greenmedinfo--2020-05-30--Yoga and psychiatric disorders: a review of biomarker evidence.

Traditionally , yoga has been used as a means for spiritual growth but over the past two decades or so @ @ @ @ @ disorders have been scientifically explored .
Yoga has been shown to be useful as a @ @ @ @ @ depression and as an adjuvant in several psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia , anxiety disorders , @ @ @ @ @ Cognitive Impairment .
Furthermore , systematic attempts have been made to understand the biological correlates @ @ @ @ @ disorders .
Given that no psychiatric disorder has strong and established biomarkers , it is @ @ @ @ @ demonstrated significant changes in certain important biomarkers following regular yoga practice .
In this brief @ @ @ @ @ update on the effects of yoga on biochemical , neuro-physiological and neuro-imaging related bio-markers in @ @ @ @ @ and trends are promising , much more research is warranted to establish a definite biological @ @ @ @ @ .

Traditionally, yoga has been used as a means for spiritual growth but over the past two decades or so its therapeutic benefits in psychiatric disorders have been scientifically explored. Yoga has been shown to be useful as a mono-therapy in mild to moderate depression and as an adjuvant in several psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Furthermore, systematic attempts have been made to understand the biological correlates of yoga in these psychiatric disorders. Given that no psychiatric disorder has strong and established biomarkers, it is interesting that preliminary research has demonstrated significant changes in certain important biomarkers following regular yoga practice. In this brief review, we provide an update on the effects of yoga on biochemical, neuro-physiological and neuro-imaging related bio-markers in psychiatric disorders. Although findings and trends are promising, much more research is warranted to establish a definite biological basis for yoga in psychiatry.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-30--Greater reductions in depressive symptoms were associated with higher frequency of yoga sessions per

Greater reductions in depressive symptoms were associated with higher frequency of yoga sessions per week.

OBJECTIVE : To assess whether physically active yoga is superior to waitlist control , treatment as usual and attention control in alleviating depressive symptoms in people with a diagnosed mental disorder recognised by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) .
DESIGN : Systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses ( PRISMA ) guidelines .
DATA SOURCES : Data were obtained from online databases ( MEDLINE , EMBASE , PsychINFO , CENTRAL , EMCARE , PEDro ) .
The search and collection of eligible studies was conducted up to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ CRD42018090441 ) .
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES : We included randomised controlled trials with a yoga intervention comprising≥50 % physical activity in adults with a recognised diagnosed mental disorder according to DSM-3 , 4 or 5 .
RESULTS : 19 studies were included in the review ( 1080 participants ) and 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis ( 632 participants ) .
Disorders of depression , post-traumatic stress , schizophrenia , anxiety , alcohol dependence and bipolar were included .
Yoga showed greater reductions in depressive symptoms than waitlist , treatment @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mean difference=0.41 ; 95 % CI -0.65 to -0.17 ; p < 0.001 ) .
Greater reductions in depressive symptoms were associated with higher frequency of yoga sessions per week ( β=-0.44 , p < 0.01 ) .

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether physically active yoga is superior to waitlist control, treatment as usual and attention control in alleviating depressive symptoms in people with a diagnosed mental disorder recognised by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
DATA SOURCES: Data were obtained from online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CENTRAL, EMCARE, PEDro). The search and collection of eligible studies was conducted up to 14 May 2019 (PROSPERO registration No CRD42018090441).
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: We included randomised controlled trials with a yoga intervention comprising≥50% physical activity in adults with a recognised diagnosed mental disorder according to DSM-3, 4 or 5.
RESULTS: 19 studies were included in the review (1080 participants) and 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis (632 participants). Disorders of depression, post-traumatic stress, schizophrenia, anxiety, alcohol dependence and bipolar were included. Yoga showed greater reductions in depressive symptoms than waitlist, treatment as usual and attention control (standardised mean difference=0.41; 95% CI -0.65 to -0.17; p<0.001). Greater reductions in depressive symptoms were associated with higher frequency of yoga sessions per week (β=-0.44, p<0.01).


greenmedinfo--2020-05-30--Mindfulness-based yoga as an intervention to manage stress and burnout.

PURPOSE : Effects of a mindfulness-based ( MB ) yoga practice on stress , burnout , and indicators of well-being among nurses and health care professionals ( HCPs ) .
DESIGN : A randomized controlled trial , 80 HCPs assigned to either MB yoga intervention or control group .
METHOD : The MB yoga intervention group ( = 41 ) attended weekly yoga classes and practiced yoga independently .
The control group ( = 39 ) did not receive the yoga intervention .
Study participants completed pre- and postintervention questionnaires , instruments included ( a ) Perceived Stress Scale ; @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( c ) Vitality subscale of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 ; ( d ) Global Sleep Quality item , ( e ) Mindfulness Awareness Survey , and ( f ) subscale of the Brief Serenity Scale .
Diurnal salivary cortisol and blood pressure were assessed pre and postintervention .
CONCLUSION : The MB yoga intervention had a statistically significant effect on the health and well-being of nurses and HCPs , most specifically for measures of stress ; perceived stress , burnout , vitality , sleep quality , serenity , and mindfulness @

PURPOSE: Effects of a mindfulness-based (MB) yoga practice on stress, burnout, and indicators of well-being among nurses and health care professionals (HCPs).
DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial, 80 HCPs assigned to either MB yoga intervention or control group.
METHOD: The MB yoga intervention group ( = 41) attended weekly yoga classes and practiced yoga independently. The control group ( = 39) did not receive the yoga intervention. Study participants completed pre- and postintervention questionnaires, instruments included (a) Perceived Stress Scale; (b) Maslach Burnout Inventory; (c) Vitality subscale of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36; (d) Global Sleep Quality item, (e) Mindfulness Awareness Survey, and (f) subscale of the Brief Serenity Scale. Diurnal salivary cortisol and blood pressure were assessed pre and postintervention.
RESULTS: Significant improvements ( < .01) noted in MB yoga compared with control for self-reported factors, including stress (Perceived Stress Scale), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), vitality (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36), sleep (GSQ), serenity/inner haven (IH), and mindfulness (Mindfulness Awareness Survey). Diurnal cortisol slopes and blood pressure were not significantly improved.
CONCLUSION: The MB yoga intervention had a statistically significant effect on the health and well-being of nurses and HCPs, most specifically for measures of stress; perceived stress, burnout, vitality, sleep quality, serenity, and mindfulness.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-30--Psilocybin acutely alters the functional connectivity of the claustrum with brain networks that supp

Psilocybin acutely alters the functional connectivity of the claustrum with brain networks that support perception, memory, and attention.

Psychedelic drugs , including the serotonin 2a ( 5-HT ) receptor partial agonist psilocybin , are receiving renewed attention for their possible efficacy in treating a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders .
Psilocybin induces widespread dysregulation of cortical activity , but circuit-level mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear .
The claustrum is a subcortical nucleus that highly expresses 5-HTreceptors and provides glutamatergic inputs to arguably all areas of the cerebral cortex .
We therefore tested the hypothesis that psilocybin modulates claustrum function in humans .
Fifteen healthy participants ( 10M , 5F ) completed this within-subjects study in which whole-brain resting-state @ @ @ @ @ @ @ measured 100 min after blinded oral administration of placebo and 10 mg/70 kg psilocybin .
Left and right claustrum signal was isolated using small region confound correction .
Psilocybin significantly decreased both the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations as well as the variance of BOLD signal in the left and right claustrum .
Psilocybin also significantly decreased functional connectivity of the right claustrum with auditory and default mode networks ( DMN ) , increased right claustrum connectivity with the fronto-parietal task control network ( FPTC ) , and decreased left claustrum connectivity with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ right-claustrum connectivity with the DMN , while FPTC integrity and modularity were associated with right claustrum and left claustrum connectivity with the FPTC , respectively .
Subjective effects of psilocybin predicted changes in the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations and the variance of BOLD signal in the left and right claustrum .
Observed effects were specific to claustrum , compared to flanking regions of interest ( the left and right insula and putamen ) .
This study uses a pharmacological intervention to provide the first empirical evidence in any species for a significant @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , and supports a possible role of the claustrum in the subjective and therapeutic effects of psilocybin .

Psychedelic drugs, including the serotonin 2a (5-HT) receptor partial agonist psilocybin, are receiving renewed attention for their possible efficacy in treating a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Psilocybin induces widespread dysregulation of cortical activity, but circuit-level mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. The claustrum is a subcortical nucleus that highly expresses 5-HTreceptors and provides glutamatergic inputs to arguably all areas of the cerebral cortex. We therefore tested the hypothesis that psilocybin modulates claustrum function in humans. Fifteen healthy participants (10M, 5F) completed this within-subjects study in which whole-brain resting-state blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal was measured 100 min after blinded oral administration of placebo and 10 mg/70 kg psilocybin. Left and right claustrum signal was isolated using small region confound correction. Psilocybin significantly decreased both the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations as well as the variance of BOLD signal in the left and right claustrum. Psilocybin also significantly decreased functional connectivity of the right claustrum with auditory and default mode networks (DMN), increased right claustrum connectivity with the fronto-parietal task control network (FPTC), and decreased left claustrum connectivity with theFPTC. DMN integrity was associated with right-claustrum connectivity with the DMN, while FPTC integrity and modularity were associated with right claustrum and left claustrum connectivity with the FPTC, respectively. Subjective effects of psilocybin predicted changes in the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations and the variance of BOLD signal in the left and right claustrum. Observed effects were specific to claustrum, compared to flanking regions of interest (the left and right insula and putamen). This study uses a pharmacological intervention to provide the first empirical evidence in any species for a significant role of 5-HTreceptor signaling in claustrum functioning, and supports a possible role of the claustrum in the subjective and therapeutic effects of psilocybin.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-30--The ameliorative effect of Lactobacillus plantarum-12 on DSS-induced murine colitis.

Some strains of lactobacilli can exert beneficial effects on a host when ingested in an adequate dose , such as immunoregulation and anti-inflammatory activities .
In this study , the survival abilities under simulated gastrointestinal conditions , adhesion abilities on HT-29 cell monolayers , and hemolytic activities of four Lactobacillus plantarum strains were assessed .
Among the four strains , L. plantarum-12 showed the higher survival rate under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and adhesion index on the HT-29 cell monolayers , exhibitedγ-haemolytic activity and had no biological amine producing ability .
L. plantarum-12 was administered to dextran sodium sulfate ( DSS @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Balb/c mice by oral gavage for 10 days .
It was observed that the UC Balb/c mice showed symptoms of colonic atrophy , intestinal histopathological change , gut microbial disturbance , and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression .
L. plantarum-12 administration remarkably attenuated DSS-induced UC in mice .
L. plantarum-12 administration could restore gut microbiota by increasing beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and decreasing intestinal pathogenic bacteria like Proteobacteria .
L. plantarum-12 administration could improve immunity via activating the janus kinase-signal transducer and the activator of the transcription ( JAK-STAT ) pathway and up-regulating adenosine @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 protein ( IFIT1 ) , and enforce the intestinal barrier function by up-regulating mucin 2 ( MUC2 ) protein expression .
In conclusion , L. plantarum-12 could attenuate DSS-induced UC in Balb/c mice by ameliorating intestinal inflammation , and restoring the disturbed gut microbiota .
L. plantarum-12 could be used as promising probiotics to ameliorate colitis .

Some strains of lactobacilli can exert beneficial effects on a host when ingested in an adequate dose, such as immunoregulation and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the survival abilities under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, adhesion abilities on HT-29 cell monolayers, and hemolytic activities of four Lactobacillus plantarum strains were assessed. Among the four strains, L. plantarum-12 showed the higher survival rate under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and adhesion index on the HT-29 cell monolayers, exhibitedγ-haemolytic activity and had no biological amine producing ability. L. plantarum-12 was administered to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) Balb/c mice by oral gavage for 10 days. It was observed that the UC Balb/c mice showed symptoms of colonic atrophy, intestinal histopathological change, gut microbial disturbance, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. L. plantarum-12 administration remarkably attenuated DSS-induced UC in mice. L. plantarum-12 administration could restore gut microbiota by increasing beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and decreasing intestinal pathogenic bacteria like Proteobacteria. L. plantarum-12 administration could improve immunity via activating the janus kinase-signal transducer and the activator of the transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway and up-regulating adenosine deaminase (ADA) and interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 protein (IFIT1), and enforce the intestinal barrier function by up-regulating mucin 2 (MUC2) protein expression. In conclusion, L. plantarum-12 could attenuate DSS-induced UC in Balb/c mice by ameliorating intestinal inflammation, and restoring the disturbed gut microbiota. L. plantarum-12 could be used as promising probiotics to ameliorate colitis.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-30--Prophylactic effect of Lactobacillus plantarum KSFY06 on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric injury in mice.

The present study was conducted to determine the prophylactic effect of Lactobacillus plantarum KSFY06 ( LP-KSFY06 ) on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric injury in Kunming mice .
The experimental mice were allocated into six groups : the normal group , HCl/ethanol treated group , HCl/ethanol + ranitidine treated group , HCl/ethanol + Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp .
Bulgaricus ( LB ) treated group , HCl/ethanol + low concentration of Lactobacillus plantans KSFY06 ( LP-KSFY06-L ) treated group , and HCl/ethanol + high concentration of Lactobacillus plantans KSFY06 ( LP-KSFY06-H ) treated group .
The changes in daily body weight and food intake of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ treated group were the closest to those of the HCl/ethanol + ranitidine treated and normal groups .
LP-KSFY06 significantly inhibited the formation of gastric mucosal lesions , reduced the area of gastric lesions , inhibited gastric-juice secretion , and increased pH compared with the HCl/ethanol treated group .
After the treatment , the serum interleukin-6 ( IL ) -6 , IL-12 , tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) , and interferon-γ levels and the gastric-tissue IL-6 and IL-12 levels in the LP-KSFY06 ( including LP-KSFY06-L and LP-KSFY06-H ) group decreased compared with those @ @ @ @ @ @ @ level of serum and gastric tissue malondialdehyde was lower and the nitric oxide , total superoxide dismutase , and glutathione activities in the LP-KSFY06 treated mice were higher than those in the HCl/ethanol treated mice .
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blot analysis showed that LP-KSFY06 increased the mRNA and protein expression of the epidermal growth factor , epidermal growth factor receptor , vascular endothelial growth factor , inhibitor kappaB-α , neuronal nitric oxide synthase , and endothelial NOS and reduced the mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor kappaB , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and IL-1β in gastric tissues comparedwith the HCl/ethanol treated mice .
These experimental results showed that a high concentration ( 1.0 × 109 CFU per kg B.W . )
of LP-KSFY06 had a stronger effect on preventing gastric injury than a low concentration ( 1.0 × 108 CFU per kg B.W . )
of LP-KSFY06 .
These results suggest that LP-KSFY06 has a potential probiotic effect in preventing gastric injury .

The present study was conducted to determine the prophylactic effect of Lactobacillus plantarum KSFY06 (LP-KSFY06) on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric injury in Kunming mice. The experimental mice were allocated into six groups: the normal group, HCl/ethanol treated group, HCl/ethanol + ranitidine treated group, HCl/ethanol + Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus (LB) treated group, HCl/ethanol + low concentration of Lactobacillus plantans KSFY06 (LP-KSFY06-L) treated group, and HCl/ethanol + high concentration of Lactobacillus plantans KSFY06 (LP-KSFY06-H) treated group. The changes in daily body weight and food intake of the mice in the HCl/ethanol + LP-KSFY06-H treated group were the closest to those of the HCl/ethanol + ranitidine treated and normal groups. LP-KSFY06 significantly inhibited the formation of gastric mucosal lesions, reduced the area of gastric lesions, inhibited gastric-juice secretion, and increased pH compared with the HCl/ethanol treated group. After the treatment, the serum interleukin-6 (IL)-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ levels and the gastric-tissue IL-6 and IL-12 levels in the LP-KSFY06 (including LP-KSFY06-L and LP-KSFY06-H) group decreased compared with those in the HCl/ethanol treated group. The level of serum and gastric tissue malondialdehyde was lower and the nitric oxide, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione activities in the LP-KSFY06 treated mice were higher than those in the HCl/ethanol treated mice. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blot analysis showed that LP-KSFY06 increased the mRNA and protein expression of the epidermal growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, inhibitor kappaB-α, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and endothelial NOS and reduced the mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor kappaB, inducible NOS, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β in gastric tissues comparedwith the HCl/ethanol treated mice. These experimental results showed that a high concentration (1.0 × 109 CFU per kg B.W.) of LP-KSFY06 had a stronger effect on preventing gastric injury than a low concentration (1.0 × 108 CFU per kg B.W.) of LP-KSFY06. These results suggest that LP-KSFY06 has a potential probiotic effect in preventing gastric injury.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-30--Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG use is associated with early clearance of vancomycin-resistant enterococc

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG use is associated with early clearance of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in newborn patients.

Enterococci are microbiota microorganisms that normally have low virulence ; however , under some conditions they may cause community-acquired urinary tract and even hospital-acquired serious infections .
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci ( VRE ) can cause aggressive infections in immunosuppressive patients ; especially in newborns in intensive care units .
Asymptomatic gastrointestinal system carriers are important sources of VRE .
Asymptomatic patients colonized by VRE can infect both other patients and the environment .
Prevention of gastrointestinal colonization of VRE is an important issue to prevent VRE infection , and for rational use of hospital source.This study was carried out at Hacettepe @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Intensive Care Unit between November 2015 and March 2017 .
The newborn infants who were find as colonized by VRE during weekly surveillance VRE rectal stool culture screening were taken into the study .
A single dose of one million colonies ofGG ( LGG® ) was given to the study group daily .
The probiotic supplement continued until consecutive three negative cultures were detected or maximum 6 months .
Control group received conventional treatment.In the study group , VRE eradication was successful in 21 patients out of 22 within 6 months and 1 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ months .
In the control group , VRE was eradicated in 12 patients out of 23 and 11 patients continued to be colonized by VRE at 6 months .
There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (

Enterococci are microbiota microorganisms that normally have low virulence; however, under some conditions they may cause community-acquired urinary tract and even hospital-acquired serious infections. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) can cause aggressive infections in immunosuppressive patients; especially in newborns in intensive care units. Asymptomatic gastrointestinal system carriers are important sources of VRE. Asymptomatic patients colonized by VRE can infect both other patients and the environment. Prevention of gastrointestinal colonization of VRE is an important issue to prevent VRE infection, and for rational use of hospital source.This study was carried out at Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine in Newborn Intensive Care Unit between November 2015 and March 2017. The newborn infants who were find as colonized by VRE during weekly surveillance VRE rectal stool culture screening were taken into the study. A single dose of one million colonies ofGG (LGG®) was given to the study group daily. The probiotic supplement continued until consecutive three negative cultures were detected or maximum 6 months. Control group received conventional treatment.In the study group, VRE eradication was successful in 21 patients out of 22 within 6 months and 1 patient was still VRE positive at 6 months. In the control group, VRE was eradicated in 12 patients out of 23 and 11 patients continued to be colonized by VRE at 6 months. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups ( <.05).GG use is associated with early clearance of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in newborn patients.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-30--Probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus GG protects aagainst P. gingivalis aand F. nucleatum gut dysbiosis

Probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus GG protects aagainst P. gingivalis aand F. nucleatum gut dysbiosis.

OBJECTIVES : This study investigated changes induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis and on gastrointestinal histology and gut microbiome in a mouse model of experimental periodontitis .
The effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ( LGG ) in altering these changes was also investigated .
METHODS : IThirty-six mice were allocated into six groups .
Experimental alveolar bone loss was induced by oral inoculation with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum .
LGG was orally inoculated or orally gavaged .
Gastrointestinal tissue changes were assessed using histological analysis and immunohistochemistry .
Caecal microbiome was analysed by sequencing 16S rRNA genes of caecal content @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and F. nucleatum induced inflammation throughout gastrointestinal tract ( p less than 0.05 ) , increased expression of IL-6 in ileum ( p = 0.052 ) and altered composition of caecal microbiome ( p less than 0.05 ) in experimental mice compared to controls .
Mice treated with LGG had reduced tissue inflammation in duodenum ( p = 0.044 ) and lowered levels of IL-6 in ileum ( p = 0.048 ) when compared with disease .
LGG therapy influenced gut microbiome changes .
CONCLUSION : P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum inoculation induced @ @ @ @ @ @ @ microbiome .
Oral gavage with LGG exerted a protective effect against intestinal inflammation and limited gut microbiome changes associated with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum .

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated changes induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis and on gastrointestinal histology and gut microbiome in a mouse model of experimental periodontitis. The effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in altering these changes was also investigated.
METHODS: IThirty-six mice were allocated into six groups. Experimental alveolar bone loss was induced by oral inoculation with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. LGG was orally inoculated or orally gavaged. Gastrointestinal tissue changes were assessed using histological analysis and immunohistochemistry. Caecal microbiome was analysed by sequencing 16S rRNA genes of caecal content.
RESULTS: Inoculation with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum induced inflammation throughout gastrointestinal tract (p less than 0.05), increased expression of IL-6 in ileum (p = 0.052) and altered composition of caecal microbiome (p less than 0.05) in experimental mice compared to controls. Mice treated with LGG had reduced tissue inflammation in duodenum (p = 0.044) and lowered levels of IL-6 in ileum (p = 0.048) when compared with disease. LGG therapy influenced gut microbiome changes.
CONCLUSION: P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum inoculation induced significant changes in intestinal inflammation and caecal microbiome. Oral gavage with LGG exerted a protective effect against intestinal inflammation and limited gut microbiome changes associated with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-30--The postbiotic HM0539 from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG prevents intestinal infection by enterohemorrh

The postbiotic HM0539 from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG prevents intestinal infection by enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157.

OBJECTIVE : To assess the protective effect of the novel postbiotic HM0539 fromGG against intestinal infection by enterohemorrhagicO157 : H7 .
METHODS : We performed adhesion and invasion experiments to evaluate whether HM0539 could blockO157 : H7 adhesion to HT-29 cells .
The expressions of mucin2 and the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin in HM0539-treated HT-29 cells were analyzed using immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting .
Animal experiments were conducted in mice to observe the survival rate and changes in body weight , intestinal morphology and the intestinal barrier function after the challenge and HM0539 treatment .
RESULTS : @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ofO157 : H7 to HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner .
HM0539 treatment 4 h prior toO157 : H7 challenge significantly lowered the adhesion and invasion rates of bacteria as compared with the treatment administered at the same time of challenge ( < 0.05 ) .O157 : H7-induced down-regulation of mucin2 and tight junction proteins in HT-29 cells was obviously alleviated by HM0539 treatment of ( < 0.05 ) .
In the animal experiment , HM0539 treatment significantly inhibited body weight loss ( < 0.05 ) , alleviated jejunal injury , and inhibitedO157 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the challenged mice ( < 0.05 ) .
HM0539 also significantly up-regulated the expression of mucin2 and ZO-1 proteins in the jejunum ofO157 : H7-infected mice ( < 0.05 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : HM0539 not only inhibits the adhesion and invasion ofO157 : H7 to HT-29 cells , but also enhances the resistance againstO157 : H7 infection in mice by attenuating the destruction of mucin and tight junction proteins .

OBJECTIVE: To assess the protective effect of the novel postbiotic HM0539 fromGG against intestinal infection by enterohemorrhagicO157: H7.
METHODS: We performed adhesion and invasion experiments to evaluate whether HM0539 could blockO157: H7 adhesion to HT-29 cells. The expressions of mucin2 and the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin in HM0539-treated HT-29 cells were analyzed using immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting. Animal experiments were conducted in mice to observe the survival rate and changes in body weight, intestinal morphology and the intestinal barrier function after the challenge and HM0539 treatment.
RESULTS: HM0539 significantly inhibited the adhesion and invasion ofO157: H7 to HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. HM0539 treatment 4 h prior toO157: H7 challenge significantly lowered the adhesion and invasion rates of bacteria as compared with the treatment administered at the same time of challenge (<0.05).O157: H7-induced down-regulation of mucin2 and tight junction proteins in HT-29 cells was obviously alleviated by HM0539 treatment of (<0.05). In the animal experiment, HM0539 treatment significantly inhibited body weight loss (<0.05), alleviated jejunal injury, and inhibitedO157: H7-induced destruction of jejunal goblet cells in the challenged mice (<0.05). HM0539 also significantly up-regulated the expression of mucin2 and ZO-1 proteins in the jejunum ofO157:H7-infected mice (<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: HM0539 not only inhibits the adhesion and invasion ofO157: H7 to HT-29 cells, but also enhances the resistance againstO157: H7 infection in mice by attenuating the destruction of mucin and tight junction proteins.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-30--Adhesion and anti-inflammatory potential of lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in a sea buckthorn based beve

Adhesion and anti-inflammatory potential of lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in a sea buckthorn based beverage matrix.

The consumption of probiotic based foods due to their health promoting effects has increased over the years .
The consumption of probiotic based foods , due to their health promoting effects , has increased over the years .
Due to this rising demands , the application platforms of the food industry have directed their efforts in the development of novel functional probiotic beverages .
The presence of dietary phenolics and other beneficial components has made fruit-based matrices more popular for probiotic delivery .
However , very few studies to date have evaluated the impact of carrier matrices on the in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ biomarkers and targeted towards specific disease conditions .
In this study , we investigated the effect of a sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L. ) based , malt supplemented , beverage matrix ( SBT + M ) on the physiological characteristics of the probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GG ( ATCC 53103 ) ( LR ) .
No significant difference in the auto-aggregation and co-aggregation rates of LR fortified in SBT + M was observed compared to LR alone .
Storage conditions ( 4°C for 14 days ) did not affect the survival and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ HCT116 cell line .
More importantly , this study also determined the protective effect of SBT + M on the in vivo functionality of LR in alleviating LPS induced inflammation in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) .
The results showed that administration with SBT + M + LR significantly alleviated the LPS induced colonic damage , evidenced by the decrease in the overall histological and goblet cell scores compared to the LPS-treated group .
The protective effect of SBT + M + LR was higher compared to the effects of SBT + M @ @ @ @ @ @ @ pro-inflammatory cytokines ( TNF-α and IL-1β ) showed a marked decline by 84.7 % and 86.5 % respectively .
The highest expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was recorded in the SBT + M + LR treated group ( p < 0.001 ) .
The overall results reveal that the administration of SBT + M + LR showed the best effects in alleviating the LPS induced intestinal damage compared to the other test groups ( SBT + M and LR ) .
These protective effects could be attributed to the phenolic compounds present @ @ @ @ @ @ @ indicates the contributory role of the carrier matrix and merits further investigation for its use as a potential therapeutic agent for gastrointestinal inflammation .

The consumption of probiotic based foods due to their health promoting effects has increased over the years. The consumption of probiotic based foods, due to their health promoting effects, has increased over the years. Due to this rising demands, the application platforms of the food industry have directed their efforts in the development of novel functional probiotic beverages. The presence of dietary phenolics and other beneficial components has made fruit-based matrices more popular for probiotic delivery. However, very few studies to date have evaluated the impact of carrier matrices on the in vivo functionality of probiotic strains with specific biomarkers and targeted towards specific disease conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of a sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) based, malt supplemented, beverage matrix (SBT + M) on the physiological characteristics of the probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) (LR). No significant difference in the auto-aggregation and co-aggregation rates of LR fortified in SBT + M was observed compared to LR alone. Storage conditions (4°C for 14 days) did not affect the survival and the adhesion potential of LR to the HCT116 cell line. More importantly, this study also determined the protective effect of SBT + M on the in vivo functionality of LR in alleviating LPS induced inflammation in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed that administration with SBT + M + LR significantly alleviated the LPS induced colonic damage, evidenced by the decrease in the overall histological and goblet cell scores compared to the LPS-treated group. The protective effect of SBT + M + LR was higher compared to the effects of SBT + M or LRalone. The colonic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) showed a marked decline by 84.7% and 86.5% respectively. The highest expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was recorded in the SBT + M + LR treated group (p<0.001). The overall results reveal that the administration of SBT + M + LR showed the best effects in alleviating the LPS induced intestinal damage compared to the other test groups (SBT + M and LR). These protective effects could be attributed to the phenolic compounds present in the SBT matrix. Our study indicates the contributory role of the carrier matrix and merits further investigation for its use as a potential therapeutic agent for gastrointestinal inflammation.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-31--Luteolin and apigenin attenuate LPS-induced astrocyte activation and cytokine production.

Astrocytes release biologically active substances that cause inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases .
The present study investigated the effects of two flavonoids ( apigenin and luteolin ) on the production of IL-31 and IL-33 in lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) -activated astrocytes .
Cell viability was investigated using EZ-Cytox assay , mRNA expressions of IL-31 and IL-33 were analyzed by RT-PCR , protein expressions were analyzed by western blot , and cytokine secretion was analyzed by ELISA .
Apigenin and luteolin prevented astrocyte activation and inhibited mRNA and protein expression and secretion of IL-31 and IL-33 in the LPS-treated astrocytes .
Apigenin @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and STAT3 activations was responsible for the inhibition of IL-31 and IL-33 , while luteolin 's suppression of JNK , p38 , ERK , NF-κB , and STAT3 activations was responsible for the inhibition of IL-31 in the astrocytes .
Also , luteolin 's suppression of ERK , NF-κB , and STAT3 activations inhibited IL-33 production in the activated astrocytes .
In addition , apigenin and luteolin also prevented the translocation of activated STAT3 and NF-κB to the nucleus of the activated astrocytes and subsequently affected their DNA binding activities .
The results @ @ @ @ @ @ @ potentials as neuroprotective agents for the treatment of diseases involving astrocyte activation and detrimental production of IL-31 and IL-33 .

Astrocytes release biologically active substances that cause inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. The present study investigated the effects of two flavonoids (apigenin and luteolin) on the production of IL-31 and IL-33 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated astrocytes. Cell viability was investigated using EZ-Cytox assay, mRNA expressions of IL-31 and IL-33 were analyzed by RT-PCR, protein expressions were analyzed by western blot, and cytokine secretion was analyzed by ELISA. Apigenin and luteolin prevented astrocyte activation and inhibited mRNA and protein expression and secretion of IL-31 and IL-33 in the LPS-treated astrocytes. Apigenin's suppression of ERK, NF-κB, and STAT3 activations was responsible for the inhibition of IL-31 and IL-33, while luteolin's suppression of JNK, p38, ERK, NF-κB, and STAT3 activations was responsible for the inhibition of IL-31 in the astrocytes. Also, luteolin's suppression of ERK, NF-κB, and STAT3 activations inhibited IL-33 production in the activated astrocytes. In addition, apigenin and luteolin also prevented the translocation of activated STAT3 and NF-κB to the nucleus of the activated astrocytes and subsequently affected their DNA binding activities. The results suggest that apigenin and luteolin may have potentials as neuroprotective agents for the treatment of diseases involving astrocyte activation and detrimental production of IL-31 and IL-33.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-31--Apigenin can be used as a promising agent to reduce the renal adverse reaction of Imipenem in clinic

Apigenin can be used as a promising agent to reduce the renal adverse reaction of Imipenem in clinic.

Imipenem ( Imp ) is a widely used broad-spectrum antibiotic .
However , renal adverse effects limit its clinical application .
We previously reported that organic anion transporters ( OATs ) facilitated the renal transport of Imp and contributed its nephrotoxicity .
Natural flavonoids exhibited renal protective effect .
Here , we aimed to develop potent OAT inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicines ( TCMs ) and to evaluate its protective effect against Imp-induced nephrotoxicity .
Among 50 TCMs , Tribuli Fructus , Platycladi Cacumen , and Lycopi Herba exhibited potent inhibition on OAT1/3 .
After screening their main components , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cells with IC50 values of 1.98± 0.36 μM ( OAT1 ) and 2.29 ± 0.88 μM ( OAT3 ) .
Moreover , Imp exhibited OAT1/3-dependent cytotoxicity , which was alleviated by Apigenin .
Furthermore , Apigenin ameliorated Imp-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits , and reduced the renal secretion of Imp .
Apigenin inhibited intracellular accumulationof Imp and sequentially decreased the nephrocyte toxicity in rabbit primary proximal tubule cells ( rPTCs ) .
Apigenin , a flavone widely distributed in TCMs , was a potent OAT1/3 inhibitor .
Through OAT inhibition , at least in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of Imp and consequently protectedagainst the nephrotoxicity of Imp .
Apigenin can be used as a promising agent to reduce the renal adverse reaction of Imp in clinic .

Imipenem (Imp) is a widely used broad-spectrum antibiotic. However, renal adverse effects limit its clinical application. We previously reported that organic anion transporters (OATs) facilitated the renal transport of Imp and contributed its nephrotoxicity. Natural flavonoids exhibited renal protective effect. Here, we aimed to develop potent OAT inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and to evaluate its protective effect against Imp-induced nephrotoxicity. Among 50 TCMs, Tribuli Fructus, Platycladi Cacumen, and Lycopi Herba exhibited potent inhibition on OAT1/3. After screening their main components, Apigenin strongly inhibited Imp uptake by OAT1/3-HEK293 cells with IC50 values of 1.98± 0.36 μM (OAT1) and 2.29 ± 0.88 μM (OAT3). Moreover, Imp exhibited OAT1/3-dependent cytotoxicity, which was alleviated by Apigenin. Furthermore, Apigenin ameliorated Imp-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits, and reduced the renal secretion of Imp. Apigenin inhibited intracellular accumulationof Imp and sequentially decreased the nephrocyte toxicity in rabbit primary proximal tubule cells (rPTCs). Apigenin, a flavone widely distributed in TCMs, was a potent OAT1/3 inhibitor. Through OAT inhibition, at least in part, Apigenin decreased the renal exposure of Imp and consequently protectedagainst the nephrotoxicity of Imp. Apigenin can be used as a promising agent to reduce the renal adverse reaction of Imp in clinic.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-31--The targeted impact of flavones on obesity-induced inflammation and the potential synergistic role i

The targeted impact of flavones on obesity-induced inflammation and the potential synergistic role in cancer and the gut microbiota.

Obesity is an inflammatory disease that is approaching pandemic levels , affecting nearly 30 % of the world 's total population .
Obesity increases the risk of diabetes , cardiovascular disorders , and cancer , consequentially impacting the quality of life and imposing a serious socioeconomic burden .
Hence , reducing obesity and related life-threatening conditions has become a paramount health challenge .
The chronic systemic inflammation characteristic of obesity promotes adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic changes .
Macrophages , the major culprits in obesity-induced inflammation , contribute to sustaining a dysregulated immune function , which creates a vicious adipocyte-macrophage @ @ @ @ @ @ @ metabolic disorders .
Therefore , targeting regulatory inflammatory pathways has attracted great attention to overcome obesity and its related conditions .
However , the lack of clinical efficacy and the undesirable side-effects of available therapeutic options for obesity provide compelling reasons for the need to identify additional approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced inflammation .
Plant-based active metabolites or nutraceuticals and diets with an increased content of these compounds are emerging as subjects of intense scientific investigation , due to their ability to ameliorate inflammatory conditions and offer safe and cost-effective @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a class of flavonoids with anti-obesogenic , anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties .
Preclinical studies have laid foundations by establishing the potential role of flavones in suppressing adipogenesis , inducing browning , modulating immune responses in the adipose tissues , and hindering obesity-induced inflammation .
Nonetheless , the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-obesogenic activity of flavones remains scarce and requires further investigations .
This review recapitulates the molecular aspects of obesity-induced inflammation and the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages , while focusing on the current evidence on the health benefits @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , which has been positively correlated with an enhanced cancer incidence .
We conclude the review by highlighting the areas of research warranting a deeper investigation , with an emphasis on flavones and their potential impact on the crosstalk between adipocytes , the immune system , the gut microbiome , and their role in the regulation of obesity .

Obesity is an inflammatory disease that is approaching pandemic levels, affecting nearly 30% of the world's total population. Obesity increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer, consequentially impacting the quality of life and imposing a serious socioeconomic burden. Hence, reducing obesity and related life-threatening conditions has become a paramount health challenge. The chronic systemic inflammation characteristic of obesity promotes adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic changes. Macrophages, the major culprits in obesity-induced inflammation, contribute to sustaining a dysregulated immune function, which creates a vicious adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk, leading to insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. Therefore, targeting regulatory inflammatory pathways has attracted great attention to overcome obesity and its related conditions. However, the lack of clinical efficacy and the undesirable side-effects of available therapeutic options for obesity provide compelling reasons for the need to identify additional approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced inflammation. Plant-based active metabolites or nutraceuticals and diets with an increased content of these compounds are emerging as subjects of intense scientific investigation, due to their ability to ameliorate inflammatory conditions and offer safe and cost-effective opportunities to improve health. Flavones are a class of flavonoids with anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Preclinical studies have laid foundations by establishing the potential role of flavones in suppressing adipogenesis, inducing browning, modulating immune responses in the adipose tissues, and hindering obesity-induced inflammation. Nonetheless, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-obesogenic activity of flavones remains scarce and requires further investigations. This review recapitulates the molecular aspects of obesity-induced inflammation and the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages, while focusing on the current evidence on the health benefits of flavones against obesity and chronic inflammation, which has been positively correlated with an enhanced cancer incidence. We conclude the review by highlighting the areas of research warranting a deeper investigation, with an emphasis on flavones and their potential impact on the crosstalk between adipocytes, the immune system, the gut microbiome, and their role in the regulation of obesity.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-31--Anti-atopic dermatitis effects of hydrolyzed celery extract.

This study investigated the ameliorative effects of acid hydrolyzed celery extract ( HCE ) and celery extract ( CE ) in an atopic dermatitis ( AD ) mice model .
The results of the study showed that HCE , more than CE improved AD-like skin lesions caused by fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and house dust mite antigen administration .
Further analysis also showed the dominance of HCE than CE in preventing mast cell infiltration in the dermis ; inhibiting the IL-31 expression in mice skin and reducing the immunoglobulin-E , IL-4 , IL-5 , TNF-α , IFN-γ , IL-31 , and TSLP in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ studies in a murine macrophage cell line , we showed that apigetrin , luteolin , and apigenin present in both extracts could be accountable for the observed effects as these three compounds and not apiin prevented the nitric oxide productionin the murine macrophage .
Based on this study , we suggest that hydrolyzing celery extracts can improve the therapeutic efficacy of celery extracts for management of AD .
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS : Apigenin , apigetrin , and luteolin are known biologically active compounds present in celery .
Acid hydrolysis could increase the biologically active @ @ @ @ @ @ @ investigated the effects of acid HCE in a mice model of atopic dermatitis .
The data obtained from this study sheds light on the use of hydrolysis methods to improve the biological activities of plant extracts used in nutraceutical industries .

This study investigated the ameliorative effects of acid hydrolyzed celery extract (HCE) and celery extract (CE) in an atopic dermatitis (AD) mice model. The results of the study showed that HCE, more than CE improved AD-like skin lesions caused by fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and house dust mite antigen administration. Further analysis also showed the dominance of HCE than CE in preventing mast cell infiltration in the dermis; inhibiting the IL-31 expression in mice skin and reducing the immunoglobulin-E, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-31, and TSLP in serum of mice. Using in vitro studies in a murine macrophage cell line, we showed that apigetrin, luteolin, and apigenin present in both extracts could be accountable for the observed effects as these three compounds and not apiin prevented the nitric oxide productionin the murine macrophage. Based on this study, we suggest that hydrolyzing celery extracts can improve the therapeutic efficacy of celery extracts for management of AD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Apigenin, apigetrin, and luteolin are known biologically active compounds present in celery. Acid hydrolysis could increase the biologically active compounds in natural products. The research investigated the effects of acid HCE in a mice model of atopic dermatitis. The data obtained from this study sheds light on the use of hydrolysis methods to improve the biological activities of plant extracts used in nutraceutical industries.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-01--This study has given us greater confidence in the safety of the PI extracts we use for sleep-inducer

Although the number of prescriptions and dependence on sleeping pills are increasing , the associations with unexpected abnormal behaviors and metabolic diseases caused by the overuse of sleeping pills are not well understood .
In particular , such as abnormal eating-behavior and the occurrence of metabolic disorders caused by psychological unstable states are reported .
For this reason , herbal medicine , which has not had such side effects in recent years , is attracting attention as an alternative medicine/food for sleeping inducer .
We have used ethanol extracts from ( PI ) to steadily obtain positive effects on sleep @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mentioned earlier , sleep-inducing efficacy can only be used safely if the behavioral and metabolic abnormalities do not appear .
Thus , in this study , we used Phenomaster equipment to continuously monitor the movement , feeding , water consumption , gas changes , etc .
in C57BL/6 mice at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days with PI extract group compared with the control group .
Before sacrifice , differences in body composition of mice were also compared .
Monitoring of 24 h/5 days through the equipment showed no change @ @ @ @ @ @ @ significant decrease in blood melatonin levels and activity after PI administration .
Taken together , the statistically insignificance of any behavioral and metabolic phenomenon produced by repeated treatment of PI are not only expected to have an accurate sleep effect , but are also free of side effects of the prescribed sleeping pills .
This study has given us greater confidence in the safety of the PI extracts we use for sleep-inducer .

Although the number of prescriptions and dependence on sleeping pills are increasing, the associations with unexpected abnormal behaviors and metabolic diseases caused by the overuse of sleeping pills are not well understood. In particular, such as abnormal eating-behavior and the occurrence of metabolic disorders caused by psychological unstable states are reported. For this reason, herbal medicine, which has not had such side effects in recent years, is attracting attention as an alternative medicine/food for sleeping inducer. We have used ethanol extracts from(PI) to steadily obtain positive effects on sleep and brain microenvironment. However, as mentioned earlier, sleep-inducing efficacy can only be used safely if the behavioral and metabolic abnormalities do not appear. Thus, in this study, we used Phenomaster equipment to continuously monitor the movement, feeding, water consumption, gas changes, etc. in C57BL/6 mice at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days with PI extract group compared with the control group. Before sacrifice, differences in body composition of mice were also compared. Monitoring of 24 h/5 days through the equipment showed no change in PI-treated group in anything except for significant decrease in blood melatonin levels and activity after PI administration. Taken together, the statistically insignificance of any behavioral and metabolic phenomenon produced by repeated treatment of PI are not only expected to have an accurate sleep effect, but are also free of side effects of the prescribed sleeping pills. This study has given us greater confidence in the safety of the PI extracts we use for sleep-inducer.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-01--Acute effects of the consumption of Passiflora setacea juice on metabolic risk factors and gene expr

Acute effects of the consumption of Passiflora setacea juice on metabolic risk factors and gene expression profile in humans.

BACKGROUND : ( PS ) is a passionfruit variety of the Brazilian savannah and is a rich source of plant food bioactives with potential anti-inflammatory activity .
This study aimed to investigate the effect of an acute intake of PS juice upon inflammation , metabolic parameters , and gene expression on circulating immune cells in humans .
METHODS : Overweight male volunteers ( = 12 ) were enrolled in two double-blind placebo-controlled studies .
Blood samples were collected from fasting volunteers 3 h after the consumption of 250 mL of PS juice or placebo ( PB ) .
Metabolic parameters @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , high-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) , high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) , and total triglycerides ) and circulating cytokines were evaluated ( study 1 ) .
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC ) from the same subjects were isolated and RNA was extracted for transcriptomic analyses using microarrays ( study 2 ) .
RESULTS : Insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) levels decreased statistically after the PS juice intake , whereas HDL level increased significantly .
Interleukin ( IL ) -17A level increased after placebo consumption , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ juice consumption .
Nutrigenomic analyses revealed 1327 differentially expressed genes after PS consumption , with modulated genes involved in processes such as inflammation , cell adhesion , or cytokine-cytokine receptor .
CONCLUSION : Taken together , these clinical results support the hypothesis that PS consumption may help the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases .

BACKGROUND: (PS) is a passionfruit variety of the Brazilian savannah and is a rich source of plant food bioactives with potential anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an acute intake of PS juice upon inflammation, metabolic parameters, and gene expression on circulating immune cells in humans.
METHODS: Overweight male volunteers (= 12) were enrolled in two double-blind placebo-controlled studies. Blood samples were collected from fasting volunteers 3 h after the consumption of 250 mL of PS juice or placebo (PB). Metabolic parameters (insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total triglycerides) and circulating cytokines were evaluated (study 1). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from the same subjects were isolated and RNA was extracted for transcriptomic analyses using microarrays (study 2).
RESULTS: Insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels decreased statistically after the PS juice intake, whereas HDL level increased significantly. Interleukin (IL)-17A level increased after placebo consumption, whereas its level remained unchanged after PS juice consumption. Nutrigenomic analyses revealed 1327 differentially expressed genes after PS consumption, with modulated genes involved in processes such as inflammation, cell adhesion, or cytokine-cytokine receptor.
CONCLUSION: Taken together, these clinical results support the hypothesis that PS consumption may help the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-01--Piceatannol suppresses the proliferation and induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells.

Background : Piceatannol ( PIC ) is confirmed to inhibit the proliferation of various tumors , but its role in osteosarcoma still remains unknown .
This study investigated the function of PIC in osteosarcoma , aiming to provide a research basis for osteosarcoma therapy .
Methods : Human osteosarcoma cells in this study were , respectively , treated with PIC at various concentrations ( 0 , 20 , 40 , 80μmol/L ) , PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor ( LY294002 ) , or pathway activator ( 740Y-P ) plus PIC .
Osteosarcoma cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to establish xenograft @ @ @ @ @ @ @ into models .
The activity , proliferation , apoptosis and cell cycle of treated cells were determined by MTT test , colony formation assay or a flow cytometry .
The expressions of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins in cells and tumor tissues were measured by Western blot ( WB ) analysis .
Results : PIC ( 40 and 80μmol/L ) and LY294002 availably suppressed activity and proliferation and induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells .
PIC observably increased the number of cells retarded in G2 phase , but decreased the cell percentages in G1 and S @ @ @ @ @ @ @ effects of PIC on osteosarcomacells , which promoted cell activity and proliferation and restrained apoptosis .
In xenograft models , the volume and weight of the tumors treated by PIC were visibly alleviated than those untreated .
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was prominently inhibited in PIC-treated osteosarcoma cells and tumor tissues .
Conclusion : PIC suppresses the proliferation and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells through regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway , which is expected to be the therapeutic of osteosarcoma .

Background: Piceatannol (PIC) is confirmed to inhibit the proliferation of various tumors, but its role in osteosarcoma still remains unknown. This study investigated the function of PIC in osteosarcoma, aiming to provide a research basis for osteosarcoma therapy.
Methods: Human osteosarcoma cells in this study were, respectively, treated with PIC at various concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80μmol/L), PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor (LY294002), or pathway activator (740Y-P) plus PIC. Osteosarcoma cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to establish xenograft models, and PIC was intraperitoneally injected into models. The activity, proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of treated cells were determined by MTT test, colony formation assay or a flow cytometry. The expressions of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins in cells and tumor tissues were measured by Western blot (WB) analysis.
Results: PIC (40 and 80μmol/L) and LY294002 availably suppressed activity and proliferation and induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. PIC observably increased the number of cells retarded in G2 phase, but decreased the cell percentages in G1 and S phases. Conversely, 740Y-P reversed the effects of PIC on osteosarcomacells, which promoted cell activity and proliferation and restrained apoptosis. In xenograft models, the volume and weight of the tumors treated by PIC were visibly alleviated than those untreated. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was prominently inhibited in PIC-treated osteosarcoma cells and tumor tissues.
Conclusion: PIC suppresses the proliferation and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells through regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which is expected to be the therapeutic of osteosarcoma.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-01--Piceatannol-loaded emulsomes exhibit enhanced cytostatic and apoptotic activities in colon cancer ce

Piceatannol-loaded emulsomes exhibit enhanced cytostatic and apoptotic activities in colon cancer cells.

Piceatannol ( PIC ) , a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene , has pleiotropic pharmacological activities .
It has reported cytotoxic activities against different cancer cells .
In the present study , PIC emulsomes ( PIC-E ) were formulated and assessed for cytotoxic activity .
A Box-Behnken design was employed to investigate the influence of formulation factors on particle size and drug entrapment .
After optimization , the formulation had a spherical shape with a particle size of 125.45± 1.62 nm and entrapment efficiency of 93.14 % ± 2.15 % .
Assessment of cytotoxic activities indicated that the optimized PIC-E formula @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Analysis of the cell cycle revealed the accumulation of cells in the G2-M phase as well as increased cell fraction in the sub-G1 phase , an indication of apoptotic-enhancing activity .
Staining of cells with Annexin V indicated increased early and late apoptosis .
Further , the cellular contents of caspase - 3 andmRNA expression were significantly elevated by PIC-E .
In addition , the mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP ) was disturbed and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production was increased .
In conclusion , PIC-E exhibited superior cell death-inducing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to pure PIC .
This is mediated , at least partly , by enhanced pro-apoptotic activity , disruption of MMP , and stimulation of ROS generation .

Piceatannol (PIC), a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene, has pleiotropic pharmacological activities. It has reported cytotoxic activities against different cancer cells. In the present study, PIC emulsomes (PIC-E) were formulated and assessed for cytotoxic activity. A Box-Behnken design was employed to investigate the influence of formulation factors on particle size and drug entrapment. After optimization, the formulation had a spherical shape with a particle size of 125.45± 1.62 nm and entrapment efficiency of 93.14% ± 2.15%. Assessment of cytotoxic activities indicated that the optimized PIC-E formula exhibited significantly lower ICagainst HCT 116 cells. Analysis of the cell cycle revealed the accumulation of cells in the G2-M phase as well as increased cell fraction in the sub-G1 phase, an indication of apoptotic-enhancing activity. Staining of cells with Annexin V indicated increased early and late apoptosis. Further, the cellular contents of caspase - 3 andmRNA expression were significantly elevated by PIC-E. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was disturbed and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was increased. In conclusion, PIC-E exhibited superior cell death-inducing activities against HCT 116 cells as compared to pure PIC. This is mediated, at least partly, by enhanced pro-apoptotic activity, disruption of MMP, and stimulation of ROS generation.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-01--In vivo antidepressant effect of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa.

A variety of neuroactive flavonoids can be found in the species of thegenus ; however , their difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier limits their in vivo neuropharmacological activity .
In this study , cationic nanoparticles were developed as a novel nanocarrier for improving the antidepressant activity off.leaf extract .
Formulations obtained using Eudragit E PO polymethylmethacrylate copolymer , as polymeric matrix had their physicochemical properties investigated .
The analytical content of the flavonoids vicenin-2 , orientin , isoorientin , vitexin , and isovitexin was determined in the plant extract .
Small-sized and spherical nanoparticles loaded withf.were obtained with positive @ @ @ @ @ @ @ In addition , the nanosystems were shown to be stable for at least 6 months .
The antidepressant activity ofextract ( 50 and 100 mg/kg ) as well as the extract-loaded nanoparticles ( 5 mg/kg ) were investigated in mice using the forced swimming test , where the latter increased the potency of the former by 10-fold .
In addition , histopathological and biochemical analysis confirmed the biocompatibility of the extract-loaded nanoparticles .
This study demonstrated that the Eudragit cationic nanoparticles were able to improve the antidepressant activity ofin the central nervous system @ @ @

A variety of neuroactive flavonoids can be found in the species of thegenus; however, their difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier limits their in vivo neuropharmacological activity. In this study, cationic nanoparticles were developed as a novel nanocarrier for improving the antidepressant activity off.leaf extract. Formulations obtained using Eudragit E PO polymethylmethacrylate copolymer, as polymeric matrix had their physicochemical properties investigated. The analytical content of the flavonoids vicenin-2, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin was determined in the plant extract. Small-sized and spherical nanoparticles loaded withf.were obtained with positive zeta potential and high encapsulation efficiency. In addition, the nanosystems were shown to be stable for at least 6 months. The antidepressant activity ofextract (50 and 100 mg/kg) as well as the extract-loaded nanoparticles (5 mg/kg) were investigated in mice using the forced swimming test, where the latter increased the potency of the former by 10-fold. In addition, histopathological and biochemical analysis confirmed the biocompatibility of the extract-loaded nanoparticles. This study demonstrated that the Eudragit cationic nanoparticles were able to improve the antidepressant activity ofin the central nervous system of mice.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-01--Phenolic compounds rich P. leschenaultii fruit can serve as a potential nutraceutical, antioxidative

Phenolic compounds rich P. leschenaultii fruit can serve as a potential nutraceutical, antioxidative and anti-diabetic agent.

Twenty-four phenolic compounds including daidzein , epicatechin and artepillin C were identified in Passiflora leschenaultii DC .
fruit by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS @ @ @ @ @ has been studied using the HS-SPME/GC-MS which revealed 67 volatile compounds including 13 terpenes , @ @ @ @ @ , ketones and phenolic acids .
Further , the proximate composition , anti-radical and anti-diabetic @ @ @ @ @ also determined .
The fresh fruit pulp of P. leschenaultii registered higher total phenolic ( @ @ @ @ @ and tannin ( 313.81 mg GAE/g extract ) contents and it also exhibited maximum DPPH @ @ @ @ @ and ABTS ( 9760.44 µM trolox equivalent/g extract ) scavenging activities .
The fresh fruit @ @ @ @ @ towards the α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase ( ICof 32.20 and 19.81 µg/mL , respectively ) enzymes @ @ @ @ @ stipulates that phenolic compounds rich P. leschenaultii fruit can serve as a potential nutraceutical , @ @ @ @ @ food and pharmaceutical formulations .

Twenty-four phenolic compounds including daidzein, epicatechin and artepillin C were identified in Passiflora leschenaultii DC. fruit by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS analysis. The aroma profile has been studied using the HS-SPME/GC-MS which revealed 67 volatile compounds including 13 terpenes, 18 alcoholics, 15 esters, ketones and phenolic acids. Further, the proximate composition, anti-radical and anti-diabetic activities of fruit pulp were also determined. The fresh fruit pulp of P. leschenaultii registered higher total phenolic (691.90 mg GAE/g extract) and tannin (313.81 mg GAE/g extract) contents and it also exhibited maximum DPPH (ICof 6.69 µg/ml) and ABTS(9760.44 µM trolox equivalent/g extract) scavenging activities. The fresh fruit pulp showed a strong inhibition towards the α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase (ICof 32.20 and 19.81 µg/mL, respectively) enzymes. Thus, the work stipulates that phenolic compounds rich P. leschenaultii fruit can serve as a potential nutraceutical, antioxidative and anti-diabetic agent in food and pharmaceutical formulations.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-01--Passion fruit leaf aqueous extract ameliorates intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and reverts

Passion fruit leaf aqueous extract ameliorates intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and reverts inflammatory parameters.

The aqueous extract of Passiflora edulis leaves is rich in bioactive polyphenolics , with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties .
In @ @ @ @ @ of barrier dysfunction and the anti-inflammatory effect of P. edulis leaf aqueous extract ( PELE @ @ @ @ @ Caco-2 monolayer model challenged with IL-1β and LPS .
After inflammatory stimuli , it was @ @ @ @ @ in transepithelial electrical resistance ( TER ) and 78 % increase of LY permeability .
@ @ @ @ @ ( 10 mg mL ) , the monolayer showed 35 % increase in TER after @ @ @ @ @ % lower LY paracellular permeability , showing a recovery of the monolayer integrity .
The @ @ @ @ @ in 65 % .
Our results suggest that PELE is a potent source of antioxidants @ @ @ @ @ effect by repairing the intestinal epithelial integrity .

The aqueous extract of Passiflora edulis leaves is rich in bioactive polyphenolics, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the recovery of barrier dysfunction and the anti-inflammatory effect of P. edulis leaf aqueous extract (PELE) were evaluated using a Caco-2 monolayer model challenged with IL-1β and LPS. After inflammatory stimuli, it was observed a 28% reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and 78% increase of LY permeability. After 48-h treatment with PELE (10 mg mL), the monolayer showed 35% increase in TER after inflammatory decreases, and 67% lower LY paracellular permeability, showing a recovery of the monolayer integrity. The treatment also suppressed IL-8 production in 65%. Our results suggest that PELE is a potent source of antioxidants that may promote a protective effect by repairing the intestinal epithelial integrity.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-01--Extracts and flavonoids of passiflora species as promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substan

Extracts and flavonoids of passiflora species as promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substances.

There is increasing interest in evaluating anti-inflammatory activities of plant substances such as extracts and flavonoid rich fractions .
A promising source of new medicinal drugs may be species from the Passifloraceae family .
The most interesting group of principal chemical compounds in Passiflora species are polyphenolic compounds , including flavonoids due to their antioxidant activity demonstrated in various studies ( quercetin , rutin , apigenin , luteolin , chrysin , and Cglycosylflavones i.e.
, vitexin , isovitexin , orientin , isoorientin ) .
However , each extracts from Passiflora spp .
as multi-component mixtures should be estimated for chemical @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and their activity using in vitro and in vivo tests .
The current standard for drug discovery and development from plants indicates that only collective assessment allows estimating plant substances by definition of the origin of raw materials and their quality , methods of extractions , and metabolite profiles .
Increasingly , due to complex phytochemical procedures to obtain extracts , individual flavonoid compounds are also tested for anti-inflammatory action .
However , it should be emphasized that various sources of potential new drugs from plant origin are not mutually exclusive , but @ @ @ @ @ @ @ data includes the following information about Passiflora species , such as distribution , classification , phytochemical compounds , antiinflammatory activity of extracts , anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids , and antioxidant potential .
The review allows concluded that extracts and flavonoids ( mainly quercetin , apigenin , and vitexin ) from Passiflora spp .
can be a valuable source of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative medications for the prevention and treatment of many diseases , which occur with complex inflammatory processes .

There is increasing interest in evaluating anti-inflammatory activities of plant substances such as extracts and flavonoid rich fractions. A promising source of new medicinal drugs may be species from the Passifloraceae family. The most interesting group of principal chemical compounds in Passiflora species are polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids due to their antioxidant activity demonstrated in various studies (quercetin, rutin, apigenin, luteolin, chrysin, and Cglycosylflavones i.e., vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin). However, each extracts from Passiflora spp. as multi-component mixtures should be estimated for chemical composition (in the standardization process) and their activity using in vitro and in vivo tests. The current standard for drug discovery and development from plants indicates that only collective assessment allows estimating plant substances by definition of the origin of raw materials and their quality, methods of extractions, and metabolite profiles. Increasingly, due to complex phytochemical procedures to obtain extracts, individual flavonoid compounds are also tested for anti-inflammatory action. However, it should be emphasized that various sources of potential new drugs from plant origin are not mutually exclusive, but are complementary. A review of bibliographic data includes the following information about Passiflora species, such as distribution, classification, phytochemical compounds, antiinflammatory activity of extracts, anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids, and antioxidant potential. The review allows concluded that extracts and flavonoids (mainly quercetin, apigenin, and vitexin) from Passiflora spp. can be a valuable source of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative medications for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, which occur with complex inflammatory processes.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-01--Hepatoprotective effect of apigenin against liver injury.

Apigenin , a flavonoid found in many plants , has various biological properties .
We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity of apigenin against carbon tetrachloride ( CCl ) -induced acute liver injury in mice and hydrogen peroxide ( HO ) -induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and possible mechanism .
In vivo , apigenin significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) activity in serum of mice challenged by CCland markedly alleviated the lipid peroxidation as indicated by the increased level of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , reduced glutathione ( GSH @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and catalase ( CAT ) , and the decreased malondialdehyde ( MDA ) in liver tissue .
Apigenin also ameliorated inflammation by downregulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , and upregulating IL-10 .
Consistently , the elevated ALT and AST level ; the impaired balance between SOD , GSH activity , and excessive ROS ; and the increased gene expression of TNF-α and IL-6 resulting from HO-induced oxidative stress were restored by apigenin .
Moreover , the results from Western blot , real-time qPCR , and immunofluorescence @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of TNF receptor-associated factor ( TRAF ) 2/3 and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein ( c-IAP ) 1 , ameliorated NF-κB-inducing kinase ( NIK ) , and mediated the nuclear translocation of NF-κB2 , therefore had an inhibitory effect on the non-canonical NF-κB pathway which was activated in both models .
siNIK canceled the protective effect of apigenin on HO-induced HepG2 cells .
Altogether , our results demonstrated that apigenin mitigated liver injury by ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress through suppression of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway , indicating the potential of apigenin for @ @ @ @ @ @

Apigenin, a flavonoid found in many plants, has various biological properties. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity of apigenin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced acute liver injury in mice and hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and possible mechanism. In vivo, apigenin significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in serum of mice challenged by CCland markedly alleviated the lipid peroxidation as indicated by the increased level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and the decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue. Apigenin also ameliorated inflammation by downregulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and upregulating IL-10. Consistently, the elevated ALT and AST level; the impaired balance between SOD, GSH activity, and excessive ROS; and the increased gene expression of TNF-α and IL-6 resulting from HO-induced oxidative stress were restored by apigenin. Moreover, the results from Western blot, real-time qPCR, and immunofluorescence assay indicated that apigenin enhanced the activity of TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 2/3 and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (c-IAP) 1, ameliorated NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), and mediated the nuclear translocation of NF-κB2, therefore had an inhibitory effect on the non-canonical NF-κB pathway which was activated in both models. siNIK canceled the protective effect of apigenin on HO-induced HepG2 cells. Altogether, our results demonstrated that apigenin mitigated liver injury by ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress through suppression of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, indicating the potential of apigenin for treatment of the liver injury.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-02--Bee venom phospholipase A2 induces regulatory T cell populations by suppressing apoptotic signalling

Bee venom phospholipase A2 induces regulatory T cell populations by suppressing apoptotic signalling pathway.

Bee venom phospholipase A2 is a lipolytic enzyme in bee venom that catalyzes hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of membrane phospholipids to produce free fatty acid and lysophospholipids .
Current evidence suggests that bee venom phospholipase A2 ( bvPLA2 ) induces regulatory T cell expansion and attenuates several immune system-related diseases , including Alzheimer 's disease .
The induction of Treg cells is directly mediated by binding to mannose receptors on dendritic cells .
This interaction induces the PGE2-EP2 signaling pathway , which promotes Treg induction in CD4T cells .
In this study , we investigated the effects of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in Treg populations .
Flow cytometry was performed to identify early apoptotic cells .
As a result , early apoptotic cells were dramatically decreased in bvPLA2-treated splenocytes , whereas rapamycin-treated cells showed levels of apoptotic cells similar to those of PBS-treated cells .
Furthermore , bvPLA2 treatment increased expression of anti-apoptotic molecules including CTLA-4 and PD-1 .
The survival rate increased in bvPLA2-treated Tregs .
Our findings indicate that bvPLA2-mediated modulation of apoptotic signaling is strongly associated with the Treg induction , which exhibits protective effects against various immune-related diseases .
To our @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to demonstrate that bvPLA2 is the major bee venom ( BV ) compound capable of inducing Treg expansion through altering apoptotic signal .

Bee venom phospholipase A2 is a lipolytic enzyme in bee venom that catalyzes hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of membrane phospholipids to produce free fatty acid and lysophospholipids. Current evidence suggests that bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) induces regulatory T cell expansion and attenuates several immune system-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The induction of Treg cells is directly mediated by binding to mannose receptors on dendritic cells. This interaction induces the PGE2-EP2 signaling pathway, which promotes Treg induction in CD4T cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of bvPLA2 treatment on the apoptotic signaling pathway in Treg populations. Flow cytometry was performed to identify early apoptotic cells. As a result, early apoptotic cells were dramatically decreased in bvPLA2-treated splenocytes, whereas rapamycin-treated cells showed levels of apoptotic cells similar to those of PBS-treated cells. Furthermore, bvPLA2 treatment increased expression of anti-apoptotic molecules including CTLA-4 and PD-1. The survival rate increased in bvPLA2-treated Tregs. Our findings indicate that bvPLA2-mediated modulation of apoptotic signaling is strongly associated with the Treg induction, which exhibits protective effects against various immune-related diseases. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that bvPLA2 is the major bee venom (BV) compound capable of inducing Treg expansion through altering apoptotic signal.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-02--Apamin from bee venom suppresses inflammation in a murine model of gouty arthritis.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Bee venom ( BV ) has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases , such as rheumatoid arthritis , and for the relief of pain in traditional oriental medicine .
AIM OF STUDY : The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of BV on monosodium urate ( MSU ) -induced gouty arthritis in a mouse model .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : To develop a mouse model of acute gouty arthritis , 4 mg 50 μLof MSU crystal suspension was injected intradermally into the right paw .
After MSU crystal injection , we @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the BV-treated ( 0.5 and 1 mg kgbody weight ) and apamin ( APM ) -treated ( 0.5 and 1 mg kgbody weight ) groups .
The positive control group was administered a colchicine ( 1 mg kgbody weight ) injection with MSU crystals .
RESULTS : BV and APM treatment suppressed inflammatory paw edema in MSU-administered mice .
It also exerted anti-inflammatory effects in mice with gouty arthritis by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production and inflammasome formation .
Interestingly , MSU crystal formation was decreased by BV and APM treatment .
CONCLUSIONS : @ @ @ @ @ @ @ BV might be useful for the treatment of gouty arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory activities .

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bee venom (BV) has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and for the relief of pain in traditional oriental medicine.
AIM OF STUDY: The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of BV on monosodium urate (MSU)-induced gouty arthritis in a mouse model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: To develop a mouse model of acute gouty arthritis, 4 mg 50 μLof MSU crystal suspension was injected intradermally into the right paw. After MSU crystal injection, we evaluated inflammatory cytokine production in mice of the BV-treated (0.5 and 1 mg kgbody weight) and apamin (APM)-treated (0.5 and 1 mg kgbody weight) groups. The positive control group was administered a colchicine (1 mg kgbody weight) injection with MSU crystals.
RESULTS: BV and APM treatment suppressed inflammatory paw edema in MSU-administered mice. It also exerted anti-inflammatory effects in mice with gouty arthritis by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production and inflammasome formation. Interestingly, MSU crystal formation was decreased by BV and APM treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the APM from BV might be useful for the treatment of gouty arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory activities.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-02--Bee venom inhibits the proliferation and migration of cervical-cancer cells.

Bee venom ( BV ) , secreted from the venom gland of the honey bee , contains several biological active compounds .
BV has been widely used as a traditional medicine for treating human disease , including cancer .
In this study , we have shown the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of BV on cancer .
Treatment with BV reduced the proliferation of cervical-cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner .
Interestingly , the killing effect of BV was specific to HPV-positive cervical-cancer cell lines , such as Caski and HeLa cells , and not to HPV-negative @ @ @ @ @ @ @ reduced the expression of HPV E6 and E7 at RNA and protein levels , leading to an increase in the expression of p53 and Rb in Caski and HeLa cells .
Further , BV decreased the levels of cell-cycle proteins , such as cyclin A and B , and increased the levels of cell-cycle inhibitors , such as p21 and p27 .
BV significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited wound healing and migration of cervical-cancer cells .
It also upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic BAX and downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and PARP were also induced by BV treatment , whereas the phosphorylation of mitogenic signaling-related proteins , such as AKT , JNK , p38 , and ERK , were downregulated .
Our results indicate that BV has a therapeutic selectivity for HPV-positive malignant cells , so further clinical studies are needed to assess its clinical application .

Bee venom (BV), secreted from the venom gland of the honey bee, contains several biological active compounds. BV has been widely used as a traditional medicine for treating human disease, including cancer. In this study, we have shown the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of BV on cancer. Treatment with BV reduced the proliferation of cervical-cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, the killing effect of BV was specific to HPV-positive cervical-cancer cell lines, such as Caski and HeLa cells, and not to HPV-negative cervical-cancer cells (C33A). BV reduced the expression of HPV E6 and E7 at RNA and protein levels, leading to an increase in the expression of p53 and Rb in Caski and HeLa cells. Further, BV decreased the levels of cell-cycle proteins, such as cyclin A and B, and increased the levels of cell-cycle inhibitors, such as p21 and p27. BV significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited wound healing and migration of cervical-cancer cells. It also upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic BAX and downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP were also induced by BV treatment, whereas the phosphorylation of mitogenic signaling-related proteins, such as AKT, JNK, p38, and ERK, were downregulated. Our results indicate that BV has a therapeutic selectivity for HPV-positive malignant cells, so further clinical studies are needed to assess its clinical application.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-02--These results stressed on the importance of BV as a potent anti-tumor agent against various types of

These results stressed on the importance of BV as a potent anti-tumor agent against various types of cancers.

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate cytotoxic , apoptotic , and anti-inflammatory properties of bee venom ( BV ) as well as changes in cytokine secretion levels and nitric oxide ( NO ) production using three different cancer cell lines [ liver ( Hep-G2 ) , breast ( MCF-7 ) , and cervical ( HPV-18 infected HeLa cells ) ] and two normal cells ( splenocytes and macrophages ( MQ ) .
Methods Cytotoxic activity of BV against tumor cell lines and normal splenocytes/MQ was tested by MTT assay .
By ELISA ( ELISA ) ; Tumor necrosis factor @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) and interferon ( IFN-γ ) were measured .
Caspase three expressions was evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) .
Nitric oxide ( NO ) was estimated using a colorimetric assay .
Results BV has a significant cytotoxic effect on all cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner ; none of them was toxic for normal cells .
Treating Hep-G2 cells with BV showed a reduction in IL-10 , elevation in TNF-α with no change in IFN-γ level .
MCF-7 cells have low IL-10 and TNF-α and high IFN-γ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ IFN-γ coincides witha reduction in TNF-α level was demonstrated in HeLa cells .
The expression of Caspase three was dramatically increased with elevation in BV concentration in all tested cancer cell lines .
A gradual decrease in NO production by MQ with increasing BV dose was observed .
Conclusion Taken together , our results stressed on the importance of BV as a potent anti-tumor agent against various types of cancers ( Liver , Breast , and Cervix ) .
Further steps towards the use of BV for pharmacological purposes must be done .

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate cytotoxic, apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties of bee venom (BV) as well as changes in cytokine secretion levels and nitric oxide (NO) production using three different cancer cell lines [liver (Hep-G2), breast (MCF-7), and cervical (HPV-18 infected HeLa cells)] and two normal cells (splenocytes and macrophages (MQ). Methods Cytotoxic activity of BV against tumor cell lines and normal splenocytes/MQ was tested by MTT assay. By ELISA (ELISA); Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), Interleukine (IL-10) and interferon (IFN-γ) were measured. Caspase three expressions was evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Nitric oxide (NO) was estimated using a colorimetric assay. Results BV has a significant cytotoxic effect on all cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner; none of them was toxic for normal cells. Treating Hep-G2 cells with BV showed a reduction in IL-10, elevation in TNF-α with no change in IFN-γ level. MCF-7 cells have low IL-10 and TNF-α and high IFN-γ production level. Elevation of IL-10 and IFN-γ coincides witha reduction in TNF-α level was demonstrated in HeLa cells. The expression of Caspase three was dramatically increased with elevation in BV concentration in all tested cancer cell lines. A gradual decrease in NO production by MQ with increasing BV dose was observed. Conclusion Taken together, our results stressed on the importance of BV as a potent anti-tumor agent against various types of cancers (Liver, Breast, and Cervix). Further steps towards the use of BV for pharmacological purposes must be done.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-02--Protective effect of tualang honey against cadmium-induced morphological abnormalities and oxidative

Protective effect of tualang honey against cadmium-induced morphological abnormalities and oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND : To investigate the protective effects of Tualang honey against the toxicity effects induced by cadmium ( Cd ) on the ovary .
METHODS : A total of 32 female Sprague Dawley rats were taken and randomly divided into four groups ( n = 8 ) .
Throughout the experimental period of 6 weeks , negative control-NC ( vehicle deionized water ) , positive control-CD ( Cd at 5 mg/kg ) , Tualang honey followed by Cd exposure-TH ( Tualang honey at 200 mg/kg and Cd at 5 mg/kg ) and Tualang honey control-THC ( Tualang honey at 200 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on a daily basis .
RESULTS : Rats exposed to Cd were significantly higher in ovarian weight , number of antral and atretic follicles as compared to the NC group .
The disruptive effects of Cd on ovarian follicles were associated with a disruption in gonadotropin hormones and decreases in follicular stimulating hormone ( FSH ) and luteinizing hormone ( LH ) .
Moreover , a significant formation of oxidative stress in ovarian Cd-exposed rats has been proven by increasing the level of lipid peroxidation products ( malondialdehyde ) and decreasing the levels @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Interestingly , a daily supplementation of high antioxidant agents such as Tualang honey in these animals , caused significant improvements in the histological changes .
Additionally , less atretic follicles were observed , restoring the normal level of LH and FSH ( P CONCLUSIONS : Tualang honey has protective effects against Cd-induced ovarian toxicity by reducing morphological abnormalities , restoring the normal levels of gonadotropin hormones and stabilizing equilibrium levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme in ovaries of rats .

BACKGROUND: To investigate the protective effects of Tualang honey against the toxicity effects induced by cadmium (Cd) on the ovary.
METHODS: A total of 32 female Sprague Dawley rats were taken and randomly divided into four groups (n = 8). Throughout the experimental period of 6 weeks, negative control-NC (vehicle deionized water), positive control-CD (Cd at 5 mg/kg), Tualang honey followed by Cd exposure-TH (Tualang honey at 200 mg/kg and Cd at 5 mg/kg) and Tualang honey control-THC (Tualang honey at 200 mg/kg) groups, were administered orally on a daily basis.
RESULTS: Rats exposed to Cd were significantly higher in ovarian weight, number of antral and atretic follicles as compared to the NC group. The disruptive effects of Cd on ovarian follicles were associated with a disruption in gonadotropin hormones and decreases in follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Moreover, a significant formation of oxidative stress in ovarian Cd-exposed rats has been proven by increasing the level of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde) and decreasing the levels of enzymatic antioxidant (catalase). Interestingly, a daily supplementation of high antioxidant agents such as Tualang honey in these animals, caused significant improvements in the histological changes. Additionally, less atretic follicles were observed, restoring the normal level of LH and FSH (P < 0.001), and normalizing the ovarian malondialdehyde (P < 0.05) and catalase levels in comparison with CD group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Tualang honey has protective effects against Cd-induced ovarian toxicity by reducing morphological abnormalities, restoring the normal levels of gonadotropin hormones and stabilizing equilibrium levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme in ovaries of rats.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-02--Manuka honey Modulates the release profile of a dHL-60 neutrophil model under anti-inflammatory stim

Manuka honey Modulates the release profile of a dHL-60 neutrophil model under anti-inflammatory stimulation.

Manuka honey , a wound treatment used to eradicate bacteria , resolve inflammation , and promote wound healing , is a current focus in the tissue engineering community as a tissue template additive .
However , Manuka honey 's effect on neutrophils during the inflammation-resolving phase has yet to be examined .
This study investigates the effect of 0.5 % and 3 % Manuka honey on the release of cytokines , chemokines , and matrix-degrading enzymes from a dHL-60 neutrophil model in the presence of anti-inflammatory stimuli ( TGF-β , IL-4 , IL-4 +IL-13 ) .
We hypothesized that Manuka @ @ @ @ @ @ @ signals and increase the release of anti-inflammatory signals .
The results of this study indicate that 0.5 % honey significantly increases the release of CXCL8/IL-8 , CCL2/MCP-1 , CCL4/MIP-1β , CCL20/MIP-3α , IL-4 , IL-1ra , and FGF-13 while reducing Proteinase 3 release in the anti-inflammatory-stimulated models .
However , 3 % honey significantly increased the release of TNF-α and CXCL8/IL-8 while reducing the release of all other analytes .
We replicated a subset of the most notable findings in primary human neutrophils , and the consistent results indicate that the HL-60 data @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cells .
These findings demonstrate the variable effects of Manuka honey on the release of cytokines , chemokines , and matrix-degrading enzymes of this model of neutrophil anti-inflammatory activity .
This study reinforces the importance of tailoring the concentration of Manuka honey in a wound or tissue template to elicit the desired effects during the inflammation-resolving phase of wound healing .
Future in vivo investigation should be undertaken to translate these results to a physiologically-relevant wound environment .

Manuka honey, a wound treatment used to eradicate bacteria, resolve inflammation, and promote wound healing, is a current focus in the tissue engineering community as a tissue template additive. However, Manuka honey's effect on neutrophils during the inflammation-resolving phase has yet to be examined. This study investigates the effect of 0.5% and 3% Manuka honey on the release of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix-degrading enzymes from a dHL-60 neutrophil model in the presence of anti-inflammatory stimuli (TGF-β, IL-4, IL-4 +IL-13). We hypothesized that Manuka honey would reduce the output of pro-inflammatory signals and increase the release of anti-inflammatory signals. The results of this study indicate that 0.5% honey significantly increases the release of CXCL8/IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL4/MIP-1β, CCL20/MIP-3α, IL-4, IL-1ra, and FGF-13 while reducing Proteinase 3 release in the anti-inflammatory-stimulated models. However, 3% honey significantly increased the release of TNF-α and CXCL8/IL-8 while reducing the release of all other analytes. We replicated a subset of the most notable findings in primary human neutrophils, and the consistent results indicate that the HL-60 data are relevant to the performance of primary cells. These findings demonstrate the variable effects of Manuka honey on the release of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix-degrading enzymes of this model of neutrophil anti-inflammatory activity. This study reinforces the importance of tailoring the concentration of Manuka honey in a wound or tissue template to elicit the desired effects during the inflammation-resolving phase of wound healing. Future in vivo investigation should be undertaken to translate these results to a physiologically-relevant wound environment.