greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Neuroprotective properties of photobiomodulation in retinal regeneration.

Photobiomodulation ( PBM ) is known as low-level laser ( or light ) therapy and is applied in different fields of medicine .
However , it is required that its molecular and cellular mechanism be investigated .
This study aims to assess the neuroprotective properties of PBM in the rat retina.GSE22818 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus ( GEO ) and the regulation of the significant differentially expressed genes ( DEGs ) which are produced by light damage in the rat retina by the pretreatment of PBM application was assessed via network analysis and gene ontology enrichment.The 78 produced DEGs @ @ @ @ @ @ @ protected via PBM pretreatment action .
Among these determined DEGs , 53 individuals were included in the main connected component of the constructed protein-protein interaction ( PPI ) network .
Ccl2 , Icam1 , Cxcl10 , Timp1 , and Fos were determined as hub nodes .
Eight clusters including 26 regulated biochemical pathways by PBM pretreatment were identified .
The critical DEGs based on the action maps were introduced.The finding indicates that PBM treatment protects rat retina against light damage via the prevention of Fos , Ccl2 , Icam1 , Cxcl10 , and @ @ @

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is known as low-level laser (or light) therapy and is applied in different fields of medicine. However, it is required that its molecular and cellular mechanism be investigated. This study aims to assess the neuroprotective properties of PBM in the rat retina.GSE22818 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the regulation of the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) which are produced by light damage in the rat retina by the pretreatment of PBM application was assessed via network analysis and gene ontology enrichment.The 78 produced DEGs by light-damage in the rat retina were protected via PBM pretreatment action. Among these determined DEGs, 53 individuals were included in the main connected component of the constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Ccl2, Icam1, Cxcl10, Timp1, and Fos were determined as hub nodes. Eight clusters including 26 regulated biochemical pathways by PBM pretreatment were identified. The critical DEGs based on the action maps were introduced.The finding indicates that PBM treatment protects rat retina against light damage via the prevention of Fos, Ccl2, Icam1, Cxcl10, and Myc dysregulation.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--This study shows that the combination of 5 μM curcumin and low-level laser therapy has the best neur

This study shows that the combination of 5 μM curcumin and low-level laser therapy has the best neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells.

Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders .
The neuroinflammation in the brain of PD patients is one of the critical processes in the immune pathogenesis of PD leading to the neural loss in the substantia nigra .
Due to the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin ( CU ) and low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) , we examined the protective effect of CU and LLLT on PC12 cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine ( 6-OHDA ) as a Parkinson model.PC12 cells were pretreated using various concentrations of 6-OHDA for 24 hours to induce oxidative and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with CU and LLLT .
The effects of CU and LLLT on Bax/Bcl2 and LC3/ATG10 expression were analyzed by real-time PCR and cell viability was assessed by MTT assay .
Cell A Software was used to calculate the length of the Neurite and cell body areas.The results of this study show that the combination of CU dose-dependently and LLLT has a significant neuroprotective effect on cells and cellular death significantly decreases by increasing CU concentration .
CU+LLLT decreases Bax/Bcl2 ratio which is an indicator of apoptosis and it also rescued a decrease in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 6-OHDA group.This study shows that the combination of 5μM CU and LLLT has the best neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells against 6-OHDA by decreasing the BAX/BCL2 ratio .

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The neuroinflammation in the brain of PD patients is one of the critical processes in the immune pathogenesis of PD leading to the neural loss in the substantia nigra. Due to the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin (CU) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT), we examined the protective effect of CU and LLLT on PC12 cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) as a Parkinson model.PC12 cells were pretreated using various concentrations of 6-OHDA for 24 hours to induce oxidative and cellular damages. PC12-6-OHDA cells were co-treated with CU and LLLT. The effects of CU and LLLT on Bax/Bcl2 and LC3/ATG10 expression were analyzed by real-time PCR and cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Cell A Software was used to calculate the length of the Neurite and cell body areas.The results of this study show that the combination of CU dose-dependently and LLLT has a significant neuroprotective effect on cells and cellular death significantly decreases by increasing CU concentration. CU+LLLT decreases Bax/Bcl2 ratio which is an indicator of apoptosis and it also rescued a decrease in LC3 and ATG10 expression in comparison with 6-OHDA group.This study shows that the combination of 5μM CU and LLLT has the best neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells against 6-OHDA by decreasing the BAX/BCL2 ratio.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--The recovery rate showed that low-level laser is a safe, reliable and proper alternative approach fo

The recovery rate showed that low-level laser is a safe, reliable and proper alternative approach for the treatment of facial nerve palsy.

The most common causes of the abrupt onset of unilateral facial weakness are stroke and Bell 's palsy .
The drug regimen together with electrical stimulation was more effective in treating Bell 's palsy than conventional drug treatment alone .
We aimed to evaluate more effective and safe therapies for the treatment of Bell 's palsy.This clinical interventional study was conducted on 30 diabetic patients with Bell 's palsy who referred to a pain clinic for 1 year and were treated by low-level laser ( LLL ) .
The system of House-Brackmann was used for assessing the severity of nerve @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and nerve conduction study ( NCS ) before and after treatment with low-level laser .
These patients had not consumed any other medication for facial nerve palsy.In the present study , 30 cases with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus ( 18 females and 12 males ) were studied .
After 12 sessions of low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) , we could observe complete recovery in 18 patients and partial recovery in 6 patients after 3 months.The recovery rate showed that LLLT is a safe , reliable and proper alternative approach for the treatment @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the presence of underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus .

The most common causes of the abrupt onset of unilateral facial weakness are stroke and Bell's palsy. The drug regimen together with electrical stimulation was more effective in treating Bell's palsy than conventional drug treatment alone. We aimed to evaluate more effective and safe therapies for the treatment of Bell's palsy.This clinical interventional study was conducted on 30 diabetic patients with Bell's palsy who referred to a pain clinic for 1 year and were treated by low-level laser (LLL). The system of House-Brackmann was used for assessing the severity of nerve damage and patients were evaluated by electromyography and nerve conduction study (NCS) before and after treatment with low-level laser. These patients had not consumed any other medication for facial nerve palsy.In the present study, 30 cases with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (18 females and 12 males) were studied. After 12 sessions of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), we could observe complete recovery in 18 patients and partial recovery in 6 patients after 3 months.The recovery rate showed that LLLT is a safe, reliable and proper alternative approach for the treatment of facial nerve palsy, especially in the presence of underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--The present review provides the evidence of LLLT-dependent reduction of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-13.

Osteoarthritis ( OA ) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and is considered as the most common cause of pain and disability .
To the best of our knowledge , it is generally observed that there is a lack of evidence on the effects of low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) on inflammatory cytokines in OA .
The present review aims to appraise the current evidence of efffects of LLLT on inflammatory cytokines in OA of the knee .
Medical databases such as Medline , PubMed , EMBASE , PEDro CINAHL , Web of Science , Cochrane register , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to June 2019 .
Articles that meet the inclusion criteria : subjects ( animals-Wistar rats ) induced with OA ; rats with age group of 50-90 days ; weight of 150-300 g ; finding the effects of LLLT ; reporting inflammatory cytokines ; and articles written in English were included .
The reviewers assessed the methodological quality of the primary studies .
Data of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β , IL-6 , TNF-α , and MMP-13 were extracted for analysis .
The Q ( x ) test and Istatistics analysis were performed to find the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ SMD ) and its 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) were used to synthesize the data .
Two hundred eleven potential articles were identified and 186 articles were excluded based on the selection criteria .
The rest of the 25 articles were read and 8 articles were selected for further study .
From the study , it is observed that the laser therapy group had mild to moderate improvement than control group in IL-1β , TNF-α , and MMP-13 ( IL-1β ; SMD 1.21 [ 95 % CI - 0.278 , 2.704 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 95 % CI 2.413 , 7.961 ] , and MMP-13 SMD - 1.45 [ 95 % CI - 5.121 , 2.211 ] ) , while IL-6 [ SMD 3.11 ( 95 % CI 0.662 , 5.549 ] did not show any considerable improvement after laser therapy .
The present review provides the evidenceof LLLT-dependent reduction of IL-1β , TNF-α , and MMP-13 , and its ability to modulate proliferation of inflammatory cells , which makes LLLT a suitable treatment for OA .
Though the included studies showed a high heterogeneity in treatment parameter @ @ @ @ @ @ @ changes in inflammatory cytokines , such as IL-6 , seems to be unaffected .

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and is considered as the most common cause of pain and disability. To the best of our knowledge, it is generally observed that there is a lack of evidence on the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on inflammatory cytokines in OA. The present review aims to appraise the current evidence of efffects of LLLT on inflammatory cytokines in OA of the knee. Medical databases such as Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, PEDro CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane register, and Google reference were searched from its inception to June 2019. Articles that meet the inclusion criteria: subjects (animals-Wistar rats) induced with OA; rats with age group of 50-90 days; weight of 150-300 g; finding the effects of LLLT; reporting inflammatory cytokines; and articles written in English were included. The reviewers assessed the methodological quality of the primary studies. Data of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-13 were extracted for analysis. The Q (x) test and Istatistics analysis were performed to find the heterogeneity evaluation. Standard mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to synthesize the data. Two hundred eleven potential articles were identified and 186 articles were excluded based on the selection criteria. The rest of the 25 articles were read and 8 articles were selected for further study. From the study, it is observed that the laser therapy group had mild to moderate improvement than control group in IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-13 (IL-1β; SMD 1.21 [95% CI - 0.278, 2.704], TNF-α; SMD 5.19 [95% CI 2.413, 7.961], and MMP-13 SMD - 1.45 [95% CI - 5.121, 2.211]), while IL-6 [SMD 3.11 (95% CI 0.662, 5.549] did not show any considerable improvement after laser therapy. The present review provides the evidenceof LLLT-dependent reduction of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-13, and its ability to modulate proliferation of inflammatory cells, which makes LLLT a suitable treatment for OA. Though the included studies showed a high heterogeneity in treatment parameter, the beneficial effect of LLLT on changes in inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, seems to be unaffected.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Low-level laser therapy combined with conventional medical therapy has the potential to prevent the

Low-level laser therapy combined with conventional medical therapy has the potential to prevent the progression of COVID-19.

The global pandemic COVID-19 is a contagious disease and its mortality rates ranging from 1 % to 5 % are likely due to acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) , and cytokine storm .
A significant proportion of patients who require intubation succumb to the disease , despite the availability of ventilators and the best treatment practices .
Researchers worldwide are in search of anti-inflammatory medicines in the hope of finding a cure for COVID-19 .
Low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) has strong , anti-inflammatory effects confirmed by meta-analyses , and it may be therapeutic to ARDS .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ , wound healing , and other health conditions by physicians , physiotherapists , and nurses worldwide for decades .
In addition , it has been used in veterinary medicine for respiratory tract disease such as pneumonia .
Laser light with low-power intensity is applied to the surface of the skin to produce local and systemic effects .
Based on the clinical experience , peer-reviewed studies , and solid laboratory data in experimental animal models , LLLT attenuates cytokine storm at multiple levels and reduces the major inflammatory metabolites .
LLLT is a safe @ @ @ @ @ @ @ side-effects that may be combined with conventional treatment of ARDS .
We summarize the effects of LLLT on pulmonary inflammation and we provide a protocol for augmenting medical treatment in COVID-19 patients .
LLLT combined with conventional medical therapy has the potential to prevent the progression of COVID-19 , minimize the length of time needed on a ventilator , enhance the healing process , and shorten recovery time .

The global pandemic COVID-19 is a contagious disease and its mortality rates ranging from 1% to 5% are likely due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and cytokine storm. A significant proportion of patients who require intubation succumb to the disease, despite the availability of ventilators and the best treatment practices. Researchers worldwide are in search of anti-inflammatory medicines in the hope of finding a cure for COVID-19. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has strong, anti-inflammatory effects confirmed by meta-analyses, and it may be therapeutic to ARDS. LLLT has been used for pain management, wound healing, and other health conditions by physicians, physiotherapists, and nurses worldwide for decades. In addition, it has been used in veterinary medicine for respiratory tract disease such as pneumonia. Laser light with low-power intensity is applied to the surface of the skin to produce local and systemic effects. Based on the clinical experience, peer-reviewed studies, and solid laboratory data in experimental animal models, LLLT attenuates cytokine storm at multiple levels and reduces the major inflammatory metabolites. LLLT is a safe, effective, low-cost modality without any side-effects that may be combined with conventional treatment of ARDS. We summarize the effects of LLLT on pulmonary inflammation and we provide a protocol for augmenting medical treatment in COVID-19 patients. LLLT combined with conventional medical therapy has the potential to prevent the progression of COVID-19, minimize the length of time needed on a ventilator, enhance the healing process, and shorten recovery time.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Low-level laser therapy for the treatment of early stage cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Low-Level Laser Therapy ( LLLT ) has been investigated for the treatment of various dermatological disorders .
Here , we investigate the efficacy of LLLT for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis ( CL ) .
This study comprised of 53 patients ( total 123 lesions ) with a confirmed diagnosis of CL via positive smear of LD-bodies .
The CL lesions were classified in Grade I ( ie , papule of size≤1 cm ) to Grade V ( ie , vesicle formation , ulceration , and superadded infection of size > 4 cm ) .
All the patients were divided @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ie , Grade I and II ) CL lesions and group 2 with high-grade disease ( ie , Grade III-V ) .
Red laser light ( wavelength = 635 nm ) was used for the lesion irradiation , with a light dose of 75 J/cmand at a low power of 300 mW .
The treatment was divided into four sessions , one session per week .
Disease assessment at 10 months follow-up revealed complete response in 91 % and partial response in 9 % patients of group 1 , while no response was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ LLLT offers a promising treatment modality forpatients presenting with early-stage ( ie , Grade I and II ) CL lesions .

Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been investigated for the treatment of various dermatological disorders. Here, we investigate the efficacy of LLLT for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). This study comprised of 53 patients (total 123 lesions) with a confirmed diagnosis of CL via positive smear of LD-bodies. The CL lesions were classified in Grade I (ie, papule of size≤1 cm) to Grade V (ie, vesicle formation, ulceration, and superadded infection of size>4 cm). All the patients were divided into group 1 with low grade (ie, Grade I and II) CL lesions and group 2 with high-grade disease (ie, Grade III-V). Red laser light (wavelength = 635 nm) was used for the lesion irradiation, with a light dose of 75 J/cmand at a low power of 300 mW. The treatment was divided into four sessions, one session per week. Disease assessment at 10 months follow-up revealed complete response in 91% and partial response in 9% patients of group 1, while no response was observed in patients of group 2. LLLT offers a promising treatment modality forpatients presenting with early-stage (ie, Grade I and II) CL lesions.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--A 57-year-old African American man with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who responded to supportive photob

A 57-year-old African American man with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who responded to supportive photobiomodulation therapy.

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) is associated with lung inflammation and cytokine storm .
Photobiomodulation therapy ( PBMT ) is a safe , non-invasive therapy with significant anti-inflammatory effects .
Adjunct PBMT has been employed in treating patients with lung conditions .
Human studies and experimental models of respiratory disease suggest PBMT reduces inflammation and promotes lung healing .
This is the first time supportive PBMT was used in a severe case of COVID-19 pneumonia .
CASE REPORT A 57-year-old African American man with severe COVID-19 received 4 once-daily PBMT sessions by a laser scanner with pulsed 808 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 28 min .
The patient was evaluated before and after treatment via radiological assessment of lung edema ( RALE ) by CXR , pulmonary severity indices , blood tests , oxygen requirements , and patient questionnaires .
Oxygen saturation ( SpO₂ ) increased from 93-94 % to 97-100 % , while the oxygen requirement decreased from 2-4 L/min to 1 L/min .
The RALE score improved from 8 to 5 .
The Pneumonia Severity Index improved from Class V ( 142 ) to Class II ( 67 ) .
Additional pulmonary indices ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 4 to0 .
CRP normalized from 15.1 to 1.23 .
The patient reported substantial improvement in the Community-Acquired Pneumonia assessment tool .
CONCLUSIONS This report has presented supportive PBMT in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia .
Respiratory indices , radiological findings , oxygen requirements , and patient outcomes improved over several days and without need for a ventilator .
Future controlled clinical trials are required to evaluate the effects of PBMT on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia .

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with lung inflammation and cytokine storm. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a safe, non-invasive therapy with significant anti-inflammatory effects. Adjunct PBMT has been employed in treating patients with lung conditions. Human studies and experimental models of respiratory disease suggest PBMT reduces inflammation and promotes lung healing. This is the first time supportive PBMT was used in a severe case of COVID-19 pneumonia. CASE REPORT A 57-year-old African American man with severe COVID-19 received 4 once-daily PBMT sessions by a laser scanner with pulsed 808 nm and super-pulsed 905 nm modes for 28 min. The patient was evaluated before and after treatment via radiological assessment of lung edema (RALE) by CXR, pulmonary severity indices, blood tests, oxygen requirements, and patient questionnaires. Oxygen saturation (SpO₂) increased from 93-94% to 97-100%, while the oxygen requirement decreased from 2-4 L/min to 1 L/min. The RALE score improved from 8 to 5. The Pneumonia Severity Index improved from Class V (142) to Class II (67). Additional pulmonary indices (Brescia-COVID and SMART-COP) both decreased from 4 to0. CRP normalized from 15.1 to 1.23. The patient reported substantial improvement in the Community-Acquired Pneumonia assessment tool. CONCLUSIONS This report has presented supportive PBMT in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Respiratory indices, radiological findings, oxygen requirements,and patient outcomes improved over several days and without need for a ventilator. Future controlled clinical trials are required to evaluate the effects of PBMT on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Phototherapy as a rational antioxidant treatment modality in COVID-19 management.

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken the entire globe by storm .
The pathogenesis of this virus has shown a cytokine storm release , which contributes to critical or severe multi-organ failure .
Currently the ultimate treatment is palliative ; however , many modalities have been introduced with effective or minimal outcomes .
Meanwhile , enormous efforts are ongoing to produce safe vaccines and therapies .
Phototherapy has a wide range of clinical applications against various maladies .
This necessitates the exploration of the role of phototherapy , if any , for COVID-19 .
This critical review was conducted to understand @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that link phototherapy utilisation as a potential treatment modality for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection .
The results demonstrated phototherapy 's efficacy in regulating cytokines and inflammatory mediators , increasing angiogenesis and enhancing healing in chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases .
In conclusion , this review answered the following research question .
Which molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of phototherapy have demonstrated great potential in enhancing the immune response and reducing host-viral interaction in COVID-19 patients ?
Therefore , phototherapy is a promising treatment modality , which needs to be validated further for COVID-19 by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , placebo-controlled , clinical trials to evaluate its impartial outcomes and safety .

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken the entire globe by storm. The pathogenesis of this virus has shown a cytokine storm release, which contributes to critical or severe multi-organ failure. Currently the ultimate treatment is palliative; however, many modalities have been introduced with effective or minimal outcomes. Meanwhile, enormous efforts are ongoing to produce safe vaccines and therapies. Phototherapy has a wide range of clinical applications against various maladies. This necessitates the exploration of the role of phototherapy, if any, for COVID-19. This critical review was conducted to understand COVID-19 disease and highlights the prevailing facts that link phototherapy utilisation as a potential treatment modality for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The results demonstrated phototherapy's efficacy in regulating cytokines and inflammatory mediators, increasing angiogenesis and enhancing healing in chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, this review answered the following research question. Which molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of phototherapy have demonstrated great potential in enhancing the immune response and reducing host-viral interaction in COVID-19 patients? Therefore, phototherapy is a promising treatment modality, which needs to be validated further for COVID-19 by robust and rigorous randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trials to evaluate its impartial outcomes and safety.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Low-level laser therapy in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and oral lichen planus.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ( RAS ) and oral lichen planus ( OLP ) present inflammatory , recurrent diseases of the @ @ @ @ @ understood aetiology .
Despite numerous attempts to discover an effective treatment for RAS and OLP @ @ @ @ @ strategies are largely confined to the reduction of symptoms .
Low-level laser therapy ( LLLT @ @ @ @ @ a novel treatment modality .
The aim of the paper was to discuss the mechanism @ @ @ @ @ effects of LLLT and to critically review and summarize recent clinical reports on the management @ @ @ @ @ Most of the studies demonstrated the beneficial effect of LLLT in accelerating the healing process @ @ @ @ @ , the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of studies @ @ @ @ @ various irradiation parameters .

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and oral lichen planus (OLP) present inflammatory, recurrent diseases of the oral mucosa with not fully understood aetiology. Despite numerous attempts to discover an effective treatment for RAS and OLP, the current main treatment strategies are largely confined to the reduction of symptoms. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is of interest as a novel treatment modality. The aim of the paper was to discuss the mechanism of action and the biological effects of LLLT and to critically review and summarize recent clinical reports on the management of RAS and OLP. Most of the studies demonstrated the beneficial effect of LLLT in accelerating the healing process and pain reduction. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of studies available and empirical design using various irradiation parameters.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Op-Ed: Trump Glorifies New COVID Vaccine: What Else Did You Expect?

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By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing , treating @ @ @ @ @ or preventing any type of disease or medical condition .
Before beginning any type of @ @ @ @ @ treatment regimen , it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional @

This website is for information purposes only. By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing, treating, curing, mitigating, or preventing any type of disease or medical condition. Before beginning any type of natural, integrative or conventional treatment regimen, it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional.
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greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Efficacy of acupoints dual-frequency low-level laser therapy on knee osteoarthritis.

Background : Knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) presented with knee pain and limitation of mobility is common , and it may become a chronic problem resulting in major loss of function , with related impaired activity of daily living .
Current traditional therapy for knee OA includes pharmacological treatment and physiotherapy , but the efficacies are limited .
An alternative noninvasive treatment low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) applied to acupoints is still contradictory and the efficacy needs to be assessed .
Methods and Materials : We conduct the randomized double-blind control study to investigate the efficacy of a dual-frequency @ @ @ @ @ @ @ nm ) and near-infrared light ( 830 nm ) ) in patients suffering knee OA .
Participates were randomly assigned into active laser therapy ( ALT ) and placebo laser therapy ( PLT ) groups .
Subjects in the ALT group were separately treated by laser apparatus at the three acupoints ( SP9 , SP10 , and EX-LE2 ) ontheir knee joints under continuous radiation for 15 min at the maximum intensity , three times per week for four weeks .
The PLT group used laser apparatus of the same model according to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Outcome Measurements including visual analog scale ( VAS ) , painpressure threshold ( PPT ) , and Lequesne index were used .
Results : A total of 30 subjects with two-sided knee OA in both groups completed the experiment .
Statistically significant decreases were observed in the Lequesne index ( 5.27 ± 3.26 vs. 10.83 ± 3.83 ) , conscious VAS 4 weeks after treatment ( moving : 2.87 ± 1.13 vs. 5.67 ± 1.72 ; resting : 0.33 ± 0.62 vs. 2.67 ± 1.29 ) , and the increase was noted in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 13.02 ± 1.46 kg ) in the ALT group compared with the PLT group .
Conclusion : It appears that the knee OA pain and disability can be decreased after a dual-frequency LLLT applied to acupoints ( SP9 , SP10 , and EX-LE2 ) .
The clinical efficacy of LLLT is highly related to the therapeutic settings of the laser apparatus ; hence , more clinical trials with diffident parameter settings are needed to be further clarified .

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) presented with knee pain and limitation of mobility is common, and it may become a chronic problem resulting in major loss of function, with related impaired activity of daily living. Current traditional therapy for knee OA includes pharmacological treatment and physiotherapy, but the efficacies are limited. An alternative noninvasive treatment low-level laser therapy (LLLT) applied to acupoints is still contradictory and the efficacy needs to be assessed.
Methods and Materials: We conduct the randomized double-blind control study to investigate the efficacy of a dual-frequency LLLT (combines red light (780 nm) and near-infrared light (830 nm)) in patients suffering knee OA. Participates were randomly assigned into active laser therapy (ALT) and placebo laser therapy (PLT) groups. Subjects in the ALT group were separately treated by laser apparatus at the three acupoints (SP9, SP10, and EX-LE2) ontheir knee joints under continuous radiation for 15 min at the maximum intensity, three times per week for four weeks. The PLT group used laser apparatus of the same model according to similar procedures without laser light emission. Outcome Measurements including visual analog scale (VAS), painpressure threshold (PPT), and Lequesne index were used.
Results: A total of 30 subjects with two-sided knee OA in both groups completed the experiment. Statistically significant decreases were observed in the Lequesne index (5.27 ± 3.26 vs. 10.83 ± 3.83), conscious VAS 4 weeks after treatment (moving: 2.87 ± 1.13 vs. 5.67 ± 1.72; resting: 0.33 ± 0.62 vs. 2.67 ± 1.29), and the increase was noted in PPT (21.23 ± 1.82 kg vs. 13.02 ± 1.46 kg) in the ALT group compared with the PLT group.
Conclusion: It appears that the knee OA pain and disability can be decreased after a dual-frequency LLLT applied to acupoints (SP9, SP10, and EX-LE2). The clinical efficacy of LLLT is highly related to the therapeutic settings of the laser apparatus; hence, more clinical trials with diffident parameter settings are needed to be further clarified.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Comparison of low-level light therapy and combination therapy of 5% minoxidil in the treatment of fe

Comparison of low-level light therapy and combination therapy of 5% minoxidil in the treatment of female pattern hair loss.

This study was conducted in order to compare the safety and efficacy of LLLT , 5 % minoxidil , and @ @ @ @ @ of FPHL .
A randomized controlled trial was developed to study the effect of LLLT @ @ @ @ @ called iHelmet® , which is equipped with 200 5mW laser diode source ( 650 nm @ @ @ @ @ 's types II-III FPHL patients were randomly divided into 3 groups : LLLT group ( @ @ @ @ @ minoxidil group ( B ) , and combination group ( C ) .
Hair density @ @ @ @ @ scalp oil-secretion were detected to evaluate thetreatment effect .
Significant improvement of hair density and @ @ @ @ @ all stages of FPHL after treatment .
Oil-secretion of the three groups was decreased after @ @ @ @ @ reducing oil-secretion in LLLT group and combination group was higher than minoxidilgroup ( P

This study was conducted in order to compare the safety and efficacy of LLLT, 5% minoxidil, and combination therapy in the treatment of FPHL. A randomized controlled trial was developed to study the effect of LLLT on FPHL using a device called iHelmet®, which is equipped with 200 5mW laser diode source (650 nm) arrays. Ninety Ludwig's types II-III FPHL patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: LLLT group (A), 5% minoxidil group (B), and combination group(C). Hair density, hair diameter, and scalp oil-secretion were detected to evaluate thetreatment effect. Significant improvement of hair density and hair diameter was observed in all stages of FPHL after treatment. Oil-secretion of the three groups was decreased after treatment. The effectiveness of reducing oil-secretion in LLLT group and combination group was higher than minoxidilgroup (P < 0.05). For improving hair diameter and hair density, combination group was better than LLLT and minoxidil groups. No side effects were reported. Our study illustrated that LLLT is a safe and effective treatment for FPHL. Besides, LLLT can significantly improve its efficacy when used in combination with 5% minoxidil.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Low-level light therapy accelerates wound healing and reduces the size of diabetic foot ulcers.

Diabetic foot ulcers are prevalent among patients with diabetes and negatively affect mortality and life expectancy .
This study aimed @ @ @ @ @ the best evidence to assess the efficacy of low-level light therapy in improving healing of @ @ @ @ @ search CINAHL , Cochrane Library , EMBASE , ProQuest , PubMed , Scopus , and @ @ @ @ @ until September 30 , 2019 .
Meta-analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis 3.0 software @ @ @ @ @ using Hedges ' g and determined using the Z-statistic at a significance level of P

Diabetic foot ulcers are prevalent among patients with diabetes and negatively affect mortality and life expectancy. This study aimed to synthesize and systematically review the best evidence to assess the efficacy of low-level light therapy in improving healing of diabetic foot ulcers. We search CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception until September 30, 2019. Meta-analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis 3.0 software. Overall effect was measured using Hedges' g and determined using the Z-statistic at a significance level of P< .05. Heterogeneity was assessed using χand Istatistics. Twelve randomized controlled trials were included. Meta-analysis revealed that 30.90% of the ulcer area was significantly reduced in the therapy group compared with the control group (Z = 3.95, P< .001) with a very large effect (g = 2.81). A 4.2 cmreduction of the ulcer area was observed in the therapy group compared with the control group (Z = 2.17, P = .03) with a very large effect (g = 1.37). In addition, diabetic foot ulcers in the therapy group was 4.65 times more likely to heal completely than those in the control group (Z = 3.02, P = .003). Low-level light therapy accelerates wound healing and reduces the size of diabeticfoot ulcers. However, our review does not allow any recommendation for the best treatment parameters required to achieve improved healing. Future trials need to include a good design and large sample size in defining the optimal treatment parameters for ulcers of different sizes.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--The Greatest Hoax Ever Perpetuated on an Unsuspecting Public


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Transscleral laser therapy in the treatment of glaucoma.

Nowadays glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide .
The main goal in preservation of vision @ @ @ @ @ intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , which is considered the main controlled risk factor for @ @ @ @ @ .
The article discusses the effectiveness and safety of various transscleral laser technologies in the @ @ @ @ @ transscleral laser technologies that affect the uveoscleral drainage and scleral hydro-permeability are less traumatic and @ @ @ @ @ in the treatment of patients with early stages of glaucoma , and not only in @ @ @ @ @ resistant to conventional treatment ( `` last resort surgery '' ) .

Nowadays glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. The main goal in preservation of vision in glaucoma patients is reducing intraocular pressure (IOP), which is considered the main controlled risk factor for progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. The article discusses the effectiveness and safety of various transscleral laser technologies in the treatment of glaucoma. Modern transscleral laser technologies that affect the uveoscleral drainage and scleral hydro-permeability are less traumatic and more gentle making them promising in the treatment of patients with early stages of glaucoma, and not only in terminal glaucoma with pain syndrome resistant to conventional treatment ("last resort surgery").


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Low-level laser therapy appears to be effective for treating pattern hair loss in both men and women

Low-level laser therapy appears to be effective for treating pattern hair loss in both men and women.

Purpose : Pattern hair loss is the most common type of alopecia .
Standard of care involves long-term use of topical medications with limited effectiveness .
Low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) has become a popular alternative treatment .
Here , we examine published clinical trials to establish whether the breadth of evidence supports LLLT for pattern hair loss .
Methods : A literature search was conducted within the PubMed , Embase , Scopus , and Cochrane Trials databases to identify original articles evaluating hair regrowth following LLLT .
Articles were selected based on use of 600-1,100 nm wavelengths , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for hair regrowth .
Results : Ten randomized controlled trials were included , of which 8 compared LLLT to sham device and 1 to no treatment .
The study populations varied , with 3 studies evaluating only women .
All sham-device controlled studies demonstrated statistically significant increase in hair diameter or density ( < 0.01 ) following LLLT .
Discussion : Based on our review of the literature , LLLT appears to be effective for treating pattern hair loss in both men and women .
These laser devices have good safety profiles , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ However , physicians should be cautious when drawing conclusions as some studies included have a relationship with industry .

Purpose: Pattern hair loss is the most common type of alopecia. Standard of care involves long-term use of topical medications with limited effectiveness. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has become a popular alternative treatment. Here, we examine published clinical trials to establish whether the breadth of evidence supports LLLT for pattern hair loss.
Methods: A literature search was conducted within the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Trials databases to identify original articles evaluating hair regrowth following LLLT. Articles were selected based on use of 600-1,100 nm wavelengths, treatment time≥16 weeks, and objective evaluation for hair regrowth.
Results: Ten randomized controlled trials were included, of which 8 compared LLLT to sham device and 1 to no treatment. The study populations varied, with 3 studies evaluating only women. All sham-device controlled studies demonstrated statistically significant increase in hair diameter or density (<0.01) following LLLT.
Discussion: Based on our review of the literature, LLLT appears to be effective for treating pattern hair loss in both men and women. These laser devices have good safety profiles, with only minor adverse effects reported. However, physicians should be cautious when drawing conclusions as some studies included have a relationship with industry.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Photobiomodulation therapy and dexamethasone in the management of oral acute graft-versus-host disea

Photobiomodulation therapy and dexamethasone in the management of oral acute graft-versus-host disease.

Acute graft-versus-host disease ( GVHD ) in the oral cavity is a rare complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( @ @ @ @ @ a varying length of time for wound healing.This case report present a 63-year-old female patient @ @ @ @ @ lymphoid leukemia , submitted a related allogeneic HSCT , which after 6 months evolved with @ @ @ @ @ odynophagia , dysphagia , and difficulty of hygiene.We started the mouthwash dexamethasone and nystatin oral @ @ @ @ @ photobiomodulation therapy ( PBMT ) ( 660 nm , 100 mW , 0.028 cm , @ @ @ @ @ , 20 sec/point ) has been used with daily applications in the oral cavity ( @ @ @ @ @ in healthy areas ) .Complete healing of the oral lesions was observed in 5 days @ @ @ @ @ skin and gastrointestinal GVHD.The treatment of oral acute GVHD with PBMT is still rare in @ @ @ @ @ to a good result in wound healing with PBMT , we have used this therapeutic @ @ @ @ @ and have been successful in healing and reducing pain .

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the oral cavity is a rare complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and treatment has a varying length of time for wound healing.This case report present a 63-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of acute lymphoid leukemia, submitted a related allogeneic HSCT, which after 6 months evolved with oral acute GVHD, presenting odynophagia, dysphagia, and difficulty of hygiene.We started the mouthwash dexamethasone and nystatin oral suspension and five sessions of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) (660 nm, 100 mW, 0.028 cm, 2 J, 70 J/cm, 20 sec/point) has been used with daily applications in the oral cavity (at the lesion sites and in healthy areas).Complete healing of the oral lesions was observed in 5 days although the patient had acute skin and gastrointestinal GVHD.The treatment of oral acute GVHD with PBMT is still rare in the literature, but due to a good result in wound healing with PBMT, we have used this therapeutic option in combination with dexamethasone and have been successful in healing and reducing pain.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Proposed mechanisms of low-level light therapy in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia.

Androgenetic alopecia ( AGA ) is a global challenge , affecting a large number of people worldwide .
Efficacy of the existed treatments can barely meet the demands of patients .
Patients who are poorly responding to those treatments are seeking for a more effective and suitable technique to treat their disease .
Low-level light therapy ( LLLT ) is a newly developed technique , which has been proved to stimulate hair growth .
Based on the function principle of LLLT in other domains and refer to the published literatures , we write this review to neaten and elucidate the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of AGA .
A review of published literature which is associated with keywords LLLT , photobiomodulation , AGA , treatment , hair growth , and mechanism was performed to elucidate the proposed mechanism of LLLT in the treatment of AGA .
The present study shows that LLLT can accelerate hair growth in AGA patients .
The proposed mechanism of LLLT in treating AGA may vary among different specialists .
But we can summarize the consensual mechanisms as follows ; low-level light absorbed by chromophores can lead to the production of nitric oxide ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ oxygen species ( ROS ) .
These mobilized molecules subsequently activate redox-related signaling pathways in hair follicle cells and perifollicular cells .
Finally , these activated cells participate in the regrowth of hair follicle .
Even though the efficacy of LLLT in the treatment of AGA in both men and women has already been confirmed , the present studies focusing on discovering LLLT are still inadequate and unsystematic .
More studies are needed to standardize the optimum treatment parameters applied in promoting hair growth and determine the long-term safety and efficacy of LLLT @ @ @ @ @ @ @ LLLT , mainly focused on the molecules that may take effect , neglected different cellular components that are functional in the hair follicle macro-environment .

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a global challenge, affecting a large number of people worldwide. Efficacy of the existed treatments can barely meet the demands of patients. Patients who are poorly responding to those treatments are seeking for a more effective and suitable technique to treat their disease. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is a newly developed technique, which has been proved to stimulate hair growth. Based on the function principle of LLLT in other domains and refer to the published literatures, we write this review to neaten and elucidate the possible mechanism of LLLT in the treatment of AGA. A review of published literature which is associated with keywords LLLT, photobiomodulation, AGA, treatment, hair growth, and mechanism was performed to elucidate the proposed mechanism of LLLT in the treatment of AGA. The present study shows that LLLT can accelerate hair growth in AGA patients. The proposed mechanism of LLLT in treating AGA may vary among different specialists. But we can summarize the consensual mechanisms as follows; low-level light absorbed by chromophores can lead to the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These mobilized molecules subsequently activate redox-related signaling pathways in hair follicle cells and perifollicular cells. Finally, these activated cells participate in the regrowth of hair follicle. Even though the efficacy of LLLT in the treatment of AGA in both men and women has already been confirmed, the present studies focusing on discovering LLLT are still inadequate and unsystematic. More studies are needed to standardize the optimum treatment parameters applied in promoting hair growth and determine the long-term safety and efficacy of LLLT. Current recognitions about the mechanisms of LLLT, mainly focused on the molecules that may take effect, neglected different cellular components that are functional in the hair follicle macro-environment.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Photobiomodulation reduces the impact of radiotherapy on oral health.

To assess the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy ( PBMT ) in the oral health-related quality of life ( OHRQoL ) of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy ( RT ) , using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 ( OHIP-14 ) and the Patient-Reported Oral Mucositis ( OM ) Symptoms Scale ( PROMS ) , and to correlate OM degree with the PROMS and OHIP-14 scores .
Forty-eight patients undergoing RT for head and neck cancer were randomly assigned into two groups : PBMT group ( n = 25 ) -daily PBMT associated with a preventive oral care program @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( n = 23 ) -receiving POCP exclusively .
OHRQoL was assessed using the PROMS and OHIP-14 questionnaires .
OM degrees were classified according to the World Health Organization and the National Cancer Institute scales .
Assessments were performed at the 1st , 7th , 14th , 21st , and 30th RT sessions .
PBMT was effective in preventing and treating severe OM .
Both groups showed increased OHRQoL impacts throughout the RT sessions ; however , higher impacts were observed in the control group , mainly at the final stage of treatment @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Significant correlations were found between the severity of OM and PROMS scores in the total sample and the control group at all RT periods .
PROMS and OM scores were positive correlated at 14th , 21st , and 30th RT sessions in the control group , suggesting that this instrument is useful in classifying OM .
PBMT was effective in treating and preventing severe OM and OM-related symptoms , and with consequent positive impacts in OHRQoL in head and neck patients undergoing RT .
The PROMS scale was helpful instrument for assessment @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Clinical Trials database ( ReBEC - RBR-5h4y4n ) , registered in Aug , 24th 2017 .

To assess the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy (RT), using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and the Patient-Reported Oral Mucositis (OM) Symptoms Scale (PROMS), and to correlate OM degree with the PROMS and OHIP-14 scores. Forty-eight patients undergoing RT for head and neck cancer were randomly assigned into two groups: PBMT group (n = 25)-daily PBMT associated with a preventive oral care program (POCP); and control group (n = 23)-receiving POCP exclusively. OHRQoL was assessed using the PROMS and OHIP-14 questionnaires. OM degrees were classified according to the World Health Organization and the National Cancer Institute scales. Assessments were performed at the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th RT sessions. PBMT was effective in preventing and treating severe OM. Both groups showed increased OHRQoL impacts throughout the RT sessions; however, higher impacts were observed in the control group, mainly at the final stage of treatment (21st and 30th RT sessions). Significant correlations were found between the severity of OM and PROMS scores in the total sample and the control group at all RT periods. PROMS and OM scores were positive correlated at 14th, 21st, and 30th RT sessions in the control group, suggesting that this instrument is useful in classifying OM. PBMT was effective in treating and preventing severe OM and OM-related symptoms, and with consequent positive impacts in OHRQoL in head and neck patients undergoing RT. The PROMS scale was helpful instrument for assessment of the severity of OM. Brazilian Clinical Trials database (ReBEC - RBR-5h4y4n), registered in Aug, 24th 2017.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Photobiomodulation could be helpful in reducing the lung inflammation and promoting the regeneration

Photobiomodulation could be helpful in reducing the lung inflammation and promoting the regeneration of the damaged tissue.

BACKGROUND : COVID-19 , as a newly-emerged viral infection has now spread all over the world after originating in Wuhan , China .
Pneumonia is the hallmark of the disease , with dyspnea in half of the patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) in up to one -third of the cases .
Pulmonary edema , neutrophilic infiltration , and inflammatory cytokine release are the pathologic signs of this disease .
The anti-inflammatory effect of the photobiomodulation ( PBM ) has been confirmed in many previous studies .
Therefore , this review study was conducted to evaluate the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ lung inflammation or ARDS and also accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissues .
The indirect effects of PBM on modulation of the immune system , increasing the blood flow and oxygenation in other tissues were also considered .
METHODOLOGY : The databases of PubMed , Cochrane library , and Google Scholar were searched to find the relevant studies .
Keywords included the PBM and related terms , lung inflammation , and COVID-19 -related signs .
Studies were categorized with respect to the target tissue , laser parameters , and their results .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ in this review .
All of them were in animal models .
They showed that the PBM could significantly decrease the pulmonary edema , neutrophil influx , and generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) , interleukin 1 beta ( IL-1β ) , interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) , intracellular adhesion molecule ( ICAM ) , reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , isoform of nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) , and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 ( MIP-2 ) ) .
CONCLUSION : Our findings revealed that the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ lung inflammation and promoting the regeneration of the damaged tissue .
PBM can increase the oxygenation indirectly in order to rehabilitate the affected organs .
Thus , the infra-red lasers or light-emitting diodes ( LEDs ) are recommended in this regard .

BACKGROUND: COVID-19, as a newly-emerged viral infection has now spread all over the world after originating in Wuhan, China. Pneumonia is the hallmark of the disease, with dyspnea in half of the patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in up to one -third of the cases. Pulmonary edema, neutrophilic infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine release are the pathologic signs of this disease. The anti-inflammatory effect of the photobiomodulation (PBM) has been confirmed in many previous studies. Therefore, this review study was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of PBM on the acute lung inflammation or ARDS and also accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissues. The indirect effects of PBM on modulation of the immune system, increasing the blood flow and oxygenation in other tissues were also considered.
METHODOLOGY: The databases of PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar were searched to find the relevant studies. Keywords included the PBM and related terms, lung inflammation, and COVID-19 -related signs. Studies were categorized with respect to the target tissue, laser parameters, and their results.
RESULTS: Seventeen related papers were included in this review. All of them were in animal models. They showed that the PBM could significantly decrease the pulmonary edema, neutrophil influx, and generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), reactive oxygen species (ROS), isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2)).
CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that the PBM could be helpful in reducing the lung inflammation and promoting the regeneration of the damaged tissue. PBM can increase the oxygenation indirectly in order to rehabilitate the affected organs. Thus, the infra-red lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are recommended in this regard.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Both low and high-level laser therapy reduce pain and disability and improve lumbar mobility and qua

Both low and high-level laser therapy reduce pain and disability and improve lumbar mobility and quality of life in chronic low back pain patients.

Objectives : Chronic nonspecific low back pain ( chronic nsLBP ) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders leading to disabilities and physical inactivity .
Laser therapy was used in chronic nsLBP treatment ; however , no previous studies have assessed the impacts of high-intensity laser therapy ( HILT ) versus low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) on chronic nsLBP .
This study compared the effects of HILT versus LLLT on individuals suffering from chronic nsLBP .
Methods : The study was a randomized control trial .
Sixty individuals with chronic nsLBP were enrolled in this study between May @ @ @ @ @ @ @ clinically diagnosed with chronic nsLBP .
They were assigned randomly into three groups , 20 in each group .
The first group received a program of LLLT , the second group received a program of HILT , and the third did not receive laser therapy ( control group ) .
Pain severity , disability , lumbar mobility , and quality of life were assessed before and after 12-week intervention .
Results : Both LLLT and HILT groups showed a significant improvement of the Oswestry Disability Index ( ODI ) , visual analogue scale @ @ @ @ @ @ @ motion ( ROM ) , and European Quality of Life ( EuroQol ) scores ( > 0.05 ) , while the control group did not show significant changes ( > 0.05 ) .
Comparison among the three study groups postintervention showed significant differences in the outcome measures ( > 0.05 ) , while comparison between the LLLT and HILT groups showed nonsignificant differences ( > 0.05 ) .
Conclusion : There are no different influences of LLLT versus HILT on chronic nsLBP patients .
Both LLLT and HILT reduce pain and disability and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in chronic nsLBP patients .

Objectives: Chronic nonspecific low back pain (chronic nsLBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders leading to disabilities and physical inactivity. Laser therapy was used in chronic nsLBP treatment; however, no previous studies have assessed the impacts of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) versus low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on chronic nsLBP. This study compared the effects of HILT versus LLLT on individuals suffering from chronic nsLBP.
Methods: The study was a randomized control trial. Sixty individuals with chronic nsLBP were enrolled in this study between May and November 2019. All participants were clinically diagnosed with chronic nsLBP. They were assigned randomly into three groups, 20 in each group. The first group received a program of LLLT, the second group received a program of HILT, and the third did not receive laser therapy (control group). Pain severity, disability, lumbar mobility, and quality of life were assessed before and after 12-week intervention.
Results: Both LLLT and HILT groups showed a significant improvement of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS), lumbar range of motion (ROM), and European Quality of Life (EuroQol) scores (>0.05), while the control group did not show significant changes (>0.05). Comparison among the three study groups postintervention showed significant differences in the outcome measures (>0.05), while comparison between the LLLT and HILT groups showed nonsignificant differences (>0.05).
Conclusion: There are no different influences of LLLT versus HILT on chronic nsLBP patients. Both LLLT and HILT reduce pain and disability and improve lumbar mobility and quality of life in chronic nsLBP patients.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on the proliferation phase and wound healing in rats fed with a

Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on the proliferation phase and wound healing in rats fed with an experimental hypoproteic diet.

Photobiomodulation therapy ( PBMT ) has been indicated for enforcement on healing skin wounds .
This study evaluated the effects of PBMT on the healing of skin wounds during the proliferation phase in rats with a hypoproteic diet .
Rats were randomized to one of the following groups ( n = 10 per group ) : ( i ) injured normoproteic ( 25 % protein ) not subjected to PBMT ; ( ii ) injured normoproteic who received PBMT ; ( iii ) injured hypoproteic ( 8 % protein ) not subjected to PBMT ; and ( iv ) injured @ @ @ @ @ @ @ submitted to skin wounds and then treated with PBMT ( low-level laser therapy : 660 nm , 50 mW , 1.07 W/cm , 0.028 cm , 72 J/cm , 2 J ) .
Analyses were performed at 7 and 14 days of follow-up : semi-quantitative histopathologic analysis , collagen type I and III expressions , immunohistochemical marking for matrix metalloproteinases-3 ( MMP-3 ) and ( matrix metalloproteinases-9 ) MMP-9 , and mechanical resistance test .
There were significant differences between the normoproteic groups and their respective treated groups ( p < 0.05 ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ untreated hypoproteic groups in histopathologic analysis semi-quantitatively and immunohistochemistry for MMP-3 and 9 , in which PBMT was able to decrease immunostaining .
Moreover , there was a decrease in collagen deposition with the statistical difference ( p < 0.05 ) for both collagen types III and I .
In conclusion , PBMT application was proved effective in the treatment of cutaneous wounds in rats submitted to a hypoproteic diet .
These alterations were more salient in the proliferation stage with the reduction of metalloproteinases providing better mechanical resistance of the injured area @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of type I collagen .

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been indicated for enforcement on healing skin wounds. This study evaluated the effects of PBMT on the healing of skin wounds during the proliferation phase in rats with a hypoproteic diet. Rats were randomized to one of the following groups (n = 10 per group): (i) injured normoproteic (25% protein) not subjected to PBMT; (ii) injured normoproteic who received PBMT; (iii) injured hypoproteic (8% protein) not subjected to PBMT; and (iv) injured hypoproteic who received PBMT. Rats were submitted to skin wounds and then treated with PBMT (low-level laser therapy: 660 nm, 50 mW, 1.07 W/cm, 0.028 cm, 72 J/cm, 2 J). Analyses were performed at 7 and 14 days of follow-up: semi-quantitative histopathologic analysis, collagen type I and III expressions, immunohistochemical marking for matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) and (matrix metalloproteinases-9) MMP-9, and mechanical resistance test. There were significant differences between the normoproteic groups and their respective treated groups (p<0.05), as well as to treated and untreated hypoproteic groups in histopathologic analysis semi-quantitatively and immunohistochemistry for MMP-3 and 9, in which PBMT was able to decrease immunostaining. Moreover, there was a decrease in collagen deposition with the statistical difference (p<0.05) for both collagen types III and I. In conclusion, PBMT application was proved effective in the treatment of cutaneous wounds in rats submitted to a hypoproteic diet. These alterations were more salient in the proliferation stage with the reduction of metalloproteinases providing better mechanical resistance of the injured area in the remodeling phase with an intensification of type I collagen.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-09--Ivor Cummins on Why Lockdowns Don't Work and Cause Harm: CRUCIAL Viral Update Dec 7th - Europe and U

Ivor Cummins on Why Lockdowns Don't Work and Cause Harm: CRUCIAL Viral Update Dec 7th - Europe and USA Explained

Ivor Cummins reveals the data showing that the lockdowns have not had a net positive effect in the countries implementing @ @ @ @ @ , they have caused massive harm .
[ source : Youtube ] If you like @ @ @ @ @ considering supporting his Patreon channel .
Learn more by reading Ivor Cummins curation of published @ @ @ @ @ he calls `` lockdown weak efficacy – and lockdown huge harms . ''
• Was @ @ @ @ @ – Homburg • EPIDEMIOLOGY Too Little of a Good Thing Paper Note : also go @ @ @ @ @ LOCKDOWN – A FOCUS ON THE POOR AND CHILDREN

Ivor Cummins reveals the data showing that the lockdowns have not had a net positive effect in the countries implementing them; to the contrary, they have caused massive harm. [source: Youtube]
If you like Ivor's work, please considering supporting his Patreon channel. Learn more by reading Ivor Cummins curation of published papers and data on what he calls "lockdown weak efficacy – and lockdown huge harms."


greenmedinfo--2020-12-10--A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on five trials showed that music can be an effective

AIMS : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of music intervention on breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers .
DESIGN : A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials following Cochrane methods were conducted .
DATA SOURCES : We performed a literature search in Web of Science , Science Direct , PubMed , MEDLINE , Cochrane Library , CINAHL , the Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations , Ovid and ProQuest without year limitation .
The review period covered January 1978-March 2020. REVIEW METHODS : Two independent researchers screened the literature using specific keywords @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the PICOS criteria .
RESULT : Of 2,081 randomized controlled trials , 5 were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis .
The total sample of the five trials was 554 participants .
Active and passive music lasting 11-60 min was played in 1-14 sessions .
No publication bias was noted .
Cochran 's Q test results pointed to a low level of heterogeneity among the randomized controlled trials .
Overall , the results showed that music intervention had a low and positive effect on breast @ @ @ @ @ @ @ : A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on five trials showed that music can be an effective way to increase breast milk production .
IMPACT : This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of music on breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers and found sound evidence supporting its positive effects .
Nurses , academics , mothers , and their children and society can benefit from these results .
Nurses who give counselling to breastfeeding mothers can use music intervention to help them increase breast milk production .

AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of music intervention on breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers.
DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials following Cochrane methods were conducted.
DATA SOURCES: We performed a literature search in Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, the Networked Digital Library of Theses&Dissertations, Ovid and ProQuest without year limitation. The review period covered January 1978-March 2020.
REVIEW METHODS: Two independent researchers screened the literature using specific keywords and selected randomized controlled trials based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the PICOS criteria.
RESULT: Of 2,081 randomized controlled trials, 5 were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The total sample of the five trials was 554 participants. Active and passive music lasting 11-60 min was played in 1-14 sessions. No publication bias was noted. Cochran's Q test results pointed to a low level of heterogeneity among the randomized controlled trials. Overall, the results showed that music intervention had a low and positive effect on breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers.
CONCLUSION: A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on five trials showed that music can be an effective way to increase breast milk production.
IMPACT: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of music on breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers and found sound evidence supporting its positive effects. Nurses, academics, mothers, and their children and society can benefit from these results. Nurses who give counselling to breastfeeding mothers can use music intervention to help them increase breast milk production.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-10--Vocal music listening is an effective and easily applicable tool to support cognitive recovery after

Vocal music listening is an effective and easily applicable tool to support cognitive recovery after stroke.

OBJECTIVE : Previous studies suggest that daily music listening can aid stroke recovery , but little is known about the stimulus-dependent and neural mechanisms driving this effect .
Building on neuroimaging evidence that vocal music engages extensive and bilateral networks in the brain , we sought to determine if it would be more effective for enhancing cognitive and language recovery and neuroplasticity than instrumental music or speech after stroke .
METHODS : Using data pooled from two single-blind randomized controlled trials in stroke patients ( N = 83 ) , we compared the effects of daily listening to self-selected vocal @ @ @ @ @ @ @ during the first 3 poststroke months .
Outcome measures comprised neuropsychological tests of verbal memory ( primary outcome ) , language , and attention and a mood questionnaire performed at acute , 3-month , and 6-month stages and structural and functional MRI at acute and 6-month stages .
RESULTS : Listening to vocal music enhanced verbal memory recovery more than instrumental music or audiobooks and language recovery more than audiobooks , especially in aphasic patients .
Voxel-based morphometry and resting-state and task-based fMRI results showed that vocal music listening selectively increased gray matter @ @ @ @ @ @ @ connectivity in the default mode network .
INTERPRETATION : Vocal music listening is an effective and easily applicable tool to support cognitive recovery after stroke as well as to enhance early language recovery in aphasia .
The rehabilitative effects of vocal music are driven by both structural and functional plasticity changes in temporoparietal networks crucial for emotional processing , language , and memory .

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies suggest that daily music listening can aid stroke recovery, but little is known about the stimulus-dependent and neural mechanisms driving this effect. Building on neuroimaging evidence that vocal music engages extensive and bilateral networks in the brain, we sought to determine if it would be more effective for enhancing cognitive and language recovery and neuroplasticity than instrumental music or speech after stroke.
METHODS: Using data pooled from two single-blind randomized controlled trials in stroke patients (N = 83), we compared the effects of daily listening to self-selected vocal music, instrumental music, and audiobooks during the first 3 poststroke months. Outcome measures comprised neuropsychological tests of verbal memory (primary outcome), language, and attention and a mood questionnaire performed at acute, 3-month, and 6-month stages and structural and functional MRI at acute and 6-month stages.
RESULTS: Listening to vocal music enhanced verbal memory recovery more than instrumental music or audiobooks and language recovery more than audiobooks, especially in aphasic patients. Voxel-based morphometry and resting-state and task-based fMRI results showed that vocal music listening selectively increased gray matter volume in left temporal areas and functional connectivity in the default mode network.
INTERPRETATION: Vocal music listening is an effective and easily applicable tool to support cognitive recovery after stroke as well as to enhance early language recovery in aphasia. The rehabilitative effects of vocal music are driven by both structural and functional plasticity changes in temporoparietal networks crucial for emotional processing, language, and memory.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-11--Isolation and structure elucidation of polysaccharides from fruiting bodies of mushroom Coriolus ver

Isolation and structure elucidation of polysaccharides from fruiting bodies of mushroom Coriolus versicolor and evaluation of their immunomodulatory effects.

Coriolus versicolor is an edible medicinal mushroom in China .
Two polysaccharides , named as CVPn and CVPa were separated @ @ @ @ @ of Coriolus versicolor by water extraction and ethanol precipitation .
Their chemical structures were well @ @ @ @ @ monosaccharide composition , methylation analysis and 1D/2D-NMR spectra data .
The bioactivities on RAW 264.7 @ @ @ @ @ and further structure-bioactivity relationships were concluded .
With molecular weight of 29.7 kDa for CVPn @ @ @ @ @ , the two isolated polysaccharides were both composed of ( l → 4 ) -β-/ @ @ @ @ @ -β-d-glucopyranosyl group as backbone with branches attached at O-6 site .
Comparing to CVPn , @ @ @ @ @ weight and less branches showed significant induction of NO production , obvious augmentation of iNOS @ @ @ @ @ , and phagocytosis on RAW 264.7 cells .
These results clarified that CVP polysaccharides with @ @ @ @ @ weight possessed enhanced immunomodulatory ability , and this finding could be a reference for the @ @ @ @ @

Coriolus versicolor is an edible medicinal mushroom in China. Two polysaccharides, named as CVPn and CVPa were separated from the dried fruiting bodies of Coriolus versicolor by water extraction and ethanol precipitation. Their chemical structures were well elucidated with overall consideration of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis and 1D/2D-NMR spectra data. The bioactivities on RAW 264.7 macrophages cells were evaluated, and further structure-bioactivity relationships were concluded. With molecular weight of 29.7 kDa for CVPn and 50.8 kDa for CVPa, the two isolated polysaccharides were both composed of (l → 4)-β-/(1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl group as backbone with branches attached at O-6 site. Comparing to CVPn, CVPa with relative high molecular weight and less branches showed significant induction of NO production, obvious augmentation of iNOS and TNF-α mRNA expression level, and phagocytosis on RAW 264.7 cells. These results clarified that CVP polysaccharides with less branches and high molecular weight possessed enhanced immunomodulatory ability, and this finding could be a reference for the utilization of Coriolus versicolor.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-10--Coriolus versicolor polysaccharides (CVP) regulates neuronal apoptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfus

Coriolus versicolor polysaccharides (CVP) regulates neuronal apoptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background : This study aims to investigate the regulation of herbal polysaccharide , Coriolus versicolor polysaccharides ( CVP ) , on neuronal apoptosis in a rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury ( CIRI ) model .
We also intend to explore the mechanisms and effectiveness of CVP in the treatment of neuronal apoptosis in CIRI rats , including neurological function , cerebral infarction volume , inflammatory factors , and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase ( p38MAPK ) signaling pathway as well as its downstream protein cleaved-Caspase-3 .
Methods : A CIRI model was established in rats using the Longa method of middle @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and cerebral infarction volumes were measured in CIRI rats .
Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate ( FITC ) were used to measure neuronal apoptosis in CIRI rats .
The levels of interleukin-1β ( IL-1β ) and tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) in CIRI rats were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) .
A western blot assay was used to measure the protein expression levels of p38MAPK , phospho-p38MAPK ( p-p38MAPK ) , Bcl-2 , Bax and cleaved-Caspase-3 in brain tissue of CIRI rats .
Results : CVP can effectively improve the neurological @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , 24 , and 48 h of CIRI .
It can also improve the behavioral test , reduce the cerebral infarction volume and inhibit the apoptosis of nerve cells in CIRI rats .
The protein expression levels of p-p38MAPK and cleaved-Caspase-3 exhibited a decreasing trend following CVP administration .
Conclusions : CVP can significantly reduce the pathological characteristics of CIRI in rats and inhibit the apoptosis of nerve cells around the lesions .
The mechanism of its effectiveness is related to inhibiting the activation of the p38MAPK signaling pathway .

Background: This study aims to investigate the regulation of herbal polysaccharide, Coriolus versicolor polysaccharides (CVP), on neuronal apoptosis in a rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) model. We also intend to explore the mechanisms and effectiveness of CVP in the treatment of neuronal apoptosis in CIRI rats, including neurological function, cerebral infarction volume, inflammatory factors, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway as well as its downstream protein cleaved-Caspase-3.
Methods: A CIRI model was established in rats using the Longa method of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurological function scores and cerebral infarction volumes were measured in CIRI rats. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were used to measure neuronal apoptosis in CIRI rats. The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in CIRI rats were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A western blot assay was used to measure the protein expression levels of p38MAPK, phospho-p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK), Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved-Caspase-3 in brain tissue of CIRI rats.
Results: CVP can effectively improve the neurological function of rats after 6, 12, 24, and 48 h of CIRI. It can also improve the behavioral test, reduce the cerebral infarction volume and inhibit the apoptosis of nerve cells in CIRI rats. The protein expression levels of p-p38MAPK and cleaved-Caspase-3 exhibited a decreasing trend following CVP administration.
Conclusions: CVP can significantly reduce the pathological characteristics of CIRI in rats and inhibit the apoptosis of nerve cells around the lesions. The mechanism of its effectiveness is related to inhibiting the activation of the p38MAPK signaling pathway.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-10--Daily Green Tea and Coffee Benefits Diabetes

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greenmedinfo--2020-12-10--Extract from the Coriolus versicolor fungus as an anti-inflammatory agent with cytotoxic properties

Extract from the Coriolus versicolor fungus as an anti-inflammatory agent with cytotoxic properties against endothelial cells and Breast cancer cells.

Chronic inflammation is a well-recognised tumour-enabling component , which includes bioactive molecules from cells infiltrating the tumour microenvironment and increases the risk of cancer progression .
Since long-term use of the currently available anti-inflammatory drugs used in cancer therapy causes numerous side effects , the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an extract isolated from thefungus ( CV extract ) on HUVEC endothelial cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells in a pro-inflammatory microenvironment mimicked by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) .
The cells were simultaneously stimulated with the LPS and CV extract .
After co-treatment , the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ species ( ROS ) , wound-healing assay , production of the pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors ( interleukin ( IL ) 6 , IL-8 , and metalloproteinase ( MMP ) 9 ) ) , as well as expression of Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) 4 and phosphorylated IκB ( p-IκB ) were evaluated .
The results showed that the CV extract inhibited IL-6 , IL-8 , and MMP-9 production by the LPS-stimulated cells .
This effect was accompanied by a decrease in TLR4 and p-IκB expression .
The CV extract also had anti-migratory properties @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that was enhanced in the presence of LPS .
The observed cytotoxicity was associated with an increase in ROS generation .
We conclude that the CV extract possesses cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and endothelial cells and has the ability to inhibit the expression of the pro-tumorigenic factors associated with inflammation .

Chronic inflammation is a well-recognised tumour-enabling component, which includes bioactive molecules from cells infiltrating the tumour microenvironment and increases the risk of cancer progression. Since long-term use of the currently available anti-inflammatory drugs used in cancer therapy causes numerous side effects, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an extract isolated from thefungus (CV extract) on HUVEC endothelial cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells in a pro-inflammatory microenvironment mimicked by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cells were simultaneously stimulated with the LPS and CV extract. After co-treatment, the cell viability, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), wound-healing assay, production of the pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors (interleukin (IL) 6, IL-8, and metalloproteinase (MMP) 9)), as well as expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and phosphorylated IκB (p-IκB) were evaluated. The results showed that the CV extract inhibited IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-9 production by the LPS-stimulated cells. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in TLR4 and p-IκB expression. The CV extract also had anti-migratory properties and induced a cytotoxic effect on thecells that was enhanced in the presence of LPS. The observed cytotoxicity was associated with an increase in ROS generation. We conclude that the CV extract possesses cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and endothelial cells and has the ability to inhibit the expression of the pro-tumorigenic factors associated with inflammation.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-10--Fermentation characteristics of novel Coriolus versicolor and Lentinus edodes kombucha beverages and

Fermentation characteristics of novel Coriolus versicolor and Lentinus edodes kombucha beverages and immunomodulatory potential of their polysaccharide extracts.

Medicinal mushrooms , Coriolus versicolor and Lentinus edodes are extremely attractive as nutraceuticals .
Here we used fruiting bodies to @ @ @ @ @ Microbiological , physicochemical and chemical properties were monitored for eleven days , while the immunological @ @ @ @ @ were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC ) cultures .
FTIR analysis of @ @ @ @ @ of polysaccharides , in addition to phenols , lipids and proteins .
C. versicolor kombucha @ @ @ @ @ , and a higher content of total polysaccharides , phenols and flavonoids compared to L. @ @ @ @ @ extracts were not cytotoxic for PBMC in vitro up to 500 µg/ml , while immunomodulatory @ @ @ @ @ compositions .
The most prominent effect was on the reduction of Th2 cytokines and IL-10 @ @ @ @ @ on these results , novel kombucha products could be recommended as functional beverages or nutraceuticals @ @ @ @ @ in allergies .

Medicinal mushrooms, Coriolus versicolor and Lentinus edodes are extremely attractive as nutraceuticals. Here we used fruiting bodies to prepare novel kombucha beverage. Microbiological, physicochemical and chemical properties were monitored for eleven days, while the immunological properties of kombucha polysaccharide extracts were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. FTIR analysis of polysaccharide extracts showed dominant presence of polysaccharides, in addition to phenols, lipids and proteins. C. versicolor kombucha extract displayed more complex polysaccharides, and a higher content of total polysaccharides, phenols and flavonoids compared to L. edodes kombucha extract. The extracts were not cytotoxic for PBMC in vitro up to 500 µg/ml, while immunomodulatory effects depended on their chemical compositions. The most prominent effect was on the reduction of Th2 cytokines and IL-10 in PBMC cultures. Based on these results, novel kombucha products could be recommended as functional beverages or nutraceuticals with potentially beneficial immunomodulatory effects in allergies.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-10--White tea reduced bone loss by suppressing the TRAP/CTX pathway in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is an important skeletal disease characterized by bone weakness and high risk of fracture in postmenopausal women .
Tea consumption is known to play an important role in the prevention or alleviation of osteoporosis .
However , the therapeutic effects of aqueous extracts of white tea ( WT ) have not been evaluated in osteoporosis rat models .
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-osteoporotic role of WT in ovariectomized ( OVX ) rats .
WT was given orally at 0.5 % w/v doses for 12 weeks in OVX rats .
Biochemical parameters in blood @ @ @ @ @ @ @ TRAP ) , C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen ( CTX ) and estradiol levels were evaluated .
Bone mineral density and bone mineral content values were measured in the left femur .
In addition to histopathological examination , osteolcalcin , osteopontin and TUNEL levels were determined .
OVX group data demonstrated that bone loss occurred by thinning of the metaphyseal growth plates of the femur .
Similarly , the levels of TRAP and CTX , markers of osteoclastic activity , were found to be high concurrently with a decrease in femoral bone @ @ @ @ @ @ @ osteolcalcin and osteopontin levels were present in the metaphyseal growth zones .
On the other hand , while TRAP and CTX levels were suppressed in the OVX-WT group , bone mineral content increased .
In ad-dition , TUNEL , osteocalcin and osteopontin positivity decreased in the right femoral metaphysis growth zones , proliferating zone and resting zone cells .
These results showed that chronic WT consumption has a protective effect by reducing bone resorption in OVX-induced osteoporotic rats .

Osteoporosis is an important skeletal disease characterized by bone weakness and high risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. Tea consumption is known to play an important role in the prevention or alleviation of osteoporosis. However, the therapeutic effects of aqueous extracts of white tea (WT) have not been evaluated in osteoporosis rat models. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-osteoporotic role of WT in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. WT was given orally at 0.5% w/v doses for 12 weeks in OVX rats. Biochemical parameters in blood samples, bone tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and estradiol levels were evaluated. Bone mineral density and bone mineral content values were measured in the left femur. In addition to histopathological examination, osteolcalcin, osteopontin and TUNEL levels were determined. OVX group data demonstrated that bone loss occurred by thinning of the metaphyseal growth plates of the femur. Similarly, the levels of TRAP and CTX, markers of osteoclastic activity, were found to be high concurrently with a decrease in femoral bone mineral density. In addition, increased osteolcalcin and osteopontin levels were present in the metaphyseal growth zones. On the other hand, while TRAP and CTX levels were suppressed in the OVX-WT group, bone mineral content increased. In ad-dition, TUNEL, osteocalcin and osteopontin positivity decreased in the right femoral metaphysis growth zones, proliferating zone and resting zone cells. These results showed that chronic WT consumption has a protective effect by reducing bone resorption in OVX-induced osteoporotic rats.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-10--Antidepressant effect of shaded white leaf tea.

The young leaves of green tea become lighter in color than usual when protected from sunlight by a shading net for about two weeks while growing .
These leaves are called '' shaded white leaf tea '' or SWLT .
In the eluate of SWLT , the amount of amino acids ( 361 mg/L ) was significantly higher than that in regular tea ( 53.5 mg/L ) .
Since theanine and arginine , the first and second most abundant amino acids in SWLT , have significant antistress effects , we examined the antistress effect of SWLT on humans .
SWLT @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) was eluted with room-temperature water ( 500 mL ) .
Participants consumed the tea for one week prior to pharmacy practice and continued for 10 days in the practice period .
The state-trait anxiety inventory , an anxiety questionnaire , tended to be scored lower in the SWLT group than the placebo , but other stress markers showed no differences .
The effect of the difference in SWLT components examined with mice showed that aspartic acid and asparagine , which are abundant in SWLT , counteracted the antistress effects of theanine and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ interfered with SWLT 's antistress effect .
Thus , SWLT , which is high in caffeine and amino acids , suppressed depressant behavior in mice .

The young leaves of green tea become lighter in color than usual when protected from sunlight by a shading net for about two weeks while growing. These leaves are called"shaded white leaf tea"or SWLT. In the eluate of SWLT, the amount of amino acids (361 mg/L) was significantly higher than that in regular tea (53.5 mg/L). Since theanine and arginine, the first and second most abundant amino acids in SWLT, have significant antistress effects, we examined the antistress effect of SWLT on humans. SWLT or placebo green tea (3 g) was eluted with room-temperature water (500 mL). Participants consumed the tea for one week prior to pharmacy practice and continued for 10 days in the practice period. The state-trait anxiety inventory, an anxiety questionnaire, tended to be scored lower in the SWLT group than the placebo, but other stress markers showed no differences. The effect of the difference in SWLT components examined with mice showed that aspartic acid and asparagine, which are abundant in SWLT, counteracted the antistress effects of theanine and arginine. Large amounts of caffeine also interfered with SWLT's antistress effect. Thus, SWLT, which is high in caffeine and amino acids, suppressed depressant behavior in mice.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-10--Ultra-marathon induces the mobilization of vitamin D into the blood.

PURPOSE : While an increasing number of studies demonstrate the importance of vitamin D for athletic performance , the effects of any type of exercise on vitamin D metabolism are poorly characterized .
We aimed to identify the responses of some vitamin D metabolites to ultra-marathon runs .
METHODS : A repeated-measures design was implemented , in which 27 amateur runners were assigned into two groups : those who received a single dose of vitamin D ( 150,000 IU ) 24 h before the start of the marathon ( = 13 ) and those ( = 14 ) who received @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 24 h before , immediately after , and 24 h after the run .
RESULTS : In both groups of runners , serum 25 ( OH ) D , 24,25 ( OH ) D , and 3 -- 25 ( OH ) Dlevels significantly increased by 83 % , 63 % , and 182 % after the ultra-marathon , respectively .
The increase was most pronounced in the vitamin D group .
Body mass and fat mass significantly decreased after the run in both groups .
CONCLUSIONS : Ultra-marathon induces the mobilization of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , the 24,25 ( OH ) Dand 3 -- 25 ( OH ) Dincreases imply that the exercise stimulates vitamin D metabolism .

PURPOSE: While an increasing number of studies demonstrate the importance of vitamin D for athletic performance, the effects of any type of exercise on vitamin D metabolism are poorly characterized. We aimed to identify the responses of some vitamin D metabolites to ultra-marathon runs.
METHODS: A repeated-measures design was implemented, in which 27 amateur runners were assigned into two groups: those who received a single dose of vitamin D(150,000 IU) 24 h before the start of the marathon (= 13) and those (= 14) who received a placebo. Blood samples were collected 24 h before, immediately after, and 24 h after the run.
RESULTS: In both groups of runners, serum 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)D, and 3--25(OH)Dlevels significantly increased by 83%, 63%, and 182% after the ultra-marathon, respectively. The increase was most pronounced in the vitamin D group. Body mass and fat mass significantly decreased after the run in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Ultra-marathon induces the mobilization of vitamin D into the blood. Furthermore, the 24,25(OH)Dand 3--25(OH)Dincreases imply that the exercise stimulates vitamin D metabolism.


greenmedinfo--2020-12-10--Pre-exercise intake of a moderate dose of caffeine may effectively increase fat utilization during a

Pre-exercise intake of a moderate dose of caffeine may effectively increase fat utilization during aerobic exercise.

A number of previous investigations have been designed to determine the effect of acute caffeine intake on the rate of fat oxidation during exercise .
However , these investigations have shown contradictory results due to the differences in the exercise protocols used or the co-ingestion of caffeine with other substances .
Hence , to date , there is no consensus about the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise .
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review followed by a meta-analysis to establish the effect of acute intake of caffeine ( ranging from 2 to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the rate of fat oxidation during exercise .
A total of 19 studies published between 1978 and 2020 were included , all of which employed crossover experimental designs in which the ingestion of caffeine was compared to a placebo .
Studies were selected if the exercise intensity was consistent in the caffeine and placebo trials and if these were preceded by a fasting protocol .
A subsequent meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference ( SMD ) .
The meta-analysis revealed that caffeine significantly ( = @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( SMD = 0.73 ; 95 % CI = 0.19 to 1.27 ) .
This increment was consistent with a significant ( = 0.04 ) reduction of the respiratory exchange ratio ( SMD = -0.33 ; 95 % CI = -0.65 to -0.01 ) and a significant ( = 0.049 ) increase in the oxygen uptake ( SMD = 0.23 ; 95 % CI = 0.01 to 0.44 ) .
The results also showed that there was a dose-response effect of caffeine on the fat oxidation rate , indicating that more than 3.0 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ significant effect of this stimulant on fat oxidation during exercise .
Additionally , the ability of caffeine to enhance fat oxidation during exercise was higher in sedentary or untrained individuals than in trained and recreational athletes .
In conclusion , pre-exercise intake of a moderate dose of caffeine may effectively increase fat utilization during aerobic exercise of submaximal intensity performed after a fasting period .
However , the fitness level of the participant may modulate the magnitude of the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise .

A number of previous investigations have been designed to determine the effect of acute caffeine intake on the rate of fat oxidation during exercise. However, these investigations have shown contradictory results due to the differences in the exercise protocols used or the co-ingestion of caffeine with other substances. Hence, to date, there is no consensus about the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review followed by a meta-analysis to establish the effect of acute intake of caffeine (ranging from 2 to 7 mg/kg of body mass) on the rate of fat oxidation during exercise. A total of 19 studies published between 1978 and 2020 were included, all of which employed crossover experimental designs in which the ingestion of caffeine was compared to a placebo. Studies were selected if the exercise intensity was consistent in the caffeine and placebo trials and if these were preceded by a fasting protocol. A subsequent meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD). The meta-analysis revealed that caffeine significantly (= 0.008) increased the fat oxidation rate (SMD = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.19 to 1.27). This increment was consistent with a significant (= 0.04) reduction of the respiratory exchange ratio (SMD = -0.33; 95% CI = -0.65 to -0.01) and a significant (= 0.049) increase in the oxygen uptake (SMD = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.44). The results also showed that there was a dose-response effect of caffeine on the fat oxidation rate, indicating that more than 3.0 mg/kg is necessary to obtain a statistically significant effect of this stimulant on fat oxidation during exercise. Additionally, the ability of caffeine to enhance fat oxidation during exercise was higher in sedentary or untrained individuals than in trained and recreational athletes. In conclusion, pre-exercise intake of a moderate dose of caffeine may effectively increase fat utilization during aerobic exercise of submaximal intensity performed after a fasting period. However, the fitness level of the participant may modulate the magnitude of the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise.