greenmedinfo--2020-04-25--Vitamin D deficiency: effects on oxidative sstress, epigenetics, gene regulation, and aging.

Recent advances in vitamin D research indicate that this vitamin , a secosteroid hormone , has beneficial effects on several body systems other than the musculoskeletal system .
Both 25 dihydroxy vitamin D [ 25 ( OH ) D ] and its active hormonal form , 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [ 1,25 ( OH ) D ] are essential for human physiological functions , including damping down inflammation and the excessive intracellular oxidative stresses .
Vitamin D is one of the key controllers of systemic inflammation , oxidative stress and mitochondrial respiratory function , and thus , the aging process in humans @ @ @ @ @ @ @ actions form 1,25 ( OH ) D slow down oxidative stress , cell and tissue damage , and the aging process .
On the other hand , hypovitaminosis D impairs mitochondrial functions , and enhances oxidative stress and systemic inflammation .
The interaction of 1,25 ( OH ) D with its intracellular receptors modulates vitamin D-dependent gene transcription and activation of vitamin D-responsive elements , which triggers multiple second messenger systems .
Thus , it is not surprising that hypovitaminosis D increases the incidence and severity of several age-related common diseases , such @ @ @ @ @ @ @ oxidative stress .
These include obesity , insulin resistance , type 2 diabetes , hypertension , pregnancy complications , memory disorders , osteoporosis , autoimmune diseases , certain cancers , and systemic inflammatory diseases .
Vitamin D adequacy leads to less oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial and endocrine functions , reducing the risks of disorders , such as autoimmunity , infections , metabolic derangements , and impairment of DNA repair ; all of this aids a healthy , graceful aging process .
Vitamin D is also a potent anti-oxidant that facilitates balanced mitochondrial @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , lipid peroxidation , and DNA damage .
New understandings of vitamin D-related advances in metabolomics , transcriptomics , epigenetics , in relation to its ability to control oxidative stress in conjunction with micronutrients , vitamins , and antioxidants , following normalization of serum 25 ( OH ) D and tissue 1,25 ( OH ) D concentrations , likely to promise cost-effective better clinical outcomes in humans .

Recent advances in vitamin D research indicate that this vitamin, a secosteroid hormone, has beneficial effects on several body systems other than the musculoskeletal system. Both 25 dihydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and its active hormonal form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)D] are essential for human physiological functions, including damping down inflammation and the excessive intracellular oxidative stresses. Vitamin D is one of the key controllers of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial respiratory function, and thus, the aging process in humans. In turn, molecular and cellular actions form 1,25(OH)D slow down oxidative stress, cell and tissue damage, and the aging process. On the other hand, hypovitaminosis D impairs mitochondrial functions, and enhances oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. The interaction of 1,25(OH)D with its intracellular receptors modulates vitamin D-dependent gene transcription and activation of vitamin D-responsive elements, which triggers multiple second messenger systems. Thus, it is not surprising that hypovitaminosis D increases the incidence and severity of several age-related common diseases, such as metabolic disorders that are linked to oxidative stress. These include obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, pregnancy complications, memory disorders, osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases, certain cancers, and systemic inflammatory diseases. Vitamin D adequacy leads to less oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial and endocrine functions, reducing the risks of disorders, such as autoimmunity, infections, metabolic derangements, and impairment of DNA repair; all of this aids a healthy, graceful aging process. Vitamin D is also a potent anti-oxidant that facilitates balanced mitochondrial activities, preventing oxidative stress-related protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. New understandings of vitamin D-related advances in metabolomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, in relation to its ability to control oxidative stress in conjunction with micronutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants, following normalization of serum 25(OH)D and tissue 1,25(OH)D concentrations, likely to promise cost-effective better clinical outcomes in humans.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-26--Ultraviolet irradiation of the blood in the intensive treatment of acute exogenous poisoning.

The application of ultraviolet blood irradiation with a MD73M '' Izolda '' apparatus ( the optimal dose of UV irradiation @ @ @ @ @ volume of irradiated blood , 180-6000 ml ) to 221 patients with various intoxications demonstrated @ @ @ @ @ the efficiency of therapy both at the toxicogenic ( in blood poison circulation ) and @ @ @ @ @ 's detoxification ) stages by showing less intoxication and diminished severity and probability of complication @ @ @ @ @ cellular link of immunity is major in the mechanism of a therapeutic effect displayed by @ @ @

The application of ultraviolet blood irradiation with a MD73M"Izolda"apparatus (the optimal dose of UV irradiation was 100-150 J, the volume of irradiated blood, 180-6000 ml) to 221 patients with various intoxications demonstrated that the method considerably increased the efficiency of therapy both at the toxicogenic (in blood poison circulation) and somatogenic (following the body's detoxification) stages by showing less intoxication and diminished severity and probability of complication development. Stimulation of a cellular link of immunity is major in the mechanism of a therapeutic effect displayed by UV irradiation.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-26--Ultraviolet irradiation of blood prevents transfusion-induced sensitization and marrow graft rejecti

Ultraviolet irradiation of blood prevents transfusion-induced sensitization and marrow graft rejection.

In a canine model using DLA-identical littermate pairs , we have shown that a regimen of three transfusions of donor blood given 24 , 17 , and 10 days before transplant uniformly leads to marrow graft rejection , presumably due to sensitization to minor ( non-DLA ) histocompatibility antigens .
Untransfused dogs uniformly achieve sustained engraftment .
In the present study , we investigated whether the exposure of blood to ultraviolet ( UV ) light ( 220-300 nm ) prior to transfusion prevented sensitization of the recipient and allowed for successful marrow engraftment .
Ten dogs were each given three @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Each transfusion consisted of 50 mL of whole blood exposed in vitro to UV light for a total of 1.35 J/cm2 .
All ten dogs achieved engraftment .
In contrast , all four dogs that had received sham-exposed transfusions rejected their grafts .
In vitro studies revealed that although cell viability was not affected , leukocytes contained in UV-exposed blood were unable to function as stimulator cells in mixed leukocyte cultures or as accessory cells in mitogen-stimulated cultures .
These data are consistent with the hypothesis that accessory cells are involved in transfusion-induced @ @ @ @ @ @ @ exposure of blood to UV light before transfusion prevents sensitization and allows for subsequent marrow engraftment .

In a canine model using DLA-identical littermate pairs, we have shown that a regimen of three transfusions of donor blood given 24, 17, and 10 days before transplant uniformly leads to marrow graft rejection, presumably due to sensitization to minor (non-DLA) histocompatibility antigens. Untransfused dogs uniformly achieve sustained engraftment. In the present study, we investigated whether the exposure of blood to ultraviolet (UV) light (220-300 nm) prior to transfusion prevented sensitization of the recipient and allowed for successful marrow engraftment. Ten dogs were each given three pretransplant transfusions from the marrow donor. Each transfusion consisted of 50 mL of whole blood exposed in vitro to UV light for a total of 1.35 J/cm2. All ten dogs achieved engraftment. In contrast, all four dogs that had received sham-exposed transfusions rejected their grafts. In vitro studies revealed that although cell viability was not affected, leukocytes contained in UV-exposed blood were unable to function as stimulator cells in mixed leukocyte cultures or as accessory cells in mitogen-stimulated cultures. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that accessory cells are involved in transfusion-induced sensitization. We conclude that in vitro exposure of blood to UV light before transfusion prevents sensitization and allows for subsequent marrow engraftment.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-26--Therapeutic effect of ultraviolet irradiation of autologous blood in early period of acute radiation

Therapeutic effect of ultraviolet irradiation of autologous blood in early period of acute radiation sickness.

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greenmedinfo--2020-04-26--Ultraviolet irradiation of the blood has shown the method to be simple, available and highly clinica

Ultraviolet irradiation of the blood has shown the method to be simple, available and highly clinically effective.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-26--Ultraviolet blood irradiation and oxygenation affects free radicals and antioxidase after rabbit spi

Ultraviolet blood irradiation and oxygenation affects free radicals and antioxidase after rabbit spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE : To investigate the effects of ultraviolet blood irradiation and oxygenation ( UBIO ) on free radicals and antioxidase after spinal cord injury in rabbits .
METHODS : Totally , 186 rabbits were used and divided randomly into four experimental groups : control ( n = 6 ) , blood transfusion ( n = 24 ) , injured ( n = 96 ) and treatment ( n = 60 ) groups .
The relative intensity of free radical ( FR ) signals , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) content , as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were compared among the four groups at 6 , 24 , 48 , and 72 hours and 6 days after injury .
RESULTS : The relative intensity of FR signals in spinal cord tissue in the injured group increased at 48 hours and showed a striking difference compared with the control group ; in the treatment group , it decreased and showed a striking difference compared with the injured group .
MDA content in blood in the injured group increased and showed a striking difference at 6 , 24 and 48 hours and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and 6 days after injury compared with the control group .
In the treatment group , MDA content in blood decreased and showed a significant difference at 48 hours compared with the injured group .
MDA content in spinal cord tissue increased in the injured group and showed a striking difference compared with the control group ; in the treatment group , it decreased and showed a striking difference compared with the injured group at the corresponding times .
The activity of SOD in blood and spinal cord tissue decreased in the injured @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with the control group ; in the treatment group , it increased and showed a striking difference compared with the injured group at the corresponding times .
The changes in activity of GSH-PX in blood and spinal cord tissue were similar to that in SOD .
No significant difference was observed between the blood transfusion and control groups .
CONCLUSION : UBIO can ease free radical damages and elevate the activity of antioxidases after spinal cord injury in rabbits .

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ultraviolet blood irradiation and oxygenation (UBIO) on free radicals and antioxidase after spinal cord injury in rabbits.
METHODS: Totally, 186 rabbits were used and divided randomly into four experimental groups: control (n = 6), blood transfusion (n = 24), injured (n = 96) and treatment (n = 60) groups. The relative intensity of free radical (FR) signals, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were compared among the four groups at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours and 6 days after injury.
RESULTS: The relative intensity of FR signals in spinal cord tissue in the injured group increased at 48 hours and showed a striking difference compared with the control group; in the treatment group, it decreased and showed a striking difference compared with the injured group. MDA content in blood in the injured group increased and showed a striking difference at 6, 24 and 48 hours and showed a significant difference at 72 hours and 6 days after injury compared with the control group. In the treatment group, MDA content in blood decreased and showed a significant difference at 48 hours compared with the injured group. MDA content in spinal cord tissue increased in the injured group and showed a striking difference compared with the control group; in the treatment group, it decreased and showed a striking difference compared with the injured group at the corresponding times. The activity of SOD in blood and spinal cord tissue decreased in the injured group and showed a striking difference compared with the control group; in the treatment group, it increased and showed a striking difference compared with the injured group at the corresponding times. The changes in activity of GSH-PX in blood and spinal cord tissue were similar to that in SOD. No significant difference was observed between the blood transfusion and control groups.
CONCLUSION: UBIO can ease free radical damages and elevate the activity of antioxidases after spinal cord injury in rabbits.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-26--The efficacy of the ultraviolet irradiation of the blood in the combined treatment of erysipelatous

The efficacy of the ultraviolet irradiation of the blood in the combined treatment of erysipelatous inflammation.

An experience with treatment of 1527 patients with different forms of erysipelas is analyzed .
Under study were clinical data @ @ @ @ @ peripheral and central hemodynamics and viscosity of blood .
Ultraviolet irradiation of blood is an @ @ @ @ @ of erysipelas which results in rapid arrest of local and general symptoms of the disease @ @ @ @ @ and recurrences was reduced .

An experience with treatment of 1527 patients with different forms of erysipelas is analyzed. Under study were clinical data, nonspecific resistance parameters, peripheral and central hemodynamics and viscosity of blood. Ultraviolet irradiation of blood is an effective method of pathogenetical treatment of erysipelas which results in rapid arrest of local and general symptoms of the disease. The number of complications and recurrences was reduced.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-26--Ultraviolet C irradiation: an alternative antimicrobial approach to localized infections?

This review discusses the potential of ultraviolet C ( UVC ) irradiation as an alternative approach to current methods used @ @ @ @ @ It has been reported that multidrug-resistant microorganisms are equally sensitive to UVC irradiation as their @ @ @ @ @ doses , UVC may selectively inactivate microorganisms while preserving viability of mammalian cells and , @ @ @ @ @ promote wound healing .
UVC is also found in animal studies to be less damaging @ @ @ @ @ Even though UVC may produce DNA damage in mammalian cells , it can be rapidly @ @ @ @ @ .
If UVC irradiation is repeated excessively , resistance of microorganisms to UVC inactivation may @ @ @ @ @ UVC should be investigated as an alternative approach to current methods used to treat localized @ @ @ @ @ by multidrug-resistant microorganisms .
UVC should be used in a manner such that the side @ @ @ @ @ resistance of microorganisms to UVC would be avoided .

This review discusses the potential of ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation as an alternative approach to current methods used to treat localized infections. It has been reported that multidrug-resistant microorganisms are equally sensitive to UVC irradiation as their wild-type counterparts. With appropriate doses, UVC may selectively inactivate microorganisms while preserving viability of mammalian cells and, moreover, is reported to promote wound healing. UVC is also found in animal studies to be less damaging to tissue than UVB. Even though UVC may produce DNA damage in mammalian cells, it can be rapidly repaired by DNA repair enzymes. If UVC irradiation is repeated excessively, resistance of microorganisms to UVC inactivation may develop. In summary, UVC should be investigated as an alternative approach to current methods used to treat localized infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms. UVC should be used in a manner such that the side effects would be minimized and resistance of microorganisms to UVC would be avoided.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-26--Ultraviolet blood irradiation should be studied for the treatment of other infectious diseases for w

Ultraviolet blood irradiation should be studied for the treatment of other infectious diseases for which there are few treatment options.

OBJECTIVES : Prior to the advent of therapies with sustained virological response rates of 94 % , this study was conducted for the US Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) to assess the safety and efficacy of ultraviolet blood irradiation ( UVBI ) for the treatment of hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infection .
METHODS : Nine patients received 15 UVBI treatments over the course of 22 weeks with the AVIcure Hemo-modulator , which was modified from the original Knott Hemo-irradiator .
The patients ' viral loads and liver function tests were obtained periodically during the study and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
RESULTS : At the end of the study , the overall mean reduction in HCV viral load was 21.5 % ( p = 0.023 ) ; on day 140 , direct bilirubin declined by 41.1 % ( p=0.0059 ) , aspartate aminotransferase declined by 15.2 % ( p=0.0069 ) , and alanine aminotransferase declined by 19.3 % ( p=0.0031 ) .
The nadir of the mean and median viral load occurred on day 259 , and it corresponded to a mean viral load reduction of 44.9 % ( p=0.0048 ) .
During @ @ @ @ @ @ @ patients had a greater than 0.5 log reduction in viral load ( patient 1 , 0.56 log reduction on day 259 ; patient 4 , 0.69 log reduction at the end of the study ; patient 11 , 0.91 log reduction on day 259 ) .
Two patients showed marked improvement in their concurrent psoriasis at the conclusion of the trial .
CONCLUSIONS : In this study , UVBI was safe and had a beneficial effect in the treatment of HCV .
This device should be studied for use in psoriasis and in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
This article describes a prospective , controlled , phase II clinical trial submitted to the FDA of this device used for the treatment of HCV infection ( Investigational Device Exemption ( IDE ) # G030242 ) .

OBJECTIVES: Prior to the advent of therapies with sustained virological response rates of 94%, this study was conducted for the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to assess the safety and efficacy of ultraviolet blood irradiation (UVBI) for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
METHODS: Nine patients received 15 UVBI treatments over the course of 22 weeks with the AVIcure Hemo-modulator, which was modified from the original Knott Hemo-irradiator. The patients' viral loads and liver function tests were obtained periodically during the study and analyzed during the course of the trial.
RESULTS: At the end of the study, the overall mean reduction in HCV viral load was 21.5% (p = 0.023); on day 140, direct bilirubin declined by 41.1% (p=0.0059), aspartate aminotransferase declined by 15.2% (p=0.0069), and alanine aminotransferase declined by 19.3% (p=0.0031). The nadir of the mean and median viral load occurred on day 259, and it corresponded to a mean viral load reduction of 44.9% (p=0.0048). During the course of the study, three patients had a greater than 0.5 log reduction in viral load (patient 1, 0.56 log reduction on day 259; patient 4, 0.69 log reduction at the end of the study; patient 11, 0.91 log reduction on day 259). Two patients showed marked improvement in their concurrent psoriasis at the conclusion of the trial.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, UVBI was safe and had a beneficial effect in the treatment of HCV. This device should be studied for use in psoriasis and in infectious diseases that have few treatment options. This article describes a prospective, controlled, phase II clinical trial submitted to the FDA of this device used for the treatment of HCV infection (Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) #G030242).


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Antioxidant and cardioprotective effects of EPA on early low-Severity sepsis.

Sepsis still causes death , often through cardiac failure and mitochondrial dysfunction .
Dietary3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to protect against cardiac dysfunction and sepsis lethality .
This study set out to determine whether early low-severity sepsis alters the cardiac mitochondrial function in animals fed a Western-type diet and whether dietary eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) administration protects the myocardium against the deleterious effects of sepsis and if so to seek possible mechanisms for its effects .
Rats were divided into two groups fed either an3 PUFA-deficient diet ( `` Western diet , '' DEF group ) or an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 5 weeks .
Each group was subdivided into two subgroups : sham-operated rats and rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture ( CLP ) .cardiac mechanical function was examined , and mitochondria were harvested to determine their functional activity .
Oxidative stress was evaluated together with several factors involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism .
Sepsis had little effect on cardiac mechanical function but strongly depressed mitochondrial function in the DEF group .
Conversely , dietary EPA greatly protected the mitochondria through a decreased oxidative stress of the mitochondrial matrix @ @ @ @ @ @ @ an increased uncoupling protein-3 expression , already seen in the sham-operated animals .
CLP rats in the EPA group also displayed increased mitochondrial sirtuin-3 protein expression that could reinforce the upholding of oxidative phosphorylation .
Dietary EPA preconditioned the heart against septic damage through several modifications that protect mitochondrial integrity .
This preconditioning can explain the cardioprotective effect of dietary EPA during sepsis .

Sepsis still causes death, often through cardiac failure and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dietary3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to protect against cardiac dysfunction and sepsis lethality. This study set out to determine whether early low-severity sepsis alters the cardiac mitochondrial function in animals fed a Western-type diet and whether dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) administration protects the myocardium against the deleterious effects of sepsis and if so to seek possible mechanisms for its effects. Rats were divided into two groups fed either an3 PUFA-deficient diet ("Western diet,"DEF group) or an EPA-enriched diet (EPA group) for 5 weeks. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups: sham-operated rats and rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).cardiac mechanical function was examined, and mitochondria were harvested to determine their functional activity. Oxidative stress was evaluated together with several factors involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism. Sepsis had little effect on cardiac mechanical function but strongly depressed mitochondrial function in the DEF group. Conversely, dietary EPA greatly protected the mitochondria through a decreased oxidative stress of the mitochondrial matrix. The latter was probably due to an increased uncoupling protein-3 expression, already seen in the sham-operated animals. CLP rats in the EPA group also displayed increased mitochondrial sirtuin-3 protein expression that could reinforce the upholding of oxidative phosphorylation. Dietary EPA preconditioned the heart against septic damage through several modifications that protect mitochondrial integrity. This preconditioning can explain the cardioprotective effect of dietary EPA during sepsis.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Administration of omega-3 fatty acids could reduce the risk of new-organ failure in patients with ac

Administration of omega-3 fatty acids could reduce the risk of new-organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND : Acute pancreatitis ( AP ) is marked by a strong pro-inflammatory response , which may cause a systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( SIRS ) , organ failure , and death .
Early administration of omega-3 fatty acids ( FA ) may reduce the pro-inflammatory response and improve outcome in AP .
A systematic review focusing on the safety and efficacy of omega-3 FA in AP is lacking .
AIM : Evaluate the safety and efficacy of an intervention with omega-3 FA in acute pancreatitis and additionally in sepsis .
METHODS : A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Cochrane databases including only randomized controlled trials in AP and , for safety endpoints , in sepsis investigating intervention including omega-3 FA without other active components ( e.g .
addition of glutamine to the intervention ) .
The primary outcome was mortality .
RESULTS : After screening 1186 studies , five randomized trials ( n = 229 ) with omega-3 FA in AP were included .
In AP patients treated with omega-3 FA within 48 h after hospitalization , a non-significant reduction of mortality was seen ( OR 0∙50 , 95 % CI @ @ @ @ @ @ @ compared to controls .
In two studies ( n = 85 ) , omega-3 FA reduced the risk ofnew onset of organ failure ( OR 0∙33 , 95 % CI 0∙12-0∙93 , p = 0∙04 ) .
Nine randomized trials with 312 patients suffering from sepsis ( not pancreatitis related ) demonstrated a reduced mortality ( OR 0∙52 , 95 % CI 0∙28-0∙97 , p = 0·04 ) .
None of these 14 randomized trials reported safety concerns .
CONCLUSIONS : Administration of omega-3 FA could reduce the risk of new-organ failure in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ safety issues reported of the early administration of omega-3 FA in any of the included studies .
To show the real clinical benefit of omega-3 FA in AP , a large and pragmatic randomized controlled trial is needed .

BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is marked by a strong pro-inflammatory response, which may cause a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), organ failure, and death. Early administration of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) may reduce the pro-inflammatory response and improve outcome in AP. A systematic review focusing on the safety and efficacy of omega-3 FA in AP is lacking.
AIM: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of an intervention with omega-3 FA in acute pancreatitis and additionally in sepsis.
METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases including only randomized controlled trials in AP and, for safety endpoints, in sepsis investigating intervention including omega-3 FA without other active components (e.g. addition of glutamine to the intervention). The primary outcome was mortality.
RESULTS: After screening 1186 studies, five randomized trials (n = 229) with omega-3 FA in AP were included. In AP patients treated with omega-3 FA within 48 h after hospitalization, a non-significant reduction of mortality was seen (OR 0∙50, 95%CI 0∙13-1∙99, p = 0∙33), compared to controls. In two studies (n = 85), omega-3 FA reduced the risk ofnew onset of organ failure (OR 0∙33, 95%CI 0∙12-0∙93, p = 0∙04). Nine randomized trials with 312 patients suffering from sepsis (not pancreatitis related) demonstrated a reduced mortality (OR 0∙52, 95%CI 0∙28-0∙97, p = 0·04). None of these 14 randomized trials reported safety concerns.
CONCLUSIONS: Administration of omega-3 FA could reduce the risk of new-organ failure in patients with AP. There were no safety issues reported of the early administration of omega-3 FA in any of the included studies. To show the real clinical benefit of omega-3 FA in AP, a large and pragmatic randomized controlled trial is needed.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Comparison of olive leaf, olive oil, palm oil, and omega-3 oil in acute kidney injury induced by sep

Comparison of olive leaf, olive oil, palm oil, and omega-3 oil in acute kidney injury induced by sepsis.

Background : Hypotension , increased production of reactive oxygen species , and inflammation are all observed in experimental models of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) .
Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ethanolic extract of Brazilian olive leaf ( Ex ) , Brazilian olive oil ( Olv ) , Ex + Olv ( ExOlv ) , and palm oil ( Pal ) in comparison to the effects of omega-3 fish oil ( Omg ) in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury .
Materials : Wistar rats were divided @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) , which were either untreated ( control ) or treated with LPS , LPS + Ex , LPS + ExOlv , LPS + Olv , LPS + Omg , or LPS + Pal .
Results : Lower values of creatinine clearance and blood pressure were observed in the LPS-treated group , and these values were not affected by Ex , Olv , ExOlv , Pal , or Omg treatment .
Mortality rates were significantly lower in rats exposed to LPS when they were also treated with Ex , ExOlv , Olv , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ also decreased oxidative stress and inflammation ( Tumor necrosis factor alpha , interleukin-1 beta ) and increased interleukin-10 levels and cell proliferation , which were associated with decreased apoptosis in kidney tissue .
Conclusion : Ex and Pal treatments were beneficial in septic rats , since they increased survival rate and did not aggravate inflammation .
However , the most effective treatments for septic rats were Olv in comparison to Omg .
These natural food substances could enable the development of effective therapeutic interventions to sepsis .

Background: Hypotension, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation are all observed in experimental models of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ethanolic extract of Brazilian olive leaf (Ex), Brazilian olive oil (Olv), Ex + Olv (ExOlv), and palm oil (Pal) in comparison to the effects of omega-3 fish oil (Omg) in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.
Materials: Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (seven per group), which were either untreated (control) or treated with LPS, LPS + Ex, LPS + ExOlv, LPS + Olv, LPS + Omg, or LPS + Pal.
Results: Lower values of creatinine clearance and blood pressure were observed in the LPS-treated group, and these values were not affected by Ex, Olv, ExOlv, Pal, or Omg treatment. Mortality rates were significantly lower in rats exposed to LPS when they were also treated with Ex, ExOlv, Olv, Pal, or Omg. These treatments also decreased oxidative stress and inflammation (Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta) and increased interleukin-10 levels and cell proliferation, which were associated with decreased apoptosis in kidney tissue.
Conclusion: Ex and Pal treatments were beneficial in septic rats, since they increased survival rate and did not aggravate inflammation. However, the most effective treatments for septic rats were Olv in comparison to Omg. These natural food substances could enable the development of effective therapeutic interventions to sepsis.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein inhibit migration and invasion in ER-positive breast cancer cell lines

Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein inhibit migration and invasion in ER-positive breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and T47D).

Hydroxytyrosol ( HT ) and oleuropein ( OL ) , the most abundant of the phenolic compounds in olives , have anticancer properties against breast cancer ( BC ) .
However , little attention has been paid to the mechanism of HT or OL in BC cells .
The objective of this study was to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms of these compounds .
ER-positive BC MCF7 and T47D cells were treated with HT and OL in combination with hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF ) , rapamycin ( Rapa , an agonist of autophagy ) or 3-methyladenine ( 3-MA , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ viability , metastasis capability and autophagy-related proteins were evaluated by wound healing assays , Transwell assays and Western blot .
HT and OL reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 and T47D cells in a dose-dependent manner .
Both cells were more sensitive to HT than OL .
In addition , Rapa significantly inhibited HGF-induced migration and invasion , indicating that metastases of both BC cells could be inhibited by suppression of autophagy .
Moreover , HT and OL significantly blocked HGF- or 3-MA-induced cell migration and invasion by reversing LC3II/LC3I and Beclin-1 downregulation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that HT and OL could suppress migration and invasion by activating autophagy in ER-positive BC cells , which might be a promising therapeutic strategy .

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein (OL), the most abundant of the phenolic compounds in olives, have anticancer properties against breast cancer (BC). However, little attention has been paid to the mechanism of HT or OL in BC cells. The objective of this study was to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms of these compounds. ER-positive BC MCF7 and T47D cells were treated with HT and OL in combination with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), rapamycin (Rapa, an agonist of autophagy) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy). Cell viability, metastasis capability and autophagy-related proteins were evaluated by wound healing assays, Transwell assays and Western blot. HT and OL reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 and T47D cells in a dose-dependent manner. Both cells were more sensitive to HT than OL. In addition, Rapa significantly inhibited HGF-induced migration and invasion, indicating that metastases of both BC cells could be inhibited by suppression of autophagy. Moreover, HT and OL significantly blocked HGF- or 3-MA-induced cell migration and invasion by reversing LC3II/LC3I and Beclin-1 downregulation and p62 upregulation. These findings revealed that HT and OL could suppress migration and invasion by activating autophagy in ER-positive BC cells, which might be a promising therapeutic strategy.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--In vitro antifungal activity of olive leaf extracts loaded in chitosan nanoparticles.

Olive leaf extract is characterized by a high content of phenols and flavonoids ( oleuropein , luteolin , and their derivatives ) .
These compounds are defined as secondary metabolites and exert such as anti-inflammatory , antioxidant , and antimicrobial activities .
We investigated theantifungal activity of two olive leaf extracts ( namedand ) against a ( AACC0215 ) strain that causes diseases to many economically important plants and synthesizing diverse mycotoxins .
In this work , we aimed to identify the most appropriate concentration between the tested two olive leaf extracts to develop a safe , stable and efficient @ @ @ @ @ @ @ analyses of the two olive leaf extracts by ( HPLC ) were performed .
Furthermore , we also evaluated the antifungal effects of the two leaf extracts when encapsulated in chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles .
The major compound in bothandwas oleuropein , with 336 and 603 mg/g , respectively , however , high concentrations of flavonoid were also present.andshowed a concentration depended effect on ( AACC0215 ) viability .
Our results showed a great efficacy of/nanoparticles at the higher concentration tested ( 12X ) against the target species .
In this case , we observed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ growth of 87.96 and 58.13 % , respectively .
We suggest thatolive leaf extracts , as free or encapsulated in chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles , could be used as fungicides to control plant diseases .
Finally , future application of these findings may allow to reduce the dosage of fungicides potentially harmful to human health .

Olive leaf extract is characterized by a high content of phenols and flavonoids (oleuropein, luteolin, and their derivatives). These compounds are defined as secondary metabolites and exert such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. We investigated theantifungal activity of two olive leaf extracts (namedand) against a(AACC0215) strain that causes diseases to many economically important plants and synthesizing diverse mycotoxins. In this work, we aimed to identify the most appropriate concentration between the tested two olive leaf extracts to develop a safe, stable and efficient drug delivery system. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the two olive leaf extracts by (HPLC) were performed. Furthermore, we also evaluated the antifungal effects of the two leaf extracts when encapsulated in chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles. The major compound in bothandwas oleuropein, with 336 and 603 mg/g, respectively, however, high concentrations of flavonoid were also present.andshowed a concentration depended effect on(AACC0215) viability. Our results showed a great efficacy of/nanoparticles at the higher concentration tested (12X) against the target species. In this case, we observed an inhibition rate to both germination and growth of 87.96 and 58.13%, respectively. We suggest thatolive leaf extracts, as free or encapsulated in chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles, could be used as fungicides to control plant diseases. Finally, future application of these findings may allow to reduce the dosage of fungicides potentially harmful to human health.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Olive leaf extract modulates glycerol-induced kidney and liver damage.

The present study was conducted to examine the protective effect of olive leaf extract ( OLE ) against glycerol-induced oxidative stress in rats .
Sixty male albino rats were used and allocated randomly into four groups , each of 15 rats .
Groups ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) were administered intraperitoneally ( i.p . )
a single dose of 500 μL normal saline and hypertonic glycerol solution ( 10 mL/kg b.wt.
, 50 % v/v , in sterile saline ) , respectively , followed by a 24-h period of water deprivation .
Group ( 3 ) was orally @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) for 22 days and glycerol as mentioned above on the 14th day of OLE administration followed by a 24-h period of water deprivation .
Group ( 4 ) was administered OLE alone .
Five rats from each group were sacrificed and samples were collected 1 , 5 , and 8 days after water deprivation .
Alterations in hematobiochemical parameters , renal and hepatic oxidative stress markers , as well as histopathology of the kidney and liver , were evaluated .
Glycerol treatment resulted in significant hematological and biochemical alterations as well as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Administration of OLE has significantly ameliorated renal dysfunction , morphological alterations of kidneyand liver , and relieved the oxidative stress .
These findings show obviously the role of oxidative stress and its relevance to renal dysfunction and suggest the ameliorative impact of OLE in glycerol-induced acute kidney damage in rats , possibly due to its antioxidant properties .

The present study was conducted to examine the protective effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) against glycerol-induced oxidative stress in rats. Sixty male albino rats were used and allocated randomly into four groups, each of 15 rats. Groups (1) and (2) were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) a single dose of 500 μL normal saline and hypertonic glycerol solution (10 mL/kg b.wt., 50% v/v, in sterile saline), respectively, followed by a 24-h period of water deprivation. Group (3) was orally given OLE (500 mg/kg b.wt.) for 22 days and glycerol as mentioned above on the 14th day of OLE administration followed by a 24-h period of water deprivation. Group (4) was administered OLE alone. Five rats from each group were sacrificed and samples were collected 1, 5, and 8 days after water deprivation. Alterations in hematobiochemical parameters, renal and hepatic oxidative stress markers, as well as histopathology of the kidney and liver, were evaluated. Glycerol treatment resulted in significant hematological and biochemical alterations as well as significant renal and hepatic oxidative stress. Administration of OLE has significantly ameliorated renal dysfunction, morphological alterations of kidneyand liver, and relieved the oxidative stress. These findings show obviously the role of oxidative stress and its relevance to renal dysfunction and suggest the ameliorative impact of OLE in glycerol-induced acute kidney damage in rats, possibly due to its antioxidant properties.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Effects of kefir or milk supplementation on zonulin in overweight subjects.

Increased intestinal permeability has been shown to be involved in several diseases associated with low-grade chronic inflammation , including obesity and metabolic syndrome .
In the last decade , growing evidence shows the beneficial effects of probiotic-containing food supplementation on these conditions .
In this crossover intervention study on 28 asymptomatic overweight adults , we tested the effects of a 3-wk kefir supplementation compared with a 3-wk milk supplementation on serum zonulin levels .
The effects on serum glucose , triacylglycerols , low-density lipoproteins , high-density lipoproteins , total cholesterol , markers of inflammation ( C-reactive protein and adiponectin ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ appetite were also determined .
Kefir supplementation resulted in a greater improvement of serum zonulin levels ( F = 6.812 , η= 0.275 ) , whereas a significant yet similar improvement in lipid profile and serum glucose levels was found in both supplementations .
Positive mood was slightly but significantly enhanced with kefir supplementation , and reduced with milk supplementation .
The C-reactive protein , adiponectin , and appetite were unaffected .
In conclusion , supplementation with both dairy products had health beneficial effects , but only kefir showed an effect on the @ @ @ @ @

Increased intestinal permeability has been shown to be involved in several diseases associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, including obesity and metabolic syndrome. In the last decade, growing evidence shows the beneficial effects of probiotic-containing food supplementation on these conditions. In this crossover intervention study on 28 asymptomatic overweight adults, we tested the effects of a 3-wk kefir supplementation compared with a 3-wk milk supplementation on serum zonulin levels. The effects on serum glucose, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein and adiponectin), anthropometric variables, mood, and appetite were also determined. Kefir supplementation resulted in a greater improvement of serum zonulin levels (F = 6.812,η= 0.275), whereas a significant yet similar improvement in lipid profile and serum glucose levels was found in both supplementations. Positive mood was slightly but significantly enhanced with kefir supplementation, and reduced with milk supplementation. The C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and appetite were unaffected. In conclusion, supplementation with both dairy products had health beneficial effects, but only kefir showed an effect on the intestinal barrier dysfunction marker.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--New insights on the beneficial effects of the probiotic kefir on vascular dysfunction in cardiovascu

New insights on the beneficial effects of the probiotic kefir on vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.

The mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases have been the focus of experimental and clinical studies for decades .
Among those studies , the relationship between the gut microbiota and the organs and system tissues , represents the research field that has generated the highest number of publications .
Homeostasis of the gut microbiota is important to the host because promotes maturation of the autoimmune system , harmonic integrative functions of the brain and the normal function of organs related with cardiovascular and metabolic systems .
On the other hand , when occurs a gut microbiota dysbiosis , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ onset or aggravation of complex chronic conditions , such as cardiovascular ( e.g.
, arterial hypertension ) and neurodegenerative ( e.g.
, dementia ) diseases .
In the present brief review , we discuss the main mechanisms involved in those disturbances and the promising beneficial effects that have been revealed using functional food ( nutraceuticals ) , such as the traditional probiotic Kefir .
Here , we highlight current scientific advances , concerns and limitations about the use of this nutraceutical .
The focus of our discussion is the endothelial dysfunction that accompanies @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that characterizes the ageing-related dementia in patients suffering of Alzheimer disease .

The mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases have been the focus of experimental and clinical studies for decades. Among those studies, the relationship between the gut microbiota and the organs and system tissues, represents the research field that has generated the highest number of publications. Homeostasis of the gut microbiota is important to the host because promotes maturation of the autoimmune system, harmonic integrative functions of the brain and the normal function of organs related with cardiovascular and metabolic systems. On the other hand, when occurs a gut microbiota dysbiosis, the target organs become vulnerable to the onset or aggravation of complex chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular (e.g., arterial hypertension) and neurodegenerative (e.g., dementia) diseases. In the present brief review, we discuss the main mechanisms involved in those disturbances and the promising beneficial effects that have been revealed using functional food (nutraceuticals), such as the traditional probiotic Kefir. Here, we highlight current scientific advances, concerns and limitations about the use of this nutraceutical. The focus of our discussion is the endothelial dysfunction that accompanies the hypertension, and the neurovascular dysfunction that characterizes the ageing-related dementia in patients suffering of Alzheimer disease.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--The effect of probiotics on the secretory immunity of saliva in patients with type 2 diabetes.

To study the effect of the use of probiotics on the state of mucosal immunity in patients with type 2 @ @ @ @ @ results was carried out based on immunological parameters of the saliva of 50 patients suffering @ @ @ @ @ moderate periodontitis , before and 1 month after taking a probiotic complex based on Lactobacillus @ @ @ @ @ of patients , a decrease in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β , TNF-α and @ @ @ @ @ an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was observed .
An increase in local mucosal @ @ @ @ @ manifested in an increase in the synthesis of secretory immunoglobulin A .

To study the effect of the use of probiotics on the state of mucosal immunity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Evaluation of the results was carried out based on immunological parameters of the saliva of 50 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes with moderate periodontitis, before and 1 month after taking a probiotic complex based on Lactobacillus. In the salivary fluid of patients, a decrease in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 was noted, while an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was observed. An increase in local mucosal immunity was also observed, manifested in an increase in the synthesis of secretory immunoglobulin A.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Immunobiotic and paraprobiotic potential effect of Lactobacillus casei in a systemic toxoplasmosis m

Immunobiotic and paraprobiotic potential effect of Lactobacillus casei in a systemic toxoplasmosis murine model.

One of the main characteristics of probiotics is their ability to stimulate and modulate the immune response regardless of their viability .
( Lc ) can stimulate local and systemic immunity , in addition to the activation of macrophages at sites distant from the intestine .
Activated macrophages limit the replication of intracellular protozoa , such as , through the production of nitric oxide .
The present study aimed to evaluate the protection generated by treatment with viable and non-viable Lc in the murine systemic toxoplasmosis model .
CD1 male mice were treated with viable Lc ( immunobiotic ) and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with tachyzoites ofRH strain .
The reduction of the parasitic load , activation of peritoneal macrophages , inflammatory cytokines , and cell populations was evaluated at 7 days post-infection , in addition to the survival .
The immunobiotic and paraprobiotic reduced the parasitic load , but only the immunobiotic increased the activation of peritoneal macrophages , and the production of interferon-gamma ( IFN-γ ) , tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) , and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) while the paraprobiotic increased the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( MCP-1 ) and T CD4CD44lymphocytes @ @ @ @ @ @ @ but does not prevent the death of animals .
The results provide evidence about the remote immunological stimulation of viable and non-viable Lc in an in vivo parasitic model .

One of the main characteristics of probiotics is their ability to stimulate and modulate the immune response regardless of their viability.(Lc) can stimulate local and systemic immunity, in addition to the activation of macrophages at sites distant from the intestine. Activated macrophages limit the replication of intracellular protozoa, such as, through the production of nitric oxide. The present study aimed to evaluate the protection generated by treatment with viable and non-viable Lc in the murine systemic toxoplasmosis model. CD1 male mice were treated with viable Lc (immunobiotic) and non-viable Lc (paraprobiotic), infected with tachyzoites ofRH strain. The reduction of the parasitic load, activation of peritoneal macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, and cell populations was evaluated at 7 days post-infection, in addition to the survival. The immunobiotic and paraprobiotic reduced the parasitic load, but only the immunobiotic increased the activation of peritoneal macrophages, and the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) while the paraprobiotic increased the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and T CD4CD44lymphocytes. Viable and non-viable Lc increases survival but does not prevent the death of animals. The results provide evidence about the remote immunological stimulation of viable and non-viable Lc in an in vivo parasitic model.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Formula-fed infants may benefit from probiotics supplementation to sustain the development of mucosa

Formula-fed infants are more susceptible to infectious diseases because they lack the maternal immune factors transferred from breast milk , while their own immune system is still immature .
As timely probiotic administration was suggested to promote immune system development in formula-fed infants , this study aimed at assessing the safety and the effects of a probiotic supplement ( R0033 , R0071 , andR0052 ) on mucosal immune competence and digestive function in formula-fed infants .
Healthy infants ( 3.5-6 months old ) were randomised to receive either probiotic- ( n=66 ) or placebo-supplemented ( n=66 ) formula once a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ probiotics group , faecal secretory immunoglobulin A ( SIgA ) levels remained similar between visit 2 ( baseline ; V2 ) and visit 3 ( end-of-treatment ; V3 ) , but decreased in the placebo group .
Changes in SIgA levels following treatment ( logΔV3-V2 [ 95 % CI ] ) between the probiotic and placebo groups were statistically significant ( 23 ng/dl [ -57 ; 102 ] and -137 ng/dl [ -212 ; -62 ] , respectively ( =0.0044 ; ANCOVA ) ) .
While logΔV3-V2 [ 95 % CI ] for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , this trend was more pronounced in the probiotics than in the placebo group with an increase of 123 ng/dl [ 9 ; 236 ] and 37 ng/dL [ -72 ; 147 ] , respectively ( =0.2829 ; ANCOVA ) .
The weekly average number of stools/day was significantly higher in the probiotics group compared to placebo during the last week of treatment for the per protocol population .
There was no difference in microbiota composition or anthropometric parameters between groups .
No serious adverse event was reported , and all adverse events @ @ @ @ @ @ @ or study .
Our results show that formula-fed infants receiving probiotics maintained higher faecal SIgA levels at the end of the four-week treatment period , suggesting a positive effect of probiotics on SIgA production .
This study demonstrates the safety of this probiotic formulation in infants .
Formula-fed infants may benefit from probiotics supplementation to sustain the development of mucosal immunity .

Formula-fed infants are more susceptible to infectious diseases because they lack the maternal immune factors transferred from breast milk, while their own immune system is still immature. As timely probiotic administration was suggested to promote immune system development in formula-fed infants, this study aimed at assessing the safety and the effects of a probiotic supplement (R0033,R0071, andR0052) on mucosal immune competence and digestive function in formula-fed infants. Healthy infants (3.5-6 months old) were randomised to receive either probiotic- (n=66) or placebo-supplemented (n=66) formula once a day for four weeks. In the probiotics group, faecal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels remained similar between visit 2 (baseline; V2) and visit 3 (end-of-treatment; V3), but decreased in the placebo group. Changes in SIgA levels following treatment (logΔV3-V2 [95%CI]) between the probiotic and placebo groups were statistically significant (23 ng/dl [-57;102] and -137 ng/dl [-212;-62], respectively (=0.0044; ANCOVA)). While logΔV3-V2 [95%CI] for salivary SIgA levels increased in both groups, this trend was more pronounced in the probiotics than in the placebo group with an increase of 123 ng/dl [9;236] and 37 ng/dL [-72;147], respectively (=0.2829; ANCOVA). The weekly average number of stools/day was significantly higher in the probiotics group compared to placebo during the last week of treatment for the per protocol population. There was no difference in microbiota composition or anthropometric parameters between groups. No serious adverse event was reported, and all adverse events were mild and unrelated to the product or study. Our results show that formula-fed infants receiving probiotics maintained higher faecal SIgA levels at the end of the four-week treatment period, suggesting a positive effect of probiotics on SIgA production. This study demonstrates the safety of this probiotic formulation in infants. Formula-fed infants may benefit from probiotics supplementation to sustain the development of mucosal immunity.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Potential health-promoting benefits of paraprobiotics, inactivated orobiotic cells.

Viability plays an important role in the beneficial microbes ( probiotics ) to produce health benefits .
However , this idea has been changed after the invention of the term , paraprobiotics , indicating that non-viable microbes could produce health benefits that are similar to those produced by live probiotics .
Occasionally , it might be dangerous to administer live probiotics to people with weak immunity .
In such cases , ingestion of paraprobiotics could be a potential alternative .
The definition of paraprobiotics refers to the use of inactivated ( non-viable ) microbial cells or cell fractions to provide @ @ @ @ @ @ @ have attracted much attention because of their long shelf life , safety , and beneficial effects , such as modulation of immunity , modification of biological responses , reduction of cholesterol , anti-inflammatory , and antiproliferative properties .
These features indicate that paraprobiotics may play a vital role in improving the health of the consumer by enhancing particular physiological functions , even though the exact underlying mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated .
In this mini-review , we briefly discuss the historical backgrounds of paraprobiotics and evidence of their health-promoting effects , @ @ @ @ @ @

Viability plays an important role in the beneficial microbes (probiotics) to produce health benefits. However, this idea has been changed after the invention of the term, paraprobiotics, indicating that non-viable microbes could produce health benefits that are similar to those produced by live probiotics. Occasionally, it might be dangerous to administer live probiotics to people with weak immunity. In such cases, ingestion of paraprobiotics could be a potential alternative. The definition of paraprobiotics refers to the use of inactivated (non-viable) microbial cells or cell fractions to provide health benefits to the consumer. Paraprobiotics have attracted much attention because of their long shelf life, safety, and beneficial effects, such as modulation of immunity, modification of biological responses, reduction of cholesterol, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. These features indicate that paraprobiotics may play a vital role in improving the health of the consumer by enhancing particular physiological functions, even though the exact underlying mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated. In this mini-review, we briefly discuss the historical backgrounds of paraprobiotics and evidence of their health-promoting effects, prophylactic, and therapeutic properties.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharides reduce side effects of cyclophosphamide on intestinal mucosal imm

Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharides reduce side effects of cyclophosphamide on intestinal mucosal immunity and gut microbiota.

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of cultured Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharides ( CSP ) on cyclophosphamide ( @ @ @ @ @ immunosuppression and microbial dysbiosis in mice .
Results showed that CSP stimulated cytokines secretion ( @ @ @ @ @ , IL-13 , IL-6 , IL-17 , IL-10 , TGF-β3 , TNF-α , IL-2 , @ @ @ @ @ production ( T-bet , GATA-3 , RORγt , Foxp3 ) .
TLRs ( TLR-2 , @ @ @ @ @ NF-κB pathway key proteins ( p-IκB-α , NF-κB p65 ) were also upregulated after CSP @ @ @ @ @ recovered SCFAs levels which decreased by Cy treatment .
Furthermore , 16S rRNA sequencing of @ @ @ @ @ α-diversity and β-diversity analysis revealed CSP improved microbial community diversity and modulated the overall structure @ @ @ @ @ composition analysis found that CSP increased the abundance of probiotics ( Lactobacillus , Bifidobacterium , @ @ @ @ @ bacteria ( Clostridium , Flexispira ) .
These findings suggested the potential of CSP as @ @ @ @ @ effects of Cy on intestinal mucosal immunity and gut microbiota .

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of cultured Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharides (CSP) on cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced intestinal mucosal immunosuppression and microbial dysbiosis in mice. Results showed that CSP stimulated cytokines secretion (IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-17, IL-10, TGF-β3, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-21) and transcription factors production (T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt, Foxp3). TLRs (TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-6) and NF-κB pathway key proteins (p-IκB-α, NF-κB p65) were also upregulated after CSP administration. Moreover, CSP recovered SCFAs levels which decreased by Cy treatment. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples was performed. α-diversity and β-diversity analysis revealed CSP improved microbial community diversity and modulated the overall structure of gut microbiota. Taxonomic composition analysis found that CSP increased the abundance of probiotics (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides) and decreased pathogenic bacteria (Clostridium, Flexispira). These findings suggested the potential of CSP as a prebiotics to reduce side effects of Cy on intestinal mucosal immunity and gut microbiota.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--The impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the biochemical, clinical, and immunological

The impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the biochemical, clinical, and immunological markers, as well as on the gut microbiota of obese hosts.

Obesity is currently considered a global epidemic and it leads to several alterations on the human body and its metabolism .
There are evidences showing that the intestinal microbiota can influence on the pathogenesis of obesity .
Microbiota plays a vital role not only in the digestion and absorption of nutrients , but also in the homeostatic maintenance of host immunity , metabolism , and gut barrier .
Its dietary alteration is an important target in the treatment of obesity .
Emerging evidence suggests that modifying the composition of the gut microbiota through probiotic , prebiotic , and synbiotic supplementation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for obese individuals .
In this review , the impact of probiotics , prebiotics , and synbiotics on the anthropometric profile , biochemical regulation , clinical , and immunological markers , as well as on the gut microbiota of obese hosts is described .
It also emphasizes how changes in the composition and/or metabolic activity of the gut microbiota through the administration of nutrients with probiotic , prebiotic , or synbiotic properties can modulate the host 's gene expression and metabolism , and thereby positively influence on the host 's adipose tissue development @ @ @ @ @ @ @ effects on the host 's metabolism promoted by prebiotics , probiotics , and synbiotics have been successfully demonstrated by several studies .
However , further investigation is needed to fully explain the cellular mechanisms of action of probiotics and prebiotics on human health , and also to elucidate the relationship between microbiota and obesity etiology , using well-designed , long-term , and large-scale clinical interventions .

Obesity is currently considered a global epidemic and it leads to several alterations on the human body and its metabolism. There are evidences showing that the intestinal microbiota can influence on the pathogenesis of obesity. Microbiota plays a vital role not only in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also in the homeostatic maintenance of host immunity, metabolism, and gut barrier. Its dietary alteration is an important target in the treatment of obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that modifying the composition of the gut microbiota through probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation may be a viable adjuvant treatment option for obese individuals. In this review, the impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the anthropometric profile, biochemical regulation, clinical, and immunological markers, as well as on the gut microbiota of obese hosts is described. It also emphasizes how changes in the composition and/or metabolic activity of the gut microbiota through the administration of nutrients with probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic properties can modulate the host's gene expression and metabolism, and thereby positively influence on the host's adipose tissue development and related metabolic disorders. The beneficial effects on the host's metabolism promoted by prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been successfully demonstrated by several studies. However, further investigation is needed to fully explain the cellular mechanisms of action of probiotics and prebiotics on human health, and also to elucidate the relationship between microbiota and obesity etiology, using well-designed, long-term, and large-scale clinical interventions.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--A commercial probiotic induces tolerogenic and reduces pathogenic responses in experimental autoimmu

A commercial probiotic induces tolerogenic and reduces pathogenic responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Previous studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE ) models have shown that some probiotic bacteria beneficially impact the development of this experimental disease .
Here , we tested the therapeutic effect of two commercial multispecies probiotics-Lactibiane iki and Vivomixx-on the clinical outcome of established EAE .
Lactibiane iki improves EAE clinical outcome in a dose-dependent manner and decreases central nervous system ( CNS ) demyelination and inflammation .
This clinical improvement is related to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory and the stimulation of immunoregulatory mechanisms in the periphery .
Moreover , both probiotics modulate the number and phenotype of dendritic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Lactibiane iki promotes an immature , tolerogenic phenotype of DCs that can directly induce immune tolerance in the periphery , while Vivomixx decreases the percentage of DCs expressing co-stimulatory molecules .
Finally , gut microbiome analysis reveals an altered microbiome composition related to clinical condition and disease progression .
This is the first preclinical assay that demonstrates that a commercial probiotic performs a beneficial and dose-dependent effect in EAE mice and one of the few that demonstrates a therapeutic effect once the experimental disease is established .
Because this probiotic is already available @ @ @ @ @ @ @ being planned to explore its therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis patients .

Previous studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models have shown that some probiotic bacteria beneficially impact the development of this experimental disease. Here, we tested the therapeutic effect of two commercial multispecies probiotics-Lactibiane iki and Vivomixx-on the clinical outcome of established EAE. Lactibiane iki improves EAE clinical outcome in a dose-dependent manner and decreases central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and inflammation. This clinical improvement is related to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory and the stimulation of immunoregulatory mechanisms in the periphery. Moreover, both probiotics modulate the number and phenotype of dendritic cells (DCs). Specifically, Lactibiane iki promotes an immature, tolerogenic phenotype of DCs that can directly induce immune tolerance in the periphery, while Vivomixx decreases the percentage of DCs expressing co-stimulatory molecules. Finally, gut microbiome analysis reveals an altered microbiome composition related to clinical condition and disease progression. This is the first preclinical assay that demonstrates that a commercial probiotic performs a beneficial and dose-dependent effect in EAE mice and one of the few that demonstrates a therapeutic effect once the experimental disease is established. Because this probiotic is already available for clinical trials, further studies are being planned to explore its therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis patients.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Introduction of probiotics for preterm infants in NZ has been associated with significant reductions

Necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) affects mainly preterm infants , has a multifactorial etiology and is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and disordered immunity .
Use of probiotics for prophylaxis is beneficial with studies indicating reduction in NEC≥ stage 2 , late onset sepsis ( LOS ) and mortality .
However , not all studies have shown a reduction , there are questions regarding which probiotic to use , whether infants < 1,000 g benefit and the risk of probiotic sepsis .
All neonatal intensive care units in New Zealand ( NZ ) use probiotics and contribute to an international database @ @ @ @ @ @ @ or ANZNN ) .To use ANZNN data to investigate the experience of NZ neonatal units with probiotics for NEC prevention in a setting where the baseline incidence of severe NEC was low , to compare results of 2 commonly used probiotic regimes and report on the extremely low birth weight subgroup.Outcomes before ( Pre group 2007-2010 ) and after ( Probiotic group 2013-2015 ) starting routine probiotics for preterm infants < 1,500 g or < 32 weeks were compared .
Clinicians reviewed cases to ensure they met database criteria .
Five units used @ @ @ @ @ @ @ LGG ) and bovine lactoferrin ( bLF ) .Four thousand five hundred and twenty nine infants were included and Pre and Probiotic groups were well-balanced with regard to gestation , birth weight and gender .
The incidence of NEC in the Probiotic group was 1.6 and 2.7 % in the pre group ( corrected OR 0.62 CI 0.41-0.94 ) .
There was one case of probiotic sepsis .
There was no significant difference between the Infloran and LGG/bLF combinations in regard to observed NEC rates .
Late onset sepsis rates were significantly lower @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) .Introduction of probiotics for preterm infants in NZ has been associated with significant reductions in NEC and late onset sepsis .

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) affects mainly preterm infants, has a multifactorial etiology and is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and disordered immunity. Use of probiotics for prophylaxis is beneficial with studies indicating reduction in NEC≥ stage 2, late onset sepsis (LOS) and mortality. However, not all studies have shown a reduction, there are questions regarding which probiotic to use, whether infants<1,000 g benefit and the risk of probiotic sepsis. All neonatal intensive care units in New Zealand (NZ) use probiotics and contribute to an international database (Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network or ANZNN).To use ANZNN data to investigate the experience of NZ neonatal units with probiotics for NEC prevention in a setting where the baseline incidence of severe NEC was low, to compare results of 2 commonly used probiotic regimes and report on the extremely low birth weight subgroup.Outcomes before (Pre group 2007-2010) and after (Probiotic group 2013-2015) starting routine probiotics for preterm infants<1,500 g or<32 weeks were compared. Clinicians reviewed cases to ensure they met database criteria. Five units used Infloran (andand 1 unit used(LGG) and bovine lactoferrin (bLF).Four thousand five hundred and twenty nine infants were included and Pre and Probiotic groups were well-balanced with regard to gestation, birth weight and gender. The incidence of NEC in the Probiotic group was 1.6 and 2.7% in the pre group (corrected OR 0.62 CI 0.41-0.94). There was one case of probiotic sepsis. There was no significant difference between the Infloran and LGG/bLF combinations in regard to observed NEC rates. Late onset sepsis rates were significantly lower in the Probiotic group (<0.01).Introduction of probiotics for preterm infants in NZ has been associated with significant reductions in NEC and late onset sepsis.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS : Balanced nutrition which can help in maintaining immunity is essential for prevention and management of viral infections .
While data regarding nutrition in coronavirus infection ( COVID-19 ) are not available , in this review , we aimed to evaluate evidence from previous clinical trials that studied nutrition-based interventions for viral diseases ( with special emphasis on respiratory infections ) , and summarise our observations .
METHODS : A systematic search strategy was employed using keywords to search the literature in 3 key medical databases : PubMed® , Web of Science® and SciVerse Scopus® .
Studies @ @ @ @ @ @ @ trials in humans , measuring immunological parameters , on viral and respiratory infections .
Clinical trials on vitamins , minerals , nutraceuticals and probiotics were included .
RESULTS : A total of 640 records were identified initially and 22 studies were included from other sources .
After excluding duplicates and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria , 43 studies were obtained ( vitamins : 13 ; minerals : 8 ; nutraceuticals : 18 and probiotics : 4 ) .
Among vitamins , A and D showed a potential benefit , especially @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , selenium and zinc have also shown favourable immune-modulatory effects in viral respiratory infections .
Several nutraceuticals and probiotics may also have some role in enhancing immune functions .
Micronutrients may be beneficial in nutritionally depleted elderly population .
CONCLUSIONS : We summaries possible benefits of some vitamins , trace elements , nutraceuticals and probiotics in viral infections .
Nutrition principles based on these data could be useful in possible prevention and management of COVID-19 .

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Balanced nutrition which can help in maintaining immunity is essential for prevention and management of viral infections. While data regarding nutrition in coronavirus infection (COVID-19) are not available, in this review, we aimed to evaluate evidence from previous clinical trials that studied nutrition-based interventions for viral diseases (with special emphasis on respiratory infections), and summarise our observations.
METHODS: A systematic search strategy was employed using keywords to search the literature in 3 key medical databases: PubMed®, Web of Science® and SciVerse Scopus®. Studies were considered eligible if they were controlled trials in humans, measuring immunological parameters, on viral and respiratory infections. Clinical trials on vitamins, minerals, nutraceuticals and probiotics were included.
RESULTS: A total of 640 records were identified initially and 22 studies were included from other sources. After excluding duplicates and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 43 studies were obtained (vitamins: 13; minerals: 8; nutraceuticals: 18 and probiotics: 4). Among vitamins, A and D showed a potential benefit, especially in deficient populations. Among trace elements, selenium and zinc have also shown favourable immune-modulatory effects in viral respiratory infections. Several nutraceuticals and probiotics may also have some role in enhancing immune functions. Micronutrients may be beneficial in nutritionally depleted elderly population.
CONCLUSIONS: We summaries possible benefits of some vitamins, trace elements, nutraceuticals and probiotics in viral infections. Nutrition principles based on these data could be useful in possible prevention and management of COVID-19.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Red wine extract disrupts Th17 lymphocyte differentiation in a colorectal cancer context.

SCOPE : It is well established that immune response and inflammation promote tumoral progression .
Immune cells communicate through direct contact or through cytokine secretion , and it is the expression of these mediators and of the pro-inflammatory status that will tip the balance toward tumor progression or anti-tumor immunity .
We have demonstrated that a red wine extract ( RWE ) was able to decrease inflammation through its action on the inflammasome complex .
In this study , we sought to determine whether an RWE could impact other key actors of inflammation , in particular T helper 17 ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ RESULTS : Using an RWE containing 4.16 g of polyphenols/liter of wine , we showed that RWE decreased colorectal cancer cells ( SW620 , HCT116 , MC38 and CT26 ) in vitro and that RWE induced a reduction in colorectal tumor growth associated with a decrease in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in vivo .
The process of T-lymphocyte differentiation in Th17 cells was altered by RWE , as revealed by the decrease in the expression of key actors controlling this process , such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and retinoid acid-related orphan @ @ @ @ @ @ @ an inhibition of inflammatory interleukin 17 secretion .
CONCLUSION : The data highlighted the major involvement of Th17 immune cells in the biological effects of an RWE .
This article is protected by copyright .
All rights reserved .

SCOPE: It is well established that immune response and inflammation promote tumoral progression. Immune cells communicate through direct contact or through cytokine secretion, and it is the expression of these mediators and of the pro-inflammatory status that will tip the balance toward tumor progression or anti-tumor immunity. We have demonstrated that a red wine extract (RWE) was able to decrease inflammation through its action on the inflammasome complex. In this study, we sought to determine whether an RWE could impact other key actors of inflammation, in particular T helper 17 (Th17) immune cells.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Using an RWE containing 4.16 g of polyphenols/liter of wine, we showed that RWE decreased colorectal cancer cells (SW620, HCT116, MC38 and CT26) in vitro and that RWE induced a reduction in colorectal tumor growth associated with a decrease in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in vivo. The process of T-lymphocyte differentiation in Th17 cells was altered by RWE, as revealed by the decrease in the expression of key actors controlling this process, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and retinoid acid-related orphan receptorγt. This disruption was associated with an inhibition of inflammatory interleukin 17 secretion.
CONCLUSION: The data highlighted the major involvement of Th17 immune cells in the biological effects of an RWE. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Autotransfusion of ultraviolet-irradiated blood in destructive pneumonia of young children.

Analysis of the results of clinicoimmunological study of the use of autotransfusion of blood treated by ultraviolet irradiation ( ABUVI @ @ @ @ @ purulent destructive pneumonia ( APDP ) revealed that imbalance of cellular and humoral immunity factors @ @ @ @ @ the severity of the disease .
ABUVI is an effective measure for correcting the immune @ @ @ @ @ organism to the bacterial aggression through adequate production of monocytic phagocytes and plasma cells of @ @ @ @ @ influences the completeness of humoral immunity and reduction of T-lymphocyte deficiency in the acute phase @ @ @ @ @ raises the efficacy of complex treatment of toxicoseptic forms of APDR , reduces 1.7-fold the @ @ @ @ @ reduces considerably the mortality rate of this disease in young children .

Analysis of the results of clinicoimmunological study of the use of autotransfusion of blood treated by ultraviolet irradiation (ABUVI) in infants with acute purulent destructive pneumonia (APDP) revealed that imbalance of cellular and humoral immunity factors was the main factor determining the severity of the disease. ABUVI is an effective measure for correcting the immune response of the child's organism to the bacterial aggression through adequate production of monocytic phagocytes and plasma cells of the blood. It also influences the completeness of humoral immunity and reduction of T-lymphocyte deficiency in the acute phase of the disease. ABUVI raises the efficacy of complex treatment of toxicoseptic forms of APDR, reduces 1.7-fold the terms of treatment, and reduces considerably the mortality rate of this disease in young children.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Ultraviolet irradiation of blood in combined treatment of traumatic endophthalmitis

Thirty-five patients ( 35 eyes ) with traumatic endophthalmitis were treated .
Ultraviolet exposure of autoblood was used in 16 @ @ @ @ @ were treated routinely ( antibiotics , etc. )
.
Use of ultraviolet exposure of the @ @ @ @ @ traumatic endophthalmitis more rapidly ( 12.6 vs. 22.1 days ) and effectively ( 93.7 vs. @ @ @ @ @ infection and more often preserved the objective vision ( 31.3 vs. 10.5 % ) .

Thirty-five patients (35 eyes) with traumatic endophthalmitis were treated. Ultraviolet exposure of autoblood was used in 16 patients, the rest 19 were treated routinely (antibiotics, etc.). Use of ultraviolet exposure of the blood in combined therapy of traumatic endophthalmitis more rapidly (12.6 vs. 22.1 days) and effectively (93.7 vs. 68.4%) arrested intraocular infection and more often preserved the objective vision (31.3 vs. 10.5%).


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Treatment of pyelonephritis patients by ultraviolet-irradiated plasma transfusions has shortened the

Transfusions of ultraviolet-irradiated plasma were carried out in 30 pyelonephritis patients .
Subjective sense of improvement , and relief of @ @ @ @ @ .
The administration of ultraviolet-irradiated plasma had a controlling effect on lipid peroxidation and blood @ @ @ @ @ levels , contributed to the normalization of corticosteroid catabolism and stimulated energy metabolism and the @ @ @ @ @ plasma photochemical reaction to ultraviolet irradiation have immunomodulating effects .
Treatment of pyelonephritis patients by @ @ @ @ @ the time of hospital stay .

Transfusions of ultraviolet-irradiated plasma were carried out in 30 pyelonephritis patients. Subjective sense of improvement, and relief of fever and intoxication were noted. The administration of ultraviolet-irradiated plasma had a controlling effect on lipid peroxidation and blood cortisol, aldosterone and insulin levels, contributed to the normalization of corticosteroid catabolism and stimulated energy metabolism and the antioxidant system. Products of plasma photochemical reaction to ultraviolet irradiation have immunomodulating effects. Treatment of pyelonephritis patients by ultraviolet-irradiated plasma transfusions has shortened the time of hospital stay.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Ultraviolet autoblood irradiation is recommended for clinical use as an effective method of detoxica

Ultraviolet autoblood irradiation is recommended for clinical use as an effective method of detoxication and immunocorrection.

The influence of ultraviolet autoblood irradiation ( UV-ABI ) on the treatment of patients with disseminated peritonitis has been studied @ @ @ @ @ 35 patients have been done .
The general blood toxicity , plasma toxicity , sugar @ @ @ @ @ concentrations have decreased after the UVABI .
Positive changes of immune system were detected : @ @ @ @ @ number ( 60 % ) , B-lymphocytes number ( 10 % ) , and M.G.A @ @ @ @ @ the circulating immunocomplexes has decreased by 36.5 % .
The UVABI is recommended for clinical @ @ @ @ @ of detoxication and immunocorrection .

The influence of ultraviolet autoblood irradiation (UV-ABI) on the treatment of patients with disseminated peritonitis has been studied. 109 UVABI procedures in 35 patients have been done. The general blood toxicity, plasma toxicity, sugar, creatinine and urea blood concentrations have decreased after the UVABI. Positive changes of immune system were detected: an increase of the T-lymphocytes number (60%), B-lymphocytes number (10%), and M.G.A immunoglobulins. The number of the circulating immunocomplexes has decreased by 36.5%. The UVABI is recommended for clinical use as an effective method of detoxication and immunocorrection.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Possibilities of using UV-irradiated blood in the prevention of serum hepatitis after blood transfus

Possibilities of using UV-irradiated blood in the prevention of serum hepatitis after blood transfusions during surgery.

It was shown in 31 samples of donor blood containing HBsAg that independent of the irradiation dose HBsAg was not @ @ @ @ @ the photomodified blood when using short wave UV radiation .
Long-wave UV radiation provides disappearance @ @ @ @ @ .
A conclusion is made on expedience of irradiation of the donor blood with ultraviolet @ @ @ @

It was shown in 31 samples of donor blood containing HBsAg that independent of the irradiation dose HBsAg was not detected in 66.7% of the photomodified blood when using short wave UV radiation. Long-wave UV radiation provides disappearance of HBsAg in 50%. A conclusion is made on expedience of irradiation of the donor blood with ultraviolet rays before transfusion.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-27--Effect of ultraviolet irradiation of autologous blood on cell volumes, cell adhesion and phagocytosi

Effect of ultraviolet irradiation of autologous blood on cell volumes, cell adhesion and phagocytosis in normal probands and patients with multiple sclerosis.

UVB induced changes of blood cell properties were investigated in 12 MS patients and in 10 healthy volunteers serving as normal controls .
The mean cell volume ( MCV ) was determined by electronic sizing , the granulocyte and lymphocyte adherence was estimated in a capillary assay , and the phagocytic activity of granulocytes was measured in a test system based on the incorporation of opsonized baker 's yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) .
In MS patients the MCV of red cells and lymphocytes decreased rapidly within 6 UVB treatments .
In contrast , the reduction of the granulocyte volume @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 12th UVB ) .
In the control group the mean value of the red cell and lymphocyte MCV remained rather unaffected .
There was a slight rise of the granulocyte volume after the 6th UVB .
The only significant change of adherence was an increase of granulocyte adherence in MS patients .
Untreated patients had a significantly enhanced phagocytic activity in comparison to the control group .
6 UVB treatments included a significant reduction of the phagocytic activity in MS patients .
However , subsequently the percentage of phagocytizing cells increased again , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to decrease .
In the control group only minor UVB induced changes of phagocytosis were observed .
The in vitro UV irradiation caused an enhanced phagocytosis in the majority of cases in both controls and MS patients .
In general , under the UVB treatment all parameters examined changed in the sense of a normalisation , in that the measured values reached a new level lying between the extreme pretreatment values accompanied by a reduced standard deviation .
The effect of UVB was more pronounced in MS patients when compared with normal controls @ @ @ @ @ @ @ sensitivity to the influence of UVB of pathologically altered cells in MS patients .
The monitoring of the MCV of red cells and lymphocytes as well as the repeated testing of granulocyte phagocytosis are recommended for supportion of therapy planning and follow-up of MS patients .

UVB induced changes of blood cell properties were investigated in 12 MS patients and in 10 healthy volunteers serving as normal controls. The mean cell volume (MCV) was determined by electronic sizing, the granulocyte and lymphocyte adherence was estimated in a capillary assay, and the phagocytic activity of granulocytes was measured in a test system based on the incorporation of opsonized baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In MS patients the MCV of red cells and lymphocytes decreased rapidly within 6 UVB treatments. In contrast, the reduction of the granulocyte volume was delayed (between the 6th and 12th UVB). In the control group the mean value of the red cell and lymphocyte MCV remained rather unaffected. There was a slight rise of the granulocyte volume after the 6th UVB. The only significant change of adherence was an increase of granulocyte adherence in MS patients. Untreated patients had a significantly enhanced phagocytic activity in comparison to the control group. 6 UVB treatments included a significant reduction of the phagocytic activity in MS patients. However, subsequently the percentage of phagocytizing cells increased again, whereas the particle uptake per cell continued to decrease. In the control group only minor UVB induced changes of phagocytosis were observed. The in vitro UV irradiation caused an enhanced phagocytosis in the majority of cases in both controls and MS patients. In general, under the UVB treatment all parameters examined changed in the sense of a normalisation, in that the measured values reached a new level lying between the extreme pretreatment values accompanied by a reduced standard deviation. The effect of UVB was more pronounced in MS patients when compared with normal controls. This could result from an enhanced sensitivity to the influence of UVB of pathologically altered cells in MS patients. The monitoring of the MCV of red cells and lymphocytes as well as the repeated testing of granulocyte phagocytosis are recommended for supportion of therapy planning and follow-up of MS patients.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-26--Effectiveness of chemotherapy in combination with electrophoresis and ultraviolet irradiation of blo

Effectiveness of chemotherapy in combination with electrophoresis and ultraviolet irradiation of blood in newly diagnosed patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis.

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greenmedinfo--2020-04-26--Treatment via autotransfusion of UV-irradiated blood in patients with nonspecific lung diseases.

An analysis of 53 patients with unspecific pulmonary diseases revealed changes of the main immunity values that were more pronounced @ @ @ @ @ .
It was established that autotransfusion of UV-irradiated blood produced a normalizing effect on immunity @ @ @ @ @ this method in the clinical practice of unspecific pulmonary diseases , in particular , of @ @ @ @ @ intolerance of drug therapy .

An analysis of 53 patients with unspecific pulmonary diseases revealed changes of the main immunity values that were more pronounced in the older age groups. It was established that autotransfusion of UV-irradiated blood produced a normalizing effect on immunity values. The authors recommend this method in the clinical practice of unspecific pulmonary diseases, in particular, of the older age groups and intolerance of drug therapy.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-26--Short courses of photon-peloid therapy showed the same effectiveness as routine ones at lower risk o

Short courses of photon-peloid therapy showed the same effectiveness as routine ones at lower risk of side effects and higher cost efficiency.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-26--The ultraviolet irradiation of autologous blood and endolymphatic antibiotic therapy in treating pne

The ultraviolet irradiation of autologous blood and endolymphatic antibiotic therapy in treating pneumonia in patients with craniocerebral trauma.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-28--Anti-inflammatory effect of Curcuma longa and Allium hookeri co-treatment via NF-κB and COX-2 pathwa

Anti-inflammatory effect of Curcuma longa and Allium hookeri co-treatment via NF-κB and COX-2 pathways.

Although inflammation is a host defense mechanism , chronic inflammation mediates several diseases , including cancer , allergy , asthma , and autoimmune diseases , and reportedly , it is associated with a 60 % mortality rate .
There are several reports on the anti-inflammatory effects of Curcuma longa and Allium hookeri .
However , although they can be used as culinary materials and have biological effects , they are not effective anti-inflammatory agents .
In this study , we evaluated the synergic effect of C. longa and A. hookeri in order to confirm the possibility of a new anti-inflammatory @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cytokine analyses , the appropriate ratio of C. longa and A. hookeri was confirmed using an air pouch animal model .
Then , the anti-inflammatory effect of C. longa and A. hookeri co-treatment was evaluated by measuring the immune cell count and cytokines in the exudate and by comparing the morphological changes and cytokines in inflamed skin samples .
Additionally , we evaluated the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway and iNOS levels .
The active constituents detected in C. longa were demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin , and that detected in A. hookeri was methylsulfonylmethane .
An in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ as 3:7 .
In a carrageenan-induced inflammatory model , co-treatment effectively suppressed inflammatory cytokines , including IFN-γ , IL-1β , IL-6 , IL-13 , and IL-17 , and recovered inflammation-related morphological changes in the skin .
The anti-inflammatory effect of the co-treatment was mediated through the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway and iNOS inhibition .
Weconcluded that co-treatment with C. longa and A. hookeri synergistically inhibited inflammation via the NF-κB/COX-2/iNOS pathway .

Although inflammation is a host defense mechanism, chronic inflammation mediates several diseases, including cancer, allergy, asthma, and autoimmune diseases, and reportedly, it is associated with a 60% mortality rate. There are several reports on the anti-inflammatory effects of Curcuma longa and Allium hookeri. However, although they can be used as culinary materials and have biological effects, they are not effective anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we evaluated the synergic effect of C. longa and A. hookeri in order to confirm the possibility of a new anti-inflammatory agent. Based on cell viability and cytokine analyses, the appropriate ratio of C. longa and A. hookeri was confirmed using an air pouch animal model. Then, the anti-inflammatory effect of C. longa and A. hookeri co-treatment was evaluated by measuring the immune cell count and cytokines in the exudate and by comparing the morphological changes and cytokines in inflamed skin samples. Additionally, we evaluated the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway and iNOS levels. The active constituents detected in C. longa were demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, and that detected in A. hookeri was methylsulfonylmethane. An in vitro assessment determined the appropriate drug ratio as 3:7. In a carrageenan-induced inflammatory model, co-treatment effectively suppressed inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-17, and recovered inflammation-related morphological changes in the skin. The anti-inflammatory effect of the co-treatment was mediated through the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway and iNOS inhibition. Weconcluded that co-treatment with C. longa and A. hookeri synergistically inhibited inflammation via the NF-κB/COX-2/iNOS pathway.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-28--Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects through regulation of Lactobacillus helveticus abunda

Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects through regulation of Lactobacillus helveticus abundance and GABAA receptor expression.

Background : Ginsenoside Rb1 ( Rb1 ) , one of the most abundant protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides , exerts excellent neuroprotective effects even though it has low intracephalic exposure .
Purpose : The present study aimed to elucidate the apparent contradiction between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Rb1 by studying the mechanisms underlying neuroprotective effects of Rb1 based on regulation of microflora .
Methods : A pseudo germ-free ( PGF ) rat model was established , and neuroprotective effects of Rb1 were compared between conventional and PGF rats .
The relative abundances of common probiotics were quantified to reveal the authentic probiotics @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The expressions of the gamma-aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) receptors , including GABAA receptors ( α2 , β2 , and γ2 ) and GABAB receptors ( 1b and 2 ) , in the normal , ischemia/reperfusion ( I/R ) , and I/R+Rb1 rat hippocampus and striatum were assessed to reveal the neuroprotective mechanism of Rb1 .
Results : The results showed that microbiota plays a key role in neuroprotection of Rb1 .
The relative abundance of ( ) increased 15.26 fold after pretreatment with Rb1 .
I/R surgery induced effects on infarct @ @ @ @ @ @ @ proinflammatory cytokines ( IL-1β , IL-6 , and TNF-α ) were prevented by colonizing the rat gastrointestinal tract with ( 1 × 10CFU ) by gavage 15 d before I/R surgery .
Both Rb1 andupregulated expression of GABA receptors in I/R rats .
Coadministration of a GABAreceptor antagonist significantly attenuated neuroprotective effects of Rb1 and .
Conclusion : In sum , Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects by regulatingand GABA receptors rather than through direct distribution to the target sites .

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the most abundant protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, exerts excellent neuroprotective effects even though it has low intracephalic exposure.
Purpose: The present study aimed to elucidate the apparent contradiction between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Rb1 by studying the mechanisms underlying neuroprotective effects of Rb1 based on regulation of microflora.
Methods: A pseudo germ-free (PGF) rat model was established, and neuroprotective effects of Rb1 were compared between conventional and PGF rats. The relative abundances of common probiotics were quantified to reveal the authentic probiotics that dominate in the neuroprotection of Rb1. The expressions of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, including GABAA receptors (α2, β2, and γ2) and GABAB receptors (1b and 2), in the normal, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and I/R+Rb1 rat hippocampus and striatum were assessed to reveal the neuroprotective mechanism of Rb1.
Results: The results showed that microbiota plays a key role in neuroprotection of Rb1. The relative abundance of() increased 15.26 fold after pretreatment with Rb1. I/R surgery induced effects on infarct size, neurological deficit score, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were prevented by colonizing the rat gastrointestinal tract with(1 × 10CFU) by gavage 15 d before I/R surgery. Both Rb1 andupregulated expression of GABA receptors in I/R rats. Coadministration of a GABAreceptor antagonist significantly attenuated neuroprotective effects of Rb1 and.
Conclusion: In sum, Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects by regulatingand GABA receptors rather than through direct distribution to the target sites.