greenmedinfo--2020-11-17--Top Five Traditional, Fermented Anti-Aging Foods

Want a simple way to boost your brain power , heart health , digestion , disease resistance and energy level ?
If that all sounds too good to be true , it 's time you got acquainted with the top five traditional , fermented antiaging foods If you are interested in optimizing and maintaining your health and vitality , eating a nutrient-dense diet is a critical piece to the puzzle .
Consuming foods with high levels of essential vitamins , minerals and micronutrients provides cells with the building blocks for regeneration and disease prevention and is essential to long-term wellness @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of nutrition , bite-for-bite , are fermented foods .
An ancient method of food preservation , fermentation is a natural process in which microbes , such as bacteria or yeast , convert sugars into acids or alcohol under anaerobic conditions .
Fermentation produces `` good '' bacteria called probiotics , which confer a wealth of benefits to intestinal flora when consumed , enhancing the health of your gut microbiome and boosting your immune system .
Is Fermented Food the REAL Fountain of Youth ?
With nearly 35 % of the U.S. population aged @ @ @ @ @ @ @ medical researchers are on the hunt for a real fountain of youth .
Thanks to the enzymatic boost provided by living microbes in fermented foods , the secret to lifelong vitality may lie in adding these nutritional powerhouses to your dinner plate .
The scientifically backed health benefits of eating probiotic-rich fermented foods include : There are many delicious options for adding fermented foods and beverages to your diet .
Fermenting foods imbues them with a complex flavor profile and a tart , tanginess that can be enjoyed at breakfast , lunch and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ fermented foods , start by adding a couple of teaspoons to your plate as an addition to regular meals .
You can work up to enjoying fermented foods as mainstays of your diet , and even create new recipes for you and your family to enjoy .
Your body -- and your microbiome -- will thank you for it for years to come .
Yogurt is a popular fermented milk product with a sour taste and creamy texture .
Most yogurts contain bacterial cultures , however products can vary in the amount of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ when reading labels .
If you purchase yogurt , look for `` live and active cultures '' on the container or a guaranteed minimum viable bacteria count , and avoid the many heavily sugared brands .
Yogurt is also remarkably simple to make at home , requiring only a saucepan or pressure cooker to boil the milk , and starter cultures to begin the fermentation process .
Most commercial yogurts contain acidophilus bacterium or bifidobacterium lactis , which you can add using liquid or powdered probiotics or by adding a small amount of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ you ca n't drink milk without digestive upset and think yogurt is off limits , fermented dairy products may be an exception .
Fermentation helps break down lactose , the natural sugar in milk , so even individuals with lactose intolerance may be able to digest yogurt and kefir without difficulty .
[ x ] Kefir is a yogurt-like drink with a thinner consistency and higher protein than yogurt but possessing the same digestive benefits .
[ xi ] The benefits of fermented milk products are not exclusive to dairy milk .
Vegans @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of non-dairy yogurt in most health food stores , including soy , almond , and coconut milk yogurts .
Fermenting vegetables is a great way to get the health benefits of probiotics in a way that suits your personal taste .
Cultures from around the world have been fermenting native varieties of produce for centuries as a way to preserve food before modern refrigeration .
While freshly picked vegetables may only be viable for a matter of days , fermenting vegetables in brine and storing in air-tight jars can increase shelf-life to several @ @ @ @ @ @ @ find easy inspiration for your fermentation adventures from traditional multicultural recipes like Korean kimchi .
A spicy pickled condiment made from cabbage and red chili , kimchi has been associated with anticancer properties .
[ xiii ] Kimchi is also credited with antiaging effects due to its ability to decrease free radical production .
[ xiv ] Other traditional options for fermenting vegetables include raw sauerkraut and pickled cucumbers , cauliflower and even leafy greens like mustard and collard .
Do n't forget to add flavorful spices such as dill and coriander , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , ginger and chilis or hot peppers .
Kombucha is a tart , fizzy , fermented tea beverage that has become something of a cultural zeitgeist .
Popular with health enthusiasts of all ages , you can step up to a kombucha bar in many urban centers and take classes on how to brew your own Instagram-worthy bottles in a multitude of exotic flavors .
Kombucha is brewed using a batch of sweetened tea and a bacteria and yeast pancake called a SCOBY ( symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast ) .
Both @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , however black tea and white sugar are considered the finest mediums for traditional kombucha .
[ xv ] The SCOBY floats in the tea , feeding on the sugary elixir , growing in size and eventually sealing off the liquid at the top like a raft .
This keeps potential harmful bacteria at bay and creates the ideal anaerobic conditions for fermentation .
A ratio of 50 grams of sucrose per liter of purified water has been used in traditional recipes and is considered the optimal concentration of ethanol and lactic acid @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in a lightly covered jar at room temperature ( 70° to 80°F ) for one to three weeks ; the longer the tea is allowed to ferment , the stronger and tarter it becomes .
Once the brew has achieved desired strength , transfer the liquid into individual bottles where it can be flavored with fresh or candied fruits , ginger slices , raisins , vanilla and the like .
Transfer the now-larger SCOBY ( it will add a layer with every batch ) to a new container to begin the process again @ @ @ @ @ @ @ amount of tea in a sealed jar in the refrigerator to slow the growth process .
The bottled tea can be stored at room temperature for one to two weeks to encourage carbonation , after which time it should be refrigerated .
Experimenting with flavors and potency is part of the fun , and recipes can be modified to suit individual taste preferences .
Be sure to use impeccably clean equipment in your process to ensure that no harmful bacteria are introduced .
Besides being delicious , healthful and fun to make , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to sip kombucha .
Kombucha 's antioxidant activity has been found to be 100 times higher than vitamin C and 25 times higher than vitamin E. [ xvii ] Kombucha 's high levels of vitamin C boost immunity , and its antioxidant power protects against cell damage , inflammatory diseases , suppressed immunity and tumors .
[ xviii ] Kombucha has also been shown to be effective for prevention against broad-spectrum metabolic and infective disorders .
[ xix ] Made by fermenting apple juice with yeast , apple cider vinegar or ACV , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the world-over .
Used to make salad dressing , marinades and baked goods , ACV is also used in many food-based personal care recipes due to its ability to add shine to hair and clarity to your complexion .
Good bacteria from the yeast convert alcohol that develops during fermentation into acetic acid , which is responsible for ACV 's distinctive sharp , sour smell and taste .
[ xx ] ACV is attributed with antidiabetic and antioxidant effects that make it a useful ally in the fight against diabetes , [ xxi @ @ @ @ @ @ @ world .
A 2017 study of obese rats found that a daily dose of ACV attenuated oxidative stress and reduced the risk of heart attack associated with obesity-related cardiovascular disease .
[ xxii ] Other beneficial metabolic effects attributed to small , daily doses of ACV include balancing cholesterol [ xxiii ] and offering natural antimicrobial activity , [ xxiv ] especially useful in our age of growing antibiotic resistance .
Because of its high acidity , consuming too much ACV can be irritating to your teeth , throat and stomach .
As @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it 's recommended to start with no more than 2 tablespoons of ACV diluted with equal parts water , taken on an empty stomach immediately upon waking as a jump-start to your daily digestive processes .
A traditional staple of the Japanese diet , miso -- fermented soybean paste -- is credited with saving the lives of 21 health care workers stationed less than 2 kilometers from ground zero , Nagasaki , Japan , on August 9 , 1945 .
[ xxv ] Dr. Tatuichiro Akizuki , a physician , credited this miracle @ @ @ @ @ @ @ daily cups of miso soup garnished with wakame seaweed .
[ xxvi ] A 2003 study from the Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine at Hiroshima University showed that miso does , in fact , have the ability to prevent radiation injury .
[ xxvii ] Made by combining a mash of soybeans and grains with sea salt and koji ( a mold starter ) , the mixture is fermented for three months to three years , depending on the strength of flavor desired .
The resulting enzyme-rich paste contains vitamins , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ carbohydrates , fat and living microorganisms .
The potent , salty flavor of miso makes it a great base for soups and sauces and for flavoring meat substitutes like tempeh .
Proof that not everything that 's good for you has to be bland , frequent , long-term consumption of miso soup has been associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer [ xxviii ] and reduced risk of heart disease .
[ xxix ] Fermented soy products have also demonstrated effectiveness at staving off bone diseases like osteoporosis .
[ xxx ] @ @ @ @ @ @ @ S , Fragkos KC , Scott SM , Whelan K. The effect of probiotics on functional constipation in adults : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials .
Am J Clin Nutr .
2014 ; 100 ( 4 ) :1075-1084. doi : 10.3945/ajcn.114.089151 [ iii ] Maggini S , Wintergerst ES , Beveridge S , Hornig DH .
Selected vitamins and trace elements support immune function by strengthening epithelial barriers and cellular and humoral immune responses .
Br J Nutr .
2007 ; 98 Suppl 1 : S29-S35 .
doi : @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Darimont C , Drapeau V , et al .
Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women .
Br J Nutr .
2014 ; 111 ( 8 ) :1507-1519. doi : 10.1017/S0007114513003875 [ v ] Ritchie ML , Romanuk TN .
A meta-analysis of probiotic efficacy for gastrointestinal diseases .
PLoS One .
2012 ; 7 ( 4 ) : e34938 .
doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0034938 [ vi ] King S , Glanville J , Sanders ME , Fitzgerald A , Varley D. Effectiveness of probiotics @ @ @ @ @ @ @ children and adults who develop common acute respiratory infectious conditions : a systematic review and meta-analysis .
Br J Nutr .
2014 ; 112 ( 1 ) :41-54. doi : 10.1017/S0007114514000075 [ vii ] Sonestedt E , Wirfält E , Wallström P , Gullberg B , Orho-Melander M , Hedblad B .
Dairy products and its association with incidence of cardiovascular disease : the Malmö diet and cancer cohort .
Eur J Epidemiol .
2011 ; 26 ( 8 ) :609-618. doi : 10.1007/s10654-011-9589-y [ viii ] Messaoudi M , Lalonde R , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of psychotropic-like properties of a probiotic formulation ( Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 ) in rats and human subjects .
Br J Nutr .
2011 ; 105 ( 5 ) :755-764. doi : 10.1017/S0007114510004319 [ x ] Hertzler SR , Clancy SM .
Kefir improves lactose digestion and tolerance in adults with lactose maldigestion .
J Am Diet Assoc .
2003 ; 103 ( 5 ) :582-587. doi : 10.1053/jada.2003.50111 [ xi ] Hertzler SR , Clancy SM .
Kefir improves lactose digestion and tolerance in adults with lactose maldigestion .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ 103 ( 5 ) :582-587. doi : 10.1053/jada.2003.50111 [ xii ] Harvard Health Publishing , Harvard Medical School , Staying Healthy , Fermented foods can add depth to your diet .
Published : July , 2018. https : //www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/fermented-foods-can-add-depth-to-your-diet [ xiii ] Pounder RE , Ng D ( 1995 ) .
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PMID : 8547526 [ xiv ] Park , Kun-Young , Jeong , Ji-Kang , Lee , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 2014/01/24 .
Health Benefits of Kimchi ( Korean Fermented Vegetables ) as a Probiotic Food .
10.1089/jmf.2013.3083 .
Journal of medicinal food .
[ xv ] Jayabalan , R. , Malbaša , R.V.
, Lončar , E.S.
, Vitas , J.S .
and Sathishkumar , M. ( 2014 ) , A Review on Kombucha Tea -- Microbiology , Composition , Fermentation , Beneficial Effects , Toxicity , and Tea Fungus .
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety , 13 : 538-550. doi : 10.1111/1541-4337.12073 [ xvi ] Jayabalan , R. , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Vitas , J.S .
and Sathishkumar , M. ( 2014 ) , A Review on Kombucha Tea -- Microbiology , Composition , Fermentation , Beneficial Effects , Toxicity , and Tea Fungus .
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety , 13 : 538-550. doi : 10.1111/1541-4337.12073 [ xvii ] Adriani L , Mayasari N , Kartasudjana RA : `` The effect of feeding fermented kombucha tea on HLD , LDL and total cholesterol levels in the duck bloods . ''
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[ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Mayasari N , Kartasudjana RA : `` The effect of feeding fermented kombucha tea on HLD , LDL and total cholesterol levels in the duck bloods . ''
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[ AGRIS ] [ xix ] Current Evidence on Physiological Activity and Expected Health Effects of Kombucha Fermented Beverage .
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[ PubMed ] [ xxi ] Ben Hmad Halima , Khlifi Sarra , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Aouidet Abdallah .
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2013 ; 26 ( 2 ) :91-103. doi : 10.1293/tox.26.91 [ xxvii ] Shiraki K , Une K @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Mineoka A , and Watanabe H. Inhibition by long-term fermented miso of induction of pulmonary adenocarcinoma by diisopropanolnitrosamine in Wistar rats .
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Want a simple way to boost your brain power, heart health, digestion, disease resistance and energy level? If that all sounds too good to be true, it's time you got acquainted with the top five traditional, fermented antiaging foods
If you are interested in optimizing and maintaining your health and vitality, eating a nutrient-dense diet is a critical piece to the puzzle. Consuming foods with high levels of essential vitamins, minerals and micronutrients provides cells with the building blocks for regeneration and disease prevention and is essential to long-term wellness.
One of the most potent sources of nutrition, bite-for-bite, are fermented foods. An ancient method of food preservation, fermentation is a natural process in which microbes, such as bacteria or yeast, convert sugars into acids or alcohol under anaerobic conditions. Fermentation produces "good" bacteria called probiotics, which confer a wealth of benefits to intestinal flora when consumed, enhancing the health of your gut microbiome and boosting your immune system.
Is Fermented Food the REAL Fountain of Youth?
With nearly 35% of the U.S. population aged 45 and older,[i] medical researchers are on the hunt for a real fountain of youth. Thanks to the enzymatic boost provided by living microbes in fermented foods, the secret to lifelong vitality may lie in adding these nutritional powerhouses to your dinner plate. The scientifically backed health benefits of eating probiotic-rich fermented foods include:
Improved digestion [ii]
Boosted immunity [iii]
Enhanced weight loss [iv]
Treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases [v]
Faster healing from colds and flus [vi]
Reduced risk of heart disease [vii]
Improved symptoms of anxiety and depression [viii]
Antiaging effects[ix]
There are many delicious options for adding fermented foods and beverages to your diet. Fermenting foods imbues them with a complex flavor profile and a tart, tanginess that can be enjoyed at breakfast, lunch and dinner. If you're new to fermented foods, start by adding a couple of teaspoons to your plate as an addition to regular meals.
You can work up to enjoying fermented foods as mainstays of your diet, and even create new recipes for you and your family to enjoy. Your body -- and your microbiome -- will thank you for it for years to come.
Top Five Traditional Fermented Foods
1. Yogurt
Yogurt is a popular fermented milk product with a sour taste and creamy texture. Most yogurts contain bacterial cultures, however products can vary in the amount of probiotics they contain, so be conscious when reading labels. If you purchase yogurt, look for "live and active cultures" on the container or a guaranteed minimum viable bacteria count, and avoid the many heavily sugared brands.
Yogurt is also remarkably simple to make at home, requiring only a saucepan or pressure cooker to boil the milk, and starter cultures to begin the fermentation process. Most commercial yogurts contain acidophilus bacterium or bifidobacterium lactis, which you can add using liquid or powdered probiotics or by adding a small amount of an existing batch of yogurt.
If you can't drink milk without digestive upset and think yogurt is off limits, fermented dairy products may be an exception. Fermentation helps break down lactose, the natural sugar in milk, so even individuals with lactose intolerance may be able to digest yogurt and kefir without difficulty.[x] Kefir is a yogurt-like drink with a thinner consistency and higher protein than yogurt but possessing the same digestive benefits.[xi]
The benefits of fermented milk products are not exclusive to dairy milk. Vegans and dairy-averse individuals can find several varieties of non-dairy yogurt in most health food stores, including soy, almond, and coconut milk yogurts.
2. Fermented Vegetables
Fermenting vegetables is a great way to get the health benefits of probiotics in a way that suits your personal taste. Cultures from around the world have been fermenting native varieties of produce for centuries as a way to preserve food before modern refrigeration. While freshly picked vegetables may only be viable for a matter of days, fermenting vegetables in brine and storing in air-tight jars can increase shelf-life to several months.[xii]
You can find easy inspiration for your fermentation adventures from traditional multicultural recipes like Korean kimchi. A spicy pickled condiment made from cabbage and red chili, kimchi has been associated with anticancer properties.[xiii] Kimchi is also credited with antiaging effects due to its ability to decrease free radical production.[xiv]
Other traditional options for fermenting vegetables include raw sauerkraut and pickled cucumbers, cauliflower and even leafy greens like mustard and collard. Don't forget to add flavorful spices such as dill and coriander, or for a spicier mix include garlic, ginger and chilis or hot peppers.
3. Kombucha
Kombucha is a tart, fizzy, fermented tea beverage that has become something of a cultural zeitgeist. Popular with health enthusiasts of all ages, you can step up to a kombucha bar in many urban centers and take classes on how to brew your own Instagram-worthy bottles in a multitude of exotic flavors.
Kombucha is brewed using a batch of sweetened tea and a bacteria and yeast pancake called a SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast). Both green and black tea can be used, however black tea and white sugar are considered the finest mediums for traditional kombucha.[xv]
The SCOBY floats in the tea, feeding on the sugary elixir, growing in size and eventually sealing off the liquid at the top like a raft. This keeps potential harmful bacteria at bay and creates the ideal anaerobic conditions for fermentation. A ratio of 50 grams of sucrose per liter of purified water has been used in traditional recipes and is considered the optimal concentration of ethanol and lactic acid.[xvi]
Leave the brew in a lightly covered jar at room temperature (70° to 80°F) for one to three weeks; the longer the tea is allowed to ferment, the stronger and tarter it becomes. Once the brew has achieved desired strength, transfer the liquid into individual bottles where it can be flavored with fresh or candied fruits, ginger slices, raisins, vanilla and the like.
Transfer the now-larger SCOBY (it will add a layer with every batch) to a new container to begin the process again, or store it in a small amount of tea in a sealed jar in the refrigerator to slow the growth process. The bottled tea can be stored at room temperature for one to two weeks to encourage carbonation, after which time it should be refrigerated.
Experimenting with flavors and potency is part of the fun, and recipes can be modified to suit individual taste preferences. Be sure to use impeccably clean equipment in your process to ensure that no harmful bacteria are introduced.
Besides being delicious, healthful and fun to make, there are at least 18 healthy reasons to sip kombucha. Kombucha's antioxidant activity has been found to be 100 times higher than vitamin C and 25 times higher than vitamin E.[xvii] Kombucha's high levels of vitamin C boost immunity, and its antioxidant power protects against cell damage, inflammatory diseases, suppressed immunity and tumors.[xviii] Kombucha has also been shown to be effective for prevention against broad-spectrum metabolic and infective disorders.[xix]
4. Apple Cider Vinegar
Made by fermenting apple juice with yeast, apple cider vinegar , or ACV, is a staple of health food kitchens the world-over. Used to make salad dressing, marinades and baked goods, ACV is also used in many food-based personal care recipes due to its ability to add shine to hair and clarity to your complexion. Good bacteria from the yeast convert alcohol that develops during fermentation into acetic acid, which is responsible for ACV's distinctive sharp, sour smell and taste.[xx]
ACV is attributed with antidiabetic and antioxidant effects that make it a useful ally in the fight against diabetes,[xxi] a common problem in the developed world. A 2017 study of obese rats found that a daily dose of ACV attenuated oxidative stress and reduced the risk of heart attack associated with obesity-related cardiovascular disease.[xxii]
Other beneficial metabolic effects attributed to small, daily doses of ACV include balancing cholesterol[xxiii] and offering natural antimicrobial activity,[xxiv] especially useful in our age of growing antibiotic resistance.
Because of its high acidity, consuming too much ACV can be irritating to your teeth, throat and stomach. As a supplement to daily health maintenance, it's recommended to start with no more than 2 tablespoons of ACV diluted with equal parts water, taken on an empty stomach immediately upon waking as a jump-start to your daily digestive processes.
5. Miso
A traditional staple of the Japanese diet, miso -- fermented soybean paste -- is credited with saving the lives of 21 health care workers stationed less than 2 kilometers from ground zero, Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9, 1945.[xxv]
Dr. Tatuichiro Akizuki, a physician, credited this miracle to the fact that everyone was consuming daily cups of miso soup garnished with wakame seaweed.[xxvi] A 2003 study from the Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine at Hiroshima University showed that miso does, in fact, have the ability to prevent radiation injury.[xxvii]
Made by combining a mash of soybeans and grains with sea salt and koji (a mold starter), the mixture is fermented for three months to three years, depending on the strength of flavor desired. The resulting enzyme-rich paste contains vitamins, salts, minerals, plant proteins, carbohydrates, fat and living microorganisms. The potent, salty flavor of miso makes it a great base for soups and sauces and for flavoring meat substitutes like tempeh.
Proof that not everything that's good for you has to be bland, frequent, long-term consumption of miso soup has been associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer[xxviii] and reduced risk of heart disease.[xxix] Fermented soy products have also demonstrated effectiveness at staving off bone diseases like osteoporosis.[xxx]


greenmedinfo--2020-11-19--Formononetin had the therapeutic effects in attenuating airway inflammation and oxidative stress in

Formononetin had the therapeutic effects in attenuating airway inflammation and oxidative stress in asthma.

Allergic asthma has been considered as a respiratory disorder with pathological features of airway inflammation and remodeling , which involves oxidative stress .
Formononetin ( FMT ) is a bioactive isoflavone obtained from Chinese herb Radix Astragali , and has been reported to have notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in several diseases .
The purpose of our study was to elaborate the effects of FMT on asthma and the underlying mechanisms .
To establish allergic asthma model , BALB/c mice were given ovalbumin ( OVA ) sensitization and challenge , treated with FMT ( 10 , 20 , 40 mg/kg @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The effects of FMT on lung inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed .
In OVA-induced asthmatic mice , FMT treatments significantly ameliorated lung function , alleviated lung inflammation including infiltration of inflammatory cells , the elevated levels of interleukin ( IL ) -4 , IL-5 , and IL-13 , immunoglobulin ( Ig ) E , C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 ( CCL5 , also known as RANTES ) , CCL11 ( also called Eotaxin-1 ) , and IL-17A .
In addition , FMT treatments eminently blunted goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition @ @ @ @ @ @ @ displayed by decreased reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , and increased superoxide diamutase ( SOD ) activity .
Furthermore , to clarify the potential mechanisms responsible for the effects , we determined the inflammation and oxidation-related signaling pathway including nuclear factor kappaβ ( NF-κB ) , c-Jun N-terminal kinase ( JNK ) , and the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) .
FMT treatments appeared to dramatically inhibit the activation of NF-κB and JNK , significantly elevated the expression of heme oxygenase 1 ( HO-1 ) but @ @ @ @ @ @ @ In conclusion , our study suggested that FMT had the therapeutic effects in attenuating airway inflammation and oxidative stress in asthma .

Allergic asthma has been considered as a respiratory disorder with pathological features of airway inflammation and remodeling, which involves oxidative stress. Formononetin (FMT) is a bioactive isoflavone obtained from Chinese herb Radix Astragali, and has been reported to have notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in several diseases. The purpose of our study was to elaborate the effects of FMT on asthma and the underlying mechanisms. To establish allergic asthma model, BALB/c mice were given ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge, treated with FMT (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (2 mg/kg). The effects of FMT on lung inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed. In OVA-induced asthmatic mice, FMT treatments significantly ameliorated lung function, alleviated lung inflammation including infiltration of inflammatory cells, the elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, immunoglobulin (Ig) E, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5, also known as RANTES), CCL11 (also called Eotaxin-1), and IL-17A. In addition, FMT treatments eminently blunted goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition, and remarkably reduced oxidative stress as displayed by decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased superoxide diamutase (SOD) activity. Furthermore, to clarify the potential mechanisms responsible for the effects, we determined the inflammation and oxidation-related signaling pathway including nuclear factor kappaβ (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). FMT treatments appeared to dramatically inhibit the activation of NF-κB and JNK, significantly elevated the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) but failed to activate expression of Nrf2. In conclusion, our study suggested that FMT had the therapeutic effects in attenuating airway inflammation and oxidative stress in asthma.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-19--Renoprotective effect of formononetin by suppressing Smad3 expression in Db/Db mice.

Purpose : Glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis are the most important pathologies in the development of kidney damage under diabetic conditions .
Smad3 plays antagonistic roles in high glucose-induced renal tubular fibrosis , which is an important treatment target for diabetic nephropathy ( DN ) .
Formononetin ( FMN ) has multiple effects on diabetic vascular complications including DN .
However , whether it plays an anti-fibrosis role by regulating smad3 is unclear .
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the renoprotective effect of FMN by suppressing smad3 expression in db/db mice .
Methods : FMN was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ dose of 25 or 50 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks .
At the end of the study , serum , urine , and kidney samples were collected for biochemical and pathological examinations .
The expressions of proteins and mRNA associated with renal fibrosis were determined by biochemical , histological , immunofluorescence , and real-time PCR analysis .
Results : The results showed that FMN substantially improved the glucolipid metabolism , reduced the oxidative stress , and protected renal function in db/db mice .
Meanwhile , protein and mRNA expression of smad3 and related regulatory @ @ @ @ @ @ @ suppressed .
Conclusion : The present study suggested that FMN has a good renoprotective effect in DN , which plays an anti-fibrosis role in db/db mice by suppressing the expression of smad3 .

Purpose: Glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis are the most important pathologies in the development of kidney damage under diabetic conditions. Smad3 plays antagonistic roles in high glucose-induced renal tubular fibrosis, which is an important treatment target for diabetic nephropathy (DN). Formononetin (FMN) has multiple effects on diabetic vascular complications including DN. However, whether it plays an anti-fibrosis role by regulating smad3 is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the renoprotective effect of FMN by suppressing smad3 expression in db/db mice.
Methods: FMN was orally administered to db/db mice with a dose of 25 or 50 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, serum, urine, and kidney samples were collected for biochemical and pathological examinations. The expressions of proteins and mRNA associated with renal fibrosis were determined by biochemical, histological, immunofluorescence, and real-time PCR analysis.
Results: The results showed that FMN substantially improved the glucolipid metabolism, reduced the oxidative stress, and protected renal function in db/db mice. Meanwhile, protein and mRNA expression of smad3 and related regulatory factor of extracellular matrix deposition were significantly suppressed.
Conclusion: The present study suggested that FMN has a good renoprotective effect in DN, which plays an anti-fibrosis role in db/db mice by suppressing the expression of smad3.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--The results suggested that C. aronia L. could be used as a potential treatment against human lung ca

The results suggested that C. aronia L. could be used as a potential treatment against human lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE : For Arabian traditional medicine , Crataegus aronia syn .
Azarolus ( L ) Bosc .
ex DC ( Rosaceae ) is widely used to treat diabetes , sexual weakness , cardiovascular diseases and cancer .
The anti-cancerous and anti-hemolysis effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of this plant have never been investigated before .
The present study aims to evaluate the biological activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of Crataegus aronia leaves in combination with cisplatin , one of the most widely employed chemotherapeutics , on A549 human lung cancer cell line .
METHODS : The anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative activities @ @ @ @ @ @ @ C. aronia were investigated by DPPH method and MTT assay ; respectively .
Cell migration activity was investigated by wound healing and by cell aggregation assays .
The effect of C. aronia in inducing cell cycle arrest along with activating cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blot assays , respectively .
RESULTS : Our results showed that C. aronia leaves ( C. aronia L. ) had the highest anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative activities .
The leaves extract was potent against hemolysis of the human erythrocytes and showed elevated decrease in migration @ @ @ @ @ @ @ increasing cell aggregation .
Finally , C. aronia L. treatment exhibited apoptotic activity on A549 cells by the down-regulation of PARP-1 , caspase-3 and Bcl-2 proteins and by increasing the percentage of A549 cells in sub G0 cell cycle .
Moreover , the co-treatment of C. aronia L. and cisplatin remarkably sensitised A549 cells to cisplatin .
CONCLUSION : The results suggested that C. aronia L. could be used as a potential treatment against human lung cancer exhibiting minimal side effects on human health .
.

OBJECTIVE: For Arabian traditional medicine, Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L) Bosc. ex DC (Rosaceae) is widely used to treat diabetes, sexual weakness, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The anti-cancerous and anti-hemolysis effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of this plant have never been investigated before. The present study aims to evaluate the biological activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of Crataegus aronia leaves in combination with cisplatin, one of the most widely employed chemotherapeutics, on A549 human lung cancer cell line.
METHODS: The anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative activities of leaves, fruits, seeds of C. aronia were investigated by DPPH method and MTT assay; respectively. Cell migration activity was investigated by wound healing and by cell aggregation assays. The effect of C. aronia in inducing cell cycle arrest along with activating cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blot assays, respectively.
RESULTS: Our results showed that C. aronia leaves (C. aronia L.) had the highest anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative activities. The leaves extract was potent against hemolysis of the human erythrocytes and showed elevated decrease in migration by reducing wound healing migration and by increasing cell aggregation. Finally, C. aronia L. treatment exhibited apoptotic activity on A549 cells by the down-regulation of PARP-1, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 proteins and by increasing the percentage of A549 cells in sub G0 cell cycle. Moreover, the co-treatment of C. aronia L. and cisplatin remarkably sensitised A549 cells to cisplatin.
CONCLUSION: The results suggested that C. aronia L. could be used as a potential treatment against human lung cancer exhibiting minimal side effects on human health.
.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--Tualang honey ameliorates hypoxia-induced memory deficits.

Objectives : A growing body of evidence indicates that hypoxia exposure causes learning and memory deficits .
An effective natural therapeutic approach has , however , not been explored widely .
Our previous studies found that Tualang honey administration protected learning and memory functions in ovariectomized rats .
Therefore , the present study investigated its efficacy in ameliorating hypoxia-induced memory deficits in adult male Sprague Dawley rats .
Materials and Methods : The rats were divided into four groups : i ) Normoxia treated with sucrose ( n=12 ) , ii ) Normoxia treated with Tualang honey ( n=12 ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( n=12 ) , and iv ) Hypoxia treated with Tualang honey ( n=12 ) .
Tualang honey ( 0.2 g/kg/BW ) and sucrose ( 1 mL of 7.9 % ) supplementations were administered orally to the rats daily for 14 days .
Then the hypoxia groups were exposed to hypoxia ( ~11 % ) for 7 days , while the normoxia groups were kept in normal conditions .
Following exposure to hypoxia , the rats ' memories were analyzed using a novel object recognition task and T-maze test .
Results : The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ showed significant impairment in short-term memory ( STM ) , spatial memory ( p < 0.01 ) , and long-term memory ( LTM ) when compared to the normoxia group .
Hypoxia rats treated with Tualang honey showed significant improvement in STM , LTM , and spatial memory ( p < 0.05 ) compared with those treated with sucrose ( p < 0.05 ) .
Tualang honey also reduced neuronal damage in the hippocampus of adult male Sprague Dawley rats exposed to hypoxia .
Conclusion : It is suggested that Tualang honey pretreatment @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , possibly through its antioxidant contents .

Objectives: A growing body of evidence indicates that hypoxia exposure causes learning and memory deficits. An effective natural therapeutic approach has, however, not been explored widely. Our previous studies found that Tualang honey administration protected learning and memory functions in ovariectomized rats. Therefore, the present study investigated its efficacy in ameliorating hypoxia-induced memory deficits in adult male Sprague Dawley rats.
Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into four groups: i) Normoxia treated with sucrose (n=12), ii) Normoxia treated with Tualang honey (n=12), iii) Hypoxia treated with sucrose (n=12), and iv) Hypoxia treated with Tualang honey (n=12). Tualang honey (0.2 g/kg/BW) and sucrose (1 mL of 7.9%) supplementations were administered orally to the rats daily for 14 days. Then the hypoxia groups were exposed to hypoxia (~11%) for 7 days, while the normoxia groups were kept in normal conditions. Following exposure to hypoxia, the rats' memories were analyzed using a novel object recognition task and T-maze test.
Results: The data revealed that rats exposed to hypoxia showed significant impairment in short-term memory (STM), spatial memory (p<0.01), and long-term memory (LTM) when compared to the normoxia group. Hypoxia rats treated with Tualang honey showed significant improvement in STM, LTM, and spatial memory (p<0.05) compared with those treated with sucrose (p<0.05). Tualang honey also reduced neuronal damage in the hippocampus of adult male Sprague Dawley rats exposed to hypoxia.
Conclusion: It is suggested that Tualang honey pretreatment has protective effects against hypoxia-induced memory deficits, possibly through its antioxidant contents.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--Protective effects of honey and bee venom against lipopolysaccharide and carbon tetrachloride-induce

Protective effects of honey and bee venom against lipopolysaccharide and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatoxicity and lipid peroxidation.

In the present study , the protective effects of honey and bee venom ( BV ) either independently or in combination against lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) and carbon tetrachloride ( CCl ) -induced hepatoxicity , lipid peroxidation , and hematological alterations in male albino rats were investigated .
In addition , histopathological alterations of hepatic tissues induced by LPS/CCLwere recorded .
Sixty-four of male albino rats of average weight 120-150 g were included in this study .
Rats were divided into eight equal groups of eight .
The obtained results demonstrated that treatment with LPS/CClcaused an increase in the levels @ @ @ @ @ @ @ changes in the hepatic function biomarkers that characterized by the increased levels of transaminases ( AST , ALT ) .
The results showed oxidative stress as assigned by the increase in lipid peroxide .
Meantime detraction in the antioxidants , including glutathione peroxidase was observed .
Interruptions in biochemical parameters accompanied by disturbances in hematological parameters and liver histopathology were resulted due to exposure to LPS/CCl .
This study showed the use of honey and BV provided a protective effect on hepatotoxicity induced by LPS/CCl .
This might have been occurred through the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Alpha-fetoprotein '' in serum and the equilibration of the antioxidation system , thereby , inhibiting the reactive oxygen species accumulation .
Honey and BV administration reestablish disturbed hematological parameters and liver histopathology persuaded by LPS/CCl .
More interesting , we demonstrated that using a combination of the honey and BV showed promising enhancement in their protective effects over the use of just one of the two reagents .

In the present study, the protective effects of honey and bee venom (BV) either independently or in combination against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatoxicity, lipid peroxidation, and hematological alterations in male albino rats were investigated. In addition, histopathological alterations of hepatic tissues induced by LPS/CCLwere recorded. Sixty-four of male albino rats of average weight 120-150 g were included in this study. Rats were divided into eight equal groups of eight. The obtained results demonstrated that treatment with LPS/CClcaused an increase in the levels of alpha-fetoprotein, which was accompanied by changes in the hepatic function biomarkers that characterized by the increased levels of transaminases (AST, ALT). The results showed oxidative stress as assigned by the increase in lipid peroxide. Meantime detraction in the antioxidants, including glutathione peroxidase was observed. Interruptions in biochemical parameters accompanied by disturbances in hematological parameters and liver histopathology were resulted due to exposure to LPS/CCl. This study showed the use of honey and BV provided a protective effect on hepatotoxicity induced by LPS/CCl. This might have been occurred through the reduction of hepatic transaminases and the"Alpha-fetoprotein"in serum and the equilibration of the antioxidation system, thereby, inhibiting the reactive oxygen species accumulation. Honey and BV administration reestablish disturbed hematological parameters and liver histopathology persuaded by LPS/CCl. More interesting, we demonstrated that using a combination of the honey and BV showed promising enhancement in their protective effects over the use of just one of the two reagents.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--The findings suggest that the consumption of natural honey can alleviate doxorubicin-induced toxicit

The findings suggest that the consumption of natural honey can alleviate doxorubicin-induced toxicity.

Objective : Doxorubicin-mediated chemotherapy has been linked in cancer patients with acute toxic manifestations .
This study aimed to assess the protective effect of natural honey against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in mice .
Methods : Forty male BALB/C mice were divided randomly and equally into four groups of ten mice .
Group I was on a normal diet and served as the control .
Group II received only honey to investigate its antitoxic effects ( oral administration at 10 g/kg for 10 days ) .
Group III was injected with a single dose of doxorubicin ( 10 mg/kg i.p. )
.
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
On day 11 , blood was taken from the various groups of mice and the quantitative and qualitative changes were observed in the white blood cells .
The levels of hepatic , renal , and cardiac toxicity biomarkers including aspartate aminotransaminase ( AST ) , alanine aminotransaminase ( ALT ) , blood nitrogen urea ( BUN ) , serum creatinine , lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) , and creatinine kinase ( CK ) were also assessed .
Results : This study revealed that doxorubicin caused acute toxicity , including weight loss , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ altered liver , kidney , and cardiac parameters ( 0.05 ) .
White blood cells in the blood picture from the doxorubicin-injected mice exhibited toxicological changes , including abnormal morphology , disorganized nuclei , dispersed chromatin strands , and granules .
The consumption of honey improved the liver , kidney , and heart biomarkers of toxicity in doxorubicin-injected mice ( 0.05 ) .
Honey reduced the levels of ALT , AST , BUN , serum creatinine , LDH , and CK in doxorubicin-injected mice ( 0.05 ) .
Conclusion : The findings suggest @ @ @ @ @ @ @ alleviate doxorubicin-induced toxicity in cancer patients .

Objective: Doxorubicin-mediated chemotherapy has been linked in cancer patients with acute toxic manifestations. This study aimed to assess the protective effect of natural honey against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in mice.
Methods: Forty male BALB/C mice were divided randomly and equally into four groups of ten mice. Group I was on a normal diet and served as the control. Group II received only honey to investigate its antitoxic effects (oral administration at 10 g/kg for 10 days). Group III was injected with a single dose of doxorubicin (10 mg/kg i.p.). Group IV received both doxorubicin and honey. On day 11, blood was taken from the various groups of mice and the quantitative and qualitative changes were observed in the white blood cells. The levels of hepatic, renal, and cardiac toxicity biomarkers including aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), blood nitrogen urea (BUN), serum creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine kinase (CK) were also assessed.
Results: This study revealed that doxorubicin caused acute toxicity, including weight loss, depletion of white blood cells, and altered liver, kidney, and cardiac parameters (0.05). White blood cells in the blood picture from the doxorubicin-injected mice exhibited toxicological changes, including abnormal morphology, disorganized nuclei, dispersed chromatin strands, and granules. The consumption of honey improved the liver, kidney, and heart biomarkers of toxicity in doxorubicin-injected mice (0.05). Honey reduced the levels of ALT, AST, BUN, serum creatinine, LDH, and CK in doxorubicin-injected mice (0.05).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that the consumption of natural honey can alleviate doxorubicin-induced toxicity in cancer patients.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--Bisphenols threaten male reproductive health via testicular cells.

Male reproductive function and health are largely dependent on the testes , which are strictly regulated by their major cell components , i. e. , Sertoli , Leydig , and germ cells .
Sertoli cells perform a crucial phagocytic function in addition to supporting the development of germ cells .
Leydig cells produce hormones essential for male reproductive function , and germ cell quality is a key parameter for male fertility assessment .
However , these cells have been identified as primary targets of endocrine disruptors , including bisphenols .
Bisphenols are a category of man-made organic chemicals used to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ personal care products such as lipsticks , face makeup , and nail lacquers .
Despite long-term uncertainty regarding their safety , bisphenols are still being used worldwide , especially bisphenol A .
While considerable attention has been paid to the effects of bisphenols on health , current bisphenol-related reproductive health cases indicate that greater attention should be given to these chemicals .
Bisphenols , especially bisphenol A , F , and S , have been reported to elicit various effects on testicular cells , including apoptosis , DNA damage , disruption of intercommunication @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of tight junctions , and arrest of proliferation , which threaten male reproductive health .
In addition , bisphenols are xenoestrogens , which alter organs and cells functions via agonistic or antagonistic interplay with hormone receptors .
In this review , we provide , andevidence that currently available brands of bisphenols impair male reproductive health through their action on testicular cells .

Male reproductive function and health are largely dependent on the testes, which are strictly regulated by their major cell components, i. e., Sertoli, Leydig, and germ cells. Sertoli cells perform a crucial phagocytic function in addition to supporting the development of germ cells. Leydig cells produce hormones essential for male reproductive function, and germ cell quality is a key parameter for male fertility assessment. However, these cells have been identified as primary targets of endocrine disruptors, including bisphenols. Bisphenols are a category of man-made organic chemicals used to manufacture plastics, epoxy resins, and personal care products such as lipsticks, face makeup, and nail lacquers. Despite long-term uncertainty regarding their safety, bisphenols are still being used worldwide, especially bisphenol A. While considerable attention has been paid to the effects of bisphenols on health, current bisphenol-related reproductive health cases indicate that greater attention should be given to these chemicals. Bisphenols, especially bisphenol A, F, and S, have been reported to elicit various effects on testicular cells, including apoptosis, DNA damage, disruption of intercommunication among cells, mitochondrial damage, disruption of tight junctions, and arrest of proliferation, which threaten male reproductive health. In addition, bisphenols are xenoestrogens, which alter organs and cells functions via agonistic or antagonistic interplay with hormone receptors. In this review, we provide, andevidence that currently available brands of bisphenols impair male reproductive health through their action on testicular cells.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--Bisphenol A decreases progesterone synthesis in human ovarian granulosa cells.

Evidences indicate that the decline of female fertility is becoming a common problem over the past few decades .
Environmental @ @ @ @ @ BPA ) has been considered as an endocrine-disrupting chemical deleteriously affecting human reproductions .
To @ @ @ @ @ BPA exposure on human ovarian granulosa cells , we treated human ovarian granulosa cell line @ @ @ @ @ concentrations ( 0.1 , 1 , 10 , and 100 μM ) of BPA for @ @ @ @ @ , 1 , and 10 μM BPA did not significantly affect the viability of KGN @ @ @ @ @ caused a statistically significant decrease in the viability of KGN .
Treatment KGN with 10 @ @ @ @ @ significant decrease in progesterone biosynthesis .
The treatment also significantly increased the expression of ATP @ @ @ @ @ 1 ( ABCA1 ) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein ( STAR ) .
In the @ @ @ @ @ BPA could lead to decreased progesterone production probably through the upregulation of ABCA1 in human @ @ @

Evidences indicate that the decline of female fertility is becoming a common problem over the past few decades. Environmental exposure of Bisphenol A (BPA) has been considered as an endocrine-disrupting chemical deleteriously affecting human reproductions. To better understand the effect of BPA exposure on human ovarian granulosa cells, we treated human ovarian granulosa cell line (KGN) with increasing concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM) of BPA for 24 hr. About 0.1, 1, and 10 μM BPA did not significantly affect the viability of KGN while 100 μM of BPA caused a statistically significant decrease in the viability of KGN. Treatment KGN with 10 μM BPA resulted in a significant decrease in progesterone biosynthesis. The treatment also significantly increased the expression of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR). In the current study, exposure to BPA could lead to decreased progesterone production probably through the upregulation of ABCA1 in human granulosa cells.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--These findings suggested that exposure to BPA might affect glucose homeostasis and the middle term o

These findings suggested that exposure to BPA might affect glucose homeostasis and the middle term of pregnancy.

Lab studies have suggested that exposure to Bisphenol A ( BPA ) could disturb glucose homeostasis , but epidemiologic studies are limited and show inconsistent results for pregnant women .
For this , 535 pregnant women were selected from a pregnant women cohort established in Tangshan City in North China between 2013 and 2014 .
Serum concentrations of BPA were measured in the early term of pregnancy , and fasting glucose and insulin levels were repeatedly measured in each of three terms of pregnancy ( early , middle , and late ) .
Gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ OGTT ) in the middle and late terms of pregnancy .
BPA was detected in 97.5 % of pregnant women with a median of 6.50 ng/ml .
Natural log-transformed BPA ( Ln BPA ) was positively associated with fasting glucose level ( β ( 95 % CI ) : 0.038 ( 0.015~0.061 ) ) , fasting insulin level ( 0.195 ( 0.069~0.321 ) ) , and homeostasis model insulin resistance index ( HOMA-IR ) ( 0.226 ( 0.087~0.364 ) ) in the middle term of pregnancy by multiple linear regression model after adjusting @ @ @ @ @ @ @ levels were divided into three groups ( low , middle , and high ) , BPA showed a positive dose-response relationship with blood glucose , insulin , and HOMA-IR in the middle term of pregnancy .
Increased BPA concentrationtended to increase the RR of GDM although not statistically significant ( risk ratio : 2.51 ( 95 % CI : 0.68~9.30 ) for high vs low tertile of BPA concentrations ) .
These findings suggested that exposure to BPA might affect glucose homeostasis and the middle term of pregnancy was a potentially sensitive period @

Lab studies have suggested that exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) could disturb glucose homeostasis, but epidemiologic studies are limited and show inconsistent results for pregnant women. For this, 535 pregnant women were selected from a pregnant women cohort established in Tangshan City in North China between 2013 and 2014. Serum concentrations of BPA were measured in the early term of pregnancy, and fasting glucose and insulin levels were repeatedly measured in each of three terms of pregnancy (early, middle, and late). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were examined by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in the middle and late terms of pregnancy. BPA was detected in 97.5% of pregnant women with a median of 6.50 ng/ml. Natural log-transformed BPA (Ln BPA) was positively associated with fasting glucose level (β (95% CI): 0.038 (0.015~0.061)), fasting insulin level (0.195 (0.069~0.321)), and homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (0.226 (0.087~0.364)) in the middle term of pregnancy by multiple linear regression model after adjusting for potential confounders. After serum BPA levels were divided into three groups (low, middle, and high), BPA showed a positive dose-response relationship with blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR in the middle term of pregnancy. Increased BPA concentrationtended to increase the RR of GDM although not statistically significant (risk ratio: 2.51 (95% CI: 0.68~9.30) for high vs low tertile of BPA concentrations). These findings suggested that exposure to BPA might affect glucose homeostasis and the middle term of pregnancy was a potentially sensitive period.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--Bisphenol A exposure increases epididymal susceptibility to infection in mice.

Male fertility is linked with several well-orchestrated events including spermatogenesis , epididymal maturation , capacitation , the acrosome reaction , fertilization , and beyond .
However , the detrimental effects of bisphenol A ( BPA ) on sperm maturation compared to spermatogenesis and sperm cells remain unclear .
Therefore , this study was to investigate whether pubertal exposure to BPA induces male infertility via interruption of the immune response in the epididymis .
CD-1 male mice ( 5 weeks old ) were treated daily with vehicle ( corn oil ) and 50 mg BPA/kg-BW for 6 weeks by oral gavage @ @ @ @ @ @ @ decreased intraepithelial projection of basal cells , indicative of changes to the luminal environment .
We also observed decreased projection of macrophages and protrusion of apoptotic cells into the lumen induced by incomplete phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in the caput epididymis .
Exposure to BPA also reduced the anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 , IL-6 , IFN-γ , and IL-7 in the epididymis , while the chemotaxis-associated cytokines CCL12 , CCL17 , CXCL16 , and MCP-1 increased .
This study suggests two possiblemechanisms for BPA induction of male infertility .
First , exposure @ @ @ @ @ @ @ immune homeostasis by disrupting the ability of basal cells to perceive environmental changes .
Second , exposure to BPA may lead to collapse of macrophage phagocytosis via downregulation of intraepithelial projection and inflammatory-related cytokines .
In conclusion , the observed potential pathways can lead to autoimmune disorders such epididymitis and orchitis .

Male fertility is linked with several well-orchestrated events including spermatogenesis, epididymal maturation, capacitation, the acrosome reaction, fertilization, and beyond. However, the detrimental effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on sperm maturation compared to spermatogenesis and sperm cells remain unclear. Therefore, this study was to investigate whether pubertal exposure to BPA induces male infertility via interruption of the immune response in the epididymis. CD-1 male mice (5 weeks old) were treated daily with vehicle (corn oil) and 50 mg BPA/kg-BW for 6 weeks by oral gavage. Following BPA exposure, we observed decreased intraepithelial projection of basal cells, indicative of changes to the luminal environment. We also observed decreased projection of macrophages and protrusion of apoptotic cells into the lumen induced by incomplete phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in the caput epididymis. Exposure to BPA also reduced the anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-7 in the epididymis, while the chemotaxis-associated cytokines CCL12, CCL17, CXCL16, and MCP-1 increased. This study suggests two possiblemechanisms for BPA induction of male infertility. First, exposure to BPA may induce an imbalance of immune homeostasis by disrupting the ability of basal cells to perceive environmental changes. Second, exposure to BPA may lead to collapse of macrophage phagocytosis via downregulation of intraepithelial projection and inflammatory-related cytokines. In conclusion, the observed potential pathways can lead to autoimmune disorders such epididymitis and orchitis.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--This study provides additional epidemiological evidence supporting an association between BPA and ca

This study provides additional epidemiological evidence supporting an association between BPA and cardiovascular disease.

As the most widely consumed endocrine-disrupting chemical , bisphenol A ( BPA ) has been linked to reproductive dysfunction , diabetes mellitus , and obesity .
However , the evidence for an association between BPA and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) remains insufficient .
In the present study , we aimed to identify the association between BPA and CVD , using data from the 2003-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys ( NHANES ) .
We estimated urine BPA concentration after adjustments for creatinine ( ng/mg ) and normalized the asymmetrical distribution using natural logarithmic transformation ( ln-BPA/Cr ) .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ evaluate the odds ratio ( OR ) and 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) for CVD , with ln-BPA/Cr concentration as predictor .
We then performed a Mantel-Haenszel meta-analysis with five eligible studies and NHANES 2003-2016 data .
Our subjects were 11,857 adults from the NHANES data .
After adjusting for age , sex , race/ethnicity , body mass index ( BMI ) , cigarette smoking , diabetes status , hypertension , and dyslipidemia , OR between ln-BPA/Cr and CVD was 1.13 ( 95 % CI : 1.02-1.24 ) .
After propensity-score-matching @ @ @ @ @ @ @ BMI , cigarette smoking , diabetes , hypertension , and dyslipidemia , OR continued to be significant for the association between ln-BPA/Cr and CVD ( OR : 1.18 , 95 % CI : 1.04-1.33 ) .
A restricted cubic spline plot of this relationship revealed a dose-dependent increase in OR .
However , untransformed BPA had a linear relationship with CVD only at low concentrations , whereas the OR of BPA plateaued at high concentrations .
In a meta-analysis with 22,878 subjects , after adjusting for age , sex , and various cardiometabolic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 95 % CI , 1.03-1.23 ) .
In conclusion , our study provides additional epidemiological evidence supporting an association between BPA and CVD .

As the most widely consumed endocrine-disrupting chemical, bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to reproductive dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. However, the evidence for an association between BPA and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains insufficient. In the present study, we aimed to identify the association between BPA and CVD, using data from the 2003-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). We estimated urine BPA concentration after adjustments for creatinine (ng/mg) and normalized the asymmetrical distribution using natural logarithmic transformation (ln-BPA/Cr). A multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for CVD, with ln-BPA/Cr concentration as predictor. We then performed a Mantel-Haenszel meta-analysis with five eligible studies and NHANES 2003-2016 data. Our subjects were 11,857 adults from the NHANES data. After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, diabetes status, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, OR between ln-BPA/Cr and CVD was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.02-1.24). After propensity-score-matching with age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, cigarette smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, OR continued to be significant for the association between ln-BPA/Cr and CVD (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04-1.33). A restricted cubic spline plot of this relationship revealed a dose-dependent increase in OR. However, untransformed BPA had a linear relationship with CVD only at low concentrations, whereas the OR of BPA plateaued at high concentrations. In a meta-analysis with 22,878 subjects, after adjusting for age, sex, and various cardiometabolic risk factors, OR was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.03-1.23). In conclusion, our study provides additional epidemiological evidence supporting an association between BPA and CVD.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--The effect of environmental Bisphenol A exposure on breast cancer associated with obesity.

Bisphenol A ( BPA ) is a widely used endocrine disrupter .
Its environmental exposure is a causative factor of @ @ @ @ @ activity , thus leading to shortening of telomere length .
Epidemiological studies confirm positive associations @ @ @ @ @ incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) .
Increased urinary BPA levels @ @ @ @ @ significantly correlated with shorter relative telomere length and T2DM .
BPA is a critically effective @ @ @ @ @ prognosis via the obesity-inflammation-aromatase axis in breast cancer .
Environmental BPA exposure contributes to the @ @ @ @ @ and triple negative breast cancers .
BPA is a positive regulator of human telomerase reverse @ @ @ @ @ it increases the expression of hTERT mRNA in breast cancer cells .
BPA exposure can @ @ @ @ @ Among patients treated with chemotherapy , those with persistent high telomerase activity due to BPA @ @ @ @ @ death .

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used endocrine disrupter. Its environmental exposure is a causative factor of cell aging via decreasing telomerase activity, thus leading to shortening of telomere length. Epidemiological studies confirm positive associations between BPA exposure and the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Increased urinary BPA levels in obese females are both significantly correlated with shorter relative telomere length and T2DM. BPA is a critically effective endocrine disrupter leading to poor prognosis via the obesity-inflammation-aromatase axis in breast cancer. Environmental BPA exposure contributes to the progression of both estrogen dependent and triple negative breast cancers. BPA is a positive regulator of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and it increases the expression of hTERT mRNA in breast cancer cells. BPA exposure can lead to tamoxifen resistance. Among patients treated with chemotherapy, those with persistent high telomerase activity due to BPA are at higher risk of death.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--Developmental neurotoxicity of low concentrations of bisphenol A and S exposure in zebrafish.

The vulnerability to environmental insults is heightened at early stages of development .
However , the neurotoxic potential of bisphenol A ( BPA ) and bisphenol S ( BPS ) at developmental windows remains unclear .
To investigate the mechanisms mediating the developmental neurotoxicity , zebrafish embryos were treated with 0.01 , 0.03 , 0.01 , 0.3 , 1 μM BPA/BPS .
Also , we used Tg ( HuC : GFP ) zebrafish to investigate whether BPA/BPS could induce neuron development .
The reduction in body length , and increased heart rate were significant in 0.3 and 1 μM BPA/BPS @ @ @ @ @ @ @ GFP ) intensity increased at 72 hpf and 120 hpfin Tg ( HuC : GFP ) larvae which was consistent with the increased mRNA expression of elval3 following BPS treatments , an indication of the plausible effect of BPS on embryonic neuron development .
Additionally , BPA/BPS treatments elicited hyperactivity and reduced static time in zebrafish larvae , suggesting behavioral alterations .
Moreover , qRT-PCR results showed that BPA and BPS could interfere with the normal expression of development-related genes vegfa , wnt8a , and mstn1 at the developmental stages .
The expression @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , gfap , α1-tubulin , mbp , and gap43 ) were significantly upregulated in BPA and BPS treatments , except for the remarkable downregulation of mbp and gfap elicited by BPA at 48 ( 0.03 μM ) and 120 hpf ( 0.3 μM ) respectively ; ngn1 at 48 hpf for 0.1 μM BPS .
Overall , our results highlighted that embryonic exposure to low concentrationsof BPA/BPS could be deleterious to the central nervous system development and elicit behavioral abnormalities in zebrafish at developmental stages .

The vulnerability to environmental insults is heightened at early stages of development. However, the neurotoxic potential of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) at developmental windows remains unclear. To investigate the mechanisms mediating the developmental neurotoxicity, zebrafish embryos were treated with 0.01, 0.03, 0.01, 0.3, 1 μM BPA/BPS. Also, we used Tg(HuC:GFP) zebrafish to investigate whether BPA/BPS could induce neuron development. The reduction in body length, and increased heart rate were significant in 0.3 and 1 μM BPA/BPS groups. The green fluorescence protein (GFP) intensity increased at 72 hpf and 120 hpfin Tg(HuC:GFP) larvae which was consistent with the increased mRNA expression of elval3 following BPS treatments, an indication of the plausible effect of BPS on embryonic neuron development. Additionally, BPA/BPS treatments elicited hyperactivity and reduced static time in zebrafish larvae, suggesting behavioral alterations. Moreover, qRT-PCR results showed that BPA and BPS could interfere with the normal expression of development-related genes vegfa, wnt8a, and mstn1 at the developmental stages. The expression of neurodevelopment-related genes (ngn1, elavl3, gfap, α1-tubulin, mbp, and gap43) were significantly upregulated in BPA and BPS treatments, except for the remarkable downregulation of mbp and gfap elicited by BPA at 48 (0.03 μM) and 120 hpf (0.3 μM) respectively; ngn1 at 48 hpf for 0.1 μM BPS. Overall, our results highlighted that embryonic exposure to low concentrationsof BPA/BPS could be deleterious to the central nervous system development and elicit behavioral abnormalities in zebrafish at developmental stages.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--Transgenerational effects on intestinal inflammation status in mice perinatally exposed to bisphenol

Transgenerational effects on intestinal inflammation status in mice perinatally exposed to bisphenol S.

Increasing evidence has highlighted the critical role of early life environment in shaping the future health outcomes of individuals in subsequent generations .
Bisphenol S ( BPS ) has been widely used as a substitute for various plastic materials due to the limited application of Bisphenol A ( BPA ) which is an endocrine disruptor .
However , the lack of efficient evaluation of BPS leaves doubts about the relevant substitute of BPA .
Few studies of transgenerational inheritance have examined the effects of environmental exposures to endocrine disruptors on the immune system .
In this study , we analyzed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ inflammation and its consequence in metabolism .
In this study , only F0 pregnant mice were exposed to BPS ( 1.5 μg/kg bw/day ) from gestational day 0 until weaning of offspring .
In this work , both F1 and F2 male offspring developed an inflammatory response in the ileum and colon at adulthood after F0 mothers were exposed to BPS ; this phenomenon disappeared in F3 .
This inflammatory response in F1 male offspring is associated with a significant decrease of blood cholesterol without modification of metabolic status .
Further , in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ gut inflammatory response is associated with a decrease of fat weight and with an increase of blood glucose and cholesterol level .
A sex-specific profile is observed in female offspring .
We also observed that early life exposure to BPS was associated with strong abnormal intestinal immune status .
The study presented here demonstrates that the immune system , like other organ systems , is vulnerable to transgenerational effects caused by environmental exposures .

Increasing evidence has highlighted the critical role of early life environment in shaping the future health outcomes of individuals in subsequent generations. Bisphenol S (BPS) has been widely used as a substitute for various plastic materials due to the limited application of Bisphenol A (BPA) which is an endocrine disruptor. However, the lack of efficient evaluation of BPS leaves doubts about the relevant substitute of BPA. Few studies of transgenerational inheritance have examined the effects of environmental exposures to endocrine disruptors on the immune system. In this study, we analyzed the transgenerational effects of BPS on intestinal inflammation and its consequence in metabolism. In this study, only F0 pregnant mice were exposed to BPS (1.5 μg/kg bw/day) from gestational day 0 until weaning of offspring. In this work, both F1 and F2 male offspring developed an inflammatory response in the ileum and colon at adulthood after F0 mothers were exposed to BPS; this phenomenon disappeared in F3. This inflammatory response in F1 male offspring is associated with a significant decrease of blood cholesterol without modification of metabolic status. Further, in F3 offspring male, the decrease of gut inflammatory response is associated with a decrease of fat weight and with an increase of blood glucose and cholesterol level. A sex-specific profile is observed in female offspring. We also observed that early life exposure to BPS was associated with strong abnormal intestinal immune status. The study presented here demonstrates that the immune system, like other organ systems, is vulnerable to transgenerational effects caused by environmental exposures.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--Bisphenol A increases TLR4-mediated inflammatory response.

In previous studies we found that bisphenol A ( BPA ) aggravated OVA-induced lung inflammation .
The aim of this research was to determine whether BPA exposure alone also induced inflammatory response in the lungs , which mechanism was associated with TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the activation of mTOR-mediated autophagy .
Female C57BL/6 mice aged 4 weeks were randomly divided into three groups ( 10/group ) : control group , 0.1 and 0.2 μg mLBPA groups .
BPA induced the pathological changes in the lung and increased the levels of cytokines and inflammatory cells , as well as affected autophagy @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the RAW264.7 cell culture experiment was conducted in order to confirm the role of autophagy .
We found that BPA can enhance autophagy flux by enhancing autophagosome formation .
It was further confirmed the details of the mechanism of action with chloroquine ( CQ , a compound that inhibits the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes ) intervention .
The inhibition of autophagy led to down-regulation of expression levels associated with inflammation .
This research results indicated that BPA induced inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo , and its mechanism may be related @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of mTOR-mediated autophagy .
After autophagy was suppressed , the inflammatory response also weakened .
Our findings provide a new perspective into the mechanisms underlying inflammatory responses induced by the environmental exposure .
These findings indicate that therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy may provide a new method for the treatment of inflammatory diseases .

In previous studies we found that bisphenol A (BPA) aggravated OVA-induced lung inflammation. The aim of this research was to determine whether BPA exposure alone also induced inflammatory response in the lungs, which mechanism was associated with TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the activation of mTOR-mediated autophagy. Female C57BL/6 mice aged 4 weeks were randomly divided into three groups (10/group): control group, 0.1 and 0.2 μg mLBPA groups. BPA induced the pathological changes in the lung and increased the levels of cytokines and inflammatory cells, as well as affected autophagy related proteins expression. In addition, the RAW264.7 cell culture experiment was conducted in order to confirm the role of autophagy. We found that BPA can enhance autophagy flux by enhancing autophagosome formation. It was further confirmed the details of the mechanism of action with chloroquine (CQ, a compound that inhibits the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes) intervention. The inhibition of autophagy led to down-regulation of expression levels associated with inflammation. This research results indicated that BPA induced inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo, and its mechanism may be related to TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the activation of mTOR-mediated autophagy. After autophagy was suppressed, the inflammatory response also weakened. Our findings provide a new perspective into the mechanisms underlying inflammatory responses induced by the environmental exposure. These findings indicate that therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy may provide a new method for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--Low-dose bisphenol-A promotes epigenetic changes at Pparγ promoter in adipose precursor cells.

Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as Bisphenol-A ( BPA ) is associated with an increase in obesity prevalence .
Diet is the primary cause of human exposure to this contaminant .
BPA promotes obesity by inducing adipocyte dysfunction and altering adipogenesis .
Contradictory evidence and unanswered questions are reported in the literature concerning the BPA effects on adipogenesis .
To clarify this issue , we tested the effects of prolonged low-dose BPA exposure on different phases of adipogenesis in committedand uncommittedpreadipocytes .
Our findings show that BPA effects on the adipogenesis are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms by reducing peroxisome proliferator-activated @ @ @ @ @ @ @ preadipocytes .
Nevertheless , in BPA-exposed , expression only transiently increases as lipid accumulation at day 4 of differentiation , without altering the adipogenic potential of the precursor cells .
In the absence of differentiation mix , BPA does not make thean in vitro model of spontaneous adipogenesis and the effects on theexpression are still limited at day 4 of differentiation .
Furthermore , BPA exposure does not commit theto the adipocyte lineage , althoughoverexpression is more evident both in preadipocytes and during the adipocyte differentiation .
Interestingly , termination of the BPA @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of thecells .
This study shows that BPA induces epigenetic changes in a key adipogenic gene .
These modifications are reversible and do not affect preadipocyte commitment and/or differentiation .
We identify an alternative transcriptional mechanism by which BPA affects gene expression and demonstrate how the challenge of preventing exposure is fundamental for human health .

Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as Bisphenol-A (BPA) is associated with an increase in obesity prevalence. Diet is the primary cause of human exposure to this contaminant. BPA promotes obesity by inducing adipocyte dysfunction and altering adipogenesis. Contradictory evidence and unanswered questions are reported in the literature concerning the BPA effects on adipogenesis. To clarify this issue, we tested the effects of prolonged low-dose BPA exposure on different phases of adipogenesis in committedand uncommittedpreadipocytes. Our findings show that BPA effects on the adipogenesis are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms by reducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma () promoter methylation in preadipocytes. Nevertheless, in BPA-exposed,expression only transiently increases as lipid accumulation at day 4 of differentiation, without altering the adipogenic potential of the precursor cells. In the absence of differentiation mix, BPA does not make thean in vitro model of spontaneous adipogenesis and the effects on theexpression are still limited at day 4 of differentiation. Furthermore, BPA exposure does not commit theto the adipocyte lineage, althoughoverexpression is more evident both in preadipocytes and during the adipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, termination of the BPA exposure restores thepromoter methylation and inflammatory profile of thecells. This study shows that BPA induces epigenetic changes in a key adipogenic gene. These modifications are reversible and do not affect preadipocyte commitment and/or differentiation. We identify an alternative transcriptional mechanism by which BPA affects gene expression and demonstrate how the challenge of preventing exposure is fundamental for human health.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-20--Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and toxic effects of ethanol extracts of Cucumis melo and Citrullus lan

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and toxic effects of ethanol extracts of Cucumis melo and Citrullus lanatus seeds.

Plants are vital in drug discovery , since many safe and bioactive molecules have been discovered from plants in past , hence this study was designed to evaluate analgesic , anti-inflammatory and toxic effects of Cucumis melo and Citrullus lanatus .
Seeds of these plants were selected due to their traditional value for medicinal use .
Analgesic activity was determined in mice by Eddy 's Hot plate and tail flick method , while anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by hind paw edema method .
Both seed extracts produced highly significant analgesic effects comparable to standard drugs at all three doses by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ lanatus showed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 100 mg while showed highly significant activity at 200 mg between 3 to 24 hours as compared to standard drugs .
Both extracts did not reveal any mortality up to 1000mg/kg , while there was also no change in normal the gross behavior pattern of the animals at the dose of 50 and 100mg/kg , however there was increase in passivity , sedation and startle response at 200mg/kg .
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts may be due to presence of cucurbitacin A , B or E @ @ @ @ @ @ @ inhibit COX 2 .
Results indicate that seeds of C. melo and C. lanatus may be effectively used as adjuvant analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents in situation of chronic pain and inflammation .

Plants are vital in drug discovery, since many safe and bioactive molecules have been discovered from plants in past, hence this study was designed to evaluate analgesic, anti-inflammatory and toxic effects of Cucumis melo and Citrullus lanatus. Seeds of these plants were selected due to their traditional value for medicinal use. Analgesic activity was determined in mice by Eddy's Hot plate and tail flick method, while anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by hind paw edema method. Both seed extracts produced highly significant analgesic effects comparable to standard drugs at all three doses by both methods. The extract of C. lanatus showed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 100 mg while showed highly significant activity at 200 mg between 3 to 24 hours as compared to standard drugs. Both extracts did not reveal any mortality up to 1000mg/kg, while there was also no change in normal the gross behavior pattern of the animals at the dose of 50 and 100mg/kg, however there was increase in passivity, sedation and startle response at 200mg/kg. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts may be due to presence of cucurbitacin A, B or E in both seeds which are thought to inhibit COX 2. Results indicate that seeds of C. melo and C. lanatus may be effectively used as adjuvant analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents in situation of chronic pain and inflammation.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-19--Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid showed good antiosteoporotic activity.

Estrogen is instrumental in the pathological process of osteoporosis because a deficiency of this hormone increases the release of bone-resorbing cytokines .
Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid ( AKBA ) , a constituent from , has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) expression , which leads to a decline in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ( NF-κB ) ligand , and consequently , a reduction in osteoclast activity .
Hence , AKBA may be beneficial against bone loss during osteoporosis .
Therefore , the current study intended to evaluate the beneficial effects of AKBA in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Sham-operation or ovariectomy female Sprague Dawley rats were used for evaluating the antiosteoporotic effect of AKBA in this study .
AKBA ( 35 mg/kg , p.o . )
and estradiol ( 0.05 mg/kg , i.m . )
were administered for 42 days .
At the end of the experiment , body and uterus weights , serum and urine calcium and phosphorus , serum alkaline phosphatase , and urinary creatinine levels , besides serum levels of NF-κB and TNF-α were determined .
Weight , length , thickness , hardness , calcium content , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of femur bone and lumbar vertebra were measured .
A histopathological examination was also carried out .
AKBA ameliorated all tested parameters and restored a normal histological structure .
Thus , AKBA showed good antiosteoporotic activity , which may be mediated through its suppression of the NF-κB-induced TNF-α signaling pathway .

Estrogen is instrumental in the pathological process of osteoporosis because a deficiency of this hormone increases the release of bone-resorbing cytokines. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), a constituent from, has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, which leads to a decline in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand, and consequently, a reduction in osteoclast activity. Hence, AKBA may be beneficial against bone loss during osteoporosis. Therefore, the current study intended to evaluate the beneficial effects of AKBA in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis and to investigate its mechanism of action. Sham-operation or ovariectomy female Sprague Dawley rats were used for evaluating the antiosteoporotic effect of AKBA in this study. AKBA (35 mg/kg, p.o.) and estradiol (0.05 mg/kg, i.m.) were administered for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, body and uterus weights, serum and urine calcium and phosphorus, serum alkaline phosphatase, and urinary creatinine levels, besides serum levels of NF-κB and TNF-α were determined. Weight, length, thickness, hardness, calcium content, as well as the bone mineral density of femur bone and lumbar vertebra were measured. A histopathological examination was also carried out. AKBA ameliorated all tested parameters and restored a normal histological structure. Thus, AKBA showed good antiosteoporotic activity, which may be mediated through its suppression of the NF-κB-induced TNF-α signaling pathway.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-19--The practice of yogic breathing may benefit sleep quality.

PURPOSE : There is a dearth of evidence for the relationship between yogic breathing and sleep quality .
Even less is known about practice frequency and benefit .
We investigated the association of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga frequency with sleep quality amongst adult practitioners .
METHODS : In a cross-sectional investigation on adult practitioners of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga in Singapore , the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI ) was used to assess sleep quality .
Sleep quality was examined across three categories of practice frequency ( monthly , weekly , daily ) .
A multivariate logistic regression model was used @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 385 adults ( 241 women ) , the mean age ( SD ) was 42.5 ( 9.9 ) years .
In total , 32 % of the sample ( n = 124 ) was identified as having poor SQ .
After adjusting for study covariates , independent analyses revealed an inverse association for higher frequency of practice and lower odds of poor SQ ( OR = 0.52 ; 95 % CI = 0.28-0.94 ) .
The p for trend was 0.03 .
CONCLUSION : The practice of yogic breathing may benefit sleep quality @ @ @ @ @ @ @

PURPOSE: There is a dearth of evidence for the relationship between yogic breathing and sleep quality. Even less is known about practice frequency and benefit. We investigated the association of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga frequency with sleep quality amongst adult practitioners.
METHODS: In a cross-sectional investigation on adult practitioners of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga in Singapore, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. Sleep quality was examined across three categories of practice frequency (monthly, weekly, daily). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine association.
RESULTS: Of 385 adults (241 women), the mean age (SD) was 42.5 (9.9) years. In total, 32% of the sample (n = 124) was identified as having poor SQ. After adjusting for study covariates, independent analyses revealed an inverse association for higher frequency of practice and lower odds of poor SQ (OR = 0.52; 95%CI = 0.28-0.94). The p for trend was 0.03.
CONCLUSION: The practice of yogic breathing may benefit sleep quality. Further experimental investigations are warranted.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-19--Focused attention meditation changes the boundary and configuration of functional networks in the br

Focused attention meditation changes the boundary and configuration of functional networks in the brain.

Research has shown that focused attention meditation not only improves our cognitive and motivational functioning ( e.g.
, attention , @ @ @ @ @ influences the way our brain networks [ e.g.
, default mode network ( DMN ) @ @ @ @ @ ) , and sensory-motor network ( SMN ) ] function and operate .
However , @ @ @ @ @ paid to the possibility that meditation alters the architecture ( composition ) of these functional @ @ @ @ @ using a single-case experimental design with intensive longitudinal data , we examined the effect of @ @ @ @ @ in the composition of whole-brain networks .
The results showed that meditation ( 1 ) @ @ @ @ @ with a number of regions in the FPN being merged into the DMN after meditation @ @ @ @ @ led to instability in the community allegiance of the regions in the FPN .
These @ @ @ @ @ addition to altering specific functional connectivity , meditation leads to reconfiguration of whole-brain network architecture @ @ @ @ @ architecture in the brain provides fruitful information about the neural mechanisms of meditation .

Research has shown that focused attention meditation not only improves our cognitive and motivational functioning (e.g., attention, mental health), it influences the way our brain networks [e.g., default mode network (DMN), fronto-parietal network (FPN), and sensory-motor network (SMN)] function and operate. However, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the possibility that meditation alters the architecture (composition) of these functional brain networks. Here, using a single-case experimental design with intensive longitudinal data, we examined the effect of mediation practice on intra-individual changes in the composition of whole-brain networks. The results showed that meditation (1) changed the community size (with a number of regions in the FPN being merged into the DMN after meditation) and (2) led to instability in the community allegiance of the regions in the FPN. These results suggest that, in addition to altering specific functional connectivity, meditation leads to reconfiguration of whole-brain network architecture. The reconfiguration of community architecture in the brain provides fruitful information about the neural mechanisms of meditation.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-19--Regular Tea Drinking Improves Brain Function

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greenmedinfo--2020-11-19--Combined broccoli sprouts and green tea polyphenols contribute to the prevention of estrogen recepto

Combined broccoli sprouts and green tea polyphenols contribute to the prevention of estrogen receptor-negative mammary cancer.

BACKGROUND : Aberrations in the regulation of cell proliferation perturb cellular homeostasis and lead to malignancies in which dysregulation of @ @ @ @ @ apoptosis are 2 common phenomena .
Combinatorial nutritional approaches could be efficacious in ameliorating these @ @ @ @ @ sought to investigate the effect of dietary broccoli sprouts ( BSp ) and green tea @ @ @ @ @ on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in mammary tumors .
METHODS : Forty female HER2/neu @ @ @ @ @ into 4 groups and treated with control , 26 % BSp ( wt : wt @ @ @ @ @ % GTPs ( wt : vol ) in drinking water , or combined BSp and @ @ @ @ @ until their pups were killed at 29 wk of age .
Pups ' tumor growth @ @ @ @ @ wk .
Tumor cell cycle- and apoptosis-related protein expression was measured .
Data were analyzed @ @ @ @ @ repeated-measures ) ANOVA .
CONCLUSIONS : Collectively , lifelong BSp and GTP administration can prevent @ @ @ @ @ cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis in HER2/neu mice .

BACKGROUND: Aberrations in the regulation of cell proliferation perturb cellular homeostasis and lead to malignancies in which dysregulation of the cell cycle and suppressed apoptosis are 2 common phenomena. Combinatorial nutritional approaches could be efficacious in ameliorating these aberrations.
OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate the effect of dietary broccoli sprouts (BSp) and green tea polyphenol (GTP) administration on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in mammary tumors.
METHODS: Forty female HER2/neu transgenic mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated with control, 26% BSp (wt:wt) in food, 0.5% GTPs (wt:vol) in drinking water, or combined BSp and GTPs from dams' conception until their pups were killed at 29 wk of age. Pups' tumor growth was monitored weekly for 27 wk. Tumor cell cycle- and apoptosis-related protein expression was measured. Data were analyzed with 2-factor or 3-factor (repeated-measures) ANOVA.
RESULTS: Compared with the control group, BSp and/or GTPs decreased tumor incidence (P< 0.05) and combined BSp and GTPs synergistically [combination index (CIn)< 1] reduced tumor volume over time (P-time< 0.01). BSp and/or GTPs upregulated the expression of phosphatase and tension homolog, P16, and P53 (P< 0.05) and downregulated myelocytomatosis oncogene, Bmi1 polycomb ring finger oncogene, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (P< 0.05) compared with the control group. Combined BSp and GTPs synergistically (CIn< 1) downregulated the expression of cyclin B1, D1, and E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1, 2, and 4 (P< 0.05) compared with the control group. Moreover, combined BSp and GTPs induced apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2-associated X protein and B-cell lymphoma 2 (P< 0.05). BSp and/or GTPs also reduced the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1, 3A, and 3B and histone deacetylase 1 compared with the control group (P< 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, lifelong BSp and GTP administration can prevent estrogen receptor-negative mammary tumorigenesis through cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis in HER2/neu mice.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-19--Inhibitory effect of selenium on esophagus cancer cells and the related mechanism.

Selenium has been associated with many malignant tumors including esophagus cancer ( EC ) .
In current study , we @ @ @ @ @ types of selenium , sodium selenite ( SSE ) , methylseleninic acid ( MSA ) @ @ @ @ @ on EC cell line Eca109 .
Here , selenium attenuated cell viability and increased cell @ @ @ @ @ , when compared with control group ( p < 0.05 ) .
Meanwhile , MSC @ @ @ @ @ SSE , arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase ( p < 0.05 ) .
Mechanistically @ @ @ @ @ found to participate in regulating cell cycle and cell apoptosis process by decreasing cyclinD1 , @ @ @ @ @ , caspase-8 .
In addition , we found that cyclinD1 , CDK2 were significantly downregulated @ @ @ @ @ while caspase-3 , caspase-8 were dramatically upregulated by SSE ( p < 0.05 ) .
@ @ @ @ @ we concluded that MSC and MSA inhibit the viability of Eca109 mainly through reducing cell @ @ @ @ @ promoting apoptosis .

Selenium has been associated with many malignant tumors including esophagus cancer (EC). In current study, we examined the effects of three types of selenium, sodium selenite (SSE), methylseleninic acid (MSA) and methylselenocysteine (MSC) on EC cell line Eca109. Here, selenium attenuated cell viability and increased cell apoptosis, especially in MSC, when compared with control group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, MSC and MSA, but no SSE, arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase (p<0.05). Mechanistically, FAL1 and PTEN were found to participate in regulating cell cycle and cell apoptosis process by decreasing cyclinD1, CDK2, and promoting caspase-3, caspase-8. In addition, we found that cyclinD1, CDK2 were significantly downregulated by MSA and MSC, while caspase-3, caspase-8 were dramatically upregulated by SSE (p<0.05). Based on these results, we concluded that MSC and MSA inhibit the viability of Eca109 mainly through reducing cell proliferation, while SSE by promoting apoptosis.