greenmedinfo--2020-11-24--Preliminary clinical trials also support the efficacy of CBD as an anxiolytic, antipsychotic, and an

Preliminary clinical trials also support the efficacy of CBD as an anxiolytic, antipsychotic, and antidepressant.

The potential therapeutic use of someplant compounds has been attracting great interest , especially for managing neuropsychiatric disorders due to the relative lack of efficacy of the current treatments .
Numerous studies have been carried out using the main phytocannabinoids , tetrahydrocannabinol ( THC ) and cannabidiol ( CBD ) .
CBD displays an interesting pharmacological profile without the potential for becoming a drug of abuse , unlike THC .
In this review , we focused on the anxiolytic , antidepressant , and antipsychotic effects of CBD found in animal and human studies .
In rodents , results suggest that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ dose , the strain , the administration time course ( acute vs. chronic ) , and the route of administration .
In addition , certain key targets have been related with these CBD pharmacological actions , including cannabinoid receptors ( CBr and CBr ) , 5-HTreceptor and neurogenesis factors .
Preliminary clinical trials also support the efficacy of CBD as an anxiolytic , antipsychotic , and antidepressant , and more importantly , a positive risk-benefit profile .
These promising results support the development of large-scale studies to further evaluate CBD as a potential @ @ @ @ @ @ @ psychiatric disorders .

The potential therapeutic use of someplant compounds has been attracting great interest, especially for managing neuropsychiatric disorders due to the relative lack of efficacy of the current treatments. Numerous studies have been carried out using the main phytocannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). CBD displays an interesting pharmacological profile without the potential for becoming a drug of abuse, unlike THC. In this review, we focused on the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antipsychotic effects of CBD found in animal and human studies. In rodents, results suggest that the effects of CBD depend on the dose, the strain, the administration time course (acute vs. chronic), and the route of administration. In addition, certain key targets have been related with these CBD pharmacological actions, including cannabinoid receptors (CBr and CBr), 5-HTreceptor and neurogenesis factors. Preliminary clinical trials also support the efficacy of CBD as an anxiolytic, antipsychotic, and antidepressant, and more importantly, a positive risk-benefit profile. These promising results support the development of large-scale studies to further evaluate CBD as a potential new drug for the treatment of these psychiatric disorders.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Blackcurrant lowers sugar-induced postprandial glycaemia independently and in a product with ferment

Blackcurrant lowers sugar-induced postprandial glycaemia independently and in a product with fermented quinoa.

Berries rich in anthocyanins have beneficial effects on postprandial glycaemia .
We investigated whether blackcurrant ( 75 g in a portion ) independently and in a product with fermented quinoa induced similar effects on the sugar-induced postprandial glucose metabolism as observed before with 150 g of blackcurrant .
Twenty-six healthy subjects ( 22 females and 4 males ) consumed four test products after fasting overnight in a randomized , controlled crossover design .
Each test product portion contained 31 g of available carbohydrates and had similar composition of sugar components : 300 ml water with sucrose , glucose and fructose @ @ @ @ @ @ @ puree with added sugars ( BC ) , a product consisting of the blackcurrant puree and a product base with fermented quinoa ( BCP ) , and the product base without blackcurrant ( PB ) .
Blood samples were collected at 0 , 15 , 30 , 45 , 60 , 90 , 120 , and 180 min after eating each test product to analyze the concentrations of glucose , insulin , and free fatty acids ( FFA ) .
In comparison with the SW , the intake of both the BC and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ concentrations during the first 30 min , a more balanced decline during the first hour , and improved glycaemic profile .
The BCP induced more efficient effects than the BC due to the product base with fermented quinoa .
A rebound of FFA after the sugar-induced hypoglycaemic response was attenuated at the late postprandial phase by the BC and BCP .
In conclusion , we showed that 75 g of blackcurrant and the product with fermented quinoa were able to lower postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia .

Berries rich in anthocyanins have beneficial effects on postprandial glycaemia. We investigated whether blackcurrant (75 g in a portion) independently and in a product with fermented quinoa induced similar effects on the sugar-induced postprandial glucose metabolism as observed before with 150 g of blackcurrant. Twenty-six healthy subjects (22 females and 4 males) consumed four test products after fasting overnight in a randomized, controlled crossover design. Each test product portion contained 31 g of available carbohydrates and had similar composition of sugar components: 300 ml water with sucrose, glucose and fructose (SW; reference), blackcurrant puree with added sugars (BC), a product consisting of the blackcurrant puree and a product base with fermented quinoa (BCP), and the product base without blackcurrant (PB). Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after eating each test product to analyze the concentrations of glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFA). In comparison with the SW, the intake of both the BC and BCP resulted in reduced glucose and insulin concentrations during the first 30 min, a more balanced decline during the first hour, and improved glycaemic profile. The BCP induced more efficient effects than the BC due to the product base with fermented quinoa. A rebound of FFA after the sugar-induced hypoglycaemic response was attenuated at the late postprandial phase by the BC and BCP. In conclusion, we showed that 75 g of blackcurrant and the product with fermented quinoa were able to lower postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Antioxidant and cytoprotective effect of quinoa.

Quinoa is widely noted for its nutritional value .
The seed is the main edible part of the plant and @ @ @ @ @ different colors : white , red and black .
This study utilized a pressurized hot @ @ @ @ @ for the extraction of phytochemicals from quinoa .
Chemical fingerprints with LC/UV and LC/MS using @ @ @ @ @ recognition tools were used to evaluate the quinoa extracts .
The antioxidant properties for various @ @ @ @ @ using DPPH assay , ABTS assay and the cytoprotective effect of quinoa extracts were investigated @ @ @ @ @ Distinctive chemical profiles obtained from black and red quinoa were well correlated with the antioxidant @ @ @ @ @ The combination of PHWE , chemical standardization with LC/UV and LC/MS , pattern recognition tools @ @ @ @ @ approach for the evaluation and eventual production of quinoa extracts for functional food .

Quinoa is widely noted for its nutritional value. The seed is the main edible part of the plant and exists in at least three different colors: white, red and black. This study utilized a pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) for the extraction of phytochemicals from quinoa. Chemical fingerprints with LC/UV and LC/MS using a targeted approach and pattern recognition tools were used to evaluate the quinoa extracts. The antioxidant properties for various types of quinoa were evaluated using DPPH assay, ABTS assay and the cytoprotective effect of quinoa extracts were investigated in HMEC-1 cell line. Distinctive chemical profiles obtained from black and red quinoa were well correlated with the antioxidant activities and cytoprotective effects. The combination of PHWE, chemical standardization with LC/UV and LC/MS, pattern recognition tools and biological assay provided an approach for the evaluation and eventual production of quinoa extracts for functional food.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-25--Once Weekly Yoga Practice Clinically Shown to Reduce Anxiety

If current events are generating increased feelings of anxiety for you , research shows that yoga may be all you need to restore balance and calm to your life A study out of NYU Langone Health has found that yoga can be a useful adjunct therapy for individuals suffering from generalized anxiety disorder ( GAD ) .
GAD affects nearly 7 million adults each year , with women twice as likely to be affected as men .
[ i ] GAD is characterized by excessive worry and nervousness , as well as catastrophizing , the tendency to expect disastrous outcomes @ @ @ @ @ @ @ While everyone experiences worry and nervousness at times , GAD is diagnosed when a patient experiences a state of heightened anxiety for more than six months that is accompanied by three or more physiological symptoms such as poor digestion , hyperventilation , increased heart rate , strained concentration , weakness and troubled sleep .
[ ii ] Researchers from NYU Grossman School of Medicine sought alternatives to pharmaceutical treatments for GAD that would be complimentary to established care , safe and accessible for the masses .
They devised a study examining the effects @ @ @ @ @ @ @ as compared to the effects of educational interventions and cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) .
Results were published online in August 2020 , in the journal JAMA Psychiatry .
[ iii ] Study methods for this controlled , single-blind clinical trial involved recruiting adult men and women with diagnosed generalized anxiety disorder .
A final cohort of 226 patients were selected and randomly assigned into three groups : Each of the three groups attended weekly sessions in smaller groups of four to six participants each .
Each group session lasted two hours @ @ @ @ @ @ @ assigned .
The yoga group was instructed in Kundalini yoga , known as the mother yoga , as it is believed to be the root discipline from which all other yoga techniques are derived .
Kundalini yoga combines body movements , breathwork and sound or vibrational healing .
The primary outcome being measured was acute GAD response , assessed via scores on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale .
Scores were recorded at baseline and throughout the 12-week trial .
After the study was completed , researchers delivered the comprehensive data to trained independent @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the data-analysis by independent statisticians , researchers concluded that a once-weekly Kundalini practice had a notable positive improvement on symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder as compared to the control group .
With an improvement rate of 54.2 % in the yoga group and 33 % in the control group , the benefits of doing yoga just once per week versus receiving generalized education on how to manage stress was statistically significant .
[ iv ] CBT , the accepted standard for treating GAD , had an even greater statistical impact on anxiety @ @ @ @ @ @ @ % , CBT generated the highest level of symptom improvement , a rate that remained significantly better than stress education over the long-term follow-up period .
After six months of follow-up were concluded , yoga was no longer significantly better than stress education , however CBT continued to significantly improve anxiety symptoms in those individuals .
This innovative study suggests that a once-a-week yoga practice can lead to significant relaxation benefits for individuals dealing with unwelcome feelings of anxiety .
However , changing negative thought patterns related to stress has the highest likelihood @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with GAD .
According to lead study author Dr. Naomi M. Simon , a professor in the Department of Psychiatry at NYU Langone Health , yoga can be a safe alternative therapy that , thanks to the internet , is accessible to anyone at any time , from anywhere .
`` Our findings demonstrate that yoga , which is safe and widely available , can improve symptoms for some people with this disorder and could be a valuable tool in an overall treatment plan , '' she said in a news release .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ unlock the intrinsic mind-body connection in ways that are both mysterious and surprisingly effective at freeing the body from disease .
Studies on Kundalini yoga have shown demonstrable benefits for sufferers of mental health conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) , obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ) , [ vi ] Alzheimer 's disease [ vii ] and more .
One of Kundalini yoga 's many reported benefits is its ability to effectively rewire your brain by increasing blood flow to the parts responsible for feelings of joy , compassion and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ more about the ancient science of Kundalini yoga , consult the GreenMedInfo.com database for research abstracts on this powerful therapeutic modality .
[ iii ] Naomi M. Simon , Stefan G. Hofmann , David Rosenfield et al .
Efficacy of Yoga vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Stress Education for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder : A Randomized Clinical Trial .
JAMA Psychiatry , 2020 DOI : 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2496 https : //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32805013/ [ iv ] Naomi M. Simon , Stefan G. Hofmann , David Rosenfield et al .
Efficacy of Yoga vs Cognitive Behavioral @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of Generalized Anxiety Disorder : A Randomized Clinical Trial .
JAMA Psychiatry , 2020 DOI : 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2496 https : //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32805013/ [ vi ] David Shannahoff-Khalsa , Rodrigo Yacubian Fernandes , Carlos A de B Pereira , John S March , James F Leckman , Shahrokh Golshan , Mário S R Vieira , Guilherme V Polanczyk , Euripedes C Miguel , Roseli G Shavitt .
Kundalini Yoga Meditation Versus the Relaxation Response Meditation for Treating Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : A Randomized Clinical Trial .
Front Psychiatry .
2019 ; 10:793 .
Epub 2019 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ vii ] Kirti J Chhugani , Kashinath Metri , Natesh Babu , H R Nagendra .
Effects of Integrated Yoga Intervention on Psychopathologies and Sleep Quality Among Professional Caregivers of Older Adults with Alzheimer 's Disease : A Controlled Pilot Study .
Adv Mind Body Med .
2018 Summer ; 32 ( 3 ) :18-22 .
PMID : 31370033 https : //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31370033/

Visit our Re-post guidelines This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2020
If current events are generating increased feelings of anxiety for you, research shows that yoga may be all you need to restore balance and calm to your life
A study out of NYU Langone Health has found that yoga can be a useful adjunct therapy for individuals suffering from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). GAD affects nearly 7 million adults each year, with women twice as likely to be affected as men.[i] GAD is characterized by excessive worry and nervousness, as well as catastrophizing, the tendency to expect disastrous outcomes even when such fears are unwarranted.
While everyone experiences worry and nervousness at times, GAD is diagnosed when a patient experiences a state of heightened anxiety for more than six months that is accompanied by three or more physiological symptoms such as poor digestion, hyperventilation, increased heart rate, strained concentration, weakness and troubled sleep.[ii]
Researchers from NYU Grossman School of Medicine sought alternatives to pharmaceutical treatments for GAD that would be complimentary to established care, safe and accessible for the masses.
They devised a study examining the effects of yoga on symptoms of anxiety, as compared to the effects of educational interventions and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Results were published online in August 2020, in the journal JAMA Psychiatry.[iii]
Yoga's Significant Relaxation Effects
Study methods for this controlled, single-blind clinical trial involved recruiting adult men and women with diagnosed generalized anxiety disorder. A final cohort of 226 patients were selected and randomly assigned into three groups:
Control group, which employed standardized stress education
CBT group, receiving a mixed protocol of education, cognitive interventions and muscle relaxation techniques
Yoga group, consisting of physical postures, breathing techniques, relaxation exercises, yoga theory and mindfulness practice
Each of the three groups attended weekly sessions in smaller groups of four to six participants each. Each group session lasted two hours, with 20 minutes of daily homework assigned.
The yoga group was instructed in Kundalini yoga, known as the mother yoga, as it is believed to be the root discipline from which all other yoga techniques are derived. Kundalini yoga combines body movements, breathwork and sound or vibrational healing.
The primary outcome being measured was acute GAD response, assessed via scores on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale. Scores were recorded at baseline and throughout the 12-week trial. After the study was completed, researchers delivered the comprehensive data to trained independent raters to be analyzed.
Once-Weekly Yoga Reduces Symptoms of Anxiety Disorder
Upon completion of the data-analysis by independent statisticians, researchers concluded that a once-weekly Kundalini practice had a notable positive improvement on symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder as compared to the control group.
With an improvement rate of 54.2% in the yoga group and 33% in the control group, the benefits of doing yoga just once per week versus receiving generalized education on how to manage stress was statistically significant.[iv] CBT, the accepted standard for treating GAD, had an even greater statistical impact on anxiety.
With a response rate of 70.8%, CBT generated the highest level of symptom improvement, a rate that remained significantly better than stress education over the long-term follow-up period. After six months of follow-up were concluded, yoga was no longer significantly better than stress education, however CBT continued to significantly improve anxiety symptoms in those individuals.
This innovative study suggests that a once-a-week yoga practice can lead to significant relaxation benefits for individuals dealing with unwelcome feelings of anxiety. However, changing negative thought patterns related to stress has the highest likelihood of creating long-term positive effects on patients with GAD.
Kundalini Yoga: An Ancient Science With Modern Benefits
According to lead study author Dr. Naomi M. Simon, a professor in the Department of Psychiatry at NYU Langone Health, yoga can be a safe alternative therapy that, thanks to the internet, is accessible to anyone at any time, from anywhere.
"Our findings demonstrate that yoga, which is safe and widely available, can improve symptoms for some people with this disorder and could be a valuable tool in an overall treatment plan," she said in a news release.[v]
Engaging with yoga can unlock the intrinsic mind-body connection in ways that are both mysterious and surprisingly effective at freeing the body from disease. Studies on Kundalini yoga have shown demonstrable benefits for sufferers of mental health conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),[vi] Alzheimer's disease[vii] and more.
One of Kundalini yoga's many reported benefits is its ability to effectively rewire your brain by increasing blood flow to the parts responsible for feelings of joy, compassion and contentment.[viii] To learn more about the ancient science of Kundalini yoga, consult the GreenMedInfo.com database for research abstracts on this powerful therapeutic modality.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Hepatoprotective role of Hydrangea macrophylla against sodium arsenite-induced mitochondrial-depende

Hepatoprotective role of Hydrangea macrophylla against sodium arsenite-induced mitochondrial-dependent oxidative stress.

Sodium arsenite ( NaAsO₂ ) has been recognized as a worldwide health concern .
( HM ) is used as traditional Chinese medicine possessing antioxidant activities .
The study was performed to investigate the therapeutic role and underlying molecular mechanism of HM on NaAsO₂-induced toxicity in human liver cancer ( HepG2 ) cells and liver in mice .
The hepatoprotective role of HM in HepG2 cells was assessed by using 3- ( 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl ) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ( MTT ) , reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , and lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) assays .
Histopathology , lipid peroxidation , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ reaction ( qPCR ) and Western blot analyses were performed to determine the protective role of HM against NaAsO₂ intoxication in liver tissue .
In this study , we found that co-treatment with HM significantly attenuated the NaAsO₂-induced cell viability loss , intracellular ROS , and LDH release in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner .
Hepatic histopathology , lipid peroxidation , and the serum biochemical parameters alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) were notably improved by HM .
HM effectively downregulated the both gene and protein expression @ @ @ @ @ @ @ MAPK ) cascade .
Moreover , HM well-regulated the Bcl-2-associated X protein ( Bax ) /B-cell lymphoma-2 ( Bcl-2 ) ratio , remarkably suppressed the release of cytochrome , and blocked the expression of the post-apoptotic transcription factor caspase-3 .
Therefore , our study provides new insights into the hepatoprotective role of HM through its reduction in apoptosis , which likely involves in the modulation of MAPK/caspase-3 signaling pathways .

Sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂) has been recognized as a worldwide health concern.(HM) is used as traditional Chinese medicine possessing antioxidant activities. The study was performed to investigate the therapeutic role and underlying molecular mechanism of HM on NaAsO₂-induced toxicity in human liver cancer (HepG2) cells and liver in mice. The hepatoprotective role of HM in HepG2 cells was assessed by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Histopathology,lipid peroxidation, serum biochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analyses were performed to determine the protective role of HM against NaAsO₂ intoxication in liver tissue. In this study, we found that co-treatment with HM significantly attenuated the NaAsO₂-induced cell viability loss, intracellular ROS, and LDH release in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic histopathology, lipid peroxidation, and the serum biochemical parameters alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were notably improved by HM. HM effectively downregulated the both gene and protein expression level of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Moreover, HM well-regulated the Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) ratio, remarkably suppressed the release of cytochrome, and blocked the expression of the post-apoptotic transcription factor caspase-3. Therefore, our study provides new insights into the hepatoprotective role of HM through its reduction in apoptosis, which likely involves in the modulation of MAPK/caspase-3 signaling pathways.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Total coumarins from Hydrangea paniculata show renal protective effects in lipopolysaccharide-induce

Total coumarins from Hydrangea paniculata show renal protective effects in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury.

Septic acute kidney injury ( AKI ) causes high mortality in critical care units , and no effective therapy exists in clinical treatment .
In the current study , water and ethanol extracts of ( HP ) , a traditional Chinese medicinal plant , were used to test its renoprotective effects in a lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) -induced murine model of septic AKI.C57BL/6 mice were orally pretreated with HP three times , and then intraperitoneal LPS injection was used to induce septic AKI .
Blood from animals was collected for biochemical analysis and kidneys were obtained for pathological analysis .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ the effect of HP on inflammation and oxidative stress .
Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate tubular cell apoptosis .
Flow cytometry was conducted to analyze leukocyte infiltration into the kidneys .
Blood cell counts were used to analyze changes in peripheral leukocytes.studies with Ana1 and HK-2 cells stimulated by LPS were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and inhibition of signaling pathways by HP.HP significantly decreased blood urea nitrogen and plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations , as well as tubulointerstitium injuries in septic AKI mice .
Moreover , HP administration improved animal survival @ @ @ @ @ @ @ apoptosis of tubular cells by inhibiting the cleavage of caspase 3 and caspase 7 .
HP also showed pronounced antioxidant activity in AKI kidneys .
HP showed anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into kidney tissues induced by LPS , as well as inhibiting the production of cytokines and chemokines .
Possible molecular mechanisms included HP inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-induced macrophages and tubular cells , and reduction of STAT3 , STAT1 , and ERK1/2 phosphorylation stimulated by LPS .
Single acute toxicity tests confirmed that HP @ @ @ @ @ @ @ does not cause animal death .
Pharmacokinetics also showed that coumarins from HP could be metabolized into two bioactive compounds , umbelliferone , and esculetin.HP extract may protect renal function in LPS-induced AKI by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities , and has potential in the critical care of AKI .

Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) causes high mortality in critical care units, and no effective therapy exists in clinical treatment. In the current study, water and ethanol extracts of(HP), a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, were used to test its renoprotective effects in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine model of septic AKI.C57BL/6 mice were orally pretreated with HP three times, and then intraperitoneal LPS injection was used to induce septic AKI. Blood from animals was collected for biochemical analysis and kidneys were obtained for pathological analysis. Kidney tissue homogenates were used to investigate the effect of HP on inflammation and oxidative stress. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate tubular cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry was conducted to analyze leukocyte infiltration into the kidneys. Blood cell counts were used to analyze changes in peripheral leukocytes.studies with Ana1 and HK-2 cells stimulated by LPS were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and inhibition of signaling pathways by HP.HP significantly decreased blood urea nitrogen and plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations, as well as tubulointerstitium injuries in septic AKI mice. Moreover, HP administration improved animal survival following lethal LPS injections. HP ameliorated apoptosis of tubular cells by inhibiting the cleavage of caspase 3 and caspase 7. HP also showed pronounced antioxidant activity in AKI kidneys. HP showed anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into kidney tissues induced by LPS, as well as inhibiting the production of cytokines and chemokines. Possible molecular mechanisms included HP inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-induced macrophages and tubular cells, and reduction of STAT3, STAT1, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation stimulated by LPS. Single acute toxicity tests confirmed that HP, even at 5 g/kg dosage, does not cause animal death. Pharmacokinetics also showed that coumarins from HP could be metabolized into two bioactive compounds, umbelliferone, and esculetin.HP extract may protect renal function in LPS-induced AKI by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and has potential in the critical care of AKI.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Hydrangenol is a promising therapeutic agent for treatment of LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases.

We previously demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of water extract of Hydrangea macrophylla in lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) -stimulated macrophage cells .
Here , we investigated whether hydrangenol , a bioactive component of H. macrophylla , attenuates the expression of nitric oxide ( NO ) and its associated gene , inducible NO synthase ( iNOS ) , in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells .
Our data showed that low dosages of hydrangenol inhibited LPS-stimulated NO release and iNOS expression without any accompanying cytotoxicity .
Hydrangenol also suppressed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB ( NF-κB ) subunits , consequently inhibiting DNA-binding activity @ @ @ @ @ @ @ inhibitors , pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ( PDTC ) and PS-1145 , significantly attenuated LPS-induced iNOS expression , indicating that hydrangenol-induced NF-κB inhibition might be a key regulator ofiNOS expression .
Furthermore , our data showed that hydrangenol suppresses NO production by inducing heme oxygenase-1 ( HO-1 ) .
The presence of cobalt protoporphyrin , a specific HO-1 inducer , potently suppressed LPS-induced NO production .
Hydrangenol also promoted nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) and subsequently increased its binding activity at the specific antioxidant response element sites .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ downregulated hydrangenol-induced HO-1 expression , indicating that hydrangenol-induced Nrf2 is an upstreamregulator of HO-1 .
Taken together , these data suggest that hydrangenol attenuates NO production and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by inhibiting NF-κB activation and by stimulating the Nrf2-mediated HO-1 signaling pathway .
Therefore , hydrangenol is a promising therapeutic agent for treatment of LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases .

We previously demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of water extract of Hydrangea macrophylla in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells. Here, we investigated whether hydrangenol, a bioactive component of H. macrophylla, attenuates the expression of nitric oxide (NO) and its associated gene, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Our data showed that low dosages of hydrangenol inhibited LPS-stimulated NO release and iNOS expression without any accompanying cytotoxicity. Hydrangenol also suppressed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) subunits, consequently inhibiting DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. Additionally, the NF-κB inhibitors, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and PS-1145, significantly attenuated LPS-induced iNOS expression, indicating that hydrangenol-induced NF-κB inhibition might be a key regulator ofiNOS expression. Furthermore, our data showed that hydrangenol suppresses NO production by inducing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The presence of cobalt protoporphyrin, a specific HO-1 inducer, potently suppressed LPS-induced NO production. Hydrangenol also promoted nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and subsequently increased its binding activity at the specific antioxidant response element sites. Additionally, transient knockdown of Nrf2 significantly downregulated hydrangenol-induced HO-1 expression, indicating that hydrangenol-induced Nrf2 is an upstreamregulator of HO-1. Taken together, these data suggest that hydrangenol attenuates NO production and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by inhibiting NF-κB activation and by stimulating the Nrf2-mediated HO-1 signaling pathway. Therefore, hydrangenol is a promising therapeutic agent for treatment of LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Hydrangenol suppresses VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis.

We previously reported that hydrangenol has potent antitumor activity against human bladder cancer EJ cells .
Here , we investigated the antiangiogenic activity of hydrangenol usingandmodels .
Treatment with hydrangenol significantly inhibited the proliferation of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) -induced HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner ( EC= 10 μM ) .
Flow cytometry analysis revealed that hydrangenol suppressed the VEGF-induced inhibition of G1-cell cycle phase and also decreased cyclin D1 , cyclin E , CDK2 , and CDK4 levels .
Hydrangenol-mediated arrest in the G1-cell cycle phase was associated with p27KIP1 level , but not p21WAF1 or @ @ @ @ @ @ @ VEGFR-2-mediated signaling pathways including ERK1/2 , AKT , and endothelial nitric oxide synthase .
Interestingly , immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the inhibition of VEGFR-2 activation was independent of VEGF binding , thereby suggesting an allosteric regulation of hydrangenol against VEGFR-2 .
Additionally , hydrangenol inhibited migration , invasion , and capillary-like tubular formation in VEGF-stimulated HUVECs .
Zymography and immunoblot analyses revealed that these inhibitory activities were partially owing to the VEGF-induced inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity .
Finally , VEGF-mediated microvessel sprouting was inhibited in the presence of hydrangenol inaortic ring assay @ @ @ @ @ @ @ potent antiangiogenesis potential ; thus we believe that hydrangenol may be developed as a therapeutic reagent to treat angiogenesis-mediated diseases .

We previously reported that hydrangenol has potent antitumor activity against human bladder cancer EJ cells. Here, we investigated the antiangiogenic activity of hydrangenol usingandmodels. Treatment with hydrangenol significantly inhibited the proliferation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner (EC= 10 μM). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that hydrangenol suppressed the VEGF-induced inhibition of G1-cell cycle phase and also decreased cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, and CDK4 levels. Hydrangenol-mediated arrest in the G1-cell cycle phase was associated with p27KIP1 level, but not p21WAF1 or p53 level. Hydrangenol also significantly inhibited VEGFR-2-mediated signaling pathways including ERK1/2, AKT, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Interestingly, immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the inhibition of VEGFR-2 activation was independent of VEGF binding, thereby suggesting an allosteric regulation of hydrangenol against VEGFR-2. Additionally, hydrangenol inhibited migration, invasion, and capillary-like tubular formation in VEGF-stimulated HUVECs. Zymography and immunoblot analyses revealed that these inhibitory activities were partially owing to the VEGF-induced inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity. Finally, VEGF-mediated microvessel sprouting was inhibited in the presence of hydrangenol inaortic ring assay. Taken together, hydrangenol possesses a potent antiangiogenesis potential; thus we believe that hydrangenol may be developed as a therapeutic reagent to treat angiogenesis-mediated diseases.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Hydrangenol inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EJ bladder cancer cells.

Hydrangenol is a dihydroisocoumarin that is mainly obtained from .
Recently , hydrangenol has garnered attention since several studies have reported that it has anti-inflammatory , anti-allergic , anti-diabetic , and anti-malarial activities .
However , there have been few studies on the effect of hydrangenol on oncogenesis .
In this study , we evaluated the anti-cancer activity of hydrangenol against the EJ bladder cancer cell line .
Hydrangenol significantly inhibited the proliferation of EJ cells in a dose-dependent manner with an ICof 100µM .
Flow cytometry and immunoblotting experiments indicated that EJ cells were arrested in the G1-phase of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of CDK2 , CDK4 , cyclin D1 , and cyclin E mediated via the upregulation of p21 .
Hydrangenol increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK without affecting the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK .
In addition , hydrangenol significantly inhibited the migratory and invasive activities of EJ cells by suppressing the enzymatic activity of MMP-9 .
Electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggested that the inhibition of MMP-9 activity by hydrangenol was attributable to its suppression of the Sp-1 transcription factor binding activity .
This study is the first report on the mode of action @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cancer .
We believe that these results provide novel insights that could aid the development of hydrangenol-based chemotherapeutic agents .

Hydrangenol is a dihydroisocoumarin that is mainly obtained from. Recently, hydrangenol has garnered attention since several studies have reported that it has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-diabetic, and anti-malarial activities. However, there have been few studies on the effect of hydrangenol on oncogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cancer activity of hydrangenol against the EJ bladder cancer cell line. Hydrangenol significantly inhibited the proliferation of EJ cells in a dose-dependent manner with an ICof 100µM. Flow cytometry and immunoblotting experiments indicated that EJ cells were arrested in the G1-phase of the cell cycle and showed reduced expression of CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1, and cyclin E mediated via the upregulation of p21. Hydrangenol increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK without affecting the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. In addition, hydrangenol significantly inhibited the migratory and invasive activities of EJ cells by suppressing the enzymatic activity of MMP-9. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggested that the inhibition of MMP-9 activity by hydrangenol was attributable to its suppression of the Sp-1 transcription factor binding activity. This study is the first report on the mode of action of hydrangenol as an inhibitor of bladder cancer. We believe that these results provide novel insights that could aid the development of hydrangenol-based chemotherapeutic agents.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Antiprotozoal isoprenoids from Salvia hydrangea.

Fractionation of the n-hexane extract of Salvia hydrangea afforded seven isoprenoids including six new compounds ( 1-6 ) and salvadione @ @ @ @ @ Their structures were established by comprehensive spectroscopic and spectrometric data analysis ( 1D and 2D @ @ @ @ @ The absolute configuration of salvadione A ( 7 ) was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction @ @ @ @ @ In addition , the absolute configuration of all compounds was determined by electronic circular dichroism @ @ @ @ @ for the formation of the scaffold of 1 is proposed .
The antiprotozoal activity of @ @ @ @ @ rhodesiense , Trypanosoma cruzi , Leishmania donovani , and Plasmodium falciparum was determined , and @ @ @ @ @ myoblast L6 cells .
Perovskone C ( 2 ) exhibited good activity against P. falciparum @ @ @ @ @ selectivity index of 62.2 .

Fractionation of the n-hexane extract of Salvia hydrangea afforded seven isoprenoids including six new compounds (1-6) and salvadione A (7). Their structures were established by comprehensive spectroscopic and spectrometric data analysis (1D and 2D NMR, HRMS). The absolute configuration of salvadione A (7) was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis with Cu/Kα radiation. In addition, the absolute configuration of all compounds was determined by electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. A biosynthetic pathway for the formation of the scaffold of 1 is proposed. The antiprotozoal activity of the compounds against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum was determined, and cytotoxicity was assessed in rat myoblast L6 cells. Perovskone C (2) exhibited good activity against P. falciparum (IC0.6μM) and a selectivity index of 62.2.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Hydrangea serrata extract attenuate UVB-induced photoaging.

Skin photoaging is mainly caused by exposure to ultraviolet ( UV ) light , which increases expressions of matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) and destroys collagen fibers , consequently inducing wrinkle formation .
Nutritional factors have received scientific attention for use as agents for normal skin functions .
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hot water extracts from the leaves of ( Thunb . )
Ser .
( WHS ) against ultraviolet B ( UVB ) -induced skin photoaging and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms in human foreskin fibroblasts ( Hs68 ) and HR-1 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ viability and ameliorated oxidative stress by inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) generation in Hs68 cells .
WHS rescued UVB-induced collagen degradation by suppressing MMP expression , and reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines .
These anti-photoaging activities of WHS were associated with inhibition of the activator protein 1 ( AP-1 ) , signal transduction and activation of transcription 1 ( STAT1 ) , and mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) signaling pathways .
Oral administration of WHS effectively alleviated dorsal skin from wrinkle formation , epidermal thickening , collagen @ @ @ @ @ @ @ hairless mice exposed to UVB .
Notably , WHS suppressed UVB activation of the AP-1 and MAPK signaling pathways in dorsal mouse skin tissues .
Taken together , our data indicate that WHS prevents UVB-induced skin damage due to collagen degradation and MMP activation via inactivation of MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway .

Skin photoaging is mainly caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, which increases expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and destroys collagen fibers, consequently inducing wrinkle formation. Nutritional factors have received scientific attention for use as agents for normal skin functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hot water extracts from the leaves of(Thunb.) Ser. (WHS) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin photoaging and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms in human foreskin fibroblasts (Hs68) and HR-1 hairless mice. WHS recovered UVB-reduced cell viability and ameliorated oxidative stress by inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in Hs68 cells. WHS rescued UVB-induced collagen degradation by suppressing MMP expression, and reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines. These anti-photoaging activities of WHS were associated with inhibition of the activator protein 1 (AP-1), signal transduction and activation of transcription 1 (STAT1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Oral administration of WHS effectively alleviated dorsal skin from wrinkle formation, epidermal thickening, collagen degradation, and skin dehydration in HR-1 hairless mice exposed to UVB. Notably, WHS suppressed UVB activation of the AP-1 and MAPK signaling pathways in dorsal mouse skin tissues. Taken together, our data indicate that WHS prevents UVB-induced skin damage due to collagen degradation and MMP activation via inactivation of MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Coumarin glycosides from Hydrangea paniculata slow down the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

BACKGROUND : Water extract of Hydrangea paniculata ( HP ) stem , rich in coumarin glycosides , has been demonstrated to have renal protective effect in several experimental kidney injury animal models .
Currently , it is under pre-clinical development as a class 5 herbal drug against membranous nephropathy .
However , whether it also benefits diabetic nephropathy ( DN ) is not clear .
PURPOSE : This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of HP on streptozotocin-induced experimental DN , and further understand its molecular mechanisms .
METHODS : In the present study , type 1 diabetes @ @ @ @ @ @ @ injection of streptozotocin .
HP was orally administered every day for three months .
Biochemical analysis and histopathological staining were conducted to evaluate the renal functions .
In vivo pharmacokinetic study was conducted to analyse the metabolites of HP with high blood drug concentration .
In vitro assay using these metabolites was performed to analyse their ability to reduce reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production induced under high glucose ( HG ) condition by flow cytometry .
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was conducted to analyse the mRNA level of nuclear factor ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) and IL6 and western blot was performed to analyse the phosphorylation status of smad 2/3 in HK2 cells under TGFβ1 stimulation .
RESULTS : The treatment with HP significantly reduced the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine content , and urine albumin excretion in diabetic rats , and increased the creatinine clearance rate .
Periodic acid-schiff and methenamine staining and immunohistochemistry revealed that HP also ameliorated glomerulosclerosis and tubular vacuolar degeneration , as well as the deposition of fibronectin and collagen IV in the glomeruli .
Pharmacokinetic study results revealed that the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ into umbelliferone and esculetin .
By in vitro assay , umbelliferone and esculetin were found to significantly decrease ROS production induced by HG content , as well as increase the mRNA level of Nrf2 .
HP and its metabolites also can down-regulate fibronectin secretion in HK2 cells stimulated by TGFβ1 and inhibit smad2/3 phosphorylation .
CONCLUSION : HP has beneficial effect on DN by increasing Nrf2 expression and inhibiting TGF-smad signal activation .
Further , it can be a novel herbal drug against DN .

BACKGROUND: Water extract of Hydrangea paniculata (HP) stem, rich in coumarin glycosides, has been demonstrated to have renal protective effect in several experimental kidney injury animal models. Currently, it is under pre-clinical development as a class 5 herbal drug against membranous nephropathy. However, whether it also benefits diabetic nephropathy (DN) is not clear.
PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of HP on streptozotocin-induced experimental DN, and further understand its molecular mechanisms.
METHODS: In the present study, type 1 diabetes rat model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. HP was orally administered every day for three months. Biochemical analysis and histopathological staining were conducted to evaluate the renal functions. In vivo pharmacokinetic study was conducted to analyse the metabolites of HP with high blood drug concentration. In vitro assay using these metabolites was performed to analyse their ability to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced under high glucose (HG) condition by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was conducted to analyse the mRNA level of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and IL6 and western blot was performed to analyse the phosphorylation status of smad 2/3 in HK2 cells under TGFβ1 stimulation.
RESULTS: The treatment with HP significantly reduced the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine content, and urine albumin excretion in diabetic rats, and increased the creatinine clearance rate. Periodic acid-schiff and methenamine staining and immunohistochemistry revealed that HP also ameliorated glomerulosclerosis and tubular vacuolar degeneration, as well as the deposition of fibronectin and collagen IV in the glomeruli. Pharmacokinetic study results revealed that the major coumarin compounds from HP were metabolised into umbelliferone and esculetin. By in vitro assay, umbelliferone and esculetin were found to significantly decrease ROS production induced by HG content, as well as increase the mRNA level of Nrf2. HP and its metabolites also can down-regulate fibronectin secretion in HK2 cells stimulated by TGFβ1 and inhibit smad2/3 phosphorylation.
CONCLUSION: HP has beneficial effect on DN by increasing Nrf2 expression and inhibiting TGF-smad signal activation. Further, it can be a novel herbal drug against DN.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--H. serrata enhances exercise endurance by upregulating PPARδ and downregulating TGF-β, myostatin, an

SCOPE : Skeletal muscle mass and quality can be negatively affected by aging , inactivity , and disease , while a loss of muscle mass is associated with chronic disease status , falls , and mortality .
We investigate the effects of Hydrangea serrata on skeletal muscle mass and function , along with the underlying mechanisms .
METHODS AND RESULTS : H. serrata , identified through MyoD transcription activity screening , increases myogenic differentiation via Akt and p38 .
C57BL/6 mice are fed a 0.25 % or 0.5 % H. serrata diet for 8 weeks .
H. serrata increased treadmill @ @ @ @ @ @ @ well as skeletal muscle mass .
H. serrata promotes the expression of myosin heavy chain 1 ( MHC1 ) and MHC2A but not MHC2B .
H. serrata also upregulates the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorδ ( PPARδ ) and mitochondrial complexes , and enhances citrate synthase and mitochondrial complex І activity .
Transforming growth factor-β ( TGF-β ) , myostatin , and growth differentiation factor 11 ( GDF11 ) are attenuated by H. serrata , together with associated downstream signaling factors includingphospho-Smad3 and NADPH oxidase 4 ( NOX4 ) .
CONCLUSION : @ @ @ @ @ @ @ PPARδ and downregulating TGF-β , myostatin , and GDF11 .
H. serrata is a potential candidate for the development of functional food to maintain skeletal muscle mass and function .

SCOPE: Skeletal muscle mass and quality can be negatively affected by aging, inactivity, and disease, while a loss of muscle mass is associated with chronic disease status, falls, and mortality. We investigate the effects of Hydrangea serrata on skeletal muscle mass and function, along with the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS AND RESULTS: H. serrata, identified through MyoD transcription activity screening, increases myogenic differentiation via Akt and p38. C57BL/6 mice are fed a 0.25% or 0.5% H. serrata diet for 8 weeks. H. serrata increased treadmill running distance and maximum speed, as well as skeletal muscle mass. H. serrata promotes the expression of myosin heavy chain 1 (MHC1) and MHC2A but not MHC2B. H. serrata also upregulates the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorδ (PPARδ) and mitochondrial complexes, and enhances citrate synthase and mitochondrial complex І activity. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), myostatin, and growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) are attenuated by H. serrata, together with associated downstream signaling factors includingphospho-Smad3 and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4).
CONCLUSION: H. serrata enhances exercise endurance by upregulating PPARδ and downregulating TGF-β, myostatin, and GDF11. H. serrata is a potential candidate for the development of functional food to maintain skeletal muscle mass and function.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Hot water extract of Hydrangea serrata leaves could be used as a health supplement for skin anti-agi

Hot water extract of Hydrangea serrata leaves could be used as a health supplement for skin anti-aging.

Previously , we reported that the hot water extract ofleaves ( WHS ) and its active component , hydrangenol , possess in vitro and in vivo effects on skin wrinkles and moisturization .
We conducted a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial to clinically evaluate the effect of WHS on human skin .
Participants ( = 151 ) were randomly assigned to receive either WHS 300 mg , WHS 600 mg , or placebo , once daily for 12 weeks .
Skin wrinkle , hydration , elasticity , texture , and roughness parameters were assessed at baseline and after 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Compared to the placebo , skin wrinkles were significantly reduced in both WHS groups after 8 and 12 weeks .
In both WHS groups , five parameters ( R1-R5 ) of skin wrinkles significantly improved and skin hydration was significantly enhanced when compared to the placebo group after 12 weeks .
Compared with the placebo , three parameters of skin elasticity , including overall elasticity ( R2 ) , net elasticity ( R5 ) , and ratio of elastic recovery to total deformation ( R7 ) , improved after 12 weeks of oral @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Changes in skin texture and roughness were significantly reduced in both WHS groups .
No WHS-related adverse reactions were reported .
Hence , WHS could be used as a health supplement for skin anti-aging .

Previously, we reported that the hot water extract ofleaves (WHS) and its active component, hydrangenol, possess in vitro and in vivo effects on skin wrinkles and moisturization. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to clinically evaluate the effect of WHS on human skin. Participants (= 151) were randomly assigned to receive either WHS 300 mg, WHS 600 mg, or placebo, once daily for 12 weeks. Skin wrinkle, hydration, elasticity, texture, and roughness parameters were assessed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Compared to the placebo, skin wrinkles were significantly reduced in both WHS groups after 8 and 12 weeks. In both WHS groups, five parameters (R1-R5) of skin wrinkles significantly improved and skin hydration was significantly enhanced when compared to the placebo group after 12 weeks. Compared with the placebo, three parameters of skin elasticity, including overall elasticity (R2), net elasticity (R5), and ratio of elastic recovery to total deformation (R7), improved after 12 weeks of oral WHS (600 mg) administration. Changes in skin texture and roughness were significantly reduced in both WHS groups. No WHS-related adverse reactions were reported. Hence, WHS could be used as a health supplement for skin anti-aging.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--R. ribes syrup can be recommended as a complementary treatment for children with Shigella dysentery.

BACKGROUND : Rheum ribes L. is a plant native to China , Iran , Turkey , India , and a few other countries .
Antidiarrheal activity is considered to be one of its important properties according to various systems of traditional medicine .
An increasing rate of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has led to treatment failure in some cases of shigellosis in children , and underlines a need for safe , efficient and valid options .
OBJECTIVE : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of R. ribes syrup as a complementary medicine for treatment of shigellosis @ @ @ @ @ @ @ PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS : This randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial started with a group of 150 children aged between 12-72 months with suspected Shigella dysentery .
R. ribes syrup or placebo syrup was administered to the intervention and control groups , respectively for 5 days .
In addition , the standard antibiotic treatment ( ceftriaxone for the first 3 days and cefixime syrup for 2 further days ) was administered to both groups .
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Body temperature , abdominal pain , need for antipyretics , defecation frequency , stool @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were recorded as outcome measures .
Any observed adverse effects were also recorded .
RESULTS : Mean duration of fever and diarrhea in the R. ribes group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group ( P = 0.016 and 0.001 , respectively ) .
In addition , patients in the R. ribes group showed shorter duration of need for antipyretics and shorter duration of abdominal pain ( P = 0.012 and 0.001 , respectively ) .
However , there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the microscopic stool @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was reported .
CONCLUSION : R. ribes syrup can be recommended as a complementary treatment for children with Shigella dysentery .

BACKGROUND: Rheum ribes L. is a plant native to China, Iran, Turkey, India, and a few other countries. Antidiarrheal activity is considered to be one of its important properties according to various systems of traditional medicine. An increasing rate of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has led to treatment failure in some cases of shigellosis in children, and underlines a need for safe, efficient and valid options.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of R. ribes syrup as a complementary medicine for treatment of shigellosis in children.
DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial started with a group of 150 children aged between 12-72 months with suspected Shigella dysentery. R. ribes syrup or placebo syrup was administered to the intervention and control groups, respectively for 5 days. In addition, the standard antibiotic treatment (ceftriaxone for the first 3 days and cefixime syrup for 2 further days) was administered to both groups.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body temperature, abdominal pain, need for antipyretics, defecation frequency, stool volume and consistency and microscopic stool examination were recorded as outcome measures. Any observed adverse effects were also recorded.
RESULTS: Mean duration of fever and diarrhea in the R. ribes group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group (P = 0.016 and 0.001, respectively). In addition, patients in the R. ribes group showed shorter duration of need for antipyretics and shorter duration of abdominal pain (P = 0.012 and 0.001, respectively). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the microscopic stool analyses. Furthermore, no adverse effect was reported.
CONCLUSION: R. ribes syrup can be recommended as a complementary treatment for children with Shigella dysentery.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial: IRCT2014070518356N1.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Combination of Rheum ribes and metformin against diabetes, thermal hyperalgesia, and tactile allodyn

Combination of Rheum ribes and metformin against diabetes, thermal hyperalgesia, and tactile allodynia.

Context : The prevalence of diabetes mellitus ( DM ) is increasing .
Because of its progressive nature , therapeutic shifts and combinations are often required to reduce the risk of glucose toxicity and avoid serious side effects .
To treat DM and its related complications , a combination therapy may offer a promising remedy to counteract those issues .
Objectives : The study was established to evaluate the phytochemical content of a standardized aqueous extract of Rheum ribes ( RR ) and to determine the antidiabetic , antihyperalgesic , and antimechanical allodynic effects of 50 mg/kg of RR alone @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) alone , and a combination of the 2 substances ( MTF+RR ) in mice with alloxan-induced diabetes .
Setting : The study was performed at the facilities of the faculty of pharmacy at Beirut Arab University ( Beirut , Lebanon ) .
Animals : The animals were male , Swiss-Webster mice , weighing 22-30 g and aged 12-16 wk .
Intervention : DM was induced in experimental animals by an IP injection of alloxan every 48 h for 3 injections at a total dose of 180 mg/kg .
Substudy A measured the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 6 h-and subchronic-1 , 3 , 5 , and 8 d-effects of a water extract of the RR alone , of the MTF alone , and of the MTF+RR combination on blood-glucose levels ( BGLs ) , body weights , and catalase ( CAT ) serum levels .
The mice were divided into 6 groups of 7 mice each , and each group received various IP injections of the tested samples : ( 1 ) group 1 , a vehicle control group of normal mice ( NORM group ) received sterile , cold @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) group 2 , a vehicle control group of diabetic mice ( VEH group ) received sterile , cold , 0.9 % saline ; ( 3 ) group 3 , a positive control group of diabetic mice ( GB group ) received 5 mg/kg of glibenclamide ; ( 4 ) group 4 , an intervention group of diabetic mice ( MTF group ) received 25 mg/kg of MTF only ; ( 5 ) group 5 , an intervention group of diabetic mice ( RR group ) received 50 mg/kg of RR only ; @ @ @ @ @ @ @ an intervention group ( MTF+RR group ) of diabetic mice received 25 mg/kg of MTF and 50 mg/kg of RR .
Substudy B measured the subchronic-0 , 2 , 4 , 6 , and 8 wk-effects of the RR only , of the MTF only , and of the MTF+RR combination on the hot plate and tail flick latencies and on the von Frey paw withdrawal thresholds .
Again , they were divided into 6 groups of 7 mice each ( groups 7 through 12 ) , and each group received various IP @ @ @ @ @ @ @ all of the groups receiving the same treatments as for substudy A , except that group 9 , a positive control group of diabetic mice , received 10 mg/kg of tramadol .
Outcome Measures : The BGLs of the mice were monitored acutely for 6 h and subchronically for 8 d. Glycated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) , inhibition ofα-glucosidase , and effects on serum insulin were evaluated .
Using tail flick , hot plate latencies , and von Frey paw withdrawal thresholds , thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia were assessed .
Using a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was used to evaluate CAT and lipid peroxide ( LPO ) levels .
Results : The reductions in blood glucose , HbA1c , α-glucosidase , and LPO were statistically significant for the MTF+RR .
The body weight , serum insulin , tail flick , hot plate latencies , paw withdrawal thresholds , and CAT increased significantly in diabetic mice treated with the combination .
Consequently , the combination 's potent inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and serum insulin elevation might be responsible for its hypoglycemic potential , whereas its antioxidant effects might be responsible @ @ @ @ @ @ @ allodynia , suggesting that the combination has better antidiabetic and antinociceptive effects and fewer side effects than treatment with MTF alone .
No adverse events were reported .
Conclusion : When combined with MTF , RR might be a promising adjuvant for amelioration of DM and related nociceptive complications .

Context: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing. Because of its progressive nature, therapeutic shifts and combinations are often required to reduce the risk of glucose toxicity and avoid serious side effects. To treat DM and its related complications, a combination therapy may offer a promising remedy to counteract those issues.
Objectives: The study was established to evaluate the phytochemical content of a standardized aqueous extract of Rheum ribes (RR) and to determine the antidiabetic, antihyperalgesic, and antimechanical allodynic effects of 50 mg/kg of RR alone, 25 mg/kg of metformin (MTF) alone, and a combination of the 2 substances (MTF+RR) in mice with alloxan-induced diabetes.
Design: The research team designed an animal study.
Setting: The study was performed at the facilities of the faculty of pharmacy at Beirut Arab University (Beirut, Lebanon).
Animals: The animals were male, Swiss-Webster mice, weighing 22-30 g and aged 12-16 wk.
Intervention: DM was induced in experimental animals by an IP injection of alloxan every 48 h for 3 injections at a total dose of 180 mg/kg. Substudy A measured the acute-0, 0.5, 2, and 6 h-and subchronic-1, 3, 5, and 8 d-effects of a water extract of the RR alone, of the MTF alone, and of the MTF+RR combination on blood-glucose levels (BGLs), body weights, and catalase (CAT) serum levels. The mice were divided into 6 groups of 7 mice each, and each group received various IP injections of the tested samples: (1) group 1, a vehicle control group of normal mice (NORM group) received sterile, cold, 0.9% saline; (2) group 2, a vehicle control group of diabetic mice (VEH group) received sterile, cold, 0.9% saline; (3) group 3, a positive control group of diabetic mice (GB group) received 5 mg/kg of glibenclamide; (4) group 4, an intervention group of diabetic mice (MTF group) received 25 mg/kg of MTF only; (5) group 5, an intervention group of diabetic mice (RR group) received 50 mg/kg of RR only; and (6) group 6, an intervention group (MTF+RR group) of diabetic mice received 25 mg/kg of MTF and 50 mg/kg of RR. Substudy B measured the subchronic-0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk-effects of the RR only, of the MTF only, and of the MTF+RR combination on the hot plate and tail flick latencies and on the von Frey paw withdrawal thresholds. Again, they were divided into 6 groups of 7 mice each (groups 7 through 12), and each group received various IP injections of the tested samples, with all of the groups receiving the same treatments as for substudy A, except that group 9, a positive control group of diabetic mice, received 10 mg/kg of tramadol.
Outcome Measures: The BGLs of the mice were monitored acutely for 6 h and subchronically for 8 d. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), inhibition ofα-glucosidase, and effects on serum insulin were evaluated. Using tail flick, hot plate latencies, and von Frey paw withdrawal thresholds, thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia were assessed. Using a natural antioxidant, in vivo antioxidant activity was used to evaluate CAT and lipid peroxide(LPO) levels.
Results: The reductions in blood glucose, HbA1c,α-glucosidase, and LPO were statistically significant for the MTF+RR. The body weight, serum insulin, tail flick, hot plate latencies, paw withdrawal thresholds, and CAT increased significantly in diabetic mice treated with the combination. Consequently, the combination's potent inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and serum insulin elevation might be responsible for its hypoglycemic potential, whereas its antioxidant effects might be responsible for the amelioration of painful hyperalgesia and allodynia, suggesting that the combination has better antidiabetic and antinociceptive effects and fewer side effects than treatment with MTF alone. No adverse events were reported.
Conclusion: When combined with MTF, RR might be a promising adjuvant for amelioration of DM and related nociceptive complications.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Anti-obesity effects of a Prunus persica and Nelumbo nucifera mixture in mice fed a high-fat diet.

andare major crops cultivated worldwide .
In East Asia , bothflowers andleaves are traditionally used for therapeutic purposes and consumed as teas for weight loss .
Herein , we investigated the anti-obesity effects of an herbal extract mixture ofand ( HT077 ) and the underlying mechanism using a high-fat diet ( HFD ) -induced obesity model .
Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet , HFD , HFD containing 0.02 % orlistat ( positive control ) , or HFD containing 0.1 , 0.2 , or 0.4 % HT077 for 12 weeks .
HT077 significantly reduced final body weights , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ liver weights , and hepatic levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol .
HT077 also lowered glucose , cholesterol , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) , and leptin levels and increased AST/ALT and adiponectin/leptin ratios and adiponectin levels .
Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that HT077 decreased the expression of lipogenic genes and increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes in adipose tissue .
Our results indicate that HT077 exerts anti-obesity effects and prevents the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders .
These beneficial effects might be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ regulating lipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue .

andare major crops cultivated worldwide. In East Asia, bothflowers andleaves are traditionally used for therapeutic purposes and consumed as teas for weight loss. Herein, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of an herbal extract mixture ofand(HT077) and the underlying mechanism using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet, HFD, HFD containing 0.02% orlistat (positive control), or HFD containing 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4% HT077 for 12 weeks. HT077 significantly reduced final body weights, weight gain, abdominal fat weights, liver weights, and hepatic levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol. HT077 also lowered glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and leptin levels and increased AST/ALT and adiponectin/leptin ratios and adiponectin levels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that HT077 decreased the expression of lipogenic genes and increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes in adipose tissue. Our results indicate that HT077 exerts anti-obesity effects and prevents the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. These beneficial effects might be partially attributed to ameliorating adipokine imbalances and regulating lipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--In vitro anti-leishmanial activity of Prunus armeniaca fractions on Leishmania tropica and molecular

In vitro anti-leishmanial activity of Prunus armeniaca fractions on Leishmania tropica and molecular docking studies.

Prunus armeniaca ( L. ) is a member of the Rosaceae , subfamily Prunoideae , shows anticancer , antitubercular , antimutagenic , antimicrobial , antioxidant , and cardioprotective activities .
Here we fractionated the leaves extract of this highly medicinally important plant for antileishmanial activity .
In the current study , the leaves extract was fractionated and characterized using column and thin layer chromatography by n-hexane , ethyl acetate , and methanol solvents .
Twelve fractions were isolated and subjected for evaluation of their cytotoxicity and in vitro antileishmanial activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania tropica .
Among all @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) exhibited the strongest antileishmanial activity .
The bioactive fraction was further characterized by spectroscopy ( FTIR , UV-Vis ) , and GC-MS analysis .
The in silico docking was carried out to find the active site of PTR1 .
All derived fractions exhibited toxicity in the safety range IC > 100 μg/ml .
The fraction ( F7 ) showed significantly the highest antipromastigotes activity with IC11.48 ± 0.82 μg/ml and antiamastigotes activity with IC21.03 ± 0.98 μg/ml compared with control i.e .
11.60 ± 0.70 and 22.03 ± 1.02 μg/ml respectively .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ of six absorption peaks and the FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of alkane , aldehyde , carboxylic acid , thiols , alkynes , and carbonyls compounds The GC-MS chromatogram exhibited the presence of nine compounds : ( a ) benzeneethanol , alpha , beta dimethyl , ( b ) carbazic acid , 3- ( 1 propylbutylidene ) - , ethyl ester , ( c ) 1 , 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid , diisooctyl ester , ( d ) benzeneethanamine a-methyl , ( e ) 2aminononadecane , ( f ) 2-heptanamine-5-methyl , ( g ) cyclobutanol @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and ( i ) nitric acid , nonyl ester .
Among all compounds , the 1 , 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid , diisooctyl ester bound well to the PTR1 receptor .
Fraction ( F7 ) showed acceptable results with no cytotoxicity .
However , in vivo studies are required in the future .

Prunus armeniaca (L.) is a member of the Rosaceae, subfamily Prunoideae, shows anticancer, antitubercular, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cardioprotective activities. Here we fractionated the leaves extract of this highly medicinally important plant for antileishmanial activity. In the current study, the leaves extract was fractionated and characterized using column and thin layer chromatography by n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvents. Twelve fractions were isolated and subjected for evaluation of their cytotoxicity and in vitro antileishmanial activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania tropica. Among all fractions used, the fraction (F7) exhibited the strongest antileishmanial activity. The bioactive fraction was further characterized by spectroscopy (FTIR, UV-Vis), and GC-MS analysis. The in silico docking was carried out to find the active site of PTR1. All derived fractions exhibited toxicity in the safety range IC > 100 μg/ml. The fraction (F7) showed significantly the highest antipromastigotes activity with IC11.48 ± 0.82 μg/ml and antiamastigotes activity with IC21.03 ± 0.98 μg/ml compared with control i.e. 11.60 ± 0.70 and 22.03 ± 1.02 μg/ml respectively. The UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of six absorption peaks and the FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of alkane, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, thiols, alkynes, and carbonyls compounds The GC-MS chromatogram exhibited the presence of nine compounds: (a) benzeneethanol, alpha, beta dimethyl, (b)carbazic acid, 3-(1 propylbutylidene)-, ethyl ester, (c)1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester, (d)benzeneethanamine a-methyl, (e)2aminononadecane, (f)2-heptanamine-5-methyl,(g)cyclobutanol, (h)cyclopropyl carbine, and (i)nitric acid, nonyl ester. Among all compounds, the 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester bound well to the PTR1 receptor. Fraction (F7) showed acceptable results with no cytotoxicity. However, in vivo studies are required in the future.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Antibacterial activity of honey samples from Ukraine.

The employment of natural substances such as beehive products with a preventive and therapeutic purpose has been a widespread custom @ @ @ @ @ this investigation , the antibacterial activity of 41 honey samples from different Ukraine regions has @ @ @ @ @ honey , melissopalynological and physico-chemical analysis were performed in order to determine botanical origin , @ @ @ @ @ contents and free acidity .
So , antibacterial activity againstCCM 4223 , ATCC 7644 , @ @ @ @ @ 25922 was assessed through the determination of MIC ( Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ) and MBC @ @ @ @ @ values by the microdilutions method .
The results show that the most susceptible bacterial strain @ @ @ @ @ growth was inhibited at a honey concentration ranging from 0.094 to 0.188 g/mL .
The @ @ @ @ @ .
As concerns MBC values , was the most susceptible bacteria , whilewas the most @ @ @ @ @ most effective against all tested bacterial strains , followed byspp .
and multifloral honeys .
@ @ @ @ @ have been found forspp .

The employment of natural substances such as beehive products with a preventive and therapeutic purpose has been a widespread custom since ancient times. In this investigation, the antibacterial activity of 41 honey samples from different Ukraine regions has been evaluated. For each honey, melissopalynological and physico-chemical analysis were performed in order to determine botanical origin, pH, glucose and fructose contents and free acidity. So, antibacterial activity againstCCM 4223,ATCC 7644,serovar Typhimurium CCM 3807 andATCC 25922 was assessed through the determination of MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) values by the microdilutions method. The results show that the most susceptible bacterial strain was L. monocytogenes. Its growth was inhibited at a honey concentration ranging from 0.094 to 0.188 g/mL. The most resistant bacterial strain was. As concerns MBC values,was the most susceptible bacteria, whilewas the most resistant.spp. honeys was the most effective against all tested bacterial strains, followed byspp. and multifloral honeys. Promising results for MIC tests have been found forspp.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Clinical significance of manuka and medical-grade honey for antibiotic-resistant infections.

Antimicrobial resistance is an ever-increasing global issue that has the potential to overtake cancer as the leading cause of death worldwide by 2050 .
With the passing of the '' golden age '' of antibiotic discovery , identifying alternative treatments to commonly used antimicrobials is more important than ever .
Honey has been used as a topical wound treatment for millennia and more recently has been formulated into a series of medical-grade honeys for use primarily for wound and burn treatment .
In this systematic review , we examined the effectiveness of differing honeys as an antimicrobial treatment against a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ species .
We analysed 16 original research articles that included a total of 18 different types of honey against 32 different bacterial species , including numerous MDR strains .
We identified that Surgihoney was the most effective honey , displaying minimum inhibitory concentrations as low as 0.1 % ( w/v ) ; however , all honeys reviewed showed a high efficacy against most bacterial species analysed .
Importantly , the MDR status of each bacterial strain had no impact on the susceptibility of the organism to honey .
Hence , the use of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ considered as an alternative approach for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections .

Antimicrobial resistance is an ever-increasing global issue that has the potential to overtake cancer as the leading cause of death worldwide by 2050. With the passing of the"golden age"of antibiotic discovery, identifying alternative treatments to commonly used antimicrobials is more important than ever. Honey has been used as a topical wound treatment for millennia and more recently has been formulated into a series of medical-grade honeys for use primarily for wound and burn treatment. In this systematic review, we examined the effectiveness of differing honeys as an antimicrobial treatment against a variety of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial species. We analysed 16 original research articles that included a total of 18 different types of honey against 32 different bacterial species, including numerous MDR strains. We identified that Surgihoney was the most effective honey, displaying minimum inhibitory concentrations as low as 0.1% (w/v); however, all honeys reviewed showed a high efficacy against most bacterial species analysed. Importantly, the MDR status of each bacterial strain had no impact on the susceptibility of the organism to honey. Hence, the use of honey as an antimicrobial therapy should be considered as an alternative approach for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Ameliorative effects of jamun seed and orange peel extracts on microcystin LR induced alterations in

Ameliorative effects of jamun seed and orange peel extracts on microcystin LR induced alterations in calcitonin cells and parathyroid gland.

This study investigated changes in calcitonin cells ( C-cells ) and parathyroid glands ( PTG ) induced by microcystin LR ( MCLR ) exposure to rats and evaluated ameliorative effects of jamun ( Syzygium cumini ) seed ( JSE ) and orange ( Citrus sinensis ) peel ( OPE ) extracts .
Wistar rats were treated as-Group A ( control ) , Group B ( MCLR ) , Group C ( MCLR + JSE ) , Group D ( MCLT + OPE ) , Group E ( OPE ) and Group F ( JSE ) .
Microcystin dose was ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ JSE dose was 200 mg/kg body wt/day .
Thyroid and PTG were fixed on 15 and 30 days following the treatment .
C-cells of treated rats for 15 days with MCLR ; MCLR + JSE and MCLR + OPE exhibit degranulation , mitochondrial swelling and prominent RER .
In MCLR treated rats few cells completely lack secretory granules .
After 30 days MCLR treatment accumulation of secretory granules and degeneration were noticed in C-cells .
C-cell nuclear volume ( NV ) of MCLR , MCLR + JSE and MCLT + OPE treated rats @ @ @ @ @ @ @ MCLR + JSE and MCLR + OPE treated rats PTG exhibit hyperchromatic nuclei , nuclear elongation and increased NV after 15 days .
After 30 days MCLR treatment nuclei of PTG become more hyperchromatic , more elongated , show degeneration of nuclei and increase in NV .
NV is increased in Group C and Group D. PTG remain unaltered 30 days following treatment with OPE and JSE .
Microcystin LR provoke physiological effects on the blood calcium and alterations in C cells and PTG , which cause serious threat to organism .
These @ @ @ @ @ @ @ OPE .

This study investigated changes in calcitonin cells (C-cells) and parathyroid glands (PTG) induced by microcystin LR (MCLR) exposure to rats and evaluated ameliorative effects of jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed (JSE) and orange (Citrus sinensis) peel (OPE) extracts. Wistar rats were treated as-Group A (control), Group B (MCLR), Group C (MCLR + JSE), Group D (MCLT + OPE), Group E (OPE) and Group F (JSE). Microcystin dose was (10 μg/kg body wt/day whereas OPE and JSE dose was 200 mg/kg body wt/day. Thyroid and PTG were fixed on 15 and 30 days following the treatment. C-cells of treated rats for 15 days with MCLR; MCLR + JSE and MCLR + OPE exhibit degranulation, mitochondrial swelling and prominent RER. In MCLR treated rats few cells completely lack secretory granules. After 30 days MCLR treatment accumulation of secretory granules and degeneration were noticed in C-cells. C-cell nuclear volume (NV) of MCLR, MCLR + JSE and MCLT + OPE treated rats show an increase. In MCLR, MCLR + JSE and MCLR + OPE treated rats PTG exhibit hyperchromatic nuclei, nuclear elongation and increased NV after 15 days. After 30 days MCLR treatment nuclei of PTG become more hyperchromatic, more elongated, show degeneration of nuclei and increase in NV. NV is increased in Group C and Group D. PTG remain unaltered 30 days following treatment with OPE and JSE. Microcystin LR provoke physiological effects on the blood calcium and alterations in C cells and PTG, which cause serious threat to organism. These changes can be protected by JSE and OPE.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Biofilm formation reducing properties of manuka honey and propolis in Proteus mirabilis rods isolate

Biofilm formation reducing properties of manuka honey and propolis in Proteus mirabilis rods isolated from chronic wounds.

Chronic wound infections are difficult to manage because of the biofilm formation in the wound environment .
New measures for eliminating infections are necessary to increase the chance of wound healing .
Apitherapy may be the new solution .
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of wound infection factors and to examine the impact of Manuka honey and ethanol extract of propolis on biofilm formation ofisolated from chronic wound infections .
According to the findings , the most frequent factors of infection are ( 46.1 % ) , ( 35.0 % ) , and ( 10.6 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ minimal bactericidal concentration values were assigned using the microbroth dilution test according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute .
Biofilm ofisolates was formed in 96-well polystyrene plates and treated with Manuka honey ( concentrations from 1.88 % to 30.0 % ) and ethanol extract of propolis ( 1.0 % to 40.0 % ) .
After 24 h , the biofilm viability was expressed by formazan absorbance ( λ = 470 nm ) .
Manuka honey reduced the biofilm viability in all , and ethanol extract of propolis in most , of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ at the concentrations of 20.0 % and 40.0 % , reduced biofilm viability stronger than ethanol itself .
With these results comes the conclusion that these substances can reduce biofilm formation .

Chronic wound infections are difficult to manage because of the biofilm formation in the wound environment. New measures for eliminating infections are necessary to increase the chance of wound healing. Apitherapy may be the new solution. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of wound infection factors and to examine the impact of Manuka honey and ethanol extract of propolis on biofilm formation ofisolated from chronic wound infections. According to the findings, the most frequent factors of infection are(46.1%),(35.0%), and(10.6%). Minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration values were assigned using the microbroth dilution test according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Biofilm ofisolates was formed in 96-well polystyrene plates and treated with Manuka honey (concentrations from 1.88% to 30.0%) and ethanol extract of propolis (1.0% to 40.0%). After 24 h, the biofilm viability was expressed by formazan absorbance (λ = 470 nm). Manuka honey reduced the biofilm viability in all, and ethanol extract of propolis in most, of the concentrations tested. Ethanol extract of propolis at the concentrations of 20.0% and 40.0%, reduced biofilm viability stronger than ethanol itself. With these results comes the conclusion that these substances can reduce biofilm formation.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Wound healing efficacy of Jamun honey in diabetic mice model.

Diabetic patients are frequently afflicted with impaired wound healing where linear progression of molecular and cellular events compromised .
Despite of meaningful progress in diabetic treatment , management of diabetic chronic wounds is still challenging .
Jamun ( ) honey may be a promising candidate for diabetic wound healing and need to explore in detail .
So present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Jamun honey ( JH ) for diabetic wound healing inwound ( primary fibroblasts ) model and inof diabetic mice ( Streptozotocin induced ) model .
The fibroblast cell model was studied for migratory behaviour @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , immuno-cytochemistry and western blot .
We applied FDA approved Manuka honey ( MH ) as positive control and JH as test honey to evaluate wound re-epithelialization , sub-epithelial connective tissue modification and angiogenesishisto-pathological and immuno-histochemical analysis .
JH ( 0.1 % v/v ) dilution has notably improved wound closure , migration with concomitantα-SMA expressions .
Topical application of JH in diabetic mice model showed significant ( *p ≤ 0.05 ) wound closure , reepithelialization , collagen deposition ( I/III ) and balanced the myofibroblasts formation .
It also modulated vital angiogenic markers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) significantly ( *p ≤ 0.05 ) .
All these observations depicted that JH promotes sequential stages of wound healing in diabetic mice model .
The results of the present study established Jamun honey as good as Manuka honey considering wound closure , re-epithelialization , collagen deposition and pro-angiogenic potential .

Diabetic patients are frequently afflicted with impaired wound healing where linear progression of molecular and cellular events compromised. Despite of meaningful progress in diabetic treatment, management of diabetic chronic wounds is still challenging. Jamun () honey may be a promising candidate for diabetic wound healing and need to explore in detail. So present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Jamun honey (JH) for diabetic wound healing inwound (primary fibroblasts) model and inof diabetic mice (Streptozotocin induced) model. The fibroblast cell model was studied for migratory behaviour and myofibrolasts infiltration under honey interventionsscratch/migration assay, immuno-cytochemistry and western blot. We applied FDA approved Manuka honey (MH) as positive control and JH as test honey to evaluate wound re-epithelialization, sub-epithelial connective tissue modification and angiogenesishisto-pathological and immuno-histochemical analysis. JH (0.1% v/v) dilution has notably improved wound closure, migration with concomitantα-SMA expressions. Topical application of JH in diabetic mice model showed significant (*p ≤ 0.05) wound closure, reepithelialization, collagen deposition (I/III) and balanced the myofibroblasts formation. It also modulated vital angiogenic markers (HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGF R-II) significantly (*p ≤ 0.05). All these observations depicted that JH promotes sequential stages of wound healing in diabetic mice model. The results of the present study established Jamun honey as good as Manuka honey considering wound closure, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition and pro-angiogenic potential.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Ficus carica and Sizigium cumini regulate glucose and lipid parameters in high-fat diet and streptoz

Ficus carica and Sizigium cumini regulate glucose and lipid parameters in high-fat diet and streptozocin-induced rats.

Obesity linked diabetes , popularly known as diabesity , has been viewed as a direct product of the modern lifestyle in both developed and developing countries , and its increased prevalence is seen as a major threat to public health globally .
( FC ) and ( SC ) are part of indigenous flora with traditional medicinal properties .
Fresh seeds of SC fruit and fruit of FC were collected and macerated to obtain the final extract .
Wistar rats were divided into seven groups fed either on a normal diet or high-fat diet ( HFD ) along with streptozocin @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The crude extract of FC ( FC.Cr . )
and SC ( SC.Cr . )
were administered at 250 mg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day in induced diabesity state .
Body weights , blood glucose level , complete blood count ( CBC ) , cholesterol , triglycerides ( TG ) , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) , very-low-density lipoprotein ( VLDL ) , and high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) were recorded to analyze their effects on glucose and lipid metabolism .
Further , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) were measured @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and ant oxidative enzyme .
Results showed that both FC.Cr .
and SC.Cr .
have the potential to control obesity-linked type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) by lowering the body weights , serum glucose , cholesterol , TG , LDL , and VLDL , while increasing the protective effects of HDL dose-dependently .
The crude extract of both plants showed significant activity to raise SOD and curb MDA under diabetic states .
It was concluded that both FC.Cr .
and SC.Cr .
exhibited remarkable therapeutics potential in HFD-STZ-induced diabetic rats .
However @ @ @ @ @ @ @ SC.Cr .
are relatively more pronounced as compared to FC.Cr .
in almost all parameters .

Obesity linked diabetes, popularly known as diabesity, has been viewed as a direct product of the modern lifestyle in both developed and developing countries, and its increased prevalence is seen as a major threat to public health globally.(FC) and(SC) are part of indigenous flora with traditional medicinal properties. Fresh seeds of SC fruit and fruit of FC were collected and macerated to obtain the final extract. Wistar rats were divided into seven groups fed either on a normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) along with streptozocin (STZ) to induce diabesity. The crude extract of FC (FC.Cr.) and SC (SC.Cr.) were administered at 250 mg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day in induced diabesity state. Body weights, blood glucose level, complete blood count (CBC), cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were recorded to analyze their effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Further, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to examine their effects on lipid peroxidation and ant oxidative enzyme. Results showed that both FC.Cr. and SC.Cr. have the potential to control obesity-linked type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)by lowering the body weights, serum glucose, cholesterol, TG, LDL, and VLDL, while increasing the protective effects of HDL dose-dependently. The crude extract of both plants showed significant activity to raise SOD and curb MDA under diabetic states. It was concluded that both FC.Cr. and SC.Cr. exhibited remarkable therapeutics potential in HFD-STZ-induced diabetic rats. However, we found that the effects of SC.Cr. are relatively more pronounced as compared to FC.Cr. in almost all parameters.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Parietin as an alternative to zinc in wound healing could be used by clinicians in the future with m

Parietin as an alternative to zinc in wound healing could be used by clinicians in the future with more extensive studies.

Parietin is one of the well-known anthraquinone compounds that can be extracted from Rheum ribes L. In this study , we aimed to investigate the effects of parietin isolated from Rheum ribes L on an in vitro wound model using human dermal fibroblast cells and compare its effectiveness against zinc .
The antioxidant effect of parietin was determined by using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine ( DPPH ) method .
Human dermal fibroblast cells were cultured in proculture medium and were kept until 100 % confluence was achieved .
The wound model was created by using a pipette tip .
After that , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ final concentrations in the well to be 5-250µM and 25-200 µM , respectively ) were added into the medium .
The proliferation-inducing effect on cell viability was determined by using MTT assay .
Images of cells were taken at 0 , 12 , and 24 hours .
According to the DPPH method , parietin exhibited have antioxidant activity .
According to the MTT results , parietin exhibited significant proliferation-inducing effect on cell viability in a dose range of 5 to 10 M , and zinc showed significant proliferation-inducing effect on cell viability at @ @ @ @ @

Parietin is one of the well-known anthraquinone compounds that can be extracted from Rheum ribes L. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of parietin isolated from Rheum ribes L on an in vitro wound model using human dermal fibroblast cells and compare its effectiveness against zinc. The antioxidant effect of parietin was determined by using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) method. Human dermal fibroblast cells were cultured in proculture medium and were kept until 100% confluence was achieved. The wound model was created by using a pipette tip. After that, different concentrations of parietin and zinc (final concentrations in the well to be 5-250µM and 25-200 µM, respectively) were added into the medium. The proliferation-inducing effect on cell viability was determined by using MTT assay. Images of cells were taken at 0, 12, and 24 hours. According to the DPPH method, parietin exhibited have antioxidant activity. According to the MTT results, parietin exhibited significant proliferation-inducing effect on cell viability in a dose range of 5 to 10 M, and zinc showed significant proliferation-inducing effect on cell viability at dose 50 µM ( P<.05). In addition, the image of cell proliferation was also shown at the same doses at 24 hours. In this study, we claim that parietin induces cell proliferation at low doses in cases of dermal fibroblast loss. In conclusion, parietin as an alternative to zinc in wound healing could be used by clinicians in the future with more extensive studies.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--Bioactive contents, In vitro antiradical, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of rhubarb extracts

Bioactive contents, In vitro antiradical, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of rhubarb extracts.

Rheum ribes L. ( rhubarb ) is belonging to Polygonaceae , and its roots and fresh shoots are consumed as @ @ @ @ @ plant is considered to be one of the most important pharmaceutical raw materials in Middle @ @ @ @ @ , the antiradical , antimicrobial , cytotoxic and bioactive properties of water , ethanol , @ @ @ @ @ ribes stems were determined .
R. ribes stems water , ethanol and methanol extracts are @ @ @ @ @ , 99.91 , and 99.88 % ) , DPPH ( 83.11 , 81.42 , and @ @ @ @ @ OHradicals ( 93.49 , 94.21 , 95.86 % ) than standard antioxidant BHA ( 95.32 @ @ @ @ @ % ) .
Stems of R. ribes abundantly include bioactive compounds , dominated by rutin @ @ @ @ @ , ferulic acid , α-tocopherol and vitamin D. These extracts show effective cytotoxic properties against @ @ @ @ @ and MCF-7 cancer cell lines at 24h .
It is found that R. ribes contain @ @ @ @ @ , and has effective antiradical and cytotoxic properties .

Rheum ribes L. (rhubarb) is belonging to Polygonaceae, and its roots and fresh shoots are consumed as vegetable in Turkey. This plant is considered to be one of the most important pharmaceutical raw materials in Middle East. In this study, the antiradical, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and bioactive properties of water, ethanol, and methanol extracts of R. ribes stems were determined. R. ribes stems water, ethanol and methanol extracts are better scavenged ABTS(99.27, 99.91, and 99.88%), DPPH(83.11, 81.42, and 83.26%), and OHradicals (93.49, 94.21, 95.86%) than standard antioxidant BHA (95.32, 80.49, and 93.78%). Stems of R. ribes abundantly include bioactive compounds, dominated by rutin, catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid,α-tocopherol and vitamin D. These extracts show effective cytotoxic properties against PC-3, A2780, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines at 24h. It is found that R. ribes contain high amount important bioactive contents, and has effective antiradical and cytotoxic properties.


greenmedinfo--2020-11-26--The effects of quinoa seed supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors.

This meta-analysis was designed to determine the effect of quinoa seed on cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors in adults .
PubMed , Scopus , ISI Web of Science , and Cochrane library were searched electronically from their inception to February 2020 to identify eligible RCTs .
We calculated the pooled estimates of weighted mean differences ( WMDs ) and their 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) by using random-effects models .
Five eligible RCTs representing 206 subjects were enrolled .
The pooled result showed that quinoa seed supplementation significantly lowered the body weight ( WMD : -1.26 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , -0.18 , p = .02 ) , waist circumference ( WC ) ( WMD : -1.15 cm , 95 % CI : -2.08 , -0.21 , p = .01 ) , fat mass ( FM ) ( WMD : -0.59 % , 95 % CI : -1.14 , -0.03 , p = .03 ) , insulin serum level ( WMD : -0.86 pmol/L , 95 % CI : -13.38 , -1.59 , p = .01 ) , triglyceride ( TG ) ( WMD : -7.20 mg/dl , 95 % CI : -9.52 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The current evidence suggests that quinoa seed might be utilized as a possible new effective and safe supplementary option to better prevent and control CVD in humans .

This meta-analysis was designed to determine the effect of quinoa seed on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adults. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane library were searched electronically from their inception to February 2020 to identify eligible RCTs. We calculated the pooled estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using random-effects models. Five eligible RCTs representing 206 subjects were enrolled. The pooled result showed that quinoa seed supplementation significantly lowered the body weight (WMD: -1.26 kg, 95% CI: -2.35, -0.18, p = .02), waist circumference (WC) (WMD: -1.15 cm, 95% CI: -2.08, -0.21, p = .01), fat mass (FM) (WMD: -0.59%, 95% CI: -1.14, -0.03, p = .03), insulin serum level (WMD: -0.86 pmol/L, 95% CI: -13.38, -1.59, p = .01), triglyceride (TG) (WMD: -7.20 mg/dl, 95% CI: -9.52, -4.87, p < .001), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -6.86 mg/dl, 95% CI: -10.64, -3.08, p < .001), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD: -3.08 mg/dl, 95% CI: -5.13, -1.03, p = .003) levels. However, no significant changes were seen in other markers (p > .05). The current evidence suggests that quinoa seed might be utilized as a possible new effective and safe supplementary option to better prevent and control CVD in humans.