greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--This meta-analysis demonstrated that cashew nut consumption might reduce systolic blood pressure.

BACKGROUND : Dyslipidemia and hypertension are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .
Some studies have suggested that the consumption of nuts may reduce CVD risk .
OBJECTIVE : The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the efficacy of cashew nut consumption on lipid profile and blood pressure .
METHODS : PubMed , Embase , Scopus , Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify randomized control trials ( RCTs ) examining the effects of cashew nut intake on serum triglycerides ( TG ) , high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( HDL-C ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , serum total cholesterol ( TC ) , systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) or diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) until 15 November 2019 .
A random-effects model was used to pool weighted mean difference ( WMD ) and 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) .
Potential publication bias was assessed using Egger 's test .
Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of each individual study on the pooled results .
RESULTS : A meta-analysis on 392 participants showed that cashew nut consumption had no significant effects on lipid @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was a significant reduction in SBP ( WMD = -3.39 , 95 % CI = [ -6.13 , -0.65 ] , P = 0.01 , I= 0.0 % ) in the group receiving cashew nut compared to the controls .
There was no significant publication bias in the meta-analysis .
A sensitivity analysis showed that omitting each study did not change the significance of results .
CONCLUSION : This meta-analysis demonstrated that cashew nut consumption might reduce SBP but has no effects on lipid profile and DBP .

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia and hypertension are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some studies have suggested that the consumption of nuts may reduce CVD risk.
OBJECTIVE: The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the efficacy of cashew nut consumption on lipid profile and blood pressure.
METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify randomized control trials (RCTs) examining the effects of cashew nut intake on serum triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), serum total cholesterol (TC), systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) until 15 November 2019. A random-effects model was used to pool weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Potential publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of each individual study on the pooled results.
RESULTS: A meta-analysis on 392 participants showed that cashew nut consumption had no significant effects on lipid profile and DBP. However, there was a significant reduction in SBP (WMD = -3.39, 95 % CI = [-6.13, -0.65], P = 0.01, I= 0.0 %) in the group receiving cashew nut compared to the controls. There was no significant publication bias in the meta-analysis. A sensitivity analysis showed that omitting each study did not change the significance of results.
CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrated that cashew nut consumption might reduce SBP but has no effects on lipid profile and DBP.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Legume and nuts consumption in relation to odds of breast cancer.

Previous studies on the association between legume and nuts intake and risk of breast cancer have mainly been focused on individual components of legume or nuts , rather than consumption of the whole food group .
This study aimed to investigate the relation between legume and nuts intake in relation to breast cancer in Iranian women .
In this population-based case-control study , we enrolled 350 pathologically confirmed new cases of breast cancer and 700 controls which were matched with cases in terms of age and socioeconomic status .
Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated block-format 168-item semi-quantitative food @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by summing up the consumption of lentils , peas , chickpeas , and different kinds of beans , including red beans and pinto beans .
To calculate nuts consumption , we summed up intake of mixed nuts , almond , peanut , walnut and hazelnut .
Data on potential confounding variables were also collected using pre-tested questionnaires .
Mean consumption of legume and nuts among cases and controls were 14.7 ± 15.0 and 2.3 ± 5.6 , respectively .
A significant inverse association was found between legume intake and breast cancer ( OR @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0.30-0.57 ) ; such that after adjusting for confounders , participants in the top tertile of legume intake had 46 % lower odds of breast cancer compared with those in the bottom tertile ( OR : 0.54 , 95 % CI : 0.36-0.88 ) .
Such inverse association was seen among postmenopausal women ( OR : 0.51 , 95 % CI : 0.31-0.85 ) and also among normal-weight participants ( OR : 0.49 , 95 % CI : 0.29-0.82 ) .
In terms of nuts intake , it was inversely associated with odds @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 95 % CI : 0.11-0.23 ) .
This association remained significant even after taking potential confounders into account ( OR : 0.15 , 95 % CI : 0.09-0.26 ) .
The same association was also seen in premenopausal women ( OR : 0.21 , 95 % CI : 0.14-0.31 ) , postmenopausal women ( OR : 0.23 , 95 % CI : 0.13-0.42 ) , normal-weight ( OR : 0.15 , 95 % CI : 0.08-0.28 ) , and overweight or obese people ( OR : 0.27 , 95 % CI : 0.10-0.71 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ association of legume and nuts intake with odds of breast cancer support the current recommendations on these foods .
Prospective studies are needed to further examine this link .

Previous studies on the association between legume and nuts intake and risk of breast cancer have mainly been focused on individual components of legume or nuts, rather than consumption of the whole food group. This study aimed to investigate the relation between legume and nuts intake in relation to breast cancer in Iranian women. In this population-based case-control study, we enrolled 350 pathologically confirmed new cases of breast cancer and 700 controls which were matched with cases in terms of age and socioeconomic status. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated block-format 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Legume intake was computed by summing up the consumption of lentils, peas, chickpeas, and different kinds of beans, including red beans and pinto beans. To calculate nuts consumption, we summed up intake of mixed nuts, almond, peanut, walnut and hazelnut. Data on potential confounding variables were also collected using pre-tested questionnaires. Mean consumption of legume and nuts among cases and controls were 14.7 ± 15.0 and 2.3 ± 5.6, respectively. A significant inverse association was found between legume intake and breast cancer (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30-0.57); such that after adjusting for confounders, participants in the top tertile of legume intake had 46% lower odds of breast cancer compared with those in the bottom tertile (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.88). Such inverse association was seen among postmenopausal women (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.85) and also among normal-weight participants (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29-0.82). In terms of nuts intake, it was inversely associated with odds of breastcancer (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.11-0.23). This association remained significant even after taking potential confounders into account (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.09-0.26). The same association was also seen in premenopausal women (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.14-0.31), postmenopausal women (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.13-0.42),normal-weight (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08-0.28), and overweight or obese people (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10-0.71). Our findings on the inverse association of legume and nuts intake with odds of breast cancer support the current recommendations on these foods. Prospective studies are needed to further examine this link.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Nut consumption is inversely associated with the risks of cancer incidence and mortality.

Previous studies have indicated a correlation between nut intake and cancer risk in humans .
This meta-analysis aimed to determine the relationship between nut consumption and the risks of cancer incidence and mortality .
The PubMed , Embase , and Web of Science databases were searched up to August 2019 .
Relative risks and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects and fixed-effects models .
We included 38 studies on nut consumption and cancer risk and 9 studies on cancer-specific mortality .
Compared with no nut intake , nut intake was associated with a lower cancer risk ( Relative @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0.86-0.94 ) .
Inverse associations were observed with colorectal cancer , gastric cancer , pancreatic cancer , and lung cancer in subgroup analyses .
Tree nut consumption was found to reduce cancer risk ( Relative Risk=0.88 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.79-0.99 ) .
Dose-response curves suggested that protective benefits against cancer increased with increased nut intake ( P=0.005 , P-nonlinearity=0.0414 ) .
An inverse correlation with cancer-specific mortality ( Odd Ratio=0.90 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.88-0.92 ) was observed .
In conclusion , nut consumption is inversely associated with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ; a higher intake is significantly associated with a lower cancer risk .

Previous studies have indicated a correlation between nut intake and cancer risk in humans. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the relationship between nut consumption and the risks of cancer incidence and mortality. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched up to August 2019. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects and fixed-effects models. We included 38 studies on nut consumption and cancer risk and 9 studies on cancer-specific mortality. Compared with no nut intake, nut intake was associated with a lower cancer risk (Relative Risk=0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.94). Inverse associations were observed with colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer in subgroup analyses. Tree nut consumption was found to reduce cancer risk (Relative Risk=0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.99). Dose-response curves suggested that protective benefits against cancer increased with increased nut intake (P=0.005, P-nonlinearity=0.0414). An inverse correlation with cancer-specific mortality (Odd Ratio=0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-0.92) was observed. In conclusion, nut consumption is inversely associated with the risks of cancer incidence and mortality; a higher intake is significantly associated with a lower cancer risk.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Lactobacillus plantarum KFY04 prevents obesity.

In this study , lactic acid bacterium , Lactobacillus plantarum KFY04 , was isolated from Xinjiang yogurt , and it was used to intervene in obese mice maintained on a 45 % fat diet , and we compared its effects to those of a commercial strain , LDSB , and l-carnitine .
The results showed that the LP-KFY04 intervention mice gained weight more slowly and had lower liver , epididymal adipose , and perirenal adipose tissue indices when compared to the other high-fat groups .
Moreover , the LP-KFY04 can reduce the formation of fat vacuoles in the liver , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , and LP-KFY04 groups had the lowest liver and serum AST , ALT , TG , and TC levels and lowest serum LDL-C and highest HDL-C levels among the groups maintained on a high-fat diet .
LP-KFY04 was also shown to mitigate obesity-associated oxidative damage and inflammatory responses .
Additionally , quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis examining liver and adipose tissue expression of PPAR-α , CYP7A1 , CPT1 , and LPL showed an increased expression in the LP-KFY04 groups while decreased expression levels of PPAR-γ and C/EBPα relative to the other @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that of the different interventions , LP-KFY04 was the most effective at mitigating the effects of obesity than LDSB and l-carnitine .
The results confirmed that LP-KEY04 has better anti-obesity , anti-oxidative , and anti-inflammatory effects than current fermentation strains .
It indicates LP-KFY04 is a fermentation strain with potential practical value and high functionality , and it shows that a fermentation strain should not only have good fermentation performance , but , more importantly , it must provide more functionality on the basis of fermentation .

In this study, lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum KFY04, was isolated from Xinjiang yogurt, and it was used to intervene in obese mice maintained on a 45% fat diet, and we compared its effects to those of a commercial strain, LDSB, and l-carnitine. The results showed that the LP-KFY04 intervention mice gained weight more slowly and had lower liver, epididymal adipose, and perirenal adipose tissue indices when compared to the other high-fat groups. Moreover, the LP-KFY04 can reduce the formation of fat vacuoles in the liver, while also reducing adipocyte differentiation and volume, and LP-KFY04 groups had the lowest liver and serum AST, ALT, TG, and TC levels and lowest serum LDL-C and highest HDL-C levels among the groups maintained on a high-fat diet. LP-KFY04 was also shown to mitigate obesity-associated oxidative damage and inflammatory responses. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis examining liver and adipose tissue expression of PPAR-α, CYP7A1, CPT1, and LPL showed an increased expression in the LP-KFY04 groups while decreased expression levels of PPAR-γ and C/EBPα relative to the other high-fat diet groups. These results show that of the different interventions, LP-KFY04 was the most effective at mitigating the effects of obesity than LDSB and l-carnitine. The results confirmed that LP-KEY04 has better anti-obesity, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects than current fermentation strains. It indicates LP-KFY04 is a fermentation strain with potential practical value and high functionality, and it shows that a fermentation strain should not only have good fermentation performance, but, more importantly, it must provide more functionality on the basis of fermentation.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Mango polyphenols reduce IL-8, GRO, and GM-SCF plasma levels and increase lactobacillus species in p

Mango polyphenols reduce IL-8, GRO, and GM-SCF plasma levels and increase lactobacillus species in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and intestinal microbial dysbiosis present a major risk factor in the development of colorectal cancer .
Previously , dietary polyphenols from mango ( Mangifera indica L. ) such as gallotannins and gallic acid have been shown to mitigate intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis , as well as modulate intestinal microbial composition .
To further translate findings from preclinical models , we hypothesized that mango polyphenols possess anti-inflammatory and microbiome-modulatory activities and may improve symptoms of IBD , reduce biomarkers for inflammation and modulate the intestinal microbiome when administered as an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in patients with mild to moderate IBD .
In this study , ten participants received a daily dose of 200-400 g of mango pulp for 8 weeks ( NCT02227602 ) .
Mango intake significantly improved the primary outcome Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index ( SCCAI ) score and decreased the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-8 ( IL-8 ) , growth-regulated oncogene ( GRO ) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) by 16.2 % ( P = .0475 ) , 25.0 % ( P = .0375 ) and 28.6 % @ @ @ @ @ @ @ factors related to neutrophil-induced inflammation , respectively .
Mango intake beneficially altered fecal microbial composition by significantly increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus spp.
, Lactobacillus plantarum , Lactobacillusreuteri and Lactobacillus lactis , which was accompanied by increased fecal butyric acid production .
Therefore , enriching diet with mango fruits or potentially other gallotannin-rich foods seems to be a promising adjuvant therapy combined with conventional medications in the management of IBD via reducing biomarkers of inflammation and modulating the intestinal microbiota .

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and intestinal microbial dysbiosis present a major risk factor in the development of colorectal cancer. Previously, dietary polyphenols from mango (Mangifera indica L.) such as gallotannins and gallic acid have been shown to mitigate intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis, as well as modulate intestinal microbial composition. To further translate findings from preclinical models, we hypothesized that mango polyphenols possess anti-inflammatory and microbiome-modulatory activities and may improve symptoms of IBD, reduce biomarkers for inflammation and modulate the intestinal microbiome when administered as an adjuvant treatment in combination with conventional medications in patients with mild to moderate IBD. In this study, ten participants received a daily dose of 200-400 g of mango pulp for 8 weeks (NCT02227602). Mango intake significantly improved the primary outcome Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) score and decreased the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-8 (IL-8), growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by 16.2% (P = .0475), 25.0% (P = .0375) and 28.6% (P = .0485), all factors related to neutrophil-induced inflammation, respectively. Mango intake beneficially altered fecal microbial composition by significantly increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus spp., Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillusreuteri and Lactobacillus lactis, which was accompanied by increased fecal butyric acid production. Therefore, enriching diet with mango fruits or potentially other gallotannin-rich foods seems to be a promising adjuvant therapy combined with conventional medications in the management of IBD via reducing biomarkers of inflammation and modulating the intestinal microbiota.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--MRSA strains were sensitive to mango kernel extracts when compared to vancomycin.

Methicillin-resistant ( MRSA ) is known for serious health problems .
Testing new inexpensive natural products such as mango kernel ( L. , Anacardiaceae ) may provide alternative and economically viable anti-MRSA drugs .
In the current study , we screened clinical isolates from Aseer Central Hospital , Saudi Arabia , during 2012-2017 for MRSA and tested an ethanolic extract of mango kernel for anti-MRSA activity .
Brief confirmation of MRSA was performed by the Vitek 2 system , while antibiotic sensitivity of strains was tested for their clinical relevance .
Thedisc diffusion method was used to test the anti-MRSA @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The antimicrobial activity of mango kernel was compared to that of standard drugs ( oxacillin and vancomycin ) .
Of the identified 132strains , 42 ( 31.8 % ) were found to be MRSA and their prevalence showed a clear increase during the last two years ( 2016-2017 ; < 0.001 ) .
MRSA strains showed 100 % sensitivity to vancomycin , teicoplanin , linezolid , tetracycline , daptomycin , tigecycline , and tobramycin and 100 % resistance to ampicillin and 98 % to penicillin .
The ethanolic extracts of mango kernel @ @ @ @ @ @ @ strains .
Inhibitory activities ( mean ± SE ) were achieved at concentrations of 50 mg/mL ( 20.77 ± 0.61 ) , 5 mg/mL ( 16.18 ± 0.34 ) , and 0.5 mg/mL ( 8.39 ± 0.33 ) exceeding that of vancomycin ( =0.0162 ) .
MRSA strains were sensitive to mango kernel extracts when compared to vancomycin .
Therefore , ethanolic extracts of mango kernel can be escalated to animal model studies as a promising leading anti-MRSA drug candidate and can be an economic alternative to high-priced synthetic antibiotics .

Methicillin-resistant(MRSA) is known for serious health problems. Testing new inexpensive natural products such as mango kernel (L., Anacardiaceae) may provide alternative and economically viable anti-MRSA drugs. In the current study, we screened clinical isolates from Aseer Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia, during 2012-2017 for MRSA and tested an ethanolic extract of mango kernel for anti-MRSA activity. Brief confirmation of MRSA was performed by the Vitek 2 system, while antibiotic sensitivity of strains was tested for their clinical relevance. Thedisc diffusion method was used to test the anti-MRSA activity of the ethanolic mango kernel extract. The antimicrobial activity of mango kernel was compared to that of standard drugs (oxacillin and vancomycin). Of the identified 132strains, 42 (31.8%) were found to be MRSA and their prevalence showed a clear increase during the last two years (2016-2017;<0.001). MRSA strains showed 100% sensitivity to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, tetracycline, daptomycin, tigecycline, and tobramycin and 100% resistance to ampicillin and 98% to penicillin. The ethanolic extracts of mango kernel were found active against bothand the MRSA strains. Inhibitory activities (mean ± SE) were achieved at concentrations of 50 mg/mL (20.77 ± 0.61), 5 mg/mL (16.18 ± 0.34), and 0.5 mg/mL (8.39 ± 0.33) exceeding that of vancomycin (=0.0162). MRSA strains were sensitive to mango kernel extracts when compared to vancomycin. Therefore, ethanolic extracts of mango kernel can be escalated to animal model studies as a promising leading anti-MRSA drug candidate and can be an economic alternative to high-priced synthetic antibiotics.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--A review of the ethnopharmacological applications of mango.

BACKGROUND : Mango peel is a major by-product of mango ( Mangiferaindica L. ) fruit belongs to Anacardiaceae family .
It is a tropical or subtropical fruit and hasa potent source of polyphenoliccontents .
In traditional medicines , mango peel extract is commonly used , either singly or in combination with other plant extracts against different ailments since ancient times .
METHODS : Electronic database search for accepted articles in Pubmed , Google Scholar , Researchgate , Google , Scopus and Science Direct were used to review the scientific inputs by searching appropriate keywords .
Some information was obtained from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in variousperiod .
RESULTS : Numerous reports revealed that mango peel contains a wide spectrum of phytochemicalcompounds like polyphenolics and flavonoids .
Amango peel is a potential source of antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , antidiabetic , antibacterial and antiproliferative properties .
This review suggests thatmango peel could be a potential drug to treat various clinical conditions in future .
CONCLUSION : In this review , the spectrum of phytochemicals has been summarized for their pharmacological properties and the mechanisms of action , and the possible potential therapeutic applications of mango peel against various diseases @ @

BACKGROUND: Mango peel is a major by-product of mango (Mangiferaindica L.) fruit belongs to Anacardiaceae family. It is a tropical or subtropical fruit and hasa potent source of polyphenoliccontents. In traditional medicines, mango peel extract is commonly used, either singly or in combination with other plant extracts against different ailments since ancient times.
METHODS: Electronic database search for accepted articles in Pubmed, Google Scholar, Researchgate, Google, Scopus and Science Direct were used to review the scientific inputs by searching appropriate keywords. Some information was obtained from books and database on medicinal plants used in variousperiod.
RESULTS: Numerous reports revealed that mango peel contains a wide spectrum of phytochemicalcompounds like polyphenolics and flavonoids. Amango peel is a potential source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial and antiproliferative properties. This review suggests thatmango peel could be a potential drug to treat various clinical conditions in future.
CONCLUSION: In this review, the spectrum of phytochemicals has been summarized for their pharmacological properties and the mechanisms of action, and the possible potential therapeutic applications of mango peel against various diseases discussed.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Mangiferin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress in acute liver injury.

: This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of mangiferin on regulating ER stress in acute liver injury .
The mouse model of acute liver injury was established by injection of LPS/D-GalN .
The primary mouse hepatocytes were stimulated with LPS to induce the in vitro model .
The effect of miR-142-5p/212-5p on the luciferase activity of c-Myc 3'-UTR was assessed by luciferase reporter assay .
ts : Mangiferin improved the liver function , inhibited the oxidative stress and ER stress , and down-regulated the expressions of miR-20a and miR-101a in LPS/D-GalN-induced mice and LPS-induced hepatocytes .
The knockdown of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of LPS-induced hepatocytes .
miR-20a and miR-101a both targeted Nrf2 and the over-expression of miR-20a or miR-101a decreased Nrf2 protein level , while their silences increased Nrf2 protein level .
The silence of miR-20a and miR-101a promoted Nrf2 expression and inhibited the ER stress in LPS-induced hepatocytes , while the knockdown of Nrf2 reversed these effects .
The over-expression of miR-20a and miR-101a eliminated the effects of mangiferin on Nrf2 protein level and ER stress in LPS-induced hepatocytes , and Nrf2 overexpression altered these trends .
CONCLUSION : Our findings suggest that mangiferin @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by regulating the miR-20a/miR-101a-Nrf2 axis .

: This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of mangiferin on regulating ER stress in acute liver injury. The mouse model of acute liver injury was established by injection of LPS/D-GalN. The primary mouse hepatocytes were stimulated with LPS to induce the in vitro model. The effect of miR-142-5p/212-5p on the luciferase activity of c-Myc 3'-UTR was assessed by luciferase reporter assay. ts: Mangiferin improved the liver function, inhibited the oxidative stress and ER stress, and down-regulated the expressions of miR-20a and miR-101a in LPS/D-GalN-induced mice and LPS-induced hepatocytes. The knockdown of miR-20a and miR-101a cooperatively alleviated ER stress of LPS-induced hepatocytes. miR-20a and miR-101a both targeted Nrf2 and the over-expression of miR-20a or miR-101a decreased Nrf2 protein level, while their silences increased Nrf2 protein level. The silence of miR-20a and miR-101a promoted Nrf2 expression and inhibited the ER stress in LPS-induced hepatocytes, while the knockdown of Nrf2 reversed these effects. The over-expression of miR-20a and miR-101a eliminated the effects of mangiferin on Nrf2 protein level and ER stress in LPS-induced hepatocytes, and Nrf2 overexpression altered these trends.
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that mangiferin alleviates ER stress in acute liver injury by regulating the miR-20a/miR-101a-Nrf2 axis.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Positive interaction of mangiferin with selected oral hypoglycemic drugs.

Diabetic nephropathy ( DN ) is one of the notorious diabetes associated complications .
Despite many therapeutic strategies available , metabolic control of DN continues to poses a challenge .
In this study , the interactions of mangiferin with selected oral hypoglycemic drugs , metformin and gliclazide to effectively alleviate the symptoms of renal injury in DN are evaluated .
Male Sprague Dawley rats were used as experimental model and type II diabetes was induced by administration of high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin .
Oral intervention of mangiferin with metformin and gliclazide for a period of 28 days @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the end of the treatment period , biochemical parameters , kidney function markers , anti-oxidant enzymes levels , oxidative stress mediated gene expression and histology were analysed .
Significant reduction in the serum biochemical markers ( glucose , urea and creatinine ) were observed in the groups treated with combination drugs .
Marked improvement in the combination treated groups in terms of inflammation and oxidative damage in the gene ( TNFα , NFκB , TGFβ , VEGF , PKC ) and protein expression ( NFκB , VEGF ) were noted in the kidney @ @ @ @ @ @ @ These results were further corroborated with histopathological results .
Scientific data in the present study reveals that the combinations of mangiferin with the oral hypoglycemic drugs have been favorable in alleviating renal injury .
Hence , a combination therapy to alleviate the vascularcomplication , diabetic nephropathy may be considered as a possible therapeutic strategy by including natural phytocompounds as an add on therapy to conventional oral hypoglycemic drugs .

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the notorious diabetes associated complications. Despite many therapeutic strategies available, metabolic control of DN continues to poses a challenge. In this study, the interactions of mangiferin with selected oral hypoglycemic drugs, metformin and gliclazide to effectively alleviate the symptoms of renal injury in DN are evaluated. Male Sprague Dawley rats were used as experimental model and type II diabetes was induced by administration of high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin. Oral intervention of mangiferin with metformin and gliclazide for a period of 28 days was given to diabetic rats. At the end of the treatment period, biochemical parameters, kidney function markers, anti-oxidant enzymes levels, oxidative stress mediated gene expression and histology were analysed. Significant reduction in the serum biochemical markers (glucose, urea and creatinine) were observed in the groups treated with combination drugs. Marked improvement in the combination treated groups in terms of inflammation and oxidative damage in the gene (TNFα, NFκB, TGFβ, VEGF, PKC) and protein expression (NFκB, VEGF) were noted in the kidney tissue alleviating the symptoms of DN. These results were further corroborated with histopathological results. Scientific data in the present study reveals that the combinations of mangiferin with the oral hypoglycemic drugs have been favorable in alleviating renal injury. Hence, a combination therapy to alleviate the vascularcomplication, diabetic nephropathy may be considered as a possible therapeutic strategy by including natural phytocompounds as an add on therapy to conventional oral hypoglycemic drugs.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive and critical evaluation of cancer preventiv

The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive and critical evaluation of cancer preventive and anticancer therapeutic potential of M. indica.

L. ( mango ) , a long-living evergreen plant belonging to the Anacardiaceae family , has been cultivated for thousands of years in the Indian subcontinent for its excellent fruits which represent a rich source of fiber , vitamin A and C , essential amino acids , and a plethora of phytochemicals.is extensively used in various traditional systems of medicine to prevent and treat several diseases .
The health-promoting and disease-preventing effects ofare attributed to a number of bioactive phytochemicals , including polyphenols , terpenoids , carotenoid and phytosterols , found in the leaf , bark , edible flesh , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ exhibit various biological and pharmacological activities , such as antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , immunomodulatory , antimicrobial , antidiabetic , antiobesity , and anticancer effects .
There are a few studies conducted that have indicated the nontoxic nature of mango constituents .
However , while there are numerous individual studies investigating anticancer effects of various constituents from the mango tree , an up-to-date , comprehensive and critical review of available research data has not been performed according to our knowledge .
The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive and critical evaluation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ofand its phytochemicals with special focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action .
The bioavailability , pharmacokinetics , and safety profile of individual phytocomponents ofas well as current limitations , challenges , and future directions of research have also been discussed .

L. (mango), a long-living evergreen plant belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, has been cultivated for thousands of years in the Indian subcontinent for its excellent fruits which represent a rich source of fiber, vitamin A and C, essential amino acids, and a plethora of phytochemicals.is extensively used in various traditional systems of medicine to prevent and treat several diseases. The health-promoting and disease-preventing effects ofare attributed to a number of bioactive phytochemicals, including polyphenols, terpenoids, carotenoid and phytosterols, found in the leaf, bark, edible flesh, peel, and seed.has been shown to exhibit various biological and pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and anticancer effects. There are a few studies conducted that have indicated the nontoxic nature of mango constituents. However, while there are numerous individual studies investigating anticancer effects of various constituents from the mango tree, an up-to-date, comprehensive and critical review of available research data has not been performed according to our knowledge. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive and critical evaluation of cancer preventive and anticancer therapeutic potential ofand its phytochemicals with special focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. The bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and safety profile of individual phytocomponents ofas well as current limitations, challenges, and future directions of research have also been discussed.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Mangifera Indica can act promising source for anti-cancer treatment candidate.

Natural products isolated from plant sources are well known for their pharmacological potential in diversity of disease treatments such as inflammatory or cancer conditions .
Mango ( L. ) andare thought to be rich of functional phytochemicals .
To clarify the anticancer activity , aqueous extracts ofnut and fruit were exanimated on chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) B lymphocytes and their mitochondria and the results were compared with those of normal B lymphocytes .
Cellular parameters such as viability and caspase 3 activity , and mitochondrial parameters such as reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , mitochondria membrane potential @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and cytochrome c release were evaluated .
Our results demonstrated that the extract of L increased cytotoxicity and caspase 3 activation through mitochondria pathway only in CLL B lymphocytes and also the extract ofdid not show cytotoxicity and caspase 3 activation on CLL and healthy B lymphocytes .
Ourfindings on isolated mitochondria indicated that mitochondrial ROS formation , MMP collapse , and mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release were significantly ( < 0.05 ) increased after addition of only in cancerous mitochondria .
These results demonstrated that can act as a promising source @ @ @ @ @ @ @ selectively targeting mitochondria and inducing selective mitochondria mediated apoptosis on CLL B lymphocytes .

Natural products isolated from plant sources are well known for their pharmacological potential in diversity of disease treatments such as inflammatory or cancer conditions. Mango ( L.) andare thought to be rich of functional phytochemicals. To clarify the anticancer activity, aqueous extracts ofnut and fruit were exanimated on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B lymphocytes and their mitochondria and the results were compared with those of normal B lymphocytes. Cellular parameters such as viability and caspase 3 activity, and mitochondrial parameters such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that the extract of L increased cytotoxicity and caspase 3 activation through mitochondria pathway only in CLL B lymphocytes and also the extract ofdid not show cytotoxicity and caspase 3 activation on CLL and healthy B lymphocytes. Ourfindings on isolated mitochondria indicated that mitochondrial ROS formation, MMP collapse, and mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release were significantly (<0.05) increased after addition of only in cancerous mitochondria. These results demonstrated that can act as a promising source for anti-cancer drug candidates by directly and selectively targeting mitochondria and inducing selective mitochondria mediated apoptosis on CLL B lymphocytes.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Juglanin alleviates bleomycin-induced lung injury.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF ) , characterized by excessive collagen deposition , is a progressive and typically fatal lung disease without effective therapeutic strategies .
Juglanin , as a natural product mainly isolated from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshuric , has various bioactivities , including anti-oxidative , anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects .
Stimulator of interferon genes ( Sting ) is a signaling molecule and plays an essential role in meditating fibrosis .
However , the effects of Jug and Sting on pulmonary fibrosis are not fully understood .
In this study , we investigated the role of Jug @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and fibrosis mouse model , as well as the underlying molecular mechanism .
The results here indicated that Jug-treated mice exhibited a definitively improved survival rate than that of the BLM-challenged mice .
Jug administration significantly alleviated neutrophil alveolar infiltration , lung vascular permeability and pro-inflammatory response in BLM mice .
Subsequently , the pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM was markedly attenuated by Jug through reducing the expression of fibrotic hallmarks , including transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) , fibronectin , matrix metallo-proteinase-9 ( MMP-9 ) , α-smooth muscle actin ( α-SMA @ @ @ @ @ @ @ we found that BLM mice showed higher expression levels of Sting in lung tissues , which were notably restrained by Jug treatment .
The role of Jug in suppressing Sting was confirmed in TGF-β-incubated cells .
Notably , the in vitro analysis further showed that Sting knockdown could ameliorate TGF-β-triggered collagen accumulation .
In contrast , TGF-β-induced fibrosis was accelerated by Sting over-expression .
Therefore , BLM may induce lung fibrosis through activating Stingsignaling , and Jug could be used therapeutically to improve tissue repair and attenuate the intractable disease .

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), characterized by excessive collagen deposition, is a progressive and typically fatal lung disease without effective therapeutic strategies. Juglanin, as a natural product mainly isolated from green walnut husks of Juglans mandshuric, has various bioactivities, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Stimulator of interferon genes (Sting) is a signaling molecule and plays an essential role in meditating fibrosis. However, the effects of Jug and Sting on pulmonary fibrosis are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of Jug in bleomycin (BLM)-induced inflammation and fibrosis mouse model, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. The results here indicated that Jug-treated mice exhibited a definitively improved survival rate than that of the BLM-challenged mice. Jug administration significantly alleviated neutrophil alveolar infiltration, lung vascular permeability and pro-inflammatory response in BLM mice. Subsequently, the pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM was markedly attenuated by Jug through reducing the expression of fibrotic hallmarks, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin, matrix metallo-proteinase-9 (MMP-9), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I. Importantly, we found that BLM mice showed higher expression levels of Sting in lung tissues, which were notably restrained by Jug treatment. The role of Jug in suppressing Sting was confirmed in TGF-β-incubated cells. Notably, the in vitro analysis further showed that Sting knockdown could ameliorate TGF-β-triggered collagen accumulation. In contrast, TGF-β-induced fibrosis was accelerated by Sting over-expression. Therefore, BLM may induce lung fibrosis through activating Stingsignaling, and Jug could be used therapeutically to improve tissue repair and attenuate the intractable disease.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--The gastroprotective effect of small molecule oligopeptides isolated from walnut against ethanol-ind

The gastroprotective effect of small molecule oligopeptides isolated from walnut against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury.

The study investigated the protective effect of walnut oligopeptides ( WOPs ) against ethanol-induced gastric injury using Sprague-Dawley ( SD ) rats .
Rats were randomly divided into seven groups based on body weight ( 10/group ) , normal group , ethanol group , whey protein group ( 220 mg/kg body weight ) , omeprazole group ( 20 mg/kg body weight ) , and three WOPs groups ( 220 , 440 , 880 mg/kg body weight ) .
After 30 days of treatment with WOPs , rats were given 5 ml/kg absolute ethanol by gavage to induce gastric mucosal injury @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were determined and the following measured ; gastric content pH , gastric mucin , endogenous pepsinogens ( PG ) , prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ) , inflammatory cytokines , oxidative stress indicators , and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins were measured to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of WOPs .
The results showed that the administration with WOPs markedly mitigated the hemorrhagic gastric lesions caused by ethanol in rats , and decreased the GUI , the gastric content pH , PG1 , PG2 , and NO levels , enhanced mucin and PGE2 .
Also @ @ @ @ @ @ @ reduction of TNF-α , IL-6 , IL-1β and increase IL-10 levels , and revealed antioxidant properties with the enhancement of superoxide dismutase , glutathione , and catalase activity , while reduction of malondialdehyde .
Moreover , WOPs treatment significantly down-regulated Bax , caspase-3 and nuclear factor-κB p65 ( NF-κB p65 ) expression , while up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and inhibitor kappa Bα ( IκBα ) protein .
These results indicated that WOPs have protective effects against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats through anti-inflammatory , anti-oxidation , and anti-apoptosis mechanisms .

The study investigated the protective effect of walnut oligopeptides (WOPs) against ethanol-induced gastric injury using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups based on body weight (10/group), normal group, ethanol group, whey protein group (220 mg/kg body weight), omeprazole group (20 mg/kg body weight), and three WOPs groups (220, 440, 880 mg/kg body weight). After 30 days of treatment with WOPs, rats were given 5 ml/kg absolute ethanol by gavage to induce gastric mucosal injury. Gastric ulcer index (GUI) were determined and the following measured; gastric content pH, gastric mucin, endogenous pepsinogens (PG), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress indicators, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins were measured to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of WOPs. The results showed that the administration with WOPs markedly mitigated the hemorrhagic gastric lesions caused by ethanol in rats, and decreased the GUI, the gastric content pH, PG1, PG2, and NO levels, enhanced mucin and PGE2. Also, WOPs repressed gastric inflammation through the reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and increase IL-10 levels, and revealed antioxidant properties with the enhancement of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase activity, while reduction of malondialdehyde. Moreover, WOPs treatment significantly down-regulated Bax, caspase-3 and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) expression, while up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and inhibitor kappa Bα (IκBα) protein. These results indicated that WOPs have protective effects against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis mechanisms.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Dietary supplementation with walnut kernel or walnut septum extract can maintain the liver and brain

Dietary supplementation with walnut kernel or walnut septum extract can maintain the liver and brain health and reduce the risk of age-related diseases.

Antioxidant dietary intervention is considered a potential strategy in delaying age-related dysfunctions .
In this study of 56 days , we assessed the antioxidant effects of walnut kernel ( WK ) and walnut septum extract ( WSE ) in a D-galactose ( D-gal ) -induced aging model and in a naturally aged rat model .
Young Wistar rats , treated with D-gal ( 1200 mg/week ) , and old rats received daily WK or WSE added to the feed .
After 8 weeks , blood , liver , and brain samples were collected and hematological , biochemical , oxidative stress @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were performed .
Moreover , acetylcholinesterase activity was investigated in brain homogenates .
The outcomes demonstrated significant improvement in cellular antioxidant activity and/or decrease of reactive oxygen species , advanced glycation end products , nitric oxide , malondialdehyde , or increase of glutathione after WK or WSE intake in both models .
Additionally , WSE showed hypoglycemic effect , and both WK and WSE lowered acetylcholinesterase activity .
Both diets could protect neurons against the induced senescence and could reverse the pathological conditions in the physiological aged brain .
Thus , dietary supplementation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ liver and brain health and reduce the risk of age-related diseases , as well as delaying the onset of aging processes .

Antioxidant dietary intervention is considered a potential strategy in delaying age-related dysfunctions. In this study of 56 days, we assessed the antioxidant effects of walnut kernel (WK) and walnut septum extract (WSE) in a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging model and in a naturally aged rat model. Young Wistar rats, treated with D-gal (1200 mg/week), and old rats received daily WK or WSE added to the feed. After 8 weeks, blood, liver, and brain samples were collected and hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress biomarkers, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Moreover, acetylcholinesterase activity was investigated in brain homogenates. The outcomes demonstrated significant improvement in cellular antioxidant activity and/or decrease of reactive oxygen species, advanced glycation end products, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, or increase of glutathione after WK or WSE intake in both models. Additionally, WSE showed hypoglycemic effect, and both WK and WSE lowered acetylcholinesterase activity. Both diets could protect neurons against the induced senescence and could reverse the pathological conditions in the physiological aged brain. Thus, dietary supplementation with WK or WSE can maintain the liver and brain health and reduce the risk of age-related diseases, as well as delaying the onset of aging processes.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Effects of Juglans regia leaf extract supplementation on testicular functions in diabetic rats.

Testicular dysfunction is a complication of diabetes mellitus ( DM ) .L .
( JRL ) leaf extract is a source of phenolic compounds that exhibits hypoglycemic and antioxidative properties .
We investigated whether JRL leaf extract could inhibit the adverse effects of DM on oxidative stress , testis histology and testosterone hormone production .
We used four groups of male rats : control group ( non-diabetic ) given saline , diabetic group , diabetic + JRL group that received JRL leaf extract , and JRL group ( nondiabetic ) that received JRL leaf extract only .
To evaluate the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ functions in diabetic animals , we evaluated histopathological and histomorphometric changes ; serum testosterone ; and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , glutathione ( GSH ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and catalase ( CAT ) levels .
Decreased of MDA along with improved antioxidant status in the testis of diabetic rats ; these abnormalities were attenuated by JRL leaf extract .
We detected significantly decreased antioxidant biomarkers ( GSH , SOD , CAT ) and testosterone levels in the diabetic rats ; these levels were normalized after JRL leaf extract administration .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the testis of diabetic rats was detected after JRL leaf extract administration .
Our findings suggest that JRL leaf extract exerts preventive effects against diabetic dysfunction in the testis , which might be due to its antioxidant , anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties .

Testicular dysfunction is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM).L. (JRL) leaf extract is a source of phenolic compounds that exhibits hypoglycemic and antioxidative properties. We investigated whether JRL leaf extract could inhibit the adverse effects of DM on oxidative stress, testis histology and testosterone hormone production. We used four groups of male rats: control group (non-diabetic) given saline, diabetic group, diabetic + JRL group that received JRL leaf extract, and JRL group (nondiabetic) that received JRL leaf extract only. To evaluate the effects of JRL leaf extract on testicular functions in diabetic animals, we evaluated histopathological and histomorphometric changes; serum testosterone; and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels. Decreased of MDA along with improved antioxidant status in the testis of diabetic rats; these abnormalities were attenuated by JRL leaf extract. We detected significantly decreased antioxidant biomarkers (GSH, SOD, CAT) and testosterone levels in the diabetic rats; these levels were normalized after JRL leaf extract administration. The MDA level and improved antioxidant status in the testis of diabetic rats was detected after JRL leaf extract administration. Our findings suggest that JRL leaf extract exerts preventive effects against diabetic dysfunction in the testis, which might be due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Walnut green husk aqueous ethanol extract has a promising potential for wound healing.

Walnut green husk ( WGH ) has been mentioned as a wound-healing agent in traditional Iranian medicine .
Although previous studies indicated that WGH is a good source of pharmaceutical ingredients , they did not assess its wound healing activity ; so the present study set out the scientific validation of the wound healing potential of the Persian walnut .
Total phenolic content , reducing power , DPPH , and nitric oxide scavenging activity of aqueous ethanol extract of WGH was evaluated .
Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of 12 each .
An incision wound @ @ @ @ @ @ @ each rat .
WGH extract ( 20 % w/w ) , WGH burnt residues ( 20 % w/w ) , Eucerin , and Phenytoin ointments were used in each group .
Wound length , contraction percentage , and histopathological evaluations were recorded on days 3 , 7 , 10 , and 14 .
Total phenolic content and ECvalues of reducing power , DPPH and nitric oxide scavenging activity of the WGH extract were 61.34± 0.64 mg/g dry extract , 0.95 ± 0.02 mg/mL , 0.35 ± 0.01 mg/mL , and 0.28 ± 0.01 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ WGH extract showed significantly ( p ≤ 0.05 ) better results for physical and pathological parameters compared to the control group ; overall , WGH extract showed better resultsthan WGH burnt residues .
The present study indicated that the WGH aqueous ethanol extract has a promising potential for wound healing in the animal model and could be a valuable resource for developing new wound-healing medicines for humans .

Walnut green husk (WGH) has been mentioned as a wound-healing agent in traditional Iranian medicine. Although previous studies indicated that WGH is a good source of pharmaceutical ingredients, they did not assess its wound healing activity; so the present study set out the scientific validation of the wound healing potential of the Persian walnut. Total phenolic content, reducing power, DPPH, and nitric oxide scavenging activity of aqueous ethanol extract of WGH was evaluated. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of 12 each. An incision wound was created on the dorsal region of each rat. WGH extract (20% w/w), WGH burnt residues (20% w/w), Eucerin, and Phenytoin ointments were used in each group. Wound length, contraction percentage, and histopathological evaluations were recorded on days 3, 7, 10, and 14. Total phenolic content and ECvalues of reducing power, DPPH and nitric oxide scavenging activity of the WGH extract were 61.34± 0.64 mg/g dry extract, 0.95 ± 0.02 mg/mL, 0.35 ± 0.01 mg/mL, and 0.28 ± 0.01 mg/mL, respectively. Treated animals with WGH extract showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) better results for physical and pathological parameters compared to the control group; overall, WGH extract showed better resultsthan WGH burnt residues. The present study indicated that the WGH aqueous ethanol extract has a promising potential for wound healing in the animal model and could be a valuable resource for developing new wound-healing medicines for humans.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Evaluation of natural and botanical medicines for activity against growing and non-growing forms of

Evaluation of natural and botanical medicines for activity against growing and non-growing forms of B. burgdorferi.

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the US and Europe .
Although the current recommended Lyme antibiotic treatment is effective for the majority of Lyme disease patients , about 10-20 % of patients continue to suffer from persisting symptoms .
There have been various anecdotal reports on the use of herbal extracts for treating patients with persisting symptoms with varying degree of improvements .
However , it is unclear whether the effect of the herb products is due to their direct antimicrobial activity or their effect on host immune system .
In the present study , we @ @ @ @ @ @ @ used botanical medicines and three other natural antimicrobial agents for potential anti-activity .
Among them , 7 natural product extracts at 1 % were found to have good activity against the stationary phaseculture compared to the control antibiotics doxycycline and cefuroxime .
These active botanicals include ( Black walnut ) , ( Japanese knotweed ) , ( Sweet wormwood ) , ( Cat 's claw ) , , and ( Chinese skullcap ) .
In contrast , , Grapefruit seed extract , colloidal silver , monolaurin , and antimicrobial peptide LL37 had little @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) values of , andwere quite high for growing , despite their strong activity against the non-growing stationary phase .
On the other hand , the top two active herbs , and , showed strong activity against both growing ( MIC = 0.03-0.06 % and 0.25-0.5 % , respectively ) and non-growing stationary phase .
In subculture studies , only 1 % extract caused complete eradication , while doxycycline and cefuroxime and other active herbs could not eradicatestationary phase cells as many spirochetes were visible after 21-day @ @ @ @ @ @ @ identify the active constituents of the effective botanicals and evaluate their combinations for more effective eradication ofand .
The implications of these findings for improving treatment of persistent Lyme disease are discussed .

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the US and Europe. Although the current recommended Lyme antibiotic treatment is effective for the majority of Lyme disease patients, about 10-20% of patients continue to suffer from persisting symptoms. There have been various anecdotal reports on the use of herbal extracts for treating patients with persisting symptoms with varying degree of improvements. However, it is unclear whether the effect of the herb products is due to their direct antimicrobial activity or their effect on host immune system. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of 12 commonly used botanical medicines and three other natural antimicrobial agents for potential anti-activity. Among them, 7 natural product extracts at 1% were found to have good activity against the stationary phaseculture compared to the control antibiotics doxycycline and cefuroxime. These active botanicals include(Black walnut),(Japanese knotweed),(Sweet wormwood),(Cat's claw),, and(Chinese skullcap). In contrast,, Grapefruit seed extract, colloidal silver, monolaurin, and antimicrobial peptide LL37 had little or no activity against stationary phase. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of, andwere quite high for growing, despite their strong activity against the non-growing stationary phase. On the other hand, the top two active herbs,and, showed strong activity against both growing(MIC = 0.03-0.06% and 0.25-0.5%, respectively) and non-growing stationary phase. In subculture studies, only 1%extract caused complete eradication, while doxycycline and cefuroxime and other active herbs could not eradicatestationary phase cells as many spirochetes were visible after 21-day subculture. Further studies are needed to identify the active constituents of the effective botanicals and evaluate their combinations for more effective eradication ofand. The implications of these findings for improving treatment of persistent Lyme disease are discussed.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Polyphenols extracted from Artemisia annua exhibit anti-cancer effects on radio-resistant MDA-MB-231

Polyphenols extracted from Artemisia annua exhibit anti-cancer effects on radio-resistant MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.

L. has been reported to show anti-cancer activities .
Here , we determined whether polyphenols extracted fromL .
( pKAL ) exhibit anti-cancer effects on radio-resistant MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells ( RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells ) , and further explored their molecular mechanisms .
Cell viability assay and colony-forming assay revealed that pKAL inhibited cell proliferation on both parental and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner .
The anti-proliferative effects of pKAL on RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells were superior or similar to those on parental ones .
Western blot analysis revealed that expressions of cluster of differentiation 44 ( CD44 ) and Oct @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 ( STAT-3 ) phosphorylation were significantly increased in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to parental ones , suggesting that these proteins could be associated with RT resistance .
pKAL inhibited the expression of CD44 and Oct 3/4 ( CSC markers ) , andβ-catenin and MMP-9 as well as STAT-3 phosphorylation of RT-R-MDA-MB-231 .
Regarding upstream signaling , the JNK or JAK2 inhibitor could inhibit STAT-3 activation in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells , but not augmented pKAL-induced anti-cancer effects .
These findings suggest that c-Jun N-terminal kinase ( JNK ) or @ @ @ @ @ @ @ signaling are not closely related to the anti-cancer effects of pKAL .
In conclusion , this study suggests that pKAL exhibit anti-cancer effects on RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells by suppressing CD44 and Oct 3/4 , β-catenin and MMP-9 , which appeared to be linked to RT resistance ofRT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells .

L. has been reported to show anti-cancer activities. Here, we determined whether polyphenols extracted fromL. (pKAL) exhibit anti-cancer effects on radio-resistant MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells), and further explored their molecular mechanisms. Cell viability assay and colony-forming assay revealed that pKAL inhibited cell proliferation on both parental and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-proliferative effects of pKAL on RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells were superior or similar to those on parental ones. Western blot analysis revealed that expressions of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and Oct 3/4, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) phosphorylation were significantly increased in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to parental ones, suggesting that these proteins could be associated with RT resistance. pKAL inhibited the expression of CD44 and Oct 3/4 (CSC markers), andβ-catenin and MMP-9 as well as STAT-3 phosphorylation of RT-R-MDA-MB-231. Regarding upstream signaling, the JNK or JAK2 inhibitor could inhibit STAT-3 activation in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells, but not augmented pKAL-induced anti-cancer effects. These findings suggest that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 signaling are not closely related to the anti-cancer effects of pKAL. In conclusion, this study suggests that pKAL exhibit anti-cancer effects on RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells by suppressing CD44 and Oct 3/4, β-catenin and MMP-9, which appeared to be linked to RT resistance ofRT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-12--Antimicrobial activity of different artemisia essential oil formulations.

The extreme lipophilicity of essential oils ( EOs ) impedes the measurement of their biological actions in an aqueous environment .
We formulated oil in water type PickeringEO nanoemulsions ( AEP ) with surface-modified Stöber silica nanoparticles ( 20 nm ) as the stabilizing agent .
The antimicrobial activity of AEP and its effects on maturebiofilms were compared with those of Tween 80 stabilized emulsion ( AET ) and ethanolic solution ( AEE ) of theEO .
The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by using the minimum inhibitory concentrations ( MIC ) and minimum effective concentrations ( MEC ) of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cells beside growth inhibition , colony formation ( CFU/mL ) , metabolic activity , viability , intracellular ATP/total protein ( ATP/TP ) , along with reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) were also studied.EO nanoemulsion ( AEP ) showed significantly higher antimicrobial activity than AET and AEE.EO nanoemulsions ( AEP ) generated superoxide anion and peroxides-related oxidative stress , which might be the underlying mode of action of theEO .
Unilamellar liposomes , as a cellular model , were used to examine the delivery efficacy of the EO of our tested formulations .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the EO components ' donation compared to AET and AEE .
Our data suggest the superiority of the AEP formulation against microbial infections .

The extreme lipophilicity of essential oils (EOs) impedes the measurement of their biological actions in an aqueous environment. We formulated oil in water type PickeringEO nanoemulsions (AEP) with surface-modified Stöber silica nanoparticles (20 nm) as the stabilizing agent. The antimicrobial activity of AEP and its effects on maturebiofilms were compared with those of Tween 80 stabilized emulsion (AET) and ethanolic solution (AEE) of theEO. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by using the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum effective concentrations (MEC) of the compounds. On planktonic bacterial and fungal cells beside growth inhibition, colony formation (CFU/mL), metabolic activity, viability, intracellular ATP/total protein (ATP/TP), along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also studied.EO nanoemulsion (AEP) showed significantly higher antimicrobial activity than AET and AEE.EO nanoemulsions (AEP) generated superoxide anion and peroxides-related oxidative stress, which might be the underlying mode of action of theEO. Unilamellar liposomes, as a cellular model, were used to examine the delivery efficacy of the EO of our tested formulations. We could demonstrate higher effectiveness of AEP in the EO components' donation compared to AET and AEE. Our data suggest the superiority of the AEP formulation against microbial infections.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-13--Antibacterial and anticancer activities of fenugreek seed extract.

This work is about the utilization of fenugreek seed as an antibacterial and anticancer agents .
The antibacterial activity of @ @ @ @ @ pathological bacteria strains were specified through conventional biochemical tests using the Vitek2 automated system and @ @ @ @ @ anticancer activities of fenugreek seed extract , on MCF-7 breast cancer cells , liver cancer @ @ @ @ @ Vero cell lines , were investigated using colorimetric MTT assay .
Results showed that the @ @ @ @ @ of the seed was found on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( 22 mm and @ @ @ @ @ zones respectively ) .
The seed extract showed proliferative inhibition on MCF-7 cell line at @ @ @ @ @ 72 h of the incubation period .
This was accompanied by insignificant apoptosis or necrosis @ @ @ @ @ no anticancer effect on liver and Vero cell lines .
This work emphasizes that fenugreek @ @ @ @ @ source of antibacterial and anticancer agents .
.

This work is about the utilization of fenugreek seed as an antibacterial and anticancer agents. The antibacterial activity of fenugreek seed extract on six pathological bacteria strains were specified through conventional biochemical tests using the Vitek2 automated system and diffusion agar method. The anticancer activities of fenugreek seed extract, on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, liver cancer HCAM cells and the non-cancerous Vero cell lines, were investigated using colorimetric MTT assay. Results showed that the highest activity of the extract of the seed was found on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22 mm and 17 mm diameter of inhibition zones respectively). The seed extract showed proliferative inhibition on MCF-7 cell line at a concentration of 400µg/ml and 72 h of the incubation period. This was accompanied by insignificant apoptosis or necrosis. The seed extract showed no anticancer effect on liver and Vero cell lines. This work emphasizes that fenugreek seed extract is a potential source of antibacterial and anticancer agents.
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greenmedinfo--2020-06-13--Fenugreek counters the effects of high fat diet on gut microbiota.

Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum ) is an annual herbaceous plant and a staple of traditional health remedies for metabolic conditions including high cholesterol and diabetes .
While the mechanisms of the beneficial actions of fenugreek remain unknown , a role for intestinal microbiota in metabolic homeostasis is likely .
To determine if fenugreek utilizes intestinal bacteria to offset the adverse effects of high fat diets , C57BL/6J mice were fed control/low fat ( CD ) or high fat ( HFD ) diets each supplemented with or without 2 % ( w/w ) fenugreek for 16 weeks .
The effects of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ comprehensively mapped and then statistically assessed in relation to effects on metrics of body weight , hyperlipidemia , and glucose tolerance .
16S metagenomic analyses revealed robust and significant effects of fenugreek on gut microbiota , with alterations in both alpha and beta diversity as well as taxonomic redistribution under both CD and HFD conditions .
As previously reported , fenugreek attenuated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and stabilized glucose tolerance without affecting body weight .
Finally , fenugreek specifically reversed the dysbiotic effects of HFD on numerous taxa in a manner tightly correlated with overall @ @ @ @ @ @ @ reinforce the essential link between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome and suggest that the preservation of healthy populations of gut microbiota participates in the beneficial properties of fenugreek in the context of modern Western-style diets .

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an annual herbaceous plant and a staple of traditional health remedies for metabolic conditions including high cholesterol and diabetes. While the mechanisms of the beneficial actions of fenugreek remain unknown, a role for intestinal microbiota in metabolic homeostasis is likely. To determine if fenugreek utilizes intestinal bacteria to offset the adverse effects of high fat diets, C57BL/6J mice were fed control/low fat (CD) or high fat (HFD) diets each supplemented with or without 2% (w/w) fenugreek for 16 weeks. The effects of fenugreek and HFD on gut microbiota were comprehensively mapped and then statistically assessed in relation to effects on metrics of body weight, hyperlipidemia, and glucose tolerance. 16S metagenomic analyses revealed robust and significant effects of fenugreek on gut microbiota, with alterations in both alpha and beta diversity as well as taxonomic redistribution under both CD and HFD conditions. As previously reported, fenugreek attenuated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and stabilized glucose tolerance without affecting body weight. Finally, fenugreek specifically reversed the dysbiotic effects of HFD on numerous taxa in a manner tightly correlated with overall metabolic function. Collectively, these data reinforce the essential link between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome and suggest that the preservation of healthy populations of gut microbiota participates in the beneficial properties of fenugreek in the context of modern Western-style diets.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-13--Medial temporal lobe cortical changes in response to exercise interventions in people with early psy

Medial temporal lobe cortical changes in response to exercise interventions in people with early psychosis.

OBJECTIVE : Individuals with early psychosis may have prefrontal-limbic cortical deficits , which are associated with symptom severity and cognitive impairment .
This study investigated the impact of an exercise intervention on fronto-temporal cortical plasticity in female participants with early psychosis .
METHODS : In a cohort of 51 female participants with early psychosis from Hong Kong , we investigated the effects of a 12-week , moderate intensity aerobic or Hatha yoga exercise trial ( yoga ( N = 21 ) , aerobic ( N = 18 ) or waitlist group ( N = 12 ) ) on cortical grey @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were completed pre- and post- a 12-week exercise intervention .
RESULTS : Increases in cortical volume and thickness were observed in the medial temporal cortical regions , primarily in fusiform cortical thickness ( F ( 2 , 48 ) = 4.221 , p = 0.020 , η = 0.150 ) and volume ( F ( 2 , 48 ) = 3.521 , p = 0.037 , η = 0.128 ) for participants with early psychosis in the aerobic arm , but not in the yoga and waitlist arms .
Increased fusiform cortical thickness @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0.003 ) was associated with increased hippocampal volume for all psychosis participants .
For the aerobic group only , increases in theentorhinal and fusiform temporal gyri were associated with reduced symptom severity .
CONCLUSIONS : These findings suggest exercise-induced neuroplasticity in medial temporal cortical regions occurs with aerobic exercise .
These changes may be associated with improvements in psychosis symptom severity .
People with early psychosis may benefit from exercise interventions , particularly aerobic exercise , as an adjunct treatment to address clinical , physical health , and neuroanatomic concerns .
NIH National @ @ @ @ @ @ @ NCT01207219https : //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01207219 .

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with early psychosis may have prefrontal-limbic cortical deficits, which are associated with symptom severity and cognitive impairment. This study investigated the impact of an exercise intervention on fronto-temporal cortical plasticity in female participants with early psychosis.
METHODS: In a cohort of 51 female participants with early psychosis from Hong Kong, we investigated the effects of a 12-week, moderate intensity aerobic or Hatha yoga exercise trial (yoga (N = 21), aerobic (N = 18) or waitlist group (N = 12)) on cortical grey matter. Clinical assessments and structural MRI were completed pre- and post- a 12-week exercise intervention.
RESULTS: Increases in cortical volume and thickness were observed in the medial temporal cortical regions, primarily in fusiform cortical thickness (F(2, 48) = 4.221, p = 0.020, η = 0.150) and volume (F(2, 48) = 3.521, p = 0.037, η = 0.128) for participants with early psychosis in the aerobic arm, but not in the yoga and waitlist arms. Increased fusiform cortical thickness (ß = 0.402, p = 0.003) was associated with increased hippocampal volume for all psychosis participants. For the aerobic group only, increases in theentorhinal and fusiform temporal gyri were associated with reduced symptom severity.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest exercise-induced neuroplasticity in medial temporal cortical regions occurs with aerobic exercise. These changes may be associated with improvements in psychosis symptom severity. People with early psychosis may benefit from exercise interventions, particularly aerobic exercise, as an adjunct treatment to address clinical, physical health, and neuroanatomic concerns. NIH National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov Registration #: NCT01207219https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01207219.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-13--The findings suggest potentially beneficial effect of Qigong exercise on symptoms of anxiety among i

BACKGROUND : Previous studies have acknowledged Tai Chi and Qigong exercise could be potential effective treatments for reducing depression and anxiety in both healthy and clinical populations .
However , there is a scarcity of systematic reviews summarizing the clinical evidence conducted among individuals with substance use disorders .
This study tries to fill up this gap .
METHODS : A systematic search using Medline , EMbase , PsychINFO , Eric , SPORTDiscus , CINAHL , the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ( CENTRAL ) , the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure ( CNKI ) , Wanfang , and the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was initiated to identify randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ) and non-randomized comparison studies ( NRS ) assessing the effect of Tai Chi and Qigong versus various comparison groups on depression and anxiety related outcomes .
Study quality was evaluated using a Checklist to Evaluate a Report of a Nonpharmacological Trial ( CLEAR-NPT ) designed for nonpharmacological trial .
RESULTS : One RCT and six NRS with a total of 772 participants were identified .
Some of them were meta-analyzed to examine the pooled effects based on different types of intervention and controls @ @ @ @ @ @ @ effect of Tai Chi was comparable to treatment as usual ( TAU ) on depression ( standardized mean difference ( SMD ) = - 0.17 [ - 0.52 , 0.17 ] ) .
Qigong exercise appears to result in improvement on anxiety compared to that of medication ( SMD = -1.12 [ - 1.47 , - 0.78 ] ) , and no treatment control ( SMD = -0.52 [ - 0.77 , - 0.27 ] ) .
CONCLUSION : The findings suggest potentially beneficial effect of Qigong exercise on symptoms of anxiety among @ @ @ @ @ @ @ small number and overall methodological weakness of included studies and lack of RCTs , results should be interpreted with caution and future rigorously designed RCTs are warranted to provide more reliable evidence .

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have acknowledged Tai Chi and Qigong exercise could be potential effective treatments for reducing depression and anxiety in both healthy and clinical populations. However, there is a scarcity of systematic reviews summarizing the clinical evidence conducted among individuals with substance use disorders. This study tries to fill up this gap.
METHODS: A systematic search using Medline, EMbase, PsychINFO, Eric, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and the Chinese Scientific Journal (VIP) databases was initiated to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized comparison studies (NRS) assessing the effect of Tai Chi and Qigong versus various comparison groups on depression and anxiety related outcomes. Study quality was evaluated using a Checklist to Evaluate a Report of a Nonpharmacological Trial (CLEAR-NPT) designed for nonpharmacological trial.
RESULTS: One RCT and six NRS with a total of 772 participants were identified. Some of them were meta-analyzed to examine the pooled effects based on different types of intervention and controls. The results of meta-analyses suggested the effect of Tai Chi was comparable to treatment as usual (TAU) on depression (standardized mean difference (SMD) = - 0.17[- 0.52, 0.17]). Qigong exercise appears to result in improvement on anxiety compared to that of medication (SMD = -1.12[- 1.47, - 0.78]), and no treatment control (SMD = -0.52[- 0.77, - 0.27]).
CONCLUSION: The findings suggest potentially beneficial effect of Qigong exercise on symptoms of anxiety among individuals with drug abuse. Considering the small number and overall methodological weakness of included studies and lack of RCTs, results should be interpreted with caution and future rigorously designed RCTs are warranted to provide more reliable evidence.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-13--Augmented reality-assisted training with selected Tai-Chi movements improves balance control and inc

Augmented reality-assisted training with selected Tai-Chi movements improves balance control and increases lower limb muscle strength in older adults.

Background : Tai-Chi benefits older adults by enhancing balance control and increasing the muscle strength of the lower limbs .
However , a complete set of traditional Tai-Chi exercises is sometimes too difficult for beginners .
We investigated whether practicing augmented reality-assisted training with selected Tai-Chi movements tailored to the practitioner 's ability ( selected Tai-Chi , or sTC ) is as effective as performing a complete set of Tai-Chi sequences ( complete traditional Tai-Chi , or tTC ) .
Methods : In this prospective randomized trial carried out in the Beitou District of Taipei City , Taiwan , community-dwelling @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( n = 28 ) were included .
Participants were randomly assigned to the sTC group ( n = 14 ) or the tTC group ( n = 14 ) .
Participants in the sTC group practiced selected Tai-Chi movements using the augmented reality Tai-Chi training system .
Participants of the tTC group were asked to complete the 24-form Yang-style Tai-Chi following the instructions of Tai-Chi masters .
Each training session lasted 30 min , with 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks .
Pre- and post-intervention evaluations included functional balance tests , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) , Timed Up and Go test ( TUG ) , and Functional Reach Test ( FRT ) , as well as muscle strength measurements of the lower extremities .
Results : Pre-intervention evaluations showed significant differences in FRT ( = 0.034 ) and left hip abductor muscle strength ( = 0.046 ) between the sTC and tTC groups .
After 8 weeks of training , the BBS , TUG , and FRT scores in the sTC group showed significant improvement overall .
Although all three functional balance test scores improved in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ BBS was statistically significant ( = 0.001 ) .
After 8 weeks , all muscle strength measurements increased by an average of 3.1 ± 1.0 kgw in the sTC group and 1.6 ± 0.8 kgw in the tTC group .
Conclusions : The augmented reality-assisted training with selected Tai-Chi movements , designed based on objective measurements of the practitioner 's capability , improved balance control and muscle strength of lower limbs at least as effectively as the complete sequence of traditional Tai-Chi exercises .
Trial registration : This study was approved by the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( IRB number : 1000087 ) .
Written informed consent was obtained from all participants .

Background: Tai-Chi benefits older adults by enhancing balance control and increasing the muscle strength of the lower limbs. However, a complete set of traditional Tai-Chi exercises is sometimes too difficult for beginners. We investigated whether practicing augmented reality-assisted training with selected Tai-Chi movements tailored to the practitioner's ability (selected Tai-Chi, or sTC) is as effective as performing a complete set of Tai-Chi sequences (complete traditional Tai-Chi, or tTC).
Methods: In this prospective randomized trial carried out in the Beitou District of Taipei City, Taiwan, community-dwelling adults aged≥65 and without any debilitating diseases (n = 28) were included. Participants were randomly assigned to the sTC group (n = 14) or the tTC group (n = 14). Participants in the sTC group practiced selected Tai-Chi movements using the augmented reality Tai-Chi training system. Participants of the tTC group were asked to complete the 24-form Yang-style Tai-Chi following the instructions of Tai-Chi masters. Each training session lasted 30 min, with 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention evaluations included functional balance tests, comprising the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and Functional Reach Test (FRT), as well as muscle strength measurements of the lower extremities.
Results: Pre-intervention evaluations showed significant differences in FRT ( = 0.034) and left hip abductor muscle strength ( = 0.046) between the sTC and tTC groups. After 8 weeks of training, the BBS, TUG, and FRT scores in the sTC group showed significant improvement overall. Although all three functional balance test scores improved in the tTC group, only the improvement in BBS was statistically significant ( = 0.001). After 8 weeks, all muscle strength measurements increased by an average of 3.1 ± 1.0 kgw in the sTC group and 1.6 ± 0.8 kgw in the tTC group.
Conclusions: The augmented reality-assisted training with selected Tai-Chi movements, designed based on objective measurements of the practitioner's capability, improved balance control and muscle strength of lower limbs at least as effectively as the complete sequence of traditional Tai-Chi exercises.
Trial registration: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Yang-Ming University (IRB number: 1000087). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-13--4 weeks of B. pranayama significantly reduce the levels of anxiety.

refers to a set of yoga breathing exercises .
Recent evidence suggests that the practice ofhas positive effects on measures of clinical stress and anxiety .
This study explored the impact of atraining program on emotion processing , anxiety , and affect .
We used a randomized controlled trial design with thirty healthy young adults assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks ofpractices .
Two functional magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) protocols were used both at baseline and post-intervention : an emotion task as well as a resting-state acquisition .
Our results suggest thatsignificantly decreased states of anxiety and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the activity of brain regions involved in emotional processing , particularly the amygdala , anterior cingulate , anterior insula , and prefrontal cortex .
Resting-state functional MRI ( fMRI ) showed significantly reduced functional connectivity involving the anterior insula and lateral portions of the prefrontal cortex .
Correlation analysis revealed that changes in connectivity between the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the right anterior insula were associated with changes in anxiety .
Although it should be noted that these analyses were preliminary and exploratory , it provides the first evidence that 4 weeks ofsignificantly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ affect , and that these changes are associated with the modulation of activity and connectivity in brain areas involved in emotion processing , attention , and awareness .
The study was registered at https : //www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-2gv5c2/ ( RBR-2gv5c2 ) .

refers to a set of yoga breathing exercises. Recent evidence suggests that the practice ofhas positive effects on measures of clinical stress and anxiety. This study explored the impact of atraining program on emotion processing, anxiety, and affect. We used a randomized controlled trial design with thirty healthy young adults assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks ofpractices. Two functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols were used both at baseline and post-intervention: an emotion task as well as a resting-state acquisition. Our results suggest thatsignificantly decreased states of anxiety and negative affect. The practice ofalso modulated the activity of brain regions involved in emotional processing, particularly the amygdala, anterior cingulate, anterior insula, and prefrontal cortex. Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) showed significantly reduced functional connectivity involving the anterior insula and lateral portions of the prefrontal cortex. Correlation analysis revealed that changes in connectivity between the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the right anterior insula were associated with changes in anxiety. Although it should be noted that these analyses were preliminary and exploratory, it provides the first evidence that 4 weeks ofsignificantly reduce the levels of anxiety and negative affect, and that these changes are associated with the modulation of activity and connectivity in brain areas involved in emotion processing, attention, and awareness. The study was registered at https://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-2gv5c2/(RBR-2gv5c2).


greenmedinfo--2020-06-13--Swimming exercises can be considered for relief of symptom in incurable multiple sclerosis.

PURPOSE : Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nerve system , resulting in cumulative loss of motor function .
Multiple sclerosis is induced through multiple mechanisms and is caused by inflammation and demyelination .
This study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of swimming exercise in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE ) rats , an animal model of multiple sclerosis .
METHODS : EAE was induced by an intradermal injection of 50-μg purified myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 33-55 ( MOG33-55 ) dissolved in 200-μL saline at the base of the tail .
The rats in the swimming @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 30 minutes once pert a day for 26 consecutive days , starting 5 days after induction of EAE .
To compare the effect of swimming exercise with interferon-β , a drug for multiple sclerosis , interferon-β was injected intraperitoneally into rats of the EAE-induced and interferon-β-treated group during the exercise period .
RESULTS : Injection of MOG33-55 caused weight loss , decreased clinical disability score , and increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the lumbar spinal cord .
Loss of motor function and weakness increased demyelination score .
Swimming exercise @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and inflammatory mediators .
These changes promoted recovery of EAE symptoms such as body weight loss , motor dysfunction , and weakness .
Swimming exercise caused the same level of improvement as interferon-β treatment .
CONCLUSION : The results of this experiment suggest the possibility of swimming exercise in urological diseases that are difficult to treat .
Swimming exercises can be considered for relief of symptom in incurable multiple sclerosis .

PURPOSE: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nerve system, resulting in cumulative loss of motor function. Multiple sclerosis is induced through multiple mechanisms and is caused by inflammation and demyelination. This study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of swimming exercise in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats, an animal model of multiple sclerosis.
METHODS: EAE was induced by an intradermal injection of 50-μg purified myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 33-55 (MOG33-55) dissolved in 200-μL saline at the base of the tail. The rats in the swimming exercise group were made to swim for 30 minutes once pert a day for 26 consecutive days, starting 5 days after induction of EAE. To compare the effect of swimming exercise with interferon-β, a drug for multiple sclerosis, interferon-β was injected intraperitoneally into rats of the EAE-induced and interferon-β-treated group during the exercise period.
RESULTS: Injection of MOG33-55 caused weight loss, decreased clinical disability score, and increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the lumbar spinal cord. Loss of motor function and weakness increased demyelination score. Swimming exercise suppressed demyelination and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. These changes promoted recovery of EAE symptoms such as body weight loss, motor dysfunction, and weakness. Swimming exercise caused the same level of improvement as interferon-β treatment.
CONCLUSION: The results of this experiment suggest the possibility of swimming exercise in urological diseases that are difficult to treat. Swimming exercises can be considered for relief of symptom in incurable multiple sclerosis.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-13--Swimming exercise ameliorates mood disorder and memory impairment by enhancing neurogenesis and sero

Swimming exercise ameliorates mood disorder and memory impairment by enhancing neurogenesis and serotonin expression and inhibiting apoptosis.

Social isolation during adolescence is associated with anxiety , depres-sion , and memory impairment .
Exercise has been reported as @ @ @ @ @ function , especially hippocampus .
The present study ex-amined the effect of swimming exercise on @ @ @ @ @ and serotonin expression in social isolation rats during adolescence stage .
Social isolation started at @ @ @ @ @ for 6 weeks .
The rats in the swimming group were forced to swim for @ @ @ @ @ 6 days per week for 6 consecutive weeks .
The rats in the social isolation @ @ @ @ @ depression , short-term memory impairment .
Social isolation facilitated apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation and @ @ @ @ @ expression of serotonin , brain-derived neurotrophic factor , and tyrosine kinase B .
Swimming exercise @ @ @ @ @ short-term impairment .
Swimming exercise suppressed apoptosis , en-hanced neurogenesis , and increased serotonin expression @ @ @ @ @ swimming exercise ameliorates mood disorder and memory impairment by enhancing neurogenesis and serotonin expression and @ @ @ @ @ .

Social isolation during adolescence is associated with anxiety, depres-sion, and memory impairment. Exercise has been reported as a positive effect on brain function, especially hippocampus. The present study ex-amined the effect of swimming exercise on apoptosis, cell proliferation, and serotonin expression in social isolation rats during adolescence stage. Social isolation started at postnatal day 21 and continued for 6 weeks. The rats in the swimming group were forced to swim for 60 min once daily during 6 days per week for 6 consecutive weeks. The rats in the social isolation during adolescence showed anxiety, depression, short-term memory impairment. Social isolation facilitated apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation and differentiation. Social isolation sup-pressed expression of serotonin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and tyrosine kinase B. Swimming exercise alleviated anxiety, depression, short-term impairment. Swimming exercise suppressed apoptosis, en-hanced neurogenesis, and increased serotonin expression. In our study, swimming exercise ameliorates mood disorder and memory impairment by enhancing neurogenesis and serotonin expression and inhibiting apoptosis in social isolation.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-13--Hypothalamic inflammation was susceptible to exercise and diet.

A high-fat diet and sedentary lifestyle could accelerate aging and hypothalamic inflammation .
In order to explore the regulatory mechanisms @ @ @ @ @ , swimming exercise and diet control were applied in the high-fat diet ApoE-/- mice in @ @ @ @ @ mice fed with 12-week high-fat diet were treated by high-fat diet , diet control and @ @ @ @ @ showed that hypothalamic inflammation , glial cells activation and cognition decline were induced by high-fat @ @ @ @ @ diet control , hypothalamic inflammation , glial cells activation and learning and memory impairment were @ @ @ @ @ plus diet control , which was related to the increasing expression of SIRT1 , inhibiting @ @ @ @ @ raising secretion of GnRH in the hypothalamus .
These findings supported the hypothesis that hypothalamic @ @ @ @ @ and diet , which was strongly associated with SIRT1-NF-κB-GnRH expression in the hypothalamus .

A high-fat diet and sedentary lifestyle could accelerate aging and hypothalamic inflammation. In order to explore the regulatory mechanisms of lifestyle in the hypothalamus, swimming exercise and diet control were applied in the high-fat diet ApoE-/- mice in our study. 20-week-old ApoE-/- mice fed with 12-week high-fat diet were treated by high-fat diet, diet control and swimming exercise. The results showed that hypothalamic inflammation, glial cells activation and cognition decline were induced by high-fat diet. Compared with the diet control, hypothalamic inflammation, glial cells activation and learning and memory impairment were effectively alleviated by swimming exercise plus diet control, which was related to the increasing expression of SIRT1, inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and raising secretion of GnRH in the hypothalamus. These findings supported the hypothesis that hypothalamic inflammation was susceptible to exercise and diet, which was strongly associated with SIRT1-NF-κB-GnRH expression in the hypothalamus.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-13--Swimming exercise improves cognitive and behavioural disorders in male NMRI mice with sporadic Alzhe

Swimming exercise improves cognitive and behavioural disorders in male NMRI mice with sporadic Alzheimer-like disease.

Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) is associated with cognitive deficits and behavioral disorders such as anxiety and depression .
Recent clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that swimming exercise could be a potential therapy for cognitive and behavioral disorders .
The prevalence of anxiety and depression is increasing among patients with AD ; hence , further studies are needed to develop therapies for these behavioral abnormalities .
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of swimming exercise on memory impairment , anxiety , and depression-like behaviors in a mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer-like disease .
Eight @ @ @ @ @ @ @ STZ ) , mice were subjected to the swimming exercise for four weeks .
To assess cognitive functions , anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in animals , Y-maze , novel object recognition , open field , zero maze , sucrose preference , and forced swim tests were used .
To understand the possible mechanisms , amyloid-β ( Aβ ) -42 , brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) , glutamate , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , tumor-necrosis-factor ( TNF ) -α , and interleukin ( IL ) -6 levels were measured in the hippocampus .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ STZ administration impaired cognitive functions , increased anxiety- and depression-related behaviors , and elevated Aβ-42 , glutamate , MDA , TNF-α , and IL-6 levels in the hippocampus of mice .
In contrast , swimming exercise significantly reversed these neurobehavioral disorders , increased BDNF , and decreased both glutamate and TNF-α in the hippocampus of STZ-treated mice .
Overall , these findings provide some support for the idea that swimming exercise might be associated with reduced neurobehavioral disorders in patients with Alzheimer 's disease .
However , further clinical studies on this topic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ findings .

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cognitive deficits and behavioral disorders such as anxiety and depression. Recent clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that swimming exercise could be a potential therapy for cognitive and behavioral disorders. The prevalence of anxiety and depression is increasing among patients with AD; hence, further studies are needed to develop therapies for these behavioral abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of swimming exercise on memory impairment, anxiety, and depression-like behaviors in a mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer-like disease. Eight days after AD induction by streptozotocin (STZ), mice were subjected to the swimming exercise for four weeks. To assess cognitive functions, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in animals, Y-maze, novel object recognition, open field, zero maze, sucrose preference, and forced swim tests were used. To understand the possible mechanisms, amyloid-β (Aβ)-42, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glutamate, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were measured in the hippocampus. The results of this study indicate that STZ administration impaired cognitive functions, increased anxiety- and depression-related behaviors, and elevated Aβ-42, glutamate, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in the hippocampus of mice. In contrast, swimming exercise significantly reversed these neurobehavioral disorders, increased BDNF, and decreased both glutamate and TNF-α in the hippocampus of STZ-treated mice. Overall, these findings provide some support for the idea that swimming exercise might be associated with reduced neurobehavioral disorders in patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, further clinical studies on this topic are required to confirm and validate these findings.