greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--Paeoniflorin ameliorates antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Paeoniflorin , a prominent component in some Chinese formulas for hyperprolactinemia-associated disorders , has been found to inhibit prolactin secretion in prolactinoma cells .
AIM : To examine the efficacy of paeoniflorin on hyperprolactinemia and the underlying mechanisms of action .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Hyperprolactinemia in female rats was generated by administration of olanzapine ( 5 mg/kg , by a gavage method , once daily , × 13 weeks ) .
The rats were co-treated with paeoniflorin ( 10 and 50 mg/kg ) .
Prolactin and TGF-β1 concentrations were detected by ELISA .
Protein expression was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in MMQ cells was also examined .
RESULTS : Paeoniflorin inhibited olanzapine-induced increases in plasma prolactin concentration and prolactin protein overexpression in the pituitary and hypothalamus of rats .
Further , paeoniflorin restored olanzapine-induced downregulation of pituitary and hypothalamic dopamine D2 receptor ( D2R ) protein expression .
More importantly , paeoniflorin attenuated olanzapine-suppressed protein expression of transforming growth factor ( TGF ) -β1 and its downstream genes , type II TGF-β receptor , type I TGF-β receptor and phosphorylated SMAD3 in the tissues .
However , paeoniflorin did not affect plasma TGF-β1 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ In accord , olanzapine-induced increase in prolactin concentration , upregulation of prolactin protein expression , and downregulation of protein expression of the D2R and TGF-β1 signals in MMQ cells were attenuated .
CONCLUSIONS : This study demonstrates that paeoniflorin ameliorates olanzapine-induced hyperprolactinemia in rats by attenuating impairment of the D2R and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in the hypothalamus and pituitary .
Our findings may provide evidence to support the use of paeoniflorin-contained Chinese herbs and formulas for hyperprolactinemia and its associated disorders .

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Paeoniflorin, a prominent component in some Chinese formulas for hyperprolactinemia-associated disorders, has been found to inhibit prolactin secretion in prolactinoma cells.
AIM: To examine the efficacy of paeoniflorin on hyperprolactinemia and the underlying mechanisms of action.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hyperprolactinemia in female rats was generated by administration of olanzapine (5 mg/kg, by a gavage method, once daily, × 13 weeks). The rats were co-treated with paeoniflorin (10 and 50 mg/kg). Prolactin and TGF-β1 concentrations were detected by ELISA. Protein expression was determined by Western blot. The effect in MMQ cells was also examined.
RESULTS: Paeoniflorin inhibited olanzapine-induced increases in plasma prolactin concentration and prolactin protein overexpression in the pituitary and hypothalamus of rats. Further, paeoniflorin restored olanzapine-induced downregulation of pituitary and hypothalamic dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) protein expression. More importantly, paeoniflorin attenuated olanzapine-suppressed protein expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and its downstream genes, type II TGF-β receptor, type I TGF-β receptor and phosphorylated SMAD3 in the tissues. However, paeoniflorin did not affect plasma TGF-β1 concentration and hepatic TGF-β1 protein expression. In accord, olanzapine-induced increase in prolactin concentration, upregulation of prolactin protein expression, and downregulation of protein expression of the D2R and TGF-β1 signals in MMQ cells were attenuated.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that paeoniflorin ameliorates olanzapine-induced hyperprolactinemia in rats by attenuating impairment of the D2R and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in the hypothalamus and pituitary. Our findings may provide evidence to support the use of paeoniflorin-contained Chinese herbs and formulas for hyperprolactinemia and its associated disorders.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--PROPAGANDA ALERT: Media Catastrophizes New FL COVID Infection Cases Despite Mortality In Steep Decli

PROPAGANDA ALERT: Media Catastrophizes New FL COVID Infection Cases Despite Mortality In Steep Decline

If you tune into the latest media blitz on the supposedly “ record shattering ” expansion of COVID infections in Florida , lately , you ’ d likely assume that re-opening is going terribly wrong , and we should be bracing for the much heralded “ second wave ” of deadly infections , as well preparing for the next lockdown .
Yet , despite this carefully crafted media message , the facts are that the Florida Department of Health , Division of Disease Control and Health Protection ’ s publically available statistics show that despite the increases in “ confirmed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ testing facilities and the increasing number of people getting tested , the actual death toll from COVID-19 is steeply declining , if not actually at this point non-existent .
Indeed , below is a graphical representation of the infection rates versus the death rates from Covid recently posted by Dr. Jeffrey Dach : Dr. Dach commented emphatically in a Facebook post to his page : '' Department of Health ... Cases are increasing ( red arrow ) yet total mortality has decreased to low number ( below 8 per day ) Red Arrow @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the positive antibody tests in younger people indicating immunity to the virus in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic cases in younger population .
This is a good thing ...
The decline in mortality rate indicates the virus has burned itself out , and the main part of the outbreak IS OVER !
!
!
! ''
Moreover , if you consider that the rates of infection are increasing and the mortality rates are decreasing , this would indicate that the presumed lethality of COVID-19 is actually growing even lower .
This , again , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ media .
To the contrary : the public is being meant to believe that things are getting scarier and more dangerous out there .
You can view the statistics yourself at the Florida 's COVID-19 Data and SurveillanceDashboard : https : //experience.arcgis.com/experience/96dd742462124fa0b38ddedb9b25e429 Despite the widespread fomenting of fear related to COVID-19 's presumed uniquely high lethality ( now widely acknowledged to be no worse than a seasonal flu epidemic ; 40-150 times lower case fatality rates than originally estimated by the Chinese government and the WHO ) , the Florida statistics show that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ precipitiously to below 8 per day .
These numbers also do not do justice to the over-inflating of COVID death statistics due to the fact that deaths that are coded `` confirmed COVID related '' do not require COVID-19 virus testing , but only `` suspicion of infection . ''
And therefore , there is actually not solid evidence to confirm that even these eight deaths were unequivocally and singularly caused by COVID-19 .
Why , then , is the media whipping up such a profound frenzy of coverage around the expanding so-called @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ?
James Corbett reported on the likelihood that a `` second wave '' would be declared as a means to further justify the unconstitutional restrictions imposed upon populations under the auspices of a `` public health emergency '' in the following episode below : Unless the world wakes up to the fact that COVID-19 is a psychological operation masquerading as a uniquely lethal virus which requires the global lockdown of billions of individuals , requiring the suspension of their fundamental human rights and civil liberties , as well as the wholesale cessation of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ activities , it is likely that they will successfully extend this `` endless war on germs '' into perpetuity , ushering in a new world order and global governance structure intent on stripping you and even entire sovereign nations of their freedoms .
To learn more , go to www.QuestioningCovid.com .
And join the 501c4 non-profit health freedom advocacy project www.StandForHealthFreedom.com to let your voice be heard .

Visit our Re-post guidelines This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2021
If you tune into the latest media blitz on the supposedly "record shattering" expansion of COVID infections in Florida, lately, you'd likely assume that re-opening is going terribly wrong, and we should be bracing for the much heralded "second wave" of deadly infections, as well preparing for the next lockdown
Yet, despite this carefully crafted media message, the facts are that the Florida Department of Health, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection's publically available statistics show that despite the increases in "confirmed cases" caused by the scaling of testing facilities and the increasing number of people getting tested, the actual death toll from COVID-19 is steeply declining, if not actually at this point non-existent.
Indeed, below is a graphical representation of the infection rates versus the death rates from Covid recently posted by Dr. Jeffrey Dach:
Dr. Dach commented emphatically in a Facebook post to his page:
"Department of Health...Cases are increasing (red arrow) yet total mortality has decreased to low number (below 8 per day) Red Arrow....This means the new cases are the positive antibody tests in younger people indicating immunity to the virus in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic cases in younger population. This is a good thing... The decline in mortality rate indicates the virus has burned itself out, and the main part of the outbreak IS OVER !!!!"
Moreover, if you consider that the rates of infection are increasing and the mortality rates are decreasing, this would indicate that the presumed lethality of COVID-19 is actually growing even lower. This, again, is not receiving any reporting in the media. To the contrary: the public is being meant to believe that things are getting scarier and more dangerous out there.
You can view the statistics yourself at the Florida's COVID-19 Data and SurveillanceDashboard: https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/96dd742462124fa0b38ddedb9b25e429
Despite the widespread fomenting of fear related to COVID-19's presumed uniquely high lethality (now widely acknowledged to be no worse than a seasonal flu epidemic; 40-150 times lower case fatality rates than originally estimated by the Chinese government and the WHO), the Florida statistics show that the mortality rate in Florida has decreased precipitiously to below 8 per day. These numbers also do not do justice to the over-inflating of COVID death statistics due to the fact that deaths that are coded "confirmed COVID related" do not require COVID-19 virus testing, but only "suspicion of infection." And therefore, there is actually not solid evidence to confirm that even these eight deaths were unequivocally and singularly caused by COVID-19.
Why, then, is the media whipping up such a profound frenzy of coverage around the expanding so-called "confirmed cases" of COVID-19 infection? James Corbett reported on the likelihood that a "second wave" would be declared as a means to further justify the unconstitutional restrictions imposed upon populations under the auspices of a "public health emergency" in the following episode below:
Unless the world wakes up to the fact that COVID-19 is a psychological operation masquerading as a uniquely lethal virus which requires the global lockdown of billions of individuals, requiring the suspension of their fundamental human rights and civil liberties, as well as the wholesale cessation of most of the world's normal socioeconomic activities, it is likely that they will successfully extend this "endless war on germs" into perpetuity, ushering in a new world order and global governance structure intent on stripping you and even entire sovereign nations of their freedoms. To learn more, go to www.QuestioningCovid.com. And join the 501c4 non-profit health freedom advocacy project ww.StandForHealthFreedom.com to let your voice be heard.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--Paeoniflorin ameliorates chronic hypoxia/SU5416-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background : Endothelial cells dysfunction is one of the hallmark pathogenic features of pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH ) .
Paeoniflorin ( PF ) is a monoterpene glycoside with endothelial protection , vasodilation , antifibrotic , anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties .
However , the effects of PF on PAH remain unknown .
Methods : Here , we investigated the efficacy of PF in the SU5416/hypoxia ( SuHx ) rat model of PAH .
Human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells ( HPAECs ) were exposed to 1 % Owith or without PF treatment .
Results : Hemodynamics analysis showed that prophylactic treatment @ @ @ @ @ @ @ daily for 21 days ) significantly inhibited chronic hypoxia/SU5416-induced elevations of right ventricular systolic pressure ( RVSP ) and right ventricular hypertrophy index in rats .
Meanwhile , PF significantly reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling , as well as alleviated collagen deposition in lungs and right ventricles in SuHx rats .
Additionally , PF inhibited SuHx-induced down-regulation of endothelial marker ( vascular endothelial cadherin ) and up-regulation of mesenchymal markers ( fibronectin and vimentin ) in lung , suggesting that PF could inhibit SuHx-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition ( EndMT ) in lung .
Further in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ hypoxia-induced EndMT in HPAECs , which was abolished by the knockdown of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 ( BMPR2 ) in HPAECs .
Conclusion : Taken together , our findings suggest that PF ameliorates BMPR2 down-regulation-mediated EndMT and thereafter alleviates SuHx-induced PAH in rats .

Background: Endothelial cells dysfunction is one of the hallmark pathogenic features of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Paeoniflorin (PF) is a monoterpene glycoside with endothelial protection, vasodilation, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. However, the effects of PF on PAH remain unknown.
Methods: Here, we investigated the efficacy of PF in the SU5416/hypoxia (SuHx) rat model of PAH. Human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs) were exposed to 1% Owith or without PF treatment.
Results: Hemodynamics analysis showed that prophylactic treatment with PF (300 mg/kg i.g. daily for 21 days) significantly inhibited chronic hypoxia/SU5416-induced elevations of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index in rats. Meanwhile, PF significantly reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling, as well as alleviated collagen deposition in lungs and right ventricles in SuHx rats. Additionally, PF inhibited SuHx-induced down-regulation of endothelial marker (vascular endothelial cadherin) and up-regulation of mesenchymal markers (fibronectin and vimentin) in lung, suggesting that PF could inhibit SuHx-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in lung. Further in vitro studies confirmed that PF treatment suppressed hypoxia-induced EndMT in HPAECs, which was abolished by the knockdown of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) in HPAECs.
Conclusion: Taken together, our findings suggest that PF ameliorates BMPR2 down-regulation-mediated EndMT and thereafter alleviates SuHx-induced PAH in rats.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--Paeoniflorin inhibits cell viability and invasion of liver cancer cells via inhibition of Skp2.

Paeoniflorin ( PF ) has been demonstrated to exert tumor suppressive functions in various types of human cancer .
However @ @ @ @ @ anti-tumor activity have not been fully elucidated .
S-phase kinase associated protein 2 ( Skp2 @ @ @ @ @ an oncoprotein that contributes to carcinogenesis .
Therefore , the inhibition of Skp2 may be @ @ @ @ @ treatment of various types of human cancer .
The present study explored whether PF inhibited @ @ @ @ @ liver cancer cells , leading to cell viability inhibition , induction of apoptosis , and @ @ @ @ @ .
PF treatment led to inhibition of Skp2 expression in liver cancer cells .
The @ @ @ @ @ anti-cancer activity , whereas the downregulation of Skp2 enhanced this type of activity .
The @ @ @ @ @ be considered as a novel inhibitor of Skp2 in liver cancer cells .

Paeoniflorin (PF) has been demonstrated to exert tumor suppressive functions in various types of human cancer. However, the mechanisms of PF-mediated anti-tumor activity have not been fully elucidated. S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2) has been characterized as an oncoprotein that contributes to carcinogenesis. Therefore, the inhibition of Skp2 may be a useful approach for the treatment of various types of human cancer. The present study explored whether PF inhibited the expression of Skp2 in liver cancer cells, leading to cell viability inhibition, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of migration and invasion. PF treatment led to inhibition of Skp2 expression in liver cancer cells. The overexpression of Skp2 abolished PF-mediated anti-cancer activity, whereas the downregulation of Skp2 enhanced this type of activity. The data indicated that PF may be considered as a novel inhibitor of Skp2 in liver cancer cells.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate down-regulates CXCR4-Gβγ-PI3K/AKT mediated migration in fibrobla

Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate down-regulates CXCR4-Gβγ-PI3K/AKT mediated migration in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE : This study aims to explore the effect of paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate ( CP-25 ) on the migration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes ( FLS ) in rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) and the mechanism focused on CXCR4-Gβγ-PI3K/AKT signaling .
METHODS : Human synovial tissues were collected from RA and osteoarthritis ( OA ) patients .
Immunohistochemistry ( IHC ) and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression of CXCR4 , GRK2 , Gβγ , PI3K , p-PI3K , AKT and p-AKT .
Transwell was adopted to analyse the migration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes ( FLS ) .
Co-immunoprecipitation ( Co-IP @ @ @ @ @ @ @ LSCM ) were used to detect the combination of GRK2 and Gβγ , the combination of PI3K and Gβγ .
RESULTS : The expression level of CXCR4 , GRK2 , Gβγ , p-p85 and p-AKT were increased in RA synovial tissue according to the results of IHC and Western blot .
In vitro , the migration of FLS was increased after stimulation of CXCL12 , inhibition of Gβγ suppressed the migration and phosphorylation of p85 and AKT induced by CXCL12 in FLS , and CP-25had the same effect as inhibition of Gβγ .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ , PI3K and the combination of GRK2 and Gβγ , the combination of PI3K and Gβγ in FLS were increased after the stimulation of CXCL12 , and CP-25 had an ability in reducing the membrane expression and the combination ofthese proteins .
CONCLUSION : Excessive migration of FLS in RA was associated with over-activation of PI3K/AKT signaling , and the activity of Gβγ was involved in the over-activation of PI3K/AKT .
CP-25 down-regulated CXCR4-Gβγ-PI3K/AKT signals by inhibiting GRK2-Gβγ complex membrane translocation .

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the effect of paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) on the migration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the mechanism focused on CXCR4-Gβγ-PI3K/AKT signaling.
METHODS: Human synovial tissues were collected from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression of CXCR4, GRK2, Gβγ, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT and p-AKT. Transwell was adopted to analyse the migration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) were used to detect the combination of GRK2 and Gβγ, the combination of PI3K and Gβγ.
RESULTS: The expression level of CXCR4, GRK2, Gβγ, p-p85 and p-AKT were increased in RA synovial tissue according to the results of IHC and Western blot. In vitro, the migration of FLS was increased after stimulation of CXCL12, inhibition of Gβγ suppressed the migration and phosphorylation of p85 and AKT induced by CXCL12 in FLS, and CP-25had the same effect as inhibition of Gβγ. The membrane expression of GRK2, Gβγ, PI3K and the combination of GRK2 and Gβγ, the combination of PI3K and Gβγ in FLS were increased after the stimulation of CXCL12, and CP-25 had an ability in reducing the membrane expression and the combination ofthese proteins.
CONCLUSION: Excessive migration of FLS in RA was associated with over-activation of PI3K/AKT signaling, and the activity of Gβγ was involved in the over-activation of PI3K/AKT. CP-25 down-regulated CXCR4-Gβγ-PI3K/AKT signals by inhibiting GRK2-Gβγ complex membrane translocation.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--Paeoniflorin attenuates myocardial fibrosis in isoprenaline-induced chronic heart failure.

Paeoniforin ( Pae ) is a monoterpenoid glycoside compound and has many biological activities , such as immunosuppression , anti-inflammation and anti-cell proliferation .
However , the effects and mechanisms of Pae on chronic heart failure ( CHF ) remain unclear .
This study was conducted to assess the effects and mechanisms of Pae on myocardial fbrosis in isoprenaline ( Iso ) -induced CHF rats .
Pae ( 20 mg/kg ) was intragastrically administrated to CHF rats for 6 weeks .
Cardiac structure and function were assessed .
The protein and mRNA levels of transforming growth factorβ1 ( TGF-β1 ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Iso group , Pae could alleviate myocardial fibrosis and improve cardiac function in CHF rats .
The levels of collagen volume fraction ( 13.75 % ±3.77 % vs. 30.97 % ±4.22 % , P < 0.001 ) and perivascular collagen volume area ( 14.32 % ±2.50 % vs. 28.31 % ±3.16 % , P < 0.001 ) were signifcantly reduced in Pae group as compared with those in Iso group .
The expression of TGF-β1 protein ( 0.30±0.07 vs. 0.66±0.07 , P < 0.05 ) and mRNA ( 3.51±0.44 vs. 7.58±0.58 , P @ @ @ @ @ @ @ group as compared with that in Iso group .
The expression of p38 protein ( 0.36±0.12 vs. 0.81±0.38 , P < 0.05 ) and mRNA ( 3.84±0.05 vs. 4.40±0.17 , P < 0.05 ) also decreased markedly in Pae group as compared with that in Iso group .
Pae could attenuate myocardial fbrosis and improve cardiac function in CHF rats by down-regulating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway .

Paeoniforin (Pae) is a monoterpenoid glycoside compound and has many biological activities, such as immunosuppression, anti-inflammation and anti-cell proliferation. However, the effects and mechanisms of Pae on chronic heart failure (CHF) remain unclear. This study was conducted to assess the effects and mechanisms of Pae on myocardial fbrosis in isoprenaline (Iso)-induced CHF rats. Pae (20 mg/kg) was intragastrically administrated to CHF rats for 6 weeks. Cardiac structure and function were assessed. The protein and mRNA levels of transforming growth factorβ1 (TGF-β1) and p38 were detected. Compared to Iso group, Pae could alleviate myocardial fibrosis and improve cardiac function in CHF rats. The levels of collagen volume fraction (13.75%±3.77% vs. 30.97%±4.22%, P<0.001) and perivascular collagen volume area (14.32%±2.50% vs. 28.31%±3.16%, P<0.001) were signifcantly reduced in Pae group as compared with those in Iso group. The expression of TGF-β1 protein (0.30±0.07 vs. 0.66±0.07, P<0.05) and mRNA (3.51±0.44 vs. 7.58±0.58, P<0.05) decreased signifcantly in Pae group as compared with that in Iso group. The expression of p38 protein (0.36±0.12 vs. 0.81±0.38, P<0.05) and mRNA (3.84±0.05 vs. 4.40±0.17, P<0.05) also decreased markedly in Pae group as compared with that in Iso group. Pae could attenuate myocardial fbrosis and improve cardiac function in CHF rats by down-regulating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--Paeoniflorin is a natural product with multiple targets in liver diseases.

Paeoniflorin is derived fromAndr.
, Pall.
, orLynch and has been used in traditional medical applications for more than 2,000 years .
Paeoniflorin is a monoterpenoid glycoside with various effects on liver diseases .
Recent studies have revealed that paeoniflorin demonstrates a wide range of activities , including hepatic protection , cholestasis alleviation , liver fibrosis attenuation , nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevention , and hepatocellular carcinoma inhibition involved in multiple pathways .
Moreover , anti-inflammation , antioxidation , and immune regulation with the regulation of TLR4-NF-κB , ROCK/NF-κB , HO-1 , mitochondria-dependent as well as HMGB1-TLR4 signaling pathways are @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease .
Antioxidative mechanisms , anti-inflammation , and hepatic transporter regulation involved in NOX4 , PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 , NF-κB , NTCP , BSEP , as well as MRP2 signals are mainly relevant to the anticholestatic effect of paeoniflorin .
The inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation and alleviation of extracellular matrix depositionvast signals such as mTOR/HIF-1α , TGF-β1/Smads , and JAK2/STAT6 are primarily involved in the antifibrotic effect of paeoniflorin .
The regulation of macrophages also contributes to the alleviation effect on liver fibrosis .
In addition , the reduction @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and the induction of apoptosis-related targets , including Bax , Bcl-2 , and caspase-3 , are related to its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma .
The literature indicates that paeoniflorin might have potent efficacy in complex liver diseases and demonstrates the profound medicinal value of paeoniflorin .

Paeoniflorin is derived fromAndr.,Pall., orLynch and has been used in traditional medical applications for more than 2,000 years. Paeoniflorin is a monoterpenoid glycoside with various effects on liver diseases. Recent studies have revealed that paeoniflorin demonstrates a wide range of activities, including hepatic protection, cholestasis alleviation, liver fibrosis attenuation, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevention, and hepatocellular carcinoma inhibition involved in multiple pathways. Moreover, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and immune regulation with the regulation of TLR4-NF-κB, ROCK/NF-κB, HO-1, mitochondria-dependent as well as HMGB1-TLR4 signaling pathways are correlated with hepatic protection in liver injury and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Antioxidative mechanisms, anti-inflammation, and hepatic transporter regulation involved in NOX4, PI3K/Akt/Nrf2, NF-κB, NTCP, BSEP, as well as MRP2 signals are mainly relevant to the anticholestatic effect of paeoniflorin. The inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation and alleviation of extracellular matrix depositionvast signals such as mTOR/HIF-1α, TGF-β1/Smads, and JAK2/STAT6 are primarily involved in the antifibrotic effect of paeoniflorin. The regulation of macrophages also contributes to the alleviation effect on liver fibrosis. In addition, the reduction of invasion, metastasis, and adhesion and the induction of apoptosis-related targets, including Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, are related to its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma. The literature indicates that paeoniflorin might have potent efficacy in complex liver diseases and demonstrates the profound medicinal value of paeoniflorin.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--These results suggest a potential therapeutic application of paeoniflorin on vitiligo.

Paeoniflorin ( PF ) possesses multiple biological functions including anti-oxidization .
PF is the major bioactive ingredient of total glycosides @ @ @ @ @ , which could promote re-pigmentation of vitiligo .
The study was sought to investigate the @ @ @ @ @ of PF on hydrogen peroxide ( HO ) -induced oxidative stress in melanocytes .
The @ @ @ @ @ 50µM PF significantly inhibited cell apoptosis , enhanced cell viability , and suppressed reactive oxygen @ @ @ @ @ by enhancing the productions of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and antioxidant enzymes catalase ( @ @ @ @ @ PF activated c-Jun amino terminal kinase ( ) and the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 @ @ @ @ @ ) pathway to counteract HO-induced oxidative damage in PIG1 and PIG3V .
Taken together , @ @ @ @ @ PF resists HO-induced oxidative stress in melanocytes probably by activatingsignaling , suggesting a potential therapeutic @ @ @ @ @ .

Paeoniflorin (PF) possesses multiple biological functions including anti-oxidization. PF is the major bioactive ingredient of total glycosides of paeony (TGP), which could promote re-pigmentation of vitiligo. The study was sought to investigate the effects and potential signaling pathways of PF on hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced oxidative stress in melanocytes. The results showed that pretreatment with 50µM PF significantly inhibited cell apoptosis, enhanced cell viability, and suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by enhancing the productions of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT). Furthermore, PF activated c-Jun amino terminal kinase () and the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 ()/heme oxygenase-1 () pathway to counteract HO-induced oxidative damage in PIG1 and PIG3V. Taken together, our study firstly demonstrates that PF resists HO-induced oxidative stress in melanocytes probably by activatingsignaling, suggesting a potential therapeutic application of PF on vitiligo.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--Paeoniflorin ameliorates ulcerative colitis by modulating the dendritic cell-mediated TH17/Treg bala

Paeoniflorin ameliorates ulcerative colitis by modulating the dendritic cell-mediated TH17/Treg balance

Immunological tolerance is critical for maintaining gut homeostasis .
An imbalance between interleukin-17 ( IL-17 ) -producing T helper 17 ( T17 ) cells and regulatory T cells ( Tcells ) is involved in ulcerative colitis ( UC ) pathogenesis .
Dendritic cells ( DCs ) are able to induce T cell differentiation .
Paeoniflorin ( PF ) is a monoterpene glucoside that is commonly used for treatment of autoimmune disease .
However , the immunological mechanism of PF involvement in UC treatment is unclear .
The present study aimed to explore whether PF can restore the T17/Tbalance by modulating @ @ @ @ @ @ @ DCs , T17 cells and Tcells were measured .
Furthermore , PF-treated DCs were injected into mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid ( TNBS ) -induced colitis .
PF inhibited MHC-II and CD86 expression on the DC surface ( P < 0.05 ) , decreased interleukin ( IL ) -12 secretion in vitro and in vivo ( P < 0.05 ) , and restored the T17/Tratio in the mouse model of colitis ( P < 0.05 ) .
PF-treated DCs diminished T17 differentiation ( 4.26 % in vitro and 1.64 % in vivo ) and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) while inducing CD4CD25Foxp3Tdifferentiation ( 7.82 % in vitro and 6.85 % in vivo ) and increasing Foxp3 and IL-10 production ( P < 0.05 ) .
Additionally , both PF and PF-treated DCs improved colonic histopathology in the mouse model of colitis ( P < 0.05 ) .
In conclusion this study suggested that PF can ameliorate TNBS-induced colitis by modulating the DC-mediated T17/Tbalance .

Immunological tolerance is critical for maintaining gut homeostasis. An imbalance between interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing T helper 17 (T17) cells and regulatory T cells (Tcells) is involved in ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are able to induce T cell differentiation. Paeoniflorin (PF) is a monoterpene glucoside that is commonly used for treatment of autoimmune disease. However, the immunological mechanism of PF involvement in UC treatment is unclear. The present study aimed to explore whether PF can restore the T17/Tbalance by modulating DCs. The effects of PF on DCs, T17 cells and Tcells were measured. Furthermore, PF-treated DCs were injected into mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. PF inhibited MHC-II and CD86 expression on the DC surface (P < 0.05), decreased interleukin (IL)-12 secretion in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.05), and restored the T17/Tratio in the mouse model of colitis (P < 0.05). PF-treated DCs diminished T17 differentiation (4.26% in vitro and 1.64% in vivo) and decreased IL-17 expression (P < 0.05) while inducing CD4CD25Foxp3Tdifferentiation (7.82% in vitro and 6.85% in vivo) and increasing Foxp3 and IL-10 production (P < 0.05). Additionally, both PF and PF-treated DCs improved colonic histopathology in the mouse model of colitis (P < 0.05). In conclusion this study suggested that PF can ameliorate TNBS-induced colitis by modulating the DC-mediated T17/Tbalance.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--Paeoniflorin could regulate HPA axis dysfunction in a rat model of PTSD.

Objectives : To investigate the effects of paeoniflorin ( PEF ) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ( HPA ) axis feedback function of post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) .
Materials and Methods : Single-prolonged stress ( SPS ) was used to establish a PTSD-like rat model .
The contents of plasma corticosterone ( CORT ) , adrenocorticotropin hormone ( ACTH ) and corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH ) were measured by ELISA .
Glucocorticoid receptor ( GR ) , mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR ) , adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing factor I receptor ( CRF1R ) , and adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing factor II receptor ( CRF2R @ @ @ @ @ @ @ measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry .
Results : The results showed that on day 8 after SPS , model rats showed enhanced HPA axis negative feedback lasting to day 29 .
On day 29 , plasma CORT levels increased in model rats , while plasma CRH levels had no significant difference on days 8 , 22 , and 29 .
The expression of GR and MR of model rats significantly increased in the hippocampus , while the expression of GR , MR , and CRF1R significantly decreased in the amygdala .
After 14 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the enhanced negative feedback was inhibited , and the plasma CORT level significantly reduced after 21 days of administration .
Moreover , PEF could significantly decrease the expression of GR and MR in the hippocampus , and increase the expression of GR , MR , and CRF1R significantly in the amygdala .
Conclusion : PEF could regulate HPA axis dysfunction in a rat model of PTSD , which may be related to regulating expression of GR and MR in the hippocampus and amygdala and regulating expression of CRF1R in the amygdala .

Objectives: To investigate the effects of paeoniflorin (PEF) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis feedback function of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Materials and Methods: Single-prolonged stress (SPS) was used to establish a PTSD-like rat model. The contents of plasma corticosterone (CORT), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) were measured by ELISA. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing factor I receptor (CRF1R), and adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing factor II receptor (CRF2R) in the hippocampus and amygdala were measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.
Results: The results showed that on day 8 after SPS, model rats showed enhanced HPA axis negative feedback lasting to day 29. On day 29, plasma CORT levels increased in model rats, while plasma CRH levels had no significant difference on days 8, 22, and 29. The expression of GR and MR of model rats significantly increased in the hippocampus, while the expression of GR, MR, and CRF1R significantly decreased in the amygdala. After 14 days of continuous administration of PEF, the enhanced negative feedback was inhibited, and the plasma CORT level significantly reduced after 21 days of administration. Moreover, PEF could significantly decrease the expression of GR and MR in the hippocampus, and increase the expression of GR, MR, and CRF1R significantly in the amygdala.
Conclusion: PEF could regulate HPA axis dysfunction in a rat model of PTSD, which may be related to regulating expression of GR and MR in the hippocampus and amygdala and regulating expression of CRF1R in the amygdala.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--UVA induced oxidative stress was inhibited by paeoniflorin.

Photodamages caused by UVA radiation induced oxidative injuries are closely related to photoaging and skin cancer .
Paeoniflorin ( PF ) , extracted from the root of Paeonia lactiflora , has been reported to be an effective antioxidant .
PLIN2 , known as adipose differentiation-related protein , has been previously involved in the regulation of oxidative stress .
In this study , we were sought to investigate the photo-protective property of PF and PLIN2 in UVA-radiated human dermal fibroblasts ( HDFs ) .
HDFs were pre-treated with PF ( 800μM ) followed by UVA radiation ( 22.5 J/cm2 ) .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ , MDA , and SOD were detected , respectively .
The expressions of Nrf2 , HO-1 , NQ-O1 , and PLIN2 were determined using RT-qPCR or western blot .
Nrf2 was silenced by siRNA , and PLIN2 was overexpressedlentiviral transduction .
Comparing to the UVA radiation , PF pre-treatment could prominently increase the MTS activity , decrease cell apoptosis , reduce the generations of ROS and MDA , increase the activity of SOD and increase the expression of Nrf2 and its target genes HO-1 and NQ-O1 .
When Nrf2 was knocked down , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ addition , UVA induced oxidative stress led to upregulation of PLIN2 and the latter could be decreased by PF .
Overexpression of PLIN2 improved MTS activity and reduced MDA level in HDFs .
The combination of PLIN2 overexpression and PF pre-treatment corporately inhibited UVA-induced injury .
Besides , we also found that PF and PLIN2 had a compensatory protection against UVA induced oxidative stress .
In conclusion , our study demonstrated that UVA induced photodamages could be inhibited by PFNrf2/HO-1/NQ-O1 signaling pathway or by PLIN2 , and the combination of PLIN2 overexpression and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ stress .

Photodamages caused by UVA radiation induced oxidative injuries are closely related to photoaging and skin cancer. Paeoniflorin (PF), extracted from the root of Paeonia lactiflora, has been reported to be an effective antioxidant. PLIN2, known as adipose differentiation-related protein, has been previously involved in the regulation of oxidative stress. In this study, we were sought to investigate the photo-protective property of PF and PLIN2 in UVA-radiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). HDFs were pre-treated with PF (800μM) followed by UVA radiation (22.5 J/cm2). MTS activity, cell apoptosis, ROS, MDA, and SOD were detected, respectively. The expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, NQ-O1, and PLIN2 were determined using RT-qPCR or western blot. Nrf2 was silenced by siRNA, and PLIN2 was overexpressedlentiviral transduction. Comparing to the UVA radiation, PF pre-treatment could prominently increase the MTS activity, decrease cell apoptosis, reduce the generations of ROS and MDA, increase the activity of SOD and increase the expression of Nrf2 and its target genes HO-1 and NQ-O1. When Nrf2 was knocked down, PF lost above protective properties. In addition, UVA induced oxidative stress led to upregulation of PLIN2 and the latter could be decreased by PF. Overexpression of PLIN2 improved MTS activity and reduced MDA level in HDFs. The combination of PLIN2 overexpression and PF pre-treatment corporately inhibited UVA-induced injury. Besides, we also found that PF and PLIN2 had a compensatory protection against UVA induced oxidative stress. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that UVA induced photodamages could be inhibited by PFNrf2/HO-1/NQ-O1 signaling pathway or by PLIN2, and the combination of PLIN2 overexpression and PF played additive effects against UVA-related oxidative stress.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--Biosecurity and Politics (Giorgio Agamben)

Below is a translation of a blog post by Giorgio Agamben titled “ Biosecurity and Politics , ” published on Medium and referenced in James Corbett 's recent video How Will WWIII Be Fought ?
, which is of profound significance to our present times , as it provides the historical and geopolitical context for COVID-19 [ 84 ] : '' What is striking about the reactions to the apparatuses of exception that have been put in place in our country ( and not only in this one ) is the inability to observe them beyond the immediate context in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ are those who attempt to interpret them as symptoms and signs of a broader experiment — as any serious political analysis would require — in which what is at stake is a new paradigm for the governance of men and things .
Already in a book published seven years ago , now worth rereading carefully ( Tempêtes microbiennes , Gallimard 2013 ) , Patrick Zylberman described the process by which health security , hitherto on the margins of political calculations , was becoming an essential part of state and international political strategies .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ creation of a sort of “ health terror ” as an instrument for governing what are called “ worst case scenarios.
” It is according to this logic of the worst that already in 2005 the World Health Organization announced “ 2 to 150 million deaths from bird flu approaching , ” suggesting a political strategy that states were not yet ready to accept at the time .
Zylberman shows that the apparatus being suggested was articulated in three points : 1 ) the construction , on the basis of a possible risk @ @ @ @ @ @ @ data are presented in such a way as to promote behaviors that allow for governing an extreme situation ; 2 ) the adoption of the logic of the worst as a regime of political rationality ; 3 ) the total organization of the body of citizens in a way that strengthens maximum adherence to institutions of government , producing a sort of superlative good citizenship in which imposed obligations are presented as evidence of altruism and the citizen no longer has a right to health ( health safety ) but becomes juridically obliged @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Zylberman described in 2013 has now been duly confirmed .
It is evident that , apart from the emergency situation , linked to a certain virus that may in the future be replaced by another , at issue is the design of a paradigm of governance whose efficacy will exceed that of all forms of government known thus far in the political history of the West .
If already , in the progressive decline of ideologies and political beliefs , security reasons allowed citizens to accept limitations on their liberty that they previously @ @ @ @ @ @ @ shown itself capable of presenting the absolute cessation of all political activity and all social relations as the maximum form of civic participation .
Thus it was possible to see the paradox of organizations of the left , traditionally in the habit of claiming rights and denouncing violations of the constitution , accepting limitations on liberty made by ministerial decree devoid of any legal basis and which even fascism couldn ’ t dream of imposing .
It is evident — and government authorities themselves do not cease to remind us of it — @ @ @ @ @ @ @ become the model of politics that awaits us , and that ( as representatives of a so-called “ task force ” announced , whose members are in an obvious conflict of interest with the role that they are expected to exercise ) advantage will be taken of this distancing to substitute digital technological apparatuses everywhere in place of human physicality , which as such becomes suspect of contagion ( political contagion , let it be understood ) .
University lessons , as MIUR has already recommended , will be stably online from next @ @ @ @ @ @ @ yourself by looking at your face , which might be covered with a mask , but through digital devices that recognize bio-data which is compulsorily collected ; and any “ crowd , ” whether formed for political reasons or simply for friendship , will continue to be prohibited .
At issue is an entire conception of the destinies of human society from a perspective that , in many ways , seems to have adopted the apocalyptic idea of the end of the world from religions which are now in their sunset .
Having @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in order to secure governance even this must be integrated with the new paradigm of biosecurity , to which all other exigencies will have to be sacrificed .
It is legitimate to ask whether such a society can still be defined as human or whether the loss of sensible relations , of the face , of friendship , of love can be truly compensated for by an abstract and presumably completely fictitious health security .
”

Visit our Re-post guidelines This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2021
Below is a translation of a blog post by Giorgio Agamben titled “Biosecurity and Politics,” published on Medium and referenced in James Corbett's recent video How Will WWIII Be Fought?, which is of profound significance to our present times, as it provides the historical and geopolitical context for COVID-19[84]:
"What is striking about the reactions to the apparatuses of exception that have been put in place in our country (and not only in this one) is the inability to observe them beyond the immediate context in which they seem to operate. Rare are those who attempt to interpret them as symptoms and signs of a broader experiment — as any serious political analysis would require — in which what is at stake is a new paradigm for the governance of men and things. Already in a book published seven years ago, now worth rereading carefully (Tempêtes microbiennes, Gallimard 2013), Patrick Zylberman described the process by which health security, hitherto on the margins of political calculations, was becoming an essential part of state and international political strategies. At issue is nothing less than the creation of a sort of “health terror” as an instrument for governing what are called “worst case scenarios.” It is according to this logic of the worst that already in 2005 the World Health Organization announced “2 to 150 million deaths from bird flu approaching,” suggesting a political strategy that states were not yet ready to accept at the time. Zylberman shows that the apparatus being suggested was articulated in three points: 1) the construction, on the basis of a possible risk, of a fictitious scenario in which data are presented in such a way as to promote behaviors that allow for governing an extreme situation; 2) the adoption of the logic of the worst as a regime of political rationality; 3) the total organization of the body of citizens in a way that strengthens maximum adherence to institutions of government, producing a sort of superlative good citizenship in which imposed obligations are presented as evidence of altruism and the citizen no longer has a right to health (health safety) but becomes juridically obliged to health (biosecurity).
What Zylberman described in 2013 has now been duly confirmed. It is evident that, apart from the emergency situation, linked to a certain virus that may in the future be replaced by another, at issue is the design of a paradigm of governance whose efficacy will exceed that of all forms of government known thus far in the political history of the West. If already, in the progressive decline of ideologies and political beliefs, security reasons allowed citizens to accept limitations on their liberty that they previously were unwilling to accept, biosecurity has shown itself capable of presenting the absolute cessation of all political activity and all social relations as the maximum form of civic participation. Thus it was possible to see the paradox of organizations of the left, traditionally in the habit of claiming rights and denouncing violations of the constitution, accepting limitations on liberty made by ministerial decree devoid of any legal basis and which even fascism couldn’t dream of imposing.
It is evident — and government authorities themselves do not cease to remind us of it — that so-called “social distancing” will become the model of politics that awaits us, and that (as representatives of a so-called “task force” announced, whose members are in an obvious conflict of interest with the role that they are expected to exercise) advantage will be taken of this distancing to substitute digital technological apparatuses everywhere in place of human physicality, which as such becomes suspect of contagion (political contagion, let it be understood). University lessons, as MIUR has already recommended, will be stably online from next year; you will no longer recognize yourself by looking at your face, which might be covered with a mask, but through digital devices that recognize bio-data which is compulsorily collected; and any “crowd,” whether formed for political reasons or simply for friendship, will continue to be prohibited.
At issue is an entire conception of the destinies of human society from a perspective that, in many ways, seems to have adopted the apocalyptic idea of the end of the world from religions which are now in their sunset. Having replaced politics with the economy, now in order to secure governance even this must be integrated with the new paradigm of biosecurity, to which all other exigencies will have to be sacrificed. It is legitimate to ask whether such a society can still be defined as human or whether the loss of sensible relations, of the face, of friendship, of love can be truly compensated for by an abstract and presumably completely fictitious health security.”


greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--Application of paeoniflorin represents a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cutaneous w

Application of paeoniflorin represents a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cutaneous wounds.

The treatment of wounds remains a clinical challenge because of poor angiogenesis under the wound bed , and increasingly , the patients ' need for functional and aesthetically pleasing scars .
For the wound healing process , new blood vessels which can deliver nutrients and oxygen to the wound area are necessary .
In this study , we investigated the pro-angiogenesis ability and mechanism in wound healing of paeoniflorin ( PF ) , which is a traditional Chinese medicine .
In our in vitro results , the ability for proliferation , migration and in vitro angiogenesis in human umbilical vein @ @ @ @ @ @ @ PF ( 1.25-5 μM ) .
Meanwhile , molecular docking studies revealed that PF has excellent binding abilities to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase ( PI3K ) and protein kinase B ( AKT ) , and consistent with our western blot results , that PF suppressed PI3K and AKT phosphorylation .
Furthermore , to investigate the healing effect of PF in vivo , we constructed a full-thickness cutaneous wound model in rats .
PF stimulated the cellular proliferation status , collagen matrix deposition and remodeling processes in vitro and new blood vessel formation at the wound bed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ administration of 10 mg·kg·dayin vivo .
Overall , PF performed the pro-angiogenetic effect in vitro and accelerating wound healing in vivo .
In summary , the capacity for angiogenesis in endothelial cells could be enhanced by PF treatment via the PI3K/AKT pathway in vitro and could accelerate the wound healing process in vivo through collagen deposition and angiogenesis in regenerated tissue .
This study provides evidence that application of PF represents a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cutaneous wounds .

The treatment of wounds remains a clinical challenge because of poor angiogenesis under the wound bed, and increasingly, the patients' need for functional and aesthetically pleasing scars. For the wound healing process, new blood vessels which can deliver nutrients and oxygen to the wound area are necessary. In this study, we investigated the pro-angiogenesis ability and mechanism in wound healing of paeoniflorin (PF), which is a traditional Chinese medicine. In our in vitro results, the ability for proliferation, migration and in vitro angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was promoted by coculturing with PF (1.25-5 μM). Meanwhile, molecular docking studies revealed that PF has excellent binding abilities to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT), and consistent with our western blot results, that PF suppressed PI3K and AKT phosphorylation. Furthermore, to investigate the healing effect of PF in vivo, we constructed a full-thickness cutaneous wound model in rats. PF stimulated the cellular proliferation status, collagen matrix deposition and remodeling processes in vitro and new blood vessel formation at the wound bed resulting in efficient wound healing after intragastric administration of 10 mg·kg·dayin vivo. Overall, PF performed the pro-angiogenetic effect in vitro and accelerating wound healing in vivo. In summary, the capacity for angiogenesis in endothelial cells could be enhanced by PF treatment via the PI3K/AKT pathway in vitro and could accelerate the wound healing process in vivo through collagen deposition and angiogenesis in regenerated tissue. This study provides evidence that application of PF represents a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cutaneous wounds.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-18--OSHA SAYS MASKS DON'T WORK -- AND VIOLATE OSHA OXYGEN LEVELS

Peggy Hall from www.TheHealthyAmerican.org explains how the US .
Department of Labor Occupational and Safety and Health Administration 's guidelines @ @ @ @ @ masks do n't work to reduce transmission of COVID-19 , and how they deplete the @ @ @ @ @ health effects .
• Dr. Blaylock : Face Masks Pose Serious Risks to the Healthy @ @ @ @ @ Mask to Prevent COVID-19 ?
Relevant links from the video above : OSHA example of @ @ @ @ @ deficient atmosphere is leading cause of fatalities : https : //www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ship ... CAL-OSHA states , @ @ @ @ @ not protective equipment and do not protect the person wearing a cloth face cover from @ @ @ @ @ //dir.ca.gov/dosh/coronavirus/C ...

Peggy Hall from www.TheHealthyAmerican.org explains how the US. Department of Labor Occupational and Safety and Health Administration's guidelines clearly show cloth and surgical masks don't work to reduce transmission of COVID-19, and how they deplete the body of oxygen causing adverse health effects.
[Update: Peggy followed up with a second video below titled, "Your Mask Protects Me?"]
For additional relevant research read:
Relevant links from the video above:
GovernmentOSHA says Cloth Masks and Surgical Masks Don't Work: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/covid-19/co...
OSHA defines oxygen deficient atmosphere as below 19.5% :https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regula...
OSHA example of shipyard, where "oxygen deficient atmosphere is leading cause of fatalities: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ship...
CAL-OSHA states, "Cloth face covers are not protective equipment and do not protect the person wearing a cloth face cover from COVID-19." https://dir.ca.gov/dosh/coronavirus/C...
File a workplace safety complaint: https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/Complaint... Stay tuned for OSHA part two!
The decision to wear a mask is highly personal and should not be universally mandated; measures that are meant to protect the community are ineffective if they hurt individuals in that community. Please email and tweet your state and local officials now and urge them to do their part to make sure that mask-wearing is voluntary, not mandatory.
TAKE ACTION NOW


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--The review found statistical evidence that moringa decreased blood glucose.

Diabetes is an increasingly problematic health concern in the United States .
Moringa oleifera ( M. oleifera ) has been suggested as medication in the prevention or treatment of diabetes , but there is no convincing evidence of a causal relation between moringa and decreased blood sugar levels in humans .
The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the effects of Moringa oleifera on blood glucose levels in rats and humans .
A search of Scopus , Ovid Medline , Ovid Embase , IPA , and Web of Science and manual searching of bibliographies were performed for peer-reviewed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 2008 and May 1 , 2018 .
This review included thirty studies .
Out of seven human studies , five found that M. oleifera significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic patients .
Out of twenty-three animal studies , twenty-one found that administration of M. oleifera led to a statistically significant decrease in animal blood glucose levels .
In human studies , moringa was mostly administered in a powdered leaf form , while in animal studies it was frequently administered to as an aqueous or ethanol-based extract .
The review found statistical evidence @ @ @ @ @ @ @ evidence is not strong enough to recommend it as the default treatment for people with diabetes .

Diabetes is an increasingly problematic health concern in the United States. Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) has been suggested as medication in the prevention or treatment of diabetes, but there is no convincing evidence of a causal relation between moringa and decreased blood sugar levels in humans. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the effects of Moringa oleifera on blood glucose levels in rats and humans. A search of Scopus, Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, IPA, and Web of Science and manual searching of bibliographies were performed for peer-reviewed English articles published between May 1, 2008 and May 1, 2018. This review included thirty studies. Out of seven human studies, five found that M. oleifera significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Out of twenty-three animal studies, twenty-one found that administration of M. oleifera led to a statistically significant decrease in animal blood glucose levels. In human studies, moringa was mostly administered in a powdered leaf form, while in animal studies it was frequently administered to as an aqueous or ethanol-based extract. The review found statistical evidence that moringa decreased blood glucose; the evidence is not strong enough to recommend it as the default treatment for people with diabetes.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--Face Masks Harm Children and Some Have Even Died - But California Governor Dictates Everyone to Wear

Face Masks Harm Children and Some Have Even Died - But California Governor Dictates Everyone to Wear Them

This website is for information purposes only .
By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing , treating @ @ @ @ @ or preventing any type of disease or medical condition .
Before beginning any type of @ @ @ @ @ treatment regimen , it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional @

This website is for information purposes only. By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing, treating, curing, mitigating, or preventing any type of disease or medical condition. Before beginning any type of natural, integrative or conventional treatment regimen, it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional.
© Copyright 2008-2023 GreenMedInfo.com, Journal Articles copyright of original owners, MeSH copyright NLM.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--Moringa leaf extract has anticoccidial, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activities in mice infected

Moringa leaf extract has anticoccidial, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activities in mice infected with Eimeria papillata.

BACKGROUND : Coccidiosis is an intestinal disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria and responsible for considerable economic loss in the livestock and poultry industries .
Resistance to the current anticoccidial drugs is now a major challenge to efforts to control the disease , and this has stimulated the search for new compounds as alternative treatments .
In this context , plant extracts have emerged as an alternative and complementary approach to control coccidiosis .
In the present study , an ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves was screened for its anticoccidial activity against Eimeria papillata infection in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , albino mice were allocated into three groups : the first group was the non-infected control ; the second and third groups were infected with 10E .
papillata oocysts .
Of these , the second group was kept as an infected control ; while the third group was gavaged with 100 μl of moringa leaf extract ( MLE ) at a dose of 400 mg MLE/kg , once daily , for five days .
RESULTS : MLE significantly suppressed oocyst excretion in faeces , and histological study of the jejunum showed a significant @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , with significant improvement in the numbers of goblet cells .
Furthermore , the expression of MUC2 gene was upregulated in the treated mice compared with infected , which further supports the anticoccidial potential of MLE .
Moreover , our study evidenced that MLE reduced oxidative damage by decreasing TBARS and iNOS expression , and increasing the GSH and GPX levels .
Also , treatment with MLE promoted the expression of Bcl-2 and ultimately , inhibited the apoptosis of host cells in the treated mice .
CONCLUSION : Our data indicate that MLE @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in mice infected with Eimeria papillata .

BACKGROUND: Coccidiosis is an intestinal disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria and responsible for considerable economic loss in the livestock and poultry industries. Resistance to the current anticoccidial drugs is now a major challenge to efforts to control the disease, and this has stimulated the search for new compounds as alternative treatments. In this context, plant extracts have emerged as an alternative and complementary approach to control coccidiosis. In the present study, an ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves was screened for its anticoccidial activity against Eimeria papillata infection in mice.
METHODS: To this end, albino mice were allocated into three groups: the first group was the non-infected control; the second and third groups were infected with 10E. papillata oocysts. Of these, the second group was kept as an infected control; while the third group was gavaged with 100 μl of moringa leaf extract (MLE) at a dose of 400 mg MLE/kg, once daily, for five days.
RESULTS: MLE significantly suppressed oocyst excretion in faeces, and histological study of the jejunum showed a significant decrease in the number of parasitic stages, with significant improvement in the numbers of goblet cells. Furthermore, the expression of MUC2 gene was upregulated in the treated mice compared with infected, which further supports the anticoccidial potential of MLE. Moreover, our study evidenced that MLE reduced oxidative damage by decreasing TBARS and iNOS expression, and increasing the GSH and GPX levels. Also, treatment with MLE promoted the expression of Bcl-2 and ultimately, inhibited the apoptosis of host cells in the treated mice.
CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that MLE has anticoccidial, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activities in mice infected with Eimeria papillata.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--Moringa oleifera leaves ethanolic extract influences DNA damage signalling pathways to protect liver

Moringa oleifera leaves ethanolic extract influences DNA damage signalling pathways to protect liver tissue from cobalt.

This study assessed the potential of Moringa oleifera leaves ethanol extract ( MLEE ) in attenuating the detrimental effects of cobalt dichloride ( CoCl ) on rat liver .
Forty rats were assigned to five equal groups : control group , MLEE-treated group , CoCl-treated group , prophylaxis co-treated group , and therapeutic co-treated group .
The levels of Co , hepatic injury markers , total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) , and oxidative stress biomarkers ( reactive oxygen species [ ROS ] and protein carbonyl [ PC ] ) were evaluated .
Comet assay was used to evaluate the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the expression profile of DNA-damage effector genes was assayed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qRT-PCR ) analysis .
Immunohistochemical analysis of heat shock protein ( HSP-70 ) in hepatocytes was conducted .
The results showed that the exposure of CoClto rats resulted in declined TAC , elevated oxidative injury , and induced DNA damage markers .
Upregulation of mRNA expression of tumor suppressor protein ( P53 ) , apoptosis inducing factor ( AIF ) , and apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 ( Apaf-1 ) was observed .
The immunostaining density of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Thus , MLEE reduced the CoCl-induced genotoxicity by preventing CoCl-induced generation of ROS , and protected against ROS mediated-oxidative injury and DNA damage .
Moreover , the expression of DNA damage effector genes was affected .
Based on these results , we conclude that MLEE is more effective when administered as a prophylactic regimen with the exposure to CoCl .

This study assessed the potential of Moringa oleifera leaves ethanol extract (MLEE) in attenuating the detrimental effects of cobalt dichloride (CoCl) on rat liver. Forty rats were assigned to five equal groups: control group, MLEE-treated group, CoCl-treated group, prophylaxis co-treated group, and therapeutic co-treated group. The levels of Co, hepatic injury markers, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress biomarkers (reactive oxygen species [ROS] and protein carbonyl [PC]) were evaluated. Comet assay was used to evaluate the extent of DNA damage. Further, the expression profile of DNA-damage effector genes was assayed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis of heat shock protein (HSP-70) in hepatocytes was conducted. The results showed that the exposure of CoClto rats resulted in declined TAC, elevated oxidative injury, and induced DNA damage markers. Upregulation of mRNA expression of tumor suppressor protein (P53), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) was observed. The immunostaining density of HSP-70 expression was found to be elevated. Thus, MLEE reduced the CoCl-induced genotoxicity by preventing CoCl-induced generation of ROS, and protected against ROS mediated-oxidative injury and DNA damage. Moreover, the expression of DNA damage effector genes was affected. Based on these results, we conclude that MLEE is more effective when administered as a prophylactic regimen with the exposure to CoCl.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--The ameliorative impacts of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against oxidative stress and methotrexate-

The ameliorative impacts of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against oxidative stress and methotrexate-induced hepato-renal dysfunction.

Moringa Oleifera ( MO ) is a herbal plant native to South Asia known for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties .
This study explored the protective effects of MO leaf extract ( MOLE ) against oxidative stress and hepatic and renal injuries caused by methotrexate ( MTX ) therapy .
Mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg body weight MTX to induce hepatic and kidney injuries .
They then received 300 mg/kg body weight of MOLE orally for seven days , followed by MTX on day 7 then five more days of MOLE ( 12 days total ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were collected from all groups and the following biochemical parameters were tested : serum alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) , catalase , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) and total proteins .
Quantitative real time PCR ( qRT-PCR ) was used to examine Nrf2 , HO-1 , BAX , TIMP , XIAP , and NFkB , which are associated with apoptosis , anti-apoptosis and oxidative stress .
Capase-9 and Bcl2 genes underwent immunohistochemical analysis .
Pretreatment with MOLE reduced the effect of MTX @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , and reversed its effect on serum and tissue antioxidants .
Nrf2/HO-1 , apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expression was regulated , and Bax and TIMP were reduced ; XIAP expression was increased in both the liver and kidney samples , and immunoreactivity of caspase-9 and Bcl2 was restored in the MOLE-administered experimental group .
Overall , the study concluded that MOLE can inhibit the effects of hepato-renal injuries caused by MTX by regulating oxidative stress , apoptosis and anti-apoptotic genes at biochemical , molecular and cellular levels .

Moringa Oleifera (MO) is a herbal plant native to South Asia known for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study explored the protective effects of MO leaf extract (MOLE) against oxidative stress and hepatic and renal injuries caused by methotrexate (MTX) therapy. Mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg body weight MTX to induce hepatic and kidney injuries. They then received 300 mg/kg body weight of MOLE orally for seven days, followed by MTX on day 7 then five more days of MOLE (12 days total). Blood, liver and kidney samples were collected from all groups and the following biochemical parameters were tested: serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total proteins. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to examine Nrf2, HO-1, BAX, TIMP, XIAP, and NFkB, which are associated with apoptosis, anti-apoptosis and oxidative stress. Capase-9 and Bcl2 genes underwent immunohistochemical analysis. Pretreatment with MOLE reduced the effect of MTX on ALT, AST and total proteins, and reversed its effect on serum and tissue antioxidants. Nrf2/HO-1, apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expression was regulated, and Bax and TIMP were reduced; XIAP expression was increased in both the liver and kidney samples, and immunoreactivity of caspase-9 and Bcl2 was restored in the MOLE-administered experimental group. Overall, the study concluded that MOLE can inhibit the effects of hepato-renal injuries caused by MTX by regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis and anti-apoptotic genes at biochemical, molecular and cellular levels.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--Alleviation of lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity by Moringa oleifera extract.

Lead ( Pb ) is an environmental toxicant ; its consumption can induce renal deficits .
In this study , we explored the possible protective efficiency of Moringa oleifera extract ( MOE ) against lead acetate ( PbAc ) -mediated reprotoxicity .
Four experimental groups of seven rats each were used : control , PbAc , MOE , and MOE+PbAc groups .
All groups were given their respective treatment for 4 weeks .
PbAc impaired the oxidative/antioxidative balance in the renal tissue , as shown by the decreased antioxidant proteins ( glutathione , glutathione reductase , glutathione peroxidase , catalase @ @ @ @ @ @ @ oxidants ( lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide ) .
Additionally , PbAc enhanced the progression of kidney inflammation by increasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha , interleukin-1 beta , and nuclear factor kappa B associated with upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase .
Moreover , a dysregulation in the apoptotic-regulating proteins ( Bax , caspase-3 , and Bcl2 ) were recorded upon PbAc exposure .
Remarkably , MOE oral administration restored redox homeostasis , suppressed the inflammatory and apoptotic responses in the kidney tissue .
Our findings point out that MOE could be used as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ effects of Pb exposure , which may be due to its potent antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , and anti-apoptotic effects .

Lead (Pb) is an environmental toxicant; its consumption can induce renal deficits. In this study, we explored the possible protective efficiency of Moringa oleifera extract (MOE) against lead acetate (PbAc)-mediated reprotoxicity. Four experimental groups of seven rats each were used: control, PbAc, MOE, and MOE+PbAc groups. All groups were given their respective treatment for 4 weeks. PbAc impaired the oxidative/antioxidative balance in the renal tissue, as shown by the decreased antioxidant proteins (glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and increased oxidants (lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide). Additionally,PbAc enhanced the progression of kidney inflammation by increasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and nuclear factor kappa B associated with upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Moreover, a dysregulation in the apoptotic-regulating proteins (Bax, caspase-3, and Bcl2) were recorded upon PbAc exposure. Remarkably, MOE oral administration restored redox homeostasis, suppressed the inflammatory and apoptotic responses in the kidney tissue. Our findings point out that MOE could be used as an alternative remedy to overcome the adverse effects of Pb exposure, which may be due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--These results provided a fundament for the using of phenolic-rich fraction of Moringa oleifera leave

These results provided a fundament for the using of phenolic-rich fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves to treat skin cancer effectively.

Lam .
has long been used to treat many diseases , including diabetes , aging , inflammatory , and cancer .
Many studies have revealed that the crude extract ofLam .
leaves possesses anticancer property .
Therefore , in this study , the extract ofleaves was fractionated using different solvents to figure out the most effective fraction for anti-proliferative effect on melanoma cells .
Methanol extract ( MO-ME ) , hexane fraction ( MO-HE ) , chloroform fraction ( MO-CH ) , ethyl acetate fraction ( MO-EA ) , and water-soluble fraction ( MO-WA ) ofleaves were prepared .
Total @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The anti-proliferative activity on melanoma cells and normal cells was investigated using WST-1 assay .
The apoptotic activity was assessed by testing DNA condensation , DNA fragmentation , and phosphatidylserine ( PS ) externalization .
The expression of apoptosis-related genes , the mitochondrial depolarization , and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) were then examined to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms .
In this regard , MO-ME , MO-EA , and MO-CH inhibited the proliferation of both A375 human melanoma cells and A2058 human melanoma cells , but had little effect on WS1 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ human dermal fibroblasts ( NHDF ) .
Among fractions , the phenolic-rich MO-EA markedly inhibited the growth of A375 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner .
The anti-proliferation was supposed to be mediated via apoptosis , which was demonstrated by the significant increase of condensed chromatin , DNA fragmentation , and PS externalization .
The apoptosis was stimulated by enhanced ROS production and reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential .
MO-EA activated Bax while reducing Bcl-2 expression , leading to an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio .
The mechanisms of cell death involved in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ pathway ) , activation , and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor ( AIF ) into the nucleus ( Caspase-independent pathway ) .
Our study indicated that the phenolic-rich fraction exerted significant anticancer effects on melanoma cellswhich involved in Caspase-dependent and Caspase-independent apoptosis pathways mediated by mitochondrial ROS .
These results provided a fundament for the using of phenolic-rich fraction ofleaves to treat skin cancer effectively .

Lam. has long been used to treat many diseases, including diabetes, aging, inflammatory, and cancer. Many studies have revealed that the crude extract ofLam. leaves possesses anticancer property. Therefore, in this study, the extract ofleaves was fractionated using different solvents to figure out the most effective fraction for anti-proliferative effect on melanoma cells. Methanol extract (MO-ME), hexane fraction (MO-HE), chloroform fraction (MO-CH), ethyl acetate fraction (MO-EA), and water-soluble fraction (MO-WA) ofleaves were prepared. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. The anti-proliferative activity on melanoma cells and normal cells was investigated using WST-1 assay. The apoptotic activity was assessed by testing DNA condensation, DNA fragmentation, and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. The expression of apoptosis-related genes, the mitochondrial depolarization, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were then examined to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this regard, MO-ME, MO-EA, and MO-CH inhibited the proliferation of both A375 human melanoma cells and A2058 human melanoma cells, but had little effect on WS1 normal human skin fibroblasts and primary normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). Among fractions, the phenolic-rich MO-EA markedly inhibited the growth of A375 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The anti-proliferation was supposed to be mediated via apoptosis, which was demonstrated by the significant increase of condensed chromatin, DNA fragmentation, and PS externalization. The apoptosis was stimulated by enhanced ROS production and reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential. MO-EA activated Bax while reducing Bcl-2 expression, leading to an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The mechanisms of cell death involved in activation of Caspase-3/7 and Caspase-9 (Caspase-dependent pathway), activation, and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) into the nucleus (Caspase-independent pathway). Our study indicated that the phenolic-rich fraction exerted significant anticancer effects on melanoma cellswhich involved in Caspase-dependent and Caspase-independent apoptosis pathways mediated by mitochondrial ROS. These results provided a fundament for the using of phenolic-rich fraction ofleaves to treat skin cancer effectively.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--Moringa oleifera leaf and seed inclusive diets influenced the restoration of biochemicals associated

Moringa oleifera leaf and seed inclusive diets influenced the restoration of biochemicals associated with erectile dysfunction in the penile tissue of STZ-induced diabetes.

We aim to evaluate the effect of Moringa leaf ( ML ) and seed ( MS ) inclusive diets on @ @ @ @ @ AChE ) , monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) , angiotensin-I converting enzyme ( ACE ) @ @ @ @ @ ) and arginase activities , and thiobarbituric acid reactive species ( TBARS ) level ] @ @ @ @ @ ED ) in the penile tissue of diabetic male rats treated with/without Acarbose ( ACA @ @ @ @ @ BW streptozotocin ( STZ ) -induced diabetic rats were fed with ML and MS inclusive @ @ @ @ @ for 14 days .
The result indicated that AChE , MAO , ADA , ACE @ @ @ @ @ as well as TBARS level were ( p

We aim to evaluate the effect of Moringa leaf (ML) and seed (MS) inclusive diets on critical biomarkers [acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO), angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), adenosine deiminase (ADA) and arginase activities, and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) level] associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) in the penile tissue of diabetic male rats treated with/without Acarbose (ACA). About 60 mg/kg BW streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were fed with ML and MS inclusive diets and cotreated with ACA for 14 days. The result indicated that AChE, MAO, ADA, ACE, and arginase activities, as well as TBARS level were (p < .05) restored in the diabetic rats fed with ML/MS inclusive diets treated with/without ACA compared to the untreated diabetic rats. In conclusion, the combination therapy of ML/MS inclusive diets plus ACA could be explored toward the management of diabetic-induced ED. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: We discovered in this study, treatments of diabetic rats with ACA and co-fed with 2% and 4% of Moringa leaf and seed inclusive diets for 14 days, could be of great benefit toward the management of ED caused by diabetes, as evidenced by the expression of some ED-related biomarkers in the penile tissue ofdiabetes male rats, compared to that of ACA treated alone. Thus, it seems reasonable to explore the effect of food-drug interaction on the large-scale clinical trial to manage diabetes complications, such as the potential effect of Moringa leaf and seed inclusive diets co-administered with ACA forthe holistic management of diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction (ED).


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--Antioxidant effect of Moringa oleifera leaves in hemoglobin oxidation compare with vitamin C.

OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study is to investigated the effect of MO leaves extract as an antioxidant in @ @ @ @ @ formation compared with Vitamin C as positive control .
METHODS : This study was an @ @ @ @ @ the antioxidant effects of MO leaves extract with vitamin C as positive control and saline @ @ @ @ @ Hemoglobin was oxidized with potassium ferrocyanide then the antioxidant effect of MO leaf extract was @ @ @ @ @ .
RESULTS : This study showed that MO leaves extract have antioxidant effects compared to @ @ @ @ @ 1600ppm showed no significant differences with Vitamin C 1600ppm ( p=0.067 ) .
MO leaves @ @ @ @ @ difference with all Vitamin C levels ( p > 0.05 ) .
This shows that @ @ @ @ @ effects like Vitamin C. CONCLUSION : M. oleifera leaves extract has antioxidant effects on hemoglobin @ @ @ @ @ .

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigated the effect of MO leaves extract as an antioxidant in inhibiting methemoglobin (MetHb) formation compared with Vitamin C as positive control.
METHODS: This study was an experimental study in vitro comparing the antioxidant effects of MO leaves extract with vitamin C as positive control and saline as a negative control. Hemoglobin was oxidized with potassium ferrocyanide then the antioxidant effect of MO leaf extract was determined by measuring methemoglobin levels.
RESULTS: This study showed that MO leaves extract have antioxidant effects compared to saline, MO leaves extract 1600ppm showed no significant differences with Vitamin C 1600ppm (p=0.067). MO leaves extract 3200ppm showed no significant difference with all Vitamin C levels (p>0.05). This shows that MO leaves extract has antioxidant effects like Vitamin C.
CONCLUSION: M. oleifera leaves extract has antioxidant effects on hemoglobin oxidation induced by potassium ferricyanida.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--Effect of microvesicles from Moringa oleifera containing miRNA on proliferation and apoptosis in tum

Effect of microvesicles from Moringa oleifera containing miRNA on proliferation and apoptosis in tumor cell lines

Human microvesicles are key mediators of cell-cell communication .
Exosomes function as microRNA transporters , playing a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes .
Plant microvesicles ( MVs ) display similar features to mammalian exosomes , and these MVs might enhance plant microRNA delivery in mammals .
Considering that plant microRNAs have been newly identified as bioactive constituents in medicinal plants , and that their potential role as regulators in mammals has been underlined , in this study , we characterized MVs purified fromseeds aqueous extract ( MOES MVs ) and used flow cytometry methods to quantify the ability @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The microRNAs present in MOES MVs were characterized , and through a bioinformatic analysis , specific human apoptosis-related target genes of plant miRNAs were identified .
In tumor cell lines , MOES MVs treatment reduced viability , increased apoptosis levels associated with a decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 protein expression and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential .
Interestingly , the effects observed with MOES MVs treatment were comparable to those observed with MOES treatment and transfection with the pool of small RNAs isolated from MOES , used as a control .
These results @ @ @ @ @ @ @ MOES MVs as natural bioactive plant compounds that counteract tumorigenesis .

Human microvesicles are key mediators of cell-cell communication. Exosomes function as microRNA transporters, playing a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes. Plant microvesicles (MVs) display similar features to mammalian exosomes, and these MVs might enhance plant microRNA delivery in mammals. Considering that plant microRNAs have been newly identified as bioactive constituents in medicinal plants, and that their potential role as regulators in mammals has been underlined, in this study, we characterized MVs purified fromseeds aqueous extract (MOES MVs) and used flow cytometry methods to quantify the ability to deliver their content to host cells. The microRNAs present in MOES MVs were characterized, and through a bioinformatic analysis, specific human apoptosis-related target genes of plant miRNAs were identified. In tumor cell lines, MOES MVs treatment reduced viability, increased apoptosis levels associated with a decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 protein expression and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, the effects observed with MOES MVs treatment were comparable to those observed with MOES treatment and transfection with the pool of small RNAs isolated from MOES, used as a control. These results highlight the role of microRNAs transported by MOES MVs as natural bioactive plant compounds that counteract tumorigenesis.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--Cadinane-type sesquiterpenes from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha and their anti-Alzheime

Cadinane-type sesquiterpenes from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha and their anti-Alzheimer's disease bioactivities.

Commiphoins A-C ( 1-3 ) , three new cadinane-type sesquiterpenes , together with two known cadinane-type sesquiterpenes ( 4 and @ @ @ @ @ the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha .
Their structures and relative configurations were established on @ @ @ @ @ methods , including HRESIMS , 1D and 2D NMR analyses .
Compounds 1 and 3-5 @ @ @ @ @ disease ( AD ) activities using the AD pathological model in Caenorhabditis elegans .
The @ @ @ @ @ had significant anti-AD activities .

Commiphoins A-C (1-3), three new cadinane-type sesquiterpenes, together with two known cadinane-type sesquiterpenes (4 and 5) were isolated from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha. Their structures and relative configurations were established on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic methods, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR analyses. Compounds 1 and 3-5 were screened for anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activities using the AD pathological model in Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that they all had significant anti-AD activities.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--Commiphora myrrha resin alcoholic extract ameliorates high fat diet induced obesity.

This study was performed to evaluate anti-obesity potential ofresin ethanolic extract ( CME ) with the respect to expression of leptin , adiponectin and uncoupling protein 1 ( UCP1 ) in rats .
Control rats fed basal diet .
Second group fed basal diet and administered CME ( 500 mg/kg bw ) orally for 14 weeks .
Third group fed high fat diet ( HFD ) for 14 weeks .
Fourth group fed HFD and administered CME as second group .
Fifth group fed HFD for 8 weeks then fed basal diet and administered CME as third group for another @ @ @ @ @ @ @ identified the presence of germacrene B , 1,4-benzoquinone , benzofuran , hexadecanoic acid , 9,12-octadecnoic acid methyl ester , reynosin , 11 , 14-eicosadienoic acid , isochiapin B , bisabolene epixod , elemene and 1-heptatriacotanol .
High fat diet significantly increased food intake , body weight , hyperglycemia , serum levels of total cholesterol , triacylglycerol , low density lipoprotein and ketone bodies , AST and AST activities , concentration of malondialdehyde and histopathological changes in hepatic tissues .
However , it significantly reduced serum levels of high density lipoprotein , leptin and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( GR ) and brown adipose tissue UCP1 protein expression .
In contrast , CME ameliorated HFD increased body weight , hyperglycemia , dyslipidemia , ketonemia , hepatic tissues lipid peroxidation , restored hepatic tissue architecture and enhanced protein expression of leptin , adiponectin and UCP1 and activity of hepatic GR .
This study indicated that CME ameliorated HFD induced hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia through normalization of HFD reduced leptin , adiponectin and UCP1 proteins production and antioxidant activity .

This study was performed to evaluate anti-obesity potential ofresin ethanolic extract (CME) with the respect to expression of leptin, adiponectin and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in rats. Control rats fed basal diet. Second group fed basal diet and administered CME (500 mg/kg bw) orally for 14 weeks. Third group fed high fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. Fourth group fed HFD and administered CME as second group. Fifth group fed HFD for 8 weeks then fed basal diet and administered CME as third group for another 6 weeks. Phytochemical analysis of CME identified the presence of germacrene B, 1,4-benzoquinone, benzofuran, hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecnoic acid methyl ester, reynosin, 11, 14-eicosadienoic acid, isochiapin B, bisabolene epixod, elemene and 1-heptatriacotanol. High fat diet significantly increased food intake, body weight, hyperglycemia, serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low density lipoprotein and ketone bodies, AST and AST activities, concentration of malondialdehyde and histopathological changes in hepatic tissues. However, it significantly reduced serum levels of high density lipoprotein, leptin and adiponectin, activity of hepatic glutathione reductase (GR) and brown adipose tissue UCP1 protein expression. In contrast, CME ameliorated HFD increased body weight, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, ketonemia, hepatic tissues lipid peroxidation, restored hepatic tissue architecture and enhanced protein expression of leptin, adiponectin and UCP1 and activity of hepatic GR. This study indicated that CME ameliorated HFD induced hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia through normalization of HFD reduced leptin, adiponectin and UCP1 proteins production and antioxidant activity.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--Antibiotic in myrrh From Commiphora molmol preferentially kills nongrowing bacteria.

Aim : To demonstrate that myrrh oil preferentially kills nongrowing bacteria and causes no resistance development .
Method : Growth @ @ @ @ @ plates or plates without nutrients , which were later overlaid with soft agar containing nutrients @ @ @ @ @ experiments were done in broth and in buffer without nutrients .
Results : Bacterial cells @ @ @ @ @ absence of nutrients or when growth was halted by a bacteriostatic antibiotic .
After five @ @ @ @ @ surviving colonies showed no resistance to the antibiotic .
Conclusion : Myrrh oil has the @ @ @ @ @ viable antibiotic that kills persister cells and causes no resistance development .
This is a @ @ @ @ @ that can preferentially kill nongrowing bacteria .

Aim: To demonstrate that myrrh oil preferentially kills nongrowing bacteria and causes no resistance development.
Method: Growth inhibition was determined on regular plates or plates without nutrients, which were later overlaid with soft agar containing nutrients to continue growth. Killing experiments were done in broth and in buffer without nutrients.
Results: Bacterial cells were inhibited preferentially in the absence of nutrients or when growth was halted by a bacteriostatic antibiotic. After five passages in myrrh oil, surviving colonies showed no resistance to the antibiotic.
Conclusion: Myrrh oil has the potential to be a commercially viable antibiotic that kills persister cells and causes no resistance development. This is a rare example of an antibiotic that can preferentially kill nongrowing bacteria.


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--Top Five Anxiety-Relieving Foods

Top Five Anxiety-Relieving Foods


greenmedinfo--2020-06-19--Efficacy of frankincense and myrrha in treatment of acute interstitial cystitis/painful bladder synd

Efficacy of frankincense and myrrha in treatment of acute interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome.

OBJECTIVE : To investigate the efficacy of frankincense and myrrha in the treatment of acute interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome ( IC/PBS ) .
METHODS : The effects of frankincense and myrrha on the proliferation and migration of primary human urothelial cells ( HUCs ) were assessed in vitro .
In the animal study , 48 virgin female rats were randomized into 4 groups ( 12 in each group ) : ( 1 ) control group ( saline-injected control ) ; ( 2 ) cyclophosphamide ( CYP ) group ( intraperitoneal injected 150 mg/kg CYP ) ; ( 3 ) CYP @ @ @ @ @ @ @ received 50 mg/kg pentosan polysulfate sodium ) ; and ( 4 ) CYP + frankincense and myrrha group [ orally received frankincense ( 200 mg/kg ) and myrrha ( 200 mg/kg ) ] .
Rats orally received pentosan polysulfate sodium or frankincense and myrrha on day 1 , 2 , and 3 .
The experiments were performed on day 4 .
Pain and cystometry assessment behavior test were performed .
Voiding interval values were assessed in rats under anesthesia .
Finally , immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to confifirm the location and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ protein zonula occludens-2 ( ZO-2 ) expression .
RESULTS : Low dose frankincense and myrrha increased cell proliferation and migration in HUCs compared with control ( P < 0.05 ) .
Rats with acute IC/PBS rats exhibited lower voiding interval values , pain tolerance , and ZO-2 expression ( P < 0.05 ) .
Voiding interval values and pain tolerance were higher in the frankincense and myrrha group than CYP group ( P < 0.05 ) .
ZO-2 expression in the bladder was increased in the CYP + pentosan polysulfate and frankincense + @ @ @ @ @ @ @ IC/PBS group ( P < 0.05 ) .
CONCLUSION : frankincense and myrrha modulate urothelial wound healing , which ameliorates typical features of acute IC/PBS in rats .

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of frankincense and myrrha in the treatment of acute interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS).
METHODS: The effects of frankincense and myrrha on the proliferation and migration of primary human urothelial cells (HUCs) were assessed in vitro. In the animal study, 48 virgin female rats were randomized into 4 groups (12 in each group): (1) control group (saline-injected control); (2) cyclophosphamide (CYP) group (intraperitoneal injected 150 mg/kg CYP); (3) CYP + pentosan polysulfate sodium group (orally received 50 mg/kg pentosan polysulfate sodium); and (4) CYP + frankincense and myrrha group [orally received frankincense (200 mg/kg) and myrrha (200 mg/kg)]. Rats orally received pentosan polysulfate sodium or frankincense and myrrha on day 1, 2, and 3. The experiments were performed on day 4. Pain and cystometry assessment behavior test were performed. Voiding interval values were assessed in rats under anesthesia. Finally, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to confifirm the location and level, respectively, of cell junction-associated protein zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) expression.
RESULTS: Low dose frankincense and myrrha increased cell proliferation and migration in HUCs compared with control (P<0.05). Rats with acute IC/PBS rats exhibited lower voiding interval values, pain tolerance, and ZO-2 expression (P<0.05). Voiding interval values and pain tolerance were higher in the frankincense and myrrha group than CYP group (P<0.05). ZO-2 expression in the bladder was increased in the CYP + pentosan polysulfate and frankincense + myrrha groups compared with the CYP-induced acute IC/PBS group (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: frankincense and myrrha modulate urothelial wound healing, which ameliorates typical features of acute IC/PBS in rats.