors .

Probiotic foods, including fermented dairy (FD) products such as yogurt and cheese, naturally contain live microorganisms, but the relationship between the consumption of probiotic foods and health is unclear. The aim of the present narrative review is to integrate the available information on the relationship between the most studied FD products, which are yogurt and cheese, and cardiometabolic risk factors obtained from meta-analysis, systematic reviews of prospective cohort studies (PCSs) and PCSs published up to 2 November 2019. Additionally, the effects identified by randomized controlled trials of less-studied FD products, such as kefir and kimchi, on cardiometabolic risk factors are provided. PCSs have shown that the consumption of cheese, despite its high saturated fat content, is not associated with expected hypercholesterolemia and an increased cardiovascular risk. PCSs have revealed that the total consumption of FD appears to be associated with a lower risk of developing stroke and cardiovascular disease. The consumption of yogurt seems to be associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. There is a lack of sufficient evidence of a protective relationship between FD or cheese consumption and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the association of FD, cheese and yogurt with hypertension needs further evidence. In conclusion, the intake of fermented foods containing probiotics, particularly yogurt and cheese (of an undetermined type), opens up new opportunities for the management of cardiometabolic risk factors.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-29--Punicalagin protects diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy is a diabetic complication caused by chronic inflammation .
As the primary polyphenol in pomegranate , punicalagin is believed to have significant anti-inflammatory properties .
In this study , we established a mice model for diabetes induced by high-fat diet ( HFD ) / streptozotocin ( STZ ) to verify the protective effect of punicalagin in vivo .
The results show that the blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) , serum creatinine ( CREA ) , and the urine albumin to creatinine ratio ( UACR ) were significantly decreased in diabetic mice after punicalagin intervention , and the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ hypertrophy were alleviated .
Pyroptosis is an essential manner of programmed cell death in the inflammatory response ; the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins such as interleukin-1 ( IL-1β ) , cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 ( caspase-1 ) , gasdermin D ( GSDMD ) , and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain , leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing protein 3 ( NLRP3 ) was decreased in our study , which proved that the administration of punicalagin for eight weeks can significantly inhibit pyroptosis in mice .
In addition , punicalagin reduced high glucose-mediated protein expressions of nicotinamide @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 4 ( NOX4 ) and alleviated mitochondria damage .
Low expression of NOX4 inhibits the dissociation of thioredoxin ( Trx ) and thioredoxin-interacting protein ( TXNIP ) and the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation .
To summarize , our study provided evidence that punicalagin can alleviate diabetic nephropathy , and the effect is associated with downregulating the expression of NOX4 , inhibiting TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway-mediated pyroptosis , suggesting its therapeutic implications for complications of diabetes .

Diabetic nephropathy is a diabetic complication caused by chronic inflammation. As the primary polyphenol in pomegranate, punicalagin is believed to have significant anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we established a mice model for diabetes induced by high-fat diet (HFD)/ streptozotocin (STZ) to verify the protective effect of punicalagin in vivo. The results show that the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (CREA), and the urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) were significantly decreased in diabetic mice after punicalagin intervention, and the symptoms of glomerular interstitial hyperplasia and glomerular hypertrophy were alleviated. Pyroptosis is an essential manner of programmed cell death in the inflammatory response; the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins such as interleukin-1 (IL-1β), cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 (caspase-1), gasdermin D (GSDMD), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) was decreased in our study, which proved that the administration of punicalagin for eight weeks can significantly inhibit pyroptosis in mice. In addition, punicalagin reduced high glucose-mediated protein expressions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4) and alleviated mitochondria damage. Low expression of NOX4 inhibits the dissociation of thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. To summarize, our study provided evidence that punicalagin can alleviate diabetic nephropathy, and the effect is associated with downregulating the expression of NOX4, inhibiting TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway-mediated pyroptosis, suggesting its therapeutic implications for complications of diabetes.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-29--Natural plant extract berbamine is a potent inhibitor of cell growth and survival of human tenon's f

Natural plant extract berbamine is a potent inhibitor of cell growth and survival of human tenon's fibroblasts.

INTRODUCTION : Post-trabeculectomy scaring due to excessive proliferation of human Tenon 's fibroblasts ( HTFs ) often led to operation failure .
Developing a new anti-fibrosis drug with high efficacy to inhibit HTFs ' cell growth will greatly improve the effectiveness of trabeculectomy .
OBJECTIVE : This study aims to investigate the effect of berbamine ( BBM ) treatment on the cell growth and survival of HTFs .
METHODS : Cultured human fetal Tenon 's fibroblasts ( HFTFs ) were treated with or without different concentrations of BBM .
Cell morphology was observed with a phase contrast microscope .
A @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to determine cell viability and cell proliferation .
A scratch test was used to study cell migration .
Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining were performed to detect cell apoptosis .
The expression of BAX/BCL-2 , ERK and AKT/mTOR pathway components was determined by western blotting .
RESULTS : BBM treatment disrupted HFTF 's normal morphology and inhibited its cell growth in a dose-dependent manner .
Ki67 immunofluorescence and scratch assay showed BBM suppressed HFTF 's cell proliferation and migration .
Importantly , BBM dose-dependently increased the BAX/BCL-2 ratio and induced apoptosis in HFTF @ @ @ @ @ @ @ inhibited the ERK and AKT/mTOR pathway , and PTEN inhibition ameliorates the inhibitory effect of BBM on cell viability and survival in HFTFs .
CONCLUSIONS : BBM potently inhibits the cell growth and survival of HTFs through AKT/mTOR and has the potential to serve as an anti-fibrosis drug after trabeculectomy .

INTRODUCTION: Post-trabeculectomy scaring due to excessive proliferation of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) often led to operation failure. Developing a new anti-fibrosis drug with high efficacy to inhibit HTFs' cell growth will greatly improve the effectiveness of trabeculectomy.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the effect of berbamine (BBM) treatment on the cell growth and survival of HTFs.
METHODS: Cultured human fetal Tenon's fibroblasts (HFTFs) were treated with or without different concentrations of BBM. Cell morphology was observed with a phase contrast microscope. A CCK-8 method and Ki67 immunofluorescence were used to determine cell viability and cell proliferation. A scratch test was used to study cell migration. Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining were performed to detect cell apoptosis. The expression of BAX/BCL-2, ERK and AKT/mTOR pathway components was determined by western blotting.
RESULTS: BBM treatment disrupted HFTF's normal morphology and inhibited its cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Ki67 immunofluorescence and scratch assay showed BBM suppressed HFTF's cell proliferation and migration. Importantly, BBM dose-dependently increased the BAX/BCL-2 ratio and induced apoptosis in HFTF cells. Western blotting showed BBM significantly inhibited the ERK and AKT/mTOR pathway, and PTEN inhibition ameliorates the inhibitory effect of BBM on cell viability and survival in HFTFs.
CONCLUSIONS: BBM potently inhibits the cell growth and survival of HTFs through AKT/mTOR and has the potential to serve as an anti-fibrosis drug after trabeculectomy.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Berbamine ameliorates ethanol-induced liver injury by inhibition of hepatic inflammation.

Alcoholic liver disease ( ALD ) has become one of the leading causes of death in the world .
Berbamine ( BM ) , a natural product mainly derived from Berberis vulgaris L , possesses multiple bioactivities as a traditional medicine .
However , the protective effect of BM on ALD remains unknown .
In this study , we investigated the effect of BM on ethanol-induced hepatic injury in mice and its underlying mechanism .
It was shown that BM at 0.3125-40μmol·Lhad no effect on macrophages and hepatocytes proliferation .
BM at 5-20μmol·Lsignificantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) or acetate-induced @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cells .
Moreover , BM treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced p65 and STAT3 phosphorylation in RAW264.7 cells .
Hepatic histopathology analysis showed that inflammatory cells infiltration and lipid accumulation were suppressed by 25 and 50 mg·kgBM administration in ethanol-induced hepatic injury mouse model .
Meanwhile , BM treatment significantly inhibited serum ALT and AST levels in ethanol-fed mice .
Oil red O staining results showed that BM administration ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation in ethanol-fed mice .
Preventions of ethanol-induced hepatic injury by BM were reflected by markedly decreased serum and hepatic triglyceride ( TG @ @ @ @ @ @ @ contents .
Real-time PCR results showed that BM treatment significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in ethanol-fed mouse liver .
Remarkably , the mechanism of action of BM was related to the reduction of ethanol-induced NF-κB and STAT3 phosphorylation levels in liver .
In addition , BM treatment significantly inhibited ERK phosphorylation but not JNK and p38 of MAPK pathway .
Taken together , our results demonstrate a beneficial effect of BM on ethanol-induced liver injury via a mechanism associated with inactivation ofNF-κB , STAT3 and ERK pathway , which gives insight into @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of BM for ALD .

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has become one of the leading causes of death in the world. Berbamine (BM), a natural product mainly derived from Berberis vulgaris L, possesses multiple bioactivities as a traditional medicine. However, the protective effect of BM on ALD remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of BM on ethanol-induced hepatic injury in mice and its underlying mechanism. It was shown that BM at 0.3125-40μmol·Lhad no effect on macrophages and hepatocytes proliferation. BM at 5-20μmol·Lsignificantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or acetate-induced IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, BM treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced p65 and STAT3 phosphorylation in RAW264.7 cells. Hepatic histopathology analysis showed that inflammatory cells infiltration and lipid accumulation were suppressed by 25 and 50 mg·kgBM administration in ethanol-induced hepatic injury mouse model. Meanwhile, BM treatment significantly inhibited serum ALT and AST levels in ethanol-fed mice. Oil red O staining results showed that BM administration ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation in ethanol-fed mice. Preventions of ethanol-induced hepatic injury by BM were reflected by markedly decreased serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) contents. Real-time PCR results showed that BM treatment significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in ethanol-fed mouse liver. Remarkably, the mechanism of action of BM was related to the reduction of ethanol-induced NF-κB and STAT3 phosphorylation levels in liver. In addition, BM treatment significantly inhibited ERK phosphorylation but not JNK and p38 of MAPK pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate a beneficial effect of BM on ethanol-induced liver injury via a mechanism associated with inactivation ofNF-κB, STAT3 and ERK pathway, which gives insight into the further evaluation of the therapeutic potential of BM for ALD.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Vitamin D and Fish Oil May Help Prevent Cancer Death, Heart Attacks

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greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--A review of the chemopreventative and chemotherapeutic properties of the phytochemicals berberine, r

A review of the chemopreventative and chemotherapeutic properties of the phytochemicals berberine, resveratrol and curcumin.

Phytochemicals are a diverse group of compounds found in a variety of fruits , vegetables and herbs , and have been reported to possess a number of health benefits .
Marketed as supplements by health food retailers , this group of naturally occurring compounds have been investigated for a number of years to determine if they possess any chemopreventative and/or chemotherapeutic benefits .
In this comprehensive review , the phytochemicals resveratrol , berberine and curcumin will be discussed , with particular focus being given to their proposed anti-cancer applications .
The purpose of this review is to help clarify whether @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that are regularly made regarding the efficacy of these compounds .
To this end , a number of significant studies that involved the use of these phytochemicals will be identified , discussed and evaluated , to determine if they show promise in the ongoing fight to reduce the incidence rates and severity of various cancers .
Specifically , it is the aim of this review , to present and discuss key studies performed over the last two decades using these compounds , and to evaluate , compare , and contrast their effectiveness as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the reader with an overarching picture of how these structurally similar phytochemicals might be used in both clinical and non-clinical settings , as a part of the ongoing effort by clinicians , to help to slow down the increasing rate of cancers observed over the last few decades .
This article is protected by copyright .
All rights reserved .

Phytochemicals are a diverse group of compounds found in a variety of fruits, vegetables and herbs, and have been reported to possess a number of health benefits. Marketed as supplements by health food retailers, this group of naturally occurring compounds have been investigated for a number of years to determine if they possess any chemopreventative and/or chemotherapeutic benefits. In this comprehensive review, the phytochemicals resveratrol, berberine and curcumin will be discussed, with particular focus being given to their proposed anti-cancer applications. The purpose of this review is to help clarify whether there is any truth in the claims that are regularly made regarding the efficacy of these compounds. To this end, a number of significant studies that involved the use of these phytochemicals will be identified, discussed and evaluated, to determine if they show promise in the ongoing fight to reduce the incidence rates and severity of various cancers. Specifically, it is the aim of this review, to present and discuss key studies performed over the last two decades using these compounds, and to evaluate, compare, and contrast their effectiveness as chemopreventatives and chemotherapeutics. This should provide the reader with an overarching picture of how these structurally similar phytochemicals might be used in both clinical and non-clinical settings, as a part of the ongoing effort by clinicians, to help to slow down the increasing rate of cancers observed over the last few decades. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Berberine represses human gastric cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

Berberine , an isoquinoline alkaloid from Coptidis Rhizoma , has been characterized as a potential anticancer drug due to its good anti-tumor effects .
However , the molecular mechanisms involved in anti-gastric cancer remain poorly understood .
Herein , the role of berberine in gastric cancer suppression by inducing cytostatic autophagy in vitro and in vivo was first investigated .
Results showed that berberine induced an obvious growth inhibitory effect on gastric cancer BGC-823 cells without toxicity to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells .
Treatment with berberine triggered cell autophagy , as demonstrated by the punctuate distribution of monodansylcadaverine staining @ @ @ @ @ @ @ LC3-II , Beclin-1 and p-ULK1 promotion , and p62 degradation .
Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA , CQ , Baf-A1 and BECN1 siRNA obviously increased cell viability of berberine-exposed gastric cancer cells , which confirmed the anti-cancer role of autophagy induced by berberine .
Mechanistic studies showed that berberine inhibited mTOR , Akt and MAPK ( ERK , JNK and p38 ) pathways thereby inducing autophagy .
Inhibition of above pathways increases berberine induced autophagy and cytotoxicity .
Interestingly , mTOR/p70S6K was inhibited by the MAPK but not Akt .
Furthermore , inhibition @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Akt and MAPK .
In xenografts , the berberine induced autophagy leads to suppression of tumor proliferation with no side-effect , and western blotting displayed an apparent attenuation of p-mTOR , p-p70S6K , p-Akt , p-ERK , p-JNK and p-p38 in tumors from berberine treated mice .
Briefly , these results indicated that berberine repressed human gastric cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing cytostatic autophagy via inhibition of MAPK/mTOR/p70S6K and Akt , and provided a molecular basis for the treatment of gastric cancer .

Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid from Coptidis Rhizoma, has been characterized as a potential anticancer drug due to its good anti-tumor effects. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in anti-gastric cancer remain poorly understood. Herein, the role of berberine in gastric cancer suppression by inducing cytostatic autophagy in vitro and in vivo was first investigated. Results showed that berberine induced an obvious growth inhibitory effect on gastric cancer BGC-823 cells without toxicity to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Treatment with berberine triggered cell autophagy, as demonstrated by the punctuate distribution of monodansylcadaverine staining and GFP-LC3, as well as the LC3-II, Beclin-1 and p-ULK1 promotion, and p62 degradation. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA, CQ, Baf-A1 and BECN1 siRNA obviously increased cell viability of berberine-exposed gastric cancer cells, which confirmed the anti-cancer role of autophagy induced by berberine. Mechanistic studies showed that berberine inhibited mTOR, Akt and MAPK (ERK, JNK and p38) pathways thereby inducing autophagy. Inhibition of above pathways increases berberine induced autophagy and cytotoxicity. Interestingly, mTOR/p70S6K was inhibited by the MAPK but not Akt. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy reversed berberine down-regulated mTOR, Akt and MAPK. In xenografts, the berberine induced autophagy leads to suppression of tumor proliferation with no side-effect, and western blotting displayed an apparent attenuation of p-mTOR, p-p70S6K, p-Akt, p-ERK, p-JNK and p-p38 in tumors from berberine treated mice. Briefly, these results indicated that berberine repressed human gastric cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing cytostatic autophagy via inhibition of MAPK/mTOR/p70S6K and Akt, and provided a molecular basis for the treatment of gastric cancer.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-28--Berberine improves glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells through AMPKα1 activation.

Aim : This study is designed to investigate whether or not AMP-activated protein kinaseα1 ( AMPKα1 ) is required for natural product berberine ( BBR ) to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells .
Methods : AMPKα1 knocked-out ( KO , ) cells were obtained by co-transfection of the CRISPR/Cas9 KO and HDR ( homology-directed repair ) plasmid into HepG2 cells , as well as subsequent screen with puromycin .
The expression levels of target proteins or mRNAs were determined by western blot or real-time RT-PCR , respectively .
Cellular AMPK activity , glucose consumption , lactate release @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were determined by kits .
Results : The results showed that thegene was successfully KO in HepG2 cells .
Incells , the protein expression of AMPKα1 and phosphorylated-AMPKα1 ( p-AMPKα1 ) disappeared , the level of total AMPKα declined to about 45-50 % of wild type ( < 0.01 ) , while p-AMPKα level and AMPK activity were reduced to less than 10 % of wild type ( < 0.001 ) .
BBR increased p-AMPKα1 , p-AMPKα , AMPK activity , and stimulated glucose consumption , lactate release , inhibited glucose production in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ or < 0.01 ) .
BBR also reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and suppressed the expression of lipogenic genes in oleic acid ( OA ) treated wild type HepG2 cells ( < 0.05 or < 0.01 ) .
InHepG2 cells , the stimulating effects of BBR on p-AMPKα1 , p-AMPKα , AMPK activity , and its improving effects on glucose and lipid metabolism were completely abolished .
Conclusion : Our study proves that AMPKα1 plays a critical role for BBR to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells .
Our results will provide @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mechanisms of BBR .

Aim: This study is designed to investigate whether or not AMP-activated protein kinaseα1 (AMPKα1) is required for natural product berberine (BBR) to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells.
Methods: AMPKα1 knocked-out (KO,) cells were obtained by co-transfection of the CRISPR/Cas9 KO and HDR (homology-directed repair) plasmid into HepG2 cells, as well as subsequent screen with puromycin. The expression levels of target proteins or mRNAs were determined by western blot or real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Cellular AMPK activity, glucose consumption, lactate release, glucose production, and lipid accumulation were determined by kits.
Results: The results showed that thegene was successfully KO in HepG2 cells. Incells, the protein expression of AMPKα1 and phosphorylated-AMPKα1 (p-AMPKα1) disappeared, the level of total AMPKα declined to about 45-50% of wild type (<0.01), while p-AMPKα level and AMPK activity were reduced to less than 10% of wild type (<0.001). BBR increased p-AMPKα1, p-AMPKα, AMPK activity, and stimulated glucose consumption, lactate release, inhibited glucose production in wild type HepG2 cells (<0.05 or<0.01). BBR also reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and suppressed the expression of lipogenic genes in oleic acid (OA) treated wild type HepG2 cells (<0.05 or<0.01). InHepG2 cells, the stimulating effects of BBR on p-AMPKα1, p-AMPKα, AMPK activity, and its improving effects on glucose and lipid metabolism were completely abolished.
Conclusion: Our study proves that AMPKα1 plays a critical role for BBR to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. Our results will provide new information to further understand the molecular mechanisms of BBR.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-29--Sea-buckthorn flavonoids alleviate high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced cognitive impairment.

Sea-buckthorn flavonoids ( SFs ) have been used as functional food components for their bioactive potential in preventing metabolic complications @ @ @ @ @ as obesity and inflammation .
However , the protective effect of SFs on cognitive functions @ @ @ @ @ In this study , a high-fat and high-fructose diet ( HFFD ) -induced obese mice @ @ @ @ @ for 14 weeks .
It was found that the oral SF administration ( 0.06 % @ @ @ @ @ mixed in diet ) significantly reduced bodyweight gain and insulin resistance in the HFFD-fed mice @ @ @ @ @ neuronal loss and memory impairment in behavioral tests .
Additionally , SFs also suppressed the @ @ @ @ @ damages by increasing the protein expressions of PSD-95 .
Furthermore , SF treatment activated the @ @ @ @ @ inactivated the NF-κB signaling and its downstream inflammatory mediator expressions .
In conclusion , SFs @ @ @ @ @ prevent high-energy density diet-induced cognitive impairments , which could be possibly explained by their mediating @ @ @ @ @ inflammatory responses in thebrain .

Sea-buckthorn flavonoids (SFs) have been used as functional food components for their bioactive potential in preventing metabolic complications caused by diet, such as obesity and inflammation. However, the protective effect of SFs on cognitive functions is not fully clear. In this study, a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD)-induced obese mice model was treated with SFs for 14 weeks. It was found that the oral SF administration (0.06% and 0.31% w/w, mixed in diet) significantly reduced bodyweight gain and insulin resistance in the HFFD-fed mice. SFs significantly prevented HFFD-induced neuronal loss and memory impairment in behavioral tests. Additionally, SFs also suppressed the HFFD-induced synaptic dysfunction and neuronal damages by increasing the protein expressions of PSD-95. Furthermore, SF treatment activated the ERK/CREB/BDNF and IRS-1/AKT pathways and inactivated the NF-κB signaling and its downstream inflammatory mediator expressions. In conclusion, SFs are a potential nutraceutical to prevent high-energy density diet-induced cognitive impairments, which could be possibly explained by their mediating effects on insulin signaling and inflammatory responses in thebrain.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-29--Protective effects of isorhamnetin on pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH ) is a malignant disease with high mortality and closely involves the bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) pathway .
Mutations in BMPR2 caused proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells ( PASMCs ) leading to PAH .
Isorhamnetin , one of the main naturally occurring flavonoids extracted from Hippophae rhamnoides L , shows antiinflammatory and anti-proliferative properties .
Nevertheless , the effects of isorhamnetin on PAH remain unclear .
This study aimed to investigate whether isorhamnetin has protective effects against PAH and explore possible mechanisms .
An in vivo model of PAH induced by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and sildenafil and isorhamnetin were orally administered for 21 consecutive days .
An in vitro model induced by TNF-α was employed , and cell proliferation of HPASMCs was detected .
Results indicated that isorhamnetin significantly improved hemodynamic , histopathological , and echocardiographic changes in MCT-induced PAH in rats .
In vitro , isorhamnetin suppressed TNF-α-induced HPASMCs proliferation .
Furthermore , isorhamnetin improved protein expression of BMPR2 and suppressed protein expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in rat lungs .
Isorhamnetin improved protein expression of BMPR2 and p-smad1/5 and mRNA expression of Id1 and Id3 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in rats and inhibited TNF-α-induced HPASMCs proliferation by a mechanism likely involving the regulation of the BMP signaling pathway .

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a malignant disease with high mortality and closely involves the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. Mutations in BMPR2 caused proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) leading to PAH. Isorhamnetin, one of the main naturally occurring flavonoids extracted from Hippophae rhamnoides L, shows antiinflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. Nevertheless, the effects of isorhamnetin on PAH remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether isorhamnetin has protective effects against PAH and explore possible mechanisms. An in vivo model of PAH induced by monocrotaline (MCT) was employed, and sildenafil and isorhamnetin were orally administered for 21 consecutive days. An in vitro model induced by TNF-α was employed, and cell proliferation of HPASMCs was detected. Results indicated that isorhamnetin significantly improved hemodynamic, histopathological, and echocardiographic changes in MCT-induced PAH in rats. In vitro, isorhamnetin suppressed TNF-α-induced HPASMCs proliferation. Furthermore, isorhamnetin improved protein expression of BMPR2 and suppressed protein expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in rat lungs. Isorhamnetin improved protein expression of BMPR2 and p-smad1/5 and mRNA expression of Id1 and Id3 in HPASMCs. Isorhamnetin ameliorated MCT-induced PAH in rats and inhibited TNF-α-induced HPASMCs proliferation by a mechanism likely involving the regulation of the BMP signaling pathway.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-29--Antihypertensive effects of polyphenolic extract from Korean red pine.

Korean red pine ( Sieb .
et Zucc . )
bark is a by-product of the wood industry and contains a high level of antioxidative phenolics including flavonoids , which have a variety of beneficial health effects .
This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive effects ofbark extract ( Korean red pine bark extract ; KRPBE ) in spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHRs ) .
A group of Wistar-Kyoto rats ( WKRs ) as a normotensive group was orally fed tap water .
Four groups of SHRs were orally fed tap water , captopril ( a positive control ) , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mg/kg/day of KRPBE , respectively .
Blood pressure of rats was measured once every week for seven weeks of oral administration .
After seven weeks , the lungs , kidneys , and serum were collected from rats , then angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) activity , angiotensin II content , and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) content were determined .
Blood pressure of the captopril- and KRPBE-treated groups was significantly lower than that of the SHR control group .
The ACE activity , angiotensin II content , and MDA content significantly decreased in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the SHR control group .
High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed six phenolics in KRPBE : protocatechuic acid , procyanidin B1 , catechin , caffeic acid , vanillin , and taxifolin .
KRPBE , which contains plenty of antioxidative phenolics , has antihypertensive effects partly due to reduction of ACE activity and angiotensin II content , and its antioxidative effect .

Korean red pine (Sieb. et Zucc.) bark is a by-product of the wood industry and contains a high level of antioxidative phenolics including flavonoids, which have a variety of beneficial health effects. This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive effects ofbark extract (Korean red pine bark extract; KRPBE) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). A group of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKRs) as a normotensive group was orally fed tap water. Four groups of SHRs were orally fed tap water, captopril (a positive control), 50 mg/kg/day of KRPBE, and 150 mg/kg/day of KRPBE, respectively. Blood pressure of rats was measured once every week for seven weeks of oral administration. After seven weeks, the lungs, kidneys, and serum were collected from rats, then angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, angiotensin II content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined. Blood pressure of the captopril- and KRPBE-treated groups was significantly lower than that of the SHR control group. The ACE activity, angiotensin II content, and MDA content significantly decreased in the captopril- and KRPBE-treated groups than those in the SHR control group. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed six phenolics in KRPBE: protocatechuic acid, procyanidin B1, catechin, caffeic acid, vanillin, and taxifolin. KRPBE, which contains plenty of antioxidative phenolics, has antihypertensive effects partly due to reduction of ACE activity and angiotensin II content, and its antioxidative effect.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-29--Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on obesity.

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease resulting from excessive fat accumulation and/or abnormal distribution caused by multiple factors .
As @ @ @ @ @ syndrome , obesity is closely related to many diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus @ @ @ @ @ coronary heart disease , stroke and cancer .
Hence , the problem of obesity can @ @ @ @ @ recent studies have shown that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ( GSPE ) has an antiobesity @ @ @ @ @ reviews the research progress and potential mechanism of GSPE emphasizing on obesity prevention and treatment @

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease resulting from excessive fat accumulation and/or abnormal distribution caused by multiple factors. As a major component of metabolic syndrome, obesity is closely related to many diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke and cancer. Hence, the problem of obesity cannot be ignored, and recent studies have shown that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has an antiobesity effect. This paper systematically reviews the research progress and potential mechanism of GSPE emphasizing on obesity prevention and treatment.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-29--Effects of grape seed extract on dyslipidaemia.

Data on the effect of grape seed extract ( GSE ) on lipid profiles are inconclusive .
We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials on the effect of GSE on serum lipid profiles .
The online databases of PubMed , ISI Web of Science , Scopus , ProQuest , Science Direct and Embase were searched for relevant publications until March 2019 , using MeSH and non-MeSH keywords .
Study selection , data extraction and quality assessment were completed independently by two investigators .
Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity @ @ @ @ @ @ @ using the Jadad scale .
Eleven randomised clinical trials involving 536 participants were included in the present meta-analysis .
Combining effect sizes from earlier studies , we found that GSE supplementation significantly decreased serum levels of LDL-cholesterol ( -0·17 mmol/l ; 95 % CI -0·34 , -0·01 ) and TAG ( -0·11 mmol/l ; 95 % CI -0·18 , -0·05 ) .
Although no overall significant effect of GSE supplementation on circulating total- and HDL-cholesterol levels was observed , there were significant reductions in these lipids in studies with < 10 weeks of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ dosages of < 300 mg/d of GSE .
In conclusion , GSE supplementation seems to favourably affect serum levels of LDL and TAG concentrations , but it did not affect total- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations .

Data on the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on lipid profiles are inconclusive. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials on the effect of GSE on serum lipid profiles. The online databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct and Embase were searched for relevant publications until March 2019, using MeSH and non-MeSH keywords. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were completed independently by two investigators. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. Assessment of study quality was conducted using the Jadad scale. Eleven randomised clinical trials involving 536 participants were included in the present meta-analysis. Combining effect sizes from earlier studies, we found that GSE supplementation significantly decreased serum levels of LDL-cholesterol (-0·17 mmol/l; 95 % CI -0·34, -0·01) and TAG (-0·11 mmol/l; 95 % CI -0·18, -0·05). Although no overall significant effect of GSE supplementation on circulating total- and HDL-cholesterol levels was observed, there were significant reductions in these lipids in studies with<10 weeks of intervention and those that had administered the dosages of<300 mg/d of GSE. In conclusion, GSE supplementation seems to favourably affect serum levels of LDL and TAG concentrations, but it did not affect total- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-29--Renal protective effects of grape seed extract treatment against eltroxin-induced hyperthyroidism, k

Renal protective effects of grape seed extract treatment against eltroxin-induced hyperthyroidism, kidney damage, and oxidative stress.

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of grape seed extract ( GSE ) in renal toxicity , oxidative stress , and Bcl-2 expressions in Eltroxin-induced hyperthyroidism to male mice .
GSE was evaluated through oral administration to male mice at dose 50 mg/kg daily for 3 consecutive weeks .
Eltroxin ( 100 μg/kg ) was administered to mice for 3 weeks , and the mice were posttreated with GSE for another 3 weeks .
Results revealed that GSE administered to normal mice did not produce any signs of toxicity and did not cause any biochemical or histopathological changes @ @ @ @ @ @ @ GSE daily for 3 weeks improved all examined biochemical or histopathological features .
Oral GSE can significantly normalize the elevated level of T3 and T4 in hyperthyroidism animals and elevated the reduced levels of TSH .
Moreover , serum urea , creatinine , and electrolyte levels were significantly improved .
GSE showed a potent antioxidant capacity in all oxidative stress markers assays ( TBARS , reduced GSH , GST , SOD , and CAT ) of kidney tissue homogenates .
Furthermore , histopathological examination of kidney tissue ofEltroxin + GSE-treated group confirms the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 .

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of grape seed extract (GSE) in renal toxicity, oxidative stress, and Bcl-2 expressions in Eltroxin-induced hyperthyroidism to male mice. GSE was evaluated through oral administration to male mice at dose 50 mg/kg daily for 3 consecutive weeks. Eltroxin (100 μg/kg) was administered to mice for 3 weeks, and the mice were posttreated with GSE for another 3 weeks. Results revealed that GSE administered to normal mice did not produce any signs of toxicity and did not cause any biochemical or histopathological changes. Posttreatment of Eltroxin-induced hyperthyroidism mice with GSE daily for 3 weeks improved all examined biochemical or histopathological features. Oral GSE can significantly normalize the elevated level of T3 and T4 in hyperthyroidism animals and elevated the reduced levels of TSH. Moreover, serum urea, creatinine, and electrolyte levels were significantly improved. GSE showed a potent antioxidant capacity in all oxidative stress markers assays (TBARS, reduced GSH, GST, SOD, and CAT) of kidney tissue homogenates. Furthermore, histopathological examination of kidney tissue ofEltroxin + GSE-treated group confirms the potential nephroprotective effect of GSE through increasing the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-29--Grape seed extract: having a potential health benefits.

Grapes are one of the most highly consumed fruits across the world .
In ancient Europe the leaves and the sap of grape plants has been used in traditional treatment for ages .
Besides being a wellspring for vitamins and fibre , the skin and seeds of grapes are highly rich in Polyphenols specifically proanthocyanidins , which can be used as a functional ingredient to address various health issues by boosting the natural bio-processes of the body .
Since , grape seeds are by product of wine making companies therefore can be easily procured .
The present review article briefly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ seed extract and different experimental studies were done which supports the beneficial health qualities of the extract .
Through different and various studies , it was proved that the proanthocyanidin rich grape seed extract provides benefits against many diseases i.e .
inflammation , cardiovascular disease , hypertension , diabetes , cancer , peptic ulcer , microbial infections , etc .
Therefore , beside from using it as a nutraceutical or cosmeceutical , as a result they may have a potential to substitute or complement in currently used drugs in the treatment of diseases @ @ @ @ @ @ @ formulations for better future prospective .

Grapes are one of the most highly consumed fruits across the world. In ancient Europe the leaves and the sap of grape plants has been used in traditional treatment for ages. Besides being a wellspring for vitamins and fibre, the skin and seeds of grapes are highly rich in Polyphenols specifically proanthocyanidins, which can be used as a functional ingredient to address various health issues by boosting the natural bio-processes of the body. Since, grape seeds are by product of wine making companies therefore can be easily procured. The present review article briefly describes the various pharmacological activities of grape seed extract and different experimental studies were done which supports the beneficial health qualities of the extract. Through different and various studies, it was proved that the proanthocyanidin rich grape seed extract provides benefits against many diseases i.e. inflammation, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, peptic ulcer, microbial infections, etc. Therefore, beside from using it as a nutraceutical or cosmeceutical, as a result they may have a potential to substitute or complement in currently used drugs in the treatment of diseases by developing it into other successful pharmaceutical formulations for better future prospective.