greenmedinfo--2020-04-23--This paper discusses the bioactivity of medicinal plant extracts and their use as wound closure indu

This paper discusses the bioactivity of medicinal plant extracts and their use as wound closure inducing agents.

Cosmetic ingredients derived from Achillea millefolium function in cosmetics as skin-conditioning agents-miscellaneous , skin-conditioning agents-humectants , and fragrance ingredients .
@ @ @ @ @ Panel ( Panel ) reviewed relevant animal and human data to determine their safety in @ @ @ @ @ cosmetics containing linalool , thujone , quercetin , hydroquinone , orα-peroxyachifolid .
Because final product @ @ @ @ @ , each containing similar constituents of concern , formulators are advised to be aware of @ @ @ @ @ reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers .
Additionally , industry was advised to @ @ @ @ @ impurities .
The Panel concluded that achillea millefolium extract , achillea millefolium flower extract , @ @ @ @ @ are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics when formulated to @ @ @

Cosmetic ingredients derived from Achillea millefolium function in cosmetics as skin-conditioning agents-miscellaneous, skin-conditioning agents-humectants, and fragrance ingredients. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed relevant animal and human data to determine their safety in cosmetics and raised concerns about cosmetics containing linalool, thujone, quercetin, hydroquinone, orα-peroxyachifolid. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing similar constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these components and to avoid reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers. Additionally, industry was advised to usegood manufacturing practices to limit impurities. The Panel concluded that achillea millefolium extract, achillea millefolium flower extract, and achillea millefolium flower/leaf/stem extract are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics when formulated to be nonsensitizing.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-23--This study demonstrates that yarrow increases the proliferation and stimulation of dermal fibroblast

This study demonstrates that yarrow increases the proliferation and stimulation of dermal fibroblasts, suggesting it may have wound healing properties.

AIM : In the present study , we aimed the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium ( HEAML ) on human skin fibroblast cells ( HSF-PI-16 ) proliferation , stimulation and growth properties .
METHODS : Initially , using HSF-PI-16 monolayer culture , we created one line scratch method as an in vitro wound closure and after 3 days monitored via an inverted microscopy .
RESULTS : HEAML selectively inhibited proliferation of HSF-PI-16 cells at higher concentration ( > 20.0 mg/mL ) , and stimulated at lower concentrations ( < 20.0 mg/mL ) .
Following , HSF-PI-16 media @ @ @ @ @ @ @ demonstrated significantly elevated proliferation rates ( p < 0.05 ) and stimulation in a scratch wound assay ( p < 0.04 ) .
Furthermore , the morphological analysis of HSF-PI-16 cells at culture media were detected the figures of round to spindle , non-adherent , immature and mature cells .
CONCLUSION : These results clearly demonstrate the absence of any toxic effect of HEAML on human skin fibroblasts .
To the best of our knowledge , this is the first report elucidating potential mechanisms of action of HEAML on fibroblasts proliferation , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a better understanding of its effect in future studies .

AIM: In the present study, we aimed the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium (HEAML) on human skin fibroblast cells (HSF-PI-16) proliferation, stimulation and growth properties.
METHODS: Initially, using HSF-PI-16 monolayer culture, we created one line scratch method as an in vitro wound closure and after 3 days monitored via an inverted microscopy.
RESULTS: HEAML selectively inhibited proliferation of HSF-PI-16 cells at higher concentration (>20.0 mg/mL), and stimulated at lower concentrations (<20.0 mg/mL). Following, HSF-PI-16 media treatments up to 72 h, HEAML demonstrated significantly elevated proliferation rates (p<0.05) and stimulation in a scratch wound assay (p<0.04). Furthermore, the morphological analysis of HSF-PI-16 cells at culture media were detected the figures of round to spindle, non-adherent, immature and mature cells.
CONCLUSION: These results clearly demonstrate the absence of any toxic effect of HEAML on human skin fibroblasts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report elucidating potential mechanisms of action of HEAML on fibroblasts proliferation, and stimulation, offering a greater insight and a better understanding of its effect in future studies.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-23--Yarrow promotes skin resurfacing and improves the appearance of wrinkles and pores.

Proopiomelanocortin is a precursor peptide that gives rise to several neuropeptides including adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( ACTH ) andβ-endorphin .
POMC-derived peptides have been shown to be synthesized in human epidermis where they modulate numerous skin functions .
Because we previously observed that melanocortin receptor-2 and μ-opioid receptor 1 , the respective receptors for ACTH and β-endorphin decreased with ageing in human epidermis , we have selected an active ingredient ( INCI name : Achillea millefolium extract ) able to upregulate receptor expressions .
The aim of the present work was first to evaluate the effect of A. millefolium extract on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ markers ex vivoin normal human skin biopsies using quantitative image analysis and second to evaluate its capacity to rejuvenate the appearance of skin surface in vivo .
Results show an improved expression profile of cytokeratin 10 , transglutaminase-1 and filaggrin in cultured skin biopsies as well as an increasedepidermal thickness .
In vivo , a 2-month treatment with A. millefolium extract at 2 % significantly improved the appearance of wrinkles and pores compared with placebo .
Results were also directionally better than those of glycolic acid that was chosen as reference resurfacing molecule @

Proopiomelanocortin is a precursor peptide that gives rise to several neuropeptides including adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) andβ-endorphin. POMC-derived peptides have been shown to be synthesized in human epidermis where they modulate numerous skin functions. Because we previously observed that melanocortin receptor-2 and μ-opioid receptor 1, the respective receptors for ACTH and β-endorphin decreased with ageing in human epidermis, we have selected an active ingredient (INCI name: Achillea millefolium extract) able to upregulate receptor expressions. The aim of the present work was first to evaluate the effect of A. millefolium extract on the expression pattern of various epidermal differentiation markers ex vivoin normal human skin biopsies using quantitative image analysis and second to evaluate its capacity to rejuvenate the appearance of skin surface in vivo. Results show an improved expression profile of cytokeratin 10, transglutaminase-1 and filaggrin in cultured skin biopsies as well as an increasedepidermal thickness. In vivo, a 2-month treatment with A. millefolium extract at 2% significantly improved the appearance of wrinkles and pores compared with placebo. Results were also directionally better than those of glycolic acid that was chosen as reference resurfacing molecule.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-23--Yarrow demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Olive or sunflower oil yarrow extracts have been extensively used against inflammatory disorders and skin wound healing in traditional medicine .
AIM OF THE STUDY : To evaluate oil yarrow extracts traditional use in treatment of topical/dermatological skin impairments , sodium lauryl sulfate test was applied , and in vivo measuring of the biophysical parameters ( erythema index , skin capacitance and the pH of the skin ) in the artificially irritated skin was performed .
As traditionally olive and sunflower oil have been used equally for extracts production , the experiment was carried out to investigate @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the advantage over the other , and if the method of extraction might influence the desired activity .
The observed activity has been connected to the chemical profile of the investigated extracts and their antioxidative properties .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : In vivo measurements were performed using the appropriate probes for measuring skin capacitance , pH of the skin and erythema index ( EI ) .
The designed experiment enabled the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of a seven-day application of oil yarrow extracts known in traditional medicine , on artificially irritated skin @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the investigated samples was achieved applying the HPLC and UHPLC-MS methods .
Also , ferric reducing antioxidant power ( FRAP ) test was performed to assess the antioxidant properties of the investigated samples .
RESULTS : The application of tested oil extracts on artificially irritated skin in vivo demonstrated the ability to re-establish their optimal pH and hydration of skin to the values measured prior to the irritation .
Considering the EI transition , the investigated samples succeeded in re-establishing the baseline values , with no significant difference after three- and seven-day application @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the study showed that the oil yarrow extracts had an evident anti-inflammatory property .
Namely , the investigated extracts demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effect in an in vivo double blind randomized study , using a sodium lauryl sulfate test .
The skin parameters assessed in the study ( skin capacitance , pH and EI ) were restored to the basal values after three- and seven-day treatment with the tested extracts .
The shown effects were attributed to yarrow oil extracts composition .
The yarrow oil extracts might be used as promising base in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ agents with a positive impact on the skin pH and its moisture content .

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Olive or sunflower oil yarrow extracts have been extensively used against inflammatory disorders and skin wound healing in traditional medicine.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate oil yarrow extracts traditional use in treatment of topical/dermatological skin impairments, sodium lauryl sulfate test was applied, and in vivo measuring of the biophysical parameters (erythema index, skin capacitance and the pH of the skin) in the artificially irritated skin was performed. As traditionally olive and sunflower oil have been used equally for extracts production, the experiment was carried out to investigate whether any of the oil extractants has the advantage over the other, and if the method of extraction might influence the desired activity. The observed activity has been connected to the chemical profile of the investigated extracts and their antioxidative properties.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vivo measurements were performed using the appropriate probes for measuring skin capacitance, pH of the skin and erythema index (EI). The designed experiment enabled the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of a seven-day application of oil yarrow extracts known in traditional medicine, on artificially irritated skin of volunteers. The chemical profile for the investigated samples was achieved applying the HPLC and UHPLC-MS methods. Also, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test was performed to assess the antioxidant properties of the investigated samples.
RESULTS: The application of tested oil extracts on artificially irritated skin in vivo demonstrated the ability to re-establish their optimal pH and hydration of skin to the values measured prior to the irritation. Considering the EI transition, the investigated samples succeeded in re-establishing the baseline values, with no significant difference after three- and seven-day application.
CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained in the study showed that the oil yarrow extracts had an evident anti-inflammatory property. Namely, the investigated extracts demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effect in an in vivo double blind randomized study, using a sodium lauryl sulfate test. The skin parameters assessed in the study (skin capacitance, pH and EI) were restored to the basal values after three- and seven-day treatment with the tested extracts. The shown effects were attributed to yarrow oil extracts composition. The yarrow oil extracts might be used as promising base in the phytopreparations designed for dermatological application as anti-inflammatory agents with a positive impact on the skin pH and its moisture content.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Inflammatory response under zinc deficiency is exacerbated by dysfunction of the T helper type 2 lym

Inflammatory response under zinc deficiency is exacerbated by dysfunction of the T helper type 2 lymphocyte–M2 macrophage pathway.

Nutritional zinc deficiency leads to immune dysfunction and aggravates inflammation .
However , the underlying mechanism remains unknown .
In this study , the relationship between macrophage subtypes ( M1 and M2 ) and helper T lymphocytes ( Th1 and Th2 ) was investigated using the spleen from rats fed zinc-deficient or standard diet .
In experiment I , 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a zinc-deficient diet ( without zinc additives ) or a standard diet ( containing 0·01 % zinc ) for 6 weeks .
In experiment II , the rats were divided into four groups : one @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 6 weeks ; two groups were fed zinc-deficient diets and were injected three times a week with either saline or interleukin-4 ( IL-4 ) ( zinc-deficient/IL-4 i.p . )
; a fourth group ( zinc-deficient/standard ) was fed a zinc-deficient diet for 6 weeks followed by a standard diet for 4 weeks .
In experiment I ; GATA-binding protein 3 ( GATA-3 ) protein level , M2 macrophage , CD3 CD8cells , and IL-4/IL-13-positive cells significantly decreased in the spleens of the zinc-deficient group .
Additionally , IL-1β and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the splenic macrophages of the zinc-deficient group .
In experiment II ; M2 macrophages , CD3 CD8cells , IL-4/IL-13-positive cells , and GATA-3 protein levels significantly increased in the spleens of the zinc-deficient/IL-4 i.p .
and zinc-deficient/standard groups .
Furthermore , IL-1β and MIP-1α mRNA levels decreased in the splenic macrophages of the zinc-deficient/IL-4 i.p .
and zinc-deficient/standard groups .
Zinc deficiency-induced aggravated inflammation is related to Th2 lymphocytes and followed by the association with loss of GATA-3 , IL-4 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages .
Importantly , IL-4 injection or zinc supplementation can @ @ @ @ @ @ @ immune function .

Nutritional zinc deficiency leads to immune dysfunction and aggravates inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the relationship between macrophage subtypes (M1 and M2) and helper T lymphocytes (Th1 and Th2) was investigated using the spleen from rats fed zinc-deficient or standard diet. In experiment I, 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a zinc-deficient diet (without zinc additives) or a standard diet (containing 0·01% zinc) for 6 weeks. In experiment II, the rats were divided into four groups: one group was fed a standard diet for 6 weeks; two groups were fed zinc-deficient diets and were injected three times a week with either saline or interleukin-4 (IL-4) (zinc-deficient/IL-4 i.p.); a fourth group (zinc-deficient/standard) was fed a zinc-deficient diet for 6 weeks followed by a standard diet for 4 weeks. In experiment I; GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3) protein level, M2 macrophage, CD3 CD8cells, and IL-4/IL-13-positive cells significantly decreased in the spleens of the zinc-deficient group. Additionally, IL-1β and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) mRNA levels significantly increased in the splenic macrophages of the zinc-deficient group. In experiment II; M2 macrophages, CD3 CD8cells, IL-4/IL-13-positive cells, and GATA-3 protein levels significantly increased in the spleens of the zinc-deficient/IL-4 i.p. and zinc-deficient/standard groups. Furthermore, IL-1β and MIP-1α mRNA levels decreased in the splenic macrophages of the zinc-deficient/IL-4 i.p. and zinc-deficient/standard groups. Zinc deficiency-induced aggravated inflammation is related to Th2 lymphocytes and followed by the association with loss of GATA-3, IL-4 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Importantly, IL-4 injection or zinc supplementation can reverse the effects of zinc deficiency on immune function.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--The role of zinc and zinc homeostasis in macrophage function.

Zinc has long been recognized as an essential trace element , playing roles in the growth and development of all @ @ @ @ @ decades , zinc homeostasis was also found to be important for the innate immune system @ @ @ @ @ function of macrophages .
It is now generally accepted that dysregulated zinc homeostasis in macrophages @ @ @ @ @ abnormal inflammatory response .
However , many questions remain with respect to the mechanisms that @ @ @ @ @ at the cellular and molecular levels .
Here , we review our current understanding of @ @ @ @ @ zinc transporters play in regulating macrophage function .

Zinc has long been recognized as an essential trace element, playing roles in the growth and development of all living organisms. In recent decades, zinc homeostasis was also found to be important for the innate immune system, especially for maintaining the function of macrophages. It is now generally accepted that dysregulated zinc homeostasis in macrophages causes impaired phagocytosis and an abnormal inflammatory response. However, many questions remain with respect to the mechanisms that underlie these processes, particularly at the cellular and molecular levels. Here, we review our current understanding of the roles that zinc and zinc transporters play in regulating macrophage function.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Zinc inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses by upregulating A20 expression in microglia BV2 ce

Zinc inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses by upregulating A20 expression in microglia BV2 cells.

BACKGROUND : Our previous studies have proved that zinc supplement effectively alleviate depression symptoms in mice , but the mechanisms are still uncertain .
Neuroinflammation is considered as an important aspect in pathogenesis of depression .
To elucidate the role of zinc on neuroinflammation , in this study , we investigated effects of zinc on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) -induced inflammation in BV2 microglia cells , a kind of innate immune cells in central nervous system .
METHODS : BV2 cells were treated by 100 ng/ml LPS to induce inflammatory responses and the effects of zinc sulfate ( ZnSO ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Besides , through culturing HT-22 hippocampus cells by using medium transferred from zinc-intervened BV2 cells , the protective roles of zinc on hippocampus cells were identified .
RESULTS : LPS treatment up-regulated expressions of CD11b , inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) , cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX2 ) , tumor necrosis factorα ( TNFα ) and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) and level of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) .
Meaningfully , zinc was capable of blocking ROS generation and reducing expressions of the above inflammatory cytokines at both 10 μM and 30 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ proved that zinc intervention to BV2 cells could increase the viabilities of hippocampal HT-22 cells cultured by medium of BV2 cells .
Furthermore , the zinc-finger protein A20 , an anti-inflammation factor , was increased by zinc supplement , while levels of p65 , p-IκB and p-p65 were significantly decreased .
LIMITATIONS : More compelling proofs were needed to ensure roles of A20 in anti-inflammatory effects of zinc .
CONCLUSIONS : The present results suggested that zinc inhibits inflammatory responses mediated by microglia cells via upregulation of zinc-finger A20 .
It was proposed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mechanism of previously observed anti-depressive effects of zinc .

BACKGROUND: Our previous studies have proved that zinc supplement effectively alleviate depression symptoms in mice, but the mechanisms are still uncertain. Neuroinflammation is considered as an important aspect in pathogenesis of depression. To elucidate the role of zinc on neuroinflammation, in this study, we investigated effects of zinc on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in BV2 microglia cells, a kind of innate immune cells in central nervous system.
METHODS: BV2 cells were treated by 100 ng/ml LPS to induce inflammatory responses and the effects of zinc sulfate (ZnSO) addition on LPS-induced inflammation were observed. Besides, through culturing HT-22 hippocampus cells by using medium transferred from zinc-intervened BV2 cells, the protective roles of zinc on hippocampus cells were identified.
RESULTS: LPS treatment up-regulated expressions of CD11b, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meaningfully, zinc was capable of blocking ROS generation and reducing expressions of the above inflammatory cytokines at both 10 μM and 30 μM. In addition, it was proved that zinc intervention to BV2 cells could increase the viabilities of hippocampal HT-22 cells cultured by medium of BV2 cells. Furthermore, the zinc-finger protein A20, an anti-inflammation factor, was increased by zinc supplement, while levels of p65, p-IκB and p-p65 were significantly decreased.
LIMITATIONS: More compelling proofs were needed to ensure roles of A20 in anti-inflammatory effects of zinc.
CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggested that zinc inhibits inflammatory responses mediated by microglia cells via upregulation of zinc-finger A20. It was proposed that this anti-inflammatory action might be underlying mechanism of previously observed anti-depressive effects of zinc.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Fever duration and length of hospital stay were longer in children with zinc deficiency compared to

Fever duration and length of hospital stay were longer in children with zinc deficiency compared to those who had normal levels.

Zinc deficiency is highly prevalent in low-income countries , with dramatic consequences to child health , in particular by impairing the immune system resulting in infection .
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency in Thai children who were admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of the dengue viral infection .
Standard cut-off values according to age , sex , time of blood collection , and fasting status were used to define zinc levels .
32 patients were included in the analysis : The mean age was 7.3 years , of whom 56.3 % were males @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever and the remaining had dengue fever .
The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 46.7 % , with boys having a higher risk of zinc deficiency than girls ( OR=7.3 : 95 % CI : 1.5-36.6 ) .
Fever duration and length of hospital stay were longer in children with zinc deficiency compared to those who had normal levels , albeit without a significant difference .
The results of this study provide the rationale for larger studies that will better elucidate the relationship between zinc levels and the @ @ @ @ @ @

Zinc deficiency is highly prevalent in low-income countries, with dramatic consequences to child health, in particular by impairing the immune system resulting in infection. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency in Thai children who were admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of the dengue viral infection. Standard cut-off values according to age, sex, time of blood collection, and fasting status were used to define zinc levels. 32 patients were included in the analysis: The mean age was 7.3 years, of whom 56.3% were males. 11 (34.4%) patients were diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever and the remaining had dengue fever. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 46.7%, with boys having a higher risk of zinc deficiency than girls (OR=7.3: 95%CI: 1.5-36.6). Fever duration and length of hospital stay were longer in children with zinc deficiency compared to those who had normal levels, albeit without a significant difference. The results of this study provide the rationale for larger studies that will better elucidate the relationship between zinc levels and the clinical outcomes of dengue disease.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Zinc nutrition and inflammation in the aging retina.

Zinc is an essential nutrient for human health .
It plays key roles in maintaining protein structure and stability , serves as catalytic factor for many enzymes , and regulates diverse fundamental cellular processes .
Zinc is important in affecting signal transduction and , in particular , in the development and integrity of the immune system , where it affects both innate and adaptive immune responses .
The eye , especially the retina-choroid complex , has an unusually high concentration of zinc compared to other tissues .
The highest amount of zinc is concentrated in the retinal pigment epithelium ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ µg gdry tissue ) , followed by the retina ( 12362.2 µg gdry tissue ) .
The interplay between zinc and inflammation has been explored in other parts of the body but , so far , has not been extensively researched in the eye .
Several lines of evidence suggest that ocular zinc concentration decreases with age , especially in the context of age-related disease .
Thus , a hypothesis that retinal function could be modulated by zinc nutrition is proposed , and subsequently trialled clinically .
In this review , the distribution @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the retina-choroid complex is outlined , especially in relation to inflammation and immunity , and the clinical studies to date are summarized .

Zinc is an essential nutrient for human health. It plays key roles in maintaining protein structure and stability, serves as catalytic factor for many enzymes, and regulates diverse fundamental cellular processes. Zinc is important in affecting signal transduction and, in particular, in the development and integrity of the immune system, where it affects both innate and adaptive immune responses. The eye, especially the retina-choroid complex, has an unusually high concentration of zinc compared to other tissues. The highest amount of zinc is concentrated in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (RPE-choroid, 292± 98.5 µg gdry tissue), followed by the retina (12362.2 µg gdry tissue). The interplay between zinc and inflammation has been explored in other parts of the body but, so far, has not been extensively researched in the eye. Several lines of evidence suggest that ocular zinc concentration decreases with age, especially in the context of age-related disease. Thus, a hypothesis that retinal function could be modulated by zinc nutrition is proposed, and subsequently trialled clinically. In this review, the distribution and the potential role of zinc in the retina-choroid complex is outlined, especially in relation to inflammation and immunity, and the clinical studies to date are summarized.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Insufficient zinc intake enhances lung inflammation in response to agricultural organic dust exposur

Insufficient zinc intake enhances lung inflammation in response to agricultural organic dust exposure.

Organic dust exposure particularly within hog confinement facilities is a significant cause of airway inflammation and lung disease .
In a cohort of Midwestern veterans with COPD and agricultural work exposure we observed reduced zinc intakes which were associated with decreased lung function .
Because insufficient zinc intake is common within the U.S. and a potent modulator of innate immune function , we sought to determine whether deficits in zinc intake would impact the airway inflammatory response to hog confinement facility dust extract ( HDE ) .
Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomized to zinc deficient or matched zinc sufficient @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with intranasal HDE inhalation or saline once or daily for 3 weeks while maintained on specific diets .
Lavage fluid and lung tissue was collected .
Conditions of zinc deficiency were also studied in macrophages exposed to HDE .
Single and repetitive HDE inhalation exposure resulted in increased influx of total cells and neutrophils , increased mediator hyper-responsiveness ( TNFα , IL-6 , CXCL1 , and amphiregulin ) , and enhanced tissue pathology that was more pronounced in zinc deficient mice compared to normal dietary counterparts .
Airway inflammation was most pronounced in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for 3 weeks .
Similarly , macrophages maintained in a zinc deficient environment exhibited increased CXCL1 and IL-23 production as a result of increased NF-κB activation .
Conclusion : Given the relatively high incidence of dietary deficiencies in agriculture workers , we anticipate that zinc intake , or a lack thereof , may play an important role in modulating the host response to organic dust exposure .

Organic dust exposure particularly within hog confinement facilities is a significant cause of airway inflammation and lung disease. In a cohort of Midwestern veterans with COPD and agricultural work exposure we observed reduced zinc intakes which were associated with decreased lung function. Because insufficient zinc intake is common within the U.S. and a potent modulator of innate immune function, we sought to determine whether deficits in zinc intake would impact the airway inflammatory response to hog confinement facility dust extract (HDE). Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomized to zinc deficient or matched zinc sufficient diets for 3 weeks and subsequently treated with intranasal HDE inhalation or saline once or daily for 3 weeks while maintained on specific diets. Lavage fluid and lung tissue was collected. Conditions of zinc deficiency were also studied in macrophages exposed to HDE. Single and repetitive HDE inhalation exposure resulted in increased influx of total cells and neutrophils, increased mediator hyper-responsiveness (TNFα, IL-6, CXCL1, and amphiregulin), and enhanced tissue pathology that was more pronounced in zinc deficient mice compared to normal dietary counterparts. Airway inflammation was most pronounced in zinc deficient mice treated with repetitive HDE for 3 weeks. Similarly, macrophages maintained in a zinc deficient environment exhibited increased CXCL1 and IL-23 production as a result of increased NF-κB activation. Conclusion: Given the relatively high incidence of dietary deficiencies in agriculture workers, we anticipate that zinc intake, or a lack thereof, may play an important role in modulating the host response to organic dust exposure.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Role of zinc in immune system and anti-cancer defense mechanisms.

The human body can not store zinc reserves , so a deficiency can arise relatively quickly , e.g.
, through @ @ @ @ @ zinc deficiency is rare , but mild deficiencies are common around the world .
Many @ @ @ @ @ relationship between the zinc content in the diet and the risk of cancer .
The @ @ @ @ @ most often associated with its antioxidant properties .
However , this is just one of @ @ @ @ @ influence of zinc on the immune system , transcription factors , cell differentiation and proliferation @ @ @ @ @ and repair , enzyme activation or inhibition , the regulation of cellular signaling , and @ @ @ @ @ structure and membranes .
This study presents selected issues regarding the current knowledge of anti-cancer @ @ @ @ @

The human body cannot store zinc reserves, so a deficiency can arise relatively quickly, e.g., through an improper diet. Severe zinc deficiency is rare, but mild deficiencies are common around the world. Many epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between the zinc content in the diet and the risk of cancer. The anti-cancer effect of zinc is most often associated with its antioxidant properties. However, this is just one of many possibilities, including the influence of zinc on the immune system, transcription factors, cell differentiation and proliferation, DNA and RNA synthesis and repair, enzyme activation or inhibition, the regulation of cellular signaling, and the stabilization of the cell structure and membranes. This study presents selected issues regarding the current knowledge of anti-cancer mechanisms involving this element.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--The results of the study demonstrated that patients who had seborrheic dermatitis had lower levels o

The results of the study demonstrated that patients who had seborrheic dermatitis had lower levels of serum zinc levels than healthy subjects.

Background/aim : Malassezia colonization , sebaceous gland activity , hormones , immune system defects , environmental factors , and the @ @ @ @ @ thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis ( SD ) .
Zinc , @ @ @ @ @ involved in many biological processes including the ones that contribute to the development of SD @ @ @ @ @ study is to evaluate serum zinc levels in patients with SD .
Materials and methods @ @ @ @ @ and 41 healthy controls were enrolled in the study .
Disease activity was assessed by @ @ @ @ @ Severity Index by a single dermatologist .
Serum zinc levels of all subjects were evaluated @ @ @ @ @ lower serum zinc levels were noted in SD patients than in the control group ( @ @ @ @ @ 13.59 , respectively ; P = 0.045 ) .
Conclusion : The results of the @ @ @ @ @ had SD had lower levels of serum zinc levels than healthy subjects .

Background/aim: Malassezia colonization, sebaceous gland activity, hormones, immune system defects, environmental factors, and the interactions between these factors are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis (SD). Zinc, an essential element, is involved in many biological processes including the ones that contribute to the development of SD. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum zinc levels in patients with SD.
Materials and methods: Forty-three patients with SD and 41 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Disease activity was assessed by the Seborrheic Dermatitis Area and Severity Index by a single dermatologist. Serum zinc levels of all subjects were evaluated.
Results: Statistically significantly lower serum zinc levels were noted in SD patients than in the control group (79.16± 12.17 vs. 84.88 ± 13.59, respectively; P = 0.045).
Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrated that patients who had SD had lower levels of serum zinc levels than healthy subjects.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Comparative absorption of zinc picolinate, zinc citrate and zinc gluconate in humans.

The comparative absorption of zinc after oral administration of three different complexed forms was studied in 15 healthy human volunteers @ @ @ @ @ trial .
The individuals were randomly divided into four groups .
Each group rotated for @ @ @ @ @ random sequence of oral supplementation including : zinc picolinate , zinc citrate , and zinc @ @ @ @ @ mg elemental zinc per day ) and placebo .
Zinc was measured in hair , @ @ @ @ @ before and after each period .
At the end of four weeks hair , urine @ @ @ @ @ significantly ( p less than 0.005 , p less than 0.001 , and p less @ @ @ @ @ picolinate administration .
There was no significant change in any of these parameters from zinc @ @ @ @ @ placebo administration .
There was a small , insignificant rise in serum zinc during zinc @ @ @ @ @ placebo supplementation .
The results of this study suggest that zinc absorption in humans can @ @ @ @ @ with picolinic acid .

The comparative absorption of zinc after oral administration of three different complexed forms was studied in 15 healthy human volunteers in a double-blind four-period crossover trial. The individuals were randomly divided into four groups. Each group rotated for four week periods through a random sequence of oral supplementation including: zinc picolinate, zinc citrate, and zinc gluconate (equivalent to 50 mg elemental zinc per day) and placebo. Zinc was measured in hair, urine, erythrocyte and serum before and after each period. At the end of four weeks hair, urine and erythrocyte zinc levels rose significantly (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.001, and p less than 0.001) during zinc picolinate administration. There was no significant change in any of these parameters from zinc gluconate, zinc citrate or placebo administration. There was a small, insignificant rise in serum zinc during zinc picolinate, zinc citrate and placebo supplementation. The results of this study suggest that zinc absorption in humans can be improved by complexing zinc with picolinic acid.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Review: antimicrobial properties of allicin used alone or in combination with other medications.

Garlic ( Allium sativum L. ) is a well-known spice widely utilised for its medicinal properties .
There is an extensive record of the many beneficial health effects of garlic which can be traced back to as early as the ancient Egyptian era .
One of the most studied properties of garlic is its ability to cure certain ailments caused by infections .
In the 1940s , the antimicrobial activities exhibited by garlic were first reported to be due to allicin , a volatile compound extracted from raw garlic .
Since then , allicin has been widely investigated for its @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of microorganisms .
Allicin has demonstrated a preference for targeting the thiol-containing proteins and/or enzymes in microorganisms .
It has also demonstrated the ability to regulate several genes essential for the virulence of microorganisms .
Recently , it was reported that allicin may function better in combination with other antimicrobials compared to when used alone .
When used in combination with antibiotics or antifungals , allicin enhanced the antimicrobial activities of these substances and improved the antimicrobial efficacy .
Hence , it is likely that combination therapy of allicin with additional antimicrobial drug @ @ @ @ @ @ @ viable alternative for combating rising antimicrobial resistance .
This review focuses on the antimicrobial activities exhibited by allicin alone as well as in combination with other substances .
The mechanisms of action of allicin elucidated by some of the studies are also highlighted in the present review in order to provide a comprehensive overview of this versatile bioactive compound and the mechanistic evidence supporting its potential use in antimicrobial therapy .

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a well-known spice widely utilised for its medicinal properties. There is an extensive record of the many beneficial health effects of garlic which can be traced back to as early as the ancient Egyptian era. One of the most studied properties of garlic is its ability to cure certain ailments caused by infections. In the 1940s, the antimicrobial activities exhibited by garlic were first reported to be due to allicin, a volatile compound extracted from raw garlic. Since then, allicin has been widely investigated for its putative inhibitory activities against a wide range of microorganisms. Allicin has demonstrated a preference for targeting the thiol-containing proteins and/or enzymes in microorganisms. It has also demonstrated the ability to regulate several genes essential for the virulence of microorganisms. Recently, it was reported that allicin may function better in combination with other antimicrobials compared to when used alone. When used in combination with antibiotics or antifungals, allicin enhanced the antimicrobial activities of these substances and improved the antimicrobial efficacy. Hence, it is likely that combination therapy of allicin with additional antimicrobial drug(s) could serve as a viable alternative for combating rising antimicrobial resistance. This review focuses on the antimicrobial activities exhibited by allicin alone as well as in combination with other substances. The mechanisms of action of allicin elucidated by some of the studies are also highlighted in the present review in order to provide a comprehensive overview of this versatile bioactive compound and the mechanistic evidence supporting its potential use in antimicrobial therapy.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Cost effective use of a thiosulfinate-enriched Allium sativum extract in combination with chemothera

Cost effective use of a thiosulfinate-enriched Allium sativum extract in combination with chemotherapy in colon cancer.

In this work , we sought to investigate the effects of a thiosulfinate-enriched garlic extract , co-administered with 5-fluorouracil ( @ @ @ @ @ , on the viability of colon cancer cells ( Caco-2 and HT-29 ) .
We @ @ @ @ @ of a new combined treatment of this thiosulfinate-enriched garlic extract , with oxaliplatin that could @ @ @ @ @ of a monotherapy .
The thiosulfinate-enriched garlic extract not only enhanced the impact of 5-FU @ @ @ @ @ in decreasing Caco-2 and HT-29 viability , but also showed a higher effect than standard @ @ @ @ @ anti-cancer agents .
These results provided evidences for the combination of lyophilized garlic extract and @ @ @ @ @ novel chemotherapy regimen in colon cancer cells that may also reduce the clinical therapy costs @

In this work, we sought to investigate the effects of a thiosulfinate-enriched garlic extract, co-administered with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or oxaliplatin chemotherapy, on the viability of colon cancer cells (Caco-2 and HT-29). We also addressed the economic feasibility of a new combined treatment of this thiosulfinate-enriched garlic extract, with oxaliplatin that could reduce the dosage and costs of a monotherapy. The thiosulfinate-enriched garlic extract not only enhanced the impact of 5-FU and oxaliplatin (500µM) in decreasing Caco-2 and HT-29 viability, but also showed a higher effect than standard 5-FU and oxaliplatin chemotherapy as anti-cancer agents. These results provided evidences for the combination of lyophilized garlic extract and 5-FU or oxaliplatin as a novel chemotherapy regimen in colon cancer cells that may also reduce the clinical therapy costs.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Allicin alleviates lead-induced bone loss by preventing oxidative stress and osteoclastogenesis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of allicin on lead-induced bone loss in mice .
Male @ @ @ @ @ ) were randomly divided into four groups : control group , lead group , allicin+lead @ @ @ @ @ .
Micro-CT , histology , oxidative stress , and osteoclastogenesis-related gene expression were analyzed .
@ @ @ @ @ significantly ameliorated lead-inducedbone loss , reduced oxidative stress , and inhibited osteoclastogenesis in mice .
@ @ @ @ @ allicin upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and deacetylation of FoxO1 .
In conclusion , our @ @ @ @ @ protective effects on lead-induced bone loss via antioxidant activity , preventing osteoclastogenesis , and activating @ @ @ @ @ implying a potential therapy for lead-induced bone loss .

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of allicin on lead-induced bone loss in mice. Male C57BL/6 J mice (3-weeks-old) were randomly divided into four groups: control group, lead group, allicin+lead group, and allicin group. Micro-CT, histology, oxidative stress, and osteoclastogenesis-related gene expression were analyzed. The results showed that allicin significantly ameliorated lead-inducedbone loss, reduced oxidative stress, and inhibited osteoclastogenesis in mice. Moreover, we found that allicin upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and deacetylation of FoxO1. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that allicin exerts protective effects on lead-induced bone loss via antioxidant activity, preventing osteoclastogenesis, and activating SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway in mice, implying a potential therapy for lead-induced bone loss.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Impact of garlic tablets on nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients in intensive care units.

BACKGROUND : Nosocomial infections are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitals , especially in intensive care units ( ICUs ) .
OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to examine the impact of garlic tablets on nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients in intensive care units .
METHODS : This clinical trial was carried out on 94 patients , admitted to the intensive care units in Kashani and Al-Zahra hospitals from January 21 , 2014 to December 20 , 2014 .
Firstly , the patients were randomly selected by simple sampling , then they were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The case group administered one 400 mg garlic tablet daily for 6 days and the control group received placebo .
During the study , inflammatory blood factors and infection occurrence in the two groups were compared .
The Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 through descriptive tests such as independent t-test , Chi-square test , ANOVA and exact Fisher test for the analyses of primary and secondary outcomes .
RESULTS : During the study period , 78 cases of intravenous catheter tip were sent to laboratory for culture , of which @ @ @ @ @ @ @ group and 41 in the control group .
Culture results of Catheter tips was positive in 5 cases and all five cases were in the control group .
Frequency distribution of catheter tip culture was significantly higher in the control group than that of the intervention group ( p=0.03 ) .
CONCLUSION : Based on the results of our study , in people with weakened immune systems and in people with high incidence of opportunistic infections , it is necessary to strengthen their body 's immune system stimulants before dealing with these infectious @ @ @ @ @ @ @ diseases insusceptible people .
It was suggested that garlic supplementation has shown to be effective in patients admitted to ICU , who are highly susceptible to nosocomial infection , and it can be used for the prevention of septicemia and urinary tract infections .
However , further research with larger sample size is needed .
TRIAL REGISTRATION : The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( https : //www.irct.ir ) with the Irct ID : IRCT207406156480N6 .

BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitals, especially in intensive care units (ICUs).
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of garlic tablets on nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients in intensive care units.
METHODS: This clinical trial was carried out on 94 patients, admitted to the intensive care units in Kashani and Al-Zahra hospitals from January 21, 2014 to December 20, 2014. Firstly, the patients were randomly selected by simple sampling, then they were assigned into case and control groups. The case group administered one 400 mg garlic tablet daily for 6 days and the control group received placebo. During the study, inflammatory blood factors and infection occurrence in the two groups were compared. The Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 through descriptive tests such as independent t-test, Chi-square test, ANOVA and exact Fisher test for the analyses of primary and secondary outcomes.
RESULTS: During the study period, 78 cases of intravenous catheter tip were sent to laboratory for culture, of which, 37 cases were in the intervention group and 41 in the control group. Culture results of Catheter tips was positive in 5 cases and all five cases were in the control group. Frequency distribution of catheter tip culture was significantly higher in the control group than that of the intervention group (p=0.03).
CONCLUSION: Based on the results of our study, in people with weakened immune systems and in people with high incidence of opportunistic infections, it is necessary to strengthen their body's immune system stimulants before dealing with these infectious agents, and cause decrease in the diseases insusceptible people. It was suggested that garlic supplementation has shown to be effective in patients admitted to ICU, who are highly susceptible to nosocomial infection, and it can be used for the prevention of septicemia and urinary tract infections. However, further research with larger sample size is needed.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (https://www.irct.ir) with the Irct ID: IRCT207406156480N6.
FUNDING: Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences financially supported this research.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-23--Aged garlic extract may be beneficial in preventing the development of chronic diseases associated w

Aged garlic extract may be beneficial in preventing the development of chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation.

BACKGROUND : Obesity is a serious global health issue and often results in low-grade systemic inflammation , increasing the risk for several chronic diseases .
If obesity-induced inflammation could be reduced , fewer complications and co-morbidities might occur .
OBJECTIVE : To investigate whether daily supplementation with aged garlic extract ( AGE ) could reduce chronic inflammation and improve immune function in adults with obesity .
METHODS : Fifty-one healthy adults with obesity ( mean age 45.6 ± 1.6 years , mean BMI 36.1 ± 0.9 kg/m ) were recruited to participate in a parallel , double-blind , placebo-controlled , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ BMI , participants were randomized into the AGE supplementation or placebo group .
Participants were asked to take a divided daily dose of 3.6 g AGE or placebo , with food for 6 weeks .
Blood lipid and inflammatory markers were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks of supplementation .
Additionally , peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) were isolated from whole blood and used to detect changes in immune cell populations and levels of cytokine secretion .
A one-way ANCOVA was performed to evaluate differences between the two groups , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ : At the end of study , serum IL-6 ( p = 0.04 ) and TNF-α ( p = 0.05 ) of participants consuming AGE were significantly lower than those consuming the placebo capsules .
PBMC flow cytometry results showed that participants from the AGE group had a higher proportion of γδ-T cells ( p = 0.03 ) and a lower proportion of NKT cells ( p = 0.02 ) in the total population of lymphocytes .
There was no difference in percentage of NK cells between the two groups .
A significant @ @ @ @ @ @ @ observed ( p = 0.05 ) .
Total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol tended to differ between participants from the AGE group and those from the placebo group , although values did not achieve statistical significance .
CONCLUSION : Six weeks of AGE consumption modulated immune cell distribution , prevented the increase of serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and reduced blood LDL concentration in adults with obesity .
AGE , taken consistently , may be beneficial in preventing the development of chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation in adults with obesity .
Registered under @ @ @ @ @ @ @

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a serious global health issue and often results in low-grade systemic inflammation, increasing the risk for several chronic diseases. If obesity-induced inflammation could be reduced, fewer complications and co-morbidities might occur.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether daily supplementation with aged garlic extract (AGE) could reduce chronic inflammation and improve immune function in adults with obesity.
METHODS: Fifty-one healthy adults with obesity (mean age 45.6 ± 1.6 years, mean BMI 36.1 ± 0.9 kg/m) were recruited to participate in a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. After being matched by BMI, participants were randomized into the AGE supplementation or placebo group. Participants were asked to take a divided daily dose of 3.6 g AGE or placebo, with food for 6 weeks. Blood lipid and inflammatory markers were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks of supplementation. Additionally, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from whole blood and used to detect changes in immune cell populations and levels of cytokine secretion. A one-way ANCOVA was performed to evaluate differences between the two groups, controlling for respective baseline values.
RESULTS: At the end of study, serum IL-6 (p = 0.04) and TNF-α (p = 0.05) of participants consuming AGE were significantly lower than those consuming the placebo capsules. PBMC flow cytometry results showed that participants from the AGE group had a higher proportion of γδ-T cells (p = 0.03) and a lower proportion of NKT cells (p = 0.02) in the total population of lymphocytes. There was no difference in percentage of NK cells between the two groups. A significant difference in blood LDL concentration was also observed (p = 0.05). Total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol tended to differ between participants from the AGE group and those from the placebo group, although values did not achieve statistical significance.
CONCLUSION: Six weeks of AGE consumption modulated immune cell distribution, prevented the increase of serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and reduced blood LDL concentration in adults with obesity. AGE, taken consistently, may be beneficial in preventing the development of chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation in adults with obesity. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier code NCT01959646.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-23--Directly interact with Keap1 and LPS is involved in the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of (-)-epicatec

Directly interact with Keap1 and LPS is involved in the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate in LPS-induced macrophages and endotoxemia.

Disruption of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 ( Keap1 ) -Nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) interaction has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce oxidative stress-induced inflammation .
However , its roles in regulating downstream events , including the cross talk between Nrf2 and nuclear factor-kappa B ( NF-κB ) , are not well defined .
The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanistic connection between Keap1-Nrf2 signaling and the transcription factor NF-κB and to investigate the function of ( - ) -epicatechin-3-gallate ( ECG ) in the repression of multiple inflammatory mediators @ @ @ @ @ @ @ inflammatory mediator expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) generation through the induction of Nrf2/antioxidant response element ( ARE ) -driven glutathione ( GSH ) and hemeoxygenase-1 ( HO-1 ) levels , interference with NF-κB and Nfr2/ARE transcriptional activities , and suppression of the MAPKs ( JNK1/2 and p38 ) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways .
Importantly , anti-inflammatory effects of ECG partly require activation of ERK1/2 signaling to mediate HO-1 expression and Nrf2/ARE signaling activation .
Furthermore , ECG may directly interact intracellularly with the Kelch repeat domains of Keap1 and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the nuclear accumulation of the Nrf2 protein and blockading the activation of LPS-induced downstream target signaling pathways .
Consistent with in vitro studies , ECG attenuates pathological syndromes of LPS-induced sepsis and systemic inflammation .
Our results identified ECG as a novel Keap1-Nrf2 interaction disruptor and LPS-induced TLR4 activation inhibitor , thereby providing an innovative strategy to prevent or treat immune , oxidative stress and inflammatory-related diseases .

Disruption of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) interaction has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce oxidative stress-induced inflammation. However, its roles in regulating downstream events, including the cross talk between Nrf2 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), are not well defined. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanistic connection between Keap1-Nrf2 signaling and the transcription factor NF-κB and to investigate the function of (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) in the repression of multiple inflammatory mediators. ECG attenuatedlipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediator expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the induction of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven glutathione (GSH) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels, interference with NF-κB and Nfr2/ARE transcriptional activities, and suppression of the MAPKs (JNK1/2 and p38) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Importantly, anti-inflammatory effects of ECG partly require activation of ERK1/2 signaling to mediate HO-1 expression and Nrf2/ARE signaling activation. Furthermore, ECG may directly interact intracellularly with the Kelch repeat domains of Keap1 and bind to extracellular LPS, thereby promoting the nuclear accumulation of the Nrf2 protein and blockading the activation of LPS-induced downstream target signaling pathways. Consistent with in vitro studies, ECG attenuates pathological syndromes of LPS-induced sepsis and systemic inflammation. Our results identified ECG as a novel Keap1-Nrf2 interaction disruptor and LPS-induced TLR4 activation inhibitor, thereby providing an innovative strategy to prevent or treat immune, oxidative stress and inflammatory-related diseases.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-23--Glutathione induced immune-stimulatory activity.

The present study investigated the immunomodulatory activity of reduced glutathione ( GSH ) by assessment of the macrophage polarization ( MP ) -mediated immune response in RAW 264.7 cells .
Furthermore , we identified the signal pathway associated with immune regulation by GSH .
The expressions of MP-associated cytokines and chemokines were assessed using cytokine array , nCounter Sprit platform , ELISA and immunoblotting .
Phagocytosis activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) generation were measured using fluorescence-activated cell sorter .
As results of the cytokine array and nCounter gene array , GSH not only up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , but also overexpressed neutrophil-attracting chemokines .
Furthermore , GSH significantly stimulated the production of immune mediators , including nitric oxide and PGE , as well as phagocytosis activity through nuclear factor kappa B activation .
In addition , GSH significantly decreased LPS-induced ROS generation , which was associated with an activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) / heme oxygenease-1 ( HO-1 ) signaling pathway .
Our results suggest that GSH has potential ROS scavenging capacity via the induction of Nrf2-mediated HO-1 , and immune-enhancing activity by regulation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ GSH may be a useful strategy to increase the human defense system .

The present study investigated the immunomodulatory activity of reduced glutathione (GSH) by assessment of the macrophage polarization (MP)-mediated immune response in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, we identified the signal pathway associated with immune regulation by GSH. The expressions of MP-associated cytokines and chemokines were assessed using cytokine array, nCounter Sprit platform, ELISA and immunoblotting. Phagocytosis activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured using fluorescence-activated cell sorter. As results of the cytokine array and nCounter gene array, GSH not only up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-α, but also overexpressed neutrophil-attracting chemokines. Furthermore, GSH significantly stimulated the production of immune mediators, including nitric oxide and PGE, as well as phagocytosis activity through nuclear factor kappa B activation. In addition, GSH significantly decreased LPS-induced ROS generation, which was associated with an activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenease-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. Our results suggest that GSH has potential ROS scavenging capacity via the induction of Nrf2-mediated HO-1, and immune-enhancing activity by regulation of M1-like macrophage polarization, indicating that GSH may be a useful strategy to increase the human defense system.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-23--Carvacrol may be a promising protective agent against bronchial asthma.

BACKGROUND : Asthma is a complex inflammatory disease which affects multiple individuals worldwide especially pediatric ages .
AIMS : This study aimed to assess the possible protective effect of carvacrol , as natural antioxidant anti-inflammatory drug , against bronchial asthma induced experimentally in rats .
MAIN METHODS : Rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups ; a normal control group , control drug group received only carvacrol , an asthma control group , a standard treatment group receiving dexamethasone ( DEXA ) and carvacrol treatment group .
Bronchial asthma was induced by sensitization with i.p dose followed by challenge with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
24 h after the last challenge , absolute eosinophil count ( AEC ) were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids ( BALF ) .
Immunoglobulin E ( IgE ) was determined in serum .
Inflammatory biomarkers like Interleukin-4 ( IL-4 ) , interleukin-5 ( IL-5 ) , interleukin 13 ( IL-13 ) , tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α ) and interferon-gamma ( IFN-γ ) were also measured in BALF .
Nitrosative stress biomarker namely inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) was determined in BALF as well as oxidative stress biomarkers namely superoxide @ @ @ @ @ @ @ GSH ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) were determined in lung tissue .
Additionally , histopathological study , immunohistochemical study of UCN and western blot analysis of SP-D were performed .
KEY FINDINGS : Carvacrol administration significantly reduced the values of AEC , IgE , IL-4 , IL-5 , IL-13 , TNF-α , IFN-γ , iNOS and MDA , while it significantly increased the values of SOD and GSH as compared to the asthmatic group .
Histopathological , immunohistochemical and western blot study reinforced the biochemical results .
SIGNIFICANCE : Carvacrol may be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ induced experimentally in rats .

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a complex inflammatory disease which affects multiple individuals worldwide especially pediatric ages.
AIMS: This study aimed to assess the possible protective effect of carvacrol, as natural antioxidant anti-inflammatory drug, against bronchial asthma induced experimentally in rats.
MAIN METHODS: Rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups; a normal control group, control drug group received only carvacrol, an asthma control group, a standard treatment group receiving dexamethasone (DEXA) and carvacrol treatment group. Bronchial asthma was induced by sensitization with i.p dose followed by challenge with intranasal dose of ovalbumin (OVA). 24 h after the last challenge, absolute eosinophil count (AEC) were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was determined in serum. Inflammatory biomarkers like Interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin 13 (IL-13), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were also measured in BALF. Nitrosative stress biomarker namely inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was determined in BALF as well as oxidative stress biomarkers namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in lung tissue. Additionally, histopathological study, immunohistochemical study of UCN and western blot analysis of SP-D were performed.
KEY FINDINGS: Carvacrol administration significantly reduced the values of AEC, IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, IFN-γ, iNOS and MDA, while it significantly increased the values of SOD and GSH as compared to the asthmatic group. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and western blot study reinforced the biochemical results.
SIGNIFICANCE: Carvacrol may be a promising protective agent against bronchial asthma induced experimentally in rats.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-23--Immunomodulatory effects of glutathione, garlic derivatives, and hydrogen sulfide.

Glutathione and aged garlic extract are sulfur-containing products that play important protective and regulatory roles within the immune system and @ @ @ @ @ sulfide ( H₂S ) , an endogenous , gaseous , signaling transmitter , has also @ @ @ @ @ in the regulation of inflammation .
Recent studies have shown that sulfur-containing compounds from garlic @ @ @ @ @ outcomes associated with cardiovascular disease and inflammation by a mechanism that may be related to @ @ @ @ @ In this review , we summarize the main functions of glutathione ( GSH ) , @ @ @ @ @ their role in the immune response and impact on health and disease .

Glutathione and aged garlic extract are sulfur-containing products that play important protective and regulatory roles within the immune system and in oxidative processes. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), an endogenous, gaseous, signaling transmitter, has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of inflammation. Recent studies have shown that sulfur-containing compounds from garlic have beneficial effects in attenuating outcomes associated with cardiovascular disease and inflammation by a mechanism that may be related to the H₂S signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize the main functions of glutathione (GSH), garlic derivatives and H₂S and their role in the immune response and impact on health and disease.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-23--Magnesium Supplementation for Healthier Pregnancies and Babies

This website is for information purposes only .
By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing , treating @ @ @ @ @ or preventing any type of disease or medical condition .
Before beginning any type of @ @ @ @ @ treatment regimen , it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional @

This website is for information purposes only. By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing, treating, curing, mitigating, or preventing any type of disease or medical condition. Before beginning any type of natural, integrative or conventional treatment regimen, it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional.
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greenmedinfo--2020-04-23--Alliin alters gut microbiota and gene expression of colonic epithelial tissues.

Alliin is a natural organosulfur-containing phytochemical in garlic .
It is possible that alliin can regulate the gut microbiota for its strong antimicrobial activity against many pathogens .
Here , we assessed whether alliin impacts the distal small intestinal bacteria , hence the cecal microbiota , thus altering the gene expression of colonic epithelial tissues ( CETs ) .
Eighty mg/kg alliin was orally administered to rats for 14 days , and the 16S rDNA from small intestinal and cecal microbiota as well as mRNA from CETs were sequenced and analyzed .
The results showed that alliin consumption affected microbiota @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cecum , although there was only one specific genus , Allobaculum that was significantly altered in the rat cecum .
The altered composition of microbiota indirectly impacted 174 genes in the CETs .
Specifically , five genes , including RT1-Ba , RT1-Bb , Cd80 , Madcam1 , and Aicda , indicated this consumption related to the intestinal immune network for IgA production .
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS : We firstly reported alliin consumption in vivo potentially affected the intestinal immunity of healthy rats by slightly alteration of microbiota composition in small intestine and cecum .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ the change of the colonic epithelial expressionof several genes related to the intestinal immune network for IgA production .
Hence , we suggested the alliin consumption may potentially affect the immune system of healthy individuals by alteration of gut microbiota and epithelial gene expression .

Alliin is a natural organosulfur-containing phytochemical in garlic. It is possible that alliin can regulate the gut microbiota for its strong antimicrobial activity against many pathogens. Here, we assessed whether alliin impacts the distal small intestinal bacteria, hence the cecal microbiota, thus altering the gene expression of colonic epithelial tissues (CETs). Eighty mg/kg alliin was orally administered to rats for 14 days, and the 16S rDNA from small intestinal and cecal microbiota as well as mRNA from CETs were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that alliin consumption affected microbiota composition in both the small intestine and cecum, although there was only one specific genus, Allobaculum that was significantly altered in the rat cecum. The altered composition of microbiota indirectly impacted 174 genes in the CETs. Specifically, five genes, including RT1-Ba, RT1-Bb, Cd80, Madcam1, and Aicda, indicated this consumption related to the intestinal immune network for IgA production. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: We firstly reported alliin consumption in vivo potentially affected the intestinal immunity of healthy rats by slightly alteration of microbiota composition in small intestine and cecum. The alteration subsequently amplified, resulting in the change of the colonic epithelial expressionof several genes related to the intestinal immune network for IgA production. Hence, we suggested the alliin consumption may potentially affect the immune system of healthy individuals by alteration of gut microbiota and epithelial gene expression.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Vitamin C improves the therapeutic potential of human amniotic epithelial cells in premature ovarian

Vitamin C improves the therapeutic potential of human amniotic epithelial cells in premature ovarian insufficiency disease

BACKGROUND : Human amniotic epithelial cell ( hAEC ) transplantation holds great promise in treating premature ovarian insufficiency ( POI ) .
However , some deficient biological characteristics of hAECs restrict their application .
METHODS : Vitamin C ( VC ) was added to the culture media of hAECs for 2 weeks .
Then , the proliferative ability , migration ability , pluripotency , and self-renewal of VC-treated hAECs ( VC-hAECs ) were determined .
Next , hAECs and VC-hAECs were transplanted into the ovaries of cyclophosphamide ( CTX ) -induced POI model mice .
The ovarian function of POI @ @ @ @ @ @ @ follicle numbers and measuring the blood levels of AMH , E2 , and FSH .
The rescue effects of VC-hAECs and hAECs were unveiled by coculturing with CTX-damaged human ovarian granulosa cells ( hGCs ) and analyzing relative marker expression .
Additionally , ovarian marker expression and transplant survival were detected in POI mice after transplantation to verify the beneficial effect of VC-hAECs .
The cytokine profiles of VC-hAECs and hAECs were revealed by performing a cytokine array and an ELISA to show their paracrine function .
RESULTS : Our results indicated that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ pluripotency , and self-renewal of hAECs in vitro .
The most effective concentration of VC was 50 μg/ml .
After transplantation into the POI mouse model , VC-hAECs reversed ovarian function more powerfully than hAECs .
Human granulosa cell marker expression in CTX-damaged hGCs was increased after coculture with VC-hAECs compared with hAECs .
In the ovaries of the POI mice , ovarian marker expression was greater after VC-hAEC transplantation than after hAEC transplantation .
VC-hAECs showed higher transplant survival than hAECs .
Furthermore , VC-hAECs secreted more growth factors than hAECs .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ proliferation , migration , self-renewal , and paracrine functions of hAECs .
Additionally , VC elevated the therapeutic potential of hAECs in treating POI .

BACKGROUND: Human amniotic epithelial cell (hAEC) transplantation holds great promise in treating premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, some deficient biological characteristics of hAECs restrict their application.
METHODS: Vitamin C (VC) was added to the culture media of hAECs for 2 weeks. Then, the proliferative ability, migration ability, pluripotency, and self-renewal of VC-treated hAECs (VC-hAECs) were determined. Next, hAECs and VC-hAECs were transplanted into the ovaries of cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced POI model mice. The ovarian function of POI mice was evaluated after transplantation by counting follicle numbers and measuring the blood levels of AMH, E2, and FSH. The rescue effects of VC-hAECs and hAECs were unveiled by coculturing with CTX-damaged human ovarian granulosa cells (hGCs) and analyzing relative marker expression. Additionally, ovarian marker expression and transplant survival were detected in POI mice after transplantation to verify the beneficial effect of VC-hAECs. The cytokine profiles of VC-hAECs and hAECs were revealed by performing a cytokine array and an ELISA to show their paracrine function.
RESULTS: Our results indicated that VC promoted the proliferation, migration, pluripotency, and self-renewal of hAECs in vitro. The most effective concentration of VC was 50 μg/ml. After transplantation into the POI mouse model, VC-hAECs reversed ovarian function more powerfully than hAECs. Human granulosa cell marker expression in CTX-damaged hGCs was increased after coculture with VC-hAECs compared with hAECs. In the ovaries of the POI mice, ovarian marker expression was greater after VC-hAEC transplantation than after hAEC transplantation. VC-hAECs showed higher transplant survival than hAECs. Furthermore, VC-hAECs secreted more growth factors than hAECs.
CONCLUSION: Treatment with VC promoted the proliferation, migration, self-renewal, and paracrine functions of hAECs. Additionally, VC elevated the therapeutic potential of hAECs in treating POI.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Intravenous vitamin C for reduction of cytokines storm in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The recent outbreak of Covid19 has required urgent treatments for numerous patients .
No suitable vaccines or antivirals are available @ @ @ @ @ against Covid19 of WHO therapies of choice , that are two antivirals developed for other @ @ @ @ @ Therefore , alternative approaches are required .
Intravenous ( IV ) Vitamin C ( Vit-C @ @ @ @ @ of the other alternatives for this purpose .
Here we review the effects of IV @ @ @ @ @ response , the antiviral properties of IV Vit-C , and finally the antioxidant properties of @ @ @ @ @ the cytokines ' storm characteristic of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ( ARDS ) that @ @ @ @ @ of the Covid19 infectious disease .

The recent outbreak of Covid19 has required urgent treatments for numerous patients. No suitable vaccines or antivirals are available for Covid19. The efficiency against Covid19 of WHO therapies of choice, that are two antivirals developed for other pathologies, is controversial. Therefore, alternative approaches are required. Intravenous (IV) Vitamin C (Vit-C) has emerged as one of the other alternatives for this purpose. Here we review the effects of IV Vit-C on the immune system response, the antiviral properties of IV Vit-C, and finally the antioxidant properties of IV Vit-C to specifically address the cytokines' storm characteristic of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that occur in the later cycle of the Covid19 infectious disease.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--People Are Still Suffering From Scurvy

People Are Still Suffering From Scurvy


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Aspirin can reduce the absorption of Vitamin C in the human body.

Foods generally contain special ingredients which easily to interact with drugs human intaking , thus affecting drug efficacy and excretion , and even cause adverse reactions .
Vitamin C ( Vit .
C ) is abundant in fresh fruits and vegetables .
It plays a regulatory role in redox metabolism , and its absence can cause scurvy .
Aspirin ( ASP ) can be used to treat many diseases , is the earliest , common and widely used as antipyretic , analgesic and antirheumatic medicine .
Human serum albumin ( HSA ) is the most abundant protein in vertebrate plasma @ @ @ @ @ @ @ transporting endogenous and exogenous substances .
In this paper , the effects of Vit .
C on the combination of ASP and HSA were studied by multi-spectra and voltammetric approaches .
Fluorescence spectra showed that the quenching mode between Vit .
C and HSA is dynamic , and the main binding force is hydrophobic force .
The quenching mode between ASP and HSA is static one , and the main binding force is hydrogen bond and van der Waals force .
For ternary biological system of ( HSA-ASP ) -Vit .
C , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
C system .
However , for ( HSA-Vit .
C ) -ASP system , the binding constant does not change when compared with binary system of HSA-ASP .
Based on the technology combination of voltammetry , infrared , three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism ( CD ) , it is proved that the existence of ASP will influence the binding process of Vit .
C to HSA .
It could be concluded that taking Vit .
C first does n't affect the absorption of ASP and may be good for health ; in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ take Vit .
C immediately as one have just taken ASP , because the existence of ASP reduce the absorption of Vit .
C for human body .

Foods generally contain special ingredients which easily to interact with drugs human intaking, thus affecting drug efficacy and excretion, and even cause adverse reactions. Vitamin C (Vit. C) is abundant in fresh fruits and vegetables. It plays a regulatory role in redox metabolism, and its absence can cause scurvy. Aspirin (ASP) can be used to treat many diseases, is the earliest, common and widely used as antipyretic, analgesic and antirheumatic medicine. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in vertebrate plasma and has the property of combining and transporting endogenous and exogenous substances. In this paper, the effects of Vit. C on the combination of ASP and HSA were studied by multi-spectra and voltammetric approaches. Fluorescence spectra showed that the quenching mode between Vit. C and HSA is dynamic, and the main binding force is hydrophobic force. The quenching mode between ASP and HSA is static one, and the main binding force is hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. For ternary biological system of (HSA-ASP)-Vit. C, the binding constant decreases compared with HSA-Vit. C system. However, for (HSA-Vit. C)-ASP system, the binding constant does not change when compared with binary system of HSA-ASP. Based on the technology combination of voltammetry, infrared, three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD), it is proved that the existence of ASP will influence the binding process of Vit. C to HSA. It could be concluded that taking Vit. C first doesn't affect the absorption of ASP and may be good for health; in contrast, it is not good to take Vit. C immediately as one have just taken ASP, because the existence of ASP reduce the absorption of Vit. C for human body.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Enhanced activated T cell subsets in prostate cancer patients receiving iodine-125 low-dose-rate pro

Enhanced activated T cell subsets in prostate cancer patients receiving iodine-125 low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy.

Radiotherapy ( RT ) is one of the most important treatments for prostate cancer .
Although RT can kill cancer cells through direct and indirect effects of radiation , it occasionally induces an abscopal effect whereby localized radiation treatment is associated with elimination of metastatic cancer at a distance from the irradiated area .
Thus , RT may induce an effective antitumor immune response , although the mechanism involved has remained unclear .
The present was designed to evaluate this effect of RT in 36 patients with prostate cancer who provided informed consent prior to enrollment in this clinical trial @ @ @ @ @ @ @ after low-dose-rate ( LDR ) prostate brachytherapy , and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry .
The proportion of activated T cells ( CD3+HLA-DR+ , CD4+HLA-DR+ and CD8+HLA-DR+ ) in peripheral blood revealed a gradual and bimodal increase after LDR brachytherapy , whereas memory CD8+ T cells bimodally decreased after treatment .
The ratios of activated T cells and regulatory T cells gradually increased after the treatment .
Thus , LDR brachytherapy was demonstrated to induce effective immune responses in patients .
This increase ofactivated T cells may contribute to maintenance of @ @ @ @ @ @ @

Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most important treatments for prostate cancer. Although RT can kill cancer cells through direct and indirect effects of radiation, it occasionally induces an abscopal effect whereby localized radiation treatment is associated with elimination of metastatic cancer at a distance from the irradiated area. Thus, RT may induce an effective antitumor immune response, although the mechanism involved has remained unclear. The present was designed to evaluate this effect of RT in 36 patients with prostate cancer who provided informed consent prior to enrollment in this clinical trial. Peripheral blood samples were collected periodically after low-dose-rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy, and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. The proportion of activated T cells (CD3+HLA-DR+, CD4+HLA-DR+ and CD8+HLA-DR+) in peripheral blood revealed a gradual and bimodal increase after LDR brachytherapy, whereas memory CD8+ T cells bimodally decreased after treatment. The ratios of activated T cells and regulatory T cells gradually increased after the treatment. Thus, LDR brachytherapy was demonstrated to induce effective immune responses in patients. This increase ofactivated T cells may contribute to maintenance of remission and reduction of relapse rates.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Molecular iodine-treated tumors exhibit less invasive potential, and significant increases in apopto

Molecular iodine-treated tumors exhibit less invasive potential, and significant increases in apoptosis, estrogen receptor expression, and immune cell infiltration.

This study analyzes an oral supplement of molecular iodine ( I ) , alone and in combination with the neoadjuvant therapy 5-fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide or taxotere/epirubicin ( FEC/TE ) in women with Early ( stage II ) and Advanced ( stage III ) breast cancer .
In the Early group , 30 women were treated with I ( 5 mg/day ) or placebo ( colored water ) for 7-35 days before surgery .
For the Advanced group , 30 patients received Ior placebo , along with FEC/TE treatment .
After surgery , all patients received FEC/TE + Ifor 170 days .
Isupplementation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ effects and an absence of tumor chemoresistance .
The control , I , FEC/TE , and FEC/TE + Igroups exhibited response rates of 0 , 33 % , 73 % , and 100 % , respectively , and a pathologic complete response of 18 % , and 36 % in the last two groups .
Five-year disease-free survival rate was significantly higher in patients treated with the Isupplement before and after surgery compared to those receiving the supplement only after surgery ( 82 % versus 46 % ) .
I-treated tumors exhibit less @ @ @ @ @ @ @ apoptosis , estrogen receptor expression , and immune cell infiltration .
Transcriptomic analysis indicated activation of the antitumoral immune response .
The results led us to register a phase III clinical trial to analyze chemotherapy + Itreatment for advanced breast cancer .

This study analyzes an oral supplement of molecular iodine (I), alone and in combination with the neoadjuvant therapy 5-fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide or taxotere/epirubicin (FEC/TE) in women with Early (stage II) and Advanced (stage III) breast cancer. In the Early group, 30 women were treated with I(5 mg/day) or placebo (colored water) for 7-35 days before surgery. For the Advanced group, 30 patients received Ior placebo, along with FEC/TE treatment. After surgery, all patients received FEC/TE + Ifor 170 days. Isupplementation showed a significant attenuation of the side effects and an absence of tumor chemoresistance. The control, I, FEC/TE, and FEC/TE + Igroups exhibited response rates of 0, 33%, 73%, and 100%, respectively, and a pathologic complete response of 18%, and 36% in the last two groups. Five-year disease-free survival rate was significantly higher in patients treated with the Isupplement before and after surgery compared to those receiving the supplement only after surgery (82% versus 46%). I-treated tumors exhibit less invasive potential, and significant increases in apoptosis, estrogen receptor expression, and immune cell infiltration. Transcriptomic analysis indicated activation of the antitumoral immune response. The results led us to register a phase III clinical trial to analyze chemotherapy + Itreatment for advanced breast cancer.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Molecular iodine decreases the invasive potential of a triple negative basal cancer cell line.

BACKGROUND : The immune system is a crucial component in cancer progression or regression .
Molecular iodine ( I ) exerts significant antineoplastic effects , acting as a differentiation inductor and immune modulator , but its effects in antitumor immune response are not elucidated .
METHODS : The present work analyzed the effect of Iin human breast cancer cell lines with low ( MCF-7 ) and high ( MDA-MB231 ) metastatic potential under both in vitro ( cell proliferation and invasion assay ) and in vivo ( xenografts of athymic nude mice ) conditions .
RESULTS : In vitro analysis @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the proliferation rate in both cell lines and diminishes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) profile and the invasive capacity in MDA-MB231 .
In immunosuppressed mice , the Isupplement impairs implantation ( incidence ) , tumoral growth , and proliferation of both types of cells .
Xenografts of the animals treated with Idecrease the expression of invasion markers like CD44 , vimentin , urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor , and vascular endothelial growth factor ; and increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma .
Moreover , in mice with xenografts , the Isupplement increases @ @ @ @ @ @ @ number of intratumoral infiltrating lymphocytes , some of them activated as CD8+ , suggesting the activation of antitumor immune responses .
CONCLUSIONS : Idecreases the invasive potential of a triple negative basal cancer cell line , and under in vivo conditions the oral supplement of this halogen activates the antitumor immune response , preventing progression of xenografts from laminal and basal mammary cancer cells .
These effects allow us to propose iodine supplementation as a possible adjuvant in breast cancer therapy .

BACKGROUND: The immune system is a crucial component in cancer progression or regression. Molecular iodine (I) exerts significant antineoplastic effects, acting as a differentiation inductor and immune modulator, but its effects in antitumor immune response are not elucidated.
METHODS: The present work analyzed the effect of Iin human breast cancer cell lines with low (MCF-7) and high (MDA-MB231) metastatic potential under both in vitro (cell proliferation and invasion assay) and in vivo (xenografts of athymic nude mice) conditions.
RESULTS: In vitro analysis showed that the 200 μM Isupplement decreases the proliferation rate in both cell lines and diminishes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) profile and the invasive capacity in MDA-MB231. In immunosuppressed mice, the Isupplement impairs implantation (incidence), tumoral growth, and proliferation of both types of cells. Xenografts of the animals treated with Idecrease the expression of invasion markers like CD44, vimentin, urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor; and increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Moreover, in mice with xenografts, the Isupplement increases the circulating level of leukocytes and the number of intratumoral infiltrating lymphocytes, some of them activated as CD8+, suggesting the activation of antitumor immune responses.
CONCLUSIONS: Idecreases the invasive potential of a triple negative basal cancer cell line, and under in vivo conditions the oral supplement of this halogen activates the antitumor immune response, preventing progression of xenografts from laminal and basal mammary cancer cells. These effects allow us to propose iodine supplementation as a possible adjuvant in breast cancer therapy.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Immunostimulatory effect of Zinc Phthalocyanine derivatives on macrophages based on the pro-inflamma

Immunostimulatory effect of Zinc Phthalocyanine derivatives on macrophages based on the pro-inflammatory TNFα and IL1β cytokine production levels.

In this study , we examined the effect of halogen substitution on the ability of ZnPcs to stimulate or regulate @ @ @ @ @ There have been studies focusing on the usage of Pcs as treatment option against different @ @ @ @ @ should be paid on their possible positive or negative effects on the immune system for @ @ @ @ @ designed and synthesized unique ZnPcs with iodine substitution and further tested their effect on mammalian @ @ @ @ @ are crucial cell types that can define the immune response by cytokine production as well @ @ @ @ @ the other immune system cells after phagocytosis of the danger associated molecules .
Our results @ @ @ @ @ the iodine substituted ZnPc on macrophages based on the changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine production levels @ @ @ @ @ IL6 ) .
This effect dependent on the presence of iodine ; since non-substituted ZnPc @ @ @ @ @ stimulatory activity on the macrophages .
These results support a possible use of the reagents @ @ @ @ @ would get affected detrimentally by the pro-inflammatory environment .

In this study, we examined the effect of halogen substitution on the ability of ZnPcs to stimulate or regulate the immune system cells. There have been studies focusing on the usage of Pcs as treatment option against different cancer types. More attention should be paid on their possible positive or negative effects on the immune system for better prognosis rates. We designed and synthesized unique ZnPcs with iodine substitution and further tested their effect on mammalian macrophage cell line. Macrophages are crucial cell types that can define the immune response by cytokine production as well as by antigen presentation to the other immune system cells after phagocytosis of the danger associated molecules. Our results suggest an immunostimulatory role for the iodine substituted ZnPc on macrophages based on the changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine production levels (TNFα, IL1β and IL6). This effect dependent on the presence of iodine; since non-substituted ZnPc did not exert such a stimulatory activity on the macrophages. These results support a possible use of the reagents against the tumor types that would get affected detrimentally by the pro-inflammatory environment.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Family violence and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support.

Family violence refers to threatening or other violent behaviour within families that may be physical , sexual , psychological , @ @ @ @ @ include child abuse and intimate partner violence ( Peterman et al .
2020 , van @ @ @ @ @ ) .
Family violence during pandemics is associated with a range of factors including economic @ @ @ @ @ increased exposure to exploitative relationships , and reduced options for support ( Peterman et al @ @ @ @ @ to the social isolation measures implemented across the globe to help reduce the spread of @ @ @ @ @ volatile situations of family violence are restricted to their homes .
Social isolation exacerbates personal @ @ @ @ @ accessible and familiar support options ( van Gelder et al .
2020 ) .
In @ @ @ @ @ , we have already seen an increase in demand for domestic violence services and reports @ @ @ @ @ not attending schools ( Duncan , 2020 ) ; a pattern similar to previous episodes @ @ @ @ @ epidemics and pandemics ( Boddy , Young & O'Leary 2020 ) .

Family violence refers to threatening or other violent behaviour within families that may be physical, sexual, psychological, or economic, and can include child abuse and intimate partner violence (Peterman et al. 2020, van Gelder et al. 2020). Family violence during pandemics is associated with a range of factors including economic stress, disaster-related instability, increased exposure to exploitative relationships, and reduced options for support (Peterman et al. 2020). Due to the social isolation measures implemented across the globe to help reduce the spread of COVID-19, people living in volatile situations of family violence are restricted to their homes. Social isolation exacerbates personal and collective vulnerabilities while limiting accessible and familiar support options (van Gelder et al. 2020). In many countries, including Australia, we have already seen an increase in demand for domestic violence services and reports of increased risk for children not attending schools (Duncan, 2020); a pattern similar to previous episodes of social isolation associated with epidemics and pandemics (Boddy, Young&O'Leary 2020).


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for hospital admissions for respiratory disease amon

Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for hospital admissions for respiratory disease among older adults

Rising hospital admissions due to respiratory disease ( RD ) are a major challenge to hospitals .
This study explored @ @ @ @ @ 4478 older adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing .
Data were linked with @ @ @ @ @ registry data ( follow-up 9.6 years ) and analysed using survival analysis accounting for competing @ @ @ @ @ social disengagement but not social contact or loneliness were associated with an increased risk of @ @ @ @ @ socio-demographic , health and behaviour factors .
Providing support for disengaged adults living alone who @ @ @ @ @ admissions should be explored .

Rising hospital admissions due to respiratory disease (RD) are a major challenge to hospitals. This study explored modifiable social risk factors among 4478 older adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Data were linked with administrative hospital records and mortality registry data (follow-up 9.6 years) and analysed using survival analysis accounting for competing risks. Living alone and social disengagement but not social contact or loneliness were associated with an increased risk of RD admissions, independent of socio-demographic, health and behaviour factors. Providing support for disengaged adults living alone who are at risk of RD admissions should be explored.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Curcumin Helps Relieve Painful Diabetic Foot Neuropathy


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Zinc supplementation attenuates cardiac remodelling after experimental myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND/AIMS : The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on cardiac remodeling following acute myocardial infarction in rats .
METHODS : Animals were subdivided into 4 groups and observed for 3 months : 1 ) Sham Control ; 2 ) Sham Zinc : Sham animals receiving zinc supplementation ; 3 ) Infarction Control ; 4 ) Infarction Zinc .
After the followup period , we studied hypertrophy and ventricular geometry , functional alterations in vivo and in vitro , changes related to collagen , oxidative stress , and inflammation , assessed by echocardiogram , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ flow cytometer , morphometry , and spectrophotometry .
RESULTS : Infarction induced a significant worsening of the functional variables .
On the other hand , zinc attenuated both systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction induced by infarction .
Considering the infarct size , there was no difference between the groups .
Catalase and superoxide dismutase decreased in infarcted animals , and zinc increased its activity .
We found higher expression of collagens I and III in infarcted animals , but there was no effect of zinc supplementation .
Likewise , infarcted animals had higher @ @ @ @ @ @ @ interference .
Nrf-2 values were not different among the groups .
Infarction increased the amount of Treg cells in the spleen as well as the amount of total lymphocytes .
Zinc increased the amount of CD4+ in infarcted animals , but we did not observe effects in relation to Treg cells .
CONCLUSION : zinc attenuates cardiac remodeling after infarction in rats ; this effect is associated with modulation of antioxidant enzymes , but without the involvement of collagens I and III , Nrf-2 , IL-10 , and Treg cells .

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on cardiac remodeling following acute myocardial infarction in rats.
METHODS: Animals were subdivided into 4 groups and observed for 3 months: 1) Sham Control; 2) Sham Zinc: Sham animals receiving zinc supplementation; 3) Infarction Control; 4) Infarction Zinc. After the followup period, we studied hypertrophy and ventricular geometry, functional alterations in vivo and in vitro, changes related to collagen, oxidative stress, and inflammation, assessed by echocardiogram, isolated heart study, western blot, flow cytometer, morphometry, and spectrophotometry.
RESULTS: Infarction induced a significant worsening of the functional variables. On the other hand, zinc attenuated both systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction induced by infarction. Considering the infarct size, there was no difference between the groups. Catalase and superoxide dismutase decreased in infarcted animals, and zinc increased its activity. We found higher expression of collagens I and III in infarcted animals, but there was no effect of zinc supplementation. Likewise, infarcted animals had higher levels of IL-10, but without zinc interference. Nrf-2 values were not different among the groups. Infarction increased the amount of Treg cells in the spleen as well as the amount of total lymphocytes. Zinc increased the amount of CD4+ in infarcted animals, but we did not observe effects in relation to Treg cells.
CONCLUSION: zinc attenuates cardiac remodeling after infarction in rats; this effect is associated with modulation of antioxidant enzymes, but without the involvement of collagens I and III, Nrf-2, IL-10, and Treg cells.


greenmedinfo--2020-04-24--Social Distancing May Worsen Epidemic Outcomes