greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--Nephroprotective property of Trifolium repens leaf extract against paracetamol-induced kidney damage

Nephroprotective property of Trifolium repens leaf extract against paracetamol-induced kidney damage.

Paracetamol-induced toxicity is one of the major drawbacks in the treatment of inflammatory conditions .
The present study was performed to find out the impacts of phenolic compounds in the ( white clover ) leaves ( TR ) against the paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity in mice .
The extract was administered orally to mice in different doses ( 1 , 2 , and 3 mL having a dry mass of 11.0 mg/mL ) along with paracetamol ( 300 mg/kg ) alone or in combination .
Kidney histology , serum renal function tests , serum electrolytes , reduced glutathione , and lipid peroxidation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ weight , renal profile biochemistry , serum electrolytes , reduced glutathione , and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ( as lipid peroxidation ) in mice .
The amount of total phenolic compounds identified in the extract was 8.89 mg/g , representing 80.8 % of the extract .
The simultaneous administration of the TR extract leads to thenormalization of all those parameters , which were deviated due to paracetamol ingestion .
Kidney histological examination showed that nephrotoxicity was induced due to paracetamol , while the extract rich in phenolic compounds acts as therapeutic agents .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ glutathione from 0.837 to 2.21 of the paracetamol and paracetamol with 3-mL extract , respectively .
Lipid peroxidation in the kidney was significantly (

Paracetamol-induced toxicity is one of the major drawbacks in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The present study was performed to find out the impacts of phenolic compounds in the(white clover) leaves (TR) against the paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. The extract was administered orally to mice in different doses (1, 2, and 3 mL having a dry mass of 11.0 mg/mL) along with paracetamol (300 mg/kg) alone or in combination. Kidney histology, serum renal function tests, serum electrolytes, reduced glutathione, and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. Paracetamol significantly affected kidney weight, renal profile biochemistry, serum electrolytes, reduced glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (as lipid peroxidation) in mice. The amount of total phenolic compounds identified in the extract was 8.89 mg/g, representing 80.8% of the extract. The simultaneous administration of the TR extract leads to thenormalization of all those parameters, which were deviated due to paracetamol ingestion. Kidney histological examination showed that nephrotoxicity was induced due to paracetamol, while the extract rich in phenolic compounds acts as therapeutic agents. The administration of extract also normalizedthe reduced glutathione from 0.837 to 2.21 of the paracetamol and paracetamol with 3-mL extract, respectively. Lipid peroxidation in the kidney was significantly ( < 0.05) declined by the extract (0.435 µmol/g) as compared to PC (3.96 µmol/g). In conclusion, TR extract possesses active beneficial phenolic compounds with nephroprotective function.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--Opuntia cladode powders inhibit adipogenesis in 3 T3-F442A adipocytes and a high-fat-diet rat model.

BACKGROUND : Obesity is a major public health concern worldwide .
A sedentary life and a nutritional transition to processed foods and high-calorie diets are contributing factors to obesity .
The demand for nutraceutical foods , such as herbal weight-loss products , which offer the potential to counteract obesity , has consequently increased .
We hypothesised that Opuntia cladodes consumption could assist weight management in an obesity prevention context .
METHODS : This study was designed to explore the anti-adipogenic effects of lyophilised Opuntia cladode powders ( OCP ) in an in vitro cellular model for adipocyte differentiation and an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ obesity rat model .
Two OCP were tested , one from wild species O. streptacantha and the second from the most known species O. ficus-indica .
RESULTS : Pre-adipocytes 3 T3-F442A were treated by OCP during the differentiation process by insulin .
OCP treatment impaired the differentiation in adipocytes , as supported by the decreased triglyceride content and a low glucose uptake , which remained comparable to that observed in undifferentiated controls , suggesting that an anti-adipogenic effect was exerted by OCP .
Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a normal or HFD , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ weeks .
OCP treatment slightly reduced body weight gain , liver and abdominal fat weights , improved some obesity-related metabolic parameters and increased triglyceride excretion in the faeces .
Taken together , these results showed that OCP might contribute to reduce adipogenesis and fat storage in a HFD context , notably by promoting the faecal excretion of fats .
CONCLUSIONS : Opuntia cladodes may be used as a dietary supplement or potential therapeutic agent in diet-based therapies for weight management to prevent obesity .

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major public health concern worldwide. A sedentary life and a nutritional transition to processed foods and high-calorie diets are contributing factors to obesity. The demand for nutraceutical foods, such as herbal weight-loss products, which offer the potential to counteract obesity, has consequently increased. We hypothesised that Opuntia cladodes consumption could assist weight management in an obesity prevention context.
METHODS: This study was designed to explore the anti-adipogenic effects of lyophilised Opuntia cladode powders (OCP) in an in vitro cellular model for adipocyte differentiation and an in vivo high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity rat model. Two OCP were tested, one from wild species O. streptacantha and the second from the most known species O. ficus-indica.
RESULTS: Pre-adipocytes 3 T3-F442A were treated by OCP during the differentiation process by insulin. OCP treatment impaired the differentiation in adipocytes, as supported by the decreased triglyceride content and a low glucose uptake, which remained comparable to that observed in undifferentiated controls, suggesting that an anti-adipogenic effect was exerted by OCP. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a normal or HFD, supplemented or not with OCP for 8 weeks. OCP treatment slightly reduced body weight gain, liver and abdominal fat weights, improved some obesity-related metabolic parameters and increased triglyceride excretion in the faeces. Taken together, these results showed that OCP might contribute to reduce adipogenesis and fat storage in a HFD context, notably by promoting the faecal excretion of fats.
CONCLUSIONS: Opuntia cladodes may be used as a dietary supplement or potential therapeutic agent in diet-based therapies for weight management to prevent obesity.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--Polysaccharides from Opuntia milpa alta alleviate alloxan-induced INS-1 cells apoptosis.

The incidence and progression of type 2 diabetes are closely related to pancreaticβ-cell damage .
Oxidative stress may be one of the key factors contributing to β-cell apoptosis .
Opuntia milpa alta polysaccharides ( MAPs ) are water-soluble macromolecular polysaccharides that have antidiabetic effects in vivo .
Therefore , we hypothesized that MAPs might effectively prevent β-cellapoptosis via the inhibition of oxidative damages .
In this study , INS-1 cells were exposed to alloxan with different concentrations of MAPs in vitro , and the cell viability , oxidative enzyme activities , nitric oxide production , reactive oxygen species production , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the antioxidant nucleus transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) pathway and proteins related to apoptosis were measured to assess oxidative stress responses and apoptosis .
The results indicated that INS-1 cell viabilities and superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione activities were significantly restored , whereas lactate dehydrogenase releases and reactive oxygen species , nitric oxide , and malondialdehyde levels were greatly decreased after MAPs treatment .
We found that MAPs could attenuate alloxan-induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bcl-2 and decreasing the expression of Bax and the activities of caspase-3 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ blot revealed that MAPs suppressed the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP and upregulated the expression of nucleus Nrf2 and its downstream protein .
These findings indicated that MAPs could alleviate alloxan-induced β-cell apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress and upregulating Nrf2 expression .

The incidence and progression of type 2 diabetes are closely related to pancreaticβ-cell damage. Oxidative stress may be one of the key factors contributing to β-cell apoptosis. Opuntia milpa alta polysaccharides (MAPs) are water-soluble macromolecular polysaccharides that have antidiabetic effects in vivo. Therefore, we hypothesized that MAPs might effectively prevent β-cellapoptosis via the inhibition of oxidative damages. In this study, INS-1 cells were exposed to alloxan with different concentrations of MAPs in vitro, and the cell viability, oxidative enzyme activities, nitric oxide production, reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, and the expression of proteins in the antioxidant nucleus transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and proteins related to apoptosis were measured to assess oxidative stress responses and apoptosis. The results indicated that INS-1 cell viabilities and superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione activities were significantly restored, whereas lactate dehydrogenase releases and reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels were greatly decreased after MAPs treatment. We found that MAPs could attenuate alloxan-induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bcl-2 and decreasing the expression of Bax and the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9. The results of Western blot revealed that MAPs suppressed the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP and upregulated the expression of nucleus Nrf2 and its downstream protein. These findings indicated that MAPs could alleviate alloxan-induced β-cell apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress and upregulating Nrf2 expression.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--The phytochemical indicaxanthin synergistically enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells.

Combining phytochemicals with chemotherapics is an emerging strategy to treat cancer to overcome drug toxicity and resistance with natural compounds .
We assessed the effects of indicaxanthin ( Ind ) , a pigment obtained from ( L. Mill ) fruit , combined with cisplatin ( CDDP ) against cervical cancer cells ( HeLa ) .
Measured cell viability via Trypan blue assay ; cell morphology via fluorescence microscopy ; apoptosis , cell cycle , mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP ) and cell redox balance via flow-cytometry ; expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins via western blot .
Cell viability assays and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ CDDP and Ind had synergistic cytotoxic effects .
Combined treatment had significant effects ( < 0.05 ) on phosphatidylserine externalization , cell morphological changes , cell cycle arrest , fall in MMP , ROS production and GSH decay compared with the individual treatment groups .
Bax , cytochrome c , p53 and p21were over-expressed , while Bcl-2 was downregulated .
Pre-treatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine abolished the observed synergistic effects .
We also demonstrated potentiation of CDDP anticancer activity by nutritionally relevant concentrations of Ind .
Oxidative stress-dependent mitochondrial cell death is the basis of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ CDDP against HeLa cancer cells .
ROS act as upstream signaling molecules to initiate apoptosis via p53/p21axis .
Ind can be a phytochemical of interest in combo-therapy .

Combining phytochemicals with chemotherapics is an emerging strategy to treat cancer to overcome drug toxicity and resistance with natural compounds. We assessed the effects of indicaxanthin (Ind), a pigment obtained from(L. Mill) fruit, combined with cisplatin (CDDP) against cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Measured cell viability via Trypan blue assay; cell morphology via fluorescence microscopy; apoptosis, cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell redox balance via flow-cytometry; expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins via western blot. Cell viability assays and Chou-Talalay plot demonstrated that the combination of CDDP and Ind had synergistic cytotoxic effects. Combined treatment had significant effects (<0.05) on phosphatidylserine externalization, cell morphological changes, cell cycle arrest, fall in MMP, ROS production and GSH decay compared with the individual treatment groups. Bax, cytochrome c, p53 and p21were over-expressed, while Bcl-2 was downregulated. Pre-treatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine abolished the observed synergistic effects. We also demonstrated potentiation of CDDP anticancer activity by nutritionally relevant concentrations of Ind. Oxidative stress-dependent mitochondrial cell death is the basis of the chemosensitizing effect of Ind combined with CDDP against HeLa cancer cells. ROS act as upstream signaling molecules to initiate apoptosis via p53/p21axis. Ind can be a phytochemical of interest in combo-therapy.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--Opuntia ficus-indica might be promising candidate for treating Alzheimer disease.

( L. ) Mill .
( OFI ) , also known as Indian figor prickly pear , is a member of the family Cactaceae that produces edible , nutritionally rich sweet fruits .
It has been traditionally used to treat several health disorders and is considered to possess various therapeutic properties .
In this work , we have characterized 37 secondary metabolites using HPLC-MS/MS , identified the polysaccharide from the fruits and cladodes pulpand estimated the neuroprotective activityAll tested extracts exhibited substantial antioxidant activitiesand neuroprotective potential in AlClinduced Alzheimer 's condition .
Administration of OFI extracts attenuated AlClinduced learning and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ test and counteracted the oxidative stress as manifested from decreasein the elevated MDA level , increased TAC , GSH , SOD and CAT levels .
OFI extracts significantly decreased the elevated brain levels of proinflammatory cytokines ( NF-κβ and TNF-α ) , increased anti-inflammatory cytokine ( IL-10 ) , and monoamine neurotransmitters ( NE , DA , 5-HT ) as compared to positive control group .
The extracts showed a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase level ( AChE ) as compared with AlClFurthermore , molecular docking was performed to investigate the ability of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) and serotonin transporter ( SERT ) .
Among the tested extracts , cladodes contain highest phenolic content and exhibited the highest antioxidant , anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities , which could be attributed to presence of several polyphenols , which could function as AChE and SERT inhibitors.might be promising candidate for treating Alzheimer disease , which makes it a subject for more detailed studies .

(L.) Mill. (OFI), also known as Indian figor prickly pear, is a member of the family Cactaceae that produces edible, nutritionally rich sweet fruits. It has been traditionally used to treat several health disorders and is considered to possess various therapeutic properties. In this work, we have characterized 37 secondary metabolites using HPLC-MS/MS, identified the polysaccharide from the fruits and cladodes pulpand estimated the neuroprotective activityAll tested extracts exhibited substantial antioxidant activitiesand neuroprotective potential in AlClinduced Alzheimer's condition. Administration of OFI extracts attenuated AlClinduced learning and memory impairment as confirmed from passive avoidance test and counteracted the oxidative stress as manifested from decreasein the elevated MDA level, increased TAC, GSH, SOD and CAT levels. OFI extracts significantly decreased the elevated brain levels of proinflammatory cytokines (NF-κβ and TNF-α), increased anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), and monoamine neurotransmitters (NE, DA, 5-HT) as compared to positive control group. The extracts showed a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase level (AChE) as compared with AlClFurthermore, molecular docking was performed to investigate the ability of the major constituents of OFI extracts to interact with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and serotonin transporter (SERT). Among the tested extracts, cladodes contain highest phenolic content and exhibited the highest antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, which could be attributed to presence of several polyphenols, which could function as AChE and SERT inhibitors.might be promising candidate for treating Alzheimer disease, which makes it a subject for more detailed studies.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--Nopal fiber (Opuntia ficus-indica) improves symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome in the short term.

BACKGROUND : Clinical guidelines provide limited and conflicting recommendations regarding dietary fiber supplementation in irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) .
Nopal ( Opuntia ficus-indica ) is a cactus plant fiber containing both insoluble and soluble fibers that may have therapeutic potential in IBS .
Our aim was to evaluate the dose-response effect of extracted nopal fiber powder on symptoms in IBS .
METHODS : We performed a 4-arm , double-blind , parallel , randomized controlled trial in 60 patients fulfilling Rome IV criteria for IBS .
Patients were randomized and blindly allocated to receive either nopal fiber ( 10 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ or placebo ( 30 g/day dextrose ) for one week and to keep their usual diet .
Symptom severity ( Global Symptom Question , IBS-SSS , Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale ) , stool frequency and consistency ( Bristol Stool Form Scale ) , breath hydrogen response , and stool short-chain fatty acids ( SCFA ) were measured at baseline and follow-up .
KEY RESULTS : Significantly more patients reported adequate relief of symptoms after 20 g/day ( 87 % , p = 0.008 ) and 30 g/day ( 80 % , p = @ @ @ @ @ @ @ placebo ( 33 % ) .
More patients receiving 20 g/day nopal fiber ( 67 % ) had a > 50 % reduction in IBS-SSS compared to placebo ( 20 % , p = 0.027 ) , whereas the 30 g/day dose induced more loose stools ( p = 0.027 ) .
Response rates were similar among IBS subtypes .
There were no differences in breath hydrogen or stool SCFA between groups .
CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES : Nopal fiber supplementation at doses of 20 and 30 g/day was associated with short-term improvement in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ clinical trial of longer duration with symptomatic , physiological , and microbiological endpoints .

BACKGROUND: Clinical guidelines provide limited and conflicting recommendations regarding dietary fiber supplementation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) is a cactus plant fiber containing both insoluble and soluble fibers that may have therapeutic potential in IBS. Our aim was to evaluate the dose-response effect of extracted nopal fiber powder on symptoms in IBS.
METHODS: We performed a 4-arm, double-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial in 60 patients fulfilling Rome IV criteria for IBS. Patients were randomized and blindly allocated to receive either nopal fiber (10, 20, or 30 g/day) or placebo (30 g/day dextrose) for one week and to keep their usual diet. Symptom severity (Global Symptom Question, IBS-SSS, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale), stool frequency and consistency (Bristol Stool Form Scale), breath hydrogen response, and stool short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured at baseline and follow-up.
KEY RESULTS: Significantly more patients reported adequate relief of symptoms after 20 g/day (87%, p = 0.008) and 30 g/day (80%, p = 0.025) of nopal fiber compared to placebo (33%). More patients receiving 20 g/day nopal fiber (67%) had a > 50% reduction in IBS-SSS compared to placebo (20%, p = 0.027), whereas the 30 g/day dose induced more loose stools (p = 0.027). Response rates were similar among IBS subtypes. There were no differences in breath hydrogen or stool SCFA between groups.
CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES: Nopal fiber supplementation at doses of 20 and 30 g/day was associated with short-term improvement in IBS symptoms, warranting a fully powered clinical trial of longer duration with symptomatic, physiological, and microbiological endpoints.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--Opuntia ficus-indica stem administration in participant’s 70 years of age shows a positive effect on

Opuntia ficus-indica stem administration in participant’s 70 years of age shows a positive effect on overall cognitive function.

Many natural compounds have been reported to improve cognitive function in cell- and animal-based studies .
In this clinical trial , we evaluated the efficacy of ethanolic extract ofvar.stem for improving cognitive function using a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial ( = 81 ) in aged people .
After 12 weeks of administration of OFE ( a mixture of ethanolic extract ofvar.stem and dextrin ) or placebo , the effect on cognitive function was assessed .
Overall , OFE did not show a significant difference from the placebo in terms of efficacy .
However , the cognitive function significantly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the placebo group in the subgroup≤70 years of age , which means that the effect of OFE administration exhibits an age-dependent effect .
In addition , the safety of OFE was confirmed by analyzing blood test results , vital signs , and electrocardiograms .
In conclusion , OFE administration in participants ≤70 years of age shows a positive effect on overall cognitive function .
The trial was registered on CRIS ( the Clinical Research Information Service ) , administered by the Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention ( Registration Number : KCT0003766 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ seq=12957 ) .

Many natural compounds have been reported to improve cognitive function in cell- and animal-based studies. In this clinical trial, we evaluated the efficacy of ethanolic extract ofvar.stem for improving cognitive function using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial ( = 81) in aged people. After 12 weeks of administration of OFE (a mixture of ethanolic extract ofvar.stem and dextrin) or placebo, the effect on cognitive function was assessed. Overall, OFE did not show a significant difference from the placebo in terms of efficacy. However, the cognitive function significantly improved in the OFE group compared with the placebo group in the subgroup≤70 years of age, which means that the effect of OFE administration exhibits an age-dependent effect. In addition, the safety of OFE was confirmed by analyzing blood test results, vital signs, and electrocardiograms. In conclusion, OFE administration in participants ≤70 years of age shows a positive effect on overall cognitive function. The trial was registered on CRIS (the Clinical Research Information Service), administered by the Korea Centers for Disease Control&Prevention (Registration Number: KCT0003766; URL: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/en/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=12957).


greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--Anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of Acacia modesta and Opuntia monocantha extracts

Anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of Acacia modesta and Opuntia monocantha extracts on HeLa cells.

BACKGROUND : Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world .
Numerous phytochemicals from plants have shown antineoplastic effects via programmed cell death ( apoptosis ) .
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of Acacia modesta and Opuntia monocantha against HeLa cells .
METHODS : To estimate anti-proliferative activity of the plants against HeLa cells , ethanol solvent was used for the extraction .
For the evaluation of anti-proliferative effects , MTT assay was performed with 100 , 200 , and 400µg/mL dose .
The antioxidant assays @ @ @ @ @ @ @ superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and catalase were performed .
Moreover , enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) was performed .
Furthermore , immunocytometry P53 and flow cytometry were also carried out to assess the apoptosis in HeLa cell .
RESULTS : MTT assay showed that the groups treated with Opuntia monocantha and Acacia modest have less level of toxicity as compared to untreated groups .
Antioxidant assays confirmed that GSH , SPD and , catalase activities were quite decreased in treated groups as compared to untreated groups .
Similarly , ELISA @ @ @ @ @ @ @ apoptosis effect in treated groups as compared to untreated groups .
CONCLUSION : Based on above findings , treatment of HeLa cells with these plant extracts induced apoptosis , restricts proliferation , and enhances the anti-oxidative index in post treated cells .
.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Numerous phytochemicals from plants have shown antineoplastic effects via programmed cell death (apoptosis). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of Acacia modesta and Opuntia monocantha against HeLa cells.
METHODS: To estimate anti-proliferative activity of the plants against HeLa cells, ethanol solvent was used for the extraction. For the evaluation of anti-proliferative effects, MTT assay was performed with 100, 200, and 400µg/mL dose. The antioxidant assays including glutathione reductase (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were performed. Moreover, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed. Furthermore, immunocytometry P53 and flow cytometry were also carried out to assess the apoptosis in HeLa cell.
RESULTS: MTT assay showed that the groups treated with Opuntia monocantha and Acacia modest have less level of toxicity as compared to untreated groups. Antioxidant assays confirmed that GSH, SPD and, catalase activities were quite decreased in treated groups as compared to untreated groups. Similarly, ELISA and apoptosis p53 have shown more pronounced apoptosis effect in treated groups as compared to untreated groups.
CONCLUSION: Based on above findings, treatment of HeLa cells with these plant extracts induced apoptosis, restricts proliferation, and enhances the anti-oxidative index in post treated cells.
.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--The current study highlight the anti-inflammatory property of pumpkin, linseed, and prickly pear oil

The current study highlight the anti-inflammatory property of pumpkin, linseed, and prickly pear oils on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation.

Medicinal plants have been used as a source of effective and safe alternative therapeutic agents for various ailments including inflammation .
In fact , the aim of this study is to assess the topical anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential effects of ( pumpkin ) , ( linseed ) , and ( prickly pear ) oils on acute inflammation using carrageenan-induced paw edema model .
The study was conducted on 36 rats splitted in 6 groups : a normal control group and 5 carrageenan-treated groups ( 1 % ) , each treated with either a normal saline , the reference drug ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ pumpkin , linseed , or prickly pear oils ( 25 l/paw ) .
The response to these treatments was mainly assessed by the measuring of edema paw size , hematological and biochemical analysis , oxidative stress testing , and histological study .
All the studied seed oils especially prickly pear oil proved to be efficient in treating acute inflammation .
The oil-treated groups revealed a significant ( < 0.05 ) decrease in the clinical signs of inflammation , hematological parameters ( white blood cells and platelets ) , concentrations of CRP and fibrinogen @ @ @ @ @ @ @ saline-treated group .
The results also showed that the tested oils , endowed with a radical scavenging ability , could significantly increase the activities of SOD , CAT , and GPx in carrageenan-treated skin by reducing the lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation ( TBARS , AOPP ) .
The anti-inflammatory effect of the tested oils was closely related to both their antioxidant properties as well as their bioactive compounds ( polyunsaturated fatty acids , vitamin E , and phytosterols ) .
For the first time , the findings of the current study highlight @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , linseed , and prickly pear oils on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation by regulating inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers .

Medicinal plants have been used as a source of effective and safe alternative therapeutic agents for various ailments including inflammation. In fact, the aim of this study is to assess the topical anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential effects of(pumpkin),(linseed), and(prickly pear) oils on acute inflammation using carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The study was conducted on 36 rats splitted in 6 groups: a normal control group and 5 carrageenan-treated groups (1%), each treated with either a normal saline, the reference drug ("Inflocine®"2 mg/paw), pumpkin, linseed, or prickly pear oils (25 l/paw). The response to these treatments was mainly assessed by the measuring of edema paw size, hematological and biochemical analysis, oxidative stress testing, and histological study. All the studied seed oils especially prickly pear oil proved to be efficient in treating acute inflammation. The oil-treated groups revealed a significant (<0.05) decrease in the clinical signs of inflammation, hematological parameters (white blood cells and platelets), concentrations of CRP and fibrinogen, and congestion compared to the normal saline-treated group. The results also showed that the tested oils, endowed with a radical scavenging ability, could significantly increase the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx in carrageenan-treated skin by reducing the lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation (TBARS, AOPP). The anti-inflammatory effect of the tested oils was closely related to both their antioxidant properties as well as their bioactive compounds (polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, and phytosterols). For the first time, the findings of the current study highlight the""anti-inflammatory property of pumpkin, linseed, and prickly pear oils on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation by regulating inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--Spy Agencies Threaten to 'Take Out' Mercola

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greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--Pumpkin-seed oil possesses effective antischistosomal activity against various stages of S. mansoni.

Background : Schistosomiasis is a tropical parasitic disease treated exclusively with praziquantel ( PZQ ) .
However , PZQ has low efficacy against schistosomula and juveniles .
In addition , the emergence of PZQ resistance has prompted the search for new drugs .
Methods : This study investigated the effects of pumpkin ( ) -seed oil ( PSO ) onadults , juveniles , and newly formed schistosomula in vitro by exposing the parasites to increasing concentrations of PSO ( 20 , 40 , 60 , 80 , and 100µl/mL ) with variable incubation periods ( 24 , 48 , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ PSO on mortality rate , worm activity , and tegumental changes were studied .
Also , effect on DNA were assessed with microsatellite analysis .
Results : All tested stages ofwere susceptible to PSO , which was more effective than PZQ on juvenile worms and schistosomula .
Juveniles and schistosomulawere more sensitive to the antischistosomal activity of PSO than adult worms .
PSO showed evident changes in the integuments of adults , juveniles , and schistosomula .
These changes were more evident with increased concentrations .
At the genomic level , PSO induced @ @ @ @ @ @ @ microsatellite loci R95529 and SMD57 ofadults and schistosomula .
This microsatellite instability is being reported through the current study forin response to PSO for the first time .
Conclusion : This study suggested that PSO possesses effective antischistosomal activity against various stages of .
Further investigations are needed to figure out the mechanism of action of PSO on this parasite .

Background: Schistosomiasis is a tropical parasitic disease treated exclusively with praziquantel (PZQ). However, PZQ has low efficacy against schistosomula and juveniles. In addition, the emergence of PZQ resistance has prompted the search for new drugs.
Methods: This study investigated the effects of pumpkin ()-seed oil (PSO) onadults, juveniles, and newly formed schistosomula in vitro by exposing the parasites to increasing concentrations of PSO (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100µl/mL) with variable incubation periods (24, 48, and 72 hours). Dose-response effects of PSO on mortality rate, worm activity, and tegumental changes were studied. Also, effect on DNA were assessed with microsatellite analysis.
Results: All tested stages ofwere susceptible to PSO, which was more effective than PZQ on juvenile worms and schistosomula. Juveniles and schistosomulawere more sensitive to the antischistosomal activity of PSO than adult worms. PSO showed evident changes in the integuments of adults, juveniles, and schistosomula. These changes were more evident with increased concentrations. At the genomic level, PSO induced clear qualitative and quantitative changes in the microsatellite loci R95529 and SMD57 ofadults and schistosomula. This microsatellite instability is being reported through the current study forin response to PSO for the first time.
Conclusion: This study suggested that PSO possesses effective antischistosomal activity against various stages of. Further investigations are needed to figure out the mechanism of action of PSO on this parasite.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--Serenoa repens and Urtica dioica fixed combination: In-vitro validation of a therapy for benign pros

Serenoa repens and Urtica dioica fixed combination: In-vitro validation of a therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) is an age-related chronic disorder , characterized by the hyperproliferation of prostatic epithelial and stromal cells , which drives prostate enlargement .
Since BPH aetiology and progression have been associated with the persistence of an inflammatory stimulus , induced both by Nuclear Factor-kappa B ( NF-κB ) activation and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production , the inhibition of these pathways could result in a good tool for its clinical treatment .
This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of a combined formulation ofand ( SR/UD ) in an in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ results confirmed both the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of SR/UD .
In fact , SR/UD simultaneously reduced ROS production , NF-κB translocation inside the nucleus , and , consequently , interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) and interleukin 8 ( IL-8 ) production .
Furthermore , the effect of SR/UD was also tested in a human androgen-independent prostate cell model , PC3 .
SR/UD did not show any significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect , but was able to reduce NF-κB translocation .
Taken together , these results suggested a promising role of SR/UD @ @ @ @ @ @ @

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related chronic disorder, characterized by the hyperproliferation of prostatic epithelial and stromal cells, which drives prostate enlargement. Since BPH aetiology and progression have been associated with the persistence of an inflammatory stimulus, induced both by Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the inhibition of these pathways could result in a good tool for its clinical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of a combined formulation ofand(SR/UD) in an in vitro human model of BPH. The results confirmed both the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of SR/UD. In fact, SR/UD simultaneously reduced ROS production, NF-κB translocation inside the nucleus, and, consequently, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) production. Furthermore, the effect of SR/UD was also tested in a human androgen-independent prostate cell model, PC3. SR/UD did not show any significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, but was able to reduce NF-κB translocation. Taken together, these results suggested a promising role of SR/UD in BPH and BPH-linked disorder prevention.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--Urtica dioica agglutinin has a caspase-dependent apoptosis induction effect on the acute lymphoblast

Urtica dioica agglutinin has a caspase-dependent apoptosis induction effect on the acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line.

Urtica dioica agglutinin ( UDA ) is a very small plant lectin with anti-prostatic activity .
In this study , @ @ @ @ @ UDA on proliferation and apoptosis induction in human acute lymphoid leukemia ( ALL ) cell @ @ @ @ @ UDA on Jurkat and Raji cell proliferation was examined by MTS assay .
Distribution of @ @ @ @ @ by PI staining and apoptosis was examined with annexin V/PI and western blot .
Results @ @ @ @ @ proliferation in cells by inducing apoptosis .
PI staining was associated with a higher percentage @ @ @ @ @ sub G1 .
Caspase-8 and caspase-9 dependent apoptosis occurred in Jurkat cells .
Generally , @ @ @ @ @ death in ALL cell lines and induced apoptosis in the T-ALL cell line , Jurkat @ @ @ @ @ pathways .
These results may be considered as a guide to working on UDA as @ @ @ @ @ future .

Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA) is a very small plant lectin with anti-prostatic activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of UDA on proliferation and apoptosis induction in human acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) cell lines. The effect of UDA on Jurkat and Raji cell proliferation was examined by MTS assay. Distribution of cell cycle phases was determined by PI staining and apoptosis was examined with annexin V/PI and western blot. Results showed UDA treatment reduced cell proliferation in cells by inducing apoptosis. PI staining was associated with a higher percentage of the cell population in sub G1. Caspase-8 and caspase-9 dependent apoptosis occurred in Jurkat cells. Generally, UDA treatment resulted in cell death in ALL cell lines and induced apoptosis in the T-ALL cell line, Jurkat, through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. These results may be considered as a guide to working on UDA as an anti-leukemic drug in the future.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-07--COVID-19 Vaccine Bombshell: FDA Documents Reveal DEATH + 21 Serious Conditions As Possible Adverse O

COVID-19 Vaccine Bombshell: FDA Documents Reveal DEATH + 21 Serious Conditions As Possible Adverse Outcomes

Public discussion and documents reveal that the FDA knows that rushed-to-market COVID-19 vaccines may cause a wide range of life-threatening side effects , including death .
Unless the public is made aware of their real effects , and is given a choice , their widespread coercive promotion as `` safe and effective '' and `` necessary '' violates the medical ethical principle of informed consent .
Act now via Stand for Health Freedom to stand up for your rights !
A US Food & Drug Administration advisory committee meeting titled , “ Vaccines and Related Biological Products , ” presented @ @ @ @ @ @ @ included a 27 slide powerpoint presentation by Steve Anderson , PhD , MPP Director , Office of Biostatistics & Epidemiology , Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research ( CBER ) .
Slide 16 of his presentation included a “ DRAFT Working list of possible adverse event outcomes ” associated with the imminent rollout of COVID-19 vaccines subject to FDA safety surveillance , showing that death , as well as 21 other conditions ( most which are life-threatening ) , are listed as possible adverse outcomes of the COVID-19 vaccines .
In the video @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , which we have fast-forwarded to slide 16 : View the full powerpoint presentation from the FDA website here .
The implications of this presentation are highly concerning .
FDA staff are clearly aware of the possibly lethal side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines and are preparing in advance to be on the look out for such adverse outcomes through `` post-marketing survellience . ''
This approach violates the precautionary principle , which requires that a medical intervention be proven safe before being released onto the market .
If it is known that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ especially death , in advance , and still released without the public being fully informed of these risks , this constitutes an egregious violation of the medical ethical principles established through the Nuremberg code in order to prevent human rights violations .
TWO IMMEDIATE CALLS TO ACTION 1 ) The time is NOW to stand up for your fundamnetal human health rights and demand from your lawmakers and elected officials that COVID-19 ( and all vaccines ) be voluntary and not mandatory .
Please join us by taking action on the Stand For @ @ @ @ @ @ @ NOW : Tell your governor and local legislators that COVID-19 vaccines must be voluntary !
2 ) There are two upcoming FDA advisory committee deadlines coming up for public comments ton the COVID-19 vaccines on Dec 10th and Dec. 17th .
These will be livestreamed .
Attend and make a comment !

Visit our Re-post guidelines This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2020
Public discussion and documents reveal that the FDA knows that rushed-to-market COVID-19 vaccines may cause a wide range of life-threatening side effects, including death.
Unless the public is made aware of their real effects, and is given a choice, their widespread coercive promotion as "safe and effective" and "necessary" violates the medical ethical principle of informed consent.
Act now via Stand for Health Freedom to stand up for your rights!
A US Food & Drug Administration advisory committee meeting titled, “Vaccines and Related Biological Products,” presented online on October 22, 2020, included a 27 slide powerpoint presentation by Steve Anderson, PhD, MPP Director, Office of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER). Slide 16 of his presentation included a “DRAFT Working list of possible adverse event outcomes” associated with the imminent rollout of COVID-19 vaccines subject to FDA safety surveillance, showing that death, as well as 21 other conditions (most of which are possibly life-threatening), are listed as possible adverse outcomes of the COVID-19 vaccines.
In the video below, Steve Anderson discusses the presentation, which we have fast-forwarded to slide 16:
View the full powerpoint presentation from the FDA website here.
The implications of this presentation are highly concerning. FDA staff are clearly aware of the possibly lethal side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines and are preparing in advance to be on the look out for such adverse outcomes through "post-marketing survellience." This approach violates the precautionary principle, which requires that a medical intervention be proven safe before being released onto the market. If it is known that the product may cause harm, and especially death, in advance, and still released without the public being fully informed of these risks, this constitutes an egregious violation of the medical ethical principles established through the Nuremberg code in order to prevent human rights violations.
TWO IMMEDIATE CALLS TO ACTION
1) The time is NOW to stand up for your fundamnetal human health rights and demand from your lawmakers and elected officials that COVID-19 (and all vaccines) be voluntary and not mandatory. Please join us by taking action on the Stand For Health Freedom digital advocacy platform.
ACT NOW: Tell your governor and local legislators that COVID-19 vaccines must be voluntary!
2) There are two upcoming FDA advisory committee deadlines coming up for public comments ton the COVID-19 vaccines on Dec 10th and Dec. 17th. These will be livestreamed. Attend and make a comment!
Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee December 10, 2020 Meeting Announcement


greenmedinfo--2020-12-08--Alpha-lipoic acid has the potential to accelerate the process of nerve healing in the context of sci

Alpha-lipoic acid has the potential to accelerate the process of nerve healing in the context of sciatic nerve crush injury.

OBJECTIVE : Investigating regenerative effects of ALA on recovery of SNCI in rats .
DESIGN : Randomized , experimental , and sham-controlled study .
Sciatic nerves of 28 rats in 4 groups were traumatized for 60 seconds .
G1 ; sham-operated + saline , G2 ; SNCI + saline , G3 ; SNCI + ALA 50 mg/kg/day , G4 ; SNCI + ALA 100 mg/kg/day .
SFI values were measured on day 0 , 1 , 7 , 14 , 21 , and 28 .
Sciatic nerve stimulation threshold values ( STV ) were recorded on day 1 , 14 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was conducted .
RESULTS : Mean SFI value of G2 but not G3/G4 on day 7 was significantly lower than day 0 ( p=0.035 , p=0.447/p=0.800 ) .
Mean SFI value of G2 but not G3/G4 increased significantly between day 7 and 14 ( p=0.035 , p=0.447/p=0.438 ) .
Day 14 mean sciatic nerve STV of G3/G4 but not G2 were decreased significantly compared to day 1 ( p=0.022/p=0.022 , p=0.933 ) .
Mean sciatic nerve STV of G3/G4 on day 14 were similar to day 0 ( p=0.106/p=0.418 ) .
Regeneration in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ nerve structures were observed in G3/G4 .
Inflammation in muscle and nerve tissues of G4 was suppressed down to similar levels of G1 .
Myelinated nerve fibers were less degenerated in G3/G4 .
CONCLUSION : ALA has the potential to accelerate the process of nerve healing in the context of SNCI in rats .

OBJECTIVE: Investigating regenerative effects of ALA on recovery of SNCI in rats.
DESIGN: Randomized, experimental, and sham-controlled study. Sciatic nerves of 28 rats in 4 groups were traumatized for 60 seconds. G1; sham-operated + saline, G2; SNCI + saline, G3; SNCI + ALA 50 mg/kg/day, G4; SNCI + ALA 100 mg/kg/day. SFI values were measured on day 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Sciatic nerve stimulation threshold values (STV) were recorded on day 1, 14, and 28. Endpoint histopathologic evaluation was conducted.
RESULTS: Mean SFI value of G2 but not G3/G4 on day 7 was significantly lower than day 0 (p=0.035, p=0.447/p=0.800). Mean SFI value of G2 but not G3/G4 increased significantly between day 7 and 14 (p=0.035, p=0.447/p=0.438). Day 14 mean sciatic nerve STV of G3/G4 but not G2 were decreased significantly compared to day 1 (p=0.022/p=0.022, p=0.933). Mean sciatic nerve STV of G3/G4 on day 14 were similar to day 0 (p=0.106/p=0.418). Regeneration in muscle and nerve connective tissues, and nerve structures were observed in G3/G4. Inflammation in muscle and nerve tissues of G4 was suppressed down to similar levels of G1. Myelinated nerve fibers were less degenerated in G3/G4.
CONCLUSION: ALA has the potential to accelerate the process of nerve healing in the context of SNCI in rats.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-08--Alpha-lipoic acid protected against valproic acid-induced liver damage and hematological disturbance

Alpha-lipoic acid protected against valproic acid-induced liver damage and hematological disturbance.

: Valproic acid ( VPA ) is one of the most used anti-epileptic drugs inspite of its many adverse effects as anemia , leucopenia , thrombocytopenia , and liver toxicity .
The hepatoprotective effect of alpha-lipoic acid ( ALA ) was confirmed .
AIM OF THE STUDY : The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of ALA against the adverse effects of VPA .
Materials & Methods : Thirty white albino Wistar male rats were divided into 4 groups .
Group ( 1 ) was the control group ; Group ( 2 ) included rats that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 14 days ; Group ( 3 ) and Group ( 4 ) included rats that received VPA ( 500 mg/kg/day ) for 15 days intraperitoneal , but group 4 rats received ALA ( 100mg/kg/day ) orally for 14 days prior to VPA .
Blood samples were collected and livers were excised from rats for colorimetric analysis and rt-PCR .
RESULTS : Rats that received VPA showed leucopenia , thrombocytopenia , a significant decrease of SOD , glutathione , Nrf2 , and Sirt1 , besides a significant increase of MDA and TNF alpha .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ results .
CONCLUSION : ALA protected against VPA-induced liver damage and hematological disturbance via anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties .

: Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the most used anti-epileptic drugs inspite of its many adverse effects as anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and liver toxicity. The hepatoprotective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) was confirmed.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of ALA against the adverse effects of VPA. Materials&Methods: Thirty white albino Wistar male rats were divided into 4 groups. Group (1) was the control group; Group (2) included rats that received ALA (100mg/kg/day) orally for 14 days; Group (3) and Group (4) included rats that received VPA (500 mg/kg/day) for 15 days intraperitoneal, but group 4 rats received ALA (100mg/kg/day) orally for 14 days prior to VPA. Blood samples were collected and livers were excised from rats for colorimetric analysis and rt-PCR.
RESULTS: Rats that received VPA showed leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, a significant decrease of SOD, glutathione, Nrf2, and Sirt1, besides a significant increase of MDA and TNF alpha. Prior treatment with ALA prevented all these results.
CONCLUSION: ALA protected against VPA-induced liver damage and hematological disturbance via anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-08--Photobiomodulation therapy applied at two moments 6h before and immediately before exercise was able

Photobiomodulation therapy applied at two moments 6h before and immediately before exercise was able to produce the same total work with lower fatigue.

The aim of this study was to identify the best energy dose of photobiomodulation therapy ( PBMT ) able to improve muscle performance and reduce fatigue during multiple-set knee extension exercise.Eighteen physically active men participated in this study .
Each participant performed an isokinetic exercise protocol ( 5 sets of 10 knee extension repetitions , maximum contractions at 60°·s ) in 6 sessions , 1 week apart .
Control condition ( no PBMT/placebo treatments ) was applied at the first and sixth sessions .
Placebo or PBMT with 135 , 270 , or 540 J/quadriceps was randomly applied from the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were always applied at two moments : 6 h before and immediately before exercise .
The isometric and isokinetic concentric peak torques were assessed before and after the exercise protocol.The knee extension exercise performance ( total work performed during exercise ) was not affected by PBMT ( 135 , 270 , and 540 J ) compared with placebo treatment .
However , all PBMT treatments ( 135 , 270 , and 540 J ) led to lower percentage drop compared with placebo and control conditions on isometric peak torque ( IPT ) , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and concentric work ( W ) .
All PBMT doses led to possibly positive or likely positive effects on IPT , CPT , and W compared with placebo.Our findings demonstrate that PBMT with 135 , 270 , and 540 J applied at two moments ( 6 h before and immediately before exercise ) was able to produce the same total work with lower fatigue , which may facilitate the performance of additional sets ( i.e.
, higher training volume ) .

The aim of this study was to identify the best energy dose of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) able to improve muscle performance and reduce fatigue during multiple-set knee extension exercise.Eighteen physically active men participated in this study. Each participant performed an isokinetic exercise protocol (5 sets of 10 knee extension repetitions, maximum contractions at 60°·s) in 6 sessions, 1 week apart. Control condition (no PBMT/placebo treatments) was applied at the first and sixth sessions. Placebo or PBMT with 135, 270, or 540 J/quadriceps was randomly applied from the second to fifth sessions. Placebo/PBMT treatments were always applied at two moments: 6 h before and immediately before exercise. The isometric and isokinetic concentric peak torques were assessed before and after the exercise protocol.The knee extension exercise performance (total work performed during exercise) was not affected by PBMT (135, 270, and 540 J) compared with placebo treatment. However, all PBMT treatments (135, 270, and 540 J) led to lower percentage drop compared with placebo and control conditions on isometric peak torque (IPT), concentric peak torque (CPT), and concentric work (W). All PBMT doses led to possibly positive or likely positive effects on IPT, CPT, and W compared with placebo.Our findings demonstrate that PBMT with 135, 270, and 540 J applied at two moments (6 h before and immediately before exercise) was able to produce the same total work with lower fatigue, which may facilitate the performance of additional sets (i.e., higher training volume).


greenmedinfo--2020-12-08--Low-level laser therapy was better in treating aphthous ulcer lesions in comparison to topical medic

Low-level laser therapy was better in treating aphthous ulcer lesions in comparison to topical medications.

Objective : The study compares low-level laser therapy with topical medications for treating aphthous ulcers .
Methods : A search of articles in this systematic review was completed in six databases .
Treatment and comparative groups comprised of patients subjected to laser therapy and topical medications , respectively .
Two different treatment outcomes were considered ; pain and size of the lesion .
Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials .
Results : From 109 articles , five randomized control trials fulfilled the selection criteria .
The overall sample comprised of 98 males @ @ @ @ @ @ @ age of 32.4 years .
The laser therapies in each included study had different active media and varying wavelengths .
Topical medication used in the comparative group were triamcinolone acetonide , amlexanox , granofurin , and solcoseryl .
Findings showed that patients who reported lower pain and decreased aphthous ulcer lesions were more in the laser therapy group than in the topical medication group .
Conclusion : Low-level laser therapy was better in treating aphthous ulcer lesions in comparison to topical medications , and all laser wavelengths in the included reports were seen @ @ @ @ @ @ @ results should be interpreted with caution , because no study demonstrated low-risk of bias in all the assessed domains .

Objective: The study compares low-level laser therapy with topical medications for treating aphthous ulcers.
Methods: A search of articles in this systematic review was completed in six databases. Treatment and comparative groups comprised of patients subjected to laser therapy and topical medications, respectively. Two different treatment outcomes were considered; pain and size of the lesion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials.
Results: From 109 articles, five randomized control trials fulfilled the selection criteria. The overall sample comprised of 98 males and 232 females, with a mean age of 32.4 years. The laser therapies in each included study had different active media and varying wavelengths. Topical medication used in the comparative group were triamcinolone acetonide, amlexanox, granofurin, and solcoseryl. Findings showed that patients who reported lower pain and decreased aphthous ulcer lesions were more in the laser therapy group than in the topical medication group.
Conclusion: Low-level laser therapy was better in treating aphthous ulcer lesions in comparison to topical medications, and all laser wavelengths in the included reports were seen to be effective. However, the results should be interpreted with caution, because no study demonstrated low-risk of bias in all the assessed domains.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-08--Alpha-lipoic acid may protect patients with diabetes against COVID-19 infection.

COVID-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly worldwide , and drug selection can affect the morbidity and mortality of the disease positively or negatively .
Alpha-lipoic acid ( ALA ) is a potent antioxidant and reduces oxidative stress and inhibits activation of nuclear factor-kappa B ( NF-kB ) .
ALA reduces ADAM17 activity and ACE2 upregulation .
ALA is known to have antiviral effects against some viruses .
ALA may show antiviral effect by reducing NF-kB activation and alleviating redox reactions .
ALA increases the intracellular glutathione strengthens the human host defense .
ALA activates ATP dependent Kchannels ( Na , K-ATPase @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the intracellular pH .
As the intracellular pH increases , the entry of the virus into the cell decreases .
ALA can increase human host defense against SARS-CoV-2 by increasing intracellular pH .
ALA treatment increases antioxidant levels and reduces oxidative stress .
Thus , ALA may strengthen the human host defense against SARS-CoV-2 and can play a vital role in the treatment of patients with critically ill COVID-19 .
It can prevent cell damage by decreasing lactate production in patients with COVID-19 .
Using ALA with insulin in patients with diabetes can @ @ @ @ @ @ @ We think ALA treatment will be beneficial against COVID-19 in patients with diabetes .

COVID-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly worldwide, and drug selection can affect the morbidity and mortality of the disease positively or negatively. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a potent antioxidant and reduces oxidative stress and inhibits activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). ALA reduces ADAM17 activity and ACE2 upregulation. ALA is known to have antiviral effects against some viruses. ALA may show antiviral effect by reducing NF-kB activation and alleviating redox reactions. ALA increases the intracellular glutathione strengthens the human host defense. ALA activates ATP dependent Kchannels (Na, K-ATPase). Increased Kin the cell raises the intracellular pH. As the intracellular pH increases, the entry of the virus into the cell decreases. ALA can increase human host defense against SARS-CoV-2 by increasing intracellular pH. ALA treatment increases antioxidant levels and reduces oxidative stress. Thus, ALA may strengthen the human host defense against SARS-CoV-2 and can play a vital role in the treatment of patients with critically ill COVID-19. It can prevent cell damage by decreasing lactate production in patients with COVID-19. Using ALA with insulin in patients with diabetes can show a synergistic effect against SARS-CoV-2. We think ALA treatment will be beneficial against COVID-19 in patients with diabetes.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-08--Alpha-lipoic acid improves sperm motility in infertile men after varicocelectomy.

RESEARCH QUESTION : Does supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid ( ALA ) enhance sperm parameters and/or the status of sperm lipid @ @ @ @ @ men who have undergone microsurgical repair of a varicocele ?
DESIGN : Individuals with a @ @ @ @ @ were divided into two groups receiving either 600 mg of ALA or an identical placebo @ @ @ @ @ samples obtained from the participants before surgery and after completion of the course of medication @ @ @ @ @ Participants , clinicians and data analysts were blinded to the randomization sequence .
RESULTS : @ @ @ @ @ total motility ( P = 0.01 ) and progressive motility ( P = 0.002 ) @ @ @ @ @ higher compared with the placebo group after surgery .
Sperm lipid peroxidation and DNA damage @ @ @ @ @ structure assay ) showed significant decreases in both the ALA and placebo groups ( P @ @ @ @ @ .
CONCLUSIONS : An 80-day course of ALA medication after surgical repair improves total motility @ @ @ @ @ spermatozoa in individuals with a varicocele .

RESEARCH QUESTION: Does supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) enhance sperm parameters and/or the status of sperm lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in men who have undergone microsurgical repair of a varicocele?
DESIGN: Individuals with a varicocele who had undergone varicocelectomy were divided into two groups receiving either 600 mg of ALA or an identical placebo for 80 days. Semen samples obtained from the participants before surgery and after completion of the course of medication were analysed and compared. Participants, clinicians and data analysts were blinded to the randomization sequence.
RESULTS: In the ALA group, total motility (P = 0.01) and progressive motility (P = 0.002) of the spermatozoa were significantly higher compared with the placebo group after surgery. Sperm lipid peroxidation and DNA damage (assessed by sperm chromatin structure assay) showed significant decreases in both the ALA and placebo groups (P ≤ 0.02) after treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: An 80-day course of ALA medication after surgical repair improves total motility and progressive motility of the spermatozoa in individuals with a varicocele.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-08--Alpha-lipoic acid alleviates colistin nephrotoxicity.

Colistin methanesulfonate ( CMS ) , a clinical form of colistin , is widely used as a last-line treatment for multidrug-resistant ( MDR ) gram-negative bacterial infections in critically ill patients presenting a considerably high mortality rate .
However , nephrotoxicity is considered to be a critical adverse effect that limits CMS 's clinical use .
Alpha-lipoic acid ( ALA ) is a strong antioxidant that is effective in preventing nephrotoxicity in many models .
The aim of this study was to investigate ALA 's ability to protect against nephrotoxicity induced by colistin in rats .
Male Wistar albino rats @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Group 1 was the control group ( Control ; n = 6 ) , in which isotonic saline was administered to the rats .
Group 2 was the ALA group ( ALA ; n = 6 ) in which rats received 100 mg/kg ALA. Groups 3 was the CMS ( CMS ; n = 7 ) in which 450.000 IU/kg/day of CMS was administered to the rats .
Groups 4 was the CMS + ALA group ( n = 6 ) , in which rats were injected with 100 mg/kg of ALA 30 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ injections were performed intraperitoneally at 1 , 4 , 7 , and 10 days .
Urine was collected by using a metabolic cage for 24 h after each administration .
The rats were euthanized under ether anesthesia after 24 h of the last administration .
Blood and kidney samples then were collected for histological and biochemical analysis .
ALA pretreatment could reverse the effects of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity , partly through its suppressing effect on Nox4 and caspase-3 , which in turn results in its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effect .
Therefore , ALA may @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of colistin nephrotoxicity .

Colistin methanesulfonate (CMS), a clinical form of colistin, is widely used as a last-line treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacterial infections in critically ill patients presenting a considerably high mortality rate. However, nephrotoxicity is considered to be a critical adverse effect that limits CMS's clinical use. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a strong antioxidant that is effective in preventing nephrotoxicity in many models. The aim of this study was to investigate ALA's ability to protect against nephrotoxicity induced by colistin in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was the control group (Control; n = 6), in which isotonic saline was administered to the rats. Group 2 was the ALA group (ALA; n = 6) in which rats received 100 mg/kg ALA. Groups 3 was the CMS (CMS; n = 7) in which 450.000 IU/kg/day of CMS was administered to the rats. Groups 4 was the CMS + ALA group (n = 6), in which rats were injected with 100 mg/kg of ALA 30 min before administration of CMS. All injections were performed intraperitoneally at 1, 4, 7, and 10 days. Urine was collected by using a metabolic cage for 24 h after each administration. The rats were euthanized under ether anesthesia after 24 h of the last administration. Blood and kidney samples then were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. ALA pretreatment could reverse the effects of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity, partly through its suppressing effect on Nox4 and caspase-3, which in turn results in its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effect. Therefore, ALA may be an effective strategy for the management of colistin nephrotoxicity.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-08--The alpha-lipoic acid improves survival and prevents irinotecan-induced inflammation and intestinal

The alpha-lipoic acid improves survival and prevents irinotecan-induced inflammation and intestinal dysmotility.

Irinotecan , an anticancer drug , induces diarrhea and intestinal inflammation , resulting in an increase in the cost of care and in treatment delays .
In this study , we investigated whether alpha-lipoic acid ( α-LA ) could improve irinotecan-mediated intestinal inflammation , diarrhea and dysmotility .
Intestinal mucositis was induced by irinotecan injection ( 75 mg/kg , i.p.
, for 4 days ) in Swiss mice .
α-LA ( 50 , 100 or 200 mg/kg , gavage ) was administered daily 1 h before the injection of irinotecan .
Duodenum tissues were obtained for inflammation and proliferation analysis @ @ @ @ @ @ @ dysmotility , weight body loss and survival were evaluated .
Compared with the control condition , irinotecan diminished ( < 0.05 ) intestinal villus height , caused a loss of crypt integrity and intense inflammatory cell infiltration , increased myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) , IL-6 and IL-1β levels and decreased reduced glutathione ( GSH ) levels in duodenum segments and increased gastric retention and decreased liquid retention in the medial intestinal segment , resulting in increased intestinal transit , severe diarrhea and reduced survival ( approximately 72 % ) .
Furthermore , α-LA @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0.05 ) these irinotecan-induced effects .
Our findings show thatα-LA reduced irinotecan-induced inflammation , intestinal dysmotility and diarrhea , resulting in improved survival .
α-LA may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of gut dysmotility in patients with intestinal mucositis associated with irinotecan treatment .

Irinotecan, an anticancer drug, induces diarrhea and intestinal inflammation, resulting in an increase in the cost of care and in treatment delays. In this study, we investigated whether alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) could improve irinotecan-mediated intestinal inflammation, diarrhea and dysmotility. Intestinal mucositis was induced by irinotecan injection (75 mg/kg, i.p., for 4 days) in Swiss mice. α-LA (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, gavage) was administered daily 1 h before the injection of irinotecan. Duodenum tissues were obtained for inflammation and proliferation analysis. The outcomes: diarrhea, intestinal dysmotility, weight body loss and survival were evaluated. Compared with the control condition, irinotecan diminished (<0.05) intestinal villus height, caused a loss of crypt integrity and intense inflammatory cell infiltration, increased myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-6 and IL-1β levels and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in duodenum segments and increased gastric retention and decreased liquid retention in the medial intestinal segment, resulting in increased intestinal transit, severe diarrhea and reduced survival (approximately 72%). Furthermore, α-LA (200mg/kg) pretreatment ameliorated (<0.05) these irinotecan-induced effects. Our findings show thatα-LA reduced irinotecan-induced inflammation, intestinal dysmotility and diarrhea, resulting in improved survival. α-LA may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of gut dysmotility in patients with intestinal mucositis associated with irinotecan treatment.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-08--The results showed that alpha-lipoic acid supplementation appears to improve the endothelial functio

The results showed that alpha-lipoic acid supplementation appears to improve the endothelial function.

There is evidence that alpha-lipoic acid ( ALA ) supplementation plays an important role in preventing cardiovascular diseases .
However @ @ @ @ @ , on endothelial function ( EF ) is unclear .
Therefore , this systematic review @ @ @ @ @ the effects of ALA supplementation on EF .
Databases including PubMed/Medline , Scopus , and @ @ @ @ @ searched to identify eligible publications from inception up to April 2020 .
Randomized controlled trials @ @ @ @ @ supplementation on flow-mediated dilation ( FMD ) levels in adults were included .
The pooled @ @ @ @ @ random-effects model and are expressed as weighted mean differences ( WMD ) with 95 % @ @ @ @ @ .
Five studies including six effect sizes and 300 participants were included .
ALA supplementation @ @ @ @ @ 2.36 % ( 95 % CI : 1.21-3.51 ; p

There is evidence that alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation plays an important role in preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, its effect, specifically, on endothelial function (EF) is unclear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of ALA supplementation on EF. Databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were searched to identify eligible publications from inception up to April 2020. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of ALA supplementation on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) levels in adults were included. The pooled results were obtained using the random-effects model and are expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Five studies including six effect sizes and 300 participants were included. ALA supplementation significantly increased FMD levels by 2.36% (95% CI: 1.21-3.51; p< .001), compared with the control. Subgroup analyses suggested that the effects of ALA on FMD could be changed by age and health status of the participants. Dose-response analysis also showed that ALA dosage had a significant non-linear effect on FMD levels. The results showed that ALA supplementation appears to improve the EF. However, the role of ALA supplementation in improving other biomarkers of EF requires further research.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-08--Effect of carnosine and α-lipoic acid on hepatocyte apoptosis and the cytokine profile in induced fa

Effect of carnosine and α-lipoic acid on hepatocyte apoptosis and the cytokine profile in induced fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) is now a common liver disease affecting about a third of the world 's population .
In this regard , the issue of studying the pathogenetic factors of the development of this disease in order to select adequate drug therapy and biologically active substances with antioxidant properties regulating the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is of particular relevance.of the study was to assess the effect of minor biologically active substances - carnosine andα-lipoic acid on hepatocyte apoptosis and the cytokine profile in the experimental model of the initial stage of NAFLD..
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with initial body weight of 150±10 g. Animals were divided into 5 groups of 8 rats each .
Within 8 weeks , rats of the 1st group ( control ) received a complete modified diet AIN93M , in which soybean oil was replaced with sunflower oil and lard ( 1:1 ) .
Rats of the experimental groups consumed high-calorie choline-deficient diet ( HCCDD ) , in which fat content was 45 % , fructose content - 20 % of the energy value of the diet .
Rats of the 2nd group were fed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ group - with the addition of carnosine ( 75 mg/kg body weight ) , the 4th group - with the addition of α-lipoic acid ( 75 mg/kg body weight ) , the 5th group - with the addition of carnosine and α-lipoic acid in a total dose of 150 mg/kg body weight .
The study of rat hepatocyte apoptosis was performed by flow cytometry .
Hepatocytes were stained with annexin V and vital dye 7-aminoactinomycin , followed by detection on an flow cytometer .
Thecontent of cytokines and chemokines ( IL-1α , IL-10 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ MIP-3α , RANTES ) in the cytoplasmic fraction of liver tissue was determined by multiplex immunoassay.. On the model of the initial stage of development of NAFLD in male Wistar rats theеnrichment of HCCDD with carnosine and α-lipoic acid had demonstrated a protective effect on hepatocytes with a decrease in apoptosis intensity to the level in control rats .
Under the influence of HCCDD , an increase in the content of M-CSF and MIP-1α and a decrease in the levels of MIP-3α and RANTES , stimulating the migration and differentiation of various immunoregulatory @ @ @ @ @ @ @ stage of the formation of fatty hepatosis , in the cytoplasmic fraction of liver tissue were detected .
Moreover , a decrease in the level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IL-1α and an increase in IL-10 produced mainly by Treg-populations indicate the absence of pronounced inflammatory changes in the liver of male Wistar rats at the initial stages of development of fatty dystrophy.. Enrichment of HCCDD with both carnosine andα-lipoic acid in Wistar rats had a protective effect on hepatocytes with a decrease in apoptosis to a level in control rats .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ activation of anti-inflammatory mechanisms due to the functional predominance of Treg-cells over Th1/Th17 lymphocytes .

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now a common liver disease affecting about a third of the world's population. In this regard, the issue of studying the pathogenetic factors of the development of this disease in order to select adequate drug therapy and biologically active substances with antioxidant properties regulating the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is of particular relevance.of the study was to assess the effect of minor biologically active substances - carnosine andα-lipoic acid on hepatocyte apoptosis and the cytokine profile in the experimental model of the initial stage of NAFLD.. The studies were performed on male Wistar rats with initial body weight of 150±10 g. Animals were divided into 5 groups of 8 rats each. Within 8 weeks, rats of the 1st group (control) received a complete modified diet AIN93M, in which soybean oil was replaced with sunflower oil and lard (1:1). Rats of the experimental groups consumed high-calorie choline-deficient diet (HCCDD), in which fat content was 45%, fructose content - 20% of the energy value of the diet. Rats of the 2nd group were fed HCCDD without any supplements, the 3rd group - with the addition of carnosine (75 mg/kg body weight), the 4th group - with the addition of α-lipoic acid (75 mg/kg body weight), the 5th group - with the addition of carnosine and α-lipoic acid in a total dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. The study of rat hepatocyte apoptosis was performed by flow cytometry. Hepatocytes were stained with annexin V and vital dye 7-aminoactinomycin, followed by detection on an flow cytometer. Thecontent of cytokines and chemokines (IL-1α, IL-10, IL-17А, M-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-3α, RANTES) in the cytoplasmic fraction of liver tissue was determined by multiplex immunoassay.. On the model of the initial stage of development of NAFLD in male Wistar rats theеnrichment of HCCDD with carnosine and α-lipoic acid had demonstrated a protective effect on hepatocytes with a decrease in apoptosis intensity to the level in control rats. Under the influence of HCCDD, an increase in the content of M-CSF and MIP-1α and a decrease in the levels of MIP-3α and RANTES, stimulating the migration and differentiation of various immunoregulatory populations to the parenchyma at an early stage of the formation of fatty hepatosis, in the cytoplasmic fraction of liver tissue were detected. Moreover, a decrease in the level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IL-1α and an increase in IL-10 produced mainly by Treg-populations indicate the absence of pronounced inflammatory changes in the liver of male Wistar rats at the initial stages of development of fatty dystrophy.. Enrichment of HCCDD with both carnosine andα-lipoic acid in Wistar rats had a protective effect on hepatocytes with a decrease in apoptosis to a level in control rats. The increase in the IL-10/IL-17A ratio indicates the activation of anti-inflammatory mechanisms due to the functional predominance of Treg-cells over Th1/Th17 lymphocytes.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-08--Alpha-lipoic acid ameliorates cytarabine-induced developmental anomalies in rat fetus.

Cytarabine ( Ara-C ) is a nucleoside analogue used in the treatment of cancers and viral infections .
It has teratogenic potential and causes a variety of birth defects in fetuses .
Alpha-lipoic acid ( ALA ) is a natural antioxidant offers protection against the developmental toxicity induced by drug- or toxicant-exposure or pathological conditions .
This study was aimed at evaluating the protective effect of ALA against Ara-C induced developmental toxicity in rat fetus .
Pregnant rats divided into five groups and received normal saline , ALA200 mg/kg , Ara-C12.5 mg/kg , Ara-C25 mg/kg and , Ara-C25 mg/kg plus @ @ @ @ @ @ @ GD ) 8 to GD14 and sacrificed on GD21 .
Ara-C treatment led to a significant and dose-dependent decrease in food intake , weight gain , placental weight , and an increase in oxidative stress in pregnant rats .
Further , the in-utero exposure to Ara-C led to an increase in fetal mortality , resorptions , oxidative stress , external morphological anomalies and limb abnormalities , and impaired ossification .
Co-administration of ALA resulted in amelioration of the footprints of Ara-C induced toxicity in pregnant rats as well as the fetus .
These @ @ @ @ @ @ @ protection against developmental toxicity caused by Ara-C prenatal exposure in rats .

Cytarabine (Ara-C) is a nucleoside analogue used in the treatment of cancers and viral infections. It has teratogenic potential and causes a variety of birth defects in fetuses. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural antioxidant offers protection against the developmental toxicity induced by drug- or toxicant-exposure or pathological conditions. This study was aimed at evaluating the protective effect of ALA against Ara-C induced developmental toxicity in rat fetus. Pregnant rats divided into five groups and received normal saline, ALA200 mg/kg, Ara-C12.5 mg/kg, Ara-C25 mg/kg and, Ara-C25 mg/kg plus ALA200 mg/kg respectively from gestational day (GD) 8 to GD14 and sacrificed on GD21. Ara-C treatment led to a significant and dose-dependent decrease in food intake, weight gain, placental weight, and an increase in oxidative stress in pregnant rats. Further, the in-utero exposure to Ara-C led to an increase in fetal mortality, resorptions, oxidative stress, external morphological anomalies and limb abnormalities, and impaired ossification. Co-administration of ALA resulted in amelioration of the footprints of Ara-C induced toxicity in pregnant rats as well as the fetus. These findings indicate that the ALA supplementation offers protection against developmental toxicity caused by Ara-C prenatal exposure in rats.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-08--Alpha lipoic acid attenuates ER stress and improves glucose uptake through DNAJB3 cochaperone.

Persistent ER stress , mitochondrial dysfunction and failure of the heat shock response ( HSR ) are fundamental hallmarks of insulin resistance ( IR ) ; one of the early core metabolic aberrations that leads to type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) .
The antioxidantα-lipoic acid ( ALA ) has been shown to attenuate metabolic stress and improve insulin sensitivity in part through activation of the heat shock response ( HSR ) .
However , these studies have been focused on a subset of heat shock proteins ( HSPs ) .
In the current investigation , we assessed whether ALA @ @ @ @ @ @ @ DNAJB3/HSP40 cochaperone ; a potential therapeutic target with a novel role in mitigating metabolic stress and promoting insulin signaling .
Treatment of C2C12 cells with 0.3 mM of ALA triggers a significant increase in the expression of DNAJB3 mRNA and protein .
A similar increase in DNAJB3 mRNA was also observed in HepG2 cells .
We next investigated the significance of such activation on endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress and glucose uptake .
ALA pre-treatment significantly reduced the expression of ER stress markers namely , GRP78 , XBP1 , sXBP1 and ATF4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ assays , ALA treatment abrogated significantly the tunicamycin-mediated transcriptional activation of ATF6 while it enhanced the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and Glut4 translocation .
Silencing the expression of DNAJB3 but not HSP72 abolished the protective effect of ALA on tunicamycin-induced ER stress , suggesting thus that DNAJB3 is a key mediator of ALA-alleviated tunicamycin-induced ER stress .
Furthermore , the effect of ALA on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is significantly reduced in C2C12 and HepG2 cells transfected with DNAJB3 siRNA .
In summary , our results are supportive of an essential role of DNAJB3 as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ER stress and improves glucose uptake .

Persistent ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and failure of the heat shock response (HSR) are fundamental hallmarks of insulin resistance (IR); one of the early core metabolic aberrations that leads to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The antioxidantα-lipoic acid (ALA) has been shown to attenuate metabolic stress and improve insulin sensitivity in part through activation of the heat shock response (HSR). However, these studies have been focused on a subset of heat shock proteins (HSPs). In the current investigation, we assessed whether ALA hasan effect on modulating the expression of DNAJB3/HSP40 cochaperone; a potential therapeutic target with a novel role in mitigating metabolic stress and promoting insulin signaling. Treatment of C2C12 cells with 0.3 mM of ALA triggers a significant increase in the expression of DNAJB3 mRNA and protein. A similar increase in DNAJB3 mRNA was also observed in HepG2 cells. We next investigated the significance of such activation on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose uptake. ALA pre-treatment significantly reduced the expression of ER stress markers namely, GRP78, XBP1, sXBP1 and ATF4 in response to tunicamycin. In functional assays, ALA treatment abrogated significantly the tunicamycin-mediated transcriptional activation of ATF6 while it enhanced the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and Glut4 translocation. Silencing the expression of DNAJB3 but not HSP72 abolished the protective effect of ALA on tunicamycin-induced ER stress, suggesting thus that DNAJB3 is a key mediator of ALA-alleviated tunicamycin-induced ER stress. Furthermore, the effect of ALA on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is significantly reduced in C2C12 and HepG2 cells transfected with DNAJB3 siRNA. In summary, our results are supportive of an essential role of DNAJB3 as a molecular target through which ALA alleviates ER stress and improves glucose uptake.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-08--BREAKING:  FDA announces 2 deaths of Pfizer vaccine trial participants from "serious adverse events"

Following only a day after our report that the FDA knows about and is preparing for COVID-19 vaccine adverse outcomes which include deaths , a newly released document on the FDA website shows that 2 participants died as a result of `` serious adverse events '' from the experimental Covid vaccine .
In an FDA Briefing Document released on December 8th titled , `` Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting December 10 , 2020 , '' clinical trial results from the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine reveal two study participants died from what were classified as `` Serious Adverse Events @ @ @ @ @ @ @ document two vaccine recipients classified as `` > 55 years of age '' died : `` [ O ] ne experienced a cardiac arrest 62 days after vaccination # 2 and died 3 days later , and the other died from arteriosclerosis 3 days after vaccination # 1 . ''
As reported in the Jerusalem post : '' The FDA announced on Tuesday that two trial participants have died after receiving the Pfizer coronavirus vaccine , according to Reuters .
According to Walla , one of the deceased individuals was immunocompromised .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ meeting on Thursday of outside experts who will debate whether emergency authorization for the vaccine should be granted .
The FDA also said on Tuesday that the data they 're presented with is in line with emergency use authorization , raising hopes for Thursday .
According to Maariv , the sister publication of The Jerusalem Post , the FDA announced on Tuesday that there currently is not enough research to guarantee the vaccine 's safety for immunocompromised groups , pregnant women and children . ''
This report follows closely on the heels of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ public discussion and documents about the COVID-19 vaccines acknowledge that deaths and 21 other conditions , many of which are life-threatening , may result as adverse outcomes from these vaccines .
Read more about this developing story here : COVID-19 Vaccine Bombshell : FDA Documents Reveal DEATH + 21 Serious Conditions As Possible Adverse Outcomes 1 ) There is growing concern among the public and health professionals , alike , over the uncertain safety of COVID-19 vaccines .
Given the FDA 's clear acknowlegment that death , and other life-threatening conditions , are @ @ @ @ @ @ @ vaccine , it is absolutely necessary for vaccination with them to be voluntary and not mandatory .
Informed consent requires that you know the real risks , and make a clear and conscious choice to consent to the intervention beforehand .
Join us at Stand for Health Freedom and ACT NOW : Tell your governor and local legislators that COVID-19 vaccines must be voluntary !
2 ) There are two upcoming FDA advisory committee deadlines coming up for public comments ton the COVID-19 vaccines on Dec 10th and Dec. 17th .
These will @ @ @ @ @ @ @ comment !

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greenmedinfo--2020-12-10--Effect of low-level laser therapy with different locations of irradiation on postoperative endodonti

Effect of low-level laser therapy with different locations of irradiation on postoperative endodontic pain in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

This double-blind , placebo-controlled , clinical trial aimed to investigate the analgesic efficacy of low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) with two different locations , and their comparison , in postoperative endodontic pain ( PEP ) levels in molars diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.Seventy-five patients with a molar tooth , diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis , were divided into three groups of placebo , buccal only irradiation ( BI ) , and buccal and lingual irradiation ( BLI ) , with 25 cases being in each group .
The participants received similar single-visit nonsurgical endodontic treatments .
Then , a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ group instead of LLLT .
Individuals in BI and BLI groups received 80-second irradiation on the buccal surface and 80-second irradiation on each of the buccal and lingual surfaces respectively .
A laser with an 808 nm wavelength , power of 100 mW , and a fiber diameter of 600μm was used .
PEP was assessed using a 0-100 mm VAS 4 , 8 , 24 , and 48 hours after the treatment.BLI showed a significantly higher reduction of PEP compared to placebo in all time intervals of this study .
BLI was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ after the treatment .
However , intragroup differences between BLI and BI groups at other time intervals and between BI and placebo groups in all time intervals were not significant .
The number of taken analgesics in the BLI group was significantly lower than the placebo group and was on a statistical borderline compared to the BI group.LLLT with BLI was an effective measure as a supplement to oral analgesics in the reduction of PEP compared to the placebo .

This double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial aimed to investigate the analgesic efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with two different locations, and their comparison, in postoperative endodontic pain (PEP) levels in molars diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.Seventy-five patients with a molar tooth, diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, were divided into three groups of placebo, buccal only irradiation (BI), and buccal and lingual irradiation (BLI), with 25 cases being in each group. The participants received similar single-visit nonsurgical endodontic treatments. Then, a sham laser was used in the control group instead of LLLT. Individuals in BI and BLI groups received 80-second irradiation on the buccal surface and 80-second irradiation on each of the buccal and lingual surfaces respectively. A laser with an 808 nm wavelength, power of 100 mW, and a fiber diameter of 600μm was used. PEP was assessed using a 0-100 mm VAS 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours after the treatment.BLI showed a significantly higher reduction of PEP compared to placebo in all time intervals of this study. BLI was significantly more effective than BI 8 hours after the treatment. However, intragroup differences between BLI and BI groups at other time intervals and between BI and placebo groups in all time intervals were not significant. The number of taken analgesics in the BLI group was significantly lower than the placebo group and was on a statistical borderline compared to the BI group.LLLT with BLI was an effective measure as a supplement to oral analgesics in the reduction of PEP compared to the placebo.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-10--Music therapy seems to have beneficial effects on pain intensity and anxiety during labor.

The study of music therapy in labor is unknown .
The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy to manage pain and anxiety during labor.A search strategy was used with PubMed/MEDLINE , LILACS , Cochrane , TRIPDATABASE , and Google Scholar .
The selection criteria were based on randomized clinical trials ; quasi-experimental research on pain intensity and anxiety during labor was evaluated .
The primary outcomes were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) .
A meta-analysis of the fixed effects was performed using mean differences ( MD ) .
Twelve @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , six ( 778 women ) of which were meta-analyzed.Decreased VAS scores for pain intensity associated with music therapy were found in the latent ( MD : -0.73 ; 95 % CI -0.99 ; -0.48 ) and active ( MD : -0.68 ; 95 % CI -0.92 ; -0.44 ) phases of labor .
VAS scores for anxiety decreased both in the latent ( MD : -0.74 ; 95 % CI -1.00 ; -0.48 ) and active ( MD : -0.76 ; 95 % CI -0.88 ; -0.64 ) phases.Music therapy seems to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ anxiety during labor , especially for women giving birth for the first time .
However , the evidence is qualified as low .

The study of music therapy in labor is unknown. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy to manage pain and anxiety during labor.A search strategy was used with PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane, TRIPDATABASE, and Google Scholar. The selection criteria were based on randomized clinical trials; quasi-experimental research on pain intensity and anxiety during labor was evaluated. The primary outcomes were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). A meta-analysis of the fixed effects was performed using mean differences (MD). Twelve studies were included for the final analysis, six (778 women) of which were meta-analyzed.Decreased VAS scores for pain intensity associated with music therapy were found in the latent (MD: -0.73; 95% CI -0.99; -0.48) and active (MD: -0.68; 95% CI -0.92; -0.44) phases of labor. VAS scores for anxiety decreased both in the latent (MD: -0.74; 95% CI -1.00; -0.48) and active (MD: -0.76; 95% CI -0.88; -0.64) phases.Music therapy seems to have beneficial effects on pain intensity and anxiety during labor, especially for women giving birth for the first time. However, the evidence is qualified as low.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--The role of music therapy in traumatic brain injury.

INTRODUCTION : Music therapy has promising results in improving rehabilitation outcomes of patients with various neurological disorders ; however , its effectiveness in Traumatic Brain Injury ( TBI ) patients is not clear .
METHODS : A search that compared the effect of Music therapy as rehabilitation to controls in motor and cognitive outcomes in patients with TBI was carried out .
The outcome of interest were gait velocity , stride length and cadence to determine the motor outcome .
Memory and Executive function were the main cognitive outcome measures assessed .
Two authors independently abstracted data using a data @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were then pooled when appropriate for the meta-analysis .
RESULTS : Of 102 studies , six studies were identified for systematic review and meta-analysis after inclusion and exclusion criteria .
The effect of music therapy had a pooled mean difference in improvement in gait velocity by 12.29 cm/second ( 95 % confidence interval 2.31-22.27 ; ) , cadence by 7.19 steps/minute ( 95 % confidence interval -25.35-39.73 ; ) , and stride length by 0.19 meters ( 95 % confidence interval 0.13-0.12 ; ) .
No serious side effects were noticed , however @ @ @ @ @ @ @ decrease in memory function after music therapy .
CONCLUSIONS : Pooled results from six studies demonstrated statistically significant improvement in the stride length and executive function outcome in patients with TBI after music therapy rehabilitation .
The improvement effect on cadence and gait velocity was not statistically significant and no significant effect of music therapy was found on memory in these patients .

INTRODUCTION: Music therapy has promising results in improving rehabilitation outcomes of patients with various neurological disorders; however, its effectiveness in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients is not clear.
METHODS: A search that compared the effect of Music therapy as rehabilitation to controls in motor and cognitive outcomes in patients with TBI was carried out. The outcome of interest were gait velocity, stride length and cadence to determine the motor outcome. Memory and Executive function were the main cognitive outcome measures assessed. Two authors independently abstracted data using a data collection form. Results from the studies were then pooled when appropriate for the meta-analysis.
RESULTS: Of 102 studies, six studies were identified for systematic review and meta-analysis after inclusion and exclusion criteria. The effect of music therapy had a pooled mean difference in improvement in gait velocity by 12.29 cm/second (95% confidence interval 2.31-22.27;), cadence by 7.19 steps/minute (95% confidence interval -25.35-39.73;), and stride length by 0.19 meters (95% confidence interval 0.13-0.12;). No serious side effects were noticed, however, one of the studies reported a decrease in memory function after music therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: Pooled results from six studies demonstrated statistically significant improvement in the stride length and executive function outcome in patients with TBI after music therapy rehabilitation. The improvement effect on cadence and gait velocity was not statistically significant and no significant effect of music therapy was found on memory in these patients.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Comparison of the effectiveness of Bach flower therapy and music therapy on dental anxiety.

Background : Dental anxiety is a primary cause of missed dental appointments , delayed treatment , and untreated dental caries in children .
Alternative techniques such as music therapy ( MT ) and Bach flower therapy ( BFT ) have potential to reduce anxiety .
Lack of randomized controlled studies evaluating effectiveness of these methods in reducing dental anxiety led us to this study .
Aim : To compare the effectiveness of BFT and MT on reduction of dental anxiety in pediatric patients .
Materials and Methods : A total of 120 children ( aged 4-6 years ) were selected @ @ @ @ @ @ @ BFT , MT , and control .
All children received oral prophylaxis and fluoride treatment .
Dental anxiety was evaluated using North Carolina Behavior Rating Scale , Facial Image Scale ( FIS ) , and physiological parameters .
Results : Significantly better behavior was seen in children from the BFT group as compared to the control group ( P = 0.014 ) .
FIS scores measured postoperatively did not show significant differences among the groups .
Children from the BFT and MT groups showed a significant decrease in the pulse rates intraoperatively from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ pressure in children from the MT group was significantly lower than both the BFT and the control groups .
Diastolic blood pressure significantly increased in the control group intraoperatively , whereas other groups showed a decrease .
Conclusion : The results of this study demonstrate significant effects of both single dose of BFT and exposure to MT , on reduction of dental anxiety in children aged between 4 and 6 years .

Background: Dental anxiety is a primary cause of missed dental appointments, delayed treatment, and untreated dental caries in children. Alternative techniques such as music therapy (MT) and Bach flower therapy (BFT) have potential to reduce anxiety. Lack of randomized controlled studies evaluating effectiveness of these methods in reducing dental anxiety led us to this study.
Aim: To compare the effectiveness of BFT and MT on reduction of dental anxiety in pediatric patients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 120 children (aged 4-6 years) were selected and randomly allocated to three groups: BFT, MT, and control. All children received oral prophylaxis and fluoride treatment. Dental anxiety was evaluated using North Carolina Behavior Rating Scale, Facial Image Scale (FIS), and physiological parameters.
Results: Significantly better behavior was seen in children from the BFT group as compared to the control group (P = 0.014). FIS scores measured postoperatively did not show significant differences among the groups. Children from the BFT and MT groups showed a significant decrease in the pulse rates intraoperatively from the preoperative period. Intraoperative systolic blood pressure in children from the MT group was significantly lower than both the BFT and the control groups. Diastolic blood pressure significantly increased in the control group intraoperatively, whereas other groups showed a decrease.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate significant effects of both single dose of BFT and exposure to MT, on reduction of dental anxiety in children aged between 4 and 6 years.