greenmedinfo--2020-05-04--The positive effects of Grifola frondosa heteropolysaccharide on NAFLD and regulation of the gut mic

The positive effects of Grifola frondosa heteropolysaccharide on NAFLD and regulation of the gut microbiota.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) is a major public health problem in many countries .
In this study @ @ @ @ @ GFP ) to ameliorate NAFLD was investigated in rats fed a high-fat diet ( HFD @ @ @ @ @ modulating the expression of specific gene members related to lipid synthesis and conversion , cholesterol @ @ @ @ @ were determined .
The components of the intestinal microflora in rats were analyzed by high-throughput @ @ @ @ @ .
Supplementation with GFP significantly increased the proportions of , , andand decreased the proportions @ @ @ @ @ and .
In addition , , , andwere shown to be significant cecal microbiota according @ @ @ @ @ test between the gut microbiota and biomedical assays ( |r| > 0.7 ) .
Histological @ @ @ @ @ that GFP treatments could significantly protect against NAFLD .
In addition , ,andmay play vital @ @ @ @ @ NAFLD .
These results suggest that GFP could be used as a functional material to @ @ @ @ @ NAFLD individuals .

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem in many countries. In this study, the ability ofheteropolysaccharide (GFP) to ameliorate NAFLD was investigated in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The molecular mechanisms modulating the expression of specific gene members related to lipid synthesis and conversion, cholesterol metabolism, and inflammation pathways were determined. The components of the intestinal microflora in rats were analyzed by high-throughput next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Supplementation with GFP significantly increased the proportions of,, andand decreased the proportions of,,,, and. In addition,,, andwere shown to be significant cecal microbiota according to the Spearman's correlation test between the gut microbiota and biomedical assays (|r|>0.7). Histological analysis and biomedical assays showed that GFP treatments could significantly protect against NAFLD. In addition,,andmay play vital roles in the prevention of NAFLD. These results suggest that GFP could be used as a functional material to regulate the gut microbiota of NAFLD individuals.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-04--Synergistic immuno-modulatory activity in human macrophages of a medicinal mushroom formulation cons

Synergistic immuno-modulatory activity in human macrophages of a medicinal mushroom formulation consisting of Reishi, Shiitake and Maitake.

A key characteristic of mushroom polysaccharides that elicit an immunomodulatory response is that they are rich inβ-glucans and low in α-glucans .
In this study we analysed nine commercially available preparations from three mushroom species , Reishi ( Ganoderma lucidum ) , Shiitake ( Lentinula edodes ) and Maitake ( Grifola frondosa ) , for β- and α-glucan content .
Based on β- and α-glucan content we selected three extracts to combine into a formula and evaluated the ability of the individual extracts and formula to impact on the expression of cytokines IL-1α , IL-6 , IL-10 and TNF-α in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The majority of mushroom extracts and the formula were found to be highly potent immuno-stimulators possessing EC50 values lower than 100 μg/mL .
Interestingly the mushroom formula had lower EC50 values in TNF-α expression from LPS stimulated macrophages compared to the individual extracts , suggesting a potential synergistic effect of the mushroom formula .
A responseadditivity graph and curve-shift analysis illustrated that indeed the mushroom formula exhibited an immuno-stimulatory synergistic effect on the expression of the majority of cytokines evaluated in both LPS stimulated and non-stimulated human macrophages , with IL-10 having @ @ @ @ @ @ @ report of a synergistic immuno-modulatory response in human macrophages elicited from a mushroom formula rationally derived from β- and α-glucan content .

A key characteristic of mushroom polysaccharides that elicit an immunomodulatory response is that they are rich inβ-glucans and low in α-glucans. In this study we analysed nine commercially available preparations from three mushroom species, Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) and Maitake (Grifola frondosa), for β- and α-glucan content. Based on β- and α-glucan content we selected three extracts to combine into a formula and evaluated the ability of the individual extracts and formula to impact on the expression of cytokines IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in human macrophages with and without LPS stimulation. The majority of mushroom extracts and the formula were found to be highly potent immuno-stimulators possessing EC50 values lower than 100 μg/mL. Interestingly the mushroom formula had lower EC50 values in TNF-α expression from LPS stimulated macrophages compared to the individual extracts, suggesting a potential synergistic effect of the mushroom formula. A responseadditivity graph and curve-shift analysis illustrated that indeed the mushroom formula exhibited an immuno-stimulatory synergistic effect on the expression of the majority of cytokines evaluated in both LPS stimulated and non-stimulated human macrophages, with IL-10 having an antagonistic response.This study represents the first report of a synergistic immuno-modulatory response in human macrophages elicited from a mushroom formula rationally derived from β- and α-glucan content.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-04--Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides.

This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa ( GFP ) in diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet ( HFD ) and streptozotocin ( STZ ) .
Results showed that oral administration of GFP markedly reduced the serum levels of fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , oral glucose tolerance ( OGT ) , cholesterol ( TC ) , triglyceride ( TG ) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , and significantly decreased the hepatic levels of TC , TG and free fatty acids ( FFA ) .
Meanwhile , high-dose of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ also showed powerful effects on moderating the composition of intestinal microflora in diabetic mice , especially altering the functionally relevant intestinal microbial phylotypes .
Spearman 's correlation network analysis revealed that key microbial phylotypes responding to GFP intervention were strongly correlated with the glucose and lipid metabolic disorders associated parameters .
Moreover , GFP treatment regulated mRNA expression levels of the genes responsible for hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism .
It is noteworthy that GFP treatment markedly increased mRNA expressionof cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase ( CYP7A1 ) and bile salt export pump ( BSEP ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( BAs ) synthesis and excretion in liver .
These findings demonstrated that GFP could prevent hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic mice by altering gut microbiota and regulating hepatic glycolipid metabolism related genes , and therefore could be used as potential functional food ingredients for the prevention or treatment of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia .

This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa (GFP) in diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Results showed that oral administration of GFP markedly reduced the serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance (OGT), cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and significantly decreased the hepatic levels of TC, TG and free fatty acids (FFA). Meanwhile, high-dose of GFP supplementation (900 mg/kg day) also showed powerful effects on moderating the composition of intestinal microflora in diabetic mice, especially altering the functionally relevant intestinal microbial phylotypes. Spearman's correlation network analysis revealed that key microbial phylotypes responding to GFP intervention were strongly correlated with the glucose and lipid metabolic disorders associated parameters. Moreover, GFP treatment regulated mRNA expression levels of the genes responsible for hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. It is noteworthy that GFP treatment markedly increased mRNA expressionof cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and bile salt export pump (BSEP), suggesting an enhancement of bile acids (BAs) synthesis and excretion in liver. These findings demonstrated that GFP could prevent hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic mice by altering gut microbiota and regulating hepatic glycolipid metabolism related genes, and therefore could be used as potential functional food ingredients for the prevention or treatment of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-04--A polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa fruit body induces HT-29 cells apoptosis by PI3K/AKT-MAPKs an

A polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa fruit body induces HT-29 cells apoptosis by PI3K/AKT-MAPKs and NF-κB-pathway.

BACKGROUND : A neutral polysaccharide was isolated from the fruiting body of a mushroom Grifola frondosa ( GFP-A ) .
The tumor suppressive activity of GFP-A on protein expressions of PI3K/AKT , MAPKs , nuclear factorκB and caspase pathways in HT-29 cells were investigated .
METHODS : The inhibitory effect and mechanism of GFP-A on the HT-29 cells were investigated .
The cell viability was examined by MTT .
Scanning electron microscopy analysis and flow cytometry were conducted to examine the apoptosis of cells .
The protein expressions of PI3K/AKT , MAPKs , nuclear factorκB and caspase pathways were analyzed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ results of MTT assay showed that GFP-A of 180 μg/mL could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 cells .
Western blotting results showed that GFP-A decreased the protein expression of PI3K and AKT , enhanced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase ( JNK ) , p38 MAPK and inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the translocation of nuclear factor-κB ( NF-κB ) into the nucleus .
In the meanwhile , GFP-A could up-regulate the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 , increase the release of cytochrome C to cytoplasm , ultimately lead to the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ above results confirmed that GFP-A promoted the apoptosis of HT-29 cells through PI3K/AKT-MAPKs-NF-κB and caspase signaling pathways .

BACKGROUND: A neutral polysaccharide was isolated from the fruiting body of a mushroom Grifola frondosa (GFP-A). The tumor suppressive activity of GFP-A on protein expressions of PI3K/AKT, MAPKs, nuclear factorκB and caspase pathways in HT-29 cells were investigated.
METHODS: The inhibitory effect and mechanism of GFP-A on the HT-29 cells were investigated. The cell viability was examined by MTT. Scanning electron microscopy analysis and flow cytometry were conducted to examine the apoptosis of cells. The protein expressions of PI3K/AKT, MAPKs, nuclear factorκB and caspase pathways were analyzed using western blot.
RESULTS: The results of MTT assay showed that GFP-A of 180 μg/mL could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 cells. Western blotting results showed that GFP-A decreased the protein expression of PI3K and AKT, enhanced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK and inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) into the nucleus. In the meanwhile, GFP-A could up-regulate the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, increase the release of cytochrome C to cytoplasm, ultimately lead to the activation of caspase-9.
CONCLUSIONS: The above results confirmed that GFP-A promoted the apoptosis of HT-29 cells through PI3K/AKT-MAPKs-NF-κB and caspase signaling pathways.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-04--Meta-analysis on effect of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide in regulating in vivo immunoregulatory fu

Meta-analysis on effect of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide in regulating in vivo immunoregulatory function.

The study aimed to explore the in vivo immunoregulatory function of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide ( GFP ) on animal disease models .
Databases of PubMed , Embase , Web of Scinece , CNKI , CBM and Wan Fang Data were searched from the date of their establishment to February 2018 .
Two reviewers independently screened included studies and evaluated their quality by using SYRCLE 's risk of bias tool .
R software was used to analyze the data .
Finally,20 animal experiment studies were included .
According to Metaanalysis .
For cellular immunity , GFP could effectively enhance the proliferation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ killer cells and macrophages in mice .
The percentage of CD4+T cells ( MD = 1 .
89,95 % CI [ 0 .
94,2 .
83 ] , P < 0 .
000 1 ) , CD8+T cells ( MD = 8 .
46,95 % CI [ 5 .
93,11 .
00 ] , P < 0 .
000 1 ) , NK cells ( MD= 2 .
67,95 % CI [ 0 .
23,5 .
11 ] , P= 0 .
03 ) , and macrophages ( MD= 14 .
09,95 % @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ] , P= 0 .
04 ) were all higher than those in control group .
For humoral immunity , GFP could increase the secretion of TNF-α and INF-γ． The secretion of TNF-α ( SMD = 15 .
92,95 % CI [ 9 .
07,22 .
76 ] , P < 0 .
000 1 ) and INF-γ ( SMD = 5 .
34,95 % CI [ 3 .
42,7 .
26 ] , P < 0 .
000 1 ) were all higher than those in control group .
In conclusion , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the proliferation activity of immune cells ( CD4+T cells , CD8+T cells , NK cells and macrophages ) and the secretion of immune factors ( TNF-α and INF-γ ) ． However , it is necessary to further standardize the selection of specific surface markers of immune cells and the administration of GFP , in order to reduce the heterogeneity among the studies .
At the same time , more attention shall be paid to experimental design , implementation and full report , especially to the establishment and implementation of animal experimental registration system @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and quality of the whole process of animal experimental research , enhance the value of basic research ultimately , and provide a reliable theoretical basis for the transformation of basic research into clinical research .

The study aimed to explore the in vivo immunoregulatory function of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide( GFP) on animal disease models. Databases of PubMed,Embase,Web of Scinece,CNKI,CBM and Wan Fang Data were searched from the date of their establishment to February 2018. Two reviewers independently screened included studies and evaluated their quality by using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. R software was used to analyze the data. Finally,20 animal experiment studies were included. According to Metaanalysis. For cellular immunity,GFP could effectively enhance the proliferation of effect or T cells,natural killer cells and macrophages in mice. The percentage of CD4+T cells( MD = 1. 89,95% CI [0. 94,2. 83],P< 0. 000 1),CD8+T cells( MD = 8. 46,95% CI[5. 93,11. 00],P<0. 000 1),NK cells( MD= 2. 67,95% CI [0. 23,5. 11],P= 0. 03),and macrophages( MD= 14. 09,95% CI[0. 84,27. 34],P= 0. 04) were all higher than those in control group. For humoral immunity,GFP could increase the secretion of TNF-α and INF-γ． The secretion of TNF-α( SMD = 15. 92,95% CI [9. 07,22. 76],P<0. 000 1) and INF-γ( SMD = 5. 34,95% CI[3. 42,7. 26],P<0. 000 1) were all higher than those in control group. In conclusion,GFP could regulate immunologic function by enhancing the proliferation activity of immune cells( CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,NK cells and macrophages) and the secretion of immune factors( TNF-α and INF-γ) ． However,it is necessary to further standardize the selection of specific surface markers of immune cells and the administration of GFP,in order to reduce the heterogeneity among the studies. At the same time,more attention shall be paid to experimental design,implementation and full report,especially to the establishment and implementation of animal experimental registration system,so as to improve the transparency and quality of the whole process of animal experimental research,enhance the value of basic research ultimately,and provide a reliable theoretical basis for the transformation of basic research into clinical research.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-05--Grape Seed Extract May Reduce Blood Pressure

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greenmedinfo--2020-05-05--Can Kava Boost Your Mood?

Can Kava Boost Your Mood?


greenmedinfo--2020-05-05--G. frondosa polysaccharide has antiviral activity.

A novel heteropolysaccharide from Grifola frondosa mycelia was extracted and purified using DEAE Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-200 chromatography .
@ @ @ @ @ ) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance ( ( 1 ) H NMR and ( 13 @ @ @ @ @ were used to decipher the structure of the purified G. frondosa polysaccharide ( GFP1 ) @ @ @ @ @ revealed that GFP1 , with an average molecular weight of 40.5kDa , possessed a 1,6-β-d-glucan @ @ @ @ @ side-branching unit .
Enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) is the causative pathogen of hand-foot-and-mouth disease @ @ @ @ @ its anti-EV71 activity in cultured cells , which showed that EV71 viral replication was blocked @ @ @ @ @ and genomic RNA synthesis were suppressed .
Moreover , GFP1 exhibited apoptotic and other activities @ @ @ @ @ cleavage and IκBα down regulation .
Our results demonstrate that the novel G. frondosa polysaccharide @ @ @ @ @ could be valuable as a potentially new anti-EV71 therapeutic compound .

A novel heteropolysaccharide from Grifola frondosa mycelia was extracted and purified using DEAE Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR and (13)C NMR) spectroscopy were used to decipher the structure of the purified G. frondosa polysaccharide (GFP1). Chemical and spectral analysis revealed that GFP1, with an average molecular weight of 40.5kDa, possessed a 1,6-β-d-glucan backbone with a single 1,3-α-d-fucopyranosyl side-branching unit. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the causative pathogen of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. GFP1 was tested for its anti-EV71 activity in cultured cells, which showed that EV71 viral replication was blocked and viral VP1 protein expression and genomic RNA synthesis were suppressed. Moreover, GFP1 exhibited apoptotic and other activities by suppressing the EV71-induced caspase-3 cleavage and IκBα down regulation. Our results demonstrate that the novel G. frondosa polysaccharide has antiviral activity, which could be valuable as a potentially new anti-EV71 therapeutic compound.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--The efficacy of green exercise interventions for mental wellbeing.

This study investigated the efficacy of medium-term Green Exercise ( GE ; being physically active within a natural environment ) interventions for improving wellbeing , by pooling data collected at the start and end of participants ' engagement with a range of GE interventions .
Hypotheses were that ( i ) interventions would show good efficacy for improving wellbeing in the overall sample ; ( ii ) compared to participants reporting 'average to high ' wellbeing at the start of their project , participants with 'low ' starting wellbeing would report greater improvements post-intervention ; and ( iii ) improvements @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The pooled dataset was categorized in line with UK norms ( = 318 ) and analyzed using a standardized meta-analysis approach .
Effect size was large : g = 0.812 ( 95 % CI [ 0.599 , 1.025 ] ) , and differences in wellbeing changes associated with project duration , age or sex were not statistically significant .
Compared to those reporting 'average-high ' starting wellbeing , participants reporting 'low ' starting wellbeing exhibited greater improvements ( BCa 95 % CI [ -31.8 , -26.5 ] ) , with 60.8 % moving @ @ @ @ @ @ @ GE can play an important role in facilitating wellbeing and can provide alternative pathways for health and social care practice .
Public health commissioners should consider integrating such interventions for patients experiencing low wellbeing or associated comorbidities .

This study investigated the efficacy of medium-term Green Exercise (GE; being physically active within a natural environment) interventions for improving wellbeing, by pooling data collected at the start and end of participants' engagement with a range of GE interventions. Hypotheses were that (i) interventions would show good efficacy for improving wellbeing in the overall sample; (ii) compared to participants reporting 'average to high' wellbeing at the start of their project, participants with 'low' starting wellbeing would report greater improvements post-intervention; and (iii) improvements would significantly differ between age groups. The pooled dataset was categorized in line with UK norms (= 318) and analyzed using a standardized meta-analysis approach. Effect size was large: g = 0.812 (95% CI [0.599, 1.025]), and differences in wellbeing changes associated with project duration, age or sex were not statistically significant. Compared to those reporting 'average-high' starting wellbeing, participants reporting 'low' starting wellbeing exhibited greater improvements (BCa 95% CI [-31.8, -26.5]), with 60.8% moving into the 'average-high' wellbeing category. GE can play an important role in facilitating wellbeing and can provide alternative pathways for health and social care practice. Public health commissioners should consider integrating such interventions for patients experiencing low wellbeing or associated comorbidities.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Tai Ji Quan is a viable antihypertensive lifestyle therapy that produces clinically meaningful blood

Tai Ji Quan is a viable antihypertensive lifestyle therapy that produces clinically meaningful blood pressure reductions.

BACKGROUND : Professional health organizations are not currently recommending Tai Ji Quana longside aerobic exercise to treat hypertension .
We aimed to examine the efficacy of Tai Ji Quan as antihypertensive lifestyle therapy .
METHODS : Tai Ji Quan interventions published in English and Chinese were included when they involved healthy adults , reported pre-and post-intervention blood pressure ( BP ) , and had a non-exercise/non-diet control group .
We systematically searched 11 electronic databases for studies published through July 31 , 2018 , yielding 31 qualifying controlled trials .
We1 ) evaluated the risk of bias and methodological study @ @ @ @ @ @ @ following random-effects assumptions , and 3 ) generated additive models representing the largest possible clinically relevant BP reductions .
RESULTS : Participants ( N = 3223 ) were middle-aged ( 56.6 ± 15.1 years of age ) adults with prehypertension ( systolic BP ( SBP ) =136.9 ± 15.2 mmHg , diastolic BP ( DBP ) = 83.4 ± 8.7mmHg ) .
Tai Ji Quan was practiced 4.0 ± 1.4 sessions/week for 54.0 ± 10.6 min/session for 22.3 ± 20.2 weeks .
Overall , Tai Ji Quan elicited significant reductions in SBP ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 95 % CI : -14.6 to -8.0 ) and DBP ( d = -0.53 ; -4.8 mmHg , 95 % CI : -6.4 to -3.1 ) versus control ( p < 0.001 ) .
Controlling for publication bias among samples with hypertension , Tai Ji Quan trials published in English elicited SBP reductions of 10.4 mmHg and DBP reductions of 4.0 mmHg , which was half the magnitude of trials published in Chinese ( SBP reductions of 18.6 mmHg and DBP reductions of 8.8 mmHg ) .
CONCLUSION : Our results indicate that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ lifestyle therapy that produces clinically meaningful BP reductions ( i.e.
, 10.4mmHg and 4.0 mmHg of SBP and DBP reductions , respectively ) among individuals with hypertension .
Such magnitude of BP reductions can lower the incidence of cardiovascular disease by up to 40 % .

BACKGROUND: Professional health organizations are not currently recommending Tai Ji Quana longside aerobic exercise to treat hypertension. We aimed to examine the efficacy of Tai Ji Quan as antihypertensive lifestyle therapy.
METHODS: Tai Ji Quan interventions published in English and Chinese were included when they involved healthy adults, reported pre-and post-intervention blood pressure (BP), and had a non-exercise/non-diet control group. We systematically searched 11 electronic databases for studies published through July 31, 2018, yielding 31 qualifying controlled trials. We1) evaluated the risk of bias and methodological study quality, 2) performed meta-regression analyses following random-effects assumptions, and 3) generated additive models representing the largest possible clinically relevant BP reductions.
RESULTS: Participants (N = 3223) were middle-aged (56.6 ± 15.1 years of age) adults with prehypertension (systolic BP (SBP) =136.9 ± 15.2 mmHg, diastolic BP (DBP) = 83.4 ± 8.7mmHg). Tai Ji Quan was practiced 4.0 ± 1.4 sessions/week for 54.0 ± 10.6 min/session for 22.3 ± 20.2 weeks. Overall, Tai Ji Quan elicited significant reductions in SBP (d = -0.75; -11.3 mmHg, 95%CI: -14.6 to -8.0) and DBP (d = -0.53; -4.8 mmHg, 95%CI: -6.4 to -3.1) versus control (p<0.001). Controlling for publication bias among samples with hypertension, Tai Ji Quan trials published in English elicited SBP reductions of 10.4 mmHg and DBP reductions of 4.0 mmHg, which was half the magnitude of trials published in Chinese (SBP reductions of 18.6 mmHg and DBP reductions of 8.8 mmHg).
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that Tai Ji Quan is a viable antihypertensive lifestyle therapy that produces clinically meaningful BP reductions (i.e., 10.4mmHg and 4.0 mmHg of SBP and DBP reductions, respectively) among individuals with hypertension. Such magnitude of BP reductions can lower the incidence of cardiovascular disease by up to 40%.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Tai Chi is an effective form of exercise to reduce markers of frailty in older age.

Frailty affects the quality of life of older age adults by limiting mobility , reducing physiological reserve and reducing independence .
The frailty phenotype is typically characterised by exhaustion , loss or lack of physical activity , weight loss and weakness , although more recently there have been proposals to extend the frailty criteria to include physiological characteristics such as inflammation , oxidative stress and vascular function .
Exercise has the potential to prevent , delay or even reverse frailty , but not all exercise is perceived as suitable for an older age population .
The purpose of this study @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Gold® as exercise interventions in older age adults ( 65 to 75 years old ) to improve characteristics related to the frailty phenotype .
Muscle strength and flexibility ( functional fitness as a measure of weakness ) , cardiorespiratory fitness , blood pressure , vascular function ( FMD ) , markers of oxidativestress ( total antioxidant capacity , malondialdehyde , 8-isoprostane , protein carbonyl ) , inflammation ( CRP ) and aspects of wellbeing related to exhaustion were assessed at baseline ( pre- ) , 6 weeks ( mid- ) and 12 weeks @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and Zumba Gold® improved systolic blood pressure , vascular function , and functional fitness following the 12 week intervention to a similar extent .
Furthermore Antioxidant capacity was significantly increased ( 303 ± 15.56 vs. 336 ± 18.82 μm ; p = 0.0028 ) and lipid oxidation significantly reduced ( 36.41 ± 6.4 vs 13.49 ± 2.5 pg/ml ; p = 0.0042 ) after 12 weeks of Tai Chi compared to baseline .
Anxiety , physical and mental fatigue decreased in both groups , with a greater decrease in mental fatigue in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ these changes suggest that Tai Chi has the potential to reduce outcomes related to the extended frailty phenotype in older age adults .

Frailty affects the quality of life of older age adults by limiting mobility, reducing physiological reserve and reducing independence. The frailty phenotype is typically characterised by exhaustion, loss or lack of physical activity, weight loss and weakness, although more recently there have been proposals to extend the frailty criteria to include physiological characteristics such as inflammation, oxidative stress and vascular function. Exercise has the potential to prevent, delay or even reverse frailty, but not all exercise is perceived as suitable for an older age population. The purpose of this study was to test Tai Chi and Zumba Gold® as exercise interventions in older age adults (65 to 75 years old) to improve characteristics related to the frailty phenotype. Muscle strength and flexibility (functional fitness as a measure of weakness), cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, vascular function (FMD), markers of oxidativestress (total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostane, protein carbonyl), inflammation (CRP) and aspects of wellbeing related to exhaustion were assessed at baseline (pre-), 6 weeks (mid-) and 12 weeks (post-intervention). Both Tai Chi and Zumba Gold® improved systolic blood pressure, vascular function, and functional fitness following the 12 week intervention to a similar extent. Furthermore Antioxidant capacity was significantly increased (303 ± 15.56 vs. 336 ± 18.82 μm; p = 0.0028) and lipid oxidation significantly reduced (36.41 ± 6.4 vs 13.49 ± 2.5 pg/ml;p = 0.0042) after 12 weeks of Tai Chi compared to baseline. Anxiety, physical and mental fatigue decreased in both groups, with a greater decrease in mental fatigue in the Tai Chi group. Taken together, these changes suggest that Tai Chi has the potential to reduce outcomes related to the extended frailty phenotype in older age adults.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Exercise improves psychological well-being in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) is a complex endocrinopathy affecting both the metabolism and reproductive system of women of reproductive age .
Prevalence ranges from 6.1-19.9 % depending on the criteria used to give a diagnosis .
PCOS accounts for approximately 80 % of women with anovulatory infer-tility , and causes disruption at various stages of the reproductive axis .
Evidence suggests lifestyle modification should be the first line of therapy for women with PCOS .
Several studies have examined the impact of exercise interventions on reproductive function , with results indicating improvements in menstrual and/or ovulation frequency following @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mechanisms of how exercise restores reproductive function .
Women with PCOS typically have a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that are risk factors for CVD .
There is irrefutable evidence that exercise mitigates CVD risk factors in women with PCOS .
The mechanism by which exercise improves many CVD risk factors is again associated with improved insulin sensitivity and decreased hyperinsulinemia .
In addition to cardiometabolic and reproductive complications , PCOS has been associated with an increased prevalence of mental health disorders .
Exercise improves psychological well-being in women with PCOS , dependent on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ relationship to exercise in PCOS may not be feasible because of the highly individualised characteristics of the disorder .
Guidelines for PCOS suggest at least 150 min of physical activity per week .
Evidence confirms that this should form the basis of any clinician or healthcare professional prescription .

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy affecting both the metabolism and reproductive system of women of reproductive age. Prevalence ranges from 6.1-19.9% depending on the criteria used to give a diagnosis. PCOS accounts for approximately 80% of women with anovulatory infer-tility, and causes disruption at various stages of the reproductive axis. Evidence suggests lifestyle modification should be the first line of therapy for women with PCOS. Several studies have examined the impact of exercise interventions on reproductive function, with results indicating improvements in menstrual and/or ovulation frequency following exercise. Enhanced insulin sensitivity underpins the mechanisms of how exercise restores reproductive function. Women with PCOS typically have a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that are risk factors for CVD. There is irrefutable evidence that exercise mitigates CVD risk factors in women with PCOS. The mechanism by which exercise improves many CVD risk factors is again associated with improved insulin sensitivity and decreased hyperinsulinemia. In addition to cardiometabolic and reproductive complications, PCOS has been associated with an increased prevalence of mental health disorders. Exercise improves psychological well-being in women with PCOS, dependent on certain physiological factors. An optimal dose-response relationship to exercise in PCOS may not be feasible because of the highly individualised characteristics of the disorder. Guidelines for PCOS suggest at least 150 min of physical activity per week. Evidence confirms that this should form the basis of any clinician or healthcare professional prescription.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Relation of physical activity with the depression: A short review.

According to the studies , physical exercise can prove to be a viable tool for the treatment of depressed patients @ @ @ @ @ , various research studies from the year 2017-2019 were analyzed .
Various reviews also confirmed @ @ @ @ @ in the treatment of depression .
After study , it was confirmed that structured and @ @ @ @ @ an important role in the success of exercise protocol towards the treatment of patients .
@ @ @ @ @ and psychotherapy were also discussed .
It was also studied that sedentary behavior of patients @ @ @ @ @ the patient badly .
Therefore , all the studies concluded that exercise can be considered @ @ @ @ @ treatment of depressed patients if exercise are structured and protocol are regularly performed .

According to the studies, physical exercise can prove to be a viable tool for the treatment of depressed patients. In the present review, various research studies from the year 2017-2019 were analyzed. Various reviews also confirmed that exercise played important role in the treatment of depression. After study, it was confirmed that structured and adherence to the exercise played an important role in the success of exercise protocol towards the treatment of patients. Conventional methods such as pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy were also discussed. It was also studied that sedentary behavior of patients with mental disorder can affect the patient badly. Therefore, all the studies concluded that exercise can be considered as better tool for the treatment of depressed patients if exercise are structured and protocol are regularly performed.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--The current chapter provides a review of exercise and its outcomes, safety, and prescription in Mult

The current chapter provides a review of exercise and its outcomes, safety, and prescription in Multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis ( MS ) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system ( CNS ) with an estimated @ @ @ @ @ in the United States .
The disease pathogenesis and resulting damage express as dysfunction ( @ @ @ @ @ impairment ) and symptoms ( e.g.
, fatigue and depression ) that compromise quality of @ @ @ @ @ full participation .
There has been a steadily increasing body of research on the outcomes @ @ @ @ @ MS , and this has accelerated sharply over the past decade .
The current chapter @ @ @ @ @ and its outcomes , safety , and prescription in MS .
This chapter initially reviews @ @ @ @ @ exercise based principally on meta-analyses and literature reviews .
The chapter then reviews evidence on @ @ @ @ @ MS and lastly provides guidelines for exercise prescription in MS .
Collectively , this chapter @ @ @ @ @ reference for researchers and clinicians interested in the benefits , safety , and prescription of @ @ @ @

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with an estimated prevalence approaching 1 million adults in the United States. The disease pathogenesis and resulting damage express as dysfunction (e.g., walking and cognitive impairment) and symptoms (e.g., fatigue and depression) that compromise quality of life (QOL) and full participation. There has been a steadily increasing body of research on the outcomes of exercise among persons with MS, and this has accelerated sharply over the past decade. The current chapter provides a review of exercise and its outcomes, safety, and prescription in MS. This chapter initially reviews the evidence for benefits of exercise based principally on meta-analyses and literature reviews. The chapter then reviews evidence on the safety of exercise in MS and lastly provides guidelines for exercise prescription in MS. Collectively, this chapter serves as an overview and reference for researchers and clinicians interested in the benefits, safety, and prescription of exercise in MS.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Physical activity may also be useful in reducing the symptoms of comorbid mental health conditions.

Anxiety disorders are a group of highly prevalent mental health conditions that can have a debilitating impact on daily functioning @ @ @ @ @ co-occur with other mental health disorders , such as depression .
People with anxiety disorders @ @ @ @ @ risk of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality .
Physical activity appears to be protective against @ @ @ @ @ nonclinical populations .
Exercise , a subset of physical activity , has been shown to @ @ @ @ @ anxiety .
The mechanisms through which exercise produces these effects are likely to involve a @ @ @ @ @ factors .
Physical activity may also be useful in reducing the symptoms of comorbid mental @ @ @ @ @ of physical health complications over time .
Promoting physical activity could be a method of @ @ @ @ @ with a wide range of benefits .
However , further research will be necessary to @ @ @ @ @ literature before these approaches can be fully implemented in mental health services .

Anxiety disorders are a group of highly prevalent mental health conditions that can have a debilitating impact on daily functioning and well-being. They can co-occur with other mental health disorders, such as depression. People with anxiety disorders are also at an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Physical activity appears to be protective against anxiety disorders in clinical and nonclinical populations. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, has been shown to significantly reduce the symptoms of anxiety. The mechanisms through which exercise produces these effects are likely to involve a combination of biological and psychological factors. Physical activity may also be useful in reducing the symptoms of comorbid mental health conditions and the risk of physical health complications over time. Promoting physical activity could be a method of preventing or treating anxiety disorders with a wide range of benefits. However, further research will be necessary to address important gaps in the literature before these approaches can be fully implemented in mental health services.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Effects of exercise on memory interference in neuropsychiatric disorders.

There are several mechanisms that cause memory impairment , including motivated forgetting , active forgetting , natural decay , and @ @ @ @ @ when one is attempting to recall something specific , but there is conflicting information making @ @ @ @ @ the target stimuli .
In laboratory settings , it is common to measure memory interference @ @ @ @ @ the AB-CD , AB-AC , AB-ABr , or AB-DE AC-FG method .
Memory impairments are @ @ @ @ @ disorders such as depression , schizophrenia , and multiple sclerosis .
The memory effects of @ @ @ @ @ are all related to alterations in brain physiology and general memory deterioration .
Exercise , @ @ @ @ @ been demonstrated to attenuate memory interference in some cases , but the mechanisms are still @ @ @ @ @ is needed on memory interference , in regard to exercise and neuropsychiatric disorders .

There are several mechanisms that cause memory impairment, including motivated forgetting, active forgetting, natural decay, and memory interference. Interference occurs when one is attempting to recall something specific, but there is conflicting information making it more difficult to recall the target stimuli. In laboratory settings, it is common to measure memory interference with paired associate tasks-usually utilizing the AB-CD, AB-AC, AB-ABr, or AB-DE AC-FG method. Memory impairments are frequent among those with neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and multiple sclerosis. The memory effects of each condition differ, but are all related to alterations in brain physiology and general memory deterioration. Exercise, or physical activity, has been demonstrated to attenuate memory interference in some cases, but the mechanisms are still being determined. Further research is needed on memory interference, in regard to exercise and neuropsychiatric disorders.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Effects of exercise on long-term potentiation in neuropsychiatric disorders.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--More frequent interruptions to sedentary time were associated with lower odds of depression/anxiety

More frequent interruptions to sedentary time were associated with lower odds of depression/anxiety symptoms.

Interruptions to time spent sitting can ameliorate detrimental metabolic-health consequences of high volumes of sedentary time , but their potential mental health benefits have not been examined .
We used the Swedish Health Profile Assessment database , a general health assessment offered to all employees working for companies or organisations connected to occupational and health services .
Cross-sectional analyses examined data from 40,550 employees ( 60 % male , mean age = 42 years ) , collected in 2017-2019 .
Participants reported the proportion of time ( almost always ; 75 % of the time ; 50 % of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ; and almost never ) usually spent in leisure-time sedentary behaviours ; and , separately , the frequency ( never ; rarely ; sometimes ; often ; and very often ) of interruptions ( every 30 min ) to sedentary time .
Logistic regression models assessed associations of sedentary time , and the frequency of interruptions to sedentary time , with depression/anxiety symptoms .
Fully adjusted models included physical exercise .
Compared to those in the lowest sedentary time category , those in the medium and high categories had 1.52 ( 95 % @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) and 3.11 ( 95 % CI = 2.82-3.42 ) higher odds of frequent depression/anxiety symptoms , respectively .
Compared to those who never/rarely interrupted their sedentary time , those who reported interruptions sometimes , often and very often had 0.72 ( 95 % CI = 0.65-0.80 ) , 0.59 ( 95 % CI = 0.53-0.65 ) , and 0.53 ( 95 % CI = 0.46-0.59 ) lower odds of depression/anxiety symptoms , respectively .
In stratified analyses , more frequent interruptions to sedentary time were associated withlower odds of depression/anxiety symptoms , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ categories ( never/25 % of the time ) .
More regularly interrupting sitting during leisure-time may reduce the odds of experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety .

Interruptions to time spent sitting can ameliorate detrimental metabolic-health consequences of high volumes of sedentary time, but their potential mental health benefits have not been examined. We used the Swedish Health Profile Assessment database, a general health assessment offered to all employees working for companies or organisations connected to occupational and health services. Cross-sectional analyses examined data from 40,550 employees (60% male, mean age = 42 years), collected in 2017-2019. Participants reported the proportion of time (almost always; 75% of the time; 50% of the time; 25% of the time; and almost never) usually spent in leisure-time sedentary behaviours; and, separately, the frequency (never; rarely; sometimes; often; and very often) of interruptions (every 30 min) to sedentary time. Logistic regression models assessed associations of sedentary time, and the frequency of interruptions to sedentary time, with depression/anxiety symptoms. Fully adjusted models included physical exercise. Compared to those in the lowest sedentary time category, those in the medium and high categories had 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.40-1.66) and 3.11 (95% CI = 2.82-3.42) higher odds of frequent depression/anxiety symptoms, respectively. Compared to those who never/rarely interrupted their sedentary time, those who reported interruptions sometimes, often and very often had 0.72 (95% CI = 0.65-0.80), 0.59 (95% CI = 0.53-0.65), and 0.53 (95% CI = 0.46-0.59) lower odds of depression/anxiety symptoms, respectively. In stratified analyses, more frequent interruptions to sedentary time were associated withlower odds of depression/anxiety symptoms, except among those in the lowest interruptions categories (never/25% of the time). More regularly interrupting sitting during leisure-time may reduce the odds of experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS, microwave syndrome) - Review of mechanisms.

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity ( EHS ) , known in the past as '' Microwave syndrome '' , is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of a wide spectrum of non-specific multiple organ symptoms , typically including central nervous system symptoms , that occur following the patient 's acute or chronic exposure to electromagnetic fields in the environment or in occupational settings .
Numerous studies have shown biological effects at the cellular level of electromagnetic fields ( EMF ) at magnetic ( ELF ) and radio-frequency ( RF ) frequencies in extremely low intensities .
Many of the mechanisms described for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with modification to EHS .
Repeated exposures result in sensitization and consequent enhancement of response .
Many hypersensitive patients appear to have impaired detoxification systems that become overloaded by excessive oxidative stress .
EMF can induce changes in calcium signaling cascades , significant activation of free radical processes and overproduction of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) in living cells as well as altered neurological and cognitive functions and disruption of the blood-brain barrier .
Magnetite crystals absorbed from combustion air pollution could have an important role in brain effects of EMF .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ also be expressed as symptoms in the cardiovascular system .
Other common effects of EMF include effects on skin , microvasculature , immune and hematologic systems .
It is concluded that the mechanisms underlying the symptoms of EHS are biologically plausible and that many organic physiologic responses occur following EMF exposure .
Patients can have neurologic , neuro-hormonal and neuro-psychiatric symptoms following exposure to EMF as a consequence of neural damage and over-sensitized neural responses .
More relevant diagnostic tests for EHS should be developed .
Exposure limits should be lowered to safeguard @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of local and global wireless networks should be decreased , and safer wired networks should be used instead of wireless , to protect susceptible members of the public .
Public places should be made accessible for electrohypersensitive individuals .

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), known in the past as"Microwave syndrome", is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of a wide spectrum of non-specific multiple organ symptoms, typically including central nervous system symptoms, that occur following the patient's acute or chronic exposure to electromagnetic fields in the environment or in occupational settings. Numerous studies have shown biological effects at the cellular level of electromagnetic fields (EMF) at magnetic (ELF) and radio-frequency (RF) frequencies in extremely low intensities. Many of the mechanisms described for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) apply with modification to EHS. Repeated exposures result in sensitization and consequent enhancement of response. Many hypersensitive patients appear to have impaired detoxification systems that become overloaded by excessive oxidative stress. EMF can induce changes in calcium signaling cascades, significant activation of free radical processes and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living cells as well as altered neurological and cognitive functions and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Magnetite crystals absorbed from combustion air pollution could have an important role in brain effects of EMF. Autonomic nervous system effects of EMF could also be expressed as symptoms in the cardiovascular system. Other common effects of EMF include effects on skin, microvasculature, immune and hematologic systems. It is concluded that the mechanisms underlying the symptoms of EHS are biologically plausible and that many organic physiologic responses occur following EMF exposure. Patients can have neurologic, neuro-hormonal and neuro-psychiatric symptoms following exposure to EMF as a consequence of neural damage and over-sensitized neural responses. More relevant diagnostic tests for EHS should be developed. Exposure limits should be lowered to safeguard against biologic effects of EMF. Spread of local and global wireless networks should be decreased, and safer wired networks should be used instead of wireless, to protect susceptible members of the public. Public places should be made accessible for electrohypersensitive individuals.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--The influence of electromagnetic radiation of cell phones on the behavior of animals.

Background and Aim : The radiation emitted from cell phones has various deleterious effects on human health .
The article considers the problem of the effects of electromagnetic radiation ( EMR ) of cell phones on the behavior of animals .
The use of mobile phones is continually increasing throughout the world .
All of the world population uses mobile phones widely ; thus , having strong and daily effect on the brain .
There is no restriction on the use of mobile phones .
Getting more advantages and convenience of mobile communication , the population is trying not to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ their health , there is no element of self-restraint .
The aim of this work was to study behavioral patterns in response to the influence of cell phones .
Materials and Methods : The experiments were carried out on 90 white outbred rats weighing 250-300 g. Experiments were carried out and the effect of EMR from Samsung Galaxy J1 mini and Xiaomi Redmi S2 phones on animal behavior was studied .
Behavioral reactions were studied using the open field method .
Results : By the quality of the act of locomotion in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ % and also in this group by the time of the act is 23 % lower than in the control data .
Vertical motor activity , a support stand , is also suppressed in the second experimental group : 61 % lower in number and 47.2 % lower in act time compared to the control group .
Based on the data , we can conclude that the EMR of the phone Samsung Galaxy J1 Mini affects the behavior of animals to a greater extent than Xiaomi Redmi S2 .
By the frequency of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ lower ; by the time of the act , it remained at the level of control data in the second group .
In the third group of the animals , the number and time of the act are 15 % lower than the control data .
The support stands as an indicator of research activity .
In the second group the act of stand with support - by number was lower by 57 % than the control data , this indicates that research activity is being suppressed .
Conclusion : According to the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ from the Samsung Galaxy J1 Mini and Xiaomi Redmi S2 phones , the motor component of behavior is suppressed .
The research component of behavior in all groups of animals is enhanced due to high rates of sniffing .
It is possible that in animals under stress , the motivation to interact with the environment decreases , leading to an excessive self-accentuation of the animal .

Background and Aim: The radiation emitted from cell phones has various deleterious effects on human health. The article considers the problem of the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of cell phones on the behavior of animals. The use of mobile phones is continually increasing throughout the world. All of the world population uses mobile phones widely; thus, having strong and daily effect on the brain. There is no restriction on the use of mobile phones. Getting more advantages and convenience of mobile communication, the population is trying not to hear the information about possible risks to their health, there is no element of self-restraint. The aim of this work was to study behavioral patterns in response to the influence of cell phones.
Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out on 90 white outbred rats weighing 250-300 g. Experiments were carried out and the effect of EMR from Samsung Galaxy J1 mini and Xiaomi Redmi S2 phones on animal behavior was studied. Behavioral reactions were studied using the open field method.
Results: By the quality of the act of locomotion in the second experimental group is reduced by 30% and also in this group by the time of the act is 23% lower than in the control data. Vertical motor activity, a support stand, is also suppressed in the second experimental group: 61% lower in number and 47.2% lower in act time compared to the control group. Based on the data, we can conclude that the EMR of the phone Samsung Galaxy J1 Mini affects the behavior of animals to a greater extent than Xiaomi Redmi S2. By the frequency of the act, sniffing is 26% lower; by the time of the act, it remained at the level of control data in the second group. In the third group of the animals, the number and time of the act are 15% lower than the control data. The support stands as an indicator of research activity. In the second group the act of stand with support - by number was lower by 57% than the control data, this indicates that research activity is being suppressed.
Conclusion: According to the above changes under the action of EMR from the Samsung Galaxy J1 Mini and Xiaomi Redmi S2 phones, the motor component of behavior is suppressed. The research component of behavior in all groups of animals is enhanced due to high rates of sniffing. It is possible that in animals under stress, the motivation to interact with the environment decreases, leading to an excessive self-accentuation of the animal.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Public exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in everyday microenvironments: An updated s

Public exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in everyday microenvironments: An updated systematic review for Europe.

Communication technologies are rapidly changing and this may affect public exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields ( RF-EMF ) .
This systematic review of literature aims to update a previous review on public everyday RF-EMF exposure in Europe , which covered publications until 2015 .
From 144 eligible records identified by means of a systematic search in PubMed , Embase and Web of Knowledge databases , published between May 2015 and 1 July 2018 , 26 records met the inclusion criteria .
We extracted quantitative data on public exposure in different indoors , outdoors and transport environments .
The data was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ patterns between different types of environments .
Mean RF-EMF exposure in homes , schools and offices were between 0.04 and 0.76 V/m .
Mean outdoor exposure values ranged from 0.07 to 1.27 V/m with downlink signals from mobile phone base stations being the most relevant contributor .
RF-EMF levels tended to increase with increasing urbanity .
Levels in public transport ( bus , train and tram ) and cars were between 0.14 and 0.69 V/m .
The highest levels , up to 1.97 V/m , were measured in public transport stations with downlink @ @ @ @ @ @ @ line with previous studies , RF-EMF exposure levels were highest in the transportation systems followed by outdoor and private indoor environments .
This reviewdoes not indicate a noticeable increase in everyday RF-EMF exposure since 2012 despite increasing use of wireless communication devices .

Communication technologies are rapidly changing and this may affect public exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). This systematic review of literature aims to update a previous review on public everyday RF-EMF exposure in Europe, which covered publications until 2015. From 144 eligible records identified by means of a systematic search in PubMed, Embase and Web of Knowledge databases, published between May 2015 and 1 July 2018, 26 records met the inclusion criteria. We extracted quantitative data on public exposure in different indoors, outdoors and transport environments. The data was descriptively analyzed with respect to the exposure patterns between different types of environments. Mean RF-EMF exposure in homes, schools and offices were between 0.04 and 0.76 V/m. Mean outdoor exposure values ranged from 0.07 to 1.27 V/m with downlink signals from mobile phone base stations being the most relevant contributor. RF-EMF levels tended to increase with increasing urbanity. Levels in public transport (bus, train and tram) and cars were between 0.14 and 0.69 V/m. The highest levels, up to 1.97 V/m, were measured in public transport stations with downlink as the most relevant contributor. In line with previous studies, RF-EMF exposure levels were highest in the transportation systems followed by outdoor and private indoor environments. This reviewdoes not indicate a noticeable increase in everyday RF-EMF exposure since 2012 despite increasing use of wireless communication devices.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on neuronal differentiation and mitochondri

Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on neuronal differentiation and mitochondrial function in SH-SY5Y cells.

Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields ( RF-EMF ) has dramatically increased in the last decades with expanding use of mobile phones worldwide .
The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of RF-EMF on neuronal differentiation and underlying signaling pathways involved in neuronal differentiation , neurodegeneration , and mitochondrial function .
Differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells was performed using all-trans retinoic acid or staurosporine to obtain cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons .
Exposure of SH-SY5Y cells at 935 MHz , 4 W/kg for 24 h did not alter the neuronal phenotypes quantitatively .
Markers of the signaling pathways investigated , namely @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , extracellular signal-regulated kinases ( Erk ) 1 and 2 ( p-Erk1/2 ) and protein kinase B ( Akt ) , glycogen synthase kinase3 β ( GSK3β ) and Wnt/β-catenin were not significantly affected by RF-EMF compared to sham .
RF-EMF-impaired mitochondrial respiration in cells under glucose deprivation , but glutathione levels and mitochondrial fission and fusion markers were not altered .
These findings indicate that RF-EMF might lead to an impairment of mitochondrial function that is only manifest at maximal respiration and additional stressors such as glucose deprivation .
Further research is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on mitochondrial function in detail because mitochondrial impairment is closely related tothe pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases .

Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) has dramatically increased in the last decades with expanding use of mobile phones worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of RF-EMF on neuronal differentiation and underlying signaling pathways involved in neuronal differentiation, neurodegeneration, and mitochondrial function. Differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells was performed using all-trans retinoic acid or staurosporine to obtain cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons. Exposure of SH-SY5Y cells at 935 MHz, 4 W/kg for 24 h did not alter the neuronal phenotypes quantitatively. Markers of the signaling pathways investigated, namely the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk) 1 and 2 (p-Erk1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase3 β (GSK3β) and Wnt/β-catenin were not significantly affected by RF-EMF compared to sham. RF-EMF-impaired mitochondrial respiration in cells under glucose deprivation, but glutathione levels and mitochondrial fission and fusion markers were not altered. These findings indicate that RF-EMF might lead to an impairment of mitochondrial function that is only manifest at maximal respiration and additional stressors such as glucose deprivation. Further research is needed to investigate the effects of RF-EMF on mitochondrial function in detail because mitochondrial impairment is closely related tothe pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Mobile phone induced cognitive and neurochemical consequences.

With the rapid advances in technology , extensive use of mobile phones has increased the risk of health problems .
@ @ @ @ @ find out the effect of mobile phone frequency on male Wistar rats .
Animals were @ @ @ @ @ n = 6 in each group ) .
Group one was considered as control and @ @ @ @ @ ) was exposed to microwave radiation ( 2100 MHz ) for 4 hours/day ( 5 @ @ @ @ @ .
Exposure of microwave radiation frequency showed significant alterations in cholinesterase activity , muscular strength @ @ @ @ @ .
MWR exposure was also associated with significant alteration in the oxidative defense system and @ @ @ @ @ clearly depicted the neural degeneration .
Thus , it can be concluded that MWR significantly @ @ @ @ @ and may lead to many severe illnesses .
This study may reveal a platform to @ @ @ @ @ can further be used for amendment in current guidelines of mobile radiation .

With the rapid advances in technology, extensive use of mobile phones has increased the risk of health problems. This study was performed to find out the effect of mobile phone frequency on male Wistar rats. Animals were divided into two groups (n = 6 in each group). Group one was considered as control and group two (experimental group) was exposed to microwave radiation (2100 MHz) for 4 hours/day (5 days/week) for 3 months. Exposure of microwave radiation frequency showed significant alterations in cholinesterase activity, muscular strength, learning ability and anxiety. MWR exposure was also associated with significant alteration in the oxidative defense system and hippocampus degeneration. Histopathological observations clearly depicted the neural degeneration. Thus, it can be concluded that MWR significantly affects the central nervous system and may lead to many severe illnesses. This study may reveal a platform to understand its toxic effect and can further be used for amendment in current guidelines of mobile radiation.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Radiofrequency radiation from nearby mobile phone base stations-a case comparison of one low and one

Radiofrequency radiation from nearby mobile phone base stations-a case comparison of one low and one high exposure apartment.

Radiofrequency ( RF ) radiation in the frequency range of 30-300 GHz has , since 2011 , been classified as a 'possible ' human carcinogen by Group 2B , International Agency for Research on Cancer ( IARC ) at WHO .
This was based on a number of human epidemiology studies on increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma .
Based on further human epidemiology studies and animal studies , the evidence on RF radiation carcinogenesis has increased since 2011 .
In previous measurement studies , it has been indicated that high environmental RF radiation levels are present in certain @ @ @ @ @ @ @ one apartment .
Field spatial distribution measurements were performed in the previously measured apartment in Stockholm , which exhibited high RF radiation from nearby base stations .
Based on the RF broadband analyzer spot measurements , the maximum indoor E-field topped at 3 V min the bedroom at the 7th floor .
The maximum outdoor exposure level of 6 V mwas encountered at the 8th floor balcony , located at the same elevation and only 6.16 m away from the base station antennas .
For comparison , a measurement was made in a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , the maximum indoor field 0.52 V mwas measured at the corner window , with direct line of sight to the neighboring house with mobile phone base station antennas .
The maximum outdoor field of 0.75 V mwas measured at the balcony facing the same next-door building with mobile phone base station antennas .
The minimum field of 0.10 V mwas registered on the apartment area closest to the center of the building , demonstrating the shielding effects of the indoor walls .
Good mobile phone reception was achieved in both apartments .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ risky places can not be justified using the good reception requirement argument .

Radiofrequency (RF) radiation in the frequency range of 30-300 GHz has, since 2011, been classified as a 'possible' human carcinogen by Group 2B, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) at WHO. This was based on a number of human epidemiology studies on increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma. Based on further human epidemiology studies and animal studies, the evidence on RF radiation carcinogenesis has increased since 2011. In previous measurement studies, it has been indicated that high environmental RF radiation levels are present in certain areas of Stockholm Sweden, including in one apartment. Field spatial distribution measurements were performed in the previously measured apartment in Stockholm, which exhibited high RF radiation from nearby base stations. Based on the RF broadband analyzer spot measurements, the maximum indoor E-field topped at 3 V min the bedroom at the 7th floor. The maximum outdoor exposure level of 6 V mwas encountered at the 8th floor balcony, located at the same elevation and only 6.16 m away from the base station antennas. For comparison, a measurement was made in a low exposure apartment in Stockholm. Here, the maximum indoor field 0.52 V mwas measured at the corner window, with direct line of sight to the neighboring house with mobile phone base station antennas. The maximum outdoor field of 0.75 V mwas measured at the balcony facing the same next-door building with mobile phone base station antennas. The minimum field of 0.10 V mwas registered on the apartment area closest to the center of the building, demonstrating the shielding effects of the indoor walls. Good mobile phone reception was achieved in both apartments. Therefore, installation of base stations to risky places cannot be justified using the good reception requirement argument.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--A meta-analysis of in vitro exposures to weak radiofrequency radiation exposure from mobile phones (

A meta-analysis of in vitro exposures to weak radiofrequency radiation exposure from mobile phones (1990-2015).

To function , mobile phone systems require transmitters that emit and receive radiofrequency signals over an extended geographical area exposing humans in all stages of development ranging from in-utero , early childhood , adolescents and adults .
This study evaluates the question of the impact of radiofrequency radiation on living organisms in vitro studies .
In this study , we abstract data from 300 peer-reviewed scientific publications ( 1990-2015 ) describing 1127 experimental observations in cell-based in vitro models .
Our first analysis of these data found that out of 746 human cell experiments , 45.3 % indicated cell changes @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( p = 0.001 ) .
Realizing that there are profound distinctions between cell types in terms of age , rate of proliferation and apoptosis , and other characteristics and that RF signals can be characterized in terms of polarity , information content , frequency , Specific Absorption Rate ( SAR ) and power , we further refined our analysis to determine if there were some distinct properties of negative and positive findings associated with these specific characteristics .
We further analyzed the data taking into account the cumulative effect ( SAR× exposure @ @ @ @ @ @ @ absorption of experiments due to radiofrequency exposure , which we believe , has not been fully considered previously .
When the frequency of signals , length and type of exposure , and maturity , rate of growth ( doubling time ) , apoptosis and other properties of individual cell types are considered , our results identify a number of potential non-thermal effects of radiofrequency fields that are restricted to a subset of specific faster-growing less differentiated cell types such as human spermatozoa ( based on 19 reported experiments , p-value = 0.002 ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 89 reported experiments , p-value < 0.0001 ) .
In contrast , for mature , differentiated adult cells of Glia ( p = 0.001 ) and Glioblastoma ( p < 0.0001 ) and adult human blood lymphocytes ( p < 0.0001 ) there are no statistically significant differences for these more slowly reproducing cell lines .
Thus , we show that RF induces significant changes in human cells ( 45.3 % ) , and in faster-growing rat/mouse cell dataset ( 47.3 % ) .
In parallel with this finding , further analysis of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , rabbit , pig , frog , snail ) indicates that most undergo significant changes ( 74.4 % ) when exposed to RF .
This study confirms observations from the REFLEX project , Belyaev and others that cellular response varies with signal properties .
We concur that differentiation of cell type thus constitutes a critical piece of information and should be useful as a reference for many researchers planning additional studies .
Sponsorship bias is also a factor that we did not take into account in this analysis .

To function, mobile phone systems require transmitters that emit and receive radiofrequency signals over an extended geographical area exposing humans in all stages of development ranging from in-utero, early childhood, adolescents and adults. This study evaluates the question of the impact of radiofrequency radiation on living organisms in vitro studies. In this study, we abstract data from 300 peer-reviewed scientific publications (1990-2015) describing 1127 experimental observations in cell-based in vitro models. Our first analysis of these data found that out of 746 human cell experiments, 45.3% indicated cell changes, whereas 54.7% indicated no changes (p = 0.001). Realizing that there are profound distinctions between cell types in terms of age, rate of proliferation and apoptosis, and other characteristics and that RF signals can be characterized in terms of polarity, information content, frequency, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and power, we further refined our analysis to determine if there were some distinct properties of negative and positive findings associated with these specific characteristics. We further analyzed the data taking into account the cumulative effect (SAR× exposure time) to acquire the cumulative energy absorption of experiments due to radiofrequency exposure, which we believe, has not been fully considered previously. When the frequency of signals, length and type of exposure, and maturity, rate of growth (doubling time), apoptosis and other properties of individual cell types are considered, our results identify a number of potential non-thermal effects of radiofrequency fields that are restricted to a subset of specific faster-growing less differentiated cell types such as human spermatozoa (based on 19 reported experiments, p-value = 0.002) and human epithelial cells (based on 89 reported experiments, p-value<0.0001). In contrast, for mature, differentiated adult cells of Glia (p = 0.001) and Glioblastoma (p<0.0001) and adult human blood lymphocytes (p<0.0001) there are no statistically significant differences for these more slowly reproducing cell lines. Thus, we show that RF induces significant changes in human cells (45.3%), and in faster-growing rat/mouse cell dataset (47.3%). In parallel with this finding, further analysis of faster-growing cells from other species (chicken, rabbit, pig, frog, snail) indicates that most undergo significant changes (74.4%) when exposed to RF. This study confirms observations from the REFLEX project, Belyaev and others that cellular response varies with signal properties. We concur that differentiation of cell type thus constitutes a critical piece of information and should be useful as a reference for many researchers planning additional studies. Sponsorship bias is also a factor that we did not take into account in this analysis.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Evidences of the (400 MHz - 3 GHz) radiofrequency electromagnetic field influence on brain tumor ind

Evidences of the (400 MHz - 3 GHz) radiofrequency electromagnetic field influence on brain tumor induction.

Due to the massive increase in non-ionizing radiation emitting devices , the social concern about the possible malignancy to its @ @ @ @ @ interest .
The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection ( ICNIRP ) included the radiofrequency @ @ @ @ @ of mobile phones on the category 2B as 'possibly ' carcinogenic to humans .
Epidemiological @ @ @ @ @ between the exposure to RF-EMF and the incidence of brain neoplasm in different populations , @ @ @ @ @ with the highest specific absorption rate .
The fact that so many of the ipsilateral @ @ @ @ @ with RF-EMF exposure provides weight suggesting causality .
In this way , the higher the @ @ @ @ @ the longer the cumulative exposure ( hours of exposure ) and the longer the latency @ @ @ @ @ ; the greater the risk .
In addition , considering together all of these parameters @ @ @ @ @

Due to the massive increase in non-ionizing radiation emitting devices, the social concern about the possible malignancy to its exposure has increased the research interest. The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) included the radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) of mobile phones on the category 2B as 'possibly' carcinogenic to humans. Epidemiological studies noticed a causal association between the exposure to RF-EMF and the incidence of brain neoplasm in different populations, since this is the organ with the highest specific absorption rate. The fact that so many of the ipsilateral tumors found are statistically significant with RF-EMF exposure provides weight suggesting causality. In this way, the higher the exposure (ipsilateralcontralateral), the longer the cumulative exposure (hours of exposure) and the longer the latency (beyond 10 years); the greater the risk. In addition, considering together all of these parameters suggest a strong causality.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Electromagnetic waves emitted by the mobile simulators with a frequency of 900 MHz can increase bact

Electromagnetic waves emitted by the mobile simulators with a frequency of 900 MHz can increase bacterial resistance in S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa.

Background : The increasing use of telecommunication devices such as Wi-Fi modems and mobile phones in the recent years can change the cellular structure of microorganisms so the generation of electromagnetic waves has led to concern in the community whenever be exposed to these fields and may have harmful effects on human health .
Material and Methods : In this experimental study , standard strains of bacteria were prepared on Mueller-Hinton agar for bacterial growth to obtain 0.5 McFarland turbidity ( 1.5× 10CFU ) of bacteria .
Antibiotic susceptibility test using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was done .
Forand @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The test group was exposed to electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phone simulator with a frequency of 900 MHz and the control group were not exposed .
Results : The results revealed that increasing duration of exposure to electromagnetic waves emitted by the mobile simulators with a frequency of 900 MHz especially after 24 h of exposure , can increase bacterial resistance in .
Conclusion : Several factors can cause bacterial resistance against antibiotics .
One of these factors is the electromagnetic waves emitted from mobile simulator with a frequency of 900 MHz @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the cell wall of bacteria .

Background: The increasing use of telecommunication devices such as Wi-Fi modems and mobile phones in the recent years can change the cellular structure of microorganisms so the generation of electromagnetic waves has led to concern in the community whenever be exposed to these fields and may have harmful effects on human health.
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, standard strains of bacteria were prepared on Mueller-Hinton agar for bacterial growth to obtain 0.5 McFarland turbidity (1.5× 10CFU) of bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility test using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was done. Forand, antibiotics susceptibility test was conducted. The test group was exposed to electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phone simulator with a frequency of 900 MHz and the control group were not exposed.
Results: The results revealed that increasing duration of exposure to electromagnetic waves emitted by the mobile simulators with a frequency of 900 MHz especially after 24 h of exposure, can increase bacterial resistance in.
Conclusion: Several factors can cause bacterial resistance against antibiotics. One of these factors is the electromagnetic waves emitted from mobile simulator with a frequency of 900 MHz, which can increase the permeability of the cell wall of bacteria.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Recurrent pregnancy loss and vitamin D: A review of the literature.

Recurrent pregnancy loss ( RPL ) affects approximately 1 % -2 % of reproductive women .
Auto- and cellular immune responses seem to be associated with RPL .
Vitamin D ( VD ) has been shown to play a role in the modulation of the immune system .
Effects of VD deficiency ( VDD ) in pregnancy have been associated with preeclampsia , gestational diabetes , fetal growth restriction , preterm labor , and sporadic spontaneous abortion ( SA ) .
We systematically reviewed articles that studied women with 2 or more SA and its association with VD .
Eleven @ @ @ @ @ @ @ high prevalence of VD insufficiency ( VDI ) or VDD in women with RPL and suggested that this could be associated with immunological dysregulation and consequently with RPL .
Immunological benefits were reported in the peripheral blood of women with RPL after VD exposure .
Thus , it is possible to speculate a beneficial role for VD supplementation in RPL .
It seems that there are not differences in the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) and CYP27B1 expression in endometrium of women with RPL but , in villous and decidual tissues , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ expression of VDR and , perhaps , a decreased expression of CYP27B1 .
Further randomized controlled studies are required to investigate the association between VDD or VDI and RPL .

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affects approximately 1%-2% of reproductive women. Auto- and cellular immune responses seem to be associated with RPL. Vitamin D (VD) has been shown to play a role in the modulation of the immune system. Effects of VD deficiency (VDD) in pregnancy have been associated with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, and sporadic spontaneous abortion (SA). We systematically reviewed articles that studied women with 2 or more SA and its association with VD. Eleven studies were included. Studies reported a high prevalence of VD insufficiency (VDI) or VDD in women with RPL and suggested that this could be associated with immunological dysregulation and consequently with RPL. Immunological benefits were reported in the peripheral blood of women with RPL after VD exposure. Thus, it is possible to speculate a beneficial role for VD supplementation in RPL. It seems that there are not differences in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1 expression in endometrium of women with RPL but, in villous and decidual tissues, RPL women seem to have a decreased expression of VDR and, perhaps, a decreased expression of CYP27B1. Further randomized controlled studies are required to investigate the association between VDD or VDI and RPL.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Natural Remedies for Taking Care of Your Skin

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greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Aerobic exercise significantly increases the chronic unpredictable mild stress-depressed mice hippoc

Aerobic exercise significantly increases the chronic unpredictable mild stress-depressed mice hippocampus expression of miR-223.

: To investigate the role of aerobic exercise in inhibiting chronic unpredictable mild stress ( CUMS ) depressed mice hippocampal inflammatory response and its potential mechanisms .
: Fifty-four male eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided as control group ( CG ) ( 18 mice ) and model group ( 36 mice ) .
Model group mice were treated with 13 chronic stimulating factors for 28 days to set up the CUMS depression model .
Neurobehavioral assessment was performed after modeling .
The mice in the model group were randomly divided into the control model group ( MG ) and the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with 18mice in each group .
The EG group carried out the adaptive training of the running platform : 10 m/min , 0° slope , and increased by 10 minutes per day for 6 days .
The formal training was carried for 8 weeks with 10 m/min speed , 0° slope , 60 min/d , 6 d/Week .
After the training , a neurobehavioral assessment was performed , and hippocampus IL-1β and IL-10 protein levels were detected by ELISA .
RT-PCR wasused to detect the expression of miR-223 and TLR4 , MyD88 , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ blot was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and phosphorylated NF-κBp65 protein in the hippocampus .
: The hippocampus function of CUMS depression model mice was impaired .
The forced swimming and forced tail suspension time were significantly prolonged , and inflammatory factors IL-1β were significantly increased in the hippocampus .
Aerobic exercise significantly improves CUMS-depressed mice hippocampal function , effectively reducing depressive behavior and IL-1β levels , and increasing IL-10 levels .
Besides , aerobic exercise significantly upregulates the expression level of miR-223 and inhibits the high expression of TLR4 , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ exercise significantly increases the CUMS-depressed mice hippocampus expression of miR-223 , and inhibits the downstream TLR4/MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway and the hippocampal inflammatory response , which contributes to the improvement of the hippocampal function .

: To investigate the role of aerobic exercise in inhibiting chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depressed mice hippocampal inflammatory response and its potential mechanisms.: Fifty-four male eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided as control group (CG) (18 mice) and model group (36 mice). Model group mice were treated with 13 chronic stimulating factors for 28 days to set up the CUMS depression model. Neurobehavioral assessment was performed after modeling. The mice in the model group were randomly divided into the control model group (MG) and the aerobic exercise group (EG), with 18mice in each group. The EG group carried out the adaptive training of the running platform: 10 m/min, 0° slope, and increased by 10 minutes per day for 6 days. The formal training was carried for 8 weeks with 10 m/min speed, 0° slope, 60 min/d, 6 d/Week. After the training, a neurobehavioral assessment was performed, and hippocampus IL-1β and IL-10 protein levels were detected by ELISA. RT-PCR wasused to detect the expression of miR-223 and TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the hippocampus. Western blot was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and phosphorylated NF-κBp65 protein in the hippocampus.: The hippocampus function of CUMS depression model mice was impaired. The forced swimming and forced tail suspension time were significantly prolonged, and inflammatory factors IL-1β were significantly increased in the hippocampus. Aerobic exercise significantly improves CUMS-depressed mice hippocampal function, effectively reducing depressive behavior and IL-1β levels, and increasing IL-10 levels. Besides, aerobic exercise significantly upregulates the expression level of miR-223 and inhibits the high expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB.: Aerobic exercise significantly increases the CUMS-depressed mice hippocampus expression of miR-223, and inhibits the downstream TLR4/MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway and the hippocampal inflammatory response, which contributes to the improvement of the hippocampal function.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Proprioceptive exercise may improve functional capacity, anxiety, and depression in diabetic neuropa

Proprioceptive exercise may improve functional capacity, anxiety, and depression in diabetic neuropathy patients.

BACKGROUND : Diabetic neuropathy ( DN ) is a common and serious complication of diabetes .
DN patients are suffering from anxiety , depression , and impairment of functional capacity .
Rare studies have assessed the effect of proprioceptive exercise training on anxiety , depression , and functional capacity in DN patients .
AIMS : This 2-month prospective study aims to investigate the effect of proprioceptive exercise training on anxiety , depression , and functional capacity in DN patients .
METHODS : Twenty-eight DN patients with a mean age of 53.2 ± 5.5 years were included in this prospective study @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were randomly assigned into two groups , 14 in each group using a random number generator .
The proprioceptive exercise group ( PEG ) received a program of proprioceptive exercise , while the control group ( CG ) received a conventional treatment without exercise intervention .
Berg Balance Scale ( BBS ) , Six-Minute Walk Test ( 6MWT ) , Beck Anxiety Inventory ( BAI ) , and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HDRS ) were investigated before and after 2 months of the study period .
RESULTS : The findings showed a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , BAI , and HDRS in the PEG ( p = 0.003 , p 0.05 ) .
Comparison between the two groups showed significant differences between the two groups in the all outcome measures in favor of the PEG at the end of the 2 months ( BBS , p = 0.032 ; 6MWT , p = 0.001 ; BAI , p = 0.031 ; and HDRS , p = 0.013 ) .
CONCLUSIONS : Two months of proprioceptive exercise may improve functional capacity , anxiety , and depression in DN patients .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ the proprioceptive exercise training among different population , especially DN patients.Key Points • Proprioceptive exercise may improve postural stability in patients with diabetic neuropathy .
• Proprioceptive exercise may improve psychological status and functional capacity in patients with diabetic neuropathy .
• Serious recommendations should be devoted to encouraging the proprioceptive exercise training among diabetic patients .

BACKGROUND: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common and serious complication of diabetes. DN patients are suffering from anxiety, depression, and impairment of functional capacity. Rare studies have assessed the effect of proprioceptive exercise training on anxiety, depression, and functional capacity in DN patients.
AIMS: This 2-month prospective study aims to investigate the effect of proprioceptive exercise training on anxiety, depression, and functional capacity in DN patients.
METHODS: Twenty-eight DN patients with a mean age of 53.2 ± 5.5 years were included in this prospective study between September and December 2019. They were randomly assigned into two groups, 14 in each group using a random number generator. The proprioceptive exercise group (PEG) received a program of proprioceptive exercise, while the control group (CG) received a conventional treatment without exercise intervention. Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were investigated before and after 2 months of the study period.
RESULTS: The findings showed a significant improvement of the BBS, 6MWT, BAI, and HDRS in the PEG (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively) while non-significant changes in the CG (p > 0.05). Comparison between the two groups showed significant differences between the two groups in the all outcome measures in favor of the PEG at the end of the 2 months (BBS, p = 0.032; 6MWT, p = 0.001; BAI, p = 0.031; and HDRS, p = 0.013).
CONCLUSIONS: Two months of proprioceptive exercise may improve functional capacity, anxiety, and depression in DN patients. Serious recommendations should be devoted to encouraging the proprioceptive exercise training among different population, especially DN patients.Key Points• Proprioceptive exercise may improve postural stability in patients with diabetic neuropathy.• Proprioceptive exercise may improve psychological status and functional capacity in patients with diabetic neuropathy.• Serious recommendations should be devoted to encouraging the proprioceptive exercise training among diabetic patients.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Tai Chi is effective in delaying cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

To determine whether Tai Chi ( TC ) is effective in slowing cognitive decline in older populations with mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) , we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ) on Tai Chi and MCI .
We searched eight electronic databases ( PubMed , PsycINFO , Wanfang , Web of Science , MEDLINE , CNKI , EBSCO , and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ) for appropriate RCTs published up to August 2019 .
For those studies included , the data were extracted , methodological quality was evaluated , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Manager software ( version 5.3 ) .
A total of 11 of the studies were available for systematic review , which together included 1061 participants , met the inclusion criteria , and ten of these were included in the meta-analysis .
For most RCTs , the methodological quality was moderate .
The meta-analysis revealed that Tai Chi could significantly improve global cognitive function ; memory and learning ; mental speed and attention ; ideas , abstraction , figural creations , and mental flexibility ; and visuospatial perception .
The present review adds to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ potentially beneficial in improving cognitive functions among elderly people with MCI .
However , strictly designed and well-reported RCTs are required .

To determine whether Tai Chi (TC) is effective in slowing cognitive decline in older populations with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Tai Chi and MCI. We searched eight electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Wanfang, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CNKI, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) for appropriate RCTs published up to August 2019. For those studies included, the data were extracted, methodological quality was evaluated, and then meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software (version 5.3). A total of 11 of the studies were available for systematic review, which together included 1061 participants, met the inclusion criteria, and ten of these were included in the meta-analysis. For most RCTs, the methodological quality was moderate. The meta-analysis revealed that Tai Chi could significantly improve global cognitive function; memory and learning; mental speed and attention; ideas, abstraction, figural creations, and mental flexibility; and visuospatial perception. The present review adds to the evidence showing that Tai Chi is potentially beneficial in improving cognitive functions among elderly people with MCI. However, strictly designed and well-reported RCTs are required.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-06--Effects of Tai Chi on essential hypertension and related risk factors.

BACKGROUND : Physical exercise is an important part of hypertension management .
The impact of different training styles and durations of tai chi on essential hypertension has not been evaluated to date .
OBJECTIVE : To analyse the influence of tai chi on blood pressure and related risk factors in patients with essential hypertension .
METHODS : A systematic review to assess the existing literature on the impact of tai chi in patients with essential hypertension .
Randomized controlled trials were identified in Chinese and English databases to study the impact of tai chi on essential hypertension .
Two reviewers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Qualified trials were selected and their methodological quality critically evaluated .
RESULTS : Thirteen trials were included in the analysis .
Following tai chi there was a significant difference between intervention and control groups with regard to change in systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) ( weighted mean difference ( WMD ) = -6.58 , 95 % confidence interval ( 95 % CI ) ( -8.14 , -5.02 ) , p = 0.005 ) and diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) ( standardized mean difference ( SMD ) = -0.57 , 95 % @ @ @ @ @ @ @ p 12 weeks in all studies .
However , other styles of tai chi did not significantly reduce SBP or DBP after a duration ≤ 12 weeks .
CONCLUSION : Tai chi is an effective physical exercise in treating essential hypertension compared with control interventions .
Different training durations and styles have different effects .
Further randomized controlled trials are needed into the use of tai chi for the treatment and prevention of essential hypertension and other related chronic diseases .

BACKGROUND: Physical exercise is an important part of hypertension management. The impact of different training styles and durations of tai chi on essential hypertension has not been evaluated to date.
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the influence of tai chi on blood pressure and related risk factors in patients with essential hypertension.
METHODS: A systematic review to assess the existing literature on the impact of tai chi in patients with essential hypertension. Randomized controlled trials were identified in Chinese and English databases to study the impact of tai chi on essential hypertension. Two reviewers selected studies independently of each other. Qualified trials were selected and their methodological quality critically evaluated.
RESULTS: Thirteen trials were included in the analysis. Following tai chi there was a significant difference between intervention and control groups with regard to change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -6.58, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (-8.14, -5.02), p = 0.005) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.57, 95% CI (-0.77, -0.37), p < 0.0001). Taking into account the subgroup analyses, the combined results showed that 24-movement or yang-style tai chi significantly reduced both SBP and DBP over a period ≤ 12 weeks or> 12 weeks in all studies. However, other styles of tai chi did not significantly reduce SBP or DBP after a duration ≤ 12 weeks.
CONCLUSION: Tai chi is an effective physical exercise in treating essential hypertension compared with control interventions. Different training durations and styles have different effects. Further randomized controlled trials are needed into the use of tai chi for the treatment and prevention of essential hypertension and other related chronic diseases.