greenmedinfo--2020-06-07--Prophylactic activity of biogenic selenium nanoparticles against chronic toxoplasma gondii infection

Prophylactic activity of biogenic selenium nanoparticles against chronic toxoplasma gondii infection.

BACKGROUND : Studies showed that biogenic selenium nanoparticles ( SeNPs ) have a number of pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial ones .
OBJECTIVE : The present investigation assesses the efficacy of biogenic selenium nanoparticles ( SeNPs ) as a new patent against latent toxoplasmosis in mice model .
METHODS : Male BALB/c mice were orally treated with SeNPs at the doses of 2.5 , 5 , 10 mg/kg once a day for 14 days .
On the 15th day , the mice were infected with the intraperitoneal inoculation of 20-25 tissue cysts from the Tehran strain of Toxoplasma gondii .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ and the mRNA levels of TNF-α , IL-12 , IL-10 , IFN-γ , and inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) in mice of each tested group were measured .
Moreover , serum clinical chemistry factors in treated mice were examined to determine the safety of SeNPs .
RESULTS : The mean number of the brain tissue cysts was significantly ( P < 0.001 ) decreased in mice treated with SeNPs at doses 2.5 ( n=37 ) , 5 ( n=11 ) , and 10 mg/kg ( n=3 ) based on a dose @ @ @ @ @ @ @ n=587 ) .
The mRNA levels of IFN-γ , TNF-α , IL-12 , and iNO was significantly increased in mice treated with SeNPs at the doses 10 mg/kg compare with control subgroups ( p < 0.05 ) .
No significant variation ( p > 0.05 ) was observed in the clinical chemistry parametrs among the mice in the control subgroups compared with groups treated with SeNPs .
CONCLUSION : The results of the present study showed a new patent in the treatment of toxoplasmosis ; so that taking the biogenic selenium nanoparticles in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was able to prevent severe symptoms of the toxoplasmosis in mice model .
This indicated the prophylactic effects of SeNPs with no considerable toxicity against latent toxoplasmosis .
However , more studies are required to elucidate the correct anti-Toxoplasma mechanisms of SeNPs .

BACKGROUND: Studies showed that biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have a number of pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial ones.
OBJECTIVE: The present investigation assesses the efficacy of biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) as a new patent against latent toxoplasmosis in mice model.
METHODS: Male BALB/c mice were orally treated with SeNPs at the doses of 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg once a day for 14 days. On the 15th day, the mice were infected with the intraperitoneal inoculation of 20-25 tissue cysts from the Tehran strain of Toxoplasma gondii. The mean numbers of brain tissue cysts and the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10, IFN-γ, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in mice of each tested group were measured. Moreover, serum clinical chemistry factors in treated mice were examined to determine the safety of SeNPs.
RESULTS: The mean number of the brain tissue cysts was significantly (P<0.001) decreased in mice treated with SeNPs at doses 2.5 (n=37), 5 (n=11), and 10 mg/kg (n=3) based on a dose dependent manner compared with control group (n=587). The mRNA levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, and iNO was significantly increased in mice treated with SeNPs at the doses 10 mg/kg compare with control subgroups (p<0.05). No significant variation (p>0.05) was observed in the clinical chemistry parametrs among the mice in the control subgroups compared with groups treated with SeNPs.
CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed a new patent in the treatment of toxoplasmosis; so that taking the biogenic selenium nanoparticles in concentrations of 2.5-10 mg/kg for 2 weeks was able to prevent severe symptoms of the toxoplasmosis in mice model. This indicated the prophylactic effects of SeNPs with no considerable toxicity against latent toxoplasmosis. However, more studies are required to elucidate the correct anti-Toxoplasma mechanisms of SeNPs.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-07--Selenium levels were associated with several skin diseases and the disease severity.

BACKGROUND : Several studies have investigated the association between selenium levels and skin diseases , but reached inconsistent results .
OBJECTIVE : This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between selenium levels and skin diseases .
METHODS : A systematic search was conducted in public databases to identify all relevant studies , and study-specific standard mean differences ( SMD ) and 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) were pooled to compare the selenium levels between different groups .
RESULTS : Twenty-seven studies were identified with a total of 1315 patient and 7181 healthy controls .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ in selenium was found in patients with vitiligo ( SMD = 0.53 , 95 % CI : -0.40 to 1.45 ) , alopecia areata ( SMD = 0.47 , 95 % CI : -2.72 and 3.65 ) , or eczema ( SMD = 0.12 , 95 % CI : -0.24 to 0.48 ) .
A lower selenium level was found in patients with psoriasis ( SMD = -0.62 , 95 % CI : -1.15 to -0.10 ) , acne vulgaris ( SMD = -1.02 , 95 % CI : -1.45 to -0.60 ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , 95 % CI : -3.15 to -1.55 ) , and atopic dermatitis ( SMD = -2.62 , 95 % CI : -3.00 to -2.24 ) .
As for disease severity , severe patients had a higher selenium level than mild patients in psoriasis ( SMD = 0.72 , 95 % CI : 0.07-1.38 ) , but no difference was found in vitiligo ( SMD = -0.26 , 95 % CI : -2.38 to 1.85 ) and alopecia areata ( SMD = 0.46 , 95 % CI : -0.34 to 1.26 ) .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ several skin diseases and the disease severity , and high selenium levels tended to be a protective factor in certain skin diseases .

BACKGROUND: Several studies have investigated the association between selenium levels and skin diseases, but reached inconsistent results.
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between selenium levels and skin diseases.
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in public databases to identify all relevant studies, and study-specific standard mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled to compare the selenium levels between different groups.
RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies were identified with a total of 1315 patient and 7181 healthy controls. Compared with controls, no significant difference in selenium was found in patients with vitiligo (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI: -0.40 to 1.45), alopecia areata (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI: -2.72 and 3.65), or eczema (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI: -0.24 to 0.48). A lower selenium level was found in patients with psoriasis (SMD = -0.62, 95% CI: -1.15 to -0.10), acne vulgaris (SMD = -1.02, 95% CI: -1.45 to -0.60), chloric acne (SMD = -2.35, 95% CI: -3.15 to -1.55), and atopic dermatitis (SMD = -2.62, 95% CI: -3.00 to -2.24). As for disease severity, severe patients had a higher selenium level than mild patients in psoriasis (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.07-1.38), but no difference was found in vitiligo (SMD = -0.26, 95% CI: -2.38 to 1.85) and alopecia areata (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI: -0.34 to 1.26).
CONCLUSION: Selenium levels were associated with several skin diseases and the disease severity, and high selenium levels tended to be a protective factor in certain skin diseases.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-07--Apple consumption mediates significant gut microbial metabolic activity.

PURPOSE : Validated biomarkers of food intake ( BFIs ) have recently been suggested as a useful tool to assess adherence to dietary guidelines or compliance in human dietary interventions .
Although many new candidate biomarkers have emerged in the last decades for different foods from metabolic profiling studies , the number of comprehensively validated biomarkers of food intake is limited .
Apples are among the most frequently consumed fruits and a rich source of polyphenols and fibers , an important mediator for their health-protective properties .
METHODS : Using an untargeted metabolomics approach , we aimed to identify biomarkers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ apples impact on the human plasma and urine metabolite profiles .
Forty mildly hypercholesterolemic volunteers consumed two whole apples or a sugar and energy-matched control beverage , daily for 8 weeks in a randomized , controlled , crossover intervention study .
The metabolome in plasma and urine samples was analyzed via untargeted metabolomics .
RESULTS : We found 61 urine and 9 plasma metabolites being statistically significant after the whole apple intake compared to the control beverage , including several polyphenol metabolites that could be used as BFIs .
Furthermore , we identified @ @ @ @ @ @ @ significantly increasing in urine after apple consumption .
The multiomic dataset allowed exploration of the correlations between metabolites modulated significantly by the dietary intervention and fecal microbiota species at genus level , showing interesting interactions between Granulicatella genus and phenyl-acetic acid metabolites .
Phloretin glucuronide and phloretin glucuronide sulfate appeared promising biomarkers of apple intake ; however , robustness , reliability and stability data are needed for full BFI validation .
CONCLUSION : The identified apple BFIs can be used in future studies to assess compliance and to explore their health effects after @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of polyphenol microbial metabolites suggests that apple consumption mediates significant gut microbial metabolic activity which should be further explored .

PURPOSE: Validated biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) have recently been suggested as a useful tool to assess adherence to dietary guidelines or compliance in human dietary interventions. Although many new candidate biomarkers have emerged in the last decades for different foods from metabolic profiling studies, the number of comprehensively validated biomarkers of food intake is limited. Apples are among the most frequently consumed fruits and a rich source of polyphenols and fibers, an important mediator for their health-protective properties.
METHODS: Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, we aimed to identify biomarkers of long-term apple intake and explore how apples impact on the human plasma and urine metabolite profiles. Forty mildly hypercholesterolemic volunteers consumed two whole apples or a sugar and energy-matched control beverage, daily for 8 weeks in a randomized, controlled, crossover intervention study. The metabolome in plasma and urine samples was analyzed via untargeted metabolomics.
RESULTS: We found 61 urine and 9 plasma metabolites being statistically significant after the whole apple intake compared to the control beverage, including several polyphenol metabolites that could be used as BFIs. Furthermore, we identified several endogenous indole and phenylacetyl-glutamine microbial metabolites significantly increasing in urine after apple consumption. The multiomic dataset allowed exploration of the correlations between metabolites modulated significantly by the dietary intervention and fecal microbiota species at genus level, showing interesting interactions between Granulicatella genus and phenyl-acetic acid metabolites. Phloretin glucuronide and phloretin glucuronide sulfate appeared promising biomarkers of apple intake; however, robustness, reliability and stability data are needed for full BFI validation.
CONCLUSION: The identified apple BFIs can be used in future studies to assess compliance and to explore their health effects after apple intake. Moreover, the identification of polyphenol microbial metabolites suggests that apple consumption mediates significant gut microbial metabolic activity which should be further explored.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is effective and safe therapeutic approach for post-stroke depression.

OBJECTIVES : Post-stroke depression ( PSD ) is common consequence of stroke .
However , today the majority of PSD patients remains untreated or inadequately treated , especially in the developing countries .
Herein , we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen ( HBOT ) therapy for PSD .
PATIENTS AND METHODS : Seven electronic databases were comprehensively searched for randomized clinical trials ( RCTs ) from inception to May 2019 .
Outcome measures included response rate , depression severity , neurological deficit , physical disability and adverse events .
RESULTS : A total of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Patients in HBOT group had a higher response rate than patients in control group ( response rate : 69.4 % vs 51.2 % , odds ratio [ OR ] = 2.51 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] [ 1.83-3.43 ] , P = 0.000 ) .
HBOT significantly reduced Hamilton Depression ( HAMD ) -17 item scores ( weighted mean difference [ WMD ] = -4.33 , 95 % CI [ -4.82 to -3.84 ] , P = 0.000 ) , HAMD-24 item scores ( WMD = -4.31 , 95 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , P = 0.000 ) , National Institute of Health Stroke Scale ( NIHSS ) scores ( WMD = -2.77 , 95 % CI [ -3.57 to -1.98 ] , P = 0.000 ) , Chinese Stroke Scale ( CSS ) scores ( WMD = -3.75 , 95 % CI [ -5.12 to -2.38 ] , P = 0.000 ) and Modified Scandinavian Stroke Scale ( MASSS ) scores ( WMD = -3.66 , 95 % CI [ -6.26to -1.06 ] , P = 0.000 ) .
HBOT also improved Barthel Index ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ [ 7.98-13.37 ] , P = 0.000 ) .
In subgroup analysis , Group A of studies with hemorrhage patients accounting for less than 20 % achieved more reduction of HAMD 17-item score ( WMD = -4.47 , 95 % CI [ -5.17 to -3.77 ] , P = 0.000 ) than Group B of studies with hemorrhage patients no less than 20 % ( WMD = -3.73 , 95 % CI [ -4.20 to -3.26 ] , P = 0.000 ) .
In addition , patents with HBOT along with antidepressants treatment @ @ @ @ @ @ @ monotherapy .
Patients with HBOTmonotherapy achieve a slightly higher response rate than patients with antidepressants monotherapy ( OR = 1.29 , 95 % CI [ 1.04-1.60 ] , P = 0.000 ) .
Besides , HBOT group reported less adverse events ( 9.6 % vs16.6 % , P CONCLUSION : Based on our pooled analysis , HBOT is effective and safe therapeutic approach for PSD .
However , results should be cautiously interpreted due to a relatively poor methodological quality .

OBJECTIVES: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is common consequence of stroke. However, today the majority of PSD patients remains untreated or inadequately treated, especially in the developing countries. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen (HBOT) therapy for PSD.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seven electronic databases were comprehensively searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from inception to May 2019. Outcome measures included response rate, depression severity, neurological deficit, physical disability and adverse events.
RESULTS: A total of 27 RCTs involving 2250 participants were identified. Patients in HBOT group had a higher response rate than patients in control group (response rate: 69.4% vs 51.2%, odds ratio [OR] = 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.83-3.43], P = 0.000). HBOT significantly reduced Hamilton Depression (HAMD) -17 item scores (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -4.33, 95% CI [-4.82 to -3.84], P = 0.000), HAMD-24 item scores (WMD = -4.31, 95% CI [-5.01 to -3.62], P = 0.000), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (WMD = -2.77, 95% CI [-3.57 to -1.98], P = 0.000), Chinese Stroke Scale (CSS) scores (WMD = -3.75, 95% CI [-5.12 to -2.38], P = 0.000) and Modified Scandinavian Stroke Scale (MASSS) scores (WMD = -3.66, 95% CI [-6.26to -1.06], P = 0.000). HBOT also improved Barthel Index (WMD = 10.68, 95% CI [7.98-13.37], P = 0.000). In subgroup analysis, Group A of studies with hemorrhage patients accounting for less than 20% achieved more reduction of HAMD 17-item score (WMD = -4.47, 95% CI [-5.17 to -3.77],P = 0.000) than Group B of studies with hemorrhage patients no less than 20% (WMD = -3.73, 95% CI [-4.20 to -3.26], P = 0.000). In addition, patents with HBOT along with antidepressants treatment achieve superior results than patients with antidepressants monotherapy. Patients with HBOTmonotherapy achieve a slightly higher response rate than patients with antidepressants monotherapy (OR = 1.29, 95% CI [1.04-1.60], P = 0.000). Besides, HBOT group reported less adverse events (9.6%vs16.6%, P < 0.05). The most frequent side-effect of HBOT is ear pain (26 cases).
CONCLUSION: Based on our pooled analysis, HBOT is effective and safe therapeutic approach for PSD. However, results should be cautiously interpreted due to a relatively poor methodological quality.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--Hyperbaric oxygen therapy prevents subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced apoptosis and impaired contractil

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy prevents subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced apoptosis and impaired contractility of the rabbit bladder.

AIM : To explore the effects of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) on rabbit urinary bladder and to assess the potential protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy ( HBOT ) .
METHODS : A total of 15 male New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly to one of three groups : group I was spared as the control group ( n = 5 ) , group II was exposed to SAH , received no treatment , and acted as the SAH group ( n = 5 ) and group III was exposed to SAH and received five sessions of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ induction and was given twice daily for the first 2 days and once on the third day ) and acted as the treatment group ( n = 5 ) .
At 72 hours after the SAH induction , bladders from all animals were removed for in vitro organ bath experiments and biochemical analyses .
RESULTS : İsometric tension studies revealed that compared to group I , the contractile responses of the strips to carbachol in group II were significantly decreased whereas HBOT restored the contractile responses ( P CONCLUSIONS : Subarachnoid hemorrhage stimulates @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the contractile response of the rabbit bladder to carbachol .
HBOT creates a protective effect in rabbit bladder tissues and restores SAH-induced changes .

AIM: To explore the effects of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on rabbit urinary bladder and to assess the potential protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).
METHODS: A total of 15 male New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly to one of three groups: group I was spared as the control group (n = 5), group II was exposed to SAH, received no treatment, and acted as the SAH group (n = 5) and group III was exposed to SAH and received five sessions of HBOT (started 12 hours after SAH induction and was given twice daily for the first 2 days and once on the third day) and acted as the treatment group (n = 5). At 72 hours after the SAH induction, bladders from all animals were removed for in vitro organ bath experiments and biochemical analyses.
RESULTS: İsometric tension studies revealed that compared to group I, the contractile responses of the strips to carbachol in group II were significantly decreased whereas HBOT restored the contractile responses (P < .05). Caspase-3 and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities of bladder tissues were significantly increased in group II when compared with group I, whereas caspase-3 and NOS activities were significantly decreased in the tissues of group III (P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS: Subarachnoid hemorrhage stimulates apoptosis of the rabbit bladder and impairs the contractile response of the rabbit bladder to carbachol. HBOT creates a protective effect in rabbit bladder tissues and restores SAH-induced changes.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-07--Hyperbaric oxygen treatment and N-acetylcysteine ameliorate acetaminophen-induced liver injury in a

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment and N-acetylcysteine ameliorate acetaminophen-induced liver injury in a rat model.

An overdose of acetaminophen ( APAP ) produces centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis .
We aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine ( NAC ) only and hyperbaric oxygen ( O ( 2 ) ) treatment ( HBOT ) combined with NAC , and their anti-inflammatory properties in liver tissue .
In the current study , a total of 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups : sham , APAP , NAC , and NAC + HBOT .
In the APAP , NAC , and NAC + HBOT groups , liver injury was induced by oral administration of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ received 100 mg/kg NAC per day .
NAC + HBOT group received intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg/day NAC and were given HBOT at 2.8 ATA pressure with 100 % O ( 2 ) inhalation for 90 min every 12 h for 5 days .
Rats in the sham group received distilled water only by gastric tube .
All animals were killed on day 6 after APAP or distilled water administration .
Serum aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) activities , hepatic neopterin , tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) levels were measured .
There was a significant increase in serum AST and ALT activities in the APAP group compared with the sham group ( in both p = 0.001 ) .
NAC and NAC + HBOT groups had significant decreases in hepatic neopterin , TNF-α , and IL-6 levels comparedwith the APAP group .
APAP administration caused extensive hepatic necrosis .
NAC and NAC + HBO treatments significantly reduced APAP-induced liver injury .
Our results showed that the liver damage in APAP toxicity was attenuated by NAC and NAC + HBO @ @ @ @ @ @ @ activity against APAP-induced liver injury in rats .

An overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) produces centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis. We aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) only and hyperbaric oxygen (O(2)) treatment (HBOT) combined with NAC, and their anti-inflammatory properties in liver tissue. In the current study, a total of 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: sham, APAP, NAC, and NAC + HBOT. In the APAP, NAC, and NAC + HBOT groups, liver injury was induced by oral administration of 1 g/kg APAP. The NAC group received 100 mg/kg NAC per day. NAC + HBOT group received intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg/day NAC and were given HBOT at 2.8 ATA pressure with 100% O(2) inhalation for 90 min every 12 h for 5 days. Rats in the sham group received distilled water only by gastric tube. All animals were killed on day 6 after APAP or distilled water administration. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, hepatic neopterin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured. There was a significant increase in serum AST and ALT activities in the APAP group compared with the sham group (in both p = 0.001). NAC and NAC + HBOT groups had significant decreases in hepatic neopterin, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels comparedwith the APAP group. APAP administration caused extensive hepatic necrosis. NAC and NAC + HBO treatments significantly reduced APAP-induced liver injury. Our results showed that the liver damage in APAP toxicity was attenuated by NAC and NAC + HBO treatments. NAC + HBOT exhibit hepatoprotective activity against APAP-induced liver injury in rats.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-07--Hepatoprotective property of oral silymarin is comparable to N-Acetyl cysteine in acetaminophen pois

Hepatoprotective property of oral silymarin is comparable to N-Acetyl cysteine in acetaminophen poisoning.

BACKGROUND : N-Acetyl Cysteine ( NAC ) is usually used as antidote for prevention of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity .
In present study we have evaluated efficacy of oral silymarin in its prevention in rats intoxicated with lethal dose of acetaminophen .
METHODS : A total of 50 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups .
The first group received only vehicle of acetaminophen and served as control .
The second group was given 800 mg/kg acetaminophen by gavage with an orogastric canula .
The third , fourth and fifth groups were given 300 mg/kg NAC and 150 and 300 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ AST , ALT , and ALP and liver histopathology were employed for assessment of hepatotoxicity .
RESULTS : Mean serum ALT levels were significantly increased in the APAP group rats .
The mean serum ALT levels returned to normal in both NAC treated and silymarin treated groups .
Silymarin ( 150 mg/kg ) had prevented hepatocytes necrosis similar to NAC .
No severe hepatotoxicity were seen in groups 3 and 4 ; while it is seen in 70 % of animals in group 2 .
CONCLUSION : We found that a single dose @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) significantly attenuated acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rat .
Oral silymarin can be used in these patients instead of NAC .

BACKGROUND: N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) is usually used as antidote for prevention of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. In present study we have evaluated efficacy of oral silymarin in its prevention in rats intoxicated with lethal dose of acetaminophen.
METHODS: A total of 50 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. The first group received only vehicle of acetaminophen and served as control. The second group was given 800 mg/kg acetaminophen by gavage with an orogastric canula. The third, fourth and fifth groups were given 300 mg/kg NAC and 150 and 300 mg/kg silymarin respectively. Analysis of serum AST, ALT, and ALP and liver histopathology were employed for assessment of hepatotoxicity.
RESULTS: Mean serum ALT levels were significantly increased in the APAP group rats. The mean serum ALT levels returned to normal in both NAC treated and silymarin treated groups. Silymarin (150 mg/kg) had prevented hepatocytes necrosis similar to NAC. No severe hepatotoxicity were seen in groups 3 and 4; while it is seen in 70% of animals in group 2.
CONCLUSION: We found that a single dose of orally administered silymarin (150 mg/kg) significantly attenuated acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rat. Oral silymarin can be used in these patients instead of NAC.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-07--The hepatoprotective effect of prazosin is comparable to N- acetylcysteine against acetaminophen ind

The hepatoprotective effect of prazosin is comparable to N- acetylcysteine against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity.

BACKGROUND : Autonomic nervous system modulates acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity .
The purpose of the study was to determine the hepatoprotective effect ofα1 antagonist ( prazosin ) and β2 agonist ( salbutamol ) on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in mice .
METHODS : This experimental study was conducted at Post Graduate Medical Institute , Lahore in which 50 adult mice were divided in to five groups .
With the exception of normal control , hepatotoxicity was induced in all other study groups by giving single intraperitoneal injection of acetaminophen 300 mg/ kg .
First and second groups served as normal and toxic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ kg while third , fourth and fifth experimental groups were given N-acetylcysteine ( 300 mg/ kg ) , prazosin ( 0.18 mg/ kg ) and salbutamol ( 0.35 mg/kg ) intraperitoneally at 2,4 and 8 hours after acetaminophen injection .
Serum liver enzymes were analysed at 0 and 72 hours while histopathological finding were assessed at the end of study by using SPSS-20 .
RESULTS : All the groups treated with toxic dose of acetaminophen showed significant increase in serum ALT , i.e.
, B ( Toxic control 3372 % ) , C @ @ @ @ @ @ @ D ( Prazosin treated 582 % ) , E ( Salbutamol treated 3297 % ) and AST levels , i.e.
, B ( Toxic control 2750 % ) , C ( NAC treated 230 % ) , D ( Prazosin treated 280 % ) , E ( Salbutamol treated 828 % ) with p-value˂0.001 .
When this increase was compared between groups , the lowest increase in serum ALT and AST levels was observed in Nacetylcysteine and prazosin group with no significant difference .
Similarly , experimental animals receiving prazosin and N-acetylcysteine had @ @ @ @ @ @ @ scores than the toxic control group in histopathological analysis of the liver with p-value < 0.001 .
CONCLUSIONS : The hepatoprotective effect of prazosin is comparable to N- acetylcysteine against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in mice .

BACKGROUND: Autonomic nervous system modulates acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity. The purpose of the study was to determine the hepatoprotective effect ofα1 antagonist (prazosin) and β2 agonist (salbutamol) on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
METHODS: This experimental study was conducted at Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore in which 50 adult mice were divided in to five groups. With the exception of normal control, hepatotoxicity was induced in all other study groups by giving single intraperitoneal injection of acetaminophen 300 mg/ kg. First and second groups served as normal and toxic control were given distilled water 6 ml/ kg while third, fourth and fifth experimental groups were given N-acetylcysteine (300 mg/ kg), prazosin (0.18 mg/ kg) and salbutamol (0.35 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at 2,4 and 8 hours after acetaminophen injection. Serum liver enzymes were analysed at 0 and 72 hours while histopathological finding were assessed at the end of study by using SPSS-20.
RESULTS: All the groups treated with toxic dose of acetaminophen showed significant increase in serum ALT, i.e., B (Toxic control 3372%), C (NAC treated 282%), D (Prazosin treated 582%), E(Salbutamol treated 3297%) and AST levels, i.e., B (Toxic control 2750% ), C (NAC treated 230% ), D (Prazosin treated 280%), E (Salbutamol treated 828%) with p-value˂0.001. When this increase was compared between groups, the lowest increase in serum ALT and AST levels was observed in Nacetylcysteine and prazosin group with no significant difference. Similarly, experimental animals receiving prazosin and N-acetylcysteine had the lowest inflammation, degeneration and necrosis scores than the toxic control group in histopathological analysis of the liver with p-value<0.001.
CONCLUSIONS: The hepatoprotective effect of prazosin is comparable to N- acetylcysteine against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in mice.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-07--Anti-leukemia activities of selenium nanoparticles embedded in nanotube consisted of triple-helix β-

Anti-leukemia activities of selenium nanoparticles embedded in nanotube consisted of triple-helix β-D-glucan.

Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) is a difficult therapeutic hematological tumor .
It is urgent to find a non-toxic @ @ @ @ @ .
Herein , the selenium nanoparticles ( SeNPs ) embedded in nanotubes consisted of triple @ @ @ @ @ ) -d-glucan ( BFP ) from the black fungus that were wrapped to form stable @ @ @ @ @ was self-assembled and exhibited high stability in water .
In vitro , the BFP-Se significantly @ @ @ @ @ cells and increased the cytotoxicity on AML cells .
On single-cell levels , the U937 @ @ @ @ @ lysed with BFP-Se treatment on optofluidics chips .
Further , the blood and bone marrow @ @ @ @ @ of BFP-Se in vivo .
Moreover , BFP-Se increased the total antioxidant capacity of AML @ @ @ @ @ of c-Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 and thioredoxin 1 .
Our results suggest that this @ @ @ @ @ nanoparticles would provide a novel strategy for AML therapy .

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a difficult therapeutic hematological tumor. It is urgent to find a non-toxic natural drug to treat AML. Herein, the selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) embedded in nanotubes consisted of triple helixβ-(1, 3)-d-glucan (BFP) from the black fungus that were wrapped to form stable inclusion complex BFP-Se, which was self-assembled and exhibited high stability in water. In vitro, the BFP-Se significantly inhibited the proliferation of AML cells and increased the cytotoxicity on AML cells. On single-cell levels, the U937 cells were gradually swelled and lysed with BFP-Se treatment on optofluidics chips. Further, the blood and bone marrow analysis indicated the anti-leukemia effects of BFP-Se in vivo. Moreover, BFP-Se increased the total antioxidant capacity of AML cells and decreased the expression of c-Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 and thioredoxin 1. Our results suggest that this biocompatible polysaccharide nanotube containing Se nanoparticles would provide a novel strategy for AML therapy.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--Psilocybin: from ancient magic to modern medicine.

Psilocybin ( 4-phosphoryloxy-N , N-dimethyltryptamine ) is an indole-based secondary metabolite produced by numerous species of mushrooms .
South American @ @ @ @ @ as teonanacatl , meaning '' god 's flesh , '' and they were used in @ @ @ @ @ Spanish missionaries in the 1500s attempted to destroy all records and evidence of the use @ @ @ @ @ , a 16th century Spanish Franciscan friar and historian mentioned teonanacatl in his extensive writings @ @ @ @ @ and leading to a decades-long search for the identity of teonanacatl .
Their search ultimately @ @ @ @ @ in a popular magazine , describing for the Western world the use of these mushrooms @ @ @ @ @ , and their active principle identified and chemically synthesized .
In the past 10-15 years @ @ @ @ @ indicated potential medical value for psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in treating depression , anxiety , and certain @ @ @ @ @ assuming that the early clinical studies can be validated by larger studies , psilocybin is @ @ @ @ @ impact on treatments available to psychiatric medicine .

Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is an indole-based secondary metabolite produced by numerous species of mushrooms. South American Aztec Indians referred to them as teonanacatl, meaning"god's flesh,"and they were used in religious and healing rituals. Spanish missionaries in the 1500s attempted to destroy all records and evidence of the use of these mushrooms. Nevertheless, a 16th century Spanish Franciscan friar and historian mentioned teonanacatl in his extensive writings, intriguing 20th century ethnopharmacologists and leading to a decades-long search for the identity of teonanacatl. Their search ultimately led to a 1957 photo-essay in a popular magazine, describing for the Western world the use of these mushrooms. Specimens were ultimately obtained, and their active principle identified and chemically synthesized. In the past 10-15 years several FDA-approved clinical studies have indicated potential medical value for psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in treating depression, anxiety, and certain addictions. At present, assuming that the early clinical studies can be validated by larger studies, psilocybin is poised to make a significant impact on treatments available to psychiatric medicine.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--Higher levels of medial prefrontal cortical glutamate were associated with negatively experienced eg

Higher levels of medial prefrontal cortical glutamate were associated with negatively experienced ego dissolution.

There is growing interest in the therapeutic utility of psychedelic substances , like psilocybin , for disorders characterized by distortions @ @ @ @ @ depression .
Accumulating preclinical evidence emphasizes the role of the glutamate system in the acute @ @ @ @ @ brain and behavior ; however this has never been tested in humans .
Following a @ @ @ @ @ group design , we utilized an ultra-high field multimodal brain imaging approach and demonstrated that @ @ @ @ @ induced region-dependent alterations in glutamate , which predicted distortions in the subjective experience of one @ @ @ @ @ ) .
Whereas higher levels of medial prefrontal cortical glutamate were associated with negatively experienced @ @ @ @ @ in hippocampal glutamate were associated with positively experienced ego dissolution .
Such findings provide further @ @ @ @ @ mechanisms of the psychedelic , as well as the baseline , state .
Importantly , @ @ @ @ @ neurochemical basis for therapeutic effects as witnessed in ongoing clinical trials .

There is growing interest in the therapeutic utility of psychedelic substances, like psilocybin, for disorders characterized by distortions of the self-experience, like depression. Accumulating preclinical evidence emphasizes the role of the glutamate system in the acute action of the drug on brain and behavior; however this has never been tested in humans. Following a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group design, we utilized an ultra-high field multimodal brain imaging approach and demonstrated that psilocybin (0.17 mg/kg) induced region-dependent alterations in glutamate, which predicted distortions in the subjective experience of one's self (ego dissolution). Whereas higher levels of medial prefrontal cortical glutamate were associated with negatively experienced ego dissolution, lower levels in hippocampal glutamate were associated with positively experienced ego dissolution. Such findings provide further insights into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of the psychedelic, as well as the baseline, state. Importantly, they may also provide a neurochemical basis for therapeutic effects as witnessed in ongoing clinical trials.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--A review of chronic pain and psychedelics.

The development of chronic pain is a complex mechanism that is still not fully understood .
Multiple somatic and visceral afferent pain signals , when experienced over time , cause a strengthening of certain neural circuitry through peripheral and central sensitization , resulting in the physical and emotional perceptual chronic pain experience .
The mind-altering qualities of psychedelics have been attributed , through serotonin 2A ( 5-HT ) receptor agonism , to 'reset ' areas of functional connectivity ( FC ) in the brain that play prominent roles in many central neuropathic states .
Psychedelic substances have a generally favorable @ @ @ @ @ @ @ opioid analgesics .
Clinical evidence to date for their use for chronic pain is limited ; however , several studies and reports over the past 50 years have shown potential analgesic benefit in cancer pain , phantom limb pain and cluster headache .
While the mechanisms by which the classic psychedelics may provide analgesia are not clear , several possibilities exist given the similarity between 5-HTactivation pathways of psychedelics and the nociceptive modulation pathways in humans .
Additionally , the alterations in FC seen with psychedelic use suggest a way that these agents @ @ @ @ @ @ @ connections seen in chronic pain states .
Given the current state of the opioid epidemic and limited efficacy of non-opioid analgesics , it is time to consider further research on psychedelics as analgesics in order to improve the lives of patients with chronic pain conditions .

The development of chronic pain is a complex mechanism that is still not fully understood. Multiple somatic and visceral afferent pain signals, when experienced over time, cause a strengthening of certain neural circuitry through peripheral and central sensitization, resulting in the physical and emotional perceptual chronic pain experience. The mind-altering qualities of psychedelics have been attributed, through serotonin 2A (5-HT) receptor agonism, to 'reset' areas of functional connectivity (FC) in the brain that play prominent roles in many central neuropathic states. Psychedelic substances have a generally favorable safety profile, especially when compared with opioid analgesics. Clinical evidence to date for their use for chronic pain is limited; however, several studies and reports over the past 50 years have shown potential analgesic benefit in cancer pain, phantom limb pain and cluster headache. While the mechanisms by which the classic psychedelics may provide analgesia are not clear, several possibilities exist given the similarity between 5-HTactivation pathways of psychedelics and the nociceptive modulation pathways in humans. Additionally, the alterations in FC seen with psychedelic use suggest a way that these agents could help reverse the changes in neural connections seen in chronic pain states. Given the current state of the opioid epidemic and limited efficacy of non-opioid analgesics, it is time to consider further research on psychedelics as analgesics in order to improve the lives of patients with chronic pain conditions.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--A case report of using Hawaiian baby woodrose to successfully alleviate symptoms of cluster headache

A case report of using Hawaiian baby woodrose to successfully alleviate symptoms of cluster headache and the accompanying mental health problems.

Preliminary evidence supports the efficacy of psychedelics in the alleviation of cluster headache and mental health problems .
We describe @ @ @ @ @ with cluster headache and mood disorder who claims to have benefited from her use of @ @ @ @ @ was referred to a private Australian mental health clinic for the management of chronic pain @ @ @ @ @ using Hawaiian baby woodrose to successfully alleviate symptoms of cluster headache and the accompanying mental @ @ @ @ @ also highlighted the potential therapeutic benefits of antiviral therapy .
This is the first case @ @ @ @ @ analgesic and psycho-spiritual effects of Hawaiian baby woodrose , with results in support of nascent @ @ @ @ @ The results of this case report highlight the need for further research into the use @ @ @ @ @ of cluster headache and mental illness .

Preliminary evidence supports the efficacy of psychedelics in the alleviation of cluster headache and mental health problems. We describe a case of an individual with cluster headache and mood disorder who claims to have benefited from her use of psychedelics. A forty-eight-year-old woman was referred to a private Australian mental health clinic for the management of chronic pain and depression. She reported using Hawaiian baby woodrose to successfully alleviate symptoms of cluster headache and the accompanying mental health problems. Incidental observation also highlighted the potential therapeutic benefits of antiviral therapy. This is the first case report to concurrently examine the analgesic and psycho-spiritual effects of Hawaiian baby woodrose, with results in support of nascent research in this field. The results of this case report highlight the need for further research into the use of psychedelics in the management of cluster headache and mental illness.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--This meta-analysis shows that psychedelic treatments were safe and could contribute to a rapid impro

BACKGROUND : Psychedelic drugs have shown an efficacy in some psychiatric disorders and have an original mechanism of action with a 5-HTagonism .
AIM : The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess by a quantitative analysis the putative efficacy of psychedelic drugs on depressive symptoms and to investigate the kinetic of this efficacy .
METHODS : We searched the MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases through April 2019 , without limits on year of publication .
Means and standard deviations were extracted to calculate standardized mean differences ( SMD ) .
Scores of depressive symptoms were compared with baseline scores at @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ; weeks 4-5 and 6-8 ; and months 3 and 6 .
RESULTS : Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis .
A significant decrease of depressive symptoms was found from day 1 ( = 5 studies ; SMD = ‒1.4 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : ‒2.33 to ‒0.48 , = 0.003 ) to 6 months ( = 4 studies ; SMD = ‒1.07 , 95 % CI : ‒1.44 to ‒0.7 , CONCLUSION : This meta-analysis shows that psychedelic treatments were safe and could contribute to a rapid @ @ @ @ @

BACKGROUND: Psychedelic drugs have shown an efficacy in some psychiatric disorders and have an original mechanism of action with a 5-HTagonism.
AIM: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess by a quantitative analysis the putative efficacy of psychedelic drugs on depressive symptoms and to investigate the kinetic of this efficacy.
METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases through April 2019, without limits on year of publication. Means and standard deviations were extracted to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD). Scores of depressive symptoms were compared with baseline scores at days 7, 14, and 21; weeks 4-5 and 6-8; and months 3 and 6.
RESULTS: Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. A significant decrease of depressive symptoms was found from day 1 ( = 5 studies; SMD = ‒1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): ‒2.33 to ‒0.48, = 0.003) to 6 months ( = 4 studies; SMD = ‒1.07, 95% CI: ‒1.44 to ‒0.7, < 0.001) after psychedelic sessions. No serious adverse effect was reported in all included studies. A transient increase of the heart rate, blood systolic, and diastolic pressure were found after psychedelics compared with placebo.
CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis shows that psychedelic treatments were safe and could contribute to a rapid improvement of depressive symptoms.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for mild traumatic brain injury persistent postconcussion syndrome.

Persistent postconcussion syndrome ( PPCS ) after mild traumatic brain injury ( mTBI ) is a significant public health and military problem for which there is limited treatment evidence .
The aim of this study was to determine whether forty 150 kPa hyperbaric oxygen therapies ( HBOTs ) can improve symptoms and cognitive function in subjects with the PPCS of mTBI , using a randomized controlled crossover design with 2-month follow-up .
Sixty-three civilian and military subjects with mTBI/PPCS were randomized to either 40 HBOTs at 150 kPa/60 minutes , once daily , 5 days per week in 8 weeks @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The Control Group was then crossed over to HBOT .
Subjects underwent symptom , neuropsychological , and psychological testing , before and after treatment or control with retesting 2 months after the 40HBOT .
Fifty subjects completed the protocol with primary outcome testing .
HBOT subjects experienced significant improvements in Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory , Memory Index , Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics , Hamilton Depression Scale , Hamilton Anxiety Scale , Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist , Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index , and Quality Of Life after Brain Injury compared to the Control Group .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Group experienced near-identical significant improvements .
Further improvements were experienced by both groups during the 2-month follow-up period .
These data indicate that 40 HBOTs at 150 kPa/60 minutes demonstrated statistically significant improvements in postconcussion and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms , memory , cognitive functions , depression , anxiety , sleep , and quality of life in civilian and military subjects with mTBI/PPCS compared to controls .
Improvements persisted at least 2 months after the 40HBOT .
The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT02089594 ) on March 18 , 2014 and with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Investigational New Drug # 113823 .
The Institutional Review Boards of the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Office of Research Protections Human Research Protection Office and the Louisiana State University School of Medicine ( approval No .
7381 ) approved the study on May 13 , 2014 and December 20 , 2013 , respectively .

Persistent postconcussion syndrome (PPCS) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a significant public health and military problem for which there is limited treatment evidence. The aim of this study was to determine whether forty 150 kPa hyperbaric oxygen therapies (HBOTs) can improve symptoms and cognitive function in subjects with the PPCS of mTBI, using a randomized controlled crossover design with 2-month follow-up. Sixty-three civilian and military subjects with mTBI/PPCS were randomized to either 40 HBOTs at 150 kPa/60 minutes, once daily, 5 days per week in 8 weeks or an equivalent no-treatment control period. The Control Group was then crossed over to HBOT. Subjects underwent symptom, neuropsychological, and psychological testing, before and after treatment or control with retesting 2 months after the 40HBOT. Fifty subjects completed the protocol with primary outcome testing. HBOT subjects experienced significant improvements in Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, Memory Index, Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Quality Of Life after Brain Injury compared to the Control Group. After crossing over to HBOT the Control Group experienced near-identical significant improvements. Further improvements were experienced by both groups during the 2-month follow-up period. These data indicate that 40 HBOTs at 150 kPa/60 minutes demonstrated statistically significant improvements in postconcussion and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, memory, cognitive functions, depression, anxiety, sleep, and quality of life in civilian and military subjects with mTBI/PPCS compared to controls. Improvements persisted at least 2 months after the 40HBOT. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02089594) on March 18, 2014 and with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration under Investigational New Drug #113823. The Institutional Review Boards of the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Office of Research Protections Human Research Protection Office and the Louisiana State University School of Medicine (approval No. 7381) approved the study on May 13, 2014 and December 20, 2013, respectively.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--Successful use of hyperbaric oxygen as adjunctive therapy for a nonhealing venous ulcer.

Skin ulcers are a common complication of systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) that can significantly impact the quality of life @ @ @ @ @ reports on the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy ( HBOT ) in the management of @ @ @ @ @ .
The effect of HBOT on pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH ) , another common @ @ @ @ @ SSc , is unclear with literature on the subject lacking .
We present the case @ @ @ @ @ limited SSc complicated by severe PAH and a nonhealing left lower extremity venous ulcer .
@ @ @ @ @ an adjunct in her management resulting in complete resolution of the venous ulcer and improved @ @ @ @ @ adverse effects on her pulmonary arterial hypertension .

Skin ulcers are a common complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) that can significantly impact the quality of life. There have been recent reports on the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the management of nonhealing systemic sclerosis skin ulcers. The effect of HBOT on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), another common and potentially life-threatening complication of SSc, is unclear with literature on the subject lacking. We present the case of a 65-year-old female with limited SSc complicated by severe PAH and a nonhealing left lower extremity venous ulcer. HBOT was successfully used as an adjunct in her management resulting in complete resolution of the venous ulcer and improved quality of life without any adverse effects on her pulmonary arterial hypertension.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--Kaempferol regulates miR-15b/Bcl-2/TLR4 to alleviate oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury in H9

Kaempferol regulates miR-15b/Bcl-2/TLR4 to alleviate oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury in H9c2 cells.

Ischemic heart disease ( IHD ) is one of the world 's leading causes of human death .
Kaempferol ( Kae ) was proved to have anti-inflammatory , antioxidant , and anticancer effects .
Such properties suggested that it might play protective roles in IHD .
In this study , we have attempted to disclose the potential regulating mechanisms of Kae in primary cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells.Cells were first stimulated by oxygen-glucose deprivation ( OGD ) and then exposed to Kae .
CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to examine cell characteristics .
Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ miR-15b and TLR4 .
Afterward , cell transfection , dual-luciferase activity assay , and western blot were used to explore the potential mechanisms.OGD treatment suppressed cell viability , whereas it enhanced cell apoptosis .
Besides , OGD treatment enhanced the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins .
Kae exposure , however , attenuated the effects that OGD-induced .
Further experiments showed that Kae exposure promoted down-regulation of miR-15b , Bcl-2 and TLR4 were a target of miR-15b .
Moreover , Kae enhanced the expression of key factors involved in PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways , whereas @ @ @ @ @ @ @ revealed that Kae diminished OGD-triggered cell damage through down-regulating miR-15b expression via activating PI3K/AKT and Wnt3a/β-catenin pathways .

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the world's leading causes of human death. Kaempferol (Kae) was proved to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Such properties suggested that it might play protective roles in IHD. In this study, we have attempted to disclose the potential regulating mechanisms of Kae in primary cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells.Cells were first stimulated by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and then exposed to Kae. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to examine cell characteristics. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was utilized to test the expression levels of miR-15b and TLR4. Afterward, cell transfection, dual-luciferase activity assay, and western blot were used to explore the potential mechanisms.OGD treatment suppressed cell viability, whereas it enhanced cell apoptosis. Besides, OGD treatment enhanced the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins. Kae exposure, however, attenuated the effects that OGD-induced. Further experiments showed that Kae exposure promoted down-regulation of miR-15b, Bcl-2 and TLR4 were a target of miR-15b. Moreover, Kae enhanced the expression of key factors involved in PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, whereas miR-15b mimic reversed the Kae-triggered effects.This investigation revealed that Kae diminished OGD-triggered cell damage through down-regulating miR-15b expression via activating PI3K/AKT and Wnt3a/β-catenin pathways.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--Kaempferol blocks neutrophil extracellular traps formation and reduces tumour metastasis.

Kaempferol ( kaem ) is a dietary flavonoid found in a variety of fruits and vegetables .
The inhibitory effects of kaem on primary tumour growth have been extensively investigated ; however , its effects on tumour metastasis are largely unknown .
In the present study , we found that kaem significantly suppresses both primary tumour growth and lung metastasis in mouse breast tumour model .
Furthermore , decreased expression of citrullinated histone H3 ( H3-cit ) , a biomarker of neutrophil extracellular traps ( NETs ) , had been founded in metastatic lung upon treated with kaem .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , due to the cytotoxicity of kaem on neutrophils since the frequency of CD11bLy6Gneutrophils did not change in lung , tumour or blood in the presence of kaem .
We then confirm the anti-NETs effects of kaem in vitro by co-culturing mouse neutrophils and kaem .
Supplementing the neutrophils with GSK484 , a potent NET inhibitor , totally abrogated the inhibitory effects of kaem on tumour metastasis while having little or no impact on primary tumour growth , indicating the specificity of kaem acting on NET formation and tumour metastasis .
We also @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mouse bone-marrow derived neutrophils .
Supplementing with the ROS scavenger DPI abrogated kaem 's effects on NET formation , suggesting the involvement of kaempferol in NADPH/ROS-NETs signalling .
Finally , we applied the kaem on NET-deficient PAD4mice and found decreased primary tumour volume and weight but similar lung metastatic tumour with kaempferol treatment .
Therefore , our findings reveal a novel mechanism of kaem in breast cancer development by targeting NETs induced tumour metastasis .

Kaempferol (kaem) is a dietary flavonoid found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. The inhibitory effects of kaem on primary tumour growth have been extensively investigated; however, its effects on tumour metastasis are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that kaem significantly suppresses both primary tumour growth and lung metastasis in mouse breast tumour model. Furthermore, decreased expression of citrullinated histone H3 (H3-cit), a biomarker of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), had been founded in metastatic lung upon treated with kaem. The reduction of H3-cit is not, however, due to the cytotoxicity of kaem on neutrophils since the frequency of CD11bLy6Gneutrophils did not change in lung, tumour or blood in the presence of kaem. We then confirm the anti-NETs effects of kaem in vitro by co-culturing mouse neutrophils and kaem. Supplementing the neutrophils with GSK484, a potent NET inhibitor, totally abrogated the inhibitory effects of kaem on tumour metastasis while having little or no impact on primary tumour growth, indicating the specificity of kaem acting on NET formation and tumour metastasis. We also found that kaem suppressed ROS production in mouse bone-marrow derived neutrophils. Supplementing with the ROS scavenger DPI abrogated kaem's effects on NET formation, suggesting the involvement of kaempferol in NADPH/ROS-NETs signalling. Finally, we applied the kaem on NET-deficient PAD4mice and found decreased primary tumour volume and weight but similar lung metastatic tumour with kaempferol treatment. Therefore, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of kaem in breast cancer development by targeting NETs induced tumour metastasis.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--Alleviation of simvastatin-induced myopathy by the standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba.

Statins are the most widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases .
Statin-induced myopathy is the major side effect of this class of drugs .
Here , we studied whether standardized leaf extracts of ginkgo biloba ( EGb761 ) would improve simvastatin ( SIM ) -induced muscle changes .
Sixty Wistar rats were allotted into six groups : control group , vehicle group receiving 0.5 % carboxymethyl cellulose ( CMC ) for 30 days , SIM group receiving 80 mg/kg/day SIM in 0.5 % CMC orally for 30 days , SIM withdrawal group treated with SIM @ @ @ @ @ @ @ later , and EGb761-100 and EGb761-200 groups posttreated with either 100 or 200 mg/kg/day EGb761 orally .
Muscle performance on the rotarod , serum creatine kinase ( CK ) , coenzyme Q10 ( CoQ10 ) , serum and muscle nitrite , muscle malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , and catalase ( CAT ) activities were estimated .
Additionally , muscle samples were processed for histopathological evaluation .
We found that SIM decreased muscle performance on the rotarod , serum CoQ10 , as well as muscle SOD and CAT @ @ @ @ @ @ @ serum and muscle nitrite , as well as muscle MDA levels .
SIM also induced sarcoplasmic vacuolation , splitting of myofibers , disorganization of sarcomeres , and disintegration of myofilaments .
In contrast , posttreatment with EGb761 increased muscle performance , serum CoQ10 , as well as muscle SOD and CAT activities while it reduced serum CK as well as serum and muscle nitrite levels in a dose-dependent manner .
Additionally , EGb761 reversed SIM-induced histopathological changes with better results obtained by its higher dose .
Interestingly , SIM withdrawal increased muscle performance @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and CoQ10 , and reduced serum and muscle nitrite while it reversed SIM-induced histopathological changes .
However , SIM withdrawal was not effective enough to restore their normal values .
Additionally , SIM withdrawal did not improve SIM-induce muscle MDA , SOD , or CAT activities during the period studied .
Our results suggest that EGb761 posttreatment reversed SIM-induces muscle changes possibly through its antioxidant effects , elevation of CoQ10 levels , and antagonizing mitochondrial damage .

Statins are the most widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Statin-induced myopathy is the major side effect of this class of drugs. Here, we studied whether standardized leaf extracts of ginkgo biloba (EGb761) would improve simvastatin (SIM)-induced muscle changes. Sixty Wistar rats were allotted into six groups: control group, vehicle group receiving 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for 30 days, SIM group receiving 80 mg/kg/day SIM in 0.5% CMC orally for 30 days, SIM withdrawal group treated with SIM for 16 days and sacrificed 14 days later, and EGb761-100 and EGb761-200 groups posttreated with either 100 or 200 mg/kg/day EGb761 orally. Muscle performance on the rotarod, serum creatine kinase (CK), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), serum and muscle nitrite, muscle malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were estimated. Additionally, muscle samples were processed for histopathological evaluation. We found that SIM decreased muscle performance on the rotarod, serum CoQ10, as well as muscle SOD and CAT activities while it increased serum CK, serum and muscle nitrite, as well as muscle MDA levels. SIM also induced sarcoplasmic vacuolation, splitting of myofibers, disorganization of sarcomeres, and disintegration of myofilaments. In contrast, posttreatment with EGb761 increased muscle performance, serum CoQ10, as well as muscle SOD and CAT activities while it reduced serum CK as well as serum and muscle nitrite levels in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, EGb761 reversed SIM-induced histopathological changes with better results obtained by its higher dose. Interestingly, SIM withdrawal increased muscle performance on the rotarod, reduce serum CK and CoQ10, and reduced serum and muscle nitrite while it reversed SIM-induced histopathological changes. However, SIM withdrawal was not effective enough to restore their normal values. Additionally, SIM withdrawal did not improve SIM-induce muscle MDA, SOD, or CAT activities during the period studied. Our results suggest that EGb761 posttreatment reversed SIM-induces muscle changes possibly through its antioxidant effects, elevation of CoQ10 levels, and antagonizing mitochondrial damage.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--Ginkgo biloba extract protects against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity.

extract possess several promising biological activities ; currently , it is clinically employed in the management of several diseases .
This research work aimed to extrapolate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ( Gb ) in methotrexate ( MTX ) -induced liver toxicity model .
These effects were analyzed using different in vivo experimental approaches and by bioinformatics analysis .
Male SD rats were grouped as follows : saline ; MTX ; Gb ( pretreated for seven days with 60 , 120 , and 180 mg/kg daily dose before MTX treatment ) ; silymarin ( followed by MTX treatment ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and silymarin only .
Histopathological results revealed that MTX induced marked hepatic injury , associated with a substantial surge in various hepatic enzymes such as alanine transaminase ( ALT ) , aspartate transaminase ( AST ) , and serum alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) .
Furthermore , MTX caused the triggering of oxidative distress associated with a depressed antioxidant system .
All these injury markers contributed to a significant release of apoptotic ( caspase-3 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases ( JNK ) ) and tumor necrosis factor ( TNF-α ) -like inflammatory mediators .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ inflammation dose-dependently along with modulating the innate antioxidative mechanisms such as glutathione ( GSH ) and glutathione S-transferase ( GST ) .
These results were further supplemented by in silico studyto analyze drug-receptor interactions ( for several Gb constituents and target proteins ) stabilized by a low energy value and with a good number of hydrogen bonds .
These findings demonstrated that Gb could ameliorate MTX-induced elevated liver reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and inflammation , possiblyby JNK and TNF-α modulation

extract possess several promising biological activities; currently, it is clinically employed in the management of several diseases. This research work aimed to extrapolate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of(Gb) in methotrexate (MTX)-induced liver toxicity model. These effects were analyzed using different in vivo experimental approaches and by bioinformatics analysis. Male SD rats were grouped as follows: saline; MTX; Gb (pretreated for seven days with 60, 120, and 180 mg/kg daily dose before MTX treatment); silymarin (followed by MTX treatment); Gb 180 mg/kg daily only; and silymarin only. Histopathological results revealed that MTX induced marked hepatic injury, associated with a substantial surge in various hepatic enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Furthermore, MTX caused the triggering of oxidative distress associated with a depressed antioxidant system. All these injury markers contributed to a significant release of apoptotic (caspase-3 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK)) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)-like inflammatory mediators. Treatment with Gb counteracts MTX-mediated apoptosis and inflammation dose-dependently along with modulating the innate antioxidative mechanisms such as glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). These results were further supplemented by in silico studyto analyze drug-receptor interactions (for several Gb constituents and target proteins) stabilized by a low energy value and with a good number of hydrogen bonds. These findings demonstrated that Gb could ameliorate MTX-induced elevated liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation, possiblyby JNK and TNF-α modulation


greenmedinfo--2020-06-08--Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduced the serum CRP level, increased OPG expression, and decreased osteo

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduced the serum CRP level, increased OPG expression, and decreased osteoclast numbers in periodontitis-induced diabetes.

OBJECTIVES : This study aimed to examine the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy ( HBOT ) on serum C-reactive protein ( CRP ) levels , osteoclast numbers , and osteoprotegerin ( OPG ) expression in periodontitis-induced diabetic rats MATERIALS AND METHODS : This study constituted anlaboratory-based experiment incorporating a posttest only control group design .
Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of research subjects : a healthy group ( K0 ) , periodontitis-induced diabetic group ( K1 ) , and periodontitis-induced diabetic group treated with HBOT for 7 days ( K2 ) .
After treatment , the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of serum CRP by the ELISA method .
Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to check the level of OPG expression , while a histological analysis was undertaken to quantify the number of osteoclasts .
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS : The data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference ( LSD ) test on which a result of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant .
RESULTS : HBOT appreciably decreased serum CRP levels , significantly enhancing OPG expression in periodontitis-induced diabetic ( < 0.05 ) and decreasing the number of osteoclasts in -periodontitis-induced diabetic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ HBOT reduced the serum CRP level , increased OPG expression , and decreased osteoclast numbers in periodontitis-induced diabetic rats .

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, osteoclast numbers, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in periodontitis-induced diabetic rats MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study constituted anlaboratory-based experiment incorporating a posttest only control group design. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of research subjects: a healthy group (K0), periodontitis-induced diabetic group (K1), and periodontitis-induced diabetic group treated with HBOT for 7 days (K2). After treatment, the subjects were sacrificed to determine the level of serum CRP by the ELISA method. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to check the level of OPG expression, while a histological analysis was undertaken to quantify the number of osteoclasts.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test on which a result of<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: HBOT appreciably decreased serum CRP levels, significantly enhancing OPG expression in periodontitis-induced diabetic (<0.05) and decreasing the number of osteoclasts in -periodontitis-induced diabetic (>0.05).
CONCLUSION: HBOT reduced the serum CRP level, increased OPG expression, and decreased osteoclast numbers in periodontitis-induced diabetic rats.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-09--Don't Relinquish Civil Liberties for False Sense of Security

This website is for information purposes only .
By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing , treating @ @ @ @ @ or preventing any type of disease or medical condition .
Before beginning any type of @ @ @ @ @ treatment regimen , it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional @

This website is for information purposes only. By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing, treating, curing, mitigating, or preventing any type of disease or medical condition. Before beginning any type of natural, integrative or conventional treatment regimen, it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional.
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greenmedinfo--2020-06-09--Cannabidiol could reduce severe behavioural problems in children and adolescents with intellectual d

Cannabidiol could reduce severe behavioural problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability.

INTRODUCTION : Severe Behavioural Problems ( SBP ) are a major contributor to morbidity in children with Intellectual Disability ( ID ) .
Medications used to treat SBP in ID are associated with a high risk of side effects .
Cannabidiol has potential therapeutic effects in SBP .
This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility of conducting a randomized placebo-controlled trial of cannabidiol to reduce SBP in children with ID .
METHODS : Double-blind , placebo-controlled , two-armed , parallel-design , randomised controlled trial of cannabidiol in children aged 8 - 16 years with ID and SBP .
Participants @ @ @ @ @ @ @ % cannabidiol in oil ( Tilray , Canada ) or placebo orally for 8 weeks .
The dose was up-titrated over 9 days to 20mg/kg/day in two divided doses , with a maximum dose of 500mg twice/day .
The feasibility and acceptability of all study components were assessed .
RESULTS : Eight children were randomised , and all completed the full study protocol .
There were no Serious Adverse Events or drop-outs .
Protocol adherence for key study components was excellent : study visits 100 % , medication adherence 100 % , blood @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 88 % .
Parents reported a high degree of acceptability with the study design .
All parents reported they would recommend the study to other families with children with similar problems .
There was an efficacy signal in favour of active drug .
CONCLUSIONS : The findings suggest that the study protocol is feasible and acceptable to patients with ID and SBP and their families .

INTRODUCTION: Severe Behavioural Problems (SBP) are a major contributor to morbidity in children with Intellectual Disability (ID). Medications used to treat SBP in ID are associated with a high risk of side effects. Cannabidiol has potential therapeutic effects in SBP. This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility of conducting a randomized placebo-controlled trial of cannabidiol to reduce SBP in children with ID.
METHODS: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-armed, parallel-design, randomised controlled trial of cannabidiol in children aged 8 - 16 years with ID and SBP. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either 98% cannabidiol in oil (Tilray, Canada) or placebo orally for 8 weeks. The dose was up-titrated over 9 days to 20mg/kg/day in two divided doses, with a maximum dose of 500mg twice/day. The feasibility and acceptability of all study components were assessed.
RESULTS: Eight children were randomised, and all completed the full study protocol. There were no Serious Adverse Events or drop-outs. Protocol adherence for key study components was excellent: study visits 100%, medication adherence 100%, blood tests 92%, and questionnaire completion 88%. Parents reported a high degree of acceptability with the study design. All parents reported they would recommend the study to other families with children with similar problems. There was an efficacy signal in favour of active drug.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the study protocol is feasible and acceptable to patients with ID and SBP and their families.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-09--BEYOND Labels: A Roadmap to Health, Happiness & Freedom