greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Reduced bone resorption and inflammation in apical periodontitis evoked by dietary supplementation w

Reduced bone resorption and inflammation in apical periodontitis evoked by dietary supplementation with probiotics.

AIM : To evaluate the relationship between systemic administration of probiotics and inflammation/resorption processes associated with apical periodontitis ( AP ) in a rat model .
METHODOLOGY : Twenty-four male Wistar rats were used .
AP was induced in the mandibular left/right first molars .
The animals were arranged into three groups : Control , Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. acidophilus .
Probiotics were orally administered via gavage ( 10colony-forming units ( CFU ) diluted in 5 mL of water ) for 30 days during the development of AP .
On the 30th day , blood was collected to analyse the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in plasma .
Then , the animals were euthanized and the jaws removed for micro-computed tomography and immune-histopathological analysis for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand ( RANKL ) , osteoprotegerin ( OPG ) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ( TRAP ) .
After the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality , the Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn 's test was performed for nonparametric data , and analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test was performed for parametric data ( P RESULTS : There was no significant difference in the calcium and phosphorus levels in plasma amongst @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The level of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the groups that consumed probiotics ( P CONCLUSION : Probiotic supplementation through gavage ( L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus ) had a significant effect on the reduction of inflammation and bone resorption in apical periodontitis development in rats .

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between systemic administration of probiotics and inflammation/resorption processes associated with apical periodontitis (AP) in a rat model.
METHODOLOGY: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were used. AP was induced in the mandibular left/right first molars. The animals were arranged into three groups: Control, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. acidophilus. Probiotics were orally administered via gavage (10colony-forming units (CFU) diluted in 5 mL of water) for 30 days during the development of AP. On the 30th day, blood was collected to analyse the calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentrations in plasma. Then, the animals were euthanized and the jaws removed for micro-computed tomography and immune-histopathological analysis for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). After the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality, the Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's test was performed for nonparametric data, and analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test was performed for parametric data (P < 0.05).
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the calcium and phosphorus levels in plasma amongst the groups (P > 0.05). The level of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the groups that consumed probiotics (P < 0.05). A significantly lower volume of bone resorption was observed in groups that consumed probiotics (P < 0.05). The inflammatory infiltrates and the immunolabelling for RANKL and TRAP were significantly lower in probiotic groups when compared to the control (P < 0.05). Also, the OPG was significantly more immunolabelled in the L. acidophilus group than in the L. rhamnosus and control groups (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Probiotic supplementation through gavage (L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus) had a significant effect on the reduction of inflammation and bone resorption in apical periodontitis development in rats.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Galacto-oligosaccharides modulate the juvenile gut microbiome and innate immunity to improve broiler

Galacto-oligosaccharides modulate the juvenile gut microbiome and innate immunity to improve broiler chicken performance.

Improvements in growth performance and health are key goals in broiler chicken production .
Inclusion of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides ( GOS ) in broiler feed enhanced the growth rate and feed conversion of chickens relative to those obtained with a calorie-matched control diet .
Comparison of the cecal microbiota identified key differences in abundances ofspp .
Increased levels ofin GOS-fed juvenile birds at the expense ofwere linked to improved performance ( growth rate and market weight ) .
Investigation of the innate immune responses highlighted increases of ileal and cecal interleukin-17A ( IL-17A ) gene expression counterposed to a decrease in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ revealed a correlation between bird performance andabundance .
Shifts in the cecal populations of keyspp .
of juvenile birds primed intestinal innate immunity without harmful pathogen challenge.Improvements in the growth rate of broiler chickens can be achieved through dietary manipulation of the naturally occurring bacterial populations while mitigating the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters .
Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides ( GOS ) are manufactured as a by-product of dairy cheese production and can be incorporated into the diets of juvenile chickens to improve their health and performance .
This study investigated the key mechanisms behind @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that facilitates the enhancements in growth rate and gut health .
The study identified the relationships between the GOS diet , intestinal populations , and cytokine immune effectors to improve growth .

Improvements in growth performance and health are key goals in broiler chicken production. Inclusion of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in broiler feed enhanced the growth rate and feed conversion of chickens relative to those obtained with a calorie-matched control diet. Comparison of the cecal microbiota identified key differences in abundances ofspp. Increased levels ofin GOS-fed juvenile birds at the expense ofwere linked to improved performance (growth rate and market weight). Investigation of the innate immune responses highlighted increases of ileal and cecal interleukin-17A (IL-17A) gene expression counterposed to a decrease in IL-10. Quantification of the autochthonousspp. revealed a correlation between bird performance andabundance. Shifts in the cecal populations of keyspp. of juvenile birds primed intestinal innate immunity without harmful pathogen challenge.Improvements in the growth rate of broiler chickens can be achieved through dietary manipulation of the naturally occurring bacterial populations while mitigating the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters. Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are manufactured as a by-product of dairy cheese production and can be incorporated into the diets of juvenile chickens to improve their health and performance. This study investigated the key mechanisms behind this progression and pinpointedas a key species that facilitates the enhancements in growth rate and gut health. The study identified the relationships between the GOS diet,intestinal populations, and cytokine immune effectors to improve growth.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Bifidobacterium mongoliense genome seems particularly adapted to milk oligosaccharide digestion lead

Bifidobacterium mongoliense genome seems particularly adapted to milk oligosaccharide digestion leading to production of antivirulent metabolites

BACKGROUND : Human milk oligosaccharides ( HMO ) could promote the growth of bifidobacteria , improving young children 's health .
In addition , fermentation of carbohydrates by bifidobacteria can result in the production of metabolites presenting an antivirulent activity against intestinal pathogens .
Bovine milk oligosaccharides ( BMO ) , structurally similar to HMO , are found at high concentration in cow whey .
This is particularly observed for 3'-sialyllactose ( 3'SL ) .
This study focused on enzymes and transport systems involved in HMO/BMO metabolism contained in B. crudilactis and B. mongoliense genomes , two species from bovine @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mongoliense to grow in media supplemented with whey or 3'SL was assessed .
Next , the effects of cell-free spent media ( CFSM ) were tested against the virulence expression of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium .
RESULTS : Due to the presence of genes encodingβ-galactosidases , β-hexosaminidases , α-sialidases and α-fucosidases , B. mongoliense presents a genome more sophisticated and more adapted to the digestion of BMO/HMO than B. crudilactis ( which contains only β-galactosidases ) .
In addition , HMO/BMO digestion involves genes encoding oligosaccharide transport @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in B. crudilactis .
B. mongoliense seemed able to grow on media supplemented with whey or 3'SL as main source of carbon ( 8.3 ± 1.0 and 6.7 ± 0.3 log cfu/mL , respectively ) .
CFSM obtained from whey resulted in a significant under-expressionof ler , fliC , luxS , stx1 and qseA genes ( - 2.2 , - 5.3 , - 2.4 , - 2.5 and - 4.8 , respectively ; P CONCLUSION : From enzymes and transporters highlighted in the genome of B. mongoliense and its potential ability to metabolise @ @ @ @ @ @ @ well able to digest HMO/BMO .
The exact nature of the metabolites contained in CFSM has to be identified still .
These results suggest that BMO associated with B. mongoliense could be an interesting synbiotic formulation to maintain or restore intestinal health of young children .

BACKGROUND: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) could promote the growth of bifidobacteria, improving young children's health. In addition, fermentation of carbohydrates by bifidobacteria can result in the production of metabolites presenting an antivirulent activity against intestinal pathogens. Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO), structurally similar to HMO, are found at high concentration in cow whey. This is particularly observed for 3'-sialyllactose (3'SL). This study focused on enzymes and transport systems involved in HMO/BMO metabolism contained in B. crudilactis and B. mongoliense genomes, two species from bovine milk origin. The ability of B. mongoliense to grow in media supplemented with whey or 3'SL was assessed. Next, the effects of cell-free spent media (CFSM) were tested against the virulence expression of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
RESULTS: Due to the presence of genes encodingβ-galactosidases, β-hexosaminidases, α-sialidases and α-fucosidases, B. mongoliense presents a genome more sophisticated and more adapted to the digestion of BMO/HMO than B. crudilactis (which contains only β-galactosidases). In addition, HMO/BMO digestion involves genes encoding oligosaccharide transport systems found in B. mongoliense but not in B. crudilactis. B. mongoliense seemed able to grow on media supplemented with whey or 3'SL as main source of carbon (8.3 ± 1.0 and 6.7 ± 0.3 log cfu/mL, respectively). CFSM obtained from whey resulted in a significant under-expressionof ler, fliC, luxS, stx1 and qseA genes (- 2.2, - 5.3, - 2.4, - 2.5 and - 4.8, respectively; P < 0.05) of E. coli O157:H7. CFSM from 3'SL resulted in a significant up-regulation of luxS (2.0; P < 0.05) gene and a down-regulation of fliC (- 5.0; P < 0.05) gene. CFSM obtained from whey resulted in significant up-regulations of sopD and hil genes (2.9 and 3.5, respectively; P < 0.05) of S. Typhimurium, while CFSM obtained from 3'SL fermentation down-regulated hil and sopD genes (- 2.7 and - 4.2, respectively; P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: From enzymes and transporters highlighted in the genome of B. mongoliense and its potential ability to metabolise 3'SL and whey, B. mongoliense seems well able to digest HMO/BMO. The exact nature of the metabolites contained in CFSM has to be identified still. These results suggest that BMO associated with B. mongoliense could be an interesting synbiotic formulation to maintain or restore intestinal health of young children.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Photoprotective effect of dietary galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) in hairless mice via regulation of t

Photoprotective effect of dietary galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) in hairless mice via regulation of the MAPK signalling pathway.

This study investigated the suppression of photoaging by galacto-oligosaccharide ( GOS ) ingestion following exposure to ultraviolet ( UV ) radiation .
To investigate its photoprotective effects , GOS along with collagen tripeptide ( CTP ) as a positive control was orally administered to hairless mice under UVB exposure for 8 weeks .
The water holding capacity , transepidermal water loss ( TEWL ) , and wrinkle parameters were measured .
Additionally , quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to determine mRNA expression and protein levels , respectively .
The GOS or CTP orally-administered group showed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ TEWL compared to those of the control group , which was exposed to UVB ( CON ) only .
In addition , the wrinkle area and mean wrinkle length in the GOS and CTP groups significantly decreased .
Skin aging-related genes , matrix metalloproteinase , had significantly different expression levels in the CTP and GOS groups .
Additionally , the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and collagen type I gene expression in the CTP and GOS groups significantly increased .
Oral administration of GOS and CTP significantly lowered the tissue cytokine ( interleukin-6 and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ levels .
There was a significant difference in UVB-induced phosphorylation of JNK , p38 , and ERK between the GOS group and the CON group .
Our findings indicate that GOS intake can suppress skin damage caused by UV light and has a UV photoprotective effect .

This study investigated the suppression of photoaging by galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) ingestion following exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To investigate its photoprotective effects, GOS along with collagen tripeptide (CTP) as a positive control was orally administered to hairless mice under UVB exposure for 8 weeks. The water holding capacity, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and wrinkle parameters were measured. Additionally, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to determine mRNA expression and protein levels, respectively. The GOS or CTP orally-administered group showed a decreased water holding capacity and increased TEWL compared to those of the control group, which was exposed to UVB (CON) only. In addition, the wrinkle area and mean wrinkle length in the GOS and CTP groups significantly decreased. Skin aging-related genes, matrix metalloproteinase, had significantly different expression levels in the CTP and GOS groups. Additionally, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and collagen type I gene expression in the CTP and GOS groups significantly increased. Oral administration of GOS and CTP significantly lowered the tissue cytokine (interleukin-6 and -12, and tumor necrosis factor-α) levels. There was a significant difference in UVB-induced phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and ERK between the GOS group and the CON group. Our findings indicate that GOS intake can suppress skin damage caused by UV light and has a UV photoprotective effect.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Galacto-oligosaccharide RP-G28 improves multiple clinical outcomes in lactose-intolerant patients.

Lactose intolerance ( LI ) is a global problem affecting more than half of the world 's population .
An ultra-purified , high-concentration galacto-oligosaccharide , RP-G28 , is being developed as a treatment for patients with LI .
The efficacy and safety of RP-G28 in reducing symptoms of lactose intolerance were assessed in a blinded , randomized , placebo-controlled trial.In this multiclinical site , double-blinded , placebo-controlled trial , 377 patients with LI were randomized to one of two doses of orally administered RP-G28 or placebo for 30 days .
A LI test and symptom assessment were performed at baseline @ @ @ @ @ @ @ endpoint was a≥4-point reduction or a score of zero on LI composite score on day 31 .
Voluntary milk and dairy intake and global outcome measures assessed patients ' overall treatment satisfaction and quality of life before therapy and 30 days after therapy .
This study received Institutional Review Board ( IRB ) approval.For the primary endpoint , 40 % in the RP-G28 groups reported a≥4-point reduction or no symptoms on LI symptom composite score compared to 26 % with placebo ( P = 0.016 ) .
Treatment with RP-G28 also led to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ intake and significant improvements in global assessments compared to placebo .
RP-G28 but not placebo led to significant increases in fivetaxa.RP-G28 for 30 days significantly reduced symptoms and altered the fecal microbiome in patients with LI .
Treatment with RP-G28 also improved milk/dairy consumption and quality of life and was safe and well tolerated .

Lactose intolerance (LI) is a global problem affecting more than half of the world's population. An ultra-purified, high-concentration galacto-oligosaccharide, RP-G28, is being developed as a treatment for patients with LI. The efficacy and safety of RP-G28 in reducing symptoms of lactose intolerance were assessed in a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.In this multiclinical site, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 377 patients with LI were randomized to one of two doses of orally administered RP-G28 or placebo for 30 days. A LI test and symptom assessment were performed at baseline and on day 31. The primary endpoint was a≥4-point reduction or a score of zero on LI composite score on day 31. Voluntary milk and dairy intake and global outcome measures assessed patients' overall treatment satisfaction and quality of life before therapy and 30 days after therapy. This study received Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval.For the primary endpoint, 40% in the RP-G28 groups reported a≥4-point reduction or no symptoms on LI symptom composite score compared to 26% with placebo (P = 0.016). Treatment with RP-G28 also led to significantly higher levels of milk and dairy intake and significant improvements in global assessments compared to placebo. RP-G28 but not placebo led to significant increases in fivetaxa.RP-G28 for 30 days significantly reduced symptoms and altered the fecal microbiome in patients with LI. Treatment with RP-G28 also improved milk/dairy consumption and quality of life and was safe and well tolerated.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Galacto-oligosaccharides supplementation to Western-type diet improved body weight gain, dyslipidemi

Galacto-oligosaccharides supplementation to Western-type diet improved body weight gain, dyslipidemia and insulin sensitivity.

SCOPE : The gut microbiota might be a critical modifier of metabolic disease development .
Dietary fibers such as galacto-oligosaccharides ( GOS ) presumably stimulate the growth of bacteria beneficial for metabolic health .
This study aimed to assess the impact of GOS on obesity , glucose and lipid metabolism .
METHODS & RESULTS : Following Western-type diet feeding ( C57BL/6 mice ) with or withoutβ-GOS ( 7 % w/w , 15 weeks ) , body composition , glucose and insulin tolerance tests , lipid profiles , fat kinetics studies and microbiota analyses were performed .
GOS reduced body weight @ @ @ @ @ @ @ accumulation of epididymal ( p < 0.05 ) and perirenal ( p < 0.01 ) fat , and development of insulin resistance ( p < 0.01 ) .
GOS-fed mice had lower plasma cholesterol ( p < 0.05 ) , mainly within low-density lipoproteins , lower intestinal fat absorption ( p < 0.01 ) , more fecal neutral sterol excretion ( p < 0.05 ) .
and higher intestinal GLP-1 expression ( p < 0.01 ) .
Fecal bile acid excretion was lower ( p < 0.01 ) in GOS-fed mice with substantial @ @ @ @ @ @ @ p < 0.05 ) , α-muricholic ( p < 0.05 ) , and deoxycholic acid excretion ( p < 0.01 ) , whereas hyodeoxycholic acid increased ( p < 0.01 ) .
Substantial changes in microbiota composition , conceivably beneficial for metabolic health occured upon GOS feeding .
CONCLUSION : GOS supplementation to Western-type diet improved body weight gain , dyslipidemia and insulin sensitivity supporting a therapeutic potential of GOS for individuals at risk of developing metabolic syndrome .
This article is protected by copyright .
All rights reserved .

SCOPE: The gut microbiota might be a critical modifier of metabolic disease development. Dietary fibers such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) presumably stimulate the growth of bacteria beneficial for metabolic health. This study aimed to assess the impact of GOS on obesity, glucose and lipid metabolism.
METHODS & RESULTS: Following Western-type diet feeding (C57BL/6 mice) with or withoutβ-GOS (7% w/w, 15 weeks), body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, lipid profiles, fat kinetics studies and microbiota analyses were performed. GOS reduced body weight gain (p<0.01), accumulation of epididymal (p<0.05) and perirenal (p<0.01) fat, and development of insulin resistance (p<0.01). GOS-fed mice had lower plasma cholesterol (p<0.05), mainly within low-density lipoproteins, lower intestinal fat absorption (p<0.01), more fecal neutral sterol excretion (p<0.05). and higher intestinal GLP-1 expression (p<0.01). Fecal bile acid excretion was lower (p<0.01) in GOS-fed mice with substantial compositional differences, namely decreased cholic (p<0.05),α-muricholic (p<0.05), and deoxycholic acid excretion (p<0.01), whereas hyodeoxycholic acid increased (p<0.01). Substantial changes in microbiota composition, conceivably beneficial for metabolic health occured upon GOS feeding.
CONCLUSION: GOS supplementation to Western-type diet improved body weight gain, dyslipidemia and insulin sensitivity supporting a therapeutic potential of GOS for individuals at risk of developing metabolic syndrome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides attenuated obesity.

Gut microbiota plays an important role in the high-fat diet ( HFD ) -induced obesity and related metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) .
Our previous study has demonstrated that unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides ( UAOS ) degraded by alginate lyase possess significant anti-obesity effects in HFD-fed mice .
Herein , we further established that UAOS could significantly ameliorate obesity-related metabolic abnormalities , including hyperlipidemia , insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation .
Particularly , the beneficial effect of UAOS on these metabolic abnormalities could be significantly reversed by antibiotic supplementation .
Subsequently , the microbiological analysis has revealed that UAOS treatment can @ @ @ @ @ @ @ microbiota , which is highly associated with metabolic parameters .
UAOS supplementation can partially reverse the gut dysbiosis induced by HFD-diet or antibiotics .
Specifically , UAOS treatment selectively increased the relative abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria ( e.g .
Lactobacillus and Akkermansia genus ) and decreased the abundance of inflammogenic bacteria ( e.g .
Bacteroides and Parabacteroides ) .
These results suggest that UAOS can attenuate the HFD-induced obesity and related abnormalities through modulating gut microbiota , indicating that UAOS can act as potent prebiotic agents in treating obesity and related metabolic @ @

Gut microbiota plays an important role in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and related metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our previous study has demonstrated that unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides (UAOS) degraded by alginate lyase possess significant anti-obesity effects in HFD-fed mice. Herein, we further established that UAOS could significantly ameliorate obesity-related metabolic abnormalities, including hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Particularly, the beneficial effect of UAOS on these metabolic abnormalities could be significantly reversed by antibiotic supplementation. Subsequently, the microbiological analysis has revealed that UAOS treatment can modulate the overall composition of the gut microbiota, which is highly associated with metabolic parameters. UAOS supplementation can partially reverse the gut dysbiosis induced by HFD-diet or antibiotics. Specifically, UAOS treatment selectively increased the relative abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria (e.g. Lactobacillus and Akkermansia genus) and decreased the abundance of inflammogenic bacteria (e.g. Bacteroides and Parabacteroides). These results suggest that UAOS can attenuate the HFD-induced obesity and related abnormalities through modulating gut microbiota, indicating that UAOS can act as potent prebiotic agents in treating obesity and related metabolic diseases.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--A review of the rundown of dietary supplements and their effects on inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel diseases , including Crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis , are a life-long , chronic , and relapsing problem affecting 11.2 million people worldwide .
To date , there is pharmacological therapy to treat symptoms such as diarrhea , constipation , and abdominal cramping/pain .
These medications also help to alleviate everyday discomfort ; however , there are no curative therapies .
Recent studies have investigated the combination of pharmacological treatment along with nutritional interventions to improve quality of life and risk of disease relapse .
Dietary supplements , specifically probiotics , polyphenols , fibers , fatty acids @ @ @ @ @ @ @ monosaccharide , and polyol diets ( FODMAP diets ) , have been closely looked at to determine their effect , if any , on the development of inflammatory bowel disease and its course of progression .
Approximately 30 studies were carefully reviewed and analyzed to appreciate the value of these above-mentioned supplements and their influence on this gastrointestinal disease .
After analysis , it has been demonstrated that by implementing fibers , polyphenols , and fatty acids , as well as keeping a low-saccharide diet for those patients with Crohn 's disease and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and invoke clinical remission .
Some polyphenols , specifically curcumin and resveratrol , have proved to decrease disease activity in studies reviewed .
Although these studies have become a topic of recent interest , it would be of great value to doctors and patients alike , to continue in this direction of research and to improve the findings for best treatment substances and dosages .
This would lead to increased quality of life and disease control leading to fewer complications in the future .

Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are a life-long, chronic, and relapsing problem affecting 11.2 million people worldwide. To date, there is pharmacological therapy to treat symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal cramping/pain. These medications also help to alleviate everyday discomfort; however, there are no curative therapies. Recent studies have investigated the combination of pharmacological treatment along with nutritional interventions to improve quality of life and risk of disease relapse. Dietary supplements, specifically probiotics, polyphenols, fibers, fatty acids and low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol diets (FODMAP diets), have been closely looked at to determine their effect, if any, on the development of inflammatory bowel disease and its course of progression. Approximately 30 studies were carefully reviewed and analyzed to appreciate the value of these above-mentioned supplements and their influence on this gastrointestinal disease. After analysis, it has been demonstrated that by implementing fibers, polyphenols, and fatty acids, as well as keeping a low-saccharide diet for those patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can improve quality of life and invoke clinical remission. Some polyphenols, specifically curcumin and resveratrol, have proved to decrease disease activity in studies reviewed. Although these studies have become a topic of recent interest, it would be of great value to doctors and patients alike, to continue in this direction of research and to improve the findings for best treatment substances and dosages. This would lead to increased quality of life and disease control leading to fewer complications in the future.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--[BREAKING VIDEO REPORT] $660 Million Spent on 30+ Field Hospitals, Most Had ZERO Patients

Sayer Ji reports on a new NPR investigation which reveals that despite $ 660 million in federal spending to set up 30+ field hospitals for the anticipated catastrophic case load from COVID-19 , most of the emergency field hospitals had ZERO patients .
The implications of this NPR report are profound , revealing that the dominant mainstream narrative about COVID-19 's catastrophic burden on the US healthcare system never materialized .
As reported on May 7th , 2020 , '' As hospitals were overrun by coronavirus patients in other parts of the world , the Army Corps of Engineers mobilized @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to build emergency field hospitals around the country .
The endeavor cost more than $ 660 million , according to an NPR analysis of federal spending records .
But nearly four months into the pandemic , most of these facilities have n't treated a single patient . ''
The statistics reveal a striking contrast between the official narrative of hospitals overrun with patients and bodies piling up and the reality of how overblown the crisis was from the beginning .
Learn more about the true agenda behind the COVID-19 crisis at www.QuestioningCovid.com .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Deaths NOT Accurate -- No Virus Testing , Only `` Suspected '' Cause Required [ Video ] • The US Gov .
Health Statistics Agency Directs Hospitals to Confirm Suspected COVID-19 Deaths As Confirmed • The WHO Announces `` Suspected '' Cases of COVID-19 Should Be Written As COVID-19 Deaths ( No Virus Test Required ) • Stanford Team Finds Evidence COVID-19 Mortality Rate Is As Low as .2 % ( 17 Times Lower Than WHO 's Estimate ) Take action and join a growing movement of health freedom advocates : https : @

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Sayer Ji reports on a new NPR investigation which reveals that despite $660 million in federal spending to set up 30+ field hospitals for the anticipated catastrophic case load from COVID-19, most of the emergency field hospitals had ZERO patients.
The implications of this NPR report are profound, revealing that the dominant mainstream narrative about COVID-19's catastrophic burden on the US healthcare system never materialized. As reported on May 7th, 2020,
"As hospitals were overrun by coronavirus patients in other parts of the world, the Army Corps of Engineers mobilized in the U.S., hiring private contractors to build emergency field hospitals around the country. The endeavor cost more than $660 million, according to an NPR analysis of federal spending records. But nearly four months into the pandemic, most of these facilities haven't treated a single patient."
The statistics reveal a striking contrast between the official narrative of hospitals overrun with patients and bodies piling up and the reality of how overblown the crisis was from the beginning.
Learn more about the true agenda behind the COVID-19 crisis at www.QuestioningCovid.com.
Additional references:
Follow Sayer Ji and Greenmedinfo at:
https://www.instagram.com/sayergmi/
https://www.instagram.com/greenmedinfo/
Take action and join a growing movement of health freedom advocates: https://www.standforhealthfreedom.com


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Oligosaccharide-dependent anti-inflammatory role of galectin-1 for macrophages in ulcerative colitis

Oligosaccharide-dependent anti-inflammatory role of galectin-1 for macrophages in ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND : Galectin-1 plays a protective role against colitis by binding with polylactosamine structures on macrophages inβ-1,4-galactosyltransferase I-deficient mice , but the precise function of galectin-1 remains unknown .
In the present study , we investigated the anti-inflammatory role of galectin-1 on macrophages to ameliorate ulcerative colitis in both animal model and human tissue samples .
METHODS : The expression of galectin-1 in colonic tissues of ulcerative colitis patients was evaluated by immunohistochemistry .
Cytokine production of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages ( BMDMs ) cultured with galectin-1 was investigated .
Galectin-1 binding capacity and polylactosamine expression in macrophages stimulated with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ BMDMs cultured with galectin-1 were transferred into Recombination activating gene ( Rag ) 2mice and the severity of the dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model was investigated .
Furthermore , RNA sequencing was performed to characterize macrophages treated with galectin-1 .
RESULTS : In ulcerative colitis patients , tissue expression of galectin-1was decreased in inflamed mucosa compared with non-inflamed mucosa .
Galectin-1 induced interleukin ( IL ) -10 production in BMDMs , and the IL-10 production was abrogated by lactose , which inhibits the interaction of oligosaccharide-galectin binding .
Dextran sodium sulfate colitis was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ transfer compared with those undergoing vehicle-treated BMDM transfer .
RNA sequencing revealed that treatment with galectin-1 increased the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteinβ and CD163 , but decreased the expression of CD80 on BMDMs .
CONCLUSION : Galectin-1 , whose expression is decreased in the inflamed mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients , can ameliorate murine colitis by conferring oligosaccharide-dependent anti-inflammatory properties to macrophages .

BACKGROUND: Galectin-1 plays a protective role against colitis by binding with polylactosamine structures on macrophages inβ-1,4-galactosyltransferase I-deficient mice, but the precise function of galectin-1 remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory role of galectin-1 on macrophages to ameliorate ulcerative colitis in both animal model and human tissue samples.
METHODS: The expression of galectin-1 in colonic tissues of ulcerative colitis patients was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Cytokine production of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) cultured with galectin-1 was investigated. Galectin-1 binding capacity and polylactosamine expression in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharides were evaluated by flow cytometry. BMDMs cultured with galectin-1 were transferred into Recombination activating gene (Rag) 2mice and the severity of the dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model was investigated. Furthermore, RNA sequencing was performed to characterize macrophages treated with galectin-1.
RESULTS: In ulcerative colitis patients, tissue expression of galectin-1was decreased in inflamed mucosa compared with non-inflamed mucosa. Galectin-1 induced interleukin (IL)-10 production in BMDMs, and the IL-10 production was abrogated by lactose, which inhibits the interaction of oligosaccharide-galectin binding. Dextran sodium sulfate colitis was significantly ameliorated in Rag2mice undergoing galectin-1-treated BMDM transfer compared with those undergoing vehicle-treated BMDM transfer. RNA sequencing revealed that treatment with galectin-1 increased the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteinβ and CD163, but decreased the expression of CD80 on BMDMs.
CONCLUSION: Galectin-1, whose expression is decreased in the inflamed mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients, can ameliorate murine colitis by conferring oligosaccharide-dependent anti-inflammatory properties to macrophages.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Bifidobacterium infantis relieves allergic asthma in mice by regulating Th1/Th2.

BACKGROUND Bifidobacteria are among the probiotics used in treating intestinal diseases and are rarely used for allergic asthma treatment .
The present study investigated the mechanism of B. infantis in treating allergic asthma in mice .
MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 40 male Balb/c mice were randomized into control , ovalbumin ( OVA ) , montelukast ( Mon ) , and B. infantis ( B10 ) groups , and allergic asthma was induced in the OVA , Mon , and B10 groups .
Airway reactivity was measured on day 29 by methacholine at various doses .
The numbers of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ lavage fluid ( BALF ) were counted by blood cell counter and Diff-Quik staining .
Hematoxylin-eosin ( HE ) staining was performed to observe inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues .
Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in serum were measured by ELISA .
Mucin 5AC expression was detected by Western blot to evaluate airway obstruction .
The levels of Th1 ( IFN-γ , IL-2 ) and Th2 ( IL-4 , IL-5 , IL-13 ) cytokines in BALF and tissues were detected by ELISA and qRT-PCR , respectively .
RESULTS The mice in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the symptoms in the B10 group and Mon group were effectively relieved .
B10 reduced the number of inflammatory cells in BALF as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in tissues .
Moreover , the levels of total serum IgE , OVA-specific IgE , and Mucin 5AC were increased in the OVA group , but were reduced in the Mon group and B10 group .
B. infantis increased the levels of Th1 cytokines and decreased those of Th2 cytokines .
CONCLUSIONS B. infantis can reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells induced by OVA-specific antibodies @ @ @ @ @ @ @ effects on allergic asthma by promoting Th1 and inhibiting Th2 immune responses .

BACKGROUND Bifidobacteria are among the probiotics used in treating intestinal diseases and are rarely used for allergic asthma treatment. The present study investigated the mechanism of B. infantis in treating allergic asthma in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 40 male Balb/c mice were randomized into control, ovalbumin (OVA), montelukast (Mon), and B. infantis (B10) groups, and allergic asthma was induced in the OVA, Mon, and B10 groups. Airway reactivity was measured on day 29 by methacholine at various doses. The numbers of total cells and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted by blood cell counter and Diff-Quik staining. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues. Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in serum were measured by ELISA. Mucin 5AC expression was detected by Western blot to evaluate airway obstruction. The levels of Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) cytokines in BALF and tissues were detected by ELISA and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS The mice in the OVA group had airway hyperreactivity, while the symptoms in the B10 group and Mon group were effectively relieved. B10 reduced the number of inflammatory cells in BALF as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in tissues. Moreover, the levels of total serum IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and Mucin 5AC were increased in the OVA group, but were reduced in the Mon group and B10 group. B. infantis increased the levels of Th1 cytokines and decreased those of Th2 cytokines. CONCLUSIONS B. infantis can reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells induced by OVA-specific antibodies in mice. B. infantis has therapeutic effects on allergic asthma by promoting Th1 and inhibiting Th2 immune responses.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Exercise training combined with Bifidobacterium longum OLP-01 supplementation improves exercise phys

Exercise training combined with Bifidobacterium longum OLP-01 supplementation improves exercise physiological adaption and performance.

Probiotics exert multiple health benefits , including gastrointestinal health , immunoregulation , and metabolic disease improvement , by modulating microbiota to maintain eubiosis via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ( HPA ) and brain-gut-microbiome axes .
Physiological fatigue , mental stress , and gastrointestinal discomfort under the demands of athletic performance as well as immunosuppression are common during endurance training and competition .
Limited studies investigated the functional effects of probiotic supplementation on endurance training.subsp.OLP-01 ( OLP-01 ) , isolated from an elite Olympic athlete , was combined with a six-week exercise training program with gradually increasing intensity .
In this study , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mice were assigned to sedentary , exercise , OLP-01 , or exercise + OLP-01 groups and administered probiotic and/or treadmill exercise training for six weeks to assess exercise performance , physiological adaption , and related metabolites .
The exercise + OLP-01 group demonstrated higher performance in terms of endurance and grip strength , as well as improved fatigue-associated indexes ( lactate , ammonia , creatine kinase ( CK ) , lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) , and glycogen content ) , compared with the other groups .
OLP-01 supplementation significantly ameliorated inflammation and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) , aminotransferase ( AST ) , and CK ) caused by prolonged endurance exercise test .
Moreover , acetate , propionate , and butyrate levels were significantly higher in the exercise + OLP-01 group than in the sedentary and OLP-01 groups .
Athletes often experience psychological and physiological stress caused by programed intensive exercise , competition , and off-site training , often leading to poor exercise performance and gastrointestinal issues .
Functional OLP-01 probiotics are considered to be a nutritional strategy for improving physiological adaption , oxidative stress , inflammation , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Based on these results , probiotics combined with exercise training is a potential strategy for ensuring high physical performance of athletes , which should be further investigated through microbiota validation .

Probiotics exert multiple health benefits, including gastrointestinal health, immunoregulation, and metabolic disease improvement, by modulating microbiota to maintain eubiosis via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and brain-gut-microbiome axes. Physiological fatigue, mental stress, and gastrointestinal discomfort under the demands of athletic performance as well as immunosuppression are common during endurance training and competition. Limited studies investigated the functional effects of probiotic supplementation on endurance training.subsp.OLP-01 (OLP-01), isolated from an elite Olympic athlete, was combined with a six-week exercise training program with gradually increasing intensity. In this study, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were assigned to sedentary, exercise, OLP-01, or exercise + OLP-01 groups and administered probiotic and/or treadmill exercise training for six weeks to assess exercise performance, physiological adaption, and related metabolites. The exercise + OLP-01 group demonstrated higher performance in terms of endurance and grip strength, as well as improved fatigue-associated indexes (lactate, ammonia, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glycogen content), compared with the other groups. OLP-01 supplementation significantly ameliorated inflammation and injury indexes (platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), aminotransferase (AST), and CK) caused by prolonged endurance exercise test. Moreover, acetate, propionate, and butyrate levels were significantly higher in the exercise + OLP-01 group than in the sedentary and OLP-01 groups. Athletes often experience psychological and physiological stress caused by programed intensive exercise, competition, and off-site training, often leading to poor exercise performance and gastrointestinal issues. Functional OLP-01 probiotics are considered to be a nutritional strategy for improving physiological adaption, oxidative stress, inflammation, and energy balance to ensure high physical performance. Based on these results, probiotics combined with exercise training is a potential strategy for ensuring high physical performance of athletes, which should be further investigated through microbiota validation.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Multi-Strain Probiotic (UB0316) is effective in reducing BMI, body weight and WHR in overweight/obes

Multi-Strain Probiotic (UB0316) is effective in reducing BMI, body weight and WHR in overweight/obese adults.

This clinical trial was carried out to assess the effects of multi-strain probiotic capsule ( UB0316 : UBLS-22 , UBLC-42 , , UBLP-40 , UBLA-34 , UBBr-01 , Unique IS2 5×10cfu each and fructo-oligosaccharide , 100 mg ) on overweight/obesity-related parameters .
Ninety subjects ( age , 30-65 years ; body mass index ( BMI ) , 25-32 kg/m ) were randomised into two groups , i.e .
UB0316 ( probiotic ) and placebo ( excipient maltodextrin ) .
They were instructed to take 2 capsules ( UB0316 or placebo ) per day after meals for 12 weeks .
Primary @ @ @ @ @ @ @ waist-to-hip ratio : WHR ; body weight , body fat ; sugar and lipid profile ) endpoint measures were evaluated at scheduled visits .
Vital signs , physical investigations , quality of life , physician/subjects global assessment and adverse events were also recorded .
A total of 71 subjects completed the scheduled study visits and analysis thereof showed that a 12-week UB0316 supplementation significantly reduced BMI ( 95 % CI : -0.64 , -0.27 ; =0.0001 ) , body weight ( 95 % CI : -1.16 , -0.50 ; < 0.0001 ) , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ -0.06 , -0.01 ; =0.007 ) from the baseline , compared to placebo .
Fat , blood lipid and sugar profile changes were non-significant .
UB0316 significantly improved quality of life of overweight/obese individuals .
Furthermore , no severe adverse events or abnormal findings were noted during vital , blood and physical examinations .
In conclusion , this 12-week trial demonstrates that UB0316 is effective in reducing BMI , body weight and WHR in overweight/obese adults .

This clinical trial was carried out to assess the effects of multi-strain probiotic capsule (UB0316:UBLS-22,UBLC-42,, UBLP-40,UBLA-34,UBBr-01,Unique IS2 5×10cfu each and fructo-oligosaccharide, 100 mg) on overweight/obesity-related parameters. Ninety subjects (age, 30-65 years; body mass index (BMI), 25-32 kg/m) were randomised into two groups, i.e. UB0316 (probiotic) and placebo (excipient maltodextrin). They were instructed to take 2 capsules (UB0316 or placebo) per day after meals for 12 weeks. Primary (BMI), and secondary (waist-to-hip ratio: WHR; body weight, body fat; sugar and lipid profile) endpoint measures were evaluated at scheduled visits. Vital signs, physical investigations, quality of life, physician/subjects global assessment and adverse events were also recorded. A total of 71 subjects completed the scheduled study visits and analysis thereof showed that a 12-week UB0316 supplementation significantly reduced BMI (95% CI: -0.64, -0.27;=0.0001), body weight (95% CI: -1.16, -0.50;<0.0001), and WHR (95% CI: -0.06, -0.01;=0.007) from the baseline, compared to placebo. Fat, blood lipid and sugar profile changes were non-significant. UB0316 significantly improved quality of life of overweight/obese individuals. Furthermore, no severe adverse events or abnormal findings were noted during vital, blood and physical examinations. In conclusion, this 12-week trial demonstrates that UB0316 is effective in reducing BMI, body weight and WHR in overweight/obese adults.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--The impacts of synbiotic supplementation on periodontal indices and biomarkers of oxidative stress i

The impacts of synbiotic supplementation on periodontal indices and biomarkers of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic periodontitis.

Aim : The aim of the current study was to investigate that combination of the synbiotic supplementation in adjunct with non-surgical periodontal therapy ( NSPT ) is useful in treating periodontitis and biomarkers of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) patients .
Methods : In this study , 47 patients suffering from DM and CP were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups .
The intervention ( n= 23 ) and control ( n=24 ) groups received either multispecies probiotic supplement plus 100 mg fructo-oligosaccharide ( 500 mg in each capsule ) or placebo capsule containing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ every day for 8 weeks .
All subjects were treated with NSPT during the intervention period .
Serum levels of interleukin-1β ( IL-1β ) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , catalase ( CAT ) , glutathione peroxidase ( GPx ) and periodontal indices including clinical attachment loss ( CAL ) , pocket depth ( PD ) ( main outcome ) , BOP , and plaque index were measured before and after theintervention .
Results : Supplementation with the synbiotic with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the levels of IL-1β , MDA , plaque index , PD , and CAL in the intervention group post-intervention ( p < 0.05 ) .
The serum levels of TAC , SOD , and GPx were significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the baseline ( p < 0.05 ) .
Consumption of synbiotic with NSPT , compared to the control , resulted in a significant decrease in the mean changes of IL-1β , MDA , and CAL ( p < 0.05 ) .
Also , the mean changes of TAC and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ group compared with the control group ( p < 0.05 ) .
Also , in the intervention group was seen a significant reduction in plaque index ( p = 0.035 ) and BOP ( p = 0.04 ) compared with the control group .
Conclusion : It was observed that synbiotic supplementation with NSPT may be beneficial in improving inflammatory , antioxidant , and periodontal status in T2DM patients with CP .

Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate that combination of the synbiotic supplementation in adjunct with non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) is useful in treating periodontitis and biomarkers of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Methods: In this study, 47 patients suffering from DM and CP were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention (n= 23) and control (n=24) groups received either multispecies probiotic supplement plus 100 mg fructo-oligosaccharide (500 mg in each capsule) or placebo capsule containing 500 mg wheat flour, respectively, every day for 8 weeks. All subjects were treated with NSPT during the intervention period. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and periodontal indices including clinical attachment loss (CAL), pocket depth (PD) (main outcome), BOP, and plaque index were measured before and after theintervention.
Results: Supplementation with the synbiotic with NSPT led to a significant decrease in the levels of IL-1β, MDA, plaque index, PD, and CAL in the intervention group post-intervention (p<0.05). The serum levels of TAC, SOD, and GPx were significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the baseline (p<0.05). Consumption of synbiotic with NSPT, compared to the control, resulted in a significant decrease in the mean changes of IL-1β, MDA, and CAL (p<0.05). Also, the mean changes of TAC and GPx were significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the control group (p<0.05). Also, in the intervention group was seen a significant reduction in plaque index (p = 0.035) and BOP (p = 0.04) compared with the control group.
Conclusion: It was observed that synbiotic supplementation with NSPT may be beneficial in improving inflammatory, antioxidant, and periodontal status in T2DM patients with CP.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharide intervention modulate the microbiota-gut brain axis to improve

Probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharide intervention modulate the microbiota-gut brain axis to improve autism spectrum.

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders ( ASD ) is increasing , but its etiology remains elusive and hence an effective treatment is not available .
Previous research conducted on animal models suggests that microbiota-gut-brain axis may contribute to ASD pathology and more human research is needed .
This study was divided into two stages , .At the discovery stage , we compared the differences in gut microbiota profiles ( using 16S rRNA sequencing ) , fecal SCFAs ( using GC-MS ) and plasma neurotransmitters ( using UHPLC-MS/MS ) of 26 children with ASD and 24 normal children .
All @ @ @ @ @ @ @ intervention stage , and we measured the gut microbiota profiles , SCFAs and neurotransmitters before and after probiotics + FOS ( n = 16 ) or placebo supplementation ( n = 10 ) .
We found that gut microbiota was in a state of dysbiosis and significantly lower levels of Bifidobacteriales and Bifidobacterium longum were observed at the discovery stage in children with ASD .
An increase in beneficial bacteria ( Bifidobacteriales and B. longum ) and suppression of suspected pathogenic bacteria ( Clostridium ) emerged after probiotics + FOS intervention , with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and gastrointestinal symptoms .
Compared to children in the control group , significantly lower levels of acetic acid , propionic acid and butyric acid were found , and a hyperserotonergic state ( increased serotonin ) and dopamine metabolism disorder ( decreased homovanillic acid ) were observed in children with ASD .
Interestingly , the above SCFAs in children with autism significantly elevated after probiotics + FOS intervention and approached those in the control group .
In addition , our data demonstrated that decreased serotonin and increased homovanillic acid emerged after probiotics + FOS @ @ @ @ @ @ @ did not appear in the placebo group for ASD children .
Probiotics + FOS intervention can modulate gut microbiota , SCFAs and serotonin in association with improved ASD symptoms , including a hyper-serotonergic state and dopamine metabolism disorder .

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is increasing, but its etiology remains elusive and hence an effective treatment is not available. Previous research conducted on animal models suggests that microbiota-gut-brain axis may contribute to ASD pathology and more human research is needed. This study was divided into two stages,.At the discovery stage, we compared the differences in gut microbiota profiles (using 16S rRNA sequencing), fecal SCFAs (using GC-MS) and plasma neurotransmitters (using UHPLC-MS/MS) of 26 children with ASD and 24 normal children. All 26 children with ASD participated in the intervention stage, and we measured the gut microbiota profiles, SCFAs and neurotransmitters before and after probiotics + FOS (n = 16) or placebo supplementation (n = 10). We found that gut microbiota was in a state of dysbiosis and significantly lower levels of Bifidobacteriales and Bifidobacterium longum were observed at the discovery stage in children with ASD. An increase in beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacteriales and B. longum) and suppression of suspected pathogenic bacteria (Clostridium) emerged after probiotics + FOS intervention, with significant reduction in the severity of autism and gastrointestinal symptoms. Compared to children in the control group, significantly lower levels of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were found, and a hyperserotonergic state (increased serotonin) and dopamine metabolism disorder (decreased homovanillic acid) were observed in children with ASD. Interestingly, the above SCFAs in children with autism significantly elevated after probiotics + FOS intervention and approached those in the control group. In addition, our data demonstrated that decreased serotonin and increased homovanillic acid emerged after probiotics + FOS intervention. However, the above-mentioned changes did not appear in the placebo group for ASD children. Probiotics + FOS intervention can modulate gut microbiota, SCFAs and serotonin in association with improved ASD symptoms, including a hyper-serotonergic state and dopamine metabolism disorder.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Probiotics combined with exercise training is a potential strategy for ensuring high physical perfor

Probiotics combined with exercise training is a potential strategy for ensuring high physical performance of athletes.

Objectives : Cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating side effect in patients receiving this drug .
Recent studies suggest hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO ) therapy as a new treatment approach for models of neural injury .
The aim of the current study was to determine the protective effects of HBO preconditioning against peripheral neuropathy induced by Cisplatin ( CDDP ) .
Materials and methods : The present study was conducted on 4 groups of rats : Sham group ; HBO group ( 60 min/d ) ; Control group ( CDDP 2 mg/kg/d ) ; Precondition group ( HBO+CDDP ) .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ using von Frey filament .
Sciatic nerve and associated ganglia were removed five weeks after the first CDDP injection for biochemical evaluation of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) content and myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity , immunohistochemistry of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL ) , TNF-α , caspase-3 and iNOS , and transmission electron microscopic ( TEM ) assessments .
Results : MDA levels and MPO activities were significantly decreased in preconditioned rats .
Attenuated TUNEL reaction along with attenuated caspase-3 , TNF-α , and iNOS expression could be significantly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ HBO preconditioning improved the nociceptive threshold .
Conclusion : The results suggest that HBO preconditioning can attenuate peripheral neuropathy caused by cisplatin in rats .

Objectives: Cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating side effect in patients receiving this drug. Recent studies suggest hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy as a new treatment approach for models of neural injury. The aim of the current study was to determine the protective effects of HBO preconditioning against peripheral neuropathy induced by Cisplatin (CDDP). Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on 4 groups of rats: Sham group; HBO group (60 min/d); Control group (CDDP 2 mg/kg/d); Precondition group (HBO+CDDP). Mechanical threshold testing was weekly carried out using von Frey filament. Sciatic nerve and associated ganglia were removed five weeks after the first CDDP injection for biochemical evaluation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, immunohistochemistry of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), TNF-α, caspase-3 and iNOS, and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) assessments. Results: MDA levels and MPO activities were significantly decreased in preconditioned rats. Attenuated TUNEL reaction along with attenuated caspase-3, TNF-α, and iNOS expression could be significantly detected in preconditioned rats. Also, HBO preconditioning improved the nociceptive threshold. Conclusion: The results suggest that HBO preconditioning can attenuate peripheral neuropathy caused by cisplatin in rats.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Probiotics reduce anxiety-related behaviour in zebrafish.

There is increasing evidence that gut microbiome could have effects on neurological processes and on behavior .
In this study @ @ @ @ @ test ( NTT ) to analyze zebrafish exploring behavior after four months ' supplementation with @ @ @ @ @ anti-inflammatory properties .
Results showed that prolonged ingestion ofCECT8361 andCECT7347 significantly alters the swimming pattern @ @ @ @ @ the zebrafish model .
After treatment , zebrafish strongly reduced their bottom-dwelling geotactic behavior when @ @ @ @ @ , which could be correlated to a lower state of anxiety .

There is increasing evidence that gut microbiome could have effects on neurological processes and on behavior. In this study we used the novel tank test (NTT) to analyze zebrafish exploring behavior after four months' supplementation with probiotics with probed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Results showed that prolonged ingestion ofCECT8361 andCECT7347 significantly alters the swimming pattern and mean swimming speed in the zebrafish model. After treatment, zebrafish strongly reduced their bottom-dwelling geotactic behavior when placed in a new tank, which could be correlated to a lower state of anxiety.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and virulence by Lactobacillus plantarum K41 is

Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and virulence by Lactobacillus plantarum K41 isolated from traditional sichuan pickles.

Among cariogenic microbes , is considered a major etiological pathogen of dental caries.strains have been promoted as possible probiotic agents against , although the inhibitory effect ofon caries has not yet been properly addressed .
The objective of this study was to screenstrains found in traditional Sichuan pickles and to evaluate their antagonistic properties againstand .
In the current study , we analyzed 54strains isolated from pickles and found that strainK41 showed the highest inhibitory effect ongrowth as well as on the formation of exopolysaccharides ( EPS ) and biofilm .
Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) and confocal laser @ @ @ @ @ @ @ reduction of both EPS and of the network-like structure inbiofilm when these bacteria were co-cultured with strainK41 .
Furthermore , when rats were treated with strainK41 , there was a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of dental caries .
Due to K41 's origin in a high salinity environment , it showed a high tolerance to acids and salts .
This may give this strain an advantage in harsh oral conditions .
Results showed thatK41 isolated from traditional Sichuan pickles effectively inhibitedbiofilm formation and thus possesses a potential inhibitory effect on @ @ @

Among cariogenic microbes,is considered a major etiological pathogen of dental caries.strains have been promoted as possible probiotic agents against, although the inhibitory effect ofon caries has not yet been properly addressed. The objective of this study was to screenstrains found in traditional Sichuan pickles and to evaluate their antagonistic properties againstand. In the current study, we analyzed 54strains isolated from pickles and found that strainK41 showed the highest inhibitory effect ongrowth as well as on the formation of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and biofilm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) revealed the reduction of both EPS and of the network-like structure inbiofilm when these bacteria were co-cultured with strainK41. Furthermore, when rats were treated with strainK41, there was a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of dental caries. Due to K41's origin in a high salinity environment, it showed a high tolerance to acids and salts. This may give this strain an advantage in harsh oral conditions. Results showed thatK41 isolated from traditional Sichuan pickles effectively inhibitedbiofilm formation and thus possesses a potential inhibitory effect on dental caries.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Probiotic NVP-1703 alleviates allergic rhinitis by inducing IL-10 expression.

Although several recent studies reported that probiotics might be beneficial for allergic rhinitis ( AR ) , the effect of probiotics on AR is not consistent and have not been reproduced between studies .
We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of probiotic NVP-1703 , a mixture ofand , in subjects with perennial AR .
Adult subjects with perennial AR received either NVP-1703 ( = 47 ) or placebo ( = 48 ) for four weeks .
Total nasal symptom scores ( TNSS ) , rhinitis control assessment test ( RCAT ) , blood eosinophil count , allergen-specific IgE @ @ @ @ @ @ @ urine were compared at baseline and after four weeks .
TNSS changes from baseline at weeks 1 , 3 , and 4 were significant between the NVP-1703 and placebo groups ( = 0.033 , 0.031 , and 0.029 , respectively ) .
RCAT score showed significant differences between the NVP-1703 and placebo groups ( = 0.049 ) at week 4.-specific IgE levels and serum IL-10 levels were significantly different between the NVP-1703 and placebo groups ( = 0.033 and= 0.047 , respectively ) .
IL-10/IL-4 and IL-10/IL-13 ratios were different between the NVP-1703 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ = 0.046 and 0.018 , respectively ) .
NVP-1703 treatment reduced urinary prostaglandin Fand leukotriene Elevels ( > 0.05 ) .
Therefore , NVP-1703 can be treatment option for perennial AR .

Although several recent studies reported that probiotics might be beneficial for allergic rhinitis (AR), the effect of probiotics on AR is not consistent and have not been reproduced between studies. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of probiotic NVP-1703, a mixture ofand, in subjects with perennial AR. Adult subjects with perennial AR received either NVP-1703 (= 47) or placebo (= 48) for four weeks. Total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), rhinitis control assessment test (RCAT), blood eosinophil count, allergen-specific IgE, and immunological parameters in serum and urine were compared at baseline and after four weeks. TNSS changes from baseline at weeks 1, 3, and 4 were significant between the NVP-1703 and placebo groups (= 0.033, 0.031, and 0.029, respectively). RCAT score showed significant differences between the NVP-1703 and placebo groups (= 0.049) at week 4.-specific IgE levels and serum IL-10 levels were significantly different between the NVP-1703 and placebo groups (= 0.033 and= 0.047, respectively). IL-10/IL-4 and IL-10/IL-13 ratios were different between the NVP-1703 and placebo groups at week 4 (= 0.046 and 0.018, respectively). NVP-1703 treatment reduced urinary prostaglandin Fand leukotriene Elevels (>0.05). Therefore, NVP-1703 can be treatment option for perennial AR.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-23--Gut Microbiome May Play a Role in the Development of Autism in Children

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greenmedinfo--2020-05-24--Griffithsin retains anti-HIV-1 potency with changes in gp120 glycosylation and complements broadly n

Griffithsin retains anti-HIV-1 potency with changes in gp120 glycosylation and complements broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT121 and PGT126.

Griffithsin ( Grft ) is an antiviral lectin that has been shown to potently inhibit HIV-1 by binding high-mannose N-linked glycosylation sites on HIV-1 gp120 .
A key factor for Grft potency is glycosylation at N295 of gp120 , which is directly adjacent to N332 , a target glycan for an entire class of broadly neutralizing antibodies ( bNAbs ) .
Here , we unify previous work on the importance of other glycans to Grft potency against HIV-1 and Grft 's role in mediating the conformational change of gp120 by mutating nearly every glycosylation site in gp120 .
In addition @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by the removal of glycosylation at N295 , glycan absence at N332 or N448 was found to have moderate effects on Grft potency .
Interestingly , in the absence of N295 , Grft effectiveness could be improved by a mutation that results in the glycan at N448 shifting to N446 , indicating that the importance of individual glycans may be related to their effect on glycosylation density .
Grft 's ability to alter the structure of gp120 , exposing the CD4 binding site , correlated with the presence of glycosylation at N295 only @ @ @ @ @ @ @ C strains .
We further demonstrate that Grft can rescue the activity of the bNAbs PGT121 and PGT126 in the event of a loss or a shift of glycosylation at N332 , where the bNAbs suffer a drastic loss of potency .
Despite targeting the same region , Grft in combination with PGT121 and PGT126 produced additive effects .
This indicates that Grft could be an important combinational therapeutic .

Griffithsin (Grft) is an antiviral lectin that has been shown to potently inhibit HIV-1 by binding high-mannose N-linked glycosylation sites on HIV-1 gp120. A key factor for Grft potency is glycosylation at N295 of gp120, which is directly adjacent to N332, a target glycan for an entire class of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Here, we unify previous work on the importance of other glycans to Grft potency against HIV-1 and Grft's role in mediating the conformational change of gp120 by mutating nearly every glycosylation site in gp120. In addition to a significant loss of Grft activity by the removal of glycosylation at N295, glycan absence at N332 or N448 was found to have moderate effects on Grft potency. Interestingly, in the absence of N295, Grft effectiveness could be improved by a mutation that results in the glycan at N448 shifting to N446, indicating that the importance of individual glycans may be related to their effect on glycosylation density. Grft's ability to alter the structure of gp120, exposing the CD4 binding site, correlated with the presence of glycosylation at N295 only in clade B strains, not clade C strains. We further demonstrate that Grft can rescue the activity of the bNAbs PGT121 and PGT126 in the event of a loss or a shift of glycosylation at N332, where the bNAbs suffer a drastic loss of potency. Despite targeting the same region, Grft in combination with PGT121 and PGT126 produced additive effects. This indicates that Grft could be an important combinational therapeutic.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-24--Griffithsin carrageenan fast dissolving inserts prevent SHIV HSV-2 and HPV infections in vivo.

Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) pre-exposure prophylaxis ( PrEP ) strategies with proven in vivo efficacy rely on antiretroviral @ @ @ @ @ for drug resistance and complicated treatment options in individuals who become infected .
Moreover , @ @ @ @ @ from the PrEP development portfolio .
Griffithsin ( GRFT ) is a non-antiretroviral HIV entry @ @ @ @ @ with an excellent safety profile and potent activity in vitro .
When combined with carrageenan @ @ @ @ @ has strong activity against herpes simplex virus-2 ( HSV-2 ) and human papillomavirus ( HPV @ @ @ @ @ vivo .
Here , we report that GRFT/CG in a freeze-dried fast dissolving insert ( @ @ @ @ @ use protects rhesus macaques from a high dose vaginal SHIV SF162P3 challenge 4 h after @ @ @ @ @ the GRFT/CG FDI also protects mice vaginally against HSV-2 and HPV pseudovirus .
As a @ @ @ @ @ , on-demand non-antiretroviral product , the GRFT/CG FDI warrants clinical development .

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) strategies with proven in vivo efficacy rely on antiretroviral drugs, creating the potential for drug resistance and complicated treatment options in individuals who become infected. Moreover, on-demand products are currently missing from the PrEP development portfolio. Griffithsin (GRFT) is a non-antiretroviral HIV entry inhibitor derived from red algae with an excellent safety profile and potent activity in vitro. When combined with carrageenan (CG), GRFT has strong activity against herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) and human papillomavirus (HPV) in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report that GRFT/CG in a freeze-dried fast dissolving insert (FDI) formulation for on-demand use protects rhesus macaques from a high dose vaginal SHIV SF162P3 challenge 4 h after FDI insertion. Furthermore, the GRFT/CG FDI also protects mice vaginally against HSV-2 and HPV pseudovirus. As a safe, potent, broad-spectrum, on-demand non-antiretroviral product, the GRFT/CG FDI warrants clinical development.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-24--Griffithsin: an antiviral lectin with outstanding therapeutic potential.

Griffithsin ( GRFT ) , an algae-derived lectin , is one of the most potent viral entry inhibitors discovered to @ @ @ @ @ being developed as a microbicide with broad-spectrum activity against several enveloped viruses .
GRFT can @ @ @ @ @ HIV ) infection at picomolar concentrations , surpassing the ability of most anti-HIV agents .
@ @ @ @ @ viruses as well as parasites has also been demonstrated .
Griffithsin 's antiviral activity stems @ @ @ @ @ terminal mannoses present in high-mannose oligosaccharides and crosslink these glycans on the surface of the @ @ @ @ @ , we review structural and biochemical studies that established mode of action and facilitated construction @ @ @ @ @ that may lead to resistance , and in vitro and pre-clinical results that support the @ @ @ @ @ .

Griffithsin (GRFT), an algae-derived lectin, is one of the most potent viral entry inhibitors discovered to date. It is currently being developed as a microbicide with broad-spectrum activity against several enveloped viruses. GRFT can inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at picomolar concentrations, surpassing the ability of most anti-HIV agents. The potential to inhibit other viruses as well as parasites has also been demonstrated. Griffithsin's antiviral activity stems from its ability to bind terminal mannoses present in high-mannose oligosaccharides and crosslink these glycans on the surface of the viral envelope glycoproteins. Here, we review structural and biochemical studies that established mode of action and facilitated construction of GRFT analogs, mechanisms that may lead to resistance, and in vitro and pre-clinical results that support the therapeutic potential of this lectin.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-24--Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection is inhibited by griffithsin.

Highly pathogenic human coronaviruses associated with a severe respiratory syndrome , including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ( MERS-CoV ) , have recently emerged .
The MERS-CoV epidemic started in 2012 and is still ongoing , with a mortality rate of approximately 35 % .
No vaccine is available against MERS-CoV and therapeutic options for MERS-CoV infections are limited to palliative and supportive care .
A search for specific antiviral treatments is urgently needed .
Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses , with the spike proteins present on their surface responsible for virus entry into the target cell .
Lectins are attractive @ @ @ @ @ @ @ nature of the spike protein .
We tested the antiviral effect of griffithsin ( GRFT ) , a lectin isolated from the red marine alga Griffithsia sp .
against MERS-CoV infection .
Our results demonstrate that while displaying no significant cytotoxicity , griffithsin is a potent inhibitor of MERS-CoV infection .
Griffithsin also inhibits entry into host cells of particles pseudotyped with the MERS-CoV spike protein , suggesting that griffithsin inhibits spike protein function during entry .
Spike proteins have a dual function during entry , they mediate binding to the host cell @ @ @ @ @ @ @ viral envelope with host cell membrane .
Time course experiments show that griffithsin inhibits MERS-CoV infection at the binding step .
In conclusion , we identify griffithsin as a potent inhibitor of MERS-CoV infection at the entry step .

Highly pathogenic human coronaviruses associated with a severe respiratory syndrome, including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), have recently emerged. The MERS-CoV epidemic started in 2012 and is still ongoing, with a mortality rate of approximately 35%. No vaccine is available against MERS-CoV and therapeutic options for MERS-CoV infections are limited to palliative and supportive care. A search for specific antiviral treatments is urgently needed. Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses, with the spike proteins present on their surface responsible for virus entry into the target cell. Lectins are attractive anti-coronavirus candidates because of the highly glycosylated nature of the spike protein. We tested the antiviral effect of griffithsin (GRFT), a lectin isolated from the red marine alga Griffithsia sp. against MERS-CoV infection. Our results demonstrate that while displaying no significant cytotoxicity, griffithsin is a potent inhibitor of MERS-CoV infection. Griffithsin also inhibits entry into host cells of particles pseudotyped with the MERS-CoV spike protein, suggesting that griffithsin inhibits spike protein function during entry. Spike proteins have a dual function during entry, they mediate binding to the host cell surface and also the fusion of the viral envelope with host cell membrane. Time course experiments show that griffithsin inhibits MERS-CoV infection at the binding step. In conclusion, we identify griffithsin as a potent inhibitor of MERS-CoV infection at the entry step.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-24--The remarkable potency profile of Griffithsin supports its potential value as an antiviral agent aga

The remarkable potency profile of Griffithsin supports its potential value as an antiviral agent against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ( PRRSV ) is a pathogen that severely disrupts swine production .
Despite sustained @ @ @ @ @ still endemic , with high mortality and morbidity .
New antiviral strategies to control PRRSV @ @ @ @ @ a red algal lectin , has potent antiviral effect on several human enveloped viruses , @ @ @ @ @ beendemonstrated on PRRSV .
Here , we first tested the in vitro antiviral activity of @ @ @ @ @ exerted strong saccharide-dependent antiviral activity against PRRSV , probably through interactions with glycans on the @ @ @ @ @ with virus entry .
Furthermore we revealed that Griffithsin 's action on PRRSV involved blocking @ @ @ @ @ had no effect on viral penetration .
Besides Our findings also suggested that Griffithsin may @ @ @ @ @ prevent virus transmission .
The remarkable potency profile of Griffithsin supports its potential value as @ @ @ @ @ .

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a pathogen that severely disrupts swine production. Despite sustained efforts, the disease is still endemic, with high mortality and morbidity. New antiviral strategies to control PRRSV are needed. Griffithsin, a red algal lectin, has potent antiviral effect on several human enveloped viruses, but this effect has not beendemonstrated on PRRSV. Here, we first tested the in vitro antiviral activity of Griffithsin against PRRSV. Griffithsin exerted strong saccharide-dependent antiviral activity against PRRSV, probably through interactions with glycans on the surface of PRRSV that interfered with virus entry. Furthermore we revealed that Griffithsin's action on PRRSV involved blocking viral adsorption, and it had no effect on viral penetration. Besides Our findings also suggested that Griffithsin may interfere with cell-to-cell spread to prevent virus transmission. The remarkable potency profile of Griffithsin supports its potential value as an antiviral agent against PRRSV.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-24--Griffithsin, a highly potent broad-spectrum antiviral lectin from red algae: from discovery to clini

Griffithsin, a highly potent broad-spectrum antiviral lectin from red algae: from discovery to clinical application.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-24--In vitro antiviral activity of griffithsin against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.

Griffithsin is a lectin with potent antiviral activity against enveloped viruses .
The objective of this study was to assess @ @ @ @ @ porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ( PEDV ) .
The results showed that Griffithsin reduced PEDV @ @ @ @ @ approximately 82.8 % .
Moreover , using time-of-addition assays and RT-qPCR , we found that @ @ @ @ @ a weaker inhibitory effect on PEDV than earlier treatment .
The mechanism of Griffithsin 's @ @ @ @ @ preventing viral attachment to host cells and disrupting cell-to-cell transmission ; its dual mode of @ @ @ @ @ other antiviral drugs .
In conclusion , Griffithsin was identified as a potent PEDV inhibitor @ @ @ @ @ drug for preventing PEDV infection .

Griffithsin is a lectin with potent antiviral activity against enveloped viruses. The objective of this study was to assess Griffithsin's inhibitory effect on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). The results showed that Griffithsin reduced PEDV infection of Vero cells by approximately 82.8%. Moreover, using time-of-addition assays and RT-qPCR, we found that delayed addition of Griffithsin had a weaker inhibitory effect on PEDV than earlier treatment. The mechanism of Griffithsin's action against PEDV involved both preventing viral attachment to host cells and disrupting cell-to-cell transmission; its dual mode of action distinguished Griffithsin from most other antiviral drugs. In conclusion, Griffithsin was identified as a potent PEDV inhibitor and may represent a candidate drug for preventing PEDV infection.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-24--Natural product-derived phytochemicals as potential agents against coronaviruses: a review

Coronaviruses are responsible for a growing economic , social and mortality burden , as the causative agent of diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ) , Middle East respiratory syndrome ( MERS ) , avian infectious bronchitis virus ( IBV ) and COVID-19 .
However , there is a lack of effective antiviral agents for many coronavirus strains .
Naturally existing compounds provide a wealth of chemical diversity , including antiviral activity , and thus may have utility as therapeutic agents against coronaviral infections .
The PubMed database was searched for papers including the keywords coronavirus , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ traditional medicine , herbal , remedy or plants , with 55 primary research articles identified .
The overwhelming majority of publications focussed on polar compounds .
Compounds that show promise for the inhibition of coronavirus in humans include scutellarein , silvestrol , tryptanthrin , saikosaponin B , quercetin , myricetin , caffeic acid , psoralidin , isobavachalcone , and lectins such as griffithsin .
Other compounds such as lycorine may be suitable if a therapeutic level of antiviral activity can be achieved without exceeding toxic plasma concentrations .
It was noted that the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ inhibitors contained a conjugated fused ring structure with the majority being classified as being polyphenols .

Coronaviruses are responsible for a growing economic, social and mortality burden, as the causative agent of diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and COVID-19. However, there is a lack of effective antiviral agents for many coronavirus strains. Naturally existing compounds provide a wealth of chemical diversity, including antiviral activity, and thus may have utility as therapeutic agents against coronaviral infections. The PubMed database was searched for papers including the keywords coronavirus, SARS or MERS, as well as traditional medicine, herbal, remedy or plants, with 55 primary research articles identified. The overwhelming majority of publications focussed on polar compounds. Compounds that show promise for the inhibition of coronavirus in humans include scutellarein, silvestrol, tryptanthrin, saikosaponin B, quercetin, myricetin, caffeic acid, psoralidin, isobavachalcone, and lectins such as griffithsin. Other compounds such as lycorine may be suitable if a therapeutic level of antiviral activity can be achieved without exceeding toxic plasma concentrations. It was noted that the most promising small molecules identified as coronavirus inhibitors contained a conjugated fused ring structure with the majority being classified as being polyphenols.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-24--Experience of music used with psychedelic therapy: a rapid review and implications.

Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music emerged following discontinuation of psychedelic therapy research in the early 1970s , but psychedelic therapy research has since revived .
Music remains a vital component .
This study examined participants ' experiences of music in psychedelic therapy research .
A rapid review of qualitative and quantitative journal articles in four major databases was conducted in February to April , 2019 , using the terms hallucinogens , psychedelic , '' lysergic acid diethylamide , '' psilocybin , ayahuasca , music , and/or '' music therapy .
`` Of 406 articles retrieved , 10 were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ years old ) .
Participants had varied backgrounds .
Music was widely considered integral for meaningful emotional and imagery experiences and self-exploration during psychedelic therapy .
Music transformed through its elicitation of anthropomorphic , transportive , synesthetic , and material sensations .
Music could convey love , carry listeners to other realms , be something to '' hold , '' inspire , and elicit a deep sense of embodied transformation .
Therapeutic influence was especially evident in music 's dichotomous elicitations : Music could simultaneously anchor and propel .
Participant openness to music @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with optimal immediate and longer-term outcomes .
Many studies reported scarce details about the music used and incidental findings of music experienced .
Further understanding of participants ' idiosyncratic and shared responses to music during drug therapy phases will inform optimal development of flexible music protocols which enhance psychedelic therapy .
Music therapists could be involved in the psychedelic therapy research renaissance through assisting with research to optimize music-based protocols used .
If psychedelics become approved medicines , music therapists may be involved in offering psychedelic therapy as part of therapeutic teams .

Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music emerged following discontinuation of psychedelic therapy research in the early 1970s, but psychedelic therapy research has since revived. Music remains a vital component. This study examined participants' experiences of music in psychedelic therapy research. A rapid review of qualitative and quantitative journal articles in four major databases was conducted in February to April, 2019, using the terms hallucinogens, psychedelic,"lysergic acid diethylamide,"psilocybin, ayahuasca, music, and/or"music therapy."Of 406 articles retrieved, 10 were included (n = 180; 18-69 years old). Participants had varied backgrounds. Music was widely considered integral for meaningful emotional and imagery experiences and self-exploration during psychedelic therapy. Music transformed through its elicitation of anthropomorphic, transportive, synesthetic, and material sensations. Music could convey love, carry listeners to other realms, be something to"hold,"inspire, and elicit a deep sense of embodied transformation. Therapeutic influence was especially evident in music's dichotomous elicitations: Music could simultaneously anchor and propel. Participant openness to music and provision of participant-centered music were associated with optimal immediate and longer-term outcomes. Many studies reported scarce details about the music used and incidental findings of music experienced. Further understanding of participants' idiosyncratic and shared responses to music during drug therapy phases will inform optimal development of flexible music protocols which enhance psychedelic therapy. Music therapists could be involved in the psychedelic therapy research renaissance through assisting with research to optimize music-based protocols used. If psychedelics become approved medicines, music therapists may be involved in offering psychedelic therapy as part of therapeutic teams.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-24--Indomethacin and resveratrol as potential treatment adjuncts for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.

The ongoing pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 , also known as COVID-19 ) has led to unprecedented challenges for the global healthcare system .
This novel coronavirus disease phenotype ranges from asymptomatic carriage to fulminant cytokine storm with respiratory failure , polyorgan dysfunction , and death .
Severe disease is characterized by exuberant inflammation resulting from high circulating cytokines such as interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) and tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) .
These inflammatory mediators are responsible for the detrimental effects on the immune , hematologic , respiratory , renal , gastrointestinal @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to inhibition of viral replication , blunting this inflammatory response before overt cytokine storm is important to improve outcomes .
Although there are upcoming promising agents such as remdesivir and convalescent plasma , inexpensive , safe , and widely available adjunct treatments to ameliorate disease burden would be welcome .
Two potential antiinflammatory agents include indomethacin , which has been shown in experimental models to decrease canine coronavirus ( CCoV ) levels in dogs and exhibit antiviral activity against several other viruses , and the polyphenol , resveratrol , a potent antioxidant that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .

The ongoing pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19) has led to unprecedented challenges for the global healthcare system. This novel coronavirus disease phenotype ranges from asymptomatic carriage to fulminant cytokine storm with respiratory failure, polyorgan dysfunction, and death. Severe disease is characterized by exuberant inflammation resulting from high circulating cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These inflammatory mediators are responsible for the detrimental effects on the immune, hematologic, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal and other body systems. In addition to inhibition of viral replication, blunting this inflammatory response before overt cytokine storm is important to improve outcomes. Although there are upcoming promising agents such as remdesivir and convalescent plasma, inexpensive, safe, and widely available adjunct treatments to ameliorate disease burden would be welcome. Two potential antiinflammatory agents include indomethacin, which has been shown in experimental models to decrease canine coronavirus (CCoV) levels in dogs and exhibit antiviral activity against several other viruses, and the polyphenol, resveratrol, a potent antioxidant that has shown antiviral activity against several viruses.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-25--Rapid-release griffithsin fibers for dual prevention of HSV-2 and HIV-1 infections.

The biologic griffithsin ( GRFT ) has recently emerged as a candidate to safely prevent sexually transmitted infections ( STIs ) , including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) and herpes simplex virus 2 ( HSV-2 ) .
However , to date , there are few delivery platforms that are available to effectively deliver biologics to the female reproductive tract ( FRT ) .
The goal of this work was to evaluate rapid-release polyethylene oxide ( PEO ) , polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA ) , and polyvinylpyrrolidone ( PVP ) fibers that incorporate GRFT in ( HIV-1 and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ models .
GRFT loading was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) , and the bioactivity of GRFT fibers was assessed usingHIV-1 pseudovirus and HSV-2 plaque assays .
Afterwards , the efficacy of GRFT fibers was assessed in a murine model of lethal HSV-2 infection .
Finally , murine reproductive tracts and vaginal lavage samples were evaluated for histology and cytokine expression , 24 and 72 h after fiber administration , to determine safety .
All rapid-release formulations achieved high levels of GRFT incorporation and were completely efficacious againstHIV-1 and HSV-2 infections @ @ @ @ @ @ @ provided potent protection in a murine model of HSV-2 infection .
Moreover , histology and cytokine levels , evaluated from collected murine reproductive tissues and vaginal lavage samples treated with blank fibers , showed no increased cytokine production or histological aberrations , demonstrating the preliminary safety of rapid-release GRFT fibers in vaginal tissue .

The biologic griffithsin (GRFT) has recently emerged as a candidate to safely prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). However, to date, there are few delivery platforms that are available to effectively deliver biologics to the female reproductive tract (FRT). The goal of this work was to evaluate rapid-release polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) fibers that incorporate GRFT in(HIV-1 and HSV-2) and(HSV-2) infection models. GRFT loading was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the bioactivity of GRFT fibers was assessed usingHIV-1 pseudovirus and HSV-2 plaque assays. Afterwards, the efficacy of GRFT fibers was assessed in a murine model of lethal HSV-2 infection. Finally, murine reproductive tracts and vaginal lavage samples were evaluated for histology and cytokine expression, 24 and 72 h after fiber administration, to determine safety. All rapid-release formulations achieved high levels of GRFT incorporation and were completely efficacious againstHIV-1 and HSV-2 infections. Importantly, all rapid-release GRFT fibers provided potent protection in a murine model of HSV-2 infection. Moreover, histology and cytokine levels, evaluated from collected murine reproductive tissues and vaginal lavage samples treated with blank fibers, showed no increased cytokine production or histological aberrations, demonstrating the preliminary safety of rapid-release GRFT fibers in vaginal tissue.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-25--The lectins Griffithsin, Cyanovirin-N and Scytovirin inhibit HIV-1 binding to the DC-SIGN receptor a

The lectins Griffithsin, Cyanovirin-N and Scytovirin inhibit HIV-1 binding to the DC-SIGN receptor and transfer to CD4+ cells

It is generally believed that during the sexual transmission of HIV-1 , the glycan-specific DC-SIGN receptor binds the virus and @ @ @ @ @ ( + ) cells .
The lectins griffithsin ( GRFT ) , cyanovirin-N ( CV-N @ @ @ @ @ ) inhibit HIV-1 infection by binding to mannose-rich glycans on gp120 .
We measured the @ @ @ @ @ inhibit both the HIV-1 binding to DC-SIGN and the DC-SIGN-mediated HIV-1 infection of CD4 ( @ @ @ @ @ GRFT , CV-N and SVN were moderately inhibitory to DC-SIGN binding , they potently inhibited @ @ @ @ @ introduction of the 234 glycosylation site abolished HIV-1 sensitivity to lectin inhibition of binding to @ @ @ @ @ susceptible cells .
However , the addition of the 295 glycosylation site increased the inhibition @ @ @ @ @ suggest that GRFT , CV-N and SVN can block two important stages of the sexual @ @ @ @ @ binding and transfer , supporting their further development as microbicides .

It is generally believed that during the sexual transmission of HIV-1, the glycan-specific DC-SIGN receptor binds the virus and mediates its transfer to CD4(+) cells. The lectins griffithsin (GRFT), cyanovirin-N (CV-N) and scytovirin (SVN) inhibit HIV-1 infection by binding to mannose-rich glycans on gp120. We measured the ability of these lectins to inhibit both the HIV-1 binding to DC-SIGN and the DC-SIGN-mediated HIV-1 infection of CD4(+) cells. While GRFT, CV-N and SVN were moderately inhibitory to DC-SIGN binding, they potently inhibited DC-SIGN-transfer of HIV-1. The introduction of the 234 glycosylation site abolished HIV-1 sensitivity to lectin inhibition of binding to DC-SIGN and virus transfer to susceptible cells. However, the addition of the 295 glycosylation site increased the inhibition of transfer. Our data suggest that GRFT, CV-N and SVN can block two important stages of the sexual transmission of HIV-1, DC-SIGN binding and transfer, supporting their further development as microbicides.