greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Higher neonatal vitamin D concentration may reduce the risk of developing childhood asthma at ages 3

Higher neonatal vitamin D concentration may reduce the risk of developing childhood asthma at ages 3-9 years.

BACKGROUND : low vitamin D status in pregnancy can influence the offspring 's lung function and contribute to childhood asthma development .
The objective of this study was to examine the influence of neonatal vitamin D status on the development of asthma among children age 3-9 years in a large population sample .
METHOD : in a case-cohort study utilizing a Danish biobank and register data we examined the association between neonatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25 ( OH ) D ) concentrations and incidence of asthma among children aged 3-9 years .
Cases of asthma ( = 911 ) were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the Danish National Patient Register from children born between 1992 and 2002 .
The sub-cohort ( = 1423 ) was randomly selected among all children born in the same period .
We used a weighted Cox proportional hazard model assessing the hazard of first asthma diagnoses by quintiles of 25 ( OH ) D. RESULTS : the median 25 ( OH ) D3 ( interquartile range ) for asthma cases was 23 nmol/L ( 14-35 ) and the sub-cohort 25 nmol/L ( 14-40 ) .
The hazard ratio for developing asthma between @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for children in the fifth quintile of neonatal 25 ( OH ) Dcompared to children in the first quintile , both in the unadjusted ( 0.61 95 % CI : 0.46-0.80 ) and adjusted ( 0.55 95 % CI : 0.39-0.77 ) analyses .
CONCLUSION : the results from our study suggest that higher neonatal vitamin D concentration may reduce the risk of developing childhood asthma at ages 3-9 years , indicating that neonatal vitamin D status as a proxy of vitamin D status during the prenatal period is important for normal immune- @ @ @ @

BACKGROUND: low vitamin D status in pregnancy can influence the offspring's lung function and contribute to childhood asthma development. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of neonatal vitamin D status on the development of asthma among children age 3-9 years in a large population sample.
METHOD: in a case-cohort study utilizing a Danish biobank and register data we examined the association between neonatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) concentrations and incidence of asthma among children aged 3-9 years. Cases of asthma (= 911) were randomly selected among all cases of asthma in the Danish National Patient Register from children born between 1992 and 2002. The sub-cohort (= 1423) was randomly selected among all children born in the same period. We used a weighted Cox proportional hazard model assessing the hazard of first asthma diagnoses by quintiles of 25(OH)D.
RESULTS: the median 25(OH)D3 (interquartile range) for asthma cases was 23 nmol/L (14-35) and the sub-cohort 25 nmol/L (14-40). The hazard ratio for developing asthma between ages 3 and 9 years was lower for children in the fifth quintile of neonatal 25(OH)Dcompared to children in the first quintile, both in the unadjusted (0.61 95% CI: 0.46-0.80) and adjusted (0.55 95% CI: 0.39-0.77) analyses.
CONCLUSION: the results from our study suggest that higher neonatal vitamin D concentration may reduce the risk of developing childhood asthma at ages 3-9 years, indicating that neonatal vitamin D status as a proxy of vitamin D status during the prenatal period is important for normal immune- and lung development.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Mindfulness training for emotion dysregulation in multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE : People with multiple sclerosis ( PwMS ) report greater emotion dysregulation , which is associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety , and reduced quality of life .
Given the transdiagnostic significance of emotion dysregulation , the current study was designed to assess the feasibility and treatment effects of mindfulness meditation in reducing emotion dysregulation for PwMS .
METHOD : Sixty-one PwMS were randomized to 1 of 3 groups : 4-week mindfulness-based training ( MBT ) , 4-week adaptive cognitive training ( aCT ) , or a waitlist control group .
Using self-report and behavioral measures , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ emotion dysregulation , use of emotion regulation strategies , experience of negative and positive affect , and overall quality of life .
RESULTS : Mindfulness training was associated with reduced emotion dysregulation compared with the adaptive cognitive training and the waitlist control group ( η² = .20 ) .
Relative to the waitlist group , the MBT group also demonstrated reductions on a composite score of preservative cognition , measuring rumination and worry ( η² = .15 ) .
However , there was no differential use of emotion regulation strategies or between-groups differences @ @ @ @ @ @ @ function of training .
CONCLUSIONS : Our pilot study provides preliminary support for MBT to reduce self-reported emotion dysregulation in PwMS .
Given the widespread prevalence of mental health disturbances in this population , MBT can serve as a promising rehabilitation tool for PwMS ( clinicaltrials.gov # NCT02717429 ) .
( PsycInfo Database Record ( c ) 2020 APA , all rights reserved ) .

OBJECTIVE: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) report greater emotion dysregulation, which is associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety, and reduced quality of life. Given the transdiagnostic significance of emotion dysregulation, the current study was designed to assess the feasibility and treatment effects of mindfulness meditation in reducing emotion dysregulation for PwMS.
METHOD: Sixty-one PwMS were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: 4-week mindfulness-based training (MBT), 4-week adaptive cognitive training (aCT), or a waitlist control group. Using self-report and behavioral measures, we examined the effects of MBT on emotion dysregulation, use of emotion regulation strategies, experience of negative and positive affect, and overall quality of life.
RESULTS: Mindfulness training was associated with reduced emotion dysregulation compared with the adaptive cognitive training and the waitlist control group (η² = .20). Relative to the waitlist group, the MBT group also demonstrated reductions on a composite score of preservative cognition, measuring rumination and worry (η² = .15). However, there was no differential use of emotion regulation strategies or between-groups differences in overall quality of life as a function of training.
CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot study provides preliminary support for MBT to reduce self-reported emotion dysregulation in PwMS. Given the widespread prevalence of mental health disturbances in this population, MBT can serve as a promising rehabilitation tool for PwMS (clinicaltrials.gov # NCT02717429). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--This qualitative analysis demonstrates the multifaceted benefits of tai chi for older adults living

This qualitative analysis demonstrates the multifaceted benefits of tai chi for older adults living with chronic low-back pain.

To determine the perceived benefits ofin older adults with chronic low-back pain ( cLBP ) .A qualitative analysis from a randomized controlled feasibility trial.Eighteen participants ( 65+ years old ) with cLBP of at least moderate intensity.A 36-week intervention beginning with twice weekly classes for 12 weeks , weekly classes for 6 weeks , biweekly classes for 6 weeks , and monthly classes for 12 weeks .
Participants were asked to practice at home on nonclass days and videos were provided to assist in that process.Participants in the focus groups were asked to provide feedback on their experiences with the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ theirpractice .
We used demographic and class attendance data to describe the sample.Regarding the benefits ofpractice , five major themes were identified : functional benefits , pain reduction/pain relief , psychospiritual benefits , the importance of social support in learning , and the integration ofinto daily activities .
The most common functional benefits were improvements in balance , flexibility , leg strength , and posture .
Some reported pain reduction or pain relief , but others did not .
Increased relaxation , mindfulness , and a sense of connectedness were subthemes that emerged @ @ @ @ @ @ @ included motivation to attend class and group support while learning a new skill .
Finally , improved body awareness allowed participants to integrateskills into their daily activities.This qualitative analysis demonstrates the multifaceted benefits offor older adults living with cLBP .

To determine the perceived benefits ofin older adults with chronic low-back pain (cLBP).A qualitative analysis from a randomized controlled feasibility trial.Eighteen participants (65+ years old) with cLBP of at least moderate intensity.A 36-week intervention beginning with twice weekly classes for 12 weeks, weekly classes for 6 weeks, biweekly classes for 6 weeks, and monthly classes for 12 weeks. Participants were asked to practice at home on nonclass days and videos were provided to assist in that process.Participants in the focus groups were asked to provide feedback on their experiences with the study as well as the benefits of theirpractice. We used demographic and class attendance data to describe the sample.Regarding the benefits ofpractice, five major themes were identified: functional benefits, pain reduction/pain relief, psychospiritual benefits, the importance of social support in learning, and the integration ofinto daily activities. The most common functional benefits were improvements in balance, flexibility, leg strength, and posture. Some reported pain reduction or pain relief, but others did not. Increased relaxation, mindfulness, and a sense of connectedness were subthemes that emerged from psychospiritual benefits. Social support benefits included motivation to attend class and group support while learning a new skill. Finally, improved body awareness allowed participants to integrateskills into their daily activities.This qualitative analysis demonstrates the multifaceted benefits offor older adults living with cLBP.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--An integrative review of yoga and mindfulness-based approaches for children and adolescents with ast

An integrative review of yoga and mindfulness-based approaches for children and adolescents with asthma.

PROBLEM : Asthma affects almost 15 % of children in the United States .
Despite the availability of treatments and educational methods , children with asthma continue to report an impaired quality of life , including symptoms of anxiety and inability to participate in physical activity .
As complementary health approaches are becoming more popular and show promise in the management of many chronic diseases , the purpose of this integrative review is to examine the state of the science regarding popular complementary health approaches- yoga and mindfulness- for children and adolescents with asthma .
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA : A comprehensive @ @ @ @ @ @ @ articles was performed to identify experimental and non-experimental studies .
The search for each database was performed from the inception of each to January 2020 and limited to the English language .
The search included terminology that addressed the concepts of '' asthma '' , '' yoga '' and '' mindfulness '' .
SAMPLE : A total of eleven articles met the criteria for review from the years 1991 to 2019 .
RESULTS : Nine publications focused on the use of yoga in children and adolescents with asthma and two publications focused on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ : Interventions involving either mindfulness or yoga may be effective in reducing stress and anxiety and improving quality of life and lung function in this population .
IMPLICATIONS : Mindfulness intervention studies in the pediatric and adolescent asthma population are warranted as are additional studies that include the use of yoga with skills in mindfulness in order to evaluate their physiological and psychological effects .

PROBLEM: Asthma affects almost 15% of children in the United States. Despite the availability of treatments and educational methods, children with asthma continue to report an impaired quality of life, including symptoms of anxiety and inability to participate in physical activity. As complementary health approaches are becoming more popular and show promise in the management of many chronic diseases, the purpose of this integrative review is to examine the state of the science regarding popular complementary health approaches- yoga and mindfulness- for children and adolescents with asthma.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: A comprehensive search of five databases for peer reviewed articles was performed to identify experimental and non-experimental studies. The search for each database was performed from the inception of each to January 2020 and limited to the English language. The search included terminology that addressed the concepts of"asthma","yoga"and"mindfulness".
SAMPLE: A total of eleven articles met the criteria for review from the years 1991 to 2019.
RESULTS: Nine publications focused on the use of yoga in children and adolescents with asthma and two publications focused on mindfulness in adolescents with asthma.
CONCLUSIONS: Interventions involving either mindfulness or yoga may be effective in reducing stress and anxiety and improving quality of life and lung function in this population.
IMPLICATIONS: Mindfulness intervention studies in the pediatric and adolescent asthma population are warranted as are additional studies that include the use of yoga with skills in mindfulness in order to evaluate their physiological and psychological effects.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--This review suggests that yoga may play a role as an adjuvant in the management of various cardiovas

This review suggests that yoga may play a role as an adjuvant in the management of various cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors.

Cardiovascular diseases ( CVDs ) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels .
CVDs are the @ @ @ @ @ .
Though yoga is gaining popularity as a therapy , especially in CVD patients , @ @ @ @ @ a comprehensive review reporting its role in the management of various CVDs and their risk @ @ @ @ @ performed a comprehensive literature search in the PubMed/Medline electronic database .
An aggregate of 603 @ @ @ @ @ screened and 85 articles that are applicable were reported .
This review suggests that yoga @ @ @ @ @ an adjuvant in the management of various CVDs and their risk factors .
However , @ @ @ @ @ sample size , different types and durations of the yoga interventions , and did not @ @ @ @ @ behind the improvements .
Thus , further studies are warranted to explore the mechanisms of @ @ @ @ @

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. CVDs are the leading cause of deaths worldwide. Though yoga is gaining popularity as a therapy, especially in CVD patients, there is a lack of a comprehensive review reporting its role in the management of various CVDs and their risk factors. Thus, we performed a comprehensive literature search in the PubMed/Medline electronic database. An aggregate of 603 articles published from inception were screened and 85 articles that are applicable were reported. This review suggests that yoga may play a role as an adjuvant in the management of various CVDs and their risk factors. However, many studies had a small sample size, different types and durations of the yoga interventions, and did not provide the details of mechanisms behind the improvements. Thus, further studies are warranted to explore the mechanisms of the impacts of yoga.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Yoga and mindfulness as a tool for influencing affectivity, anxiety, mental health, and stress among

Yoga and mindfulness as a tool for influencing affectivity, anxiety, mental health, and stress among healthcare workers.

Mindfulness-based interventions have emerged as unique approaches for addressing a range of clinical and subclinical difficulties such as stress , chronic pain , anxiety , or recurrent depression .
Moreover , there is strong evidence about the positive effects of yoga practice on stress management and prevention of burnout among healthcare workers .
The aim of this study was to conduct a single-arm clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of an intervention based on mindfulness-based stress reduction and yoga in improving healthcare workers ' quality of life .
Healthcare workers of two hospitals in Rome were enrolled in a 4-week @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were administered at different times ( Short Form-12 ( SF-12 ) , State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) Y1 and Y2 , and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ( PANAS ) ) to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention .
Forty participants took part to the study ( 83.3 % ) .
The Mental Composite Score-12 , that is part of the quality of life assessment , passed from a median of 43.5 preintervention to 48.1 postintervention ( = 0.041 ) , and the negative affect passed from a score of 16 in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( < 0.001 ) .
Both the forms of the STAI questionnaires showed a decrease after the intervention .
Yoga and mindfulness administered together seem to be effective to reduce stress and anxiety in healthcare workers , providing them with more consciousness and ability to manage work stressful demands .

Mindfulness-based interventions have emerged as unique approaches for addressing a range of clinical and subclinical difficulties such as stress, chronic pain, anxiety, or recurrent depression. Moreover, there is strong evidence about the positive effects of yoga practice on stress management and prevention of burnout among healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to conduct a single-arm clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of an intervention based on mindfulness-based stress reduction and yoga in improving healthcare workers' quality of life. Healthcare workers of two hospitals in Rome were enrolled in a 4-week yoga and mindfulness course. Four questionnaires were administered at different times (Short Form-12 (SF-12), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Y1 and Y2, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)) to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention. Forty participants took part to the study (83.3 %). The Mental Composite Score-12, that is part of the quality of life assessment, passed from a median of 43.5 preintervention to 48.1 postintervention (= 0.041), and the negative affect passed from a score of 16 in the preintervention to 10 in the postintervention (<0.001). Both the forms of the STAI questionnaires showed a decrease after the intervention. Yoga and mindfulness administered together seem to be effective to reduce stress and anxiety in healthcare workers, providing them with more consciousness and ability to manage work stressful demands.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Black Mulberry Leaf May Improve Menopausal Symptoms

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This website is for information purposes only. By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing, treating, curing, mitigating, or preventing any type of disease or medical condition. Before beginning any type of natural, integrative or conventional treatment regimen, it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional.
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greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Yoga in school sports improves functioning of autonomic nervous system in young adults.

BACKGROUND : Yoga in school is a beneficial tool to promote the good health and well-being of students by changing the way they react to stress .
The positive effects of yoga-taught in schools-on children , youth and young adults have been demonstrated in former studies using mostly subjective psychometric data .
AIM : The present trial aims to evaluate the potential effects of yoga on autonomic regulation in young adults by analyzing heart rate variability ( HRV ) .
METHODS : This study is a non-randomized , explorative , two-arm-pilot study with an active control group .
Fourteen healthy @ @ @ @ @ @ @ yoga program ( 90 min once a week ) in school and were compared to a control group of 11 students who participated in conventional school sports ( 90 min once a week over 10 weeks ) .
24-hour electrocardiograms ( ECGs ) were recorded at baseline and following the 10-week intervention .
From 20-minute of nocturnal sleep phases , HRV parameters were calculated from linear ( time and frequency domain ) and nonlinear dynamics ( such as symbolic dynamics and Poincaré plot analysis ) .
Analyses of variance ( ANOVA ) followed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ statistical significance and effect size were used to compare pre-post-intervention for the two groups .
RESULTS : The statistical analysis of the interaction effects did not reveal a significant group and time interaction for the individual nocturnal HRV indices .
Almost all indices revealed medium and large effects regarding the time main effects .
The changes in the HRV indices following the intervention were more dramatic for the yoga group than for the control group which is reflected in predominantly higher significances and stronger effect sizes in the yoga group .
CONCLUSION : @ @ @ @ @ @ @ increase of HRV ( more parasympathetic dominance and overall higher HRV ) after ten weeks of yoga in school in comparison to regular school sports was demonstrated , showing an improved self-regulation of the autonomic nervous system .

BACKGROUND: Yoga in school is a beneficial tool to promote the good health and well-being of students by changing the way they react to stress. The positive effects of yoga-taught in schools-on children, youth and young adults have been demonstrated in former studies using mostly subjective psychometric data.
AIM: The present trial aims to evaluate the potential effects of yoga on autonomic regulation in young adults by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV).
METHODS: This study is a non-randomized, explorative, two-arm-pilot study with an active control group. Fourteen healthy young adults took part in a 10-week yoga program (90 min once a week) in school and were compared to a control group of 11 students who participated in conventional school sports (90 min once a week over 10 weeks). 24-hour electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded at baseline and following the 10-week intervention. From 20-minute of nocturnal sleep phases, HRV parameters were calculated from linear (time and frequency domain) and nonlinear dynamics (such as symbolic dynamics and Poincaré plot analysis). Analyses of variance (ANOVA) followed by t-tests as post-hoc tests estimating both statistical significance and effect size were used to compare pre-post-intervention for the two groups.
RESULTS: The statistical analysis of the interaction effects did not reveal a significant group and time interaction for the individual nocturnal HRV indices. Almost all indices revealed medium and large effects regarding the time main effects. The changes in the HRV indices following the intervention were more dramatic for the yoga group than for the control group which is reflected in predominantly higher significances and stronger effect sizes in the yoga group.
CONCLUSION: In this explorative pilot trial, an increase of HRV (more parasympathetic dominance and overall higher HRV) after ten weeks of yoga in school in comparison to regular school sports was demonstrated, showing an improved self-regulation of the autonomic nervous system.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Regular mindful yoga practice can be a useful complementary therapeutic option for women with polycy

Regular mindful yoga practice can be a useful complementary therapeutic option for women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background : Holistic approaches are needed to complement existing therapies for polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) , a common disorder affecting the health of reproductive-aged females .
Objective : To determine whether thrice-weekly mindful yoga practice improves endocrine , cardiometabolic , or psychological parameters in women with PCOS .
Methods : Thirty-one women with PCOS between the ages of 23 and 42 years and living in Erie County , Pennsylvania , were recruited for this randomized , controlled study arm , which was part of a larger 3-part investigation .
Women were randomly assigned to either a mindful yoga @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) group .
Group classes were 1 hour , thrice weekly .
Initial endocrine , cardiometabolic , and psychological measurements were compared with measurements taken after the 3-month intervention period .
Measurements included free testosterone , dehydroepiandrosterone , androstenedione , body mass index , waist-to-hip ratio , fasting blood glucose and insulin levels , and anxiety and depression scores .
Results : Twenty-two women completed the 3-month intervention period , 13 in the mindful yoga group and 9 in the control group .
Paired comparisons of pre- and postintervention parameters indicated that women @ @ @ @ @ @ @ significantly lower free testosterone levels ( 5.96 vs 4.24 pg/mL ; P Conclusion : The improvements observed suggest that regular mindful yoga practice can be a useful complementary therapeutic option for women with PCOS , particularly for improving serum androgen levels , a hallmark feature of PCOS .
This improvement occurred in the absence of weight loss and may persist even if there is a lapse in practice .
( ClinicalTrials.gov No .
NCT03383484 ) .

Background: Holistic approaches are needed to complement existing therapies for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common disorder affecting the health of reproductive-aged females.
Objective: To determine whether thrice-weekly mindful yoga practice improves endocrine, cardiometabolic, or psychological parameters in women with PCOS.
Methods: Thirty-one women with PCOS between the ages of 23 and 42 years and living in Erie County, Pennsylvania, were recruited for this randomized, controlled study arm, which was part of a larger 3-part investigation. Women were randomly assigned to either a mindful yoga intervention group or no intervention (control) group. Group classes were 1 hour, thrice weekly. Initial endocrine, cardiometabolic, and psychological measurements were compared with measurements taken after the 3-month intervention period. Measurements included free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and anxiety and depression scores.
Results: Twenty-two women completed the 3-month intervention period, 13 in the mindful yoga group and 9 in the control group. Paired comparisons of pre- and postintervention parameters indicated that women who completed the mindful yoga intervention had significantly lower free testosterone levels (5.96 vs 4.24 pg/mL; P<.05) and dehydroepiandrosterone levels that trended lower. Improved testosterone may persist for several months after completion of a 3-month, thrice-weekly mindful yoga intervention. Additionally, improvements were seen in measures of anxiety and depression.
Conclusion: The improvements observed suggest that regular mindful yoga practice can be a useful complementary therapeutic option for women with PCOS, particularly for improving serum androgen levels, a hallmark feature of PCOS. This improvement occurred in the absence of weight loss and may persist even if there is a lapse in practice. (ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT03383484).


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Yoga-based lifestyle treatment and composite treatment goals in Type 2 Diabetes in a rural South Ind

Yoga-based lifestyle treatment and composite treatment goals in Type 2 Diabetes in a rural South Indian setup- a retrospective study.

This multicentre retrospective study examined the effects of adjunct yoga-treatment in achieving composite cardiovascular goals for type 2 diabetes ( @ @ @ @ @ by the American Diabetes Association ( ADA ) in rural Indian settings .
Records were @ @ @ @ @ , aged≥20-70 years , and treated under the '' Apollo Total Health Programme '' for @ @ @ @ @ the period April 2016 to November 2016 .
The study cohort comprised of two treatment @ @ @ @ @ each ) ; non-yoga group ( standard of care ) and yoga group ( adjunct @ @ @ @ @ matching was applied between the study groups to define the cohort .
Composite cardiovascular scores @ @ @ @ @ of individual ADA goals ; A1c

This multicentre retrospective study examined the effects of adjunct yoga-treatment in achieving composite cardiovascular goals for type 2 diabetes (T2D), set forth by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) in rural Indian settings. Records were extracted for 146 T2D patients, aged≥20-70 years, and treated under the"Apollo Total Health Programme"for rural diabetes management, for the period April 2016 to November 2016. The study cohort comprised of two treatment groups (n = 73 each); non-yoga group (standard of care) and yoga group (adjunct yoga-treatment). Propensity score matching was applied between the study groups to define the cohort. Composite cardiovascular scores were based on the combination of individual ADA goals; A1c < 7%, blood pressure (BP) < 140/90 mmHg, stringent BP (<130/80 mmHg) and lipid, LDL-C < 100 mg/dl [risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease]. Logistic regression was used to compare between the two treatment groups. Compared to standard of care, adjunct yoga-treatment was found to significantly facilitate the attainment of ADA composite score by 8-fold; A1c, ~2-fold; LDL-C, ~2-fold; BP < 140/90 mmHg and<130/80 mmHg by ~8-and ~6-fold respectively. This study provides the first evidence for significant efficacy of adjunct yoga-treatment for the attainment of favourable treatment goals for T2D in rural Indian settings. Clinical Trial Registration Number: CTRI/2020/02/0232790.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Yoga may be an effective intervention for PTSD in addition to standard treatments.

OBJECTIVE : Although yoga shows promise as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) , there are few randomized controlled trials that demonstrate significant benefits for individuals with PTSD .
The present study addresses this need by comparing the effects of a holistic yoga program ( HYP ) to that of a wellness lifestyle program ( WLP ) on PTSD symptom severity with a randomized clinical trial .
METHOD : The sample consisted of 209 participants ( 91.4 % veterans ; 66 % male ; 61.7 % White ) who met diagnostic criteria for PTSD at baseline .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the 2 weekly interventions for 16 weeks .
The HYP consisted of yoga instruction , while the WLP consisted of didactics , discussions , and walking .
PTSD severity was measured using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale ( CAPS-5 ) and the PTSD Checklist ( PCL-5 ) .
RESULTS : Analyses revealed that the HYP reduced PTSD severity measured by the CAPS-5 significantly more than the WLP at treatment end ( mean difference = -5.4 , effect size = 0.46 , CONCLUSION : Yoga may be an effective intervention for PTSD in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ trials should consider adding a social component to interventions or booster classes to maintain effects long term .
( PsycInfo Database Record ( c ) 2020 APA , all rights reserved ) .

OBJECTIVE: Although yoga shows promise as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there are few randomized controlled trials that demonstrate significant benefits for individuals with PTSD. The present study addresses this need by comparing the effects of a holistic yoga program (HYP) to that of a wellness lifestyle program (WLP) on PTSD symptom severity with a randomized clinical trial.
METHOD: The sample consisted of 209 participants (91.4% veterans; 66% male; 61.7% White) who met diagnostic criteria for PTSD at baseline. Participants were randomly assigned to attend one of the 2 weekly interventions for 16 weeks. The HYP consisted of yoga instruction, while the WLP consisted of didactics, discussions, and walking. PTSD severity was measured using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) and the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5).
RESULTS: Analyses revealed that the HYP reduced PTSD severity measured by the CAPS-5 significantly more than the WLP at treatment end (mean difference = -5.4, effect size = 0.46,<.001), but not at 7-month follow up (mean difference = -0.9,= .603). Similarly, the HYP reduced PTSD severity measured by the PCL-5 significantly more than the WLP at treatment end (difference = -6.0,= .001), but not at 7-month follow up (mean difference = -1.0,= .682).
CONCLUSION: Yoga may be an effective intervention for PTSD in addition to standard treatments. Future yoga trials should consider adding a social component to interventions or booster classes to maintain effects long term. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Exercises like Aerobics, Zumba dance and yoga are other interventions that can bring about a fall in

Exercises like Aerobics, Zumba dance and yoga are other interventions that can bring about a fall in hypertension.

Aim : This study aims at comparing the effect of Yoga , Zumba dance , and Aerobic exercises in controlling @ @ @ @ @ population without using hypertensive drugs .
Objective : This study is designed to analyze the @ @ @ @ @ , and Aerobics in controlling blood pressure among the Indian population and to determine which @ @ @ @ @ to treat hypertension without using hypertensive drugs .
Background : Hypertension is a disease which @ @ @ @ @ among children and adolescents and has been found that regular exercise tends to reduce the @ @ @ @ @ in a very effective way among which the effects of aerobics exercise on reducing high @ @ @ @ @ had been more convincing that regular aerobics exercise reduces the blood pressure by > 1.5 @ @

Aim: This study aims at comparing the effect of Yoga, Zumba dance, and Aerobic exercises in controlling blood pressure among the Indian population without using hypertensive drugs.
Objective: This study is designed to analyze the effect of Yoga, Zumba, and Aerobics in controlling blood pressure among the Indian population and to determine which of the three is better to treat hypertension without using hypertensive drugs.
Background: Hypertension is a disease which is nowadays most commonly seen among children and adolescents and has been found that regular exercise tends to reduce the levels of high blood pressure in a very effective way among which the effects of aerobics exercise on reducing high blood pressure in hypertensive patients had been more convincing that regular aerobics exercise reduces the blood pressure by>1.5 mmHg.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Effects of alternate nostril breathing exercise on respiratory functions in healthy young adults lea

Effects of alternate nostril breathing exercise on respiratory functions in healthy young adults leading stressful lifestyle.

Alternate nostril breathing ( ANB ) is one of the best and easiest breathing exercises ( pranayama ) of yoga that are good for health and physical fitness .
ANB exercise has beneficial and therapeutic effects on respiratory function in both normal as well as diseased humans .
This study was conducted with the objective of assessing the physiological effects of short-term ANB exercise on respiratory function in healthy adult individuals leading a stressful life .
This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology , Chittagong Medical College ( CMC ) , Chattogram , Bangladesh from July @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of 100 participants aged 18-20 years , studying in the first year in CMC , were included by using a simple random sampling method .
Among them , 50 participants were enrolled in the experimental group .
Age- and BMI-matched 50 participants constituted the control group .
Height , weight were measured , and BMI was calculated .
The participants of the experimental group performed ANB exercise over 4 weeks for 10 min/day .
The control participants were neither trained nor allowed to practice nostril breathing during the whole study period .
Respiratory @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) , forced expiratory volume in 1st second ( FEV ) , and peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) were measured by using a digital spirometer ( Chest graph HI-101 , Japan ) .
Readings were taken in a healthy upright sitting posture in the control and experimental group initially and after 4 weeks .
Student's-test was conducted by using SPSS for windows version-23 .
The mean value of FVC , FEV , PEFR were significantly ( P < 0.001 ) changed after the ANB exercise when compared to the values before @ @ @ @ @ @ @ study suggest that respiratory function is significantly improved after the ANB exercise .
Therefore , ANB can be recommended for increasing respiratory efficiency .

Alternate nostril breathing (ANB) is one of the best and easiest breathing exercises (pranayama) of yoga that are good for health and physical fitness. ANB exercise has beneficial and therapeutic effects on respiratory function in both normal as well as diseased humans. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing the physiological effects of short-term ANB exercise on respiratory function in healthy adult individuals leading a stressful life. This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Chittagong Medical College (CMC), Chattogram, Bangladesh from July 2017 to June 2018. A total of 100 participants aged 18-20 years, studying in the first year in CMC, were included by using a simple random sampling method. Among them, 50 participants were enrolled in the experimental group. Age- and BMI-matched 50 participants constituted the control group. Height, weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. The participants of the experimental group performed ANB exercise over 4 weeks for 10 min/day. The control participants were neither trained nor allowed to practice nostril breathing during the whole study period. Respiratory parameters like forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1st second (FEV), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured by using a digital spirometer (Chest graph HI-101, Japan). Readings were taken in a healthy upright sitting posture in the control and experimental group initially and after 4 weeks. Student's-test was conducted by using SPSS for windows version-23. The mean value of FVC, FEV, PEFR were significantly (P<0.001) changed after the ANB exercise when compared to the values before breathing exercise. The results of this study suggest that respiratory function is significantly improved after the ANB exercise. Therefore, ANB can be recommended for increasing respiratory efficiency.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Effect of yoga therapy on disease activity, inflammatory markers, and heart rate variability in pati

Effect of yoga therapy on disease activity, inflammatory markers, and heart rate variability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease .
Antirheumatoid treatment reduces disease activity and inflammation , but not all patients respond to treatment .
Autonomic dysfunction is common in RA leading to frequent cardiovascular complications .
Yoga therapy may be useful in these patients , but there are little data on the effect of yoga on disease activity , inflammatory markers , and heart rate variability ( HRV ) .This study assessed the effect of 12-week yoga therapy on disease activity , inflammatory markers , and HRV in patients with RA.This randomized control trial was conducted on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ at the Department of Clinical Immunology , JIPMER .
One hundred and sixty-six participants were randomized into two groups : the control group ( CG ) ( = 83 ) and yoga group ( YG ) ( = 83 ) .
Yoga therapy was administered to participants in the YG for 12 weeks , along with standard medical treatment .
The CG received only standard medical treatment .
Primary outcomes were disease activity score 28 , interleukin-1α ( IL-1α ) , IL-6 , tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) , cortisol , andHRV @ @ @ @ @ @ @ baseline and after 12 weeks.Disease activity significantly decreased in both groups after 12 weeks , but it was reduced more in YG , which was statistically significant (

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Antirheumatoid treatment reduces disease activity and inflammation, but not all patients respond to treatment. Autonomic dysfunction is common in RA leading to frequent cardiovascular complications. Yoga therapy may be useful in these patients, but there are little data on the effect of yoga on disease activity, inflammatory markers, and heart rate variability (HRV).This study assessed the effect of 12-week yoga therapy on disease activity, inflammatory markers, and HRV in patients with RA.This randomized control trial was conducted on newly diagnosed RA patients attending outpatient services at the Department of Clinical Immunology, JIPMER. One hundred and sixty-six participants were randomized into two groups: the control group (CG) ( = 83) and yoga group (YG) ( = 83). Yoga therapy was administered to participants in the YG for 12 weeks, along with standard medical treatment. The CG received only standard medical treatment. Primary outcomes were disease activity score 28, interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cortisol, andHRV parameters. All parameters were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks.Disease activity significantly decreased in both groups after 12 weeks, but it was reduced more in YG, which was statistically significant ( < 0.05). In both YG and CG, IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α, and cortisol decreased after 12 weeks, but IL-1α and cortisol decreased more significantly in YG than in CG. Low-frequency component expressed as normalized unit (LFnu) and the low-frequency/high-frequency (LF-HF) ratio decreased significantly, andtotal power and HF component expressed as normalized unit (HFnu) increased significantly in the YG compared with CG.Twelve-week yoga therapy, if given along with standard medical treatment, significantly reduces disease activity and improves sympathovagal balance in RA patients.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--The effect of yoga on sleep quality and insomnia in women with sleep problems.

BACKGROUND : To examine the effectiveness and safety of yoga of women with sleep problems by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis .
METHODS : Medline/PubMed , ClinicalKey , ScienceDirect , Embase , PsycINFO , and the Cochrane Library were searched throughout the month of June , 2019 .
Randomized controlled trials comparing yoga groups with control groups in women with sleep problems were included .
Two reviewers independently evaluated risk of bias by using the risk of bias tool suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration for programming and conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses .
The main outcome measure was sleep @ @ @ @ @ @ @ which was measured using subjective instruments , such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI ) , Insomnia Severity Index ( ISI ) , or objective instruments such as polysomnography , actigraphy , and safety of the intervention .
For each outcome , a standardized mean difference ( SMD ) and confidence intervals ( CIs ) of 95 % were determined .
RESULTS : Nineteen studies in this systematic review included 1832 participants .
The meta-analysis of the combined data conducted according to Comprehensive Meta-Analysis showed a significant improvement in sleep ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ CI = - 0.506 to - 0.148 , P DISCUSSION : This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that yoga intervention in women can be beneficial when compared to non-active control conditions in term of managing sleep problems .
The moderator analyses suggest that participants in the non-breast cancer subgroup and participants in the non-peri/postmenopausal subgroup were associated with greater benefits , with a direct correlation of total class time with quality of sleep among other related benefits .

BACKGROUND: To examine the effectiveness and safety of yoga of women with sleep problems by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS: Medline/PubMed, ClinicalKey, ScienceDirect, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched throughout the month of June, 2019. Randomized controlled trials comparing yoga groups with control groups in women with sleep problems were included. Two reviewers independently evaluated risk of bias by using the risk of bias tool suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration for programming and conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The main outcome measure was sleep quality or the severity of insomnia, which was measured using subjective instruments, such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), or objective instruments such as polysomnography, actigraphy, and safety of the intervention. For each outcome, a standardized mean difference (SMD) and confidence intervals (CIs) of 95% were determined.
RESULTS: Nineteen studies in this systematic review included 1832 participants. The meta-analysis of the combined data conducted according to Comprehensive Meta-Analysis showed a significant improvement in sleep (SMD = - 0.327, 95% CI = - 0.506 to - 0.148, P < 0.001). Meta-analyses revealed positive effects of yoga using PSQI scores in 16 randomized control trials (RCTs), compared with the control group in improving sleep quality among women using PSQI (SMD = - 0.54; 95% CI = - 0.89 to - 0.19; P = 0.003). However, three RCTs revealedno effects of yoga compared to the control group in reducing insomnia among women using ISI (SMD = - 0.13; 95% CI = - 0.74 to 0.48; P = 0.69). Seven RCTs revealed no evidence for effects of yoga compared with the control group in improving sleep quality for women with breast cancer using PSQI (SMD = - 0.15; 95% CI = - 0.31 to 0.01; P = 0.5). Four RCTs revealed no evidence for the effects of yoga compared with the control group in improving the sleep quality for peri/postmenopausal women using PSQI (SMD = - 0.31; 95% CI = - 0.95 to 0.33; P = 0.34). Yoga was not associated with any serious adverse events.
DISCUSSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that yoga intervention in women can be beneficial when compared to non-active control conditions in term of managing sleep problems. The moderator analyses suggest that participants in the non-breast cancer subgroup and participants in the non-peri/postmenopausal subgroup were associated with greater benefits, with a direct correlation of total class time with quality of sleep among other related benefits.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Results suggest yoga may be beneficial as a component of treatment for both fatigue and depression i

Background : Mind-body approaches , particularly yoga , are used by cancer survivors to cope with treatment-related symptoms .
Consistency of yoga-related effects on treatment-related symptoms are not known .
This meta-analysis was designed to examine effects of yoga on pre- to postintervention improvements in fatigue among cancer patients .
Methods : andwere searched for peer-reviewed articles of yoga randomized controlled trials including cancer survivors and reporting at least one fatigue measure .
Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria ( n = 1828 patients ) .
Effect sizes ( Hedge 's ) were calculated for fatigue , depression , and quality @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were tested as moderators of outcomes .
All statistical tests were two-sided .
Results : Yoga practice was associated with a small , statistically significant decrease in fatigue ( g=0.45 , = .013 ) .
Yoga type was a statistically significant moderator of this relationship ( =.02 ) .
Yoga was associated with a moderate decrease in depression ( g=0.72 , = .007 ) but was not associated with statistically significant changes in quality of life ( = .48 ) .
Session length was a statistically significant moderator of the relationship between yoga @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Neither timing of treatment ( during treatment vs posttreatment ) nor clinical characteristics were statistically significant moderators of the effects of yoga on outcomes .
The effect of yoga on fatigue and depression was larger when the comparator was a '' waitlist '' or '' usual care '' than when the control group was another active treatment ( = .036 ) .
Conclusions : Results suggest yoga may be beneficial as a component of treatment for both fatigue and depression in cancer survivors .

Background: Mind-body approaches, particularly yoga, are used by cancer survivors to cope with treatment-related symptoms. Consistency of yoga-related effects on treatment-related symptoms are not known. This meta-analysis was designed to examine effects of yoga on pre- to postintervention improvements in fatigue among cancer patients.
Methods: andwere searched for peer-reviewed articles of yoga randomized controlled trials including cancer survivors and reporting at least one fatigue measure. Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria (n = 1828 patients). Effect sizes (Hedge's) were calculated for fatigue, depression, and quality of life. Patient-related and intervention-related characteristics were tested as moderators of outcomes. All statistical tests were two-sided.
Results: Yoga practice was associated with a small, statistically significant decrease in fatigue (g=0.45, = .013). Yoga type was a statistically significant moderator of this relationship (=.02). Yoga was associated with a moderate decrease in depression (g=0.72, = .007) but was not associated with statistically significant changes in quality of life ( = .48). Session length was a statistically significant moderator of the relationship between yoga and depression ( = .004). Neither timing of treatment (during treatment vs posttreatment) nor clinical characteristics were statistically significant moderators of the effects of yoga on outcomes. The effect of yoga on fatigue and depression was larger when the comparator was a"waitlist"or"usual care"than when the control group was another active treatment ( = .036).
Conclusions: Results suggest yoga may be beneficial as a component of treatment for both fatigue and depression in cancer survivors.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Yoga could be an adjuvant to medical therapy that improves headache frequency, intensity, impact, an

Yoga could be an adjuvant to medical therapy that improves headache frequency, intensity, impact, and disability.

OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the effectiveness of yoga as an adjuvant to conventional medical management on clinical outcomes in patients with migraine .
METHODS : CONTAIN was a prospective , randomized , open-label superiority trial with blinded endpoint assessment carried out at a single tertiary care academic hospital in New Delhi , India .
Patients enrolled were aged 18-50 years with a diagnosis of episodic migraine and were randomized into medical and yoga groups ( 1:1 ) .
Randomization was computer-generated with a variable block size and concealed .
A predesigned yoga intervention was given for 3 months .
Outcomes @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The primary endpoint was a decrease in headache frequency , headache intensity , and Headache Impact Test ( HIT ) -6 score .
Secondary outcomes included change in Migraine Disability Assessment ( MIDAS ) score , pill count , and proportion of headache free patients .
RESULTS : Between April 2017 and August 2018 , 160 patients with episodic migraine were randomly assigned to medical and yoga groups .
A total of 114 patients completed the trial .
Baseline measures were comparable except for a higher mean headache frequency in the yoga group @ @ @ @ @ @ @ yoga group showed a significant mean delta value reduction in headache frequency ( delta difference 3.53 [ 95 % confidence interval 2.52-4.54 ] ; < 0.0001 ) , headache intensity ( 1.31 [ 0.60-2.01 ] ; = 0.0004 ) , HIT score ( 8.0 [ 4.78-11.22 ] ; < 0.0001 ) , MIDAS score ( 7.85 [ 4.98-10.97 ] ; < 0.0001 ) , and pill count ( 2.28 [ 1.06-3.51 ] ; < 0.0003 ) .
CONCLUSION : Yoga as an add-on therapy in migraine is superior to medical therapy alone .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ cost-effective and safe intervention like yoga into the management of migraine .
CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE : This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with episodic migraine , yoga as adjuvant to medical therapy improves headache frequency , intensity , impact , and disability .

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of yoga as an adjuvant to conventional medical management on clinical outcomes in patients with migraine.
METHODS: CONTAIN was a prospective, randomized, open-label superiority trial with blinded endpoint assessment carried out at a single tertiary care academic hospital in New Delhi, India. Patients enrolled were aged 18-50 years with a diagnosis of episodic migraine and were randomized into medical and yoga groups (1:1). Randomization was computer-generated with a variable block size and concealed. A predesigned yoga intervention was given for 3 months. Outcomes were recorded by a blinded assessor. The primary endpoint was a decrease in headache frequency, headache intensity, and Headache Impact Test (HIT)-6 score. Secondary outcomes included change in Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) score, pill count, and proportion of headache free patients.
RESULTS: Between April 2017 and August 2018, 160 patients with episodic migraine were randomly assigned to medical and yoga groups. A total of 114 patients completed the trial. Baseline measures were comparable except for a higher mean headache frequency in the yoga group. Compared to medical therapy, the yoga group showed a significant mean delta value reduction in headache frequency (delta difference 3.53 [95% confidence interval 2.52-4.54];<0.0001), headache intensity (1.31 [0.60-2.01];= 0.0004), HIT score (8.0 [4.78-11.22];<0.0001), MIDAS score (7.85 [4.98-10.97];<0.0001), and pill count (2.28 [1.06-3.51];<0.0003).
CONCLUSION: Yoga as an add-on therapy in migraine is superior to medical therapy alone. It may be useful to integrate a cost-effective and safe intervention like yoga into the management of migraine.
CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: CTRI/2017/03/008041.
CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with episodic migraine, yoga as adjuvant to medical therapy improves headache frequency, intensity, impact, and disability.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Yoga is a simple exercise for patients with multiple sclerosis that is capable of decreasing fatigue

Yoga is a simple exercise for patients with multiple sclerosis that is capable of decreasing fatigue in these patients.

BACKGROUND : The impact of yoga on the quality of life and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis ( MS ) has shown various results in different reports .
As a result , performing a systematic review and meta-analysis to guide physicians and patients seems necessary .
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of yoga intervention on the quality of life and fatigue in patients with MS .
METHOD : The present study was designed based on PRISMA guidelines from their inception until October 2019 .
Two researchers independently performed all steps .
We searched several @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Scopus , Science Direct , Cochrane Library , PsycINFO , Web of Science , CINAHL , CAM-Quest , CAMbase , IndMED and Google Scholar search engine .
The data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software Ver .
2 , while P RESULTS : Overall , 693 patients with MS ( yoga ( n = 209 ) , exercise ( n = 298 ) , control ( n = 186 ) groups ) were examined in ten randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ) .
According to this meta-analysis , the effect of yoga intervention @ @ @ @ @ @ @ significantly better compared to the typical MS care group [ SMD = -0.872 ; 95 % CI : -1.467 to -0.277 , p = 0.004 ] , and did not show significant difference compared to the exercise group [ SMD = -0.093 ; 95 % CI : -0.353 to 0.167 , p = 0.482 ] .
The effect of yoga intervention on the overall quality of life ( compared to the typical MS care group : [ SMD = 0.710 ; 95 % CI : -0.172 to 1.592 , p = 0.114 ] @ @ @ @ @ @ @ : [ SMD = -0.453 ; 95 % CI : -0.233 to 1.138 , p = 0.195 ] ) , physical component ( compared to the typical MS care group : [ SMD = 0.281 ; 95 % CI : -0.157 to 0.719 , p = 0.209 ] , and compared to the exercise group : [ SMD = 0.074 ; 95 % CI : -0.125 to 0.273 , p = 0.467 ] ) , psychological component ( compared to the typical MS care group : [ SMD = 0.250 ; 95 % @ @ @ @ @ @ @ p = 0.199 ] , and compared to the exercise group : [ SMD = - 0.270 ; 95 % CI : -0.813 to 0.272 , p = 0.329 ] ) , sexual function ( compared to the typical MS care group : [ SMD = 0.438 ; 95 % CI : -0.350 to 1.226 , p = 0.276 ] ) , and cognitive function ( compared to the typical MS care group : [ SMD = -0.390 ; 95 % CI : -0.008 to 0.789 , p = 0.055 ] ) in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ CONCLUSION : Yoga is a simple exercise for patients with MS that is capable of decreasing fatigue in these patients .

BACKGROUND: The impact of yoga on the quality of life and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has shown various results in different reports. As a result, performing a systematic review and meta-analysis to guide physicians and patients seems necessary. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of yoga intervention on the quality of life and fatigue in patients with MS.
METHOD: The present study was designed based on PRISMA guidelines from their inception until October 2019. Two researchers independently performed all steps. We searched several international online databases such as PubMed/Medilne, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, CAM-Quest, CAMbase, IndMED and Google Scholar search engine. The data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software Ver. 2, while P < 0.05 was considered significant. The protocol of this meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO with number identifier: CRD42019127168.
RESULTS: Overall, 693 patients with MS (yoga (n = 209), exercise (n = 298), control (n = 186) groups) were examined in ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs). According to this meta-analysis, the effect of yoga intervention on fatigue in patients with MS was significantly better compared to the typical MS care group [SMD = -0.872; 95%CI: -1.467 to -0.277, p = 0.004], and did not show significant difference compared to the exercise group [SMD = -0.093; 95%CI: -0.353 to 0.167, p = 0.482]. The effect of yoga intervention on the overall quality of life (compared to the typical MS care group: [SMD = 0.710; 95%CI: -0.172 to 1.592, p = 0.114], and compared to the exercise group: [SMD = -0.453; 95%CI: -0.233 to 1.138, p = 0.195]), physical component (compared to the typical MS care group: [SMD = 0.281; 95%CI: -0.157 to 0.719, p = 0.209], and compared to the exercise group: [SMD = 0.074; 95%CI: -0.125 to 0.273,p = 0.467]), psychological component (compared to the typical MS care group: [SMD = 0.250; 95% CI: - 0.132 to 0.631, p = 0.199], and compared to the exercise group: [SMD = - 0.270; 95%CI: -0.813 to 0.272, p = 0.329]), sexual function (compared to the typical MS care group: [SMD = 0.438; 95%CI: -0.350 to 1.226, p = 0.276]), and cognitive function (compared to the typical MS care group: [SMD = -0.390; 95%CI: -0.008 to 0.789, p = 0.055]) in patients with MS was not significant.
CONCLUSION: Yoga is a simple exercise for patients with MS that is capable of decreasing fatigue in these patients.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Bill Gates' Plan to Vaccinate the World

Bill Gates' Plan to Vaccinate the World

In January of 2010 , Bill and Melinda Gates announced a $ 10 billion pledge to usher in a decade @ @ @ @ @ from an unalloyed good , the truth is that this attempt to reorient the global @ @ @ @ @ a much bigger agenda .
An agenda that would ultimately lead to greater profits for @ @ @ @ @ control for the Gates Foundation over the field of global health , and greater power @ @ @ @ @ the course of the future for billions of people around the planet .
Please support @ @ @ @ @ Report is a donation only media outlet .
You can show your support for as @ @ @ @ @ day .
Support their work here .
Take a stand for health freedom by joining @ @ @ @ @ , letting your voice be heard !
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-- at the upcoming www.the5Gsummit.com

Visit our Re-post guidelines This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2020
In January of 2010, Bill and Melinda Gates announced a $10 billion pledge to usher in a decade of vaccines. But far from an unalloyed good, the truth is that this attempt to reorient the global health economy was part of a much bigger agenda. An agenda that would ultimately lead to greater profits for big pharma companies, greater control for the Gates Foundation over the field of global health, and greater power for Bill Gates to shape the course of the future for billions of people around the planet.
Please support independent journalism. The Corbett Report is a donation only media outlet. You can show your support for as little as $1 a day. Support their work here.
Take a stand for health freedom by joining www.Standforhealthfreedom.com and taking an action, letting your voice be heard!
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greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Acute physical activity enhances executive functions in children with ADHD.

Acute physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity has been shown to improve cognitive functions in children .
However , the empirical evidence associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) in children is still limited , in particular regarding which specific cognitive functions benefit .
This study investigated the effects of an acute bout of physical activity on multiple aspects of executive functions ( inhibition , switching , and visual working memory ) in children with ADHD .
Forty-six children ( 8-12 years old ; 82.6 % boys ) were randomly assigned to either 15 minutes of acute @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) or to a control condition ( sedentary ) .
Executive function performance in inhibition , switching and visual working memory were assessed before and after each condition , using a modified version of both the Flanker and the ColorSpan Backwards Task .
The results revealed that participants in the exergaming group performed significantly faster than those in the control group in terms of both inhibition and switching , but there was no significant difference in the accuracy of the two tasks nor in visual working memory performance .
These findings suggest that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ potential to improve specific aspects of executive functions ( reaction times in inhibition and switching ) in children with ADHD .

Acute physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity has been shown to improve cognitive functions in children. However, the empirical evidence associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children is still limited, in particular regarding which specific cognitive functions benefit. This study investigated the effects of an acute bout of physical activity on multiple aspects of executive functions (inhibition, switching, and visual working memory) in children with ADHD. Forty-six children (8-12 years old; 82.6% boys) were randomly assigned to either 15 minutes of acute exergaming (physical activity of moderate intensity) or to a control condition (sedentary). Executive function performance in inhibition, switching and visual working memory were assessed before and after each condition, using a modified version of both the Flanker and the ColorSpan Backwards Task. The results revealed that participants in the exergaming group performed significantly faster than those in the control group in terms of both inhibition and switching, but there was no significant difference in the accuracy of the two tasks nor in visual working memory performance. These findings suggest that acute physical activity utilizing exergaming has the potential to improve specific aspects of executive functions (reaction times in inhibition and switching) in children with ADHD.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--These results suggest that hesperidin can prevent exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations.

Intensive training and exhausting exercise can disrupt innate and acquired immunity .
The flavanone hesperidin has shown immunomodulatory properties in physiological and some pathological conditions , and positive effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress .
Nevertheless , it remains uncertain whether it also prevents exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations .
The aim of this study was to establish the effect of oral hesperidin supplementation on the systemic immune system in rats following an intensive training and exhausting exercise .
For this purpose , female Wistar rats were randomized into an intensive training group or a sedentary group .
Intensive training was induced @ @ @ @ @ @ @ per week ( including two exhausting tests ) for five weeks .
Throughout the training period , 200 mg/kg of hesperidin or vehicle was administered by oral gavage three times per week .
At the end , blood , thymus , spleen and macrophages were collected before , immediately after and 24 h after an additional final exhaustion test .
Hesperidin supplementation enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity and the proportion of phagocytic monocytes , attenuated the secretion of cytokines by stimulated macrophages , prevented the leukocytosis induced by exhaustion and increased the proportion @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , blood and spleen .
These results suggest that hesperidin can prevent exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations .

Intensive training and exhausting exercise can disrupt innate and acquired immunity. The flavanone hesperidin has shown immunomodulatory properties in physiological and some pathological conditions, and positive effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether it also prevents exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of oral hesperidin supplementation on the systemic immune system in rats following an intensive training and exhausting exercise. For this purpose, female Wistar rats were randomized into an intensive training group or a sedentary group. Intensive training was induced by running in a treadmill 5 days per week (including two exhausting tests) for five weeks. Throughout the training period, 200 mg/kg of hesperidin or vehicle was administered by oral gavage three times per week. At the end, blood, thymus, spleen and macrophages were collected before, immediately after and 24 h after an additional final exhaustion test. Hesperidin supplementation enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity and the proportion of phagocytic monocytes, attenuated the secretion of cytokines by stimulated macrophages, prevented the leukocytosis induced by exhaustion and increased the proportion of T helper cells in the thymus, blood and spleen. These results suggest that hesperidin can prevent exhausting exercise-induced immune alterations.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--It is recommended that exercise should be as vigorously promoted as social distancing itself.

To reduce the spread of COVID-19 , the World Health Organization and the majority of governments have recommended that the @ @ @ @ @ ' .
A significant proportion of the population live alone or are vulnerable to mental @ @ @ @ @ the vast majority of cases , individuals in social isolation have no access to mental @ @ @ @ @ is people themselves using self-help , self-medication and self-care .
During prolonged COVID-19 isolation , @ @ @ @ @ can help rebalance activity , thought and feeling .
Increased physical activity enables a reset @ @ @ @ @ .
During periods of lockdown , it is recommended that exercise should be as vigorously @ @ @ @ @ .

To reduce the spread of COVID-19, the World Health Organization and the majority of governments have recommended that the entire human population should 'stay-at-home'. A significant proportion of the population live alone or are vulnerable to mental health problems yet, in the vast majority of cases, individuals in social isolation have no access to mental healthcare. The only resource is people themselves using self-help, self-medication and self-care. During prolonged COVID-19 isolation, an in-built system of homeostasis can help rebalance activity, thought and feeling. Increased physical activity enables a reset of physical and mental well-being. During periods of lockdown, it is recommended that exercise should be as vigorously promoted as social distancing itself.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Indoor isolation, stress and physical inactivity: vicious circles accelerated by Covid-19?

The Covid-19 epidemic necessitates the application of strict isolation strategies to curb virus spreading .
Isolation of individuals in combination @ @ @ @ @ quarantine and stigma , as well as with potential ( mis ) information overload ( @ @ @ @ @ however , causes chronic stress and is associated with a burden on mental health , @ @ @ @ @ and depression .
It is well understood that chronic stress is a major modulator of @ @ @ @ @ of infection .

The Covid-19 epidemic necessitates the application of strict isolation strategies to curb virus spreading. Isolation of individuals in combination with fear of contagion, quarantine and stigma, as well as with potential (mis)information overload ("infodemic"), however, causes chronic stress and is associated with a burden on mental health, posing risk factors for anxiety and depression. It is well understood that chronic stress is a major modulator of immunityand thus directly influences probability of infection.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Attention improves during physical exercise in individuals with ADHD.

The present study examined the effects of physical exercise on attentional processes in individuals diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) , compared to healthy controls .
Unlike previous studies typically comparing performance on baseline measures with post-exercise performance , this study examined the effects of physical exercise on attention while participants were engaged in a continuous performance task .
Fourteen individuals diagnosed with ADHD ( 71 % females , mean age = 24.8 ) and 17 controls ( 76 % females , mean age = 22.6 ) completed the Conners Continuous Auditory Test of Attention ( CATA @ @ @ @ @ @ @ twice , at baseline in a sitting position and while walking on the treadmill at a speed of 5 km/h .
The order of administration was counterbalanced for each group .
A 2× 2 ANOVA with repeated measures detected a group by activity interaction on several measures of the CATA .
Specifically , compared to baseline , the ADHD group demonstrated faster reaction times during physical exercise ( 25.4 ms faster ) and decreased omission errors ( 1.5 % better ) , whereas controls showed the opposite pattern ( 15.9 ms slower and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Importantly , the ADHD group 's overall relatively lower performance on these measures was only evident in the resting condition , attaining scores similar to controls during exercise .
These results suggest a possibly hypoactiveattentional system in ADHD that could potentially be enhanced by arousal through engagement in physical exercise .

The present study examined the effects of physical exercise on attentional processes in individuals diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), compared to healthy controls. Unlike previous studies typically comparing performance on baseline measures with post-exercise performance, this study examined the effects of physical exercise on attention while participants were engaged in a continuous performance task. Fourteen individuals diagnosed with ADHD (71% females, mean age = 24.8) and 17 controls (76% females, mean age = 22.6) completed the Conners Continuous Auditory Test of Attention (CATA). All participants completed the test twice, at baseline in a sitting position and while walking on the treadmill at a speed of 5 km/h. The order of administration was counterbalanced for each group. A 2× 2 ANOVA with repeated measures detected a group by activity interaction on several measures of the CATA. Specifically, compared to baseline, the ADHD group demonstrated faster reaction times during physical exercise (25.4 ms faster) and decreased omission errors (1.5% better), whereas controls showed the opposite pattern (15.9 ms slower and 0.88% worse, respectively). Importantly, the ADHD group's overall relatively lower performance on these measures was only evident in the resting condition, attaining scores similar to controls during exercise. These results suggest a possibly hypoactiveattentional system in ADHD that could potentially be enhanced by arousal through engagement in physical exercise.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Physical exercise in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - evidence and implications for the tr

Physical exercise in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - evidence and implications for the treatment of borderline personality disorder.

A growing body of literature indicates a potential role for physical exercise in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder @ @ @ @ @ effects include the reduction of ADHD core symptoms as well as improvements in executive functions @ @ @ @ @ , we provide a short overview on the neurophysiological mechanisms assumed to underlie the beneficial @ @ @ @ @ , we review the current evidence from experimental studies regarding both acute exercise and long-term @ @ @ @ @ the positive effects observed after acute aerobic exercise are promising , very few well-designed long-term @ @ @ @ @ yet .
Moreover , although exercise effects have not yet been studied in borderline personality @ @ @ @ @ in the end of this paper we derive hypotheses why exercise could also be beneficial @ @ @ @ @

A growing body of literature indicates a potential role for physical exercise in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Suggested effects include the reduction of ADHD core symptoms as well as improvements in executive functions. In the current review, we provide a short overview on the neurophysiological mechanisms assumed to underlie the beneficial effects of exercise. Further, we review the current evidence from experimental studies regarding both acute exercise and long-term interventions in ADHD. While the positive effects observed after acute aerobic exercise are promising, very few well-designed long-term intervention studies have been conducted yet. Moreover, although exercise effects have not yet been studied in borderline personality disorder (BPD), in the end of this paper we derive hypotheses why exercise could also be beneficial for this patient population.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Impact of physical exercise on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.

BACKGROUND : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) which is characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of attention , hyperactivity and impulsivity , is considered as the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood .
Physical exercise has shown to have several benefits in the improvement of children with ADHD .
In this meta-analysis , we aimed to systematically show , with evidence , the impact of physical exercise on children with ADHD .
METHODS : Web of Science , MEDLINE , EMBASE , Google Scholar , Cochrane Central and https : //www.ClinicalTrials.gov were the searched sources for studies which were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on children with ADHD .
Relevant endpoints were assessed .
This evidence based meta-analysis was carried out by the most relevant RevMan 5.3 software .
Due to the involvement of continuous data ( mean and standard deviation ) , weight mean difference ( WMD ) with 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) were used to represent the final analysis .
A significant level of P≤ .05 was set and a fixed statistical effect model was used throughout the analysis .
RESULTS : Fourteen studies with a total number of 574 participants with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ meta-analysis .
Two hundred and seventy six ( 276 ) participants were assigned to the physical activity group whereas 298 participants were assigned to the control group .
Results of this analysis showed that anxiety and depression were significantly improved with physical activity in these children with ADHD ( WMD : -1.84 ; 95 % CI : [ -2.65 - ( -1.03 ) ] , P = .00001 ) .
Hyperactive/impulsive symptoms ( WMD : -0.01 ; 95 % CI : [ -0.32 - 0.29 ] , P = .93 ) and inattention @ @ @ @ @ @ @ % CI : [ -0.51 - 0.08 ] , P = .15 ) were also improved with physical exercise but the results were not statistically significant .
This evidence based analysis showed thought problems ( WMD : -3.49 ; 95 % CI : [ -5.51 - ( -1.47 ) ] , P = .0007 ) , social problems ( WMD : -5.08 ; 95 % CI : [ -7.34 - ( -2.82 ) ] , P = .0001 ) , and aggressive behaviors ( WMD : -3.90 ; 95 % CI : [ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ P = .02 ) to have significantly been improved in participants with ADHD who were assigned to physical activity group .
CONCLUSIONS : This current meta-analysis showed with evidence , that physical exercise has a major contribution owing to significant improvement in anxiety and depression , aggressive behaviors , thought and social problems among children suffering from ADHD .
Therefore , physical exercise should be incorporated in the daily life of children with ADHD .
Further future research should be able to confirm this hypothesis .

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which is characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, is considered as the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. Physical exercise has shown to have several benefits in the improvement of children with ADHD. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to systematically show, with evidence, the impact of physical exercise on children with ADHD.
METHODS: Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central and https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov were the searched sources for studies which were based on the impact of physical exercise on children with ADHD. Relevant endpoints were assessed. This evidence based meta-analysis was carried out by the most relevant RevMan 5.3 software. Due to the involvement of continuous data (mean and standard deviation), weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to represent the final analysis. A significant level of P≤ .05 was set and a fixed statistical effect model was used throughout the analysis.
RESULTS: Fourteen studies with a total number of 574 participants with ADHD were included in this evidenced based meta-analysis. Two hundred and seventy six (276) participants were assigned to the physical activity group whereas 298 participants were assigned to the control group. Results of this analysis showed that anxiety and depression were significantly improved with physical activity in these children with ADHD (WMD: -1.84; 95% CI: [-2.65 - (-1.03)], P = .00001). Hyperactive/impulsive symptoms (WMD: -0.01; 95% CI: [-0.32 - 0.29], P = .93) and inattention symptoms (WMD: -0.22; 95% CI: [-0.51 - 0.08], P = .15) were also improved with physical exercise but the results were not statistically significant. This evidence based analysis showed thought problems (WMD: -3.49; 95% CI: [-5.51 - (-1.47)], P = .0007), social problems (WMD: -5.08; 95% CI: [-7.34 - (-2.82)], P = .0001), and aggressive behaviors (WMD: -3.90; 95% CI: [-7.10 - (-0.70)], P = .02) to have significantly been improved in participants with ADHD who were assigned to physical activity group.
CONCLUSIONS: This current meta-analysis showed with evidence, that physical exercise has a major contribution owing to significant improvement in anxiety and depression, aggressive behaviors, thought and social problems among children suffering from ADHD. Therefore, physical exercise should be incorporated in the daily life of children with ADHD. Further future research should be able to confirm this hypothesis.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--A systematic review of acute exercise as a coadjuvant treatment of ADHD in young people.

BACKGROUND : There are studies that show preliminary evidence of the benefits of physical exercise for people with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) .
The objective of the research being reported here was to carry out a systematic review of articles relating to the effects that exercise sessions have on children and adolescents with this pathology .
METHOD : The total sample of studies considered was 1,723 , of which only 11 met the eligibility criteria .
RESULTS : The research included in this review showed that children with ADHD undertaking exercise experienced improvements in their characteristic symptoms @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in comparison to other sedentary tasks such as watching a video .
Five minutes of jumping or thirty minutes on a treadmill or static bicycle were enough to produce appreciable improvements in inhibitory control or in cognitive and executive functions .
Benefits following exercise were also seen in other aspects such as reaction times and preparation for response , motor skills or brain activity .
CONCLUSION : The findings make us optimistic that in the future physical exercise may become an alternative , or at least an effective complement , to the pharmacological @ @ @ @ @ @ @

BACKGROUND: There are studies that show preliminary evidence of the benefits of physical exercise for people with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The objective of the research being reported here was to carry out a systematic review of articles relating to the effects that exercise sessions have on children and adolescents with this pathology.
METHOD: The total sample of studies considered was 1,723, of which only 11 met the eligibility criteria.
RESULTS: The research included in this review showed that children with ADHD undertaking exercise experienced improvements in their characteristic symptoms, mainly attention deficit and hyperactivity, in comparison to other sedentary tasks such as watching a video. Five minutes of jumping or thirty minutes on a treadmill or static bicycle were enough to produce appreciable improvements in inhibitory control or in cognitive and executive functions. Benefits following exercise were also seen in other aspects such as reaction times and preparation for response, motor skills or brain activity.
CONCLUSION: The findings make us optimistic that in the future physical exercise may become an alternative, or at least an effective complement, to the pharmacological treatments currently used for this pathology.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-08--Physical activity, sleep and neuropsychiatric symptom severity in children with tourette syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to examine associations between physical activity , sleep and symptom severity in children with @ @ @ @ @ tic disorders wore the GeneActiv device , a wrist-worn accelerometer that measures physical activity intensity @ @ @ @ @ seven days , and completed questionnaires on sleep quality , exercise and severity of tics @ @ @ @ @ , anxiety and depression .
110 children participated in the study .
Children with more @ @ @ @ @ frequent comorbid diagnoses , greater impairment in subjective sleep measures , greater sedentary activity time @ @ @ @ @ and vigorous activity time ( all p

The purpose of this study was to examine associations between physical activity, sleep and symptom severity in children with tic disorders. Children with tic disorders wore the GeneActiv device, a wrist-worn accelerometer that measures physical activity intensity and sleep/wake parameters continuously for seven days, and completed questionnaires on sleep quality, exercise and severity of tics, ADHD, obsessive-compulsive behaviours, anxiety and depression. 110 children participated in the study. Children with more severe tics had significantly more frequent comorbid diagnoses, greater impairment in subjective sleep measures, greater sedentary activity time and less light, moderate and vigorous activity time (all p < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between light, moderate and vigorous physical activity and the severity of tics (- 0.22, p = 0.04), obsessive compulsive behaviours (- 0.22, p = 0.03), anxiety (- 0.35, p = 0.0005) and depression (- 0.23, p = 0.03). Therewas no correlation between objective sleep time, sleep efficiency and symptom severity. Subjective sleep quality was positively correlated with all symptom severity measures, with the strongest correlation with ADHD severity (0.42, p < 0.00001). The results of this observational study indicate a small, but significant relationship between activity and sleep measures and the severity of the main symptom domains present in tic disorders.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-09--Breathing exercises may have some positive effects on quality of life, hyperventilation symptoms, an

BACKGROUND : Breathing exercises have been widely used worldwide as a non-pharmacological therapy to treat people with asthma .
Breathing exercises aim to control the symptoms of asthma and can be performed as the Papworth Method , the Buteyko breathing technique , yogic breathing , deep diaphragmatic breathing or any other similar intervention that manipulates the breathing pattern .
The training of breathing usually focuses on tidal and minute volume and encourages relaxation , exercise at home , the modification of breathing pattern , nasal breathing , holding of breath , lower rib cage and abdominal breathing .
OBJECTIVES : @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of breathing exercises in the management of people with asthma .
SEARCH METHODS : To identify relevant studies we searched The Cochrane Library , MEDLINE , Embase , PsycINFO , CINAHL and AMED and performed handsearching of respiratory journals and meeting abstracts .
We also consulted trials registers and reference lists of included articles .
The most recent literature search was on 4 April 2019 .
SELECTION CRITERIA : We included randomised controlled trials of breathing exercises in adults with asthma compared with a control group receiving asthma education or , alternatively , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS : Two review authors independently assessed study quality and extracted data .
We used Review Manager 5 software for data analysis based on the random-effects model .
We expressed continuous outcomes as mean differences ( MDs ) with confidence intervals ( CIs ) of 95 % .
We assessed heterogeneity by inspecting the forest plots .
We applied the Chitest , with a P value of 0.10 indicating statistical significance , and the Istatistic , with a value greater than 50 % representing a substantial level of heterogeneity .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ MAIN RESULTS : We included nine new studies ( 1910 participants ) in this update , resulting in a total of 22 studies involving 2880 participants in the review .
Fourteen studies used Yoga as the intervention , four studies involved breathing retraining , one the Buteyko method , one the Buteyko method and pranayama , one the Papworth method and one deep diaphragmatic breathing .
The studies were different from one another in terms of type of breathing exercise performed , number of participants enrolled , number of sessions completed , period @ @ @ @ @ @ @ presentation of data .
Asthma severity in participants from the included studies ranged from mild to moderate , and the samples consisted solely of outpatients .
Twenty studies compared breathing exercise with inactive control , and two with asthma education control groups .
Meta-analysis was possible for the primary outcome quality of life and the secondary outcomes asthma symptoms , hyperventilation symptoms , and some lung function variables .
Assessment of risk of bias was impaired by incomplete reporting of methodological aspects of most of the included studies .
We did not include @ @ @ @ @ @ @ review .
Breathing exercises versus inactive control For quality of life , measured by the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire ( AQLQ ) , meta-analysis showed improvement favouring the breathing exercises group at three months ( MD 0.42 , 95 % CI 0.17 to 0.68 ; 4 studies , 974 participants ; moderate-certainty evidence ) , and at six months the OR was 1.34 for the proportion of people with at least 0.5 unit improvement in AQLQ , ( 95 % CI 0.97 to 1.86 ; 1 study , 655 participants ) .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Asthma Control Questionnaire ( ACQ ) , meta-analysis at up to three months was inconclusive , MD of -0.15 units ( 95 % CI -2.32 to 2.02 ; 1 study , 115 participants ; low-certainty evidence ) , and was similar over six months ( MD -0.08 units , 95 % CI -0.22 to 0.07 ; 1 study , 449 participants ) .
For hyperventilation symptoms , measured by the Nijmegen Questionnaire ( from four to six months ) , meta-analysis showed less symptoms with breathing exercises ( MD -3.22 , 95 % @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , 118 participants ; moderate-certainty evidence ) , but this was not shown at six months ( MD 0.63 , 95 % CI -0.90 to 2.17 ; 2 studies , 521 participants ) .
Meta-analyses for forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( FEV1 ) measured at up to three months was inconclusive , MD -0.10 L , ( 95 % CI -0.32 to 0.12 ; 4 studies , 252 participants ; very low-certainty evidence ) .
However , for FEV % of predicted , an improvement was observed in favour of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , 95 % CI 5.03 to 8.73 ; five studies , 618 participants ) .
Breathing exercises versus asthma education For quality of life , one study measuring AQLQ was inconclusive up to three months ( MD 0.04 , 95 % CI -0.26 to 0.34 ; 1 study , 183 participants ) .
When assessed from four to six months , the results favoured breathing exercises ( MD 0.38 , 95 % CI 0.08 to 0.68 ; 1 study , 183 participants ) .
Hyperventilation symptoms measured by the Nijmegen Questionnaire were inconclusive @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , 95 % CI -3.23 to 0.75 ; 1 study , 183 participants ) , but favoured breathing exercises from four to six months ( MD -3.16 , 95 % CI -5.35 to -0.97 ; 1 study , 183 participants ) .
AUTHORS ' CONCLUSIONS : Breathing exercises may have some positive effects on quality of life , hyperventilation symptoms , and lung function .
Due to some methodological differences among included studies and studies with poor methodology , the quality of evidence for the measured outcomes ranged from moderate to very low @ @ @ @ @ @ @ addition , further studies including full descriptions of treatment methods and outcome measurements are required .

BACKGROUND: Breathing exercises have been widely used worldwide as a non-pharmacological therapy to treat people with asthma. Breathing exercises aim to control the symptoms of asthma and can be performed as the Papworth Method, the Buteyko breathing technique, yogic breathing, deep diaphragmatic breathing or any other similar intervention that manipulates the breathing pattern. The training of breathing usually focuses on tidal and minute volume and encourages relaxation, exercise at home, the modification of breathing pattern, nasal breathing, holding of breath, lower rib cage and abdominal breathing.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the evidence for the efficacy of breathing exercises in the management of people with asthma.
SEARCH METHODS: To identify relevant studies we searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and AMED and performed handsearching of respiratory journals and meeting abstracts. We also consulted trials registers and reference lists of included articles. The most recent literature search was on 4 April 2019.
SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials of breathing exercises in adults with asthma compared with a control group receiving asthma education or, alternatively, with no active control group.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed study quality and extracted data. We used Review Manager 5 software for data analysis based on the random-effects model. We expressed continuous outcomes as mean differences (MDs) with confidence intervals (CIs) of 95%. We assessed heterogeneity by inspecting the forest plots. We applied the Chitest, with a P value of 0.10 indicating statistical significance, and the Istatistic, with a value greater than 50% representing a substantial level of heterogeneity. The primary outcome was quality of life.
MAIN RESULTS: We included nine new studies (1910 participants) in this update, resulting in a total of 22 studies involving 2880 participants in the review. Fourteen studies used Yoga as the intervention, four studies involved breathing retraining, one the Buteyko method, one the Buteyko method and pranayama, one the Papworth method and one deep diaphragmatic breathing. The studies were different from one another in terms of type of breathing exercise performed, number of participants enrolled, number of sessions completed, period of follow-up, outcomes reported and statistical presentation of data. Asthma severity in participants from the included studies ranged from mild to moderate, and the samples consisted solely of outpatients. Twenty studies compared breathing exercise with inactive control, and two with asthma education control groups. Meta-analysis was possible for the primary outcome quality of life and the secondary outcomes asthma symptoms, hyperventilation symptoms, and some lung function variables. Assessment of risk of bias was impaired by incomplete reporting of methodological aspects of most of the included studies. We did not include adverse effects as an outcome in the review. Breathing exercises versus inactive control For quality of life, measured by the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), meta-analysis showed improvement favouring the breathing exercises group at three months (MD 0.42, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.68; 4 studies, 974 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), and at six months the OR was 1.34 for the proportion of people with at least 0.5 unit improvement in AQLQ, (95% CI 0.97 to 1.86; 1 study, 655 participants). For asthma symptoms, measured by the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), meta-analysis at up to three months was inconclusive, MD of -0.15 units (95% CI -2.32 to 2.02; 1 study, 115 participants; low-certainty evidence), and was similar over six months (MD -0.08 units, 95% CI -0.22 to 0.07; 1 study, 449 participants). For hyperventilation symptoms, measured by the Nijmegen Questionnaire (from four to six months), meta-analysis showed less symptoms with breathing exercises (MD -3.22, 95% CI -6.31 to -0.13; 2 studies, 118 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), but this was not shown at six months (MD 0.63, 95% CI -0.90 to 2.17; 2 studies, 521 participants). Meta-analyses for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) measured at up to three months was inconclusive, MD -0.10 L, (95% CI -0.32 to 0.12; 4 studies, 252 participants; very low-certainty evidence). However, for FEV% of predicted, an improvement was observed in favour of the breathing exercise group (MD 6.88%, 95% CI 5.03 to 8.73; five studies, 618 participants). Breathing exercises versus asthma education For quality of life, one study measuring AQLQ was inconclusive up to three months (MD 0.04, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.34; 1 study, 183 participants). When assessed from four to six months, the results favoured breathing exercises (MD 0.38, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.68; 1 study, 183 participants). Hyperventilation symptoms measured by the Nijmegen Questionnaire were inconclusive up to three months (MD -1.24, 95% CI -3.23 to 0.75; 1 study, 183 participants), but favoured breathing exercises from four to six months (MD -3.16, 95% CI -5.35 to -0.97; 1 study, 183 participants).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Breathing exercises may have some positive effects on quality of life, hyperventilation symptoms, and lung function. Due to some methodological differences among included studies and studies with poor methodology, the quality of evidence for the measured outcomes ranged from moderate to very low certainty according to GRADE criteria. In addition, further studies including full descriptions of treatment methods and outcome measurements are required.