greenmedinfo--2020-05-01--Effects of water extract of Curcuma longa roots on immunity and telomerase function.

Background Immunity and Longevity Methods A water extract of Curcuma longa ( L. ) [ vern .
Turmeric ] roots @ @ @ @ @ a minimum 20 % of turmeric polysaccharides ukonan A , B , C and D @ @ @ @ @ properties in in vitro tissue culture studies .
Results The water extract of turmeric ( @ @ @ @ @ ( NO ) production in RAW264.7 macrophages .
These results suggested the immunomodulatory effects of @ @ @ @ @ the polysaccharides up-regulated function of telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT ) equally to the phenolic @ @ @ @ @ .
Conclusions The ukonan family of polysaccharides may assist in promoting cellular immune responses , @ @ @ @ @ enhancing immune response and telomere function .

Background Immunity and Longevity Methods A water extract of Curcuma longa (L.) [vern. Turmeric] roots (TurmericImmune™) standardized for a minimum 20 % of turmeric polysaccharides ukonan A, B, C and D was evaluated for its biological properties in in vitro tissue culture studies. Results The water extract of turmeric (TurP) exhibited induced-nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages. These results suggested the immunomodulatory effects of TurP. In addition, the polysaccharides up-regulated function of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) equally to the phenolic compound from turmeric, curcumin. Conclusions The ukonan family of polysaccharides may assist in promoting cellular immune responses, tissue repair and lifespan by enhancing immune response and telomere function.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-01--Liposomal TriCurin is a potential onco-immunotherapeutic agent against glioblastoma tumors.

Glioblastoma ( GBM ) is a deadly brain tumor with a current mean survival of 12-15 months .
Despite being a potent anti-cancer agent , the turmeric ingredient curcumin ( C ) has limited anti-tumor efficacy in vivo due to its low bioavailability .
We have reported earlier a strategy involving the use two other polyphenols , epicatechin gallate ( E ) from green tea and resveratrol ( R ) from red grapes at a unique , synergistic molar ratio with C ( C : E : R : 4:1:12.5 , termed TriCurin ) to achieve superior potency against HPV+ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ E : R ( μM ) : 32:8:100 ( termed 32 μM+ TriCurin ) .
We have now prepared liposomal TriCurin ( TrLp ) and demonstrated that TrLp boosts activated p53 in cultured GL261 mouse GBM cells to trigger apoptosis of GBM and GBM stem cells in vitro .
TrLp administration into mice yielded a stable plasma concentration of 210 nM C for 60 min , which , though sub-lethal for cultured GL261 cells , was able to cause repolarization of M2-like tumor ( GBM ) -associated microglia/macrophages to the tumoricidal M1-like phenotype @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cells .
The intratumor presence of such tumoricidal immune cells was associated with concomitant suppression of tumor-load , and apoptosis of GBM and GBM stem cells .
Thus , TrLp is a potential onco-immunotherapeutic agent against GBM tumors .

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly brain tumor with a current mean survival of 12-15 months. Despite being a potent anti-cancer agent, the turmeric ingredient curcumin (C) has limited anti-tumor efficacy in vivo due to its low bioavailability. We have reported earlier a strategy involving the use two other polyphenols, epicatechin gallate (E) from green tea and resveratrol (R) from red grapes at a unique, synergistic molar ratio with C (C:E:R: 4:1:12.5, termed TriCurin) to achieve superior potency against HPV+ tumors than C alone at C:E:R (μM): 32:8:100 (termed 32 μM+ TriCurin). We have now prepared liposomal TriCurin (TrLp) and demonstrated that TrLp boosts activated p53 in cultured GL261 mouse GBM cells to trigger apoptosis of GBM and GBM stem cells in vitro. TrLp administration into mice yielded a stable plasma concentration of 210 nM C for 60 min, which, though sub-lethal for cultured GL261 cells, was able to cause repolarization of M2-like tumor (GBM)-associated microglia/macrophages to the tumoricidal M1-like phenotype and intra-GBM recruitment of activated natural killer cells. The intratumor presence of such tumoricidal immune cells was associated with concomitant suppression of tumor-load, and apoptosis of GBM and GBM stem cells. Thus, TrLp is a potential onco-immunotherapeutic agent against GBM tumors.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-01--Curcuminoids from Curcuma Longa: New adjuvants for the treatment of crohn's disease and ulcerative c

Curcuminoids from Curcuma Longa: New adjuvants for the treatment of crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?

Crohn 's Disease ( CD ) and Ulcerative Colitis ( UC ) result from an overreaction of the bowel to multifactorial stimuli leading to discomfort , pain , and it is associated with high morbidity and lethality .
The medications commonly used are expensive and associated with multiple side effects .
Curcuma longa exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions and has shown positive effects on CD and UC treatment , possibly due to the presence of curcuminoids .
The objective of this review was to evaluate the role of curcuminoids in the treatment of IBD .
A search for articles associating @ @ @ @ @ @ @ using MEDLINE-PubMed .
It has been found that curcumin can reduce oxidative stress and inhibit the migration of neutrophils and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the intestine .
It may also improve micro and macroscopic lesions , prevent apoptosis of intestinal cells and also induce the restoration of the mitogen-activated protein kinase immune reaction .
As the incidence of CD and UC is growing in many populations , there is an urgency to find an appropriate and accessible therapeutic approach to improve quality of life of patients .
The use of curcumin is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ side effects , and may become an alternative to the IBD treatment .

Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) result from an overreaction of the bowel to multifactorial stimuli leading to discomfort, pain, and it is associated with high morbidity and lethality. The medications commonly used are expensive and associated with multiple side effects. Curcuma longa exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions and has shown positive effects on CD and UC treatment, possibly due to the presence of curcuminoids. The objective of this review was to evaluate the role of curcuminoids in the treatment of IBD. A search for articles associating curcuminoids and CD and UC was performed using MEDLINE-PubMed. It has been found that curcumin can reduce oxidative stress and inhibit the migration of neutrophils and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the intestine. It may also improve micro and macroscopic lesions, prevent apoptosis of intestinal cells and also induce the restoration of the mitogen-activated protein kinase immune reaction. As the incidence of CD and UC is growing in many populations, there is an urgency to find an appropriate and accessible therapeutic approach to improve quality of life of patients. The use of curcumin is cheap, efficient and associated with no side effects, and may become an alternative to the IBD treatment.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-01--Selenium alleviates apoptosis induced by fluoride through improving the expression of HSP70 and redu

Selenium alleviates apoptosis induced by fluoride through improving the expression of HSP70 and reduces oxidative stress.

Excessive taking fluoride ( F ) causes severe damage to reproductive system through stimulation of apoptosis and oxidant stress .
Selenium ( Se ) may promote anti-oxidant enzymes and invert cell apoptosis .
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Se on peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC ) apoptosis and oxidant stress in women with fluorosis .
Sixty women were divided into three groups according to serum and urine fluoride and hair Se as High F + high Se group , High F group and Control group .
The activities of anti-oxidant enzymes , malondialdehyde @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The levels of sirtuin type 1 ( SIRT1 ) , estradiol ( E ) , follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ) and luteinizing hormone ( LH ) were measured by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay ( ELISA ) kits .
The expression of protein and apoptosis rate were detected by Western blot and Flow cytometry .
The levels of E , anti-oxidant enzymes in High F group were significantly lower than that in Control group , while the levels of SIRT1 and MDA were significantly higher .
The levels of anti-oxidant enzymes and heat @ @ @ @ @ @ @ significantly increased in High Se + high F group while the expression of caspase-3 was significantly increased in high F group .
The levels of LH and FSH in serum were significantly increased in High F group and High Se + high F group .
Therefore , Se alleviates apoptosis induced by F through improving the expression of HSP70 andreduces oxidative stress by regulating levels of SIRT1 and anti-oxidant enzymes , and the secretion of certain reproductive hormones .

Excessive taking fluoride (F) causes severe damage to reproductive system through stimulation of apoptosis and oxidant stress. Selenium (Se) may promote anti-oxidant enzymes and invert cell apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Se on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) apoptosis and oxidant stress in women with fluorosis. Sixty women were divided into three groups according to serum and urine fluoride and hair Se as High F + high Se group, High F group and Control group. The activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA) and Se were measured. The levels of sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1), estradiol (E), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The expression of protein and apoptosis rate were detected by Western blot and Flow cytometry. The levels of E, anti-oxidant enzymes in High F group were significantly lower than that in Control group, while the levels of SIRT1 and MDA were significantly higher. The levels of anti-oxidant enzymes and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were significantly increased in High Se + high F group while the expression of caspase-3 was significantly increased in high F group. The levels of LH and FSH in serum were significantly increased in High F group and High Se + high F group. Therefore, Se alleviates apoptosis induced by F through improving the expression of HSP70 andreduces oxidative stress by regulating levels of SIRT1 and anti-oxidant enzymes, and the secretion of certain reproductive hormones.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-01--Fish oil consumption may play an important role in modulating microglial/macrophage response and ame

Fish oil consumption may play an important role in modulating microglial/macrophage response and ameliorating the Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Dystrophic neurites and activated microglia are one of the main neuropathological characteristics of Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) .
Although the use of supplements with omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with reduced risk and lessened AD pathology , it still remains elusive whether such a treatment could affect dystrophic neurites ( DNs ) formation and microglia/macrophage behavior in the early phase of disease .
We analyzed the effects of short-term ( 3 weeks ) fish oil supplementation on DNs formation , tau hyperphosphorylation , Amyloid-beta peptide 1-42 ( Aβ42 ) levels and microglial/macrophage response to AD pathology in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , a mouse model of AD .
The present study shows for the first time that short-term FO supplementation applied in presymptomatic stage of AD , alters the behaviour of microglia/macrophages prompting them to establish a physical barrier around amyloid plaques .
This barrier significantly suppresses DNs formation through the reduction of both Aβ content and tau hyperphosphorylation .
Moreover , the short-term FO treatment neither suppresses inflammation nor enhances phagocytic properties ofmicroglia/macrophages in the response to Aβ pathology , the effects most commonly attributed to the fish oil supplementation .
Our findings @ @ @ @ @ @ @ an important role in modulating microglial/macrophage response and ameliorating the AD pathology in presymptomatic stage of Alzheimer 's disease .

Dystrophic neurites and activated microglia are one of the main neuropathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the use of supplements with omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with reduced risk and lessened AD pathology, it still remains elusive whether such a treatment could affect dystrophic neurites (DNs) formation and microglia/macrophage behavior in the early phase of disease. We analyzed the effects of short-term (3 weeks) fish oil supplementation on DNs formation, tau hyperphosphorylation, Amyloid-beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ42) levels and microglial/macrophage response to AD pathology in the parietal cortex of 4-month-old 5xFAD mice, a mouse model of AD. The present study shows for the first time that short-term FO supplementation applied in presymptomatic stage of AD, alters the behaviour of microglia/macrophages prompting them to establish a physical barrier around amyloid plaques. This barrier significantly suppresses DNs formation through the reduction of both Aβ content and tau hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, the short-term FO treatment neither suppresses inflammation nor enhances phagocytic properties ofmicroglia/macrophages in the response to Aβ pathology, the effects most commonly attributed to the fish oil supplementation. Our findings suggest that fish oil consumption may play an important role in modulating microglial/macrophage response and ameliorating the AD pathology in presymptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-01--Dendritic cells mediate the anti-inflammatory action of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty aci

Dendritic cells mediate the anti-inflammatory action of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in experimental autoimmune uveitis.

We previously showed that dietary omega ( ω ) -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ( LCPUFAs ) suppress inflammation in mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis ( EAU ) .
We have now investigated the role of antigen presenting cells ( APCs ) in this action of ω-3 LCPUFAs .
C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet supplemented with ω-3 or ω-6 LCPUFAs for 2 weeks , after which splenocytes were isolated from the mice and cocultured with CD4+ T cells isolated from mice with EAU induced by injection of a human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide together with complete Freund 's adjuvant @ @ @ @ @ @ @ interferon-γ and interleukin-17 by T cells from EAU mice in vitro were attenuated in the presence of splenocytes from ω-3 LCPUFA-fed mice as compared with those from mice fed ω-6 LCPUFAs .
Splenocyte fractionation by magnetic-activated cell sorting revealed that , among APCs , dendritic cells ( DCs ) were the target of ω-3 LCPUFAs .
Adoptive transfer of DCs from mice fed ω-3 LCPUFAs attenuated disease progression in EAU mice as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by T cells isolated from these latter animals .
The proliferation of T cells @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in thepresence of DCs from ω-3 LCPUFA-fed mice as compared with those from ω-6 LCPUFA-fed mice .
Furthermore , T cell proliferation in such a mixed lymphocyte reaction was inhibited by prior exposure of DCs from mice fed an ω-6 LCPUFA diet to ω-3 LCPUFAs in vitro .
Our results thus suggest that DCs mediate the anti-inflammatory action of dietary ω-3 LCPUFAs in EAU .

We previously showed that dietary omega (ω)-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) suppress inflammation in mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). We have now investigated the role of antigen presenting cells (APCs) in this action of ω-3 LCPUFAs. C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet supplemented with ω-3 or ω-6 LCPUFAs for 2 weeks, after which splenocytes were isolated from the mice and cocultured with CD4+ T cells isolated from mice with EAU induced by injection of a human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide together with complete Freund's adjuvant. The proliferation of and production of interferon-γ and interleukin-17 by T cells from EAU mice in vitro were attenuated in the presence of splenocytes from ω-3 LCPUFA-fed mice as compared with those from mice fed ω-6 LCPUFAs. Splenocyte fractionation by magnetic-activated cell sorting revealed that, among APCs, dendritic cells (DCs) were the target of ω-3 LCPUFAs. Adoptive transfer of DCs from mice fed ω-3 LCPUFAs attenuated disease progression in EAU mice as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by T cells isolated from these latter animals. The proliferation of T cells from control Balb/c mice was also attenuated in thepresence of DCs from ω-3 LCPUFA-fed mice as compared with those from ω-6 LCPUFA-fed mice. Furthermore, T cell proliferation in such a mixed lymphocyte reaction was inhibited by prior exposure of DCs from mice fed an ω-6 LCPUFA diet to ω-3 LCPUFAs in vitro. Our results thus suggest that DCs mediate the anti-inflammatory action of dietary ω-3 LCPUFAs in EAU.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Vitamin D3 may be a modulator of immune function via CD8, CD19, and HBV DNA.

Chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ) is a common chronic disease .
Previous studies have shown a link between 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( vitamin D ) concentration and liver disease .
Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) infection has been attributed to the inappropriate functioning of cell-mediated immunity .
However , the effects of vitamin D , immune cell , and HBeAg status on HBV viral load in CHB patients are still unclear .
We investigated the relationship between the serum concentration of vitamin D , percentage of immune cells in peripheral blood , and the HBV viral load of CHB @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , and their blood samples were collected and analyzed .
Vitamin D level was measured using a chemiluminescence assay .
A level of 30 ng/mL or above was defined as a vitamin Dsufficiency .
We assigned vitamin Dstatus as either normal ( ≥30 ng/mL ) , insufficient ( 20-30 ng/mL ) , or deficient ( < 20 ng/mL ) .
T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte surface markers in peripheral blood were detected using flow cytometry .
The factors associated with HBV viral load were analyzed using univariate and multivariate-adjusted models .
The mean serum vitamin @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Up to 88.3 % of the patients were either deficient in or had insufficient vitamin D. The gender , BMI , hepatitis B surface antigen levels , and ALT levels were significantly related to serum vitamin Dlevels .
Serum vitamin Dconcentration , HBe status , HBs levels , ALT , and AST levels showed a statistically significant correlation with the HBV DNA levels .
Serum vitamin Dconcentrations and hepatitis B surface antigen levels were strongly correlated with HBV DNA levels .
Vitamin Dlevels were significantly associated with CD19 numbers ( β : @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) .
In multivariate analysis , vitamin Dlevels in the deficient and insufficient groups , and the CD8 , HBeAg , and WBC counts were significantly associated with HBV DNA levels .
In the immune tolerance phase of HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection , vitamin Dmay be a modulator of immune function via CD8 , CD19 , and HBV DNA .

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a common chronic disease. Previous studies have shown a link between 25-hydroxyvitamin D(vitamin D) concentration and liver disease. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been attributed to the inappropriate functioning of cell-mediated immunity. However, the effects of vitamin D, immune cell, and HBeAg status on HBV viral load in CHB patients are still unclear. We investigated the relationship between the serum concentration of vitamin D, percentage of immune cells in peripheral blood, and the HBV viral load of CHB patients. Sixty CHB patients were recruited, and their blood samples were collected and analyzed. Vitamin D level was measured using a chemiluminescence assay. A level of 30 ng/mL or above was defined as a vitamin Dsufficiency. We assigned vitamin Dstatus as either normal (≥30 ng/mL), insufficient (20-30 ng/mL), or deficient (<20 ng/mL). T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte surface markers in peripheral blood were detected using flow cytometry. The factors associated with HBV viral load were analyzed using univariate and multivariate-adjusted models. The mean serum vitamin Dconcentration in the subjects was 20.9±5.6 ng/mL. Up to 88.3% of the patients were either deficient in or had insufficient vitamin D. The gender, BMI, hepatitis B surface antigen levels, and ALT levels were significantly related to serum vitamin Dlevels. Serum vitamin Dconcentration, HBe status, HBs levels, ALT, and AST levels showed a statistically significant correlation with the HBV DNA levels. Serum vitamin Dconcentrations and hepatitis B surface antigen levels were strongly correlated with HBV DNA levels. Vitamin Dlevels were significantly associated with CD19 numbers (β:-6.2, 95% CI: -10.5). In multivariate analysis, vitamin Dlevels in the deficient and insufficient groups, and the CD8, HBeAg, and WBC counts were significantly associated with HBV DNA levels. In the immune tolerance phase of HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection, vitamin Dmay be a modulator of immune function via CD8, CD19, and HBV DNA.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Key vitamin D target genes with functions in the immune system.

The biologically active form of vitamin D , 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ( 1,25 ( OH ) D ) , modulates innate and adaptive immunity via genes regulated by the transcription factor vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) .
In order to identify the key vitamin D target genes involved in these processes , transcriptome-wide datasets were compared , which were obtained from a human monocytic cell line ( THP-1 ) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) treated in vitro by 1,25 ( OH ) D , filtered using different approaches , as well as from PBMCs of individuals supplemented @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to the genes , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .
Public epigenome- and transcriptome-wide data from THP-1 cells were used to characterize these genes based on the level of their VDR-driven enhancers as well as the level of the dynamics of their mRNA production .
Both types of datasets allowed the categorization of the vitamin D target genes into three groups according to their role in ( i ) acute response to infection , ( ii ) infection in general and ( iii ) autoimmunity @ @ @ @ @ @ @ identified as major mediators of the action of vitamin D in innate and adaptive immunity and their individual functions are explained based on different gene regulatory scenarios .

The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(1,25(OH)D), modulates innate and adaptive immunity via genes regulated by the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR). In order to identify the key vitamin D target genes involved in these processes, transcriptome-wide datasets were compared, which were obtained from a human monocytic cell line (THP-1) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated in vitro by 1,25(OH)D, filtered using different approaches, as well as from PBMCs of individuals supplemented with a vitamin Dbolus. The led to the genes,,,,,,,,,,,,,and. Public epigenome- and transcriptome-wide data from THP-1 cells were used to characterize these genes based on the level of their VDR-driven enhancers as well as the level of the dynamics of their mRNA production. Both types of datasets allowed the categorization of the vitamin D target genes into three groups according to their role in (i) acute response to infection, (ii) infection in general and (iii) autoimmunity. In conclusion, 15 genes were identified as major mediators of the action of vitamin D in innate and adaptive immunity and their individual functions are explained based on different gene regulatory scenarios.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Vitamin D supplementation improves the typical symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.

Objective : We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to explore whether vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for symptom @ @ @ @ @ spectrum disorder .
Methods : We systematically searched the PubMed database , EMBASE , Cochrane @ @ @ @ @ , Sino-Med , Wanfang Data , and China National Knowledge Infrastructure mainly up to September @ @ @ @ @ effects model , we calculated the standard mean difference with 95 % confidence interval .
@ @ @ @ @ serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and outcome scores including the Social Responsiveness Scale and Child Autism @ @ @ @ @ D supplementation .
Results : There was no significant difference in baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D @ @ @ @ @ from three studies in the meta-analysis .
After vitamin D supplementation , the outcome scores @ @ @ @ @ dramatically elevated compared with those in the control group ( = 0.03 ) .
Conclusion @ @ @ @ @ the typical symptoms of autism spectrum disorder , as indicated by reduced Social Responsiveness Scale @ @ @ @ @ scores ; thus , it is beneficial for children with autism spectrum disorder .

Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to explore whether vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for symptom improvement in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed database, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Sino-Med, Wanfang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure mainly up to September 2019. Using a fixed effects model, we calculated the standard mean difference with 95% confidence interval. Furthermore, we analyzed baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and outcome scores including the Social Responsiveness Scale and Child Autism Rating Scale scores after vitamin D supplementation.
Results: There was no significant difference in baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels among 203 children included from three studies in the meta-analysis. After vitamin D supplementation, the outcome scores in the experimental group were dramatically elevated compared with those in the control group (= 0.03).
Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation improves the typical symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, as indicated by reduced Social Responsiveness Scale and Child Autism Rating Scale scores; thus, it is beneficial for children with autism spectrum disorder.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Vitamin D3 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in rats by inhibiting inflamma

Vitamin D3 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in rats by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.

AIMS : Vitamin D is a well-known endocrine regulator of calcium/phosphate homeostasis and has been reported as having a wide range of activities that are potentially beneficial for human health .
This study aimed to investigate the effects of pretreatment of vitamin D ( 100 , 1000 , and 10,000 IU/kg ) against lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) -induced cognitive impairment in rats .
MAIN METHODS : Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups .
The passive avoidance test and Morris water maze ( MWM ) test were conducted to evaluate the learning and memory function .
Oxidative stress markers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( CAT ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , total thiol content as well as interleukin ( IL ) -6 were evaluated in the hippocampus tissue .
KEY FINDINGS : The intraperitoneal ( i.p . )
injection of LPS ( 1 mg/kg ) correlates with deficits in passive avoidance and spatial learning in the systemic inflammation model .
However , pretreatment with vitamin Dimproved LPS-induced cognitive impairment .
In addition , vitamin Ddecreased IL-6 and MDA levels , whereas the activities of CAT , SOD , and total thiol content in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ : In conclusion , our results suggest that vitamin Dplays a protective role against memory dysfunction caused by LPS-induced inflammation through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in the hippocampus .
Vitamin D may be a promising potential therapeutic supplement for the treatment or prevention of learning and memory disorders .

AIMS: Vitamin D is a well-known endocrine regulator of calcium/phosphate homeostasis and has been reported as having a wide range of activities that are potentially beneficial for human health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pretreatment of vitamin D(100, 1000, and 10,000 IU/kg) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment in rats.
MAIN METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The passive avoidance test and Morris water maze (MWM) test were conducted to evaluate the learning and memory function. Oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total thiol content as well as interleukin (IL)-6 were evaluated in the hippocampus tissue.
KEY FINDINGS: The intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of LPS (1 mg/kg) correlates with deficits in passive avoidance and spatial learning in the systemic inflammation model. However, pretreatment with vitamin Dimproved LPS-induced cognitive impairment. In addition, vitamin Ddecreased IL-6 and MDA levels, whereas the activities of CAT, SOD, and total thiol content in the hippocampus tissue were significantly increased.
SIGNIFICANCE: In conclusion, our results suggest that vitamin Dplays a protective role against memory dysfunction caused by LPS-induced inflammation through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in the hippocampus. Vitamin D may be a promising potential therapeutic supplement for the treatment or prevention of learning and memory disorders.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Bovine lactoferrin can decrease the in vitro biofilm production or shown synergy with antibiotics ag

Bovine lactoferrin can decrease the in vitro biofilm production or shown synergy with antibiotics against Listeria and Escherichia coli isolates.

BACKGROUND : Bovine lactoferrin ( bLf ) has been reported as antimicrobial , antiviral , immunomodulatory and anticancer protein .
Escherichia coli and Listeria spp .
are food-borne bacteria that can produce illness in human being and mammals , the emergent antimicrobial drug resistance has been reported in these pathogens .
OBJECTIVE : The aim for this study was to evaluate the bLf effect on in vitro biofilm production and the synergic effect of antibiotics on E. coli and Listeria isolates .
METHODS : E. coli and Listeria specimens were isolated from bovine carcasses and slaughterhouses surfaces , respectively .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ bLf , incubated for 48 h and spectrophotometry , cell viability was analyzed by colony-forming unit ( CFU ) and the synergistic effect of bLf with ampicillin , oxytetracycline , and streptomycin was evaluated through the fractional concentration index ( FCI ) .
RESULTS : Our results show that a low bLf concentration ( 0.8μM ) can diminish the in vitro biofilm production in Listeria isolates ; also improves the in vitro oxytetracycline and streptomycin activity against E. coli , and ampicillin activity against Listeria isolates .
CONCLUSION : bLf can affect the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ surfaces and shown synergic effect with ampicillin .
Also has a synergic effect with oxytetracycline and streptomycin against E. coli isolates from bovine carcasses .

BACKGROUND: Bovine lactoferrin (bLf) has been reported as antimicrobial, antiviral, immunomodulatory and anticancer protein. Escherichia coli and Listeria spp. are food-borne bacteria that can produce illness in human being and mammals, the emergent antimicrobial drug resistance has been reported in these pathogens.
OBJECTIVE: The aim for this study was to evaluate the bLf effect on in vitro biofilm production and the synergic effect of antibiotics on E. coli and Listeria isolates.
METHODS: E. coli and Listeria specimens were isolated from bovine carcasses and slaughterhouses surfaces, respectively. Biofilm formation was analyzed with or without bLf, incubated for 48 h and spectrophotometry, cell viability was analyzed by colony-forming unit (CFU) and the synergistic effect of bLf with ampicillin, oxytetracycline, and streptomycin was evaluated through the fractional concentration index (FCI).
RESULTS: Our results show that a low bLf concentration (0.8μM) can diminish the in vitro biofilm production in Listeria isolates; also improves the in vitro oxytetracycline and streptomycin activity against E. coli, and ampicillin activity against Listeria isolates.
CONCLUSION: bLf can affect the biofilm production in Listeria isolates from slaughterhouses surfaces and shown synergic effect with ampicillin. Also has a synergic effect with oxytetracycline and streptomycin against E. coli isolates from bovine carcasses.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Lactoferrin: a critical mediator of both host immune response and antimicrobial activity in response

Lactoferrin: a critical mediator of both host immune response and antimicrobial activity in response to streptococcal infections.

Streptococcal species are gram positive bacteria responsible for a variety of infections including pneumonia , meningitis , endocarditis , erysipelas @ @ @ @ @ , skin and soft tissue infections , chorioamnionitis , funisitis , and neonatal sepsis .
@ @ @ @ @ , the host innate immune system deploys a repertoire of antimicrobial and immune modulating molecules @ @ @ @ @ is produced in response to streptococcal infections is lactoferrin .
Lactoferrin has antimicrobial properties including @ @ @ @ @ with high affinity and sequester this important nutrient from an invading pathogen .
Additionally , @ @ @ @ @ alter the host inflammatory response and contribute to disease outcome .
This review presents the @ @ @ @ @ studies the interaction between the host innate immune protein lactoferrin and the invading pathogen , @ @

Streptococcal species are gram positive bacteria responsible for a variety of infections including pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, periodontitis, skin and soft tissue infections, chorioamnionitis, funisitis, and neonatal sepsis. In response to streptococcal infections, the host innate immune system deploys a repertoire of antimicrobial and immune modulating molecules. One important molecule that is produced in response to streptococcal infections is lactoferrin. Lactoferrin has antimicrobial properties including the ability to bind iron with high affinity and sequester this important nutrient from an invading pathogen. Additionally, lactoferrin has the capacity to alter the host inflammatory response and contribute to disease outcome. This review presents the most recent published work that studies the interaction between the host innate immune protein lactoferrin and the invading pathogen, Streptococcus.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Viral hepatitis and iron dysregulation: Molecular pathways and the role of lactoferrin.

The liver is a frontline immune site specifically designed to check and detect potential pathogens from the bloodstream to maintain a general state of immune hyporesponsiveness .
One of the main functions of the liver is the regulation of iron homeostasis .
The liver detects changes in systemic iron requirements and can regulate its concentration .
Pathological states lead to the dysregulation of iron homeostasis which , in turn , can promote infectious and inflammatory processes .
In this context , hepatic viruses deviate hepatocytes ' iron metabolism in order to better replicate .
Indeed , some viruses are able @ @ @ @ @ @ @ or exploit host receptors to enter inside host cells .
Lactoferrin ( Lf ) , a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to the innate immunity , is endowed with potent antiviral activity , mainly related to its ability to block viral entry into host cells by interacting with viral and/or cell surface receptors .
Moreover , Lf can act as an iron scavenger by both direct iron-chelation or the modulation of the main iron-related proteins .
In this review , the complex interplay between viral hepatitis , iron homeostasis , and inflammation as well @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .

The liver is a frontline immune site specifically designed to check and detect potential pathogens from the bloodstream to maintain a general state of immune hyporesponsiveness. One of the main functions of the liver is the regulation of iron homeostasis. The liver detects changes in systemic iron requirements and can regulate its concentration. Pathological states lead to the dysregulation of iron homeostasis which, in turn, can promote infectious and inflammatory processes. In this context, hepatic viruses deviate hepatocytes' iron metabolism in order to better replicate. Indeed, some viruses are able to alter the expression of iron-related proteins or exploit host receptors to enter inside host cells. Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to the innate immunity, is endowed with potent antiviral activity, mainly related to its ability to block viral entry into host cells by interacting with viral and/or cell surface receptors. Moreover, Lf can act as an iron scavenger by both direct iron-chelation or the modulation of the main iron-related proteins. In this review, the complex interplay between viral hepatitis, iron homeostasis, and inflammation as well as the role of Lf are outlined.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Antiviral effects of bovine lactoferrin on human norovirus.

Human noroviruses cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide but lack approved antivirals or vaccines to treat or prevent infections .
@ @ @ @ @ cell culture systems in human transformed B cells ( BJABs ) and non-transformed human intestinal @ @ @ @ @ limitation in identifying molecules with anti-norovirus activities .
Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in @ @ @ @ @ with broad spectrum antimicrobial activities , including against the related murine norovirus in cell culture @ @ @ @ @ the incidence of infectious gastroenteritis in Japanese clinical trial participants .
Since human noroviruses were @ @ @ @ @ gastroenteritis in Japan during the clinical trial period , we sought to determine whether lactoferrin @ @ @ @ @ .
Our study demonstrates that lactoferrin reduces human norovirus infection in the B cell culture @ @ @ @ @ antiviral action is likely indirect and may involve induction of innate interferon responses .
Therefore @ @ @ @ @ to test the antiviral efficacy of lactoferrin against human norovirus infection in patients .

Human noroviruses cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide but lack approved antivirals or vaccines to treat or prevent infections. The recent development of two cell culture systems in human transformed B cells (BJABs) and non-transformed human intestinal enteroids cultures overcomes a main limitation in identifying molecules with anti-norovirus activities. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in the milk of most mammals with broad spectrum antimicrobial activities, including against the related murine norovirus in cell culture. Its ingestion also reduced the incidence of infectious gastroenteritis in Japanese clinical trial participants. Since human noroviruses were the most common cause of gastroenteritis in Japan during the clinical trial period, we sought to determine whether lactoferrin can inhibit human norovirus infection. Our study demonstrates that lactoferrin reduces human norovirus infection in the B cell culture model. The mechanism of antiviral action is likely indirect and may involve induction of innate interferon responses. Therefore, future studies are warranted to test the antiviral efficacy of lactoferrin against human norovirus infection in patients.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Oral administration of bovine lactoferrin accelerates the healing of fracture in ovariectomized rats

Oral administration of bovine lactoferrin accelerates the healing of fracture in ovariectomized rats.

INTRODUCTION : Lactoferrin has recently been reported for its potent bone growth effects .
However , the effects of lactoferrin on the healing process of fragility fracture have not yet been studied , so the purpose of this study is to investigate whether oral administration of lactoferrin can promote the fracture healing in an OVX animal model .
MATERIALS AND METHODS : Three months after bilateral ovariectomy , all rats underwent unilateral tibial osteotomy and were then randomly divided into control group and bovine lactoferrin ( bLF ) group .
At 4 and 8 weeks post-fracture , animals were sacrificed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ samples were collected for evaluation .
RESULTS : Our results showed that bLF treatment not only accelerated the bone growth at an early stage of OPF healing but also shortened the remolding process of OPF healing .
When compared to control group , bLF treatment induced a significant rise in callus BMD ( by 35.0 % at 4 weeks and by 39.7 % at 8 weeks ; both p < 0.05 ) consistent with enhanced biomechanical strength of the callus , with ultimate force increased by 3.39-fold at 4 weeks ( p < @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( p < 0.05 ) .
Besides , bLF administration resulted in a substantial increase in serum levels of BALP and a significant decrease in serum levels of TRAP 5b and TNF-α .
Moreover , both the RANKL/OPG mRNA ratio and the expression of TNF-α in the callus of bLF-treated group were markedly lower than those in the control group .
CONCLUSIONS : At a dose of 85mg/kg/day orally administrated bLF potently promoted the bone healing following tibial fracture in OVX rats .

INTRODUCTION: Lactoferrin has recently been reported for its potent bone growth effects. However, the effects of lactoferrin on the healing process of fragility fracture have not yet been studied, so the purpose of this study is to investigate whether oral administration of lactoferrin can promote the fracture healing in an OVX animal model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three months after bilateral ovariectomy, all rats underwent unilateral tibial osteotomy and were then randomly divided into control group and bovine lactoferrin (bLF) group. At 4 and 8 weeks post-fracture, animals were sacrificed, and the fractured tibiae and serum samples were collected for evaluation.
RESULTS: Our results showed that bLF treatment not only accelerated the bone growth at an early stage of OPF healing but also shortened the remolding process of OPF healing. When compared to control group, bLF treatment induced a significant rise in callus BMD (by 35.0% at 4 weeks and by 39.7% at 8 weeks; both p<0.05) consistent with enhanced biomechanical strength of the callus, with ultimate force increased by 3.39-fold at 4 weeks (p<0.05) and 1.95-fold at 8 weeks (p<0.05). Besides, bLF administration resulted in a substantial increase in serum levels of BALP and a significant decrease in serum levels of TRAP 5b and TNF-α. Moreover, both the RANKL/OPG mRNA ratio and the expression of TNF-α in the callus of bLF-treated group were markedly lower than those in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: At a dose of 85mg/kg/day orally administrated bLF potently promoted the bone healing following tibial fracture in OVX rats.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Lactoferrin suppresses decreased locomotor activities by improving dopamine and serotonin release in

Lactoferrin suppresses decreased locomotor activities by improving dopamine and serotonin release in the amygdala of ovariectomized rats.

BACKGROUND : Decreases in female hormones not only affect bone metabolism and decrease bone mass , but also affect the central nervous system , causing brain disorders such as depression and dementia .
Administration of estradiol by hormone replacement therapy can improve dementia , while reduced estradiol in ovariectomized ( OVX ) model rats can reduce both bone density and locomotor activity .
The antidepressant fluvoxamine , which is widely used in clinical practice , can improve this effect on locomotor reduction .
Similarly , lactoferrin ( LF ) can reportedly improve inhibitory locomotion due to stress .
OBJECTIVE : @ @ @ @ @ @ @ effect of LF on neurite outgrowth in vitro and in vivo using PC12 cells and rats , respectively .
METHODS : We performed an in vivo study in which 8-week-old female OVX rats were administered LF five days a week for 6 weeks from the day after surgery .
After administration was completed , spontaneous locomotor activity in the dark period , immobility time in a forced swim test , and release amount of dopamine and serotonin in the brain were measured .
RESULTS : LF was found to have a neurite outgrowth @ @ @ @ @ @ @ LF was found to improve OVX-induced decreases in locomotor activity and increases in immobility time in the forced swim test .
Furthermore , administration of LF elicited significant recovery of decreased dopamine and serotonin release in the brains of OVX group rats .
CONCLUSION : These results strongly suggest that LF improved OVX-induced decreases in momentum during the dark period and , moreover , that release of dopamine and serotonin in the brain was involved in this effect .

BACKGROUND: Decreases in female hormones not only affect bone metabolism and decrease bone mass, but also affect the central nervous system, causing brain disorders such as depression and dementia. Administration of estradiol by hormone replacement therapy can improve dementia, while reduced estradiol in ovariectomized (OVX) model rats can reduce both bone density and locomotor activity. The antidepressant fluvoxamine, which is widely used in clinical practice, can improve this effect on locomotor reduction. Similarly, lactoferrin (LF) can reportedly improve inhibitory locomotion due to stress.
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined the effect of LF on neurite outgrowth in vitro and in vivo using PC12 cells and rats, respectively.
METHODS: We performed an in vivo study in which 8-week-old female OVX rats were administered LF five days a week for 6 weeks from the day after surgery. After administration was completed, spontaneous locomotor activity in the dark period, immobility time in a forced swim test, and release amount of dopamine and serotonin in the brain were measured.
RESULTS: LF was found to have a neurite outgrowth function in PC12 cells. Moreover, LF was found to improve OVX-induced decreases in locomotor activity and increases in immobility time in the forced swim test. Furthermore, administration of LF elicited significant recovery of decreased dopamine and serotonin release in the brains of OVX group rats.
CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest that LF improved OVX-induced decreases in momentum during the dark period and, moreover, that release of dopamine and serotonin in the brain was involved in this effect.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Does vitamin D deficiency predispose to post stroke fatigue?

Aim This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and associates of vitamin D deficiency amongst stroke survivors with fatigue and the impact of vitamin D supplementation on fatigue symptoms .
Methods This was a retrospective observational study in which records of 58 consecutive stroke survivors with fatigue who had their vitamin D levels checked at presentation were reviewed and analysed .
Comparison between groups was assessed using Pearson Chi Square and Fishers Exact tests .
Results A total of 58 survivors ( mean age 75.8 , range 37-94 years ) were included , the majority of which were females @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 75 years ( 65.5 % ) , lived with a partner ( 72.4 % ) , were ambulant at presentation ( 53.4 % ) and had modified rankin scores ( MRS ) of < 4 ( 79.3 % ) .
The over-all prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 74.5 % while the prevalence amongst ambulant survivors was 77.4 % .
There was significant improvement in fatigue symptoms in 100 % of those treated .
Conclusion Our results indicate a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency especially amongst ambulant survivors where such deficiencies are @ @ @ @ @ @ @ symptoms following correction .
If replicated in a longitudinal randomised study , this can open treatment options and possibly improve the quality of life of stroke survivors with fatigue .
Keywords : Stroke , fatigue , survivors , vitamin D deficiency .

Aim This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and associates of vitamin D deficiency amongst stroke survivors with fatigue and the impact of vitamin D supplementation on fatigue symptoms. Methods This was a retrospective observational study in which records of 58 consecutive stroke survivors with fatigue who had their vitamin D levels checked at presentation were reviewed and analysed. Comparison between groups was assessed using Pearson Chi Square and Fishers Exact tests. Results A total of 58 survivors (mean age 75.8, range 37-94 years) were included, the majority of which were females (56.9%), aged over 75 years (65.5%), lived with a partner (72.4%), were ambulant at presentation (53.4%) and had modified rankin scores (MRS) of<4(79.3%). The over-all prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 74.5% while the prevalence amongst ambulant survivors was 77.4%. There was significant improvement in fatigue symptoms in 100%of those treated. Conclusion Our results indicate a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency especially amongst ambulant survivors where such deficiencies are unexpected; as well as improvement in symptoms following correction. If replicated in a longitudinal randomised study, this can open treatment options and possibly improve the quality of life of stroke survivors with fatigue. Keywords: Stroke, fatigue, survivors, vitamin D deficiency.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Serum vitamin D content is associated with semen parameters and serum testosterone levels in men.

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of serum vitamin D levels on semen quality and testosterone levels .
This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Androscience , Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory in Sao Paulo , Brazil , with 508 male patients , aged 18-60 years , from 2007 to 2017 .
Seminal parameters and serum sexual hormones were correlated with serum vitamin D concentrations in 260 men selected by strict selection criteria .
Patients were divided into normozoospermic group ( NZG , n = 124 ) and a group with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 136 ) .
Evaluation included complete physical examination , past medical history , habits and lifestyle factors , two complete seminal analysis with sperm functional tests , serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D ( 25 ( OH ) VD ) , total and free testosterone , luteinizing hormone ( LH ) , follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ) , sex hormone-binding globulin ( SHBG ) , total cholesterol , homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) index , and karyotype .
The mean concentration of 25 ( OH ) VDwas significantly lower in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and positively correlated with all baseline seminal parameters and total testosterone levels .
In addition , serum vitamin Dconcentration was found to be positively correlated with sperm concentration ( β= 2.103 ; P < 0.001 ) , total number of spermatozoa with progressive motility ( β = 2.069 ; P = 0.003 ) , total number of motile spermatozoa ( β = 2.571 ; P = 0.015 ) , and strict morphology ( β = 0.056 ; P = 0.006 ) , regardless of other variables .
This is the first comparative study @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Dcontent between normozoospermic patients and those with sperm abnormalities .
It clearly demonstrates a direct and positive relationship between serum vitamin D level and overall semen quality , male reproductive potential , and testosterone levels .

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of serum vitamin D levels on semen quality and testosterone levels. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with 508 male patients, aged 18-60 years, from 2007 to 2017. Seminal parameters and serum sexual hormones were correlated with serum vitamin D concentrations in 260 men selected by strict selection criteria. Patients were divided into normozoospermic group (NZG, n = 124) and a group with seminal abnormalities (SAG, n = 136). Evaluation included complete physical examination, past medical history, habits and lifestyle factors, two complete seminal analysis with sperm functional tests, serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D(25(OH)VD), total and free testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total cholesterol, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and karyotype. The mean concentration of 25(OH)VDwas significantly lower in the SAG (P<0.001) and positively correlated with all baseline seminal parameters and total testosterone levels. In addition, serum vitamin Dconcentration was found to be positively correlated with sperm concentration (β= 2.103; P<0.001), total number of spermatozoa with progressive motility (β = 2.069; P = 0.003), total number of motile spermatozoa (β = 2.571; P = 0.015), and strict morphology (β = 0.056; P = 0.006), regardless of other variables. This is the first comparative study to address the issue of serum vitamin Dcontent between normozoospermic patients and those with sperm abnormalities. It clearly demonstrates a direct and positive relationship between serum vitamin D level and overall semen quality, male reproductive potential, and testosterone levels.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--The effects of vitamin D supplementation on lipid and inflammatory profile of healthy adolescent boy

The effects of vitamin D supplementation on lipid and inflammatory profile of healthy adolescent boys.

BACKGROUND : Deficiency of vitamin D , an anti-inflammatory micronutrient with some favorable effects on lipid profiles , has been found to be highly prevalent in adolescents .
We aimed to investigate the effect of a school-based vitamin D supplementation regimen on the correction of vitamin D deficiency as well as lipid and inflammatory profiles of healthy adolescent boys .
METHODS : In this randomized single-blind placebo-controlled trial , seventy-one healthy adolescent boys ( age 17 years old ) were recruited from one high school in Tehran , Iran , and randomly assigned to two groups .
The supplement group @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of 50,000 IU monthly for 6 months , this dose is indeed defined by the Ministry of Health in Iran for a potential national school-based vitamin D supplementation program .
The other group was given placebo pearls for the same duration .
Before and after the treatment , the serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D ( 25 ( OH ) D ) , parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) , retinol , lead ( Pb ) , the lipid profile and the inflammatory biomarkers were measured and compared .
RESULTS : Between-groups statistical analysis @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) vitamin D significantly increased the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25 ( OH ) D ) ( < 0.001 ) and decreased serum levels of PTH ( = 0.003 ) .
No significant change was observed in serum levels of retinol and Pb .
Between-group analysis revealed that the serum levels of TG ( P = 0.001 ) decreased while an increase in serum levels of HDL ( = 0.021 ) was observed ( < 0.05 ) .
Both the within- and between-group analysis showed that serum tumor necrosis factor receptor @ @ @ @ @ @ @ serum interleukin-10 ( IL-10 ) increased in response to vitamin D supplementation ( < 0.05 ) .
CONCLUSION : A supplementation regimen of ( 50,000 IU/month ) vitamin D in a context with high rates of vitamin deficiency has shown positive impacts on the serum vitamin D , lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adolescent boys .

BACKGROUND: Deficiency of vitamin D, an anti-inflammatory micronutrient with some favorable effects on lipid profiles, has been found to be highly prevalent in adolescents. We aimed to investigate the effect of a school-based vitamin D supplementation regimen on the correction of vitamin D deficiency as well as lipid and inflammatory profiles of healthy adolescent boys.
METHODS: In this randomized single-blind placebo-controlled trial, seventy-one healthy adolescent boys (age 17 years old) were recruited from one high school in Tehran, Iran, and randomly assigned to two groups. The supplement group received vitamin D pearls at a dose of 50,000 IU monthly for 6 months, this dose is indeed defined by the Ministry of Health in Iran for a potential national school-based vitamin D supplementation program. The other group was given placebo pearls for the same duration. Before and after the treatment, the serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH) D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), retinol, lead (Pb), the lipid profile and the inflammatory biomarkers were measured and compared.
RESULTS: Between-groups statistical analysis showed that a dose (50,000 IU/month) vitamin D significantly increased the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) (<0.001) and decreased serum levels of PTH (= 0.003). No significant change was observed in serum levels of retinol and Pb. Between-group analysis revealed that the serum levels of TG (P = 0.001) decreased while an increase in serum levels of HDL (= 0.021) was observed (<0.05). Both the within- and between-group analysis showed that serum tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) concentration declined while serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) increased in response to vitamin D supplementation (<0.05).
CONCLUSION: A supplementation regimen of (50,000 IU/month) vitamin D in a context with high rates of vitamin deficiency has shown positive impacts on the serum vitamin D, lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adolescent boys.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Vitamin D and immunity in infants and children.

The last couple of decades have seen an explosion in our interest and understanding of the role of vitamin D in the regulation of immunity .
At the molecular level , the hormonal form of vitamin D signals through the nuclear vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) , a ligand-regulated transcription factor .
The VDR and vitamin D metabolic enzymes are expressed throughout the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system .
The advent of genome-wide approaches to gene expression profiling have led to the identification of numerous VDR-regulated genes implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity @ @ @ @ @ @ @ D signaling should boost innate immunity against pathogens of bacterial or viral origin .
Vitamin D signaling also suppresses inflammatory immune responses that underlie autoimmunity and regulate allergic responses .
These findings have been bolstered by clinical studies linking vitamin D deficiency to increased rates of infections , autoimmunity , and allergies .
Our goals here are to provide an overview of the molecular basis for immune system regulation and to survey the clinical data from pediatric populations , using randomized placebo-controlled trials and meta-analyses where possible , linking vitamin D deficiency to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , and allergies , and addressing the impact of supplementation on these conditions .

The last couple of decades have seen an explosion in our interest and understanding of the role of vitamin D in the regulation of immunity. At the molecular level, the hormonal form of vitamin D signals through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand-regulated transcription factor. The VDR and vitamin D metabolic enzymes are expressed throughout the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The advent of genome-wide approaches to gene expression profiling have led to the identification of numerous VDR-regulated genes implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. The molecular data infer that vitamin D signaling should boost innate immunity against pathogens of bacterial or viral origin. Vitamin D signaling also suppresses inflammatory immune responses that underlie autoimmunity and regulate allergic responses. These findings have been bolstered by clinical studies linking vitamin D deficiency to increased rates of infections, autoimmunity, and allergies. Our goals here are to provide an overview of the molecular basis for immune system regulation and to survey the clinical data from pediatric populations, using randomized placebo-controlled trials and meta-analyses where possible, linking vitamin D deficiency to increased rates of infections, autoimmune conditions, and allergies, and addressing the impact of supplementation on these conditions.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--High-dose vitamin D supplementation was found to reduce antibody titers to Hsp27.

Background Although vitamin D deficiency is associated with several inflammatory conditions , there have been few studies on the effects @ @ @ @ @ markers of oxidative stress ( OS ) and inflammation .
The aim of the current @ @ @ @ @ effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on heat shock protein 27 antibody ( anti-Hsp27 ) @ @ @ @ @ Methods Five hundred and fifty adolescent girls received vitamin D3 at a dose of 50,000 @ @ @ @ @ Demographic , clinical and biochemical markers including serum fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , @ @ @ @ @ as well as hematological parameters including white blood cell ( WBC ) count and red @ @ @ @ @ distribution width ( RDW ) were determined in all the subjects at baseline and at @ @ @ @ @ .
Results Serum vitamin D significantly increased from 6.4 ( 4.2-9.6 ) ng/mL to 35.6 @ @ @ @ @ p

Background Although vitamin D deficiency is associated with several inflammatory conditions, there have been few studies on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on markers of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on heat shock protein 27 antibody (anti-Hsp27) titers in adolescent girls. Methods Five hundred and fifty adolescent girls received vitamin D3 at a dose of 50,000 IU/week for 9 weeks. Demographic, clinical and biochemical markers including serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile and anti-Hsp27 titers as well as hematological parameters including white blood cell (WBC) count and red blood cell (RBC) distribution width (RDW) were determined in all the subjects at baseline and at the end of the study. Results Serum vitamin D significantly increased from 6.4 (4.2-9.6) ng/mL to 35.6 (25.8-47.5) ng/mL (p < 0.001) following the intervention. Furthermore, serum anti-Hsp27 titers were significantly lower after the 9-week vitamin D administration period (0.22 [0.12-0.33] optical density [OD] vs. 0.19 [0.11-0.31] OD; p = 0.002). A significant correlation was found between serum anti-Hsp27 and RDW (r = 0.13, p = 0.037). The reduction in RDW values after intervention was particularly evident in subjects with the greatest increase in serum vitamin D levels. Conclusions High-dose vitamin D supplementation was found to reduce antibody titers to Hsp27. Further randomized placebo-controlled trials are warranted to determine the long-term effect of vitamin D administration on the inflammatory process especially that associated with chronic disease.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Vitamin D: A simpler alternative to tocilizumab for trial in COVID-19?

There is anecdotal evidence that tocilizumab , an immunosuppressant drug , may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with @ @ @ @ @ 2019 ( COVID-19 ) .
Like tocilizumab , Vitamin D appears to modulate the activity @ @ @ @ @ ) , which may explain the seasonal variation in prevalence of influenza .
While most @ @ @ @ @ thus far , occurred in the Northern Hemisphere winter , limiting the ability to assess @ @ @ @ @ substantial variation in the severity of this condition that has yet to be explained .
@ @ @ @ @ D levels in previously obtained blood samples between survivors and confirmed fatalities could establish a @ @ @ @ @ Vitamin D supplementation .
This would be far cheaper and simpler than tocilizumab as a @ @ @ @ @

There is anecdotal evidence that tocilizumab, an immunosuppressant drug, may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Like tocilizumab, Vitamin D appears to modulate the activity of an interleukin (IL-6), which may explain the seasonal variation in prevalence of influenza. While most cases of COVID-19 have, thus far, occurred in the Northern Hemisphere winter, limiting the ability to assess seasonal variation, there remains substantial variation in the severity of this condition that has yet to be explained. A retrospective comparison of Vitamin D levels in previously obtained blood samples between survivors and confirmed fatalities could establish a rationale for implementation of widespread Vitamin D supplementation. This would be far cheaper and simpler than tocilizumab as a therapeutic option to trial.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Serum CRP, MDA, vitamin C, and trace elements in Bangladeshi patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is an autoimmune disorder that is a painful health crisis .
This study aimed to @ @ @ @ @ ( CRP ) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , non-enzymatic antioxidant ( vitamin C ) @ @ @ @ @ Zn , Cu , Mn , and Fe ) in RA patients , and thereby @ @ @ @ @ association of RA .
This study included 20 Bangladeshi RA patients and 20 normal healthy @ @ @ @ @ CRP level was determined using a laboratory-based latex agglutination-enhanced immunoassay .
The lipid peroxidation level @ @ @ @ @ the serum level of MDA .
Non-enzymatic antioxidant vitamin C was assessed by UV spectrophotometric @ @ @ @ @ determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy ( AAS ) .
Our study observed significantly higher concentrations @ @ @ @

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that is a painful health crisis. This study aimed to assess the serum C-reactive protein (CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), non-enzymatic antioxidant (vitamin C), and trace elements (Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) in RA patients, and thereby correlate these parameters with the association of RA. This study included 20 Bangladeshi RA patients and 20 normal healthy volunteers as control subjects. CRP level was determined using a laboratory-based latex agglutination-enhanced immunoassay. The lipid peroxidation level was determined by measurement of the serum level of MDA. Non-enzymatic antioxidant vitamin C was assessed by UV spectrophotometric method. Trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Our study observed significantly higher concentrations of CRP (p < 0.001) and MDA (p < 0.001), and significantly lower concentrations of vitamin C (p < 0.001) in the RA patient. The mean values of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe were 6.62 ± 0.34, 1.42 ± 0.17, 7.51 ± 0.23, and 29.25 ± 0.41 ppm for the RA patients respectively and 13.57 ± 9.13, 1.15 ± 0.17, 1.59 ± 0.18, and 62.47 ± 5.25 ppm for the control subjects, consequently. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the trace element levels between the RA patients and control subjects. Our study suggests that a higher concentration of CRP and MDA, lower levels of vitamin C, and altered trace elements may be linked to RA.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--This suggests that zinc supplementation may reduce the overall burden due to common cold among healt

The common cold had resulted in significant economic and social burden worldwide .
The effect of vitamin C on preventing common cold in healthy adults has been investigated extensively , but not that of other micronutrients .
Thus , we aim to assess the effects of providing micronutrients singly through oral means , on cold incidence , and/or management ( in terms of cold duration and symptom severity ) in healthy adults from systematically searched randomized controlled trials .
From four electronic databases , 660 identified studies were screened and data were extracted from 20 studies ( zinc , 10 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ vitamins A and E , 2 ) .
The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and certainty in the outcomes was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment , Development and Evaluation approach .
The review found that micronutrients supplementation , except vitamin C , may not prevent cold incidence or reduce symptom severity among healthy adults .
However , zinc supplementation was observed to potentially reduce cold duration by 2.25 days ( when zinc is provided singly , 95 % CI : -3.39 , -1.12 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ may reduce the overall burden due to common cold among healthy adults .

The common cold had resulted in significant economic and social burden worldwide. The effect of vitamin C on preventing common cold in healthy adults has been investigated extensively, but not that of other micronutrients. Thus, we aim to assess the effects of providing micronutrients singly through oral means, on cold incidence, and/or management (in terms of cold duration and symptom severity) in healthy adults from systematically searched randomized controlled trials. From four electronic databases, 660 identified studies were screened and data were extracted from 20 studies (zinc, 10; vitamin D, 8; and vitamins A and E, 2). The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and certainty in the outcomes was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The review found that micronutrients supplementation, except vitamin C, may not prevent cold incidence or reduce symptom severity among healthy adults. However, zinc supplementation was observed to potentially reduce cold duration by 2.25 days (when zinc is provided singly, 95% CI: -3.39, -1.12). This suggests that zinc supplementation may reduce the overall burden due to common cold among healthy adults.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Vitamin C, curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid regulates the immune response to combat CoV infections and

Vitamin C, curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid regulates the immune response to combat CoV infections and inhibits excessive inflammatory responses to prevent the onset of cytokine storm.

Novel coronaviruses ( CoV ) have emerged periodically around the world in recent years .
The recurrent spreading of CoVs imposes an ongoing threat to global health and the economy .
Since no specific therapy for these CoVs is available , any beneficial approach ( including nutritional and dietary approach ) is worth investigation .
Based on recent advances in nutrients and phytonutrients research , a novel combination of vitamin C , curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid ( VCG Plus ) was developed that has potential against CoV infection .
System biology tools were applied to explore the potential of VCG @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to immune and inflammation responses .
Gene target acquisition , gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes ( KEGG ) pathway enrichment were conducted consecutively along with network analysis .
The results show that VCG Plus can act on 88 hub targets which are closely connected and associated with immune and inflammatory responses .
Specifically , VCG Plus has the potential to regulate innate immune response by acting on NOD-like and Toll-like signaling pathways to promote interferons production , activate and balance T-cells , and regulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
All these biological processes and pathways have been well documented in CoV infections studies .
Therefore , our findings suggest that VCG Plus may be helpful in regulating immune response to combat CoV infections and inhibit excessive inflammatory responses to prevent the onset of cytokine storm .
However , further in vitro and in vivo experiments are warranted to validate the current findings with system biology tools .
Our current approach provides a new strategy in predicting formulation rationale when developing new dietary supplements .

Novel coronaviruses (CoV) have emerged periodically around the world in recent years. The recurrent spreading of CoVs imposes an ongoing threat to global health and the economy. Since no specific therapy for these CoVs is available, any beneficial approach (including nutritional and dietary approach) is worth investigation. Based on recent advances in nutrients and phytonutrients research, a novel combination of vitamin C, curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid (VCG Plus) was developed that has potential against CoV infection. System biology tools were applied to explore the potential of VCG Plus in modulating targets and pathways relevant to immune and inflammation responses. Gene target acquisition, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were conducted consecutively along with network analysis. The results show that VCG Plus can act on 88 hub targets which are closely connected and associated with immune and inflammatory responses. Specifically, VCG Plus has the potential to regulate innate immune response by acting on NOD-like and Toll-like signaling pathways to promote interferons production, activate and balance T-cells, and regulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting PI3K/AKT, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. All these biological processes and pathways have been well documented in CoV infections studies. Therefore, our findings suggest that VCG Plus may be helpful in regulating immune response to combat CoV infections and inhibit excessive inflammatory responses to prevent the onset of cytokine storm. However, further in vitro and in vivo experiments are warranted to validate the current findings with system biology tools. Our current approach provides a new strategy in predicting formulation rationale when developing new dietary supplements.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--A novel kefir product (PFT) inhibits Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice via induction of apoptosis an

A novel kefir product (PFT) inhibits Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice via induction of apoptosis and immunomodulation.

BACKGROUND : The popularity of fermented foods such as kefir , kuniss , and tofu has been greatly increasing over the past several decades , and the ability of probiotic bacteria to exert anticancer effects has recently become the focus of research .
While we have recently demonstrated the ability of the novel kefir product PFT ( Probiotics Fermentation Technology ) to exert anticancer effects in vitro , here we demonstrate its ability to inhibit Ehrlich ascites carcinoma ( EAC ) in mice .
METHODS : Mice were inoculated intramuscularly with EAC cells to develop solid tumors .
PFT was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mice 6 days/week , either 2 days before tumor cell inoculation or 9 days after inoculation to mice bearing solid tumors .
Tumor growth , blood lymphocyte levels , cell cycle progression , apoptosis , apoptotic regulator expression , TNF-α expression , changes in mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP ) , PCNA , and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor cells were quantitatively evaluated by flow cytometry or RT-PCR .
Further studies in vitro were carried out where EAC cells along with several other human cancer cell lines were cultured in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Percent cell viability and ICwas estimated by MTT assay .
RESULTS : Our data shows that PFT exerts the following : 1 ) inhibition of tumor incidence and tumor growth ; 2 ) inhibition of cellular proliferation via a marked decrease in the expression of tumor marker PCNA ; 3 ) arrest of the tumor cell cycle in the sub-G0/G1 phase , signifying apoptosis ; 4 ) induction of apoptosis in cancer cells via a mitochondrial-dependent pathway as indicated by the up-regulation of p53 expression , increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio , decrease in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ activation ; and 5 ) immunomodulation with an increase in the number of infiltrating CD4and CD8T cells and an enhancement of TNF-α expression within the tumor .
CONCLUSIONS : PFT reduces tumor incidence and tumor growth in mice with EAC by inducing apoptosis in EAC cells via the mitochondrial-dependent pathway , suppressing cancer cell proliferation , and stimulating the immune system .
PFT may be a useful agent for cancer prevention .

BACKGROUND: The popularity of fermented foods such as kefir, kuniss, and tofu has been greatly increasing over the past several decades, and the ability of probiotic bacteria to exert anticancer effects has recently become the focus of research. While we have recently demonstrated the ability of the novel kefir product PFT (Probiotics Fermentation Technology) to exert anticancer effects in vitro, here we demonstrate its ability to inhibit Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice.
METHODS: Mice were inoculated intramuscularly with EAC cells to develop solid tumors. PFT was administered orally (2 g/kg/day) to mice 6 days/week, either 2 days before tumor cell inoculation or 9 days after inoculation to mice bearing solid tumors. Tumor growth, blood lymphocyte levels, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, apoptotic regulator expression, TNF-α expression, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), PCNA, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor cells were quantitatively evaluated by flow cytometry or RT-PCR. Further studies in vitro were carried out where EAC cells along with several other human cancer cell lines were cultured in the presence of PFT (0-5 mg/mL). Percent cell viability and ICwas estimated by MTT assay.
RESULTS: Our data shows that PFT exerts the following: 1) inhibition of tumor incidence and tumor growth; 2) inhibition of cellular proliferation via a marked decrease in the expression of tumor marker PCNA; 3) arrest of the tumor cell cycle in the sub-G0/G1 phase, signifying apoptosis; 4) induction of apoptosis in cancer cells via a mitochondrial-dependent pathway as indicated by the up-regulation of p53 expression, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, decrease in the polarization of MMP, and caspase-3 activation; and 5) immunomodulation with an increase in the number of infiltrating CD4and CD8T cells and an enhancement of TNF-α expression within the tumor.
CONCLUSIONS: PFT reduces tumor incidence and tumor growth in mice with EAC by inducing apoptosis in EAC cells via the mitochondrial-dependent pathway, suppressing cancer cell proliferation, and stimulating the immune system. PFT may be a useful agent for cancer prevention.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--The radioprotective effect of ascorbic acid and kefir against genotoxicity induced by exposure in mi

The radioprotective effect of ascorbic acid and kefir against genotoxicity induced by exposure in mice blood lymphocytes.

The aim of this research was to determine how coadministration of ascorbic acid prior to the beginning of X-irradiation influences the lymphocyte DNA damage and also if the kefir supplementation to irradiated mice may alter the recovery procedure of lymphocyte genetic material injury .
Following treatment of animals with these agents , the whole-body of mice were irradiated to 6 MV X-rays , then genotoxicity activity was investigated by comet assay .
Our results show that the Total Comet Score ( TCS ) value was 1.39 and 1.5 fold less in the kefir and ascorbic acid groups respectively the following @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Coadministration of ascorbic acid and kefir with 2 h , before relatively to 2 Gy radiation decreased DNA damage in lymphocyte blood cells .
The antioxidant strength of ascorbic acid and kefir were investigated by the study of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl ( DPPH ) radical scavenging properties and also ferric reducing antioxidant power ( FRAP ) assay .
Our results revealed that ascorbic acid and kefir show strong antioxidant activity by these methods .
According to these results , it seems that ascorbic acid and kefir , as a free radical scavenging capacitiy @ @ @ @ @ @ @ radiation-induced DNA injury and genotoxicity .

The aim of this research was to determine how coadministration of ascorbic acid prior to the beginning of X-irradiation influences the lymphocyte DNA damage and also if the kefir supplementation to irradiated mice may alter the recovery procedure of lymphocyte genetic material injury. Following treatment of animals with these agents, the whole-body of mice were irradiated to 6 MV X-rays, then genotoxicity activity was investigated by comet assay. Our results show that the Total Comet Score (TCS) value was 1.39 and 1.5 fold less in the kefir and ascorbic acid groups respectively the following irradiation than in the irradiated mice only. Coadministration of ascorbic acid and kefir with 2 h, before relatively to 2 Gy radiation decreased DNA damage in lymphocyte blood cells. The antioxidant strength of ascorbic acid and kefir were investigated by the study of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging properties and also ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Our results revealed that ascorbic acid and kefir show strong antioxidant activity by these methods. According to these results, it seems that ascorbic acid and kefir, as a free radical scavenging capacitiy, protect animal lymphocyte blood cells from radiation-induced DNA injury and genotoxicity.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--LVFG could have the potential for alleviating physical fatigue due to its pharmacological effect of

It has been reported that abundant nitric oxide content in endothelial cells can increase exercise performance .
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of a combined extract comprising L-arginine , L-glutamine , vitamin C , vitamin E , folic acid , and green tea extract ( LVFG ) on nitric oxide content to decrease exercise fatigue .
Male ICR ( Institute of Cancer Research ) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and orally administered LVFG for 4 weeks .
The 4-week LVFG supplementation significantly increased serum nitric oxide content in the LVFG-1X and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ performance were evaluated using forelimb grip strength , exhaustive swimming test , and levels of serum lactate , ammonia , glucose , and creatine kinase ( CK ) after an acute swimming exercise .
LVFG supplementation dose-dependently improved exercise performance and nitric oxide content , and it dose-dependently decreased serum ammonia and CK activity after exhaustive swimming test .
LVFG 's antifatigue properties appear to manifest by preserving energy storage ( as blood glucose ) and increasing nitric oxide content .
Taken together , our results show that LVFG could have the potential @ @ @ @ @ @ @ pharmacological effect of increasing serum nitric oxide content .

It has been reported that abundant nitric oxide content in endothelial cells can increase exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of a combined extract comprising L-arginine, L-glutamine, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, and green tea extract (LVFG) on nitric oxide content to decrease exercise fatigue. Male ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and orally administered LVFG for 4 weeks. The 4-week LVFG supplementation significantly increased serum nitric oxide content in the LVFG-1X and LVFG-2X groups. Antifatigue activity and exercise performance were evaluated using forelimb grip strength, exhaustive swimming test, and levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, and creatine kinase (CK) after an acute swimming exercise. LVFG supplementation dose-dependently improved exercise performance and nitric oxide content, and it dose-dependently decreased serum ammonia and CK activity after exhaustive swimming test. LVFG's antifatigue properties appear to manifest by preserving energy storage (as blood glucose) and increasing nitric oxide content. Taken together, our results show that LVFG could have the potential for alleviating physical fatigue due to its pharmacological effect of increasing serum nitric oxide content.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Modulation of gut microbiota by fucoxanthin during alleviation of obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice.

Fucoxanthin ( Fx ) , an allenic carotenoid from brown seaweeds or diatoms , has been demonstrated to prevent obesity @ @ @ @ @ are two counted important incidence reasons of obesity and related diseases .
In this paper @ @ @ @ @ by high-fat diet ( HFD ) was used to reveal the role of Fx in @ @ @ @ @ obesity .
In addition , 16S rRNA sequencing results inferred that Fx alleviated HFD-induced gut @ @ @ @ @ the growth of obesity-/inflammation-related Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae while promoting the growth of/ , , and @ @ @ @ @ correlation analysis showed that some gut microbiota taxa were strongly correlated with obesity phenotypes and @ @ @ @ @ conclusion , dietary Fx has the potential to alleviate the development of obesity and related @ @ @ @ @ of gut microbiota as demonstrated in mice .
This study provides scientific evidence for the @ @ @ @ @ obesity treatment .

Fucoxanthin (Fx), an allenic carotenoid from brown seaweeds or diatoms, has been demonstrated to prevent obesity. Gut dysbiosis and inflammation are two counted important incidence reasons of obesity and related diseases. In this paper, a mouse model induced by high-fat diet (HFD) was used to reveal the role of Fx in modulating intestinal homeostasis and treating obesity. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing results inferred that Fx alleviated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by significantly inhibiting the growth of obesity-/inflammation-related Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae while promoting the growth of/,, and some butyrate-producing bacteria. The correlation analysis showed that some gut microbiota taxa were strongly correlated with obesity phenotypes and the inflammation level. In conclusion, dietary Fx has the potential to alleviate the development of obesity and related symptoms through mediating the composition of gut microbiota as demonstrated in mice. This study provides scientific evidence for the potential effects of Fx on obesity treatment.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--Fucoidan induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose : Fucoidan is a natural bioactive product with broad therapeutic applications .
Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) is a common malignancy of the liver associated with a relatively high mortality rate ; thus , effective treatments are urgently needed .
Here , the effects of fucoidan on HCC and the underlying mechanism were explored .
Methods : The proliferation and apoptosis of two HCC cell lines ( BEL-7402 and LM3 ) treated with different concentrations of fucoidan or saline were assessed .
The levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) and CCK8 assay were used to determine @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Apoptosis of LM3 cells was assessed by Hoechst 33342 staining , Western blotting and flow cytometry .
The capability of fucoidan to inhibit the growth of LM3 cells was investigated by monitoring of the p38 MAPK/ERK pathways and the upstream kinases , PI3K/Akt .
LM3 xenograft tumors were used for in vivo verification .
Results : Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays consistently showed that fucoidan has an inhibitory effect on cell growth .
Fucoidan significantly promoted apoptosis of LM3 cells through a mechanism involving activation of caspases 8 , 9 , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( Bcl-2 ) and Bcl-2-associated X protein ( Bax ) , as well as changes in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK .
Fucoidan also altered the phosphorylation of its upstream kinase , Akt .
Fucoidan treatment markedly reduced the growth of LM3 xenograft tumors , consistent with the in vitro results .
Conclusion : Fucoidan conveys antitumor effects and , thus , should be further explored as a potential treatment option for HCC .

Purpose: Fucoidan is a natural bioactive product with broad therapeutic applications. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy of the liver associated with a relatively high mortality rate; thus, effective treatments are urgently needed. Here, the effects of fucoidan on HCC and the underlying mechanism were explored.
Methods: The proliferation and apoptosis of two HCC cell lines (BEL-7402 and LM3) treated with different concentrations of fucoidan or saline were assessed. The levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and CCK8 assay were used to determine proliferative capabilities of BEL-7402 and LM3 cells. Apoptosis of LM3 cells was assessed by Hoechst 33342 staining, Western blotting and flow cytometry. The capability of fucoidan to inhibit the growth of LM3 cells was investigated by monitoring of the p38 MAPK/ERK pathways and the upstream kinases, PI3K/Akt. LM3 xenograft tumors were used for in vivo verification.
Results: Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays consistently showed that fucoidan has an inhibitory effect on cell growth. Fucoidan significantly promoted apoptosis of LM3 cells through a mechanism involving activation of caspases 8, 9, and 3 accompanied by changes in B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), as well as changes in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK. Fucoidan also altered the phosphorylation of its upstream kinase, Akt. Fucoidan treatment markedly reduced the growth of LM3 xenograft tumors, consistent with the in vitro results.
Conclusion: Fucoidan conveys antitumor effects and, thus, should be further explored as a potential treatment option for HCC.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-01--Six Natural Substances to Alleviate Periodontal Disease

This website is for information purposes only .
By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing , treating @ @ @ @ @ or preventing any type of disease or medical condition .
Before beginning any type of @ @ @ @ @ treatment regimen , it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional @

This website is for information purposes only. By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing, treating, curing, mitigating, or preventing any type of disease or medical condition. Before beginning any type of natural, integrative or conventional treatment regimen, it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional.
© Copyright 2008-2023 GreenMedInfo.com, Journal Articles copyright of original owners, MeSH copyright NLM.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--TAIWAN: No Lockdowns, No Closed Businesses, Non-WHO Member, and Relatively Unaffected by COVID-19


greenmedinfo--2020-05-02--MUST SEE: How Bill Gates Monopolized Global Health

This question , once merely academic , is becoming a very real question for those who are beginning to realize @ @ @ @ @ has been used to gain control over every corner of the fields of public health @ @ @ @ @ development .
And now that we are presented with the very problem that Gates has @ @ @ @ @ , we will soon find that this software developer with no medical training is going @ @ @ @ @ control over the fates of billions of people .
TRANSCRIPT AND MP3 : www.corbettreport.com/gates Please @ @ @ @ @ Corbett and the Corbett Report .
They have no hidden agendas or primary funders beyond @ @ @ @ @ and me !
You can become a member for as little as $ 1 a @ @

Visit our Re-post guidelines This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2020
Who is Bill Gates? A software developer? A businessman? A philanthropist? A global health expert?
This question, once merely academic, is becoming a very real question for those who are beginning to realize that Gates' unimaginable wealth has been used to gain control over every corner of the fields of public health, medical research and vaccine development. And now that we are presented with the very problem that Gates has been talking about for years, we will soon find that this software developer with no medical training is going to leverage that wealth into control over the fates of billions of people. TRANSCRIPT AND MP3: www.corbettreport.com/gates
Please support the work of James Corbett and the Corbett Report. They have no hidden agendas or primary funders beyond the micro-donations made by you and me! You can become a member for as little as $1 a month.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-03--Antimicrobial and immune-modulatory effects of vitamin D provide promising antibiotics.

Antimicrobial multidrug-resistance ( MDR ) constitutes an emerging threat to global health and makes the effective prevention and treatment of many , particularly severe infections challenging , if not impossible .
Many antibiotic classes have lost antimicrobial efficacy against a plethora of infectious agents including bacterial species due to microbial acquisition of distinct resistance genes .
Hence , the development of novel anti-infectious intervention strategies including antibiotic-independent approaches is urgently needed .
Vitamins such as vitamin D and vitamin D derivates might be such promising molecular candidates to combat infections caused by bacteria including MDR strains .
Using the Pubmed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ literature survey , searching for publications on the antimicrobial effect of vitamin D directed against bacteria including MDR strains .
In vitro and clinical studies between 2009 and 2019 revealed that vitamin D does , in fact , possess antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species , whereas conflicting results could be obtained from in vivo studies .
Taken together , the potential anti-infectious effects for the antibiotic-independent application of vitamin D and/or an adjunct therapy in combination with antibiotic compounds directed against infectious diseases such as tuberculosis , infections , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ should be considered and further investigated in more detail .

Antimicrobial multidrug-resistance (MDR) constitutes an emerging threat to global health and makes the effective prevention and treatment of many, particularly severe infections challenging, if not impossible. Many antibiotic classes have lost antimicrobial efficacy against a plethora of infectious agents including bacterial species due to microbial acquisition of distinct resistance genes. Hence, the development of novel anti-infectious intervention strategies including antibiotic-independent approaches is urgently needed. Vitamins such as vitamin D and vitamin D derivates might be such promising molecular candidates to combat infections caused by bacteria including MDR strains. Using the Pubmed database, we therefore performed an in-depth literature survey, searching for publications on the antimicrobial effect of vitamin D directed against bacteria including MDR strains. In vitro and clinical studies between 2009 and 2019 revealed that vitamin D does, in fact, possess antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species, whereas conflicting results could be obtained from in vivo studies. Taken together, the potential anti-infectious effects for the antibiotic-independent application of vitamin D and/or an adjunct therapy in combination with antibiotic compounds directed against infectious diseases such as tuberculosis,infections, or skin diseases, for instance, should be considered and further investigated in more detail.


greenmedinfo--2020-05-03--Vitamin D status and its influence on outcomes following major burn injury and critical illness.

Vitamin D deficiency is common among the general population .
It is also observed in up to 76 % of critically ill patients .
Despite the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in critical illness , vitamin D is often overlooked by medical staff as the clinical implications and consequences of vitamin D deficiency in acute contexts remain to be fully understood .
Vitamin D has a broad range of pleotropic effects on various processes and systems including the immune-inflammatory response .
1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ( 1,25 ( OH ) D ) , has been shown to promote a tolerogenic immune response @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the innate immune system , and enhancement of anti-microbial peptides .
Vitamin D deficiency is frequently observed in critically ill patients and has been related to extrinsic causes ( i.e.
, limited sunlight exposure ) , magnitude of injury/illness , or the treatment started by medical doctors including fluid resuscitation .
Low levels of vitamin D in critically ill patients have been associated with sepsis , organ failure , and mortality .
Despite this , there are subpopulations of critical illness , such as burn patients , where the literature regarding vitamin D @ @ @ @ @ @ @ insufficient .
Thermal injury results in damage to both burned and non-burned tissues , as well as induces an exaggerated and persistent immune-inflammatory and hypermetabolic response .
In this review , we propose potential mechanisms in which burn injury affects the vitamin D status and summarizes current literature investigating the influence of vitamin D status on outcomes .
In addition , we reviewed the literature and trials investigating vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients and discuss the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation in burn and critically ill patients .
We also @ @ @ @ @ @ @ investigated vitamin D status and supplementation in critical illness .
Thermal injury influences vitamin D status .
More studies investigating vitamin D depletion in burn patients and its influence on prognosis , via standardized methodology , are required to reach definitive conclusions and influence clinical practice .

Vitamin D deficiency is common among the general population. It is also observed in up to 76% of critically ill patients. Despite the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in critical illness, vitamin D is often overlooked by medical staff as the clinical implications and consequences of vitamin D deficiency in acute contexts remain to be fully understood. Vitamin D has a broad range of pleotropic effects on various processes and systems including the immune-inflammatory response. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D), has been shown to promote a tolerogenic immune response limiting deleterious inflammatory effects, modulation of the innate immune system, and enhancement of anti-microbial peptides. Vitamin D deficiency is frequently observed in critically ill patients and has been related to extrinsic causes (i.e., limited sunlight exposure), magnitude of injury/illness, or the treatment started by medical doctors including fluid resuscitation. Low levels of vitamin D in critically ill patients have been associated with sepsis, organ failure, and mortality. Despite this, there are subpopulations of critical illness, such as burn patients, where the literature regarding vitamin D status and its influence on outcomes remain insufficient. Thermal injury results in damage to both burned and non-burned tissues, as well as induces an exaggerated and persistent immune-inflammatory and hypermetabolic response. In this review, we propose potential mechanisms in which burn injury affects the vitamin D status and summarizes current literature investigating the influence of vitamin D status on outcomes. In addition, we reviewed the literature and trials investigating vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients and discuss the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation in burn and critically ill patients. We also highlight current limitations of studies that have investigated vitamin D status and supplementation in critical illness. Thermal injury influences vitamin D status. More studies investigating vitamin D depletion in burn patients and its influence on prognosis, via standardized methodology, are required to reach definitive conclusions and influence clinical practice.