greenmedinfo--2020-03-10--Grape pomace polyphenols reduce postprandial insulin levels and improve insulin sensitivity.

BACKGROUND & AIMS : Dietary polyphenols have beneficial effects on glucose/lipid metabolism in subjects at high risk to develop type 2 diabetes ; however , the underlying mechanisms are not clear .
We aimed to evaluate : 1 ) the acute effects of the consumption of a drink rich in polyphenols from red grape pomace ( RGPD ) on glucose/insulin and triglyceride responses to a standard meal in healthy individuals , and , 2 ) the relationship between plasma levels of phenolic metabolites and metabolic parameters .
METHODS : Twelve healthy men , aged 20-40 years participated in a randomized @ @ @ @ @ @ @ design .
After a 3-day low-polyphenol diet , all participants consumed , on two different days and separated by a one week interval , after an overnight fast , a drink rich in polyphenols ( 1.562 g gallic acid equivalents ( GAE ) ) or a control drink ( CD , no polyphenols ) , followed after 3 h by a standard meal ( 960 kcal , 18 % protein , 30 % fat , 52 % CHO ) .
Blood samples were taken at fasting , 3 h after the drink , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and at fasting on the next day to measure plasmaconcentrations of glucose , insulin , triglyceride and phenolic metabolites .
RESULTS : Glycemic and triglyceride post-meal responses were similar after both the RGPD and the control drink .
In contrast , postprandial insulin incremental area ( iAUC ) was 31 % lower ( p CONCLUSIONS : RGPD consumption acutely reduced postprandial insulin levels and improved insulin sensitivity .
This effect could be likely related to the increase in gallic acid levels .
This drink , added to usual diet , could contribute to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with potential health benefits .
CLINICALTRIALS .

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Dietary polyphenols have beneficial effects on glucose/lipid metabolism in subjects at high risk to develop type 2 diabetes; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. We aimed to evaluate: 1) the acute effects of the consumption of a drink rich in polyphenols from red grape pomace (RGPD) on glucose/insulin and triglyceride responses to a standard meal in healthy individuals, and, 2) the relationship between plasma levels of phenolic metabolites and metabolic parameters.
METHODS: Twelve healthy men, aged 20-40 years participated in a randomized, controlled study according to a cross-over design. After a 3-day low-polyphenol diet, all participants consumed, on two different days and separated by a one week interval, after an overnight fast, a drink rich in polyphenols (1.562 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)) or a control drink (CD, no polyphenols), followed after 3 h by a standard meal (960 kcal, 18% protein, 30% fat, 52% CHO). Blood samples were taken at fasting, 3 h after the drink, over 5 h after the standard meal and at fasting on the next day to measure plasmaconcentrations of glucose, insulin, triglyceride and phenolic metabolites.
RESULTS: Glycemic and triglyceride post-meal responses were similar after both the RGPD and the control drink. In contrast, postprandial insulin incremental area (iAUC) was 31% lower (p < 0.05), insulin secretion index was 18% lower (p < 0.016) and insulin sensitivity (S) index was 36% higher (p = 0.037) after the RGPD compared to CD. Among phenolic metabolites, gallic acid correlated inversely with the insulin response (r = -0.604; p = 0.032) and positively with the Sindex (r = 0.588, p = 0.037).
CONCLUSIONS: RGPD consumption acutely reduced postprandial insulin levels and improved insulin sensitivity. This effect could be likely related to the increase in gallic acid levels. This drink, added to usual diet, could contribute to increase the daily intake of polyphenols, with potential health benefits. CLINICALTRIALS.
GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT02865278.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-10--Polyphenols may modulate intestinal lipid absorption through effects on intestinal glucose uptake.

Cholesterol uptake and chylomicron synthesis are promoted by increasing glucose concentrations in both healthy and diabetic individuals during the postprandial @ @ @ @ @ this study was to test whether acute inhibition of glucose uptake could impact cholesterol absorption @ @ @ @ @ cells .
As expected , high glucose upregulated intestinal cholesterol metabolism promoting its uptake and @ @ @ @ @ was accompanied by an increase in the gene expression of Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 and @ @ @ @ @ .
Cholesterol uptake was attenuated by acute inhibition of glucose absorption by cytochalasin B , @ @ @ @ @ by one of its main constituent polyphenols , apigenin 7-O-glucoside ; however , chylomicron secretion @ @ @ @ @ chamomile extract .
These data support a potential indirect role for bioactives in modulating intestinal @ @ @ @ @ intestinal glucose uptake .
This working hypothesis warrants further testing in an in vivo setting @ @ @ @ @ prediabetic individuals .

Cholesterol uptake and chylomicron synthesis are promoted by increasing glucose concentrations in both healthy and diabetic individuals during the postprandial phase. The goal of this study was to test whether acute inhibition of glucose uptake could impact cholesterol absorption in differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells. As expected, high glucose upregulated intestinal cholesterol metabolism promoting its uptake and incorporation in lipoproteins. This was accompanied by an increase in the gene expression of Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 and proprotein convertase subtillisin/kexin type 9. Cholesterol uptake was attenuated by acute inhibition of glucose absorption by cytochalasin B, by a chamomile extract and by one of its main constituent polyphenols, apigenin 7-O-glucoside; however, chylomicron secretion was only reduced by the chamomile extract. These data support a potential indirect role for bioactives in modulating intestinal lipid pathways through effects on intestinal glucose uptake. This working hypothesis warrants further testing in an in vivo setting such as in hypercholesterolaemic or prediabetic individuals.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-10--Flaxseed fiber suppresses postprandial lipemia and appetite in healthy young men.

BACKGROUND AND AIM : Dietary fibers ( DF ) are linked to a reduced risk of life-style diseases , which relate to their physiological effects in the gastrointestinal tract .
The aim was to examine whether flaxseed DF-enriched meals suppress postprandial lipemia and reduce appetite .
METHODS AND RESULTS : Four different iso-caloric meals were tested in 18 young men in a double-blind randomized crossover design .
Test meals were served after an overnight fast .
DF content and source were : control ( C ) : 1.4 g/MJ ; whole flaxseed ( WF ) : 2.4 g/MJ from whole @ @ @ @ @ @ @ : 2.4 g/MJ from flaxseed DF ; high-mucilage dose ( HM ) : 3.4 g/MJ from flaxseed DF .
During the 7 h test day , subjective appetite sensation was assessed using visual analogue scales and appetite-regulating hormones , and lipemia and glycemia were measured , after which ad libitum energy intake was recorded .
There was a significant time × meal effect on triacylglycerols ( TG ) ( p = 0.02 ) and an 18 % smaller area under the curve ( AUC ) for TG after meal HM compared to meal @ @ @ @ @ @ @ These findings suggest that flaxseed DF may suppress postprandial lipemia and appetite although subsequent energy intake was not affected .

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Dietary fibers (DF) are linked to a reduced risk of life-style diseases, which relate to their physiological effects in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim was to examine whether flaxseed DF-enriched meals suppress postprandial lipemia and reduce appetite.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Four different iso-caloric meals were tested in 18 young men in a double-blind randomized crossover design. Test meals were served after an overnight fast. DF content and source were: control (C): 1.4 g/MJ; whole flaxseed (WF): 2.4 g/MJ from whole flaxseeds; low-mucilage dose (LM): 2.4 g/MJ from flaxseed DF; high-mucilage dose (HM): 3.4 g/MJ from flaxseed DF. During the 7 h test day, subjective appetite sensation was assessed using visual analogue scales and appetite-regulating hormones, and lipemia and glycemia were measured, after which ad libitum energy intake was recorded. There was a significant time × meal effect on triacylglycerols (TG) (p = 0.02) and an 18% smaller area under the curve (AUC) for TG after meal HM compared to meal C was observed (p < 0.01). AUC for insulin was smaller after both LM and HM meals compared to C and WF meals. Higher mean ratings of satiety (p < 0.01) and fullness (p = 0.03) was seen following the HM meal compared to meal C. AUC for ghrelin, CCK and GLP-1 and ad libitum energy intake did not differ between meals, but ghrelin response exhibited a different response pattern after the mucilage-containing meals.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that flaxseed DF may suppress postprandial lipemia and appetite although subsequent energy intake was not affected.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-10--Monounsaturated fatty acids decrease postprandial hs-CRP.

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether two dietary approaches recommended for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular prevention-high-MUFA or @ @ @ @ @ A 4-week crossover study in 12 individuals with type 2 diabetes was performed .
Fasting @ @ @ @ @ were not significantly different after a high-carbohydrate/high-fiber/low-glycemic index ( CHO/fiber ) and a high-MUFA diet @ @ @ @ @ hs-CRP levels decreased significantly after the MUFA but not after the CHO/fiber meal .
Triglyceride-rich @ @ @ @ @ the CHO/fiber than the MUFA diet .
At fasting and postprandially , hs-CRP correlated with @ @ @ @ @ chylomicrons , small and large VLDL after the CHO/fiber but not after the MUFA diet @ @ @ @ @ MUFA-rich diet and a carbohydrate/fiber-rich diet induced similar effects on plasma hs-CRP concentrations .
However @ @ @ @ @ to influence hs-CRP levels through different mechanisms .
i.e.
, direct acute postprandial effects by @ @ @ @ @ effects by CHO/fiber .

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether two dietary approaches recommended for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular prevention-high-MUFA or complex carbohydrates/fiber-differently influence inflammation. A 4-week crossover study in 12 individuals with type 2 diabetes was performed. Fasting and postprandial hs-CRP plasma levels were not significantly different after a high-carbohydrate/high-fiber/low-glycemic index (CHO/fiber) and a high-MUFA diet. Compared with fasting, hs-CRP levels decreased significantly after the MUFA but not after the CHO/fiber meal. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins were significantly lower after the CHO/fiber than the MUFA diet. At fasting and postprandially, hs-CRP correlated with triglyceride in whole plasma, chylomicrons, small and large VLDL after the CHO/fiber but not after the MUFA diet. In conclusion, a MUFA-rich diet and a carbohydrate/fiber-rich diet induced similar effects on plasma hs-CRP concentrations. However, these dietary approaches seem to influence hs-CRP levels through different mechanisms. i.e., direct acute postprandial effects by MUFA and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins mediated effects by CHO/fiber.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-10--Whole grains reduce postprandial insulin and triglyceride responses.

BACKGROUND AND AIM : Until recently , very few intervention studies have investigated the effects of whole-grain cereals on postprandial glucose , insulin and lipid metabolism , and the existing studies have provided mixed results .
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week intervention with either a whole-grain-based or a refined cereal-based diet on postprandial glucose , insulin and lipid metabolism in individuals with metabolic syndrome .
METHODS AND RESULTS : Sixty-one men and women age range 40-65 years , with the metabolic syndrome were recruited to participate in this study using a parallel @ @ @ @ @ @ @ period , participants were randomly assigned to a 12-week diet based on whole-grain products ( whole-grain group ) or refined cereal products ( control group ) .
Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the intervention , both fasting and 3 h after a lunch , to measure biochemical parameters .
Generalized linear model ( GLM ) was used for between-group comparisons .
Overall , 26 participants in the control group and 28 in the whole-grain group completed the dietary intervention .
Drop-outs ( five in the control and two @ @ @ @ @ @ @ affect randomization .
After 12 weeks , postprandial insulin and triglyceride responses ( evaluated as average change 2 and 3 h after the meal , respectively ) decreased by 29 % and 43 % , respectively , in the whole-grain group compared to the run-in period .
Postprandial insulin and triglyceride responses were significantly lower at the end of the intervention in the whole-grain group compared to the control group ( p = 0.04 and p = 0.05 ; respectively ) whereas there was no change in postprandial response of glucose and other @ @ @ @ @ @ @ week whole-grain cereal-based diet , compared to refined cereals , reduced postprandial insulin and triglycerides responses .
This finding may have implications for type 2 diabetes risk and cardiovascular disease .

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Until recently, very few intervention studies have investigated the effects of whole-grain cereals on postprandial glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism, and the existing studies have provided mixed results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week intervention with either a whole-grain-based or a refined cereal-based diet on postprandial glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism in individuals with metabolic syndrome.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-one men and women age range 40-65 years, with the metabolic syndrome were recruited to participate in this study using a parallel group design. After a 4-week run-in period, participants were randomly assigned to a 12-week diet based on whole-grain products (whole-grain group) or refined cereal products (control group). Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the intervention, both fasting and 3 h after a lunch, to measure biochemical parameters. Generalized linear model (GLM) was used for between-group comparisons. Overall, 26 participants in the control group and 28 in the whole-grain group completed the dietary intervention. Drop-outs (five in the control and two in the whole-grain group) did not affect randomization. After 12 weeks, postprandial insulin and triglyceride responses (evaluated as average change 2 and 3 h after the meal, respectively) decreased by 29% and 43%, respectively, in the whole-grain group compared to the run-in period. Postprandial insulin and triglyceride responses were significantly lower at the end of the intervention in the whole-grain group compared to the control group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.05; respectively) whereas there was no change in postprandial response of glucose and other parameters evaluated.
CONCLUSIONS: A twelve week whole-grain cereal-based diet, compared to refined cereals, reduced postprandial insulin and triglycerides responses. This finding may have implications for type 2 diabetes risk and cardiovascular disease.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-10--Substituting saturated fats with monounsaturated fats within high-fat diets attenuates hyperinsuline

Substituting saturated fats with monounsaturated fats within high-fat diets attenuates hyperinsulinemia and pancreatic islet dysfunction.

Preliminary evidence suggested that high-fat diets ( HFD ) enriched with saturated fatty acids ( SFA ) but not monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFA ) , promoted hyperinsulinemia and pancreatic hypertrophy with insulin resistance .
The objective of this study was to determine whether substitution of dietary MUFA within a HFD could attenuate the progression of pancreatic islet dysfunction seen with prolonged SFA-HFD .
For 32 weeks , C57BL/6J mice were fed either : 1 ) low fat diet , 2 ) SFA-HFD , or 3 ) SFA-HFD for 16 weeks then switched to MUFA-HFD for 16 weeks ( SFA-to-MUFA-HFD @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the study ; islets were isolated following the intervention .
Substituting SFA-to-MUFA-HFD prevented the progression of hyperinsulinemia observed in SFA-HFD mice ( p < 0.001 ) .
Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated islets was reduced by SFA-HFD , yet not fully affected by SFA-to-MUFA-HFD .
Markers ofβ-cell identity ( Ins2 , Nkx6.1 , Ngn3 , Rfx6 , Pdx1 and Pax6 ) were reduced , and islet inflammation was increased ( IL-1β , 3.0-fold , p=0.007 ; CD68 , 2.9-fold , p=0.001 , Il-6 , 1.1-fold , p=0.437 ) , in SFA-HFD ; effects @ @ @ @ @ @ @ MUFA-HFD can partly attenuate progression of SFA-HFD-induced hyperinsulinemia , pancreatic inflammation , and impairments in β-cell function .
Whilst further work is required from a mechanistic perspective , dietary fat may mediate its effect in an IL-1β - AMPK dependent fashion .
Future work should assess potential translation of the modulation ofmetabolic-inflammation in man .

Preliminary evidence suggested that high-fat diets (HFD) enriched with saturated fatty acids (SFA) but not monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), promoted hyperinsulinemia and pancreatic hypertrophy with insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to determine whether substitution of dietary MUFA within a HFD could attenuate the progression of pancreatic islet dysfunction seen with prolonged SFA-HFD. For 32 weeks, C57BL/6J mice were fed either: 1) low fat diet, 2) SFA-HFD, or 3) SFA-HFD for 16 weeks then switched to MUFA-HFD for 16 weeks (SFA-to-MUFA-HFD). Fasting insulin was assessed throughout the study; islets were isolated following the intervention. Substituting SFA-to-MUFA-HFD prevented the progression of hyperinsulinemia observed in SFA-HFD mice (p<0.001). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated islets was reduced by SFA-HFD, yet not fully affected by SFA-to-MUFA-HFD. Markers ofβ-cell identity (Ins2, Nkx6.1, Ngn3, Rfx6, Pdx1 and Pax6) were reduced, and islet inflammation was increased (IL-1β, 3.0-fold, p=0.007; CD68, 2.9-fold, p=0.001, Il-6, 1.1-fold, p=0.437), in SFA-HFD; effects not seen with SFA-to-MUFA-HFD. Switching to MUFA-HFD can partly attenuate progression of SFA-HFD-induced hyperinsulinemia, pancreatic inflammation, and impairments in β-cell function. Whilst further work is required from a mechanistic perspective, dietary fat may mediate its effect in an IL-1β - AMPK dependent fashion. Future work should assess potential translation of the modulation ofmetabolic-inflammation in man.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-10--Diets enriched in oleic acid can influence fat balance, body weight, and possibly energy expenditure

Diets enriched in oleic acid can influence fat balance, body weight, and possibly energy expenditure.

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several major noncommunicable diseases , and is an important public health concern globally .
Dietary fat content is a major contributor to the increase in global obesity rates .
Changes in dietary habits , such as the quality of fatty acids in the diet , are proposed to prevent obesity and its metabolic complications .
In recent years , a number of studies have found that oleic acid ( OA ) , the most common MUFA in daily nutrition , has protective effects against human disease .
Importantly , there is emerging @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in regulating body weight .
Accordingly , the objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of diets enriched in monounsaturated OA on the management and prevention of obesity , emphasizing possible mechanisms of action of OA in energy homeostasis .
Searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE , ScienceDirect , Scopus , ProQuest , and Google Scholar databases for clinical trials that examined the effects of diets rich in OA on obesity .
Of 821 full-text articles assessed , 28 clinical trials were included in the present study .
According to the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ enriched in OA can influence fat balance , body weight , and possibly energy expenditure .
Importantly , abdominal fat and central obesity can be reduced following consumption of high-OA-containing meals .
Mechanistically , OA-rich diets can be involved in the regulation of food intake , body mass , and energy expenditure by stimulating AMP-activated protein kinase signaling .
Other proposed mechanisms include the prevention of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3/caspase-1 inflammasome pathway , the induction of oleoylethanolamide synthesis , and possibly the downregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 activity .
In summary @ @ @ @ @ @ @ not restricting consumption of OA-rich meals so as to maintain a healthy body weight .

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several major noncommunicable diseases, and is an important public health concern globally. Dietary fat content is a major contributor to the increase in global obesity rates. Changes in dietary habits, such as the quality of fatty acids in the diet, are proposed to prevent obesity and its metabolic complications. In recent years, a number of studies have found that oleic acid (OA), the most common MUFA in daily nutrition, has protective effects against human disease. Importantly, there is emerging evidence indicating the beneficial effects of OA in regulating body weight. Accordingly, the objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of diets enriched in monounsaturated OA on the management and prevention of obesity, emphasizing possible mechanisms of action of OA in energy homeostasis. Searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases for clinical trials that examined the effects of diets rich in OA on obesity. Of 821 full-text articles assessed, 28 clinical trials were included in the present study. According to the studies examined in this review, diets enriched in OA can influence fat balance, body weight, and possibly energy expenditure. Importantly, abdominal fat and central obesity can be reduced following consumption of high-OA-containing meals. Mechanistically, OA-rich diets can be involved in the regulation of food intake, body mass, and energy expenditure by stimulating AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. Other proposed mechanisms include the prevention of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3/caspase-1 inflammasome pathway, the induction of oleoylethanolamide synthesis, and possibly the downregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 activity. In summary, current findings lend support to advice not restricting consumption of OA-rich meals so as to maintain a healthy body weight.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--Health properties and composition of honeysuckle berry.

L. , also known as haskap or honeysuckle berry , is a fruit commonly planted in eastern Europe , Canada @ @ @ @ @ was registered as a traditional food from a third country under European Union regulations only @ @ @ @ @ is resistant to cold , pests , various soil acidities and diseases .
However , @ @ @ @ @ with its health properties .
The fruit shows anticancer , anti-inflammatory , and antioxidant activity-important @ @ @ @ @ These features result from the diverse content of phytochemicals in honeysuckle berries with high concentrations @ @ @ @ @ acids , hydroxybenzoic acids , flavanols , flavones , isoflavones , flavonols , flavanones and @ @ @ @ @ present in the fruit in exceptional amounts .
The content and health properties of the @ @ @ @ @ dependent on cultivar , genotype and the place of harvesting .
Great potential benefits of @ @ @ @ @ ability to minimize the negative effects of UV radiation , diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases @ @ @ @ @ and cardioprotective activity .

L., also known as haskap or honeysuckle berry, is a fruit commonly planted in eastern Europe, Canada and Asia. The fruit was registered as a traditional food from a third country under European Union regulations only on December 2018. It is resistant to cold, pests, various soil acidities and diseases. However, its attractiveness is associated mostly with its health properties. The fruit shows anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity-important factors in improving health. These features result from the diverse content of phytochemicals in honeysuckle berries with high concentrations of phytocompounds, mainly hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, flavanols, flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanones and anthocyanins but also iridoids, present in the fruit in exceptional amounts. The content and health properties of the fruit were identified to be dependent on cultivar, genotype and the place of harvesting. Great potential benefits of this nutritious food are its ability to minimize the negative effects of UV radiation, diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases, and to exert hepato- and cardioprotective activity.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-12--Vitamin C supplementation resulted in a significant reduction of blood pressure in patients with ess

Vitamin C supplementation resulted in a significant reduction of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.

BACKGROUND : Vitamin C as a supplement to treat hypertension has been proposed .
However , it remains controversial whether vitamin C can improve blood pressure in patients with primary hypertension .
OBJECTIVES : To analyze the effect of vitamin C ( VitC ) supplementation on systolic ( SBP ) and diastolic ( DBP ) blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension .
METHODS : We searched the Chinese Knowledge Infrastructure , VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals , WANFANG Data , Cochrane Library , National Library of Medicine 's PubMed , EMBASE , and other databases until June 2019 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ analyzed .
SBP and DBP before and after VitC supplementation were compared between the intervention and control groups .
The risk of bias of individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool .
Two reviewers selected studies independently of each other .
The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 5.3 was used to perform the meta-analysis .
RESULTS : There was a significant difference in the change of SBP ( weighted mean difference [ WMD ] = -4.09 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] -5.56 , -2.62 ; P @ @ @ @ @ @ @ significant reduction of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension .

BACKGROUND: Vitamin C as a supplement to treat hypertension has been proposed. However, it remains controversial whether vitamin C can improve blood pressure in patients with primary hypertension.
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effect of vitamin C (VitC) supplementation on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.
METHODS: We searched the Chinese Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, WANFANG Data, Cochrane Library, National Library of Medicine's PubMed, EMBASE, and other databases until June 2019. Eight RCTs involving 614 participants were analyzed. SBP and DBP before and after VitC supplementation were compared between the intervention and control groups. The risk of bias of individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Two reviewers selected studies independently of each other. The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 5.3 was used to perform the meta-analysis.
RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the change of SBP (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -4.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] -5.56, -2.62; P < .001) and DBP (WMD = -2.30; 95% CI -4.27, -.331; P = .02) between the groups. Further, there was a significant difference in the SBP (WMD = -3.75, 95% CI -6.24, -1.26, P = .003) and DBP (WMD = -3.29, 95% CI -5.98, -.60, P = .02) for the subgroup with an age ≥60 years andthat with ≥35 participants. In the subgroup analysis, result for SBP with a study duration ≥6 weeks was statistically significant different (WMD = -4.77; 95% CI -6.46, -3.08; P < .001). For an intervention dose of VitC ≥500 mg daily, SBP was statistically significant (WMD = -5.01; 95% CI -8.55, -1.48; P = .005).
CONCLUSION: VitC supplementation resulted in a significant reduction of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-12--Vitamin C enhances the antibacterial activity of honey against planktonic and biofilm-embedded bacte

Vitamin C enhances the antibacterial activity of honey against planktonic and biofilm-embedded bacteria.

Multifactorial antibacterial action is an important feature of honey ; however , its bactericidal efficacy against biofilm-embedded bacteria is limited .
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of vitamin C ( Vit C ) on the antibacterial activity of natural honeys against planktonic as well as biofilm-embedded bacterial pathogens .
The antibacterial activity of four honey samples supplemented with Vit C was expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) .
At sub-MICs , Vit C significantly increased the antibacterial activity of the tested honeys againstin planktonic cultures .
However , after supplementation , honeydew @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was ineffective against .
On the other hand , when 100 % honeydew honey was supplemented with Vit C ( 100 mg/g of honey ) in a multispecies wound biofilm model , complete eradication of almost all bacterial isolates , including , was observed .
Furthermore , a mixture of honey and Vit C was partially effective against , whereas honey alone exhibited no antibacterial activity against this bacterium .
Vit C counteracted hydrogen peroxide in honey solution and , thus , eliminated the major antibacterial compound present in honey .
It is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Vit C may trigger the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species in bacterial cells , but the exact cellular mechanisms warrant further investigations .

Multifactorial antibacterial action is an important feature of honey; however, its bactericidal efficacy against biofilm-embedded bacteria is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of vitamin C (Vit C) on the antibacterial activity of natural honeys against planktonic as well as biofilm-embedded bacterial pathogens. The antibacterial activity of four honey samples supplemented with Vit C was expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). At sub-MICs, Vit C significantly increased the antibacterial activity of the tested honeys againstin planktonic cultures. However, after supplementation, honeydew honey, the most active honey, was ineffective against. On the other hand, when 100% honeydew honey was supplemented with Vit C (100 mg/g of honey) in a multispecies wound biofilm model, complete eradication of almost all bacterial isolates, including, was observed. Furthermore, a mixture of honey and Vit C was partially effective against, whereas honey alone exhibited no antibacterial activity against this bacterium. Vit C counteracted hydrogen peroxide in honey solution and, thus, eliminated the major antibacterial compound present in honey. It is likely that a combination of honey with Vit C may trigger the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species in bacterial cells, but the exact cellular mechanisms warrant further investigations.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-12--Vitamin C supplementation has beneficial effects for the male partners of couples with recurrent pre

Vitamin C supplementation has beneficial effects for the male partners of couples with recurrent pregnancy loss could lead to improved pregnancy outcomes.

OBJECTIVE : Since sperm abnormalities are known to be a major reason for recurrent pregnancy loss ( RPL ) , any defects in DNA structure and chromatin condensation can place embryos at risk in the early stage of development and implantation .
As antioxidants such as vitamin C may play a protective role against the destruction of protamine genes in sperm chromatin , this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin C on chromatin and the expression of protamine genes in the male partners of couples with RPL .
METHODS : Twenty male partners of couples with RPL @ @ @ @ @ @ @ received vitamin C supplementation ( 250 mg daily for 3 months ) .
Healthy fertile men ( n=20 ) were included as controls .
Sperm chromatin , DNA integrity , and the expression levels of protamine genes were evaluated before and after treatment .
RESULTS : Significant differences were found in sperm morphology , protamine deficiency , and apoptosis between the two groups and before and after vitamin C administration .
A significant change was found in mRNA levels of PRM1 , PRM2 , and the PRM1/PRM2 ratio after treatment .
CONCLUSION : @ @ @ @ @ @ @ improve human sperm parameters and DNA integrity by increasing protamine gene expression levels in the male partners of couples with RPL .
The beneficial effects of vitamin C supplementation as an antioxidant for the male partners of couples with RPL could lead to improved pregnancy outcomes in these cases .

OBJECTIVE: Since sperm abnormalities are known to be a major reason for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), any defects in DNA structure and chromatin condensation can place embryos at risk in the early stage of development and implantation. As antioxidants such as vitamin C may play a protective role against the destruction of protamine genes in sperm chromatin, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin C on chromatin and the expression of protamine genes in the male partners of couples with RPL.
METHODS: Twenty male partners of couples with RPL were selected as the intervention group and received vitamin C supplementation (250 mg daily for 3 months). Healthy fertile men (n=20) were included as controls. Sperm chromatin, DNA integrity, and the expression levels of protamine genes were evaluated before and after treatment.
RESULTS: Significant differences were found in sperm morphology, protamine deficiency, and apoptosis between the two groups and before and after vitamin C administration. A significant change was found in mRNA levels of PRM1, PRM2, and the PRM1/PRM2 ratio after treatment.
CONCLUSION: Daily oral administration of vitamin C may improve human sperm parameters and DNA integrity by increasing protamine gene expression levels in the male partners of couples with RPL. The beneficial effects of vitamin C supplementation as an antioxidant for the male partners of couples with RPL could lead to improved pregnancy outcomes in these cases.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-12--A casereport of scurvy presenting as depression and anaemia.

A 66-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted with deteriorating mental health in the setting of background history of schizophrenia and depression @ @ @ @ @ she had increasing negative thoughts and decreased motivation regarding her self-care over a few weeks @ @ @ @ @ Initial laboratory tests were unremarkable except for isolated normocytic anaemia .
Physical examination revealed widespread @ @ @ @ @ lower limb petechial rash .
After an extensive investigation with no definitive results to explain @ @ @ @ @ of scurvy was suspected and confirmed with severely low serum vitamin C level .
Her @ @ @ @ @ oral supplementation , which further supported the diagnosis of scurvy .
Although it is now @ @ @ @ @ countries , this case will remind modern medical practitioners that patients with scurvy may present @ @ @ @ @ findings such as depression and anaemia .

A 66-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted with deteriorating mental health in the setting of background history of schizophrenia and depression. Her husband reported that she had increasing negative thoughts and decreased motivation regarding her self-care over a few weeks with no obvious stressors. Initial laboratory tests were unremarkable except for isolated normocytic anaemia. Physical examination revealed widespread bilateral upper limb ecchymoses and lower limb petechial rash. After an extensive investigation with no definitive results to explain her clinical presentations, diagnosis of scurvy was suspected and confirmed with severely low serum vitamin C level. Her clinical symptoms improved markedly with oral supplementation, which further supported the diagnosis of scurvy. Although it is now a rare condition in developed countries, this case will remind modern medical practitioners that patients with scurvy may present with non-specific symptoms and clinical findings such as depression and anaemia.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-12--Vitamin C supplementation reduces the odds of developing a common cold in Republic of Korea Army rec

Vitamin C supplementation reduces the odds of developing a common cold in Republic of Korea Army recruits.

INTRODUCTION : The Republic of Korea ( ROK ) military has a high incidence of respiratory diseases at training centres .
Vitamin C has been reported to reduce the incidence of colds .
For the purpose of preventing soldiers ' respiratory diseases , this study aimed to investigate whether vitamin C intake can prevent common colds in the ROK Army soldiers .
METHODS : This was a randomised , placebo-controlled , and double-blind trial of soldiers who enlisted in the Korea Army Training Centre for 30 days from 12 February to 13 March 2018 .
The study participants were divided @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) .
The military medical records were searched to determine whether the participants had a common cold .
Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the association between vitamin C intake and diagnosis of common colds .
In addition , subgroup analysis on the relationship between vitamin C intake and common cold according to smoking status , training camp and physical rank was conducted .
RESULTS : A total of 1444 participants were included in our study .
Of these participants , 695 received vitamin C ( 6000 mg/day , vitamin C @ @ @ @ @ @ @ placebo ( 0 mg/day , placebo group ) .
The vitamin C group had a 0.80-fold lower risk of getting a common cold than did the placebo group .
Subgroup analyses showed that this effect was stronger among subjects in camp A , among never smokers and among those in physical rank 3 .
CONCLUSION : Vitamin C intake provides evidence to suggest that reducing the common colds in Korean Army soldiers .
Our results may serve as a basis for introducing military healthcare policies that can provide vitamin C supplementation for military @ @ @ @ @ @

INTRODUCTION: The Republic of Korea (ROK) military has a high incidence of respiratory diseases at training centres. Vitamin C has been reported to reduce the incidence of colds. For the purpose of preventing soldiers' respiratory diseases, this study aimed to investigate whether vitamin C intake can prevent common colds in the ROK Army soldiers.
METHODS: This was a randomised, placebo-controlled, and double-blind trial of soldiers who enlisted in the Korea Army Training Centre for 30 days from 12 February to 13 March 2018. The study participants were divided into groups (vitamin C vs placebo). The military medical records were searched to determine whether the participants had a common cold. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the association between vitamin C intake and diagnosis of common colds. In addition, subgroup analysis on the relationship between vitamin C intake and common cold according to smoking status, training camp and physical rank was conducted.
RESULTS: A total of 1444 participants were included in our study. Of these participants, 695 received vitamin C (6000 mg/day, vitamin C group), while 749 participants received placebo (0 mg/day, placebo group). The vitamin C group had a 0.80-fold lower risk of getting a common cold than did the placebo group. Subgroup analyses showed that this effect was stronger among subjects in camp A, among never smokers and among those in physical rank 3.
CONCLUSION: Vitamin C intake provides evidence to suggest that reducing the common colds in Korean Army soldiers. Our results may serve as a basis for introducing military healthcare policies that can provide vitamin C supplementation for military personnel in basic military training.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--Antioxidant therapy was proven to be a viable alternative for attenuating the oxidative damage cause

Antioxidant therapy was proven to be a viable alternative for attenuating the oxidative damage caused by chronic chagasic cardiopathy.

The aim of this review was to identify anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapeutic agents and their effects on patients with chagasic myocarditis .
A systematic review of the MEDLINE , EMBASE , WEB OF SCIENCE , SCOPUS , LILACS and CENTRAL databases ( Cochrane Library ) was carried out without language restrictions .
The descriptors used were : 'Chagas cardiomyopathy ' , 'treatment ' , 'Chagas disease ' , 'anti-inflammatory agents ' , 'Trypanosoma cruzi ' and 'antioxidants ' .
A total of 4,138 articles was identified , six of which were selected for data extraction .
Of these , four @ @ @ @ @ @ @ C and E supplementation , and two using anti-inflammatory therapy .
The studies were carried out in Brazil and were published between 2002 and 2017 .
Antioxidant therapy with vitamin C and E supplementation increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces the oxidative markers .
There is no conclusive data to support the use of vitamin supplementation and anti-inflammatory therapy in the treatment of chagasic cardiomyopathy .
However , the studies indicate the possibility of vitamin supplementation as a new approach to the treatment of Chagas disease .
Antioxidant therapy was proven @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the oxidative damage caused by chronic chagasic cardiopathy , leading to a better prognosis for patients .

The aim of this review was to identify anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapeutic agents and their effects on patients with chagasic myocarditis. A systematic review of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, LILACS and CENTRAL databases (Cochrane Library) was carried out without language restrictions. The descriptors used were: 'Chagas cardiomyopathy', 'treatment', 'Chagas disease', 'anti-inflammatory agents', 'Trypanosoma cruzi' and 'antioxidants'. A total of 4,138 articles was identified, six of which were selected for data extraction. Of these, four were related to antioxidant therapy with vitamins C and E supplementation, and two using anti-inflammatory therapy. The studies were carried out in Brazil and were published between 2002 and 2017. Antioxidant therapy with vitamin C and E supplementation increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces the oxidative markers. There is no conclusive data to support the use of vitamin supplementation and anti-inflammatory therapy in the treatment of chagasic cardiomyopathy. However, the studies indicate the possibility of vitamin supplementation as a new approach to the treatment of Chagas disease. Antioxidant therapy was proven to be a viable alternative for attenuating the oxidative damage caused by chronic chagasic cardiopathy, leading to a better prognosis for patients.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--The data support the strategy of flavonoid supplementation to mitigate post-exercise oxidative stres

The data support the strategy of flavonoid supplementation to mitigate post-exercise oxidative stress in endurance athletes.

This double-blinded , placebo controlled , randomized crossover trial investigated the influence of 2-week mixed flavonoid versus placebo supplementation on @ @ @ @ @ cycling time trial in 22 cyclists ( 42.3± 1.7 years ) .
Blood samples were @ @ @ @ @ 2-week supplementation , and then 0 hr , 1.5 hr , and 21 hr post @ @ @ @ @ 5.4 min , 73.4 ±2.0 % maximal oxygen consumption ) .
The supplement provided 678-mg @ @ @ @ @ mg ) , green tea catechins ( 368 mg , 180-mg epigallocatechin gallate ) , @ @ @ @ @ ) from bilberry extract , with caffeine , vitamin C , and omega-3 fatty acids @ @ @ @ @ samples were analyzed for blood leukocyte counts , oxinflammation biomarkers , including 4-hydroxynonenal , protein @ @ @ @ @ mRNA expression for cyclooxygenease-2 and glutathione peroxidase .
Each of the blood biomarkers was elevated @ @ @ @ @ all ps

This double-blinded, placebo controlled, randomized crossover trial investigated the influence of 2-week mixed flavonoid versus placebo supplementation on oxinflammation markers after a 75-km cycling time trial in 22 cyclists (42.3± 1.7 years). Blood samples were collected before and after the 2-week supplementation, and then 0 hr, 1.5 hr, and 21 hr post 75-km cycling (176 ± 5.4 min, 73.4 ±2.0% maximal oxygen consumption). The supplement provided 678-mg flavonoids with quercetin (200 mg), green tea catechins (368 mg, 180-mg epigallocatechin gallate), and anthocyanins (128 mg) from bilberry extract, with caffeine, vitamin C, and omega-3 fatty acids added as adjuvants. Blood samples were analyzed for blood leukocyte counts, oxinflammation biomarkers, including 4-hydroxynonenal, protein carbonyls, and peripheralblood mononuclear mRNA expression for cyclooxygenease-2 and glutathione peroxidase. Each of the blood biomarkers was elevated postexercise (time effects, all ps<.01), with lower plasma levels for 4-hydroxynonenal (at 21-hr postexercise) in flavonoid versus placebo (interaction effect, p = .008). Although elevated postexercise, no trial differences for the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p = .539) or peripheral blood mononuclear mRNA expression for cyclooxygenease-2 (p = .322) or glutathione peroxidase (p = .839) were shown. Flavonoid supplementation prior to intensive exercise decreased plasma peroxidation and oxidative damage, as determined by 4-hydroxynonenal. Postexercise increases were similar between the flavonoid and placebo trials for peripheral blood mononuclear mRNA expression for cyclooxygenease-2 and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 related gene glutathione peroxidase (NFE2L2). The data support the strategy of flavonoid supplementation to mitigate postexercise oxidative stress in endurance athletes.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--Potential false-positive rate among the 'asymptomatic infected individuals' in close contacts of COV

Potential false-positive rate among the 'asymptomatic infected individuals' in close contacts of COVID-19 patients.

As the prevention and control of COVID-19continues to advance , the active nucleic acid test screening in the close contacts of the patients has been carrying out in many parts of China .
However , the false-positive rate of positive results in the screening has not been reported up to now .
But to clearify the false-positive rate during screening is important in COVID-19 control and prevention.Point values and reasonable ranges of the indicators which impact the false-positive rate of positive results were estimated based on the information available to us at present .
The false-positive rate of positive results @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and univariate and multivariate-probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to understand the robustness of the findings.When the infection rate of the close contacts and the sensitivity and specificity of reported results were taken as the point estimates , the positive predictive value of the active screening was only 19.67 % , in contrast , the false-positive rate of positive results was 80.33 % .
The multivariate-probabilistic sensitivity analysis results supported the base-case findings , with a 75 % probability for the false-positive rate of positive results over 47 % .In the close contacts of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ more of the 'asymptomatic infected individuals ' reported in the active nucleic acid test screening might be false positives .

As the prevention and control of COVID-19continues to advance, the active nucleic acid test screening in the close contacts of the patients has been carrying out in many parts of China. However, the false-positive rate of positive results in the screening has not been reported up to now. But to clearify the false-positive rate during screening is important in COVID-19 control and prevention.Point values and reasonable ranges of the indicators which impact the false-positive rate of positive results were estimated based on the information available to us at present. The false-positive rate of positive results in the active screening was deduced, and univariate and multivariate-probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to understand the robustness of the findings.When the infection rate of the close contacts and the sensitivity and specificity of reported results were taken as the point estimates, the positive predictive value of the active screening was only 19.67%, in contrast, the false-positive rate of positive results was 80.33%. The multivariate-probabilistic sensitivity analysis results supported the base-case findings, with a 75% probability for the false-positive rate of positive results over 47%.In the close contacts of COVID-19 patients, nearly half or even more of the 'asymptomatic infected individuals' reported in the active nucleic acid test screening might be false positives.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--The intake of lactoferrin attenuates infectious diseases, including summer colds.

PURPOSE : To investigate the effects of lactoferrin ( LF ) on infectious diseases in Japanese summer .
METHODS : An intake of placebo , 200 mg , or 600 mg of LF were administered to healthy adults in Kyushu University of Health and Welfare for 12 weeks in a randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled parallel-group comparative trial .
The primary endpoints were the prevalence and duration of infectious diseases and changes in immuneparameters .
RESULTS : Three hundred and ten subjects were randomized ( placebo , n = 104 ; 200 mg , n = 103 ; 600 mg @ @ @ @ @ @ @ subjects were lost to the follow-up , leaving 290 for a full analysis set ( n = 99 ; n = 95 ; n = 96 ) .
The duration ( day ) of total infectious diseases was shorter in the 200 mg group ( 2.0 , p = 0.045 ) and 600 mg group ( 2.0 , p = 0.010 ) than in the placebo group ( 3.0 ) .
The duration of summer colds was shorter in the 600 mg group ( 2.0 , p = 0.036 ) than in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ significant differences were observed in the prevalence of infectious diseases or changes in immune parameters .
In exploratory investigations , changesin the neutrophil phagocytic capacity , cortisol concentrations , and T score of '' Vigor/Activity '' in the Profile of Mood States 2 were greater in the 600 mg group than in the placebo group , when analysis was done on the lower half groups at the baseline .
Adverse events were similar in each group and none had a causal relationship with the intake of the test foods .
CONCLUSIONS : In @ @ @ @ @ @ @ infectious diseases , including summer colds .

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of lactoferrin (LF) on infectious diseases in Japanese summer.
METHODS: An intake of placebo, 200 mg, or 600 mg of LF were administered to healthy adults in Kyushu University of Health and Welfare for 12 weeks in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel-group comparative trial. The primary endpoints were the prevalence and duration of infectious diseases and changes in immuneparameters.
RESULTS: Three hundred and ten subjects were randomized (placebo, n = 104; 200 mg, n = 103; 600 mg, n = 103). Twenty subjects were lost to the follow-up, leaving 290 for a full analysis set (n = 99; n = 95; n = 96). The duration (day) of total infectious diseases was shorter in the 200 mg group (2.0, p = 0.045) and 600 mg group (2.0, p = 0.010)than in the placebo group (3.0). The duration of summer colds was shorter in the 600 mg group (2.0, p = 0.036) than in the placebo group (3.0). No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of infectious diseases or changes in immune parameters. In exploratory investigations, changesin the neutrophil phagocytic capacity, cortisol concentrations, and T score of"Vigor/Activity"in the Profile of Mood States 2 were greater in the 600 mg group than in the placebo group, when analysis was done on the lower half groups at the baseline. Adverse events were similar in each group and none had a causal relationship with the intake of the test foods.
CONCLUSIONS: In summer, the intake of LF attenuates infectious diseases, including summer colds.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--N-acetylcysteine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteolysis by restoring bone remodelling bala

N-acetylcysteine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteolysis by restoring bone remodelling balance.

Chronic inflammatory diseases affect bone and teeth health tremendously .
Characterized by osteolytic lesion and hyperactive osteoclastogenesis , inflammatory bone diseases are short of effective therapeutics and therefore highlight the importance of understanding pathogenesis and developing ideal medications .
Reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) play a prominent role in the innate immune response of activated macrophages , as well as in the physiological signaling of osteoclasts ( OCs ) differentiation .
N-acetylcysteine ( NAC ) is a potent ROS scavenger and a potential option for treating diseases characterized by excessive ROS generation .
However , whether NAC can protect @ @ @ @ @ @ @ conditions is largely undefined .
We applied NAC treatment on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) -induced inflammatory osteolysis mice model and found that NAC could attenuate bone erosion and protect mice against LPS-induced osteolysis , due to the suppressive effect on osteoclastogenesis and stimulated effect on osteogenesis .
Moreover , in vitro study demonstrated that , in OC precursors ( pre-OCs ) , LPS-stimulated expressions of OC marker genes , such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 ( Acp5 ) , cathepsin K ( Ctsk ) , OC stimulatory transmembrane protein ( Oc-stamp ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) , and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 ( NFATc1 ) , were all reduced because of the NAC pretreatment , thereby adversely affecting OC function including F-actin ring formation and bone resorption .
Further mechanism study showed that NAC blocked LPS-induced ROS formation in both macrophages and pre-OCs , cutting off the LPS-stimulated autocrine/paracrine mechanism during inflammatory osteolysis .
Our findings reveal that NAC attenuates inflammatory osteolysis via the elimination of ROS formation during LPS-stimulated osteoclastogenesis , and provide a potential therapeutic approach to treat inflammatory bone disease .

Chronic inflammatory diseases affect bone and teeth health tremendously. Characterized by osteolytic lesion and hyperactive osteoclastogenesis, inflammatory bone diseases are short of effective therapeutics and therefore highlight the importance of understanding pathogenesis and developing ideal medications. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a prominent role in the innate immune response of activated macrophages, as well as in the physiological signaling of osteoclasts (OCs) differentiation. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a potent ROS scavenger and a potential option for treating diseases characterized by excessive ROS generation. However, whether NAC can protect physiological bone remodeling from in vivo inflammatory conditions is largely undefined. We applied NAC treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory osteolysis mice model and found that NAC could attenuate bone erosion and protect mice against LPS-induced osteolysis, due to the suppressive effect on osteoclastogenesis and stimulated effect on osteogenesis. Moreover, in vitro study demonstrated that, in OC precursors (pre-OCs), LPS-stimulated expressions of OC marker genes, such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 (Acp5), cathepsin K (Ctsk), OC stimulatory transmembrane protein (Oc-stamp), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (Dc-stamp), and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), were all reduced because of the NAC pretreatment, thereby adversely affecting OC function including F-actin ring formation and bone resorption. Further mechanism study showed that NAC blocked LPS-induced ROS formation in both macrophages and pre-OCs, cutting off the LPS-stimulated autocrine/paracrine mechanism during inflammatory osteolysis. Our findings reveal that NAC attenuates inflammatory osteolysis via the elimination of ROS formation during LPS-stimulated osteoclastogenesis, and provide a potential therapeutic approach to treat inflammatory bone disease.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--Ascorbic acid sensitizes colorectal carcinoma to the cytotoxicity of arsenic trioxide.

Arsenic trioxide ( ATO ) is an effective therapeutic agent against acute promyelocytic leukemia ( APL ) ; however , its anti-tumor effect on solid tumors such as colorectal cancer ( CRC ) is still in debate .
Ascorbic acid ( AA ) also produces a selective cytotoxic activity against tumor cells .
Here , we exploit the potential benefit of ATO/AA combination in generating cytotoxicity to CRC cells , which may lay the groundwork for the potential combinational chemotherapy of CRCs .
According to the results , we found that ATO and AA effectively inhibited the viability of human @ @ @ @ @ @ @ AA and ATO corporately activated caspase-3 to trigger apoptosis and upregulated the expression of caspase-1 and promoted formation of inflammasomes to induce pyroptosis .
Furthermore , the stimulation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) overproduction was demonstrated as a subcellular mechanism for apoptosis and pyroptosis induced by ATO/AA combination treatment .
Our findings suggest that ATO combination with a conventional dosage of AA offers an advantage for killing CRC cells .
The synergistic action of ATO/AA combination might be considered a plausible strategy for the treatment of CRC and perhaps other solid @ @ @ @

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an effective therapeutic agent against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL); however, its anti-tumor effect on solid tumors such as colorectal cancer (CRC) is still in debate. Ascorbic acid (AA) also produces a selective cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. Here, we exploit the potential benefit of ATO/AA combination in generating cytotoxicity to CRC cells, which may lay the groundwork for the potential combinational chemotherapy of CRCs. According to the results, we found that ATO and AA effectively inhibited the viability of human CRC cells in a synergistic manner. AA and ATO corporately activated caspase-3 to trigger apoptosis and upregulated the expression of caspase-1 and promoted formation of inflammasomes to induce pyroptosis. Furthermore, the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction was demonstrated as a subcellular mechanism for apoptosis and pyroptosis induced by ATO/AA combination treatment. Our findings suggest that ATO combination with a conventional dosage of AA offers an advantage for killing CRC cells. The synergistic action of ATO/AA combination might be considered a plausible strategy for the treatment of CRC and perhaps other solid tumors as well.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--L-ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol synergistically triggers apoptosis inducing antileukemic effects of

L-ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol synergistically triggers apoptosis inducing antileukemic effects of arsenic trioxide.

Chemosensitization is an effective strategy to overcome the drawbacks of arsenic trioxide ( AsO ) treatment , which may be @ @ @ @ @ dietary supplements in combination .
The present investigation evaluates the synergistic mechanism of action of @ @ @ @ @ acid ( L-AA ) andα-tocopherol ( α-TOC ) in AsOchemotherapy using human leukemia ( HL-60 @ @ @ @ @ of AsOand vitamins and cellular apoptotic evidences were done ; a proteomic investigation with mass @ @ @ @ @ The combination of L-AA andα-TOC potentiates AsOcytotoxicity in HL-60 cells , substantiated by depletion in @ @ @ @ @ potential , and inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and B-cell lymphoma 2 @ @ @ @ @ results showed decreased expression of proteins regulating cell cycle and translation in cells treated with @ @ @ @ @ when compared with AsO-treated sample .
In addition , this combination treatment identified numerous proteins @ @ @ @ @ stress .
HL-60 cells became more prone to AsOon exposure to L-AA andα-TOC , indicating @ @ @ @ @ a promising approach to increase the outcome of AsOchemotherapy .

Chemosensitization is an effective strategy to overcome the drawbacks of arsenic trioxide (AsO) treatment, which may be possible through the use of dietary supplements in combination. The present investigation evaluates the synergistic mechanism of action of vitamins, such as L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) andα-tocopherol (α-TOC) in AsOchemotherapy using human leukemia (HL-60) cells.assays on the cytotoxicity of AsOand vitamins and cellular apoptotic evidences were done; a proteomic investigation with mass spectrometry was also performed. The combination of L-AA andα-TOC potentiates AsOcytotoxicity in HL-60 cells, substantiated by depletion in antioxidant status, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and B-cell lymphoma 2 transcription factors. Mass spectrometry results showed decreased expression of proteins regulating cell cycle and translation in cells treated with AsO, L-AA, andα-TOC when compared with AsO-treated sample. In addition, this combination treatment identified numerous proteins associated with apoptosis and cell stress. HL-60 cells became more prone to AsOon exposure to L-AA andα-TOC, indicating that this combination may be a promising approach to increase the outcome of AsOchemotherapy.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--Wild blueberry supplementation may be a potential prevention strategy for adolescent depression and

Wild blueberry supplementation may be a potential prevention strategy for adolescent depression and may have benefits for public mental health.

Adolescence is an important period for cognitive maturation and emotional regulation and this age group is particularly vulnerable to developing depression .
Diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been associated with decreased risk of developing depressive disorders across the lifespan , an association that may be due to the high flavonoid content of these foods .
Previously we have shown increases in transient positive affect in both children and young adults two hours after administration of a wild blueberry intervention .
Here , using a randomized double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , we investigated the effects of four weeks , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ anthocyanins ) on transient and chronic mood in adolescents .
Healthy 12-17-year old ( N = 64 , 35 females ) were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either a wild blueberry or matched placebo supplementation .
Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed before and after the intervention period using the Mood and Feeling Questionnaire and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale .
Transient affect was assessed before , two weeks , and at four weeks using Positive and Negative Affects .
Following the intervention period there were significantly fewer self-reported depression symptoms @ @ @ @ @ @ @ wild blueberry intervention compared to those who received the matched placebo ( p=0.02 , 95 % CI -6.71 to -5.35 ) .
There was no between group effect on anxiety symptoms or on transient affect .
Further investigation is required to identify specific mechanisms that link flavonoids consumption and mood .
If replicated , the observed effects of wild blueberry supplementation may be a potential prevention strategy for adolescent depression and may have benefits for public mental health .

Adolescence is an important period for cognitive maturation and emotional regulation and this age group is particularly vulnerable to developing depression. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been associated with decreased risk of developing depressive disorders across the lifespan, an association that may be due to the high flavonoid content of these foods. Previously we have shown increases in transient positive affect in both children and young adults two hours after administration of a wild blueberry intervention. Here, using a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we investigated the effects of four weeks, daily wild blueberry supplementation (containing ~253mg anthocyanins) on transient and chronic mood in adolescents. Healthy 12-17-year old (N = 64, 35 females) were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either a wild blueberry or matched placebo supplementation. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed before and after the intervention period using the Mood and Feeling Questionnaire and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale. Transient affect was assessed before, two weeks, and at four weeks using Positive and Negative Affects. Following the intervention period there were significantly fewer self-reported depression symptoms in participants who were supplemented with the wild blueberry intervention compared to those who received the matched placebo (p=0.02, 95% CI -6.71 to -5.35). There was no between group effect on anxiety symptoms or on transient affect. Further investigation is required to identify specific mechanisms that link flavonoids consumption and mood. If replicated, the observed effects of wild blueberry supplementation may be a potential prevention strategy for adolescent depression and may have benefits for public mental health.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--Coronavirus: How a Rational CDC Scientist Would Think, if One Existed

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greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--OP-ED: Coronavirus: How a Rational CDC Scientist Would Think, if One Existed

In a recent article , I explained why the diagnostic test for the coronavirus in a patient is worthless and unreliable .
The implications of that fact are enormous .
Here , I want to make further comments on fake science .
A rational researcher , at the CDC , if one existed , would say , upon hearing of a possible outbreak in the city of Wuhan : `` Let 's see the proof that a new virus is responsible , is the causative agent . ''
What kind of proof would he be asking for ?
First , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Do researchers there have an actual biological specimen of this new virus ?
Do they have the real thing ? ''
And if the answer came back yes , he would reply , `` We 're sending in one of our Wuhan people so he can confirm that . ''
But how would the confirmation work ?
You ca n't just lay a specimen of a virus on a table and shine a light on it .
It 's far too small to see .
There is a traditional method of observation .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( an EM ) .
Certain established procedures exist for obtaining an EM from a patient 's tissue sample .
The CDC scientist would want to make sure the Chinese scientists had carried out this process correctly .
He would say , `` Let 's have a look at the Chinese EM . ''
He wants to confirm there are many identical particles of the new virus in the EM .
Let 's buck the odds and imagine he does confirm it .
So far , so good .
But there is more @ @ @ @ @ @ @ meets the road and the failure factor is very high .
I need to back up a bit to explain .
When a clinical trial of a new drug is done ( and here I 'll make a gigantic leap and assume it 's done correctly ) , is it carried out on one patient ?
Is the result of giving the drug to a single patient then extrapolated to mean everyone will react the way this one person did ?
Of course not .
That would be absurd .
In a clinical @ @ @ @ @ @ @ are dealing with a large number of volunteers .
A thousand or more .
So , in the case of a new coronavirus , in China , the rational CDC scientist would say : `` I want to see electron microscope photographs derived from five hundred patients who have been provisionally diagnosed with the new disease . ''
I myself ask , where are these photographs ?
Where are the completely necessary photographs ?
Because the Chinese scientist would tell his CDC counterpart , `` Oh , we did n't carry out the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ We carried it out on one .
Two .
Maybe three .
I 'm not sure . ''
At which point , this fantasy rational CDC scientist would blow his stack .
He would say , `` You 're declaring a new epidemic based on two or three photographs from two or three patients ?
? ''
Of course , I would need rock solid proof that , at the CDC , there is a rational scientist who would ask for EM pictures from five hundred patients , and explode if he could @ @ @ @ @ @ @ done .
Show me such a rational CDC scientist .
Bring him forward .
I want to interview him .
I want to find out how he feels being ostracized by every other scientist at the CDC .
Consider this likely scenario -- -which explains why researchers only did the EMs on two or three of the patients .
If someone actually performed the electron microscope work on 500 patients diagnosed with the new disease , he would find some indication , in the photographs , of a coronavirus in maybe nine patients @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , they would shrug and say , `` Well , wow , that did n't work out .
What a flop .
Our hypothesis of a new disease based on a new coronavirus collapsed .
We should have been able to see lots of the virus in the photos from ALL 500 patients , or at least the overwhelming percentage of the 500 .
And we did n't .
Back to the drawing board .
Let 's see .
What 's the primary sign of the new disease ?
Pneumonia ?
Come to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in China die of pneumonia every year .
How about we look at some studies on the air quality here in Wuhan ?
I think my colleague down the block has a pile of them .
Let 's walk over there .
Anybody have a searchlight so we can see the street through the fog of pollution ?
Let me get my oxygen tank and breathing helmet . ''
And that would be the end of that .
Back in Atlanta , the rational CDC scientist would say to his colleagues , `` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
How about we spend the afternoon going through some of our own studies on vaccines ?
I know the fraud is rampant .
Let 's get it out in the open . ''
Sure .
Happens every day over at the CDC .
Of course , I could be wrong .
Maybe someone has done electron microscope photographs derived from 500 patients diagnosed with the new epidemic disease .
LET 'S SEE THE PHOTOS .
SHOW THEM TO ME .
We 'll have a few non-conflicted experts analyze them .
Otherwise , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is no science going on .
Talk about fakery .
And liability .
And prison .

Originally published on www.blog.nomorefakenews.com
OP-ED by Jon Rappoport
In a recent article, I explained why the diagnostic test for the coronavirus in a patient is worthless and unreliable. The implications of that fact are enormous.
Here, I want to make further comments on fake science.
A rational researcher, at the CDC, if one existed, would say, upon hearing of a possible outbreak in the city of Wuhan: "Let's see the proof that a new virus is responsible, is the causative agent."
What kind of proof would he be asking for?
First, he would want to know, "Do researchers there have an actual biological specimen of this new virus? Do they have the real thing?"
And if the answer came back yes, he would reply, "We're sending in one of our Wuhan people so he can confirm that."
But how would the confirmation work? You can't just lay a specimen of a virus on a table and shine a light on it. It's far too small to see.
There is a traditional method of observation. It's called an electron microscope photograph (an EM). Certain established procedures exist for obtaining an EM from a patient's tissue sample. The CDC scientist would want to make sure the Chinese scientists had carried out this process correctly.
He would say, "Let's have a look at the Chinese EM." He wants to confirm there are many identical particles of the new virus in the EM. Let's buck the odds and imagine he does confirm it. So far, so good.
But there is more. And here is where the rubber meets the road and the failure factor is very high. I need to back up a bit to explain.
When a clinical trial of a new drug is done (and here I'll make a gigantic leap and assume it's done correctly), is it carried out on one patient?
Is the result of giving the drug to a single patient then extrapolated to mean everyone will react the way this one person did? Of course not. That would be absurd. In a clinical trial, sooner or later, researchers are dealing with a large number of volunteers. A thousand or more.
So, in the case of a new coronavirus, in China, the rational CDC scientist would say: "I want to see electron microscope photographs derived from five hundred patients who have been provisionally diagnosed with the new disease."
I myself ask, where are these photographs? Where are the completely necessary photographs? Because the Chinese scientist would tell his CDC counterpart, "Oh, we didn't carry out the EM procedure on five hundred patients. We carried it out on one. Two. Maybe three. I'm not sure."
At which point, this fantasy rational CDC scientist would blow his stack. He would say, "You're declaring a new epidemic based on two or three photographs from two or three patients??"
Of course, I would need rock solid proof that, at the CDC, there is a rational scientist who would ask for EM pictures from five hundred patients, and explode if he couldn't find them because they were never done. Show me such a rational CDC scientist. Bring him forward. I want to interview him. I want to find out how he feels being ostracized by every other scientist at the CDC.
Consider this likely scenario---which explains why researchers only did the EMs on two or three of the patients. If someone actually performed the electron microscope work on 500 patients diagnosed with the new disease, he would find some indication, in the photographs, of a coronavirus in maybe nine patients.
At which point, in Wuhan, they would shrug and say, "Well, wow, that didn't work out. What a flop. Our hypothesis of a new disease based on a new coronavirus collapsed. We should have been able to see lots of the virus in the photos from ALL 500 patients, or at least the overwhelming percentage of the 500. And we didn't. Back to the drawing board. Let's see. What's the primary sign of the new disease? Pneumonia? Come to think of it, about 300,000 people in China die of pneumonia every year. How about we look at some studies on the air quality here in Wuhan? I think my colleague down the block has a pile of them. Let's walk over there. Anybody have a searchlight so we can see the street through the fog of pollution? Let me get my oxygen tank and breathing helmet."
And that would be the end of that.
Back in Atlanta, the rational CDC scientist would say to his colleagues, "That Chinese outbreak wasn't a virus. How about we spend the afternoon going through some of our own studies on vaccines? I know the fraud is rampant. Let's get it out in the open."
Sure. Happens every day over at the CDC.
Of course, I could be wrong. Maybe someone has done electron microscope photographs derived from 500 patients diagnosed with the new epidemic disease. LET'S SEE THE PHOTOS. SHOW THEM TO ME. We'll have a few non-conflicted experts analyze them.
Otherwise, don't talk about science. There is no science going on.
Talk about fakery. And liability. And prison.
For more information on the problem with testing, and false positives, read David Crowe's article here: Does the 2017 Coronavirus Epidemic Exist?


greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--Vitamin C supplementation attenuates the oxidative stress and inflammatory response to a single bout

Vitamin C supplementation attenuates the oxidative stress and inflammatory response to a single bout of exercise.

BACKGROUND : Vitamin C ( ascorbic acid ) seems to attenuate the overproduction of reactive species during and after exercises .
Yet , no meta-analysis has summarized the magnitude of this effect .
The objective of this study was to systematically review the effects of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress , inflammatory markers , damage , soreness , and the musculoskeletal functionality after a single bout of exercise .
METHODS : Major electronic databases were searched , from inception to September 2019 , for placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials ( RCTs ) that evaluated the effects of vitamin C supplementation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , muscle damage , muscle soreness , and muscle functionality after a single bout of exercise in healthy volunteers .
Random-effects modelling was used to compare mean changes from pre- to postexercise in participants that were supplemented with vitamin C versus placebo .
Data were reported as standard mean difference ( SMD ) and 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) .
RESULTS : A total of 18 RCTs , accounting for 313 participants ( 62 % males , median age = 24 years ) were included .
Vitamin C supplementation reduced lipid @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ; 95 % CI = - 0.888 to - 0.088 ) , 1 h ( SMD = - 0.521 ; 95 % CI = - 0.911 to - 0.131 ) and between 1 and 2 h ( SMD = - 0.449 ; 95 % CI = - 0.772 to - 0.126 ) following exercise .
Exercise induced interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) response was attenuated 2 h ( SMD = - 0.764 ; 95 % CI = - 1.279 to - 0.248 ) and between 1 and 2 h ( SMD = - 0.447 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to - 0.065 ) after exercise .
No effects of vitamin C supplementation were found on creatine kinase ( CK ) , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , cortisol levels , muscle soreness , and muscle strength .
CONCLUSION : Vitamin C supplementation attenuates the oxidative stress ( lipid peroxidation ) and inflammatory response ( IL-6 ) to a single bout of exercise .

BACKGROUND: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) seems to attenuate the overproduction of reactive species during and after exercises. Yet, no meta-analysis has summarized the magnitude of this effect. The objective of this study was to systematically review the effects of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, damage, soreness, and the musculoskeletal functionality after a single bout of exercise.
METHODS: Major electronic databases were searched, from inception to September 2019, for placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress parameters, inflammation markers, muscle damage, muscle soreness, and muscle functionality after a single bout of exercise in healthy volunteers. Random-effects modelling was used to compare mean changes from pre- to postexercise in participants that were supplemented with vitamin C versus placebo. Data were reported as standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS: A total of 18 RCTs, accounting for 313 participants (62% males, median age = 24 years) were included. Vitamin C supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation immediately (SMD = - 0.488; 95% CI = - 0.888 to - 0.088), 1 h (SMD = - 0.521; 95% CI = - 0.911 to - 0.131) and between 1 and 2 h (SMD = - 0.449; 95% CI = - 0.772 to - 0.126) following exercise. Exercise induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) response was attenuated 2 h (SMD = - 0.764; 95% CI = - 1.279 to - 0.248) and between 1 and 2 h (SMD = - 0.447; 95% CI = - 0.828 to - 0.065) after exercise. No effects of vitamin C supplementation were found on creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol levels, muscle soreness, and muscle strength.
CONCLUSION: Vitamin C supplementation attenuates the oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and inflammatory response (IL-6) to a single bout of exercise.
REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42018094222).


greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--Schisandra chinensis extract may be a potential therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.

Acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) inhibition and antioxidants are two common strategies for the treatment in the early stage of Alzheimer 's Disease ( AD ) .
In this study , extracts from nine traditional Chinese medical ( TCM ) herbs were tested for anti-AChE activity by Ellman 's microplate assay and cytotoxicity by CCK-8 .
Based on its excellent AChE inhibition effect and its lowest cytotoxicity , ( SC ) extract was selected to do the mechanism research .
SC extract protected pheochromocytoma ( PC12 ) cells against HO-induced toxicity by improving the cell survival rate in a dose-dependent manner @ @ @ @ @ @ @ radical ( DPPH ) scavenging activities , ferric reducing antioxidant power ( FRAP ) , and 2,2'-Azino-bis- ( 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ) ( ABTS ) radical scavenging .
To confirm these results , the scopolamine-induced mice models were utilized in this study .
Compared with the positive drug ( piracetam ) , SC could also exhibit similar effects to alleviate the mice 's cognitive deficits .
Moreover , in the mice brain samples , the AChE activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) levels of SC-treatment group both showed a reverse as compared to model @ @ @ @ @ @ @ all suggested that SC extract may be a potential therapeutic candidate for AD .

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and antioxidants are two common strategies for the treatment in the early stage of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In this study, extracts from nine traditional Chinese medical (TCM) herbs were tested for anti-AChE activity by Ellman's microplate assay and cytotoxicity by CCK-8. Based on its excellent AChE inhibition effect and its lowest cytotoxicity,(SC) extract was selected to do the mechanism research. SC extract protected pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells against HO-induced toxicity by improving the cell survival rate in a dose-dependent manner. And it also showed significant free radical (DPPH) scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2'-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging. To confirm these results, the scopolamine-induced mice models were utilized in this study. Compared with the positive drug (piracetam), SC could also exhibit similar effects to alleviate the mice's cognitive deficits. Moreover, in the mice brain samples, the AChE activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of SC-treatment group both showed a reverse as compared to model group. Taken together, these results all suggested that SC extract may be a potential therapeutic candidate for AD.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-13--Zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation for 1 month had an ameliorative effect on the hepatotoxicity

Zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation for 1 month had an ameliorative effect on the hepatotoxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in wheat miller workers.

Background Aflatoxin B1 ( AFB1 ) is classified as a Group I carcinogen .
A Previous study found that oxidative stress from the metabolism of AFB1 induced hepatotoxic effects in wheat miller workers .
Zinc and vitamin C may play a significant role in the activation of detoxification and overcoming the oxidative stress of AFB1 .
Objectives A prospective clinical trial was designed to evaluate the role of zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation on the oxidant-antioxidant status and the hepatotoxic effects of AFB1 in wheat miller workers .
Methods Liver enzymes ( ALT , AST , ALP , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( MDA ) , glutathione S transferase ( GST ) , Superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , zinc and vitamin C were estimated in 35 wheat miller workers before and after zinc and vitamin C supplementation for 1 month .
Results The results revealed that zinc and vitamin C were significantly increased after the one-month supplementation , while liver enzymes ( AST , ALP , and GGT ) , MDA , and GST of the workers were significantly decreased .
SOD and P53 were also decreased but not to a significant level ; @ @ @ @ @ @ @ P53 was decreased in 58 % of the total workers .
Conclusions Zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation for 1 month had an ameliorative effect on the hepatotoxicity of AFB1 in wheat miller workers , through decreasing MDA , SOD , and GST levels that in turn led to an improvement in their liver enzymes .
Further study on a larger scale is needed to confirm these results .

Background Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is classified as a Group I carcinogen. A Previous study found that oxidative stress from the metabolism of AFB1 induced hepatotoxic effects in wheat miller workers. Zinc and vitamin C may play a significant role in the activation of detoxification and overcoming the oxidative stress of AFB1. Objectives A prospective clinical trial was designed to evaluate the role of zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation on the oxidant-antioxidant status and the hepatotoxic effects of AFB1 in wheat miller workers. Methods Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT), P53 protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione S transferase (GST), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), zinc and vitamin C were estimated in 35 wheat miller workers before and after zinc and vitamin C supplementation for 1 month. Results The results revealed that zinc and vitamin C were significantly increased after the one-month supplementation, while liver enzymes (AST, ALP, and GGT), MDA, and GST of the workers were significantly decreased. SOD and P53 were also decreased but not to a significant level; SOD was decreased in 56% and P53 was decreased in 58% of the total workers. Conclusions Zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation for 1 month had an ameliorative effect on the hepatotoxicity of AFB1 in wheat miller workers, through decreasing MDA, SOD, and GST levels that in turn led to an improvement in their liver enzymes. Further study on a larger scale is needed to confirm these results.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-14--Schisandrol B promotes liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice.

Liver regeneration is a vital process of recovery after liver damage , which is a promising clinical strategy after partial @ @ @ @ @ Schisandrol B ( SolB ) , one of the bioactive ingredients from Schisandra sphenanthera , @ @ @ @ @ drug-induced liver injure in mice .
However , the effect of SolB on liver regeneration @ @ @ @ @ Here , we showed that SolB treatment promoted liver mass restoration and increased the number @ @ @ @ @ .
SolB treatment significantly improved the levels of growth factors ( HGF and EGF ) @ @ @ @ @ , which further activated STAT3/Akt/MAPK signaling pathways and induced the expression of several the protein @ @ @ @ @ Overall , this study is the first to demonstrate the role of SolB in promoting @ @ @ @ @ , which provide a clinically relevant argument for using SolB to facilitate liver recovery after @ @ @ @ @ .

Liver regeneration is a vital process of recovery after liver damage, which is a promising clinical strategy after partial hepatectomy (PHx). Schisandrol B (SolB), one of the bioactive ingredients from Schisandra sphenanthera, displays significant hepato-protection effects against drug-induced liver injure in mice. However, the effect of SolB on liver regeneration after PHx remains unclear. Here, we showed that SolB treatment promoted liver mass restoration and increased the number of proliferative hepatocytes following PHx. SolB treatment significantly improved the levels of growth factors (HGF and EGF) and cytokines (IL-6), which further activated STAT3/Akt/MAPK signaling pathways and induced the expression of several the protein of cell cycle core. Overall, this study is the first to demonstrate the role of SolB in promoting liver regeneration during PHx challenge, which provide a clinically relevant argument for using SolB to facilitate liver recovery after undergoing PHx or liver transplantation.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-14--S. chinensis may find use as a complementary medicine in cyclophosphamide treatment.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Schisandra chinensis ( Turcz . )
Baill ( S. chinensis ) has been used for thousands years in China , and is usually applied in treatment of urinary tract disorders and liver injury .
S. chinensis extract ( SCE ) has board protective effects on liver , kidney and nervous system .
Schisandra lignans are generally considered as the bioactive components of SCE .
AIM OF THE STUDY : To investigate the pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions ( HDIs ) between SCE and cyclophosphamide ( CTX ) .
To evaluate the protective effects of SCE against CTX induced damage @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : The pharmacokinetic HDIs between SCE and CTX were investigated by determining plasma concentrations of CTX and three metabolites , namely 4-ketocyclophosphamide ( 4-Keto ) , 2-dechloroethylcyclophosphamide ( DCCTX ) and carboxyphosphamide ( CPM ) using a previously developed UPLC-MS/MS method .
To evaluate the protective effects of SCE pretreatment , toxicity and oxidation stress assessments along with histology investigations were carried out in rat liver , kidney and brain .
RESULTS : The equimolar produced metabolite DCCTX was chosen to reflect chloroacetaldehyde ( CAA , a toxic metabolite @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Single-dose pretreatment of SCE significantly reduced CAA production and decreased the Cand AUCof DCCTX by 69 % and 49 % respectively ( P < 0.05 ) .
After pretreated with SCE for 7 consecutive days , the Cand AUCof DCCTX were still decreased ( -25 % and -37 % , P < 0.05 ) when compared with CTX alone group .
Parallel toxicity and oxidation stress investigations showed that single-dose SCE pretreatment significantly decreased plasma BUN and Cr levels ( -12 % and -46 % , respectively ) and reduced liver AST activity @ @ @ @ @ @ @ SCE pretreatment potently increased the brain GSH content by 7.8-fold , and reduced MDA levels in rat liver , kidney and brain by 39 % , 28 % and 31 % , respectively ( compared with CTX alone group ) .
The protective effects of SCE were also supported by histological observations .
CONCLUSION : Our experiment results suggest that S. chinensis may find use as a complementary medicine in CTX treatment .

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (S. chinensis) has been used for thousands years in China, and is usually applied in treatment of urinary tract disorders and liver injury. S. chinensis extract (SCE) has board protective effects on liver, kidney and nervous system. Schisandra lignans are generally considered as the bioactive components of SCE.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions (HDIs) between SCE and cyclophosphamide (CTX). To evaluate the protective effects of SCE against CTX induced damage in rat liver, kidney and brain.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pharmacokinetic HDIs between SCE and CTX were investigated by determining plasma concentrations of CTX and three metabolites, namely 4-ketocyclophosphamide (4-Keto), 2-dechloroethylcyclophosphamide (DCCTX) and carboxyphosphamide (CPM) using a previously developed UPLC-MS/MS method. To evaluate the protective effects of SCE pretreatment, toxicity and oxidation stress assessments along with histology investigations were carried out in rat liver, kidney and brain.
RESULTS: The equimolar produced metabolite DCCTX was chosen to reflect chloroacetaldehyde (CAA, a toxic metabolite of CTX) production in rats. Single-dose pretreatment of SCE significantly reduced CAA production and decreased the Cand AUCof DCCTX by 69% and 49% respectively (P<0.05). After pretreated with SCE for 7 consecutive days, the Cand AUCof DCCTX were still decreased (-25% and -37%, P<0.05) when compared with CTX alone group. Parallel toxicity and oxidation stress investigations showed that single-dose SCE pretreatment significantly decreased plasma BUN and Cr levels (-12% and -46%, respectively) and reduced liver AST activity (-32%). Moreover, SCE pretreatment potently increased the brain GSH content by 7.8-fold, and reduced MDA levels in rat liver, kidney and brain by 39%, 28% and 31%, respectively (compared with CTX alone group). The protective effects of SCE were also supported by histological observations.
CONCLUSION: Our experiment results suggest that S. chinensis may find use as a complementary medicine in CTX treatment.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-14--Targeted lignan profiling and anti-inflammatory properties of Schisandra rubriflora and Schisandra c

Targeted lignan profiling and anti-inflammatory properties of Schisandra rubriflora and Schisandra chinensis extracts.

is a dioecious plant of increasing importance due to its lignan composition , and therefore , possible therapeutic properties .
The aim of the work was lignan profiling of fruits , leaves and shoots of female ( F ) and male ( M ) plants using UHPLC-MS/MS .
Additionally , the anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts and individual lignans was tested in vitro for the inhibition of 15-lipooxygenase ( 15-LOX ) , phospholipases A2 ( sPLA₂ ) , cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 ( COX-1 ; COX-2 ) enzyme activities .
The extracts of fruits , leaves and shoots of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Twenty-four lignans were monitored .
Lignan contents infruit extracts amounted to 1055.65 mg/100 g DW and the dominant compounds included schisanhenol , aneloylgomisin H , schisantherin B , schisandrin A , gomisin O , angeloylgomisin O and gomisin G. The content of lignan in leaf extracts was 853.33 ( F ) and 1106.80 ( M ) mg/100 g DW .
Shoot extracts were poorer in lignans-559.97 ( F ) and 384.80 ( M ) mg/100 g DW .
Schisantherin B , schisantherin A , 6 -- benzoylgomisin O and angeloylgomisin H were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ extracts .
The total content of detected lignans infruit , leaf and shoot extracts was : 1686.95 , 433.59 and 313.83 mg/100 g DW , respectively .
Gomisin N , schisandrin A , schisandrin , gomisin D , schisantherin B , gomisin A , angeloylgomisin H and gomisin J were the dominant lignans infruit extracts were .
The results of anti-inflammatory assays revealed higher activity ofextracts .
Individual lignans showed significant inhibitory activity against 15-LOX , COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes .

is a dioecious plant of increasing importance due to its lignan composition, and therefore, possible therapeutic properties. The aim of the work was lignan profiling of fruits, leaves and shoots of female (F) and male (M) plants using UHPLC-MS/MS. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts and individual lignans was tested in vitro for the inhibition of 15-lipooxygenase (15-LOX), phospholipases A2 (sPLA₂), cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1; COX-2) enzyme activities. The extracts of fruits, leaves and shoots of the pharmacopoeial species, were tested for comparison. Twenty-four lignans were monitored. Lignan contents infruit extracts amounted to 1055.65 mg/100 g DW and the dominant compounds included schisanhenol, aneloylgomisin H, schisantherin B, schisandrin A, gomisin O, angeloylgomisin O and gomisin G. The content of lignan in leaf extracts was 853.33 (F) and 1106.80 (M) mg/100 g DW. Shoot extracts were poorer in lignans-559.97 (F) and 384.80 (M) mg/100 g DW. Schisantherin B, schisantherin A, 6--benzoylgomisin O and angeloylgomisin H were the dominant compounds in leaf and shoot extracts. The total content of detected lignans infruit, leaf and shoot extracts was: 1686.95, 433.59 and 313.83 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Gomisin N, schisandrin A, schisandrin, gomisin D, schisantherin B, gomisin A, angeloylgomisin H and gomisin J were the dominant lignans infruit extracts were. The results of anti-inflammatory assays revealed higher activity ofextracts. Individual lignans showed significant inhibitory activity against 15-LOX, COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.


greenmedinfo--2020-03-14--Gomisin A might be a potential novel therapeutic agent for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Gomisin A ( G.A ) is a dietary lignan compound from .
In this study , the effect of G.A on the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer ( CRC ) cells was investigated using several CRC cell lines and a lung metastasis mouse model .
Both oral and intraperitoneal administration of G.A ( 50 mg/kg ) inhibited lung metastasis of CT26 cells .
Various concentrations of G.A were incubated with CRC cell lines and their viability was determined using a cell counting kit-8 assay .
G.A significantly decreased the viability of various CRC cell lines , whereas it did @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cells .
G.A induced G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis of CT26 and HT29 cells by regulating cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 ( CDK4 ) expression and apoptotic proteins such as caspases and B-cell lymphoma-2 ( Bcl-2 ) family proteins , respectively .
G.A-induced apoptosis was mediated by AMPK/p38 activation in CRC cells .
A non-cytotoxic concentration of G.A inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CRC cells by modulating E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression levels .
Moreover , the migration and invasion of CRC cells were reduced by G.A treatment .
Especially , G.A decreased matrix metalloproteinase ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ activities .
G.A ameliorated lung metastasis of CRC cells by decreasing cell survival and metastatic abilities of CRC cells .
Thus , G.A might be a potential novel therapeutic agent for metastatic CRC .

Gomisin A (G.A) is a dietary lignan compound from. In this study, the effect of G.A on the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was investigated using several CRC cell lines and a lung metastasis mouse model. Both oral and intraperitoneal administration of G.A (50 mg/kg) inhibited lung metastasis of CT26 cells. Various concentrations of G.A were incubated with CRC cell lines and their viability was determined using a cell counting kit-8 assay. G.A significantly decreased the viability of various CRC cell lines, whereas it did not change the proliferation of normal colon cells. G.A induced G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis of CT26 and HT29 cells by regulating cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) expression and apoptotic proteins such as caspases and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, respectively. G.A-induced apoptosis was mediated by AMPK/p38 activation in CRC cells. A non-cytotoxic concentration of G.A inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CRC cells by modulating E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression levels. Moreover, the migration and invasion of CRC cells were reduced by G.A treatment. Especially, G.A decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expressions and activities. G.A ameliorated lung metastasis of CRC cells by decreasing cell survival and metastatic abilities of CRC cells. Thus, G.A might be a potential novel therapeutic agent for metastatic CRC.