greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Electroacupuncture treatment could be partially associated with suppression of pro-inflammatory cyto

Electroacupuncture treatment could be partially associated with suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines mediated by induction of IL-10.

The therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture ( EA ) on inflammatory pain has been well recognized clinically , but the mechanism is unclear .
Interleukin-10 ( IL-10 ) , which is produced by regulatory T ( Treg ) cell , is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine for relieving inflammatory pain .
Therefore , the aim of this study is to investigate whether EA could inhibit CFA-induced pain and attenuate inflammation progression by regulating the activation of immunocyte and inducing the expression of IL-10 .
In this study , mice were treated with EA ( 2/100 Hz , 2 mA ) for five @ @ @ @ @ @ @ injection .
The behavioral tests were measured and analyzed after the daily EA treatment ; then , hind paw , spinal cord , and spleen tissues were prepared for assessment .
The results showed that EA treatment significantly increased the mechanical threshold and thermal latency after CFA injection and boosted the expression of IL-10 in paw and spinal cord tissues .
EA treatment promoted Treg cells ; suppressed macrophage and neutrophils cells ; reduced the expression of IL-1β , NLRP3 , and TNF-α ; and ultimately relieved inflammatory pain .
The findings suggested @ @ @ @ @ @ @ EA treatment could be partially associated with suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines mediated by induction of IL-10 .

The therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on inflammatory pain has been well recognized clinically, but the mechanism is unclear. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), which is produced by regulatory T (Treg) cell, is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine for relieving inflammatory pain. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether EA could inhibit CFA-induced pain and attenuate inflammation progression by regulating the activation of immunocyte and inducing the expression of IL-10. In this study, mice were treated with EA (2/100 Hz, 2 mA) for five consecutive days after 1 day of CFA injection. The behavioral tests were measured and analyzed after the daily EA treatment; then, hind paw, spinal cord, and spleen tissues were prepared for assessment. The results showed that EA treatment significantly increased the mechanical threshold and thermal latency after CFA injection and boosted the expression of IL-10 in paw and spinal cord tissues. EA treatment promoted Treg cells; suppressed macrophage and neutrophils cells; reduced the expression of IL-1β, NLRP3, and TNF-α; and ultimately relieved inflammatory pain. The findings suggested that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of EA treatment could be partially associated with suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines mediated by induction of IL-10.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Acupuncture may improve neurological function, reduce cerebral infarction volume and prolong the tim

Acupuncture may improve neurological function, reduce cerebral infarction volume and prolong the time window of thrombolysis.

OBJECTIVE : To observe the effect of acupuncture ( Acupunct ) on cerebral infarction volume and expression of poly ADP ribose polymerase 1 ( PARP1 ) , apoptosis-inducing factor ( AIF ) and endonuclease G ( Endo-G ) in the cerebral cortex tissue at different time-points after cerebral ischemia ( CI ) in acute cerebral infarction rats , so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in prolonging time window of thrombolysis .
METHODS : Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation , model , intravenous thrombolysis ( IVT ) -4.5 h , IVT-6 h , IVT-9 h , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Acupunct＋IVT-9 h groups ( ＝6 in each group ) .
The CI model was established by using modified autologous thromboembolism via the right common carotid artery .
Two hours after modeling , rats of the Acupunct groups received Acupunct stimulation of '' Shuigou '' ( GV26 ) and bilateral '' Neiguan '' ( PC6 ) for 30 min .
Thrombolysis was conducted by injection of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator ( rt-PA , 10 mg/kg ) via caudal vein .
The neurological deficit was assessed with reference to Bederson 's methods .
2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to assess the cerebral infarction volume , and the expression of cerebral PARP1 , AIF and Endo-G proteins detected by Western blot .
RESULTS : Compared with the sham operation group , the neurological score and percentage of cerebral infarction volume , expression levels of PARP1 , AIF and Endo-G proteins were significantly increased in the model group ( < 0.01， < 0.05 ) .
After the intervention , modeling-induced increase of the aforementioned indexes was reversed in the IVT-4.5 h , Acupunct＋IVT-4.5 h and Acupunct＋IVT-6 h groups ( < 0.05 ) , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ h group ( > 0.05 ) .
The levels of neurological score , percentage of cerebral infarction volume , and AIF expression were significantly lower in both the Acupunct＋IVT 4.5 h and Acupunct＋IVT-6 h groups than in the simple IVT-4.5 h and simple IVT-6 h groups , respectively ( < 0.05 ) , and the expression levels of PARP1 and Endo-G proteins were obviously lower in the Acupunct＋IVT-4.5 h group than in the IVT-4.5 h group ( < 0.05 ) .
Endo-G proteins were obviously lower in the Acupunct＋IVT-9 h group than in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) .
CONCLUSION : Acupuncture may improve neurological function , reduce cerebral infarction volume and prolong the time window of thrombolysis in CI rats , which may be associated with its effect in suppressing AIF/PARP1/ Endo-G signaling .

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture (Acupunct) on cerebral infarction volume and expression of poly ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (Endo-G) in the cerebral cortex tissue at different time-points after cerebral ischemia (CI) in acute cerebral infarction rats, so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in prolonging time window of thrombolysis.
METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model, intravenous thrombolysis (IVT)-4.5 h, IVT-6 h, IVT-9 h, Acupunct＋IVT-4.5 h, Acupunct ＋IVT-6 h, Acupunct＋IVT-9 h groups (＝6 in each group). The CI model was established by using modified autologous thromboembolism via the right common carotid artery. Two hours after modeling, rats of the Acupunct groups received Acupunct stimulation of"Shuigou"(GV26) and bilateral"Neiguan"(PC6) for 30 min. Thrombolysis was conducted by injection of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA, 10 mg/kg) via caudal vein. The neurological deficit was assessed with reference to Bederson's methods. 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to assess the cerebral infarction volume, and the expression of cerebral PARP1, AIF and Endo-G proteins detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, the neurological score and percentage of cerebral infarction volume, expression levels of PARP1, AIF and Endo-G proteins were significantly increased in the model group (<0.01，<0.05). After the intervention, modeling-induced increase of the aforementioned indexes was reversed in the IVT-4.5 h, Acupunct＋IVT-4.5 h and Acupunct＋IVT-6 h groups (<0.05), except PARP1 expression of the Acupunct＋IVT 6 h group (>0.05). The levels of neurological score, percentage of cerebral infarction volume, and AIF expression were significantly lower in both the Acupunct＋IVT 4.5 h and Acupunct＋IVT-6 h groups than in the simple IVT-4.5 h and simple IVT-6 h groups, respectively (<0.05), and the expression levels of PARP1 and Endo-G proteins were obviously lower in the Acupunct＋IVT-4.5 h group than in the IVT-4.5 h group (<0.05). Endo-G proteins were obviously lower in the Acupunct＋IVT-9 h group than in the IVT-9 h group (<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Acupuncture may improve neurological function, reduce cerebral infarction volume and prolong the time window of thrombolysis in CI rats, which may be associated with its effect in suppressing AIF/PARP1/ Endo-G signaling.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Clinical effect of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of oligozoosp

Clinical effect of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of oligozoospermia/asthenozoospermia.

OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine in the treatment of oligozoospermia/asthenozoospermia .
METHODS : Randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ) of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) in the treatment of oligozoospermia/asthenozoospermia published up to February 15 , 2019 were searched from databases of CNKI , CBM , Wanfang Data , VIP , PubMed , Embase , and The Cochrane Library .
Two reviewers independently performed quality assessment and data extraction of the studies , and RevMan5.3 was used to perform the meta-analysis .
RESULTS : A total of 13 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with a total of 1 183 patients .
The meta-analysis showed that acupuncture combined with TCM achieved a significantly higher pregnancy rate than TCM alone in the treatment of oligozoospermia/asthenozoospermia ( risk ratio [ ] ＝1.46 , 95 % confidence interval [ ] : 1.13－1.90，＝0.004 ) .
The patients treated with acupuncture combined with TCM had a significantly higher effective rate than those treated with TCM alone ( ＝1.17 , 95 % ：1.10－1.24 , < 0.000 01 ) .
Compared with TCM alone , acupuncture combined with TCM achieved significantly better improvements in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ] ＝8.28 , 95 % : 6.48－10.08 , < 0.000 01 ) , sperm motility ( ＝17.01 , 95 % ：11.06－22.96 , < 0.000 01 ) , sperm concentration ( ＝8.71 , 95 % ：5.92－11.50 , < 0.000 01 ) , and number of grade A sperms ( ＝6.39 , 95 % ：5.27－7.50 , < 0.000 01 ) .
CONCLUSION : Acupuncture combined with TCM has a better clinical effect than TCM alone in the treatment of oligozoospermia/asthenozoospermia .
Due to the low methodological quality of the studies included in this analysis , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of oligozoospermia/asthenozoospermia should be used based on patients ' conditions in clinical practice .

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine in the treatment of oligozoospermia/asthenozoospermia.
METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of oligozoospermia/asthenozoospermia published up to February 15, 2019 were searched from databases of CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently performed quality assessment and data extraction of the studies, and RevMan5.3 was used to perform the meta-analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 13 articles with 12 RCTs were included, with a total of 1 183 patients. The meta-analysis showed that acupuncture combined with TCM achieved a significantly higher pregnancy rate than TCM alone in the treatment of oligozoospermia/asthenozoospermia(risk ratio []＝1.46, 95% confidence interval []: 1.13－1.90，＝0.004). The patients treated with acupuncture combined with TCM had a significantly higher effective rate than those treated with TCM alone (＝1.17, 95%：1.10－1.24,<0.000 01). Compared with TCM alone, acupuncture combined with TCM achieved significantly better improvements in sperm survival rate (mean difference []＝8.28, 95%: 6.48－10.08,<0.000 01), sperm motility (＝17.01, 95%：11.06－22.96,<0.000 01), sperm concentration (＝8.71, 95%：5.92－11.50,<0.000 01), and number of grade A sperms (＝6.39, 95%：5.27－7.50,<0.000 01).
CONCLUSION: Acupuncture combined with TCM has a better clinical effect than TCM alone in the treatment of oligozoospermia/asthenozoospermia. Due to the low methodological quality of the studies included in this analysis, acupuncture combined with TCM in the treatment of oligozoospermia/asthenozoospermia should be used based on patients' conditions in clinical practice.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Research and thinking of acupuncture on promoting white adipose tissue browning.

Acupuncture has become an effective approach in clinic for treating obesity , but its mechanism has not been clarified yet @ @ @ @ @ researches have been conducted on the obesity mechanism in the aspects of neurophysiological regulation , @ @ @ @ @ digestion and absorption regulation at home and abroad .
But , regarding the main storage @ @ @ @ @ i．e .
the remodeling and functional regulation of white adipose tissue ( WAT ) , @ @ @ @ @ in research .
In the paper , focusing on the new filed of weight loss @ @ @ @ @ promotion of WAT browning through the re-gulation of UCP1 and PPARγ signal pathway with acupuncture @ @ @ @ @ of acupuncture was explored on weight loss .

Acupuncture has become an effective approach in clinic for treating obesity, but its mechanism has not been clarified yet. A large number of researches have been conducted on the obesity mechanism in the aspects of neurophysiological regulation, feeding center regulation and peripheral digestion and absorption regulation at home and abroad. But, regarding the main storage site of excess energy, i．e. the remodeling and functional regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT), is still a new field in research. In the paper, focusing on the new filed of weight loss, in view of the promotion of WAT browning through the re-gulation of UCP1 and PPARγ signal pathway with acupuncture, the potential peripheral mechanism of acupuncture was explored on weight loss.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Progress of the mechanism research of acupuncture in treatment of diet-induced obesity.

The literature of experimental research on diet-induced obesity treated with acupuncture was retrieved .
The aspects of epigenetics , neuroendocrine @ @ @ @ @ inflammatory response , oxidative stress and substance metabolism of the mechanism of acupuncture in the @ @ @ @ @ summarized .
It is suggested that the potential mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of @ @ @ @ @ in the aspects of the interaction of Toll-like receptors on obesity-intestinal flora-immune function , the @ @ @ @ @ epigenetics and antioxidant stress .

The literature of experimental research on diet-induced obesity treated with acupuncture was retrieved. The aspects of epigenetics, neuroendocrine system, intestinal flora, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and substance metabolism of the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of diet-induced obesity were summarized. It is suggested that the potential mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of diet-induced obesity should be discussed in the aspects of the interaction of Toll-like receptors on obesity-intestinal flora-immune function, the improvement of insulin resistance, epigenetics and antioxidant stress.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Top Four Antiviral Benefits of Elderberry

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greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Drinking Matcha Tea Can Reduce Anxiety

Drinking Matcha Tea Can Reduce Anxiety


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--WHO: Five Ways to Boost Immunity to Fight COVID-19


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Moringa oleifera seed oil augments pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors.

Lam .
( MO ) , which is widely consumed as both food and herbal medicine in tropical and subtropical regions , has a wide spectrum of health benefits .
Yet , whether the oil obtained from MO seeds could affect ( improve ) the sleep activity remains unclear .
Herein , we used the locomotor activity , pentobarbital-induced sleeping , and pentetrazol-induced convulsions test to examine sedative-hypnotic effects ( SHE ) of MO oil ( MOO ) and explored the underlying mechanisms .
Besides , the main components of MOO like oleic acid , β-Sitosterol , and Stigmasterol were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ they possessed good SHE .
Except for oleic acid and Stigmasterol , they could significantly elevate γ-amino butyric acid ( GABA ) and reduce glutamic acid ( Glu ) levels in the hypothalamus of mice .
Moreover , SHE was blocked bypicrotoxin , flumazenil , and bicuculline , except for oleic acid , which could not be antagonized by picrotoxin .
Molecular mechanisms showed that MOO and β-Sitosterol significantly upregulated the amount of protein-level expression of Glu decarboxylase-65 ( GAD ) andα-subunit of GABAreceptors in the hypothalamus of mice , not affecting GAD @ @ @ @ @ @ @ MOO modulates sleep architectures via activation of the GABA-ergic systems .

Lam. (MO), which is widely consumed as both food and herbal medicine in tropical and subtropical regions, has a wide spectrum of health benefits. Yet, whether the oil obtained from MO seeds could affect (improve) the sleep activity remains unclear. Herein, we used the locomotor activity, pentobarbital-induced sleeping, and pentetrazol-induced convulsions test to examine sedative-hypnotic effects (SHE) of MO oil (MOO) and explored the underlying mechanisms. Besides, the main components of MOO like oleic acid,β-Sitosterol, and Stigmasterol were also evaluated. The results showed that they possessed good SHE. Except for oleic acid and Stigmasterol, they could significantly elevate γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) and reduce glutamic acid (Glu) levels in the hypothalamus of mice. Moreover, SHE was blocked bypicrotoxin, flumazenil, and bicuculline, except for oleic acid, which could not be antagonized by picrotoxin. Molecular mechanisms showed that MOO and β-Sitosterol significantly upregulated the amount of protein-level expression of Glu decarboxylase-65 (GAD) andα-subunit of GABAreceptors in the hypothalamus of mice, not affecting GAD,γsubunits. These data indicated that MOO modulates sleep architectures via activation of the GABA-ergic systems.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Moringa may be immunologically useful in the treatment of malaria and malnutrition.

BACKGROUND : Malaria is a worldwide problem that affects millions of people yearly .
In rural areas where anti-malarial drugs are not easily accessible , many people use herbal treatments , such as Moringa oleifera , to treat a variety of diseases and ailments including malaria .
While Moringa is reported to possess potent and curative anti-malarial properties , previous studies have mostly been restricted to assessment of parasitaemia .
In this study , the effect of Moringa on malaria immunity in a murine model was investigated .
METHODS : Using a high dose ( 60 mg/mouse ) for a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ low dose Moringa ( 30 mg/mouse ) for a longer time ( 3 weeks ) , cytokine production , and Tbet expression by effector CD4T cells ( Teff ) were determined .
Mice were also treated with Moringa after infection ( curatively ) or before infection ( prophylactically ) to determine the effect of the plant extract on parasitaemia and immunity .
Given that Moringa also possess many nutritional benefits , the contribution of Moringa on malnourished malaria infected mice was determined .
Malnutrition was induced by limiting access to food to only @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , while control mice had unlimited access to mouse laboratory chow .
All data was collected by flow cytometry and analysed using one-Way ANOVA or two tailed Student 's t test .
RESULTS : Moringa-treated mice had increased numbers of effector CD4T cells accompanied by an increase in Tbet expression compared to control untreated mice .
Mice that were treated with Moringa curatively also exhibited increased effector CD4T cell numbers , IFN-gamma and TNF secretion .
Interestingly , the mice that were treated prophylactically had significantly higher Tbet expression .
In the absence @ @ @ @ @ @ @ observed in the RAG1 knockout mice .
The food limited mice ( malnourished ) had reduced numbers of CD4T cells , TNF proportions , and significantly greater Tbet expression compared to the control group .
Supplementation with Moringa in the limited group slightly restored CD4T cell activation , IL-2 , and IL-10 production .
CONCLUSIONS : Taken together , these data suggest that Moringa treatment leads to increased CD4T cell activation , Th1 differentiation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines after malaria infection .
Thus , Moringa may be immunologically useful in the treatment @ @ @ @ @ @ @ are required to identify the active components in Moringa .

BACKGROUND: Malaria is a worldwide problem that affects millions of people yearly. In rural areas where anti-malarial drugs are not easily accessible, many people use herbal treatments, such as Moringa oleifera, to treat a variety of diseases and ailments including malaria. While Moringa is reported to possess potent and curative anti-malarial properties, previous studies have mostly been restricted to assessment of parasitaemia. In this study, the effect of Moringa on malaria immunity in a murine model was investigated.
METHODS: Using a high dose (60 mg/mouse) for a short time (7 days) or low dose Moringa (30 mg/mouse) for a longer time (3 weeks), cytokine production, and Tbet expression by effector CD4T cells (Teff) were determined. Mice were also treated with Moringa after infection (curatively) or before infection (prophylactically) to determine the effect of the plant extract on parasitaemia and immunity. Given that Moringa also possess many nutritional benefits, the contribution of Moringa on malnourished malaria infected mice was determined. Malnutrition was induced by limiting access to food to only 4 h a day for 4 weeks, while control mice had unlimited access to mouse laboratory chow. All data was collected by flow cytometry and analysed using one-Way ANOVA or two tailed Student's t test.
RESULTS: Moringa-treated mice had increased numbers of effector CD4T cells accompanied by an increase in Tbet expression compared to control untreated mice. Mice that were treated with Moringa curatively also exhibited increased effector CD4T cell numbers, IFN-gamma and TNF secretion. Interestingly, the mice that were treated prophylactically had significantly higher Tbet expression. In the absence of adaptive immunity, high parasitaemia was observed in the RAG1 knockout mice. The food limited mice (malnourished) had reduced numbers of CD4T cells, TNF proportions, and significantly greater Tbet expression compared to the control group. Supplementation with Moringa in the limited group slightly restored CD4T cell activation, IL-2, and IL-10 production.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these data suggest that Moringa treatment leads to increased CD4T cell activation, Th1 differentiation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines after malaria infection. Thus, Moringa may be immunologically useful in the treatment of malaria and malnutrition. Further investigations are required to identify the active components in Moringa.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Moringa oleifera leaf flavonoids protect bovine mammary epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-indu

Moringa oleifera leaf flavonoids protect bovine mammary epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in vitro.

Bovine mammary epithelial cells ( BMECs ) of high-producing dairy cows are subject to constant oxidative stress as a result of high metabolic rate and physiological adaptation to intensive farming .
Moringa ( Moringa oleifera ) leaf has been proposed to have the antioxidant potential in scavenging free radicals due to the presence of flavonoids .
In this study , we investigated the cytoprotective effects of moringa leaf flavonoids in alleviating oxidative stress in BMECs in vitro .
Oxidative stress was established by exposing isolated BMECs to HOfor 2 hr .
Doses of moringa leaf flavonoids were evaluated by treating @ @ @ @ @ @ @ concentrations of HOand moringa leaf flavonoids were 500 μmol/L and 1.0 mg/ml , respectively .
The results showed that moringa leaf flavonoids increased the activities of superoxide dismutase , catalase , and glutathione peroxidase ; and reduced malondialdehyde activity and intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) in the HO-induced oxidative stress system .
A Hoechst33258 staining assay revealed that moringa leaf flavonoids decreased the apoptosis rate in BMECs , while leaving membrane integrity and nucleolar morphology unchanged .
We concluded that moringa leaf flavonoids have the antioxidant capacity to effectively @ @ @ @ @ @

Bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) of high-producing dairy cows are subject to constant oxidative stress as a result of high metabolic rate and physiological adaptation to intensive farming. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf has been proposed to have the antioxidant potential in scavenging free radicals due to the presence of flavonoids. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effects of moringa leaf flavonoids in alleviating oxidative stress in BMECs in vitro. Oxidative stress was established by exposing isolated BMECs to HOfor 2 hr. Doses of moringa leaf flavonoids were evaluated by treating BMECs for 12 hr. The optimal concentrations of HOand moringa leaf flavonoids were 500 μmol/L and 1.0 mg/ml, respectively. The results showed that moringa leaf flavonoids increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; and reduced malondialdehyde activity and intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the HO-induced oxidative stress system. A Hoechst33258 staining assay revealed that moringa leaf flavonoids decreased the apoptosis rate in BMECs, while leaving membrane integrity and nucleolar morphology unchanged. We concluded that moringa leaf flavonoids have the antioxidant capacity to effectively reduce oxidative stress in BMECs.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Moringa oleifera leaves may be a promising candidate in the management of obesity and its related co

Moringa oleifera leaves may be a promising candidate in the management of obesity and its related complications such as heart problems.

The consumption of a high-fat diet is linked to the development of obesity and considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases .
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the methanolic extract ofleaves ( MEML ) on the high-fat diet- ( HFD- ) induced obesity and cardiac damage in rats .
MEML , at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw and 400 mg/kg/bw , was orally administrated to obese rats for 12 weeks..leaves were proved to be rich in nutrients and minerals .
Diversity of phenolic compounds in MEML was evidenced via LC-ESI-MS analysis .
The chronic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ an increase in the body weight gain , total cholesterol , and triglycerides and reduction in the HDL-C levels .
The obtained results indicated a significant increase ( < 0.05 ) in the cardiac marker enzyme level in obese rats .
A significant decrease ( < 0.05 ) in the levels of cardiac catalase ( CAT ) , glutathione peroxidase ( GPx ) , and superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) activities was accompanied with an increase of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) level in the high-fat diet group when compared to those of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ alleviated abnormalities in the serum biochemical parameters , balanced the antioxidant status , and reestablished the normal histological structure of the heart especially in the case of the higher concentration.leaves may be a promising candidate in the management of obesity and its related complications such as heart problems .

The consumption of a high-fat diet is linked to the development of obesity and considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the methanolic extract ofleaves (MEML) on the high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obesity and cardiac damage in rats. MEML, at a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw and 400 mg/kg/bw, was orally administrated to obese rats for 12 weeks..leaves were proved to be rich in nutrients and minerals. Diversity of phenolic compounds in MEML was evidenced via LC-ESI-MS analysis. The chronic administration of HFD in rats led to an increase in the body weight gain, total cholesterol, and triglycerides and reduction in the HDL-C levels. The obtained results indicated a significant increase (<0.05) in the cardiac marker enzyme level in obese rats. A significant decrease (<0.05) in the levels of cardiac catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities was accompanied with an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the high-fat diet group when compared to those of the control. The treatment with the MEML alleviated abnormalities in the serum biochemical parameters, balanced the antioxidant status, and reestablished the normal histological structure of the heart especially in the case of the higher concentration.leaves may be a promising candidate in the management of obesity and its related complications such as heart problems.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Moringa oleifera has immense potential to inhibit the tumor progression.

New cases of cancers are increasing at an alarming rate globally .
It has been hypothesized that modern cancer treatment is associated with lots of side effects and thus evoking the need to develop safer treatment measures .
Thus , the present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-carcinogenic potential of a highly nutricious plant '' ( MO ) and.GC-MS analysis of aqueous extract of ( AEMO ) was employed to identify the bioactive compound present .
Anti-tumor activity of AEMO was assessed in EAC ( Ehrlich acites carcinoma ) induced solid tumor bearing mice by analyzing tumor weight ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) .
To assess AEMO induced cytotoxicity , EAC and HEp-2 ( Human laryngeal carcinoma ) cells were treated with AEMO ( 0.05 , 0.1 , 0.25 , 0.5 and 1 mg/ml ) for both 48 h and 72 h and trypan blue , MTT and LDH released assay was done .
Further , cell cycle assay and apoptosis assay was done in EAC cells to understand the mechanism of AEMO induced tumor regression.GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of quinic acid , octadecanoic acid , hexadecanoic acid ( palmitic acid ) , α-tocopherol @ @ @ @ @ @ @ bioactive compounds .
AEMO administration reduced the TV and TW of tumor-bearing mice and increases the life span .
Side effect analysis showed that AEMO treatment did not induce significant alterations of liver and kidney function and hematologicalparameters .
Further , cytotoxicity assays revealed that AEMO treatment induced dose and time-dependent toxicity in both the cell lines tested .
Flow cytometric analysis confirmed significant induction of apoptotic cells by changing the mitochondrial membrane potential in EAC cell line.The results of the present study suggest that AEMO has immense potential to inhibit the tumor @ @ @ @ @ @ @ functioning of the body and thus can be used as a cancer therapeutic agent .

New cases of cancers are increasing at an alarming rate globally. It has been hypothesized that modern cancer treatment is associated with lots of side effects and thus evoking the need to develop safer treatment measures. Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-carcinogenic potential of a highly nutricious plant"(MO)and.GC-MS analysis of aqueous extract of(AEMO) was employed to identify the bioactive compound present. Anti-tumor activity of AEMO was assessed in EAC (Ehrlich acites carcinoma) induced solid tumor bearing mice by analyzing tumor weight (TW) and Tumor volume (TV). To assess AEMO induced cytotoxicity, EAC and HEp-2 (Human laryngeal carcinoma) cells were treated with AEMO (0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml) for both 48 h and 72 h and trypan blue, MTT and LDH released assay was done. Further, cell cycle assay and apoptosis assay was done in EAC cells to understand the mechanism of AEMO induced tumor regression.GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of quinic acid, octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid),α-tocopherol (Vitamin-E) and ɣ-sitosterol as major bioactive compounds. AEMO administration reduced the TV and TW of tumor-bearing mice and increases the life span. Side effect analysis showed that AEMO treatment did not induce significant alterations of liver and kidney function and hematologicalparameters. Further,cytotoxicity assays revealed that AEMO treatment induced dose and time-dependent toxicity in both the cell lines tested. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed significant induction of apoptotic cells by changing the mitochondrial membrane potential in EAC cell line.The results of the present study suggest that AEMO has immense potential to inhibit the tumor progression without affecting the normal physiology and functioning of the body and thus can be used as a cancer therapeutic agent.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Acemannan sponge could be a biomaterial for inducing bone formation in sinus lift surgery.

Acemannan , the major polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera , is biomaterial that has demonstrated osteoinductive effectsandHowever , the effect @ @ @ @ @ formation in open-type sinus augmentation has not evaluated .
Here , we report a case @ @ @ @ @ analyses to investigate the effect of acemannan on bone formation after lateral sinus lift surgery @ @ @ @ @ 57-year-old female patient with an atrophic left posterior maxilla who underwent lateral sinus lift using @ @ @ @ @ two-stage procedure .
In the first stage , an acemannan sponge was inserted through the @ @ @ @ @ the antral floor and the elevated sinus membrane .
Cone beam computed tomography ( CBCT @ @ @ @ @ as baseline and 6-month postoperation for evaluation .
A bone core specimen was also obtained @ @ @ @ @ time of implant placement .
The histological results revealed new bone formation , and the @ @ @ @ @ bone height at 6-month postoperation .
Our findings suggest that an acemannan sponge could be @ @ @ @ @ formation in sinus lift surgery .

Acemannan, the major polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera, is biomaterial that has demonstrated osteoinductive effectsandHowever, the effect of acemannan sponges on bone formation in open-type sinus augmentation has not evaluated. Here, we report a case study using radiographic and histological analyses to investigate the effect of acemannan on bone formation after lateral sinus lift surgery. The case was a 57-year-old female patient with an atrophic left posterior maxilla who underwent lateral sinus lift using an acemannan sponge using the two-stage procedure. In the first stage, an acemannan sponge was inserted through the bony window and placed between the antral floor and the elevated sinus membrane. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken immediately as baseline and 6-month postoperation for evaluation. A bone core specimen was also obtained for histological examination at the time of implant placement. The histological results revealed new bone formation, and the CBCT images demonstrated increased alveolar bone height at 6-month postoperation. Our findings suggest that an acemannan sponge could be a biomaterial for inducing bone formation in sinus lift surgery.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--The current findings suggest that prenatal exposure to BPA may disrupt fetal thyroid hormones levels

The current findings suggest that prenatal exposure to BPA may disrupt fetal thyroid hormones levels and may induce long-lasting behavioural alterations.

Findings about the association between prenatal Bisphenol A ( BPA ) exposure and neurobehavioral development in children are still inconsistent .
In addition , whether fetal thyroid hormones ( THs ) mediate the reported association remains unclear .
The present study aimed to examine the association between prenatal BPA exposure and risks of child behavioral problems at 2 and 4 years of age and whether the association could be explained by alteration of fetal THs as measured in cord plasma .
Using the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study ( S-MBCS ) , BPA concentration was measured in maternal urine samples collected @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 's neurobehavioral development was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist/1.5-5 ( CBCL ) , at 2 and 4 years of age .
Using generalized estimating equation ( GEE ) models , 745 mother-pairs were included to examine associations of BPA with CBCL scores , Using multiple linear regression models , 348 mother-pairs were includedto evaluate the association between maternal BPA and THs in cord plasma .
A mediation analysis was conducted to explore the potential mediating role of THs .
After adjusting for potential confounders , prenatal BPA level was associated with increased @ @ @ @ @ @ @ problem , having Somatic Complaints , exhibiting Aggressive Behavior , and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems : compared to the lowest tertile , the risks in the highest tertile and middle tertile , ranged between 1.55-fold ( 95 % CI : 1.09 , 2.21 ) and 2.59-fold ( 95 % CI : 1.52 , 4.42 ) .
The association was more pronounced among boys .
None of the associations reached statistical significance among girls .
An inverse association between prenatal BPA and fetal TH level was also observed .
However , the observed neurotoxic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ appear to be mediated by THs levels .
The current findings suggest that prenatal exposure to BPA may disrupt fetal THs levels and may induce long-lasting behavioral alterations , especially in boys .

Findings about the association between prenatal Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and neurobehavioral development in children are still inconsistent. In addition, whether fetal thyroid hormones (THs) mediate the reported association remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the association between prenatal BPA exposure and risks of child behavioral problems at 2 and 4 years of age and whether the association could be explained by alteration of fetal THs as measured in cord plasma. Using the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study (S-MBCS), BPA concentration was measured in maternal urine samples collected at 12-16 weeks of gestation. Children's neurobehavioral development was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist/1.5-5 (CBCL), at 2 and 4 years of age. Using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, 745 mother-pairs were included to examine associations of BPA with CBCL scores, Using multiple linear regression models, 348 mother-pairs were includedto evaluate the association between maternal BPA and THs in cord plasma. A mediation analysis was conducted to explore the potential mediating role of THs. After adjusting for potential confounders, prenatal BPA level was associated with increased risks of Emotionally Reactive problem, Anxious/Depressed problem, having Somatic Complaints, exhibiting Aggressive Behavior, and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: compared to the lowest tertile, the risks in the highest tertile and middle tertile, ranged between 1.55-fold (95% CI: 1.09, 2.21) and 2.59-fold (95% CI: 1.52, 4.42). The association was more pronounced among boys. None of the associations reached statistical significance among girls. An inverse association between prenatal BPA and fetal TH level was also observed. However, the observed neurotoxic effects of prenatal BPA exposure did not appear to be mediated by THs levels. The current findings suggest that prenatal exposure to BPA may disrupt fetal THs levels and may induce long-lasting behavioral alterations, especially in boys.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Bisphenol A exposure in relation to altered lipid profile and dyslipidemia among Chinese adults: A r

Bisphenol A exposure in relation to altered lipid profile and dyslipidemia among Chinese adults: A repeated measures study.

Animal experiments suggest that bisphenol A ( BPA ) could potentially induce lipid abnormalities .
However , whether BPA exposure associates with altered lipid metabolism in humans has not been fully elucidated .
We thus comprehensively investigated the relationship of BPA exposure and its change with lipid profile and development of incident dyslipidemia among Chinese adults .
We initially included 1872 participants aged 40 years or older who were free of dyslipidemia at baseline in 2009 , and followed them for 4 years .
Urinary BPA and serum lipids including total cholesterol ( TC ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ HDL-C ) , and triglycerides ( TG ) were determined at baseline and follow-up .
Linear mixed models were used for repeated measures analyses and linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate longitudinal changes in lipid profile and risk of incident dyslipidemia .
In repeated measures analyses , per doubling of urinary BPA concentrations was associated with higher serum levels of LDL-C , non-HDL-C , TC to HDL-C ratio , and lower levels of HDL-C and TG .
In longitudinal change analyses , participants with high BPA at both baseline and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in LDL-C ( 95 % CI : 0.02 % , 5.95 % ) and 6.12 % increase in TG ( 95 % CI : 0.74 % , 11.8 % ) , as compared with those who maintained low BPA .
Furthermore , participants with sustained high BPA at two time points had increased odds of developing hyper-LDL cholesterolemia ( odds ratio = 1.93 , 95 % CI : 1.02 , 3.66 ) .
Our results suggested that high BPA exposure , especially maintained a long time period apart , was associated with deterioration @ @ @ @ @ @ @ adults , supporting a detrimental role of BPA in lipid metabolism .

Animal experiments suggest that bisphenol A (BPA) could potentially induce lipid abnormalities. However, whether BPA exposure associates with altered lipid metabolism in humans has not been fully elucidated. We thus comprehensively investigated the relationship of BPA exposure and its change with lipid profile and development of incident dyslipidemia among Chinese adults. We initially included 1872 participants aged 40 years or older who were free of dyslipidemia at baseline in 2009, and followed them for 4 years. Urinary BPA and serum lipids including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were determined at baseline and follow-up. Linear mixed models were used for repeated measures analyses and linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate longitudinal changes in lipid profile and risk of incident dyslipidemia. In repeated measures analyses, per doubling of urinary BPA concentrations was associated with higher serum levels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, TC to HDL-C ratio, and lower levels of HDL-C and TG. In longitudinal change analyses, participants with high BPA at both baseline and follow-up showed an additional 2.94% increase in LDL-C (95% CI: 0.02%, 5.95%) and 6.12% increase in TG (95% CI: 0.74%, 11.8%), as compared with those who maintained low BPA. Furthermore, participants with sustained high BPA at two time points had increased odds of developing hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (odds ratio = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.66). Our results suggested that high BPA exposure, especially maintained a long time period apart, was associated with deterioration of lipid profiles among middle-aged and elderly adults, supporting a detrimental role of BPA in lipid metabolism.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-25--Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A increases in the adulthood of the offspring the susceptibility to

Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A increases in the adulthood of the offspring the susceptibility to the human parasite Toxocara canis.

Bisphenol A , a very widespread environmental pollutant and endocrine disruptor compound , can interact with several steroid receptors , particularly with estrogen ones .
In different studies , it has observed that the endocrine disruption during critical periods of development can trigger alterations in the immune response during the adult life .
Male Wistar rats were exposed indirectly to BPA at a dose of 250 μg/kg day during the perinatal period ( from day 5 of pregnancy until day 21 postnatal ) , At the 60 days of age , the adulthood , animals were infected with larvated eggs @ @ @ @ @ @ @ sacrificed at 7 days post-infection .
Parasitic loads in the lung and in the liver were analyzed byartificial digestion .
Furthermore , immune cell subpopulations ( macrophages , NK cells , Tγδ , total T cells , T helper , T cytotoxic , and B lymphocytes ) present in spleen , peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry .
The expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines at the splenic level was determined by real-time quantitative PCR .
Finally , the titers of specific antibodies against to the parasite were analyzed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the perinatally stage favors a significant increase of the percentage of Toxocara canis larvae in the lungs and liver in the adulthood .
Additionally , the exposure to this compound caused a dramatically decrease in the production of specific antibodies against to this parasite , downregulating together Th2 cytokines ( IL-4 , IL-5 and IL-13 ) , meanwhile upregulated Th1 cytokines ( IFN-γ and TNF-α ) .
Perinatal exposure to BPA affects the performance of the immune response during adult life , modifying both cytokines and antibodies production by these cells , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ specifically toxocariosis .

Bisphenol A, a very widespread environmental pollutant and endocrine disruptor compound, can interact with several steroid receptors, particularly with estrogen ones. In different studies, it has observed that the endocrine disruption during critical periods of development can trigger alterations in the immune response during the adult life. Male Wistar rats were exposed indirectly to BPA at a dose of 250 μg/kg day during the perinatal period (from day 5 of pregnancy until day 21 postnatal), At the 60 days of age, the adulthood, animals were infected with larvated eggs of the Toxocara canis, and were sacrificed at 7 days post-infection. Parasitic loads in the lung and in the liver were analyzed byartificial digestion. Furthermore, immune cell subpopulations (macrophages, NK cells, Tγδ, total T cells, T helper, T cytotoxic, and B lymphocytes) present in spleen, peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines at the splenic level was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Finally, the titers of specific antibodies against to the parasite were analyzed by ELISA. The BPA treatment administrated in the perinatally stage favors a significant increase of the percentage of Toxocara canis larvae in the lungs and liver in the adulthood. Additionally, the exposure to this compound caused a dramatically decrease in the production of specific antibodies against to this parasite, downregulating together Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), meanwhile upregulated Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α). Perinatal exposure to BPA affects the performance of the immune response during adult life, modifying both cytokines and antibodies production by these cells, which favors the susceptibility to infections, specifically toxocariosis.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Dietary intake of choline and phosphatidylcholine could reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in men.

PURPOSE : To investigate associations of total dietary choline intake and its major dietary form , phosphatidylcholine , with type @ @ @ @ @ : We included 2332 men aged 42-60 years at baseline in 1984-1989 from the Kuopio @ @ @ @ @ Study in eastern Finland .
Dietary intakes were assessed with 4-d food recording at baseline @ @ @ @ @ was based on self-administered questionnaires , fasting and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test bloodglucose measurements @ @ @ @ @ to national health registries .
Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for statistical @ @ @ @ @ the mean 19.3-year follow-up , 432 men had type 2 diabetes diagnosis .
After multivariable @ @ @ @ @ highest vs. lowest choline intake quartile had 25 % ( 95 % CI 2-43 % @ @ @ @ @ P trend across quartiles = 0.02 ) and those in the highest vs. lowest phosphatidylcholine @ @ @ @ @ 95 % CI 22-55 % ) lower relative risk ( P trend CONCLUSIONS : Higher @ @ @ @ @ , was associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk among men .

PURPOSE: To investigate associations of total dietary choline intake and its major dietary form, phosphatidylcholine, with type 2 diabetes risk.
METHODS: We included 2332 men aged 42-60 years at baseline in 1984-1989 from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in eastern Finland. Dietary intakes were assessed with 4-d food recording at baseline. Type 2 diabetes diagnosis was based on self-administered questionnaires, fasting and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test bloodglucose measurements, or by record linkage to national health registries. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: During the mean 19.3-year follow-up, 432 men had type 2 diabetes diagnosis. After multivariable adjustments, those in the highest vs. lowest choline intake quartile had 25% (95% CI 2-43%) lower relative risk (P trend across quartiles = 0.02) and those in the highest vs. lowest phosphatidylcholine quartile had 41% (95% CI 22-55%) lower relative risk (P trend < 0.001) of type 2 diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher choline intake, especially phosphatidylcholine, was associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk among men.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Ayahuasca and its base plants have potential applicability for Parkinson's disease treatment.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE : Ayahuasca is a tea produced through decoction of Amazonian plants .
It has been used for centuries by indigenous people of South America .
The beverage is considered to be an ethnomedicine , and it is traditionally used for the treatment of a wide range of diseases , including neurological illness .
Besides , some scientific evidence suggests it may be applicable to Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) treatment .
Thus , Ayahuasca deserves in depth studies to clarify its potential role in this disease .
AIM OF THE STUDY : This study aimed to use @ @ @ @ @ @ @ neuroprotective potential of the Ayahuasca beverage , the extracts from its matrix plants ( Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis ) , its fractions and its main alkaloids on the viability of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in an in vitro PD model .
MATERIAL AND METHODS : The cytotoxicity of Ayahuasca , crude extracts , and fractions of B. caapi and P. viridis , as well as neuroprotection promoted by these samples in a 6-hydroxydopamine ( 6-OHDA ) -induced neurodegeneration model , were evaluated by the MTT assay at two time-points : 48 h ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) .
The main alkaloids from Ayahuasca matrix plants , harmine ( HRE ) and N , N-dimethyltryptamine ( DMT ) , were also isolated and evaluated .
An untargeted metabolomics approach was developed to explore the chemical composition of samples with neuroprotective activity .
Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Electrospray Ionisation and Time-of-Flight ( UPLC-ESI-TOF ) metabolome data was treated and further analysed using multivariate statistical analyses ( MSA ) : principal component analysis ( PCA ) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis ( OPLS-DA ) .
Themetabolites were dereplicated using @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in house database .
The main alkaloids were also quantified by UPLC-MS/MS .
RESULTS : The samples did not cause cytotoxicity in vitro and three of samples intensely increased cell viability at T1 .
The crude extracts , alkaloid fractions and HRE demonstrated remarkable neuroprotective effect at T2 while the hydroalcoholic fractions demonstrated this neuroprotective effect at T1 and T2 .
Several compounds from different classes , such asβ-carbolines and monoterpene indole alkaloids ( MIAs ) were revealed correlated with this property by MSA .
Additionally , a total of 2419 compounds were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ showed potent neuroprotective action at 72 h , but it was not among the metabolites positively correlated with the most efficacious neuroprotective profile at either time ( T1 and T2 ) .
Furthermore , DMT was statistically important to differentiate the dataset ( VIP value > 1 ) , although it did not exhibit sufficient neuroprotective activity by in vitro assay , neither a positive correlation with T1 and T2 neuroprotective profile , which corroborated the MSA results .
CONCLUSION : The lower doses of the active samples stimulated neuronal cell proliferation and/or @ @ @ @ @ @ @ namely by preventing neuronal damage and improving cell viability against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity .
Intriguingly , the hydroalcoholic fractions exhibited enhanced neuroprotective effects when compared to other samples and isolated alkaloids .
This finding corroborates the significance of a holistic approach .
The results demonstrate that Ayahuasca and its base plants have potential applicability for PD treatment and the possibility to prevent its progression differently from current drugs to treat PD .

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: Ayahuasca is a tea produced through decoction of Amazonian plants. It has been used for centuries by indigenous people of South America. The beverage is considered to be an ethnomedicine, and it is traditionally used for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including neurological illness. Besides, some scientific evidence suggests it may be applicable to Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment. Thus, Ayahuasca deserves in depth studies to clarify its potential role in this disease.
AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to use an untargeted metabolomics approach to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of the Ayahuasca beverage, the extracts from its matrix plants (Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis), its fractions and its main alkaloids on the viability of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in an in vitro PD model.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cytotoxicity of Ayahuasca, crude extracts, and fractions of B. caapi and P. viridis, as well as neuroprotection promoted by these samples in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurodegeneration model, were evaluated by the MTT assay at two time-points: 48 h (T1) and 72 h (T2). The main alkaloids from Ayahuasca matrix plants, harmine (HRE) and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), were also isolated and evaluated. An untargeted metabolomics approach was developed to explore the chemical composition of samples with neuroprotective activity. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Electrospray Ionisation and Time-of-Flight (UPLC-ESI-TOF) metabolome data was treated and further analysed using multivariate statistical analyses (MSA): principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Themetabolites were dereplicated using the Dictionary of Natural Products and an in house database. The main alkaloids were also quantified by UPLC-MS/MS.
RESULTS: The samples did not cause cytotoxicity in vitro and three of samples intensely increased cell viability at T1. The crude extracts, alkaloid fractions and HRE demonstrated remarkable neuroprotective effect at T2 while the hydroalcoholic fractions demonstrated this neuroprotective effect at T1 and T2. Several compounds from different classes, such asβ-carbolines and monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) were revealed correlated with this property by MSA. Additionally, a total of 2419 compounds were detected in both ionisation modes. HRE showed potent neuroprotective action at 72 h, but it was not among the metabolites positively correlated with the most efficacious neuroprotective profile at either time (T1 and T2). Furthermore, DMT was statistically important to differentiate the dataset (VIP value > 1), although it did not exhibit sufficient neuroprotective activity by in vitro assay, neither a positive correlation with T1 and T2 neuroprotective profile, which corroborated the MSA results.
CONCLUSION: The lower doses of the active samples stimulated neuronal cell proliferation and/or displayed the most efficacious neuroprotection profile, namely by preventing neuronal damage and improving cell viability against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity. Intriguingly, the hydroalcoholic fractions exhibited enhanced neuroprotective effects when compared to other samples and isolated alkaloids. This finding corroborates the significance of a holistic approach. The results demonstrate that Ayahuasca and its base plants have potential applicability for PD treatment and the possibility to prevent its progression differently from current drugs to treat PD.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Psilocybin induces time-dependent changes in global functional connectivity.

BACKGROUND : The use of psilocybin in scientific and experimental clinical contexts has triggered renewed interest in the mechanism of action of psychedelics .
However , its time-dependent systems-level neurobiology remains sparsely investigated in humans .
METHODS : We conducted a double-blind , randomized , counterbalanced , crossover study comprising 23 healthy human participants who received placebo and 0.2 mg/kg of psilocybin orally on 2 different test days .
Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 3 time points between administration and peak effects : 20 minutes , 40 minutes , and 70 minutes after administration .
Resting-state functional connectivity was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ method and compared with cortical gene expression maps .
RESULTS : Psilocybin reduced associative , but concurrently increased sensory , brain-wide connectivity .
This pattern emerged over time from administration to peak effects .
Furthermore , we showed that baseline connectivity is associated with the extent of psilocybin-induced changes in functional connectivity .
Lastly , psilocybin-induced changes correlated in a time-dependent manner with spatial gene expression patterns of the 5-HT ( 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A ) and 5-HT ( 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A ) receptors .
CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that the integration of functional connectivity @ @ @ @ @ @ @ associative regions may underlie the psychedelic state and pinpoint the critical role of the serotonin 2A and 1A receptor systems .
Furthermore , baseline connectivity may represent a predictive marker of the magnitude of changes induced by psilocybin and may therefore contribute to a personalized medicine approach within the potential framework of psychedelic treatment .

BACKGROUND: The use of psilocybin in scientific and experimental clinical contexts has triggered renewed interest in the mechanism of action of psychedelics. However, its time-dependent systems-level neurobiology remains sparsely investigated in humans.
METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced, crossover study comprising 23 healthy human participants who received placebo and 0.2 mg/kg of psilocybin orally on 2 different test days. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 3 time points between administration and peak effects: 20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 70 minutes after administration. Resting-state functional connectivity was quantified via a data-driven global brain connectivity method and compared with cortical gene expression maps.
RESULTS: Psilocybin reduced associative, but concurrently increased sensory, brain-wide connectivity. This pattern emerged over time from administration to peak effects. Furthermore, we showed that baseline connectivity is associated with the extent of psilocybin-induced changes in functional connectivity. Lastly, psilocybin-induced changes correlated in a time-dependent manner with spatial gene expression patterns of the 5-HT(5-hydroxytryptamine 2A) and 5-HT(5-hydroxytryptamine 1A) receptors.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the integration of functional connectivity in sensory regions and the disintegration in associative regions may underlie the psychedelic state and pinpoint the critical role of the serotonin 2A and 1A receptor systems. Furthermore, baseline connectivity may represent a predictive marker of the magnitude of changes induced by psilocybin and may therefore contribute to a personalized medicine approach within the potential framework of psychedelic treatment.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--A single psilocybin dose is associated with long-term increased mindfulness.

A single dose of the serotonin 2A receptor ( 5-HT2AR ) agonist psilocybin can have long-lasting beneficial effects on mood , personality , and potentially on mindfulness , but underlying mechanisms are unknown .
Here , we for the first time conduct a study that assesses psilocybin effects on cerebral 5-HT2AR binding with [ C ] Cimbi-36 positron emission tomography ( PET ) imaging and on personality and mindfulness .
Ten healthy and psychedelic-naïve volunteers underwent PET neuroimaging of 5-HT2AR at baseline ( BL ) and one week ( 1W ) after a single oral dose of psilocybin ( 0.2-0.3 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) and mindfulness ( MAAS ) questionnaires were completed at BL and at three-months follow-up ( 3M ) .
Paired t-tests revealed statistically significant increases in personality Openness ( p = 0.04 , mean change [ 95 % CI ] : 4.2 [ 0.4 ; ∞ ] ) , which was hypothesized a priori to increase , and mindfulness ( p = 0.02 , mean change [ 95 % CI ] : 0.5 [ 0.2 ; 0.7 ] ) .
Although 5-HT2AR binding at 1W versus BL was similar across individuals ( p @ @ @ @ @ @ @ % CI ] : 0.007 [ -0.04 ; 0.06 ] ) , a post hoc linear regression analysis showed that change in mindfulness and 5-HT2AR correlated negatively ( β [ 95 % CI ] = -5.0 [ -9.0 ; -0.9 ] , p= 0.046 ) .
In conclusion , we confirm that psilocybin intake is associated with long-term increases in Openness and - as a novel finding - mindfulness , which may be a key element of psilocybin therapy .
Cerebral 5-HT2AR binding did not change across individuals but the negative association between @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that individual change in 5-HT2AR levels after psilocybin is variable and represents a potential mechanism influencing long-term effects of psilocybin on mindfulness .

A single dose of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist psilocybin can have long-lasting beneficial effects on mood, personality, and potentially on mindfulness, but underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we for the first time conduct a study that assesses psilocybin effects on cerebral 5-HT2AR binding with [C]Cimbi-36 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and on personality and mindfulness. Ten healthy and psychedelic-naïve volunteers underwent PET neuroimaging of 5-HT2AR at baseline (BL) and one week (1W) after a single oral dose of psilocybin (0.2-0.3 mg/kg). Personality (NEO PI-R) and mindfulness (MAAS) questionnaires were completed at BL and at three-months follow-up (3M). Paired t-tests revealed statistically significant increases in personality Openness (p = 0.04, mean change [95%CI]: 4.2[0.4;∞]), which was hypothesized a priori to increase, and mindfulness (p = 0.02, mean change [95%CI]: 0.5 [0.2;0.7]). Although 5-HT2AR binding at 1W versus BL was similar across individuals (p = 0.8, mean change [95%CI]: 0.007 [-0.04;0.06]), a post hoc linear regression analysis showed that change in mindfulness and 5-HT2AR correlated negatively (β [95%CI] = -5.0 [-9.0; -0.9], p= 0.046). In conclusion, we confirm that psilocybin intake is associated with long-term increases in Openness and - as a novel finding - mindfulness, which may be a key element of psilocybin therapy. Cerebral 5-HT2AR binding did not change across individuals but the negative association between changes in 5-HT2AR binding and mindfulness suggests that individual change in 5-HT2AR levels after psilocybin is variable and represents a potential mechanism influencing long-term effects of psilocybin on mindfulness.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Magnolia tea is recommended as a supplementary approach to ameliorate sleep quality of postpartum wo

The magnolia tea has been used in traditional oriental medicine for multiple purposes including sleep aid .
Postpartum depression is a mental illness that adversely affects the health and well-being of many families with newborns .
Given the known effectiveness and relative safety , herein we aimed to investigate whether magnolia tea has a palliative effect on postpartum depression .
The qualified participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group .
The participants in the intervention group drunk magnolia tea , while the control group received regular postpartum care only .
The outcome variables including Postpartum @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ( EPDS ) , and Postpartum Fatigue Scale ( PFS ) were assessed and compared .
In comparison with the control group , the intervention group demonstrated significant difference for physical-symptom-related sleep inefficiency ( PSQS Factor 2 ) at 3 weeks post-test ( = -2.10 , = .03 ) .
The comparison results also revealed significant differences for PFS at both 3 weeks post-test ( = -2.02 , = .04 ) and 6 weeks post-test ( = -1.99 , = .04 ) .
Further , magnolia tea intervention significantly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by the EPDS scores at 3 weeks post-test ( = -2.38 , = .02 ) and 6 weeks post-test ( = -2.13 , = .02 ) .
Our trial results suggested that drinking single-ingredient magnolia tea for a 3-week duration has positive effects on postpartum women .
Magnolia tea is recommended as a supplementary approach to ameliorate sleep quality of postpartum women , while alleviating their symptoms of depression .

The magnolia tea has been used in traditional oriental medicine for multiple purposes including sleep aid. Postpartum depression is a mental illness that adversely affects the health and well-being of many families with newborns. Given the known effectiveness and relative safety, herein we aimed to investigate whether magnolia tea has a palliative effect on postpartum depression. The qualified participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group. The participants in the intervention group drunk magnolia tea, while the control group received regular postpartum care only. The outcome variables including Postpartum Sleep Quality Scale (PSQS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Postpartum Fatigue Scale (PFS) were assessed and compared. In comparison with the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significant difference for physical-symptom-related sleep inefficiency (PSQS Factor 2) at 3 weeks post-test ( = -2.10, = .03). The comparison results also revealed significant differences for PFS at both 3 weeks post-test ( = -2.02, = .04) and 6 weeks post-test ( = -1.99, = .04). Further, magnolia tea intervention significantly alleviated the symptoms of depression, reflected by the EPDS scores at 3 weeks post-test ( = -2.38, = .02) and 6 weeks post-test ( = -2.13, = .02). Our trial results suggested that drinking single-ingredient magnolia tea for a 3-week duration has positive effects on postpartum women. Magnolia tea is recommended as a supplementary approach to ameliorate sleep quality of postpartum women, while alleviating their symptoms of depression.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Insecticidal and biting deterrent activities of Magnolia grandiflora essential oils and selected pur

Insecticidal and biting deterrent activities of Magnolia grandiflora essential oils and selected pure compounds against Aedes aegypti.

In our natural products screening program for mosquitoes , we tested essential oils extracted from different plant parts ofL .
for their insecticidal and biting deterrent activities against .
Biting deterrence of seeds essential oil with biting deterrence index value of 0.89 was similar to , -diethyl-3-methylbenzamide ( DEET ) .
All the other oils were active above the solvent control but the activity was significantly lower than DEET .
Based on GC-MS analysis , three pure compounds that were only present in the essential oil of seed were further investigated to identify the compounds responsible for biting deterrent activity @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was similar to DEET ( PNB = 0.8 ) , whereas 1-octanol with PNB value of 0.64 showed biting deterrence lower than 1-decanol and DEET .
The activity of 1-heptanol with PNB value of 0.36 was similar to the negative control .
Since 1-decanol , which was 3.3 % of the seed essential oil , showed biting deterrence similar to DEET as a pure compound , this compound might be responsible for the activity of this oil .
In in vitro A & K bioassay , 1-decanol with MED value of 6.25 showed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 12.5 ) .
Essential oils of immature and mature fruit showed high toxicity whereas leaf , flower , and seeds essential oils gave only 20 % , 0 % , and 50 % mortality , respectively , at the highest dose of 125 ppm .
1-Decanol with LCof 4.8 ppm was the most toxic compound .

In our natural products screening program for mosquitoes, we tested essential oils extracted from different plant parts ofL. for their insecticidal and biting deterrent activities against. Biting deterrence of seeds essential oil with biting deterrence index value of 0.89 was similar to,-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). All the other oils were active above the solvent control but the activity was significantly lower than DEET. Based on GC-MS analysis, three pure compounds that were only present in the essential oil of seed were further investigated to identify the compounds responsible for biting deterrent activity. 1-Decanol with PNB value of 0.8 was similar to DEET (PNB = 0.8), whereas 1-octanol with PNB value of 0.64 showed biting deterrence lower than 1-decanol and DEET. The activity of 1-heptanol with PNB value of 0.36 was similar to the negative control. Since 1-decanol, which was 3.3% of the seed essential oil, showed biting deterrence similar to DEET as a pure compound, this compound might be responsible for the activity of this oil. In in vitro A&K bioassay, 1-decanol with MED value of 6.25 showed higher repellency than DEET (MED = 12.5). Essential oils of immature and mature fruit showed high toxicity whereas leaf, flower, and seeds essential oils gave only 20%, 0%, and 50% mortality, respectively, at the highest dose of 125 ppm. 1-Decanol with LCof 4.8 ppm was the most toxic compound.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Magnolol alleviates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in transgenic C. elegans.

This study aims to investigate whether magnolol ( MG ) , a natural neolignane compound , can prevent AD induced by beta-amyloid ( Aβ ) and the possible mechanisms involved .
MG dose-dependently reduces Aβ deposition , toxicity and memory impairment caused by Aβ in transgenic C. elegans .
More importantly , these effects are reversed by GW9662 , a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ( PPAR-γ ) antagonist .
MG is more effective in enhancing PPAR-γ luciferase levels than honokiol ( HK ) .
Meanwhile , MG has the potential to bind with the ligand binding domain of PPAR-γ ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ inhibited the luciferase activity of NF-κB and its target genes of inflammatory cytokines , and this effect was blocked by GW9662 .
The luciferase activity of Nrf2-ARE expression can be activated by MG and decreased Aβ-induced reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) .
The target gene LXR of PPAR-γ is activated by MG , which upregulates ApoE and promotes microglia phagocytosis and the degradation of Aβ , and these effectswere also reversed by GW9662 .
In summary , MG can attenuate Aβ-induced AD and the underlying mechanism is the reduction of inflammation and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , which is dependent on PPAR-γ .

This study aims to investigate whether magnolol (MG), a natural neolignane compound, can prevent AD induced by beta-amyloid (Aβ) and the possible mechanisms involved. MG dose-dependently reduces Aβ deposition, toxicity and memory impairment caused by Aβ in transgenic C. elegans. More importantly, these effects are reversed by GW9662, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) antagonist. MG is more effective in enhancing PPAR-γ luciferase levels than honokiol (HK). Meanwhile, MG has the potential to bind with the ligand binding domain of PPAR-γ (PPAR-γ-LBD). As expected, MG inhibited the luciferase activity of NF-κB and its target genes of inflammatory cytokines, and this effect was blocked by GW9662. The luciferase activity of Nrf2-ARE expression can be activated by MG and decreased Aβ-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). The target gene LXR of PPAR-γ is activated by MG, which upregulates ApoE and promotes microglia phagocytosis and the degradation of Aβ, and these effectswere also reversed by GW9662. In summary, MG can attenuate Aβ-induced AD and the underlying mechanism is the reduction of inflammation and promotion of phagocytosis and degradation of Aβ, which is dependent on PPAR-γ.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Magnolol may be a promising chemoprotective agent for the prevention of muscle atrophy.

Cancer chemotherapy induces sarcopenia , which is a rapid loss of muscle mass that directly restricts daily activities and leads to poor quality of life and increased mortality .
Although hormone-related therapies have been used to improve appetite and nutritional status , current treatments are considered palliative .
Thus , the protection of skeletal muscle loss without adverse effects is essential to allow the maintenance of chemotherapy in cancer patients .
Magnolol fromhas several pharmacological effects including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities , but the protection from muscle atrophy is not well-understood .
In the present study , we investigated the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ macrophage subtypes in a cisplatin-induced sarcopenia mouse model .
We showed that magnolol significantly attenuated the body weight and the muscle loss induced by cisplatin injection .
The diameter of the tibialis anterior muscle was markedly increased after magnolol treatment in cisplatin-treated mice .
Importantly , magnolol increased macrophage infiltration into skeletal muscle while not affecting proliferation of macrophages .
Magnolol attenuated the imbalance of M1/M2c macrophages by increasing CD206CD163M2c tissue reparative macrophages .
Further , magnolol increased insulin-like growth factor ( IGF ) -1 expression .
This effect was also observed in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Taken together , magnolol may be a promising chemoprotective agent for the prevention of muscle atrophy through the upregulating M2c macrophages , which are a major source of IGF-1 .

Cancer chemotherapy induces sarcopenia, which is a rapid loss of muscle mass that directly restricts daily activities and leads to poor quality of life and increased mortality. Although hormone-related therapies have been used to improve appetite and nutritional status, current treatments are considered palliative. Thus, the protection of skeletal muscle loss without adverse effects is essential to allow the maintenance of chemotherapy in cancer patients. Magnolol fromhas several pharmacological effects including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities, but the protection from muscle atrophy is not well-understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of magnolol on muscle wasting and macrophage subtypes in a cisplatin-induced sarcopenia mouse model. We showed that magnolol significantly attenuated the body weight and the muscle loss induced by cisplatin injection. The diameter of the tibialis anterior muscle was markedly increased after magnolol treatment in cisplatin-treated mice. Importantly, magnolol increased macrophage infiltration into skeletal muscle while not affecting proliferation of macrophages. Magnolol attenuated the imbalance of M1/M2c macrophages by increasing CD206CD163M2c tissue reparative macrophages. Further, magnolol increased insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 expression. This effect was also observed in bone marrow-derived macrophages upon magnolol treatment. Taken together, magnolol may be a promising chemoprotective agent for the prevention of muscle atrophy through the upregulating M2c macrophages, which are a major source of IGF-1.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--The results indicating that Magnolia officinalis is an alternative preventive treatment for early st

BACKGROUND : Neuroinflammation induced in response to damage caused by status epilepticus ( SE ) activates the interleukin ( IL ) 1-β pathway and proinflammatory proteins that increase vulnerability to the development of spontaneous seizure activity and/or epilepsy .
OBJECTIVES : To assess the short-term anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Magnolia officinalis ( MO ) on recurrent SE in immature rats .
METHODS : Sprague-Dawley rats at PN day 10 were used ; n = 60 rats were divided into two control groups , SHAM and KA , and two experimental groups , MO ( KA-MO ) and Celecoxib ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a single dose of MO was evaluated at 6 and 24 hr by Western blotting and on day 30 PN via a subchronic administration of MO to assess neuronal preservation and hippocampal gliosis by immunohistochemistry for NeunN and GFAP , respectively .
RESULTS : KA-MO caused a decrease in the expression of IL1-β and Cox-2 at 6 and 24 h post treatment , a reduction in iNOS synthase at 6 and 24 hr post treatment and reduced neuronal loss and gliosis at postnatal day 30 , similar to Clbx .
CONCLUSION : The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ alternative preventive treatment for early stages of epileptogenesis are encouraging .

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation induced in response to damage caused by status epilepticus (SE) activates the interleukin (IL)1-β pathway and proinflammatory proteins that increase vulnerability to the development of spontaneous seizure activity and/or epilepsy.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the short-term anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Magnolia officinalis (MO) on recurrent SE in immature rats.
METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats at PN day 10 were used; n = 60 rats were divided into two control groups, SHAM and KA, and two experimental groups, MO (KA-MO) and Celecoxib (KA-Clbx). The anti-inflammatory effect of a single dose of MO was evaluated at 6 and 24 hr by Western blotting and on day 30 PN via a subchronic administration of MO to assess neuronal preservation and hippocampal gliosis by immunohistochemistry for NeunN and GFAP, respectively.
RESULTS: KA-MO caused a decrease in the expression of IL1-β and Cox-2 at 6 and 24 h post treatment, a reduction in iNOS synthase at 6 and 24 hr post treatment and reduced neuronal loss and gliosis at postnatal day 30, similar to Clbx.
CONCLUSION: The results indicating that Magnolia officinalis is an alternative preventive treatment for early stages of epileptogenesis are encouraging.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Consumption of diets rich in quercetin could be useful to counteract the adverse effects of high-fat

Consumption of diets rich in quercetin could be useful to counteract the adverse effects of high-fat diet-induced adipose dysfunction.

An impaired capacity of adipose tissue expansion leads to adipocyte hypertrophy , inflammation and insulin resistance ( IR ) under positive energy balance .
We previously showed that a grape pomace extract , rich in flavonoids including quercetin ( Q ) , attenuates adipose hypertrophy .
This study investigated whether dietary Q supplementation promotes adipogenesis in the epididymal white adipose tissue ( eWAT ) of rats consuming a high-fat diet , characterizing key adipogenic regulators in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes .
Consumption of a high-fat diet for 6 weeks caused IR , increased plasma TNFα concentrations , eWAT weight , adipocyte size @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) ratio .
These changes were accompanied by decreased levels of proteins involved in angiogenesis , VEGF-A and its receptor 2 ( VEGF-R2 ) , and of two central adipogenic regulators , i.e .
PPARγ and C/EBPα , and proteinsinvolved in mature adipocyte formation , i.e .
fatty acid synthase ( FAS ) and adiponectin .
Q significantly reduced adipocyte size and enhanced angiogenesis and adipogenesis without changes in eWAT weight and attenuated systemic IR and inflammation .
In addition , high-fat diet consumption increased eWAThypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha ( HIF-1α ) levels @ @ @ @ @ @ @ inflammation ( TLR-4 , CD68 , MCP-1 , JNK ) and activation of endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress , i.e .
ATF-6 and XBP-1 .
Q mitigated all these events .
Q and quercetin 3-glucoronide prevented TNFα-mediated downregulation of adipogenesis during 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes early differentiation .
Together , Q capacity to promote a healthy adipose expansion enhancing angiogenesis and adipogenesis may contribute to reduced adipose hypertrophy , inflammation and IR .
Consumption of diets rich in Q could be useful to counteract the adverse effects of high-fat diet-induced adipose dysfunction .

An impaired capacity of adipose tissue expansion leads to adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) under positive energy balance. We previously showed that a grape pomace extract, rich in flavonoids including quercetin (Q), attenuates adipose hypertrophy. This study investigated whether dietary Q supplementation promotes adipogenesis in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) of rats consuming a high-fat diet, characterizing key adipogenic regulators in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Consumption of a high-fat diet for 6 weeks caused IR, increased plasma TNFα concentrations, eWAT weight, adipocyte size and the eWAT/brown adipose tissue (BAT) ratio. These changes were accompanied by decreased levels of proteins involved in angiogenesis, VEGF-A and its receptor 2 (VEGF-R2), and of two central adipogenic regulators, i.e. PPARγ and C/EBPα, and proteinsinvolved in mature adipocyte formation, i.e. fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin. Q significantly reduced adipocyte size and enhanced angiogenesis and adipogenesis without changes in eWAT weight and attenuated systemic IR and inflammation. In addition, high-fat diet consumption increased eWAThypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) levels and those of proteins involved in adipose inflammation (TLR-4, CD68, MCP-1, JNK) and activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, i.e. ATF-6 and XBP-1. Q mitigated all these events. Q and quercetin 3-glucoronide prevented TNFα-mediated downregulation of adipogenesis during 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes early differentiation. Together, Q capacity to promote a healthy adipose expansion enhancing angiogenesis and adipogenesis may contribute to reduced adipose hypertrophy, inflammation and IR. Consumption of diets rich in Q could be useful to counteract the adverse effects of high-fat diet-induced adipose dysfunction.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Effects of flavonol quercetin on activity of lipid peroxide oxidation in experimental bacterial-immu

Effects of flavonol quercetin on activity of lipid peroxide oxidation in experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis.

The article presents the results of lipid peroxidation activity in blood serum , which were assessed on the base changes @ @ @ @ @ modification of proteins , TBA-active products , and total amount of nitrogen ( II ) @ @ @ @ @ NO ) .
Indices were determined on the 14day of development in experimental periodontitis both @ @ @ @ @ condition treatment with a water-soluble flavonol quercetin ( corvitin ) .
The treated animals take @ @ @ @ @ a dose 100 mg/kg weight for 7 days .
For further testing , blood serum @ @ @ @ @ were statistically analyzed using parametric and non-parametric indices .
In this investigation , characterized dynamics @ @ @ @ @ of oxidative processes activity were revealed both during the periodof formation and the course of @ @ @ @ @ it was found that , for the period of the most expressed inflammatory reaction in @ @ @ @ @ increase in the level of reactive forms of oxygen .
The treatment with flavonol quercetin @ @ @ @ @ stabilization of free radical processes and the suppression of the inflammatory reaction .

The article presents the results of lipid peroxidation activity in blood serum, which were assessed on the base changes in the level of oxidative modification of proteins, TBA-active products, and total amount of nitrogen (II) oxide metabolites (NO + NO). Indices were determined on the 14day of development in experimental periodontitis both without correction, and in condition treatment with a water-soluble flavonol quercetin (corvitin). The treated animals take intramuscular injections of corvitin in a dose 100 mg/kg weight for 7 days. For further testing, blood serum was selected. The results were statistically analyzed using parametric and non-parametric indices. In this investigation, characterized dynamics of changes in the indices of oxidative processes activity were revealed both during the periodof formation and the course of periodontitis. In particular, it was found that, for the period of the most expressed inflammatory reaction in the periodontal complex, intensive increase in the level of reactive forms of oxygen. The treatment with flavonol quercetin for 7 days resulted in stabilization of free radical processes and the suppression of the inflammatory reaction.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Effects of quercetin on antioxidant potential in the experimental periodontitis development.

The results of experimental research of antioxidant system are presented in this article .
Superoxide dismutase activity , catalase , @ @ @ @ @ on the 7and 14days of experimental periodontitis development both without correction and with the injection @ @ @ @ @ ( corvitin ) .
Hence , there was a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity , @ @ @ @ @ , and ceruloplasmin maintenance in the blood serum during acute period of inflammatory process .
@ @ @ @ @ 7 days resulted in stabilization of radical oxidation due to reduction of superoxide dismutase activity @ @ @ @ @ catalase activity , and ceruloplasmin concentration in the rat 's blood plasma with experimental bacterial-immune @ @

The results of experimental research of antioxidant system are presented in this article. Superoxide dismutase activity, catalase, and ceruloplasmin have been determined on the 7and 14days of experimental periodontitis development both without correction and with the injection of a water-soluble quercetin drug (corvitin). Hence, there was a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity, intensive increase in catalase activity, and ceruloplasmin maintenance in the blood serum during acute period of inflammatory process. The usage of flavonoid for 7 days resulted in stabilization of radical oxidation due to reduction of superoxide dismutase activity, maintenance at the high-level catalase activity, and ceruloplasmin concentration in the rat's blood plasma with experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Quercetin prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental preterm labor in mice and Increases offsp

Quercetin prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental preterm labor in mice and Increases offspring survival rate.

Premature labor is still a worldwide problem , causing serious social economic burden and family burden .
Currently , there is no effective way to prevent preterm labor .
Since inflammation increases the risk of preterm birth and quercetin is reported to have anti-inflammation , immune-enhancement , and antioxidative effects , this study aims to explore whether quercetin exerts inhibitory effect on preterm labor in mice and increases offspring survival .
Lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) is one of the commonly used drugs in the inflammatory animal model of preterm birth .
On day 15 of pregnancy , mice received a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) or a dose of quercetin ( low concentration , 30 mg/kg ; medium concentration , 90 mg/kg ; high concentrations , 150 mg/kg ) via oral gavage .
After 2 h , mice received a dose of LPS ( 50 μg/kg ) or vehicle intraperitoneally ( i.p. )
.
In the absence of quercetin , a 100 % incidence of preterm labor was observed in LPS-treated mice , and the fetuses wereall died .
Medium concentration of quercetin significantly prevented 63.5 % of LPS-induced inflammatory preterm labor , and the survival rate @ @ @ @ @ @ @ % .
Specifically , quercetin significantly inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of NF-kappa-B/P65 ( RELA ) , AP-1/C-JUN ( JUN ) , cyclooxygenase-2 ( PTGS2 ) , and interleukin 6 ( IL6 ) in mice myometrium on mRNA level and inhibited the upregulation of P65 and C-JUN on protein level .
Based on these observations , we concluded that quercetin exerts inhibitory effect on LPS-induced experimental mice preterm labor and increases offspring survival througha mechanism involving NF-κB/AP-1 pathway .

Premature labor is still a worldwide problem, causing serious social economic burden and family burden. Currently, there is no effective way to prevent preterm labor. Since inflammation increases the risk of preterm birth and quercetin is reported to have anti-inflammation, immune-enhancement, and antioxidative effects, this study aims to explore whether quercetin exerts inhibitory effect on preterm labor in mice and increases offspring survival. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the commonly used drugs in the inflammatory animal model of preterm birth. On day 15 of pregnancy, mice received a dose of vehicle phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or a dose of quercetin (low concentration, 30 mg/kg; medium concentration, 90 mg/kg; high concentrations, 150 mg/kg) via oral gavage. After 2 h, mice received a dose of LPS (50 μg/kg) or vehicle intraperitoneally (i.p.). In the absence of quercetin, a 100% incidence of preterm labor was observed in LPS-treated mice, and the fetuses wereall died. Medium concentration of quercetin significantly prevented 63.5% of LPS-induced inflammatory preterm labor, and the survival rate of pups on day 22 was 83.76%. Specifically, quercetin significantly inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of NF-kappa-B/P65(RELA), AP-1/C-JUN(JUN), cyclooxygenase-2(PTGS2), and interleukin 6(IL6) in mice myometrium on mRNA level and inhibited the upregulation of P65 and C-JUN on protein level. Based on these observations, we concluded that quercetin exerts inhibitory effect on LPS-induced experimental mice preterm labor and increases offspring survival througha mechanism involving NF-κB/AP-1 pathway.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Co-administration of natural compounds and chemotherapeutic drugs could be an effective strategy to

Co-administration of natural compounds and chemotherapeutic drugs could be an effective strategy to overcome tumor multidrug resistance.

The therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy in many types of hematological malignancies and solid tumors is dramatically hindered by multidrug resistance @ @ @ @ @ work presents a combination strategy of pretreatment of MDA-MB-231/MDR1 cells with quercetin ( QU ) @ @ @ @ @ ) to overcome MDR , which can be delivered by mixed micelles composed of the @ @ @ @ @ d-α-tocopheryl poly ( ethylene glycol ) 1000 succinate .
The combination strategy can enhance the @ @ @ @ @ cells by increasing intracellular DOX accumulation and facilitating DOX-induced apoptosis .
The probable MDR reversal @ @ @ @ @ cells with QU-loaded mixed micelles downregulate P-glycoprotein expression to decrease DOX efflux as well as @ @ @ @ @ accelerate DOX-induced apoptosis .
In addition , this combination strategy can not only potentiatetumor-targeting efficiency @ @ @ @ @ effect in MDA-MB-231/MDR1-bearing nude mice without toxicity or side effects .
This research suggests that @ @ @ @ @ and chemotherapeutic drugs could be an effective strategy to overcome tumor MDR , which deserves @ @ @

The therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy in many types of hematological malignancies and solid tumors is dramatically hindered by multidrug resistance (MDR). This work presents a combination strategy of pretreatment of MDA-MB-231/MDR1 cells with quercetin (QU) followed by doxorubicin (DOX) to overcome MDR, which can be delivered by mixed micelles composed of the reduction-sensitive hyaluronic acid-based conjugate and d-α-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate. The combination strategy can enhance the cytotoxicity of DOX on MDA-MB-231/MDR1 cells by increasing intracellular DOX accumulation and facilitating DOX-induced apoptosis. The probable MDR reversal mechanisms are that the pretreatment cells with QU-loaded mixed micelles downregulate P-glycoprotein expression to decrease DOX efflux as well as initiate mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways to accelerate DOX-induced apoptosis. In addition, this combination strategy can not only potentiatetumor-targeting efficiency but also enhance the antitumor effect in MDA-MB-231/MDR1-bearing nude mice without toxicity or side effects. This research suggests that the co-administration of natural compounds and chemotherapeutic drugs could be an effective strategy to overcome tumor MDR, which deserves further exploration.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Quercetin alleviated dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Background It is estimated that about 5-10 % of women suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS ) which is a major cause of female reproductive dysfunction .
This study examined the role of quercetin on dehydroepiandrosterone ( DHEA ) -induced PCO in Wistar rats .
Methods Twenty-eight pre-pubertal female Wistar rats that are 21 days old weighing 16-21 g were sorted into four groups ( n = 7 ) .
Group I served as control and was given distilled water only , Group II were injected with 6 mg/100 g BW of DHEA in 0.2 mL of corn oil @ @ @ @ @ @ @ BW of quercetin orally and Group IV received 6 mg/100 g BW of DHEA in 0.2 mL of corn oil subcutaneously and 100 mg/kg BW of quercetin orally .
Rats were sacrificed after 15 days by cervical dislocation method .
Blood samples and ovaries were collected for hormonal , biochemical , and histopathological analysis and expressions of mRNA androgen receptor gene were determined using RT-qPCR .
All data were analysed using one-way ANOVA .
Results A significant decrease ( p < 0.05 ) in the antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activity in the DHEA @ @ @ @ @ @ @ control .
DHEA co-administration with quercetin showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde and cytokines when compared with DHEA treated group .
Also a significant increase in progesterone , metabolic and antioxidant enzyme activity was observed .
The histopathology demonstrates a reduction in cystic and atretic cells , improved expression of BCl2 , E-Cadherin and a decrease in Bax .
Conclusions Quercetin alleviated DHEA-induced PCO .
These effects could be attributed to its antioxidant property .

Background It is estimated that about 5-10% of women suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) which is a major cause of female reproductive dysfunction. This study examined the role of quercetin on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCO in Wistar rats. Methods Twenty-eight pre-pubertal female Wistar rats that are 21 days old weighing 16-21 g were sorted into four groups (n = 7). Group I served as control and was given distilled water only, Group II were injected with 6 mg/100 g BW of DHEA in 0.2 mL of corn oil subcutaneously, Group III received 100 mg/kg BW of quercetin orally and Group IV received 6 mg/100 g BW of DHEA in 0.2 mL of corn oil subcutaneously and 100 mg/kg BW of quercetin orally. Rats were sacrificed after 15 days by cervical dislocation method. Blood samples and ovaries were collected for hormonal, biochemical, and histopathological analysis and expressions of mRNA androgen receptor gene were determined using RT-qPCR. All data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. Results A significant decrease (p<0.05) in the antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activity in the DHEA treated group was observed when compared with control. DHEA co-administration with quercetin showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde and cytokines when compared with DHEA treated group. Also a significant increase in progesterone, metabolic and antioxidant enzyme activity was observed. The histopathology demonstrates a reduction in cystic and atretic cells, improved expression of BCl2, E-Cadherin and a decrease in Bax. Conclusions Quercetin alleviated DHEA-induced PCO. These effects could be attributed to its antioxidant property.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-26--Quercetin treatment may not be advantageous for improving endurance exercise performance.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic quercetin treatment on mitochondrial biogenesis , endurance exercise performance and activation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) in rat skeletal muscle .
Rats were assigned to a control or quercetin group and were fed for 7 days .
Rats treated with quercetin showed no changes in the protein levels of citrate synthase or cytochrome C oxidase IV or those of sirtuin 1 , peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α or phosphorylated AMPK .
After endurance swimming exercise , quercetin-treated rats demonstrated no differences in blood and muscle @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to control rats .
These results indicate that quercetin treatment does not stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle and does not influence metabolism in a way that might enhance endurance exercise capacity .
On the other hand , the AMPK phosphorylation level immediately after exercise was significantly lower in quercetin-treated muscles , suggesting that quercetin treatment might provide a disadvantage to muscle adaptation when administered with exercise training .
The molecular results of this study indicate that quercetin treatment may not be advantageous for improving endurance exercise performance , at least after high-dose @ @ @ @

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic quercetin treatment on mitochondrial biogenesis, endurance exercise performance and activation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in rat skeletal muscle. Rats were assigned to a control or quercetin group and were fed for 7 days. Rats treated with quercetin showed no changes in the protein levels of citrate synthase or cytochrome C oxidase IV or those of sirtuin 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α or phosphorylated AMPK. After endurance swimming exercise, quercetin-treated rats demonstrated no differences in blood and muscle lactate levels or glycogen utilization speed compared to control rats. These results indicate that quercetin treatment does not stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle and does not influence metabolism in a way that might enhance endurance exercise capacity. On the other hand, the AMPK phosphorylation level immediately after exercise was significantly lower in quercetin-treated muscles, suggesting that quercetin treatment might provide a disadvantage to muscle adaptation when administered with exercise training. The molecular results of this study indicate that quercetin treatment may not be advantageous for improving endurance exercise performance, at least after high-dose and short-term therapy.