bbcuk--2020-10-05--Nobel Prize for Medicine goes to Hepatitis C discovery

Three scientists who discovered the virus Hepatitis C have won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology .
The winners are British scientist Michael Houghton and US researchers Harvey Alter and Charles Rice .
The Nobel Prize committee said their discoveries ultimately `` saved millions of lives '' .
The virus is a common cause of liver cancer and a major reason why people need a liver transplant .
In the 1960s , there was huge concern that people receiving donated blood were getting chronic hepatitis ( liver inflammation ) from an unknown , mysterious disease .
The Nobel @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the time was like `` Russian roulette '' .
Highly sensitive blood tests mean such cases have now been eliminated in many parts of the world , and effective anti-viral drugs have also been developed .
`` For the first time in history , the disease can now be cured , raising hopes of eradicating Hepatitis C virus from the world , '' the prize committee said .
However , the 70 million people are currently living with the virus , which still kills around 400,000 a year .
The viruses Hepatitis A @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the mid-1960s .
But Prof Harvey Alter , while studying transfusion patients at the US National Institutes of Health in 1972 , showed there was another , mystery , infection at work .
Patients were still getting sick after receiving donated blood .
He showed that giving blood from infected patients to chimpanzees led to them developing the disease .
The mysterious illness became known as `` non-A , non-B '' hepatitis in and the hunt was now on .
Prof Michael Houghton , while at the pharmaceutical firm Chiron , managed to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in 1989 .
This showed it was a type of flavivirus and it was named Hepatitis C. And Prof Charles Rice , while at Washington University in St. Louis , applied the finishing touches in 1997 .
He injected a genetically engineered Hepatitis C virus into the liver of chimpanzees and showed this could lead to hepatitis .
Prof Thomas Perlmann , the secretary-general of the Nobel Assembly , said he could only reach Profs Alter and Rice to tell them news .
`` They were definitely not sitting by the phone because @ @ @ @ @ @ @ before without any answer .
`` But once I reached them , they were extremely surprised and they were really happy and speechless almost , so it was really fun to talk to them . ''
• 2019 - Sir Peter Ratcliffe , William Kaelin and Gregg Semenza for discovered how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels • 2018 - James P Allison and Tasuku Honjo for discovering how to fight cancer using the body 's immune system • 2017- Jeffrey Hall , Michael Rosbash and Michael Young for unravelling how bodies @ @ @ @ @ @ @ • 2016 - Yoshinori Ohsumi for discovering how cells remain healthy by recycling waste • 2015 - William C Campbell , Satoshi Ōmura and Youyou Tu for anti-parasite drug discoveries • 2014 - John O'Keefe , May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser for discovering the brain 's navigating system

"The amount of virus present in the liver and the blood was very low, and the sensitivity of our techniques was not high enough, so we were sailing very close to the wind all the time.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Worst September for UK car sales this century

New UK car registrations fell 4.4 % in September from a year earlier , according to the motor industry .
That made it the worst September this century in what is normally the industry 's second most important month .
There were just 328,041 new registrations in the month , said the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders ( SMMT ) .
The car sector has been hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic , which closed factories and showrooms .
September is normally second to March as the industry 's most important sales month , because licence plate changes typically @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the SMMT said last month saw the lowest volume in new cars since the current licence plate system began in 1999 .
These figures are unlikely to generate much optimism in an industry which , in the SMMT 's own words , has just gone through one of the bleakest periods in its history .
There had been hope that pent-up demand from buyers unable to head out during lockdown would produce a spike in sales later in the year .
It has n't happened .
It seems as though the economic uncertainty @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of buying or leasing big-ticket items - such as cars .
There is some good news for the industry , though .
Sales of electric cars are rising fast , even as the market for diesels continues to collapse .
Carmakers have ploughed huge sums into developing electric vehicles , effectively forced to do so by policymakers intent on cutting pollution and phasing out traditional cars .
Right now , they are expensive to build and not very profitable .
But if enough people buy them , then economies of scale will kick @ @ @ @ @ @ @ some of their investment .
`` During a torrid year , the automotive industry has demonstrated incredible resilience , but this is not a recovery , '' said SMMT chief executive Mike Hawes .
`` Unless the pandemic is controlled and economy-wide consumer and business confidence rebuilt , the short-term future looks very challenging indeed . ''
The SMMT said the relaxation of Covid lockdown restrictions from June had seen consumers return to showrooms and factories restart production lines , after one of the bleakest periods in the sector 's history .
But @ @ @ @ @ @ @ continued pressure '' , including Brexit uncertainty and the threat of tariffs .
while the shift towards zero emission-capable vehicles required huge investment .
`` Additionally , consumer and business confidence is threatened by the forthcoming end of the government 's furlough scheme , an expected rise in unemployment and continuing restrictions on society as a result of the pandemic , '' the SMMT said .
`` With little realistic prospect of recovering the 615,000 registrations lost so far in 2020 , the sector now expects an overall 30.6 % market decline by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to some £21.2bn in lost sales . ''
However , not all carmakers had a bad month .
Historic UK car marque MG , now Chinese-owned , said it had notched up 3,668 sales in September 2020 - 169 % up on the same month in 2019 .

There had been hope that pent-up demand from buyers unable to head out during lockdown would produce a spike in sales later in the year. It hasn't happened. It seems as though the economic uncertainty caused by Covid is making buyers wary of buying or leasing big-ticket items - such as cars.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Northumbria Police drugs warning after four deaths

`` If anyone has any information about who has supplied the drugs in question then we would also encourage them @ @ @ @ @ earliest opportunity . ''

Then just after 13:00 on Sunday, another 18-year old female student was found dead at the same student building where Ms Larmour had died the previous day. Police said it was "believed ketamine had been present at the address".


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Supreme Court President Lord Reed wants more diversity in Supreme Court

The new Supreme Court president says he hopes a justice from an ethnic minority background will be appointed before his retirement in six years ' time .
Lord Reed said the lack of diversity among the 12 Supreme Court justices was a situation `` which can not be allowed to become shameful if it persists '' .
Only 4 % of senior judges appointed to the High Court or above are from ethnic minority backgrounds .
Lord Reed has taken over as president of the Supreme Court from Lady Hale .
• What is the UK Supreme Court ?
• @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Supreme Court ?
• 'Nobody thinks black people can be barristers' In his first media interview since taking on the role , and when asked when there might be a justice from a black , Asian or minority ethnic background appointed to the court , Lord Reed told the BBC : `` I hope that will be before I retire which is in six years ' time . ''
Last month black barrister Alexandra Wilson was mistaken for a defendant three times in the same morning at a magistrates ' court .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' Lord Reed said .
`` Alexandra Wilson is a very gifted young lawyer , an Oxford graduate who has won umpteen scholarships , and for her to be treated like that was extremely disappointing to say the least , '' he said .
Ms Wilson received an apology from Her Majesty 's Courts and Tribunals Service for `` the totally unacceptable behaviour '' .
Asked about a judge of South Asian heritage who was mistaken on numerous occasions for the court clerk , he said : `` That is down to ignorance @ @ @ @ @ @ @ addressed by the courts service . ''
Diversity has remained a stubbornly difficult issue for the judiciary which has often been described as `` stale , male and pale '' .
Currently just 4 % of senior judges appointed to the High Court or above are from a black , Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds .
The figure rises to 8 % of lower court judges and 12 % of tribunal judges , a 2 % increase compared with 2014 in both cases .
The representation of women is better , but still @ @ @ @ @ @ @ judges and 47 % of tribunal judges are women .
The proportion has increased in recent years , but remains lower in senior court appointments with women making up just 26 % of High Court and more senior judges .
Until Lady Hale 's departure there were three female Supreme Court justices .
Often called the highest court in the land , the Supreme Court is a big beast .
It is the final court of appeal for all UK civil cases and criminal cases from England , Wales and Northern Ireland as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ law of great public and constitutional importance .
Unlike its more powerful US counterpart , it can not strike down legislation , but it can judicially review the actions of ministers and other public bodies and decide if they are lawful .
That gives it huge power , seen to the full last year when the court unanimously declared `` unlawful '' the advice Prime Minister Boris Johnson gave the Queen to suspend Parliament in the lead up to the Brexit deadline .
It showed that independent judges can halt the might of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ acted unlawfully and that no-one is above the law .
That led some to accuse the court of judicial activism .
`` What we are doing is n't activism .
It 's giving effect to the law , '' Lord Reed said .
`` The fact that some of the topics can be politically sensitive is something which we can not allow to deter us from applying the law which Parliament has enacted .
That 's what we 're here for . ''
The government has set up a panel to examine judicial @ @ @ @ @ @ @ executive decisions should be decided on by judges , and which grounds and remedies should be available in bringing claims against the government .
Lord Reed was not impressed with a Home Office video , tweeted in August , which described `` activist '' lawyers who represent migrants arguing they have a right to remain in the UK .
The animated video said current regulations were open to abuse allowing `` activist lawyers '' to delay and disrupt returns .
`` I think that was unfortunate and I understand that the government has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ question of people being activist simply because they are doing their job , '' he said - underscoring that the lawyer 's job is to see clients get the treatment they are entitled to by law .
The government took down the video , but some saw its posting as as a deliberate attempt to pick a fight with lawyers , in order to deflect attention from the fact that migrants claiming asylum are sometimes unlawfully removed from the UK in breach of international human rights laws .
Lord Reed acknowledged there was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ activist '' to lawyers and then withdrawing it because it can lodge in the public 's mind .
`` It 's important that people are careful in the language that they use , '' he said .
Lord Reed wants to maintain the standing of the Supreme Court as `` one of the very top courts in the world whose judgements are cited and followed by other courts around the world '' .
However , at a time when the government has placed the constitutional role of judges under intense scrutiny , he @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the court and Parliament .
`` Some of the reaction to the judgements that we gave relating to actions government was taking in the course of the Brexit negotiations revealed a lack of understanding of what our role was or how we operate - and perhaps a degree of suspicion of what our motives might be , '' he acknowledged .
So , he is exploring with the Speaker 's office how to enable members of Parliament to question and discuss with the justices how they decide cases .
Understandably , Lord Reed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Market Bill which enables the government to break its international treaty obligations under the EU Withdrawal Agreement .
It is , after all , still before Parliament .
But in the next six years the Supreme Court is likely to remain locked into what is perhaps the constitutional clash of our times , between a powerful government that wants to get its way on policy decisions , and independent judges whose role is to scrutinise the lawfulness of those decisions .

"Some of the reaction to the judgements that we gave relating to actions government was taking in the course of the Brexit negotiations revealed a lack of understanding of what our role was or how we operate - and perhaps a degree of suspicion of what our motives might be," he acknowledged.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Hovis receives takeover bid from Italy's Newlat Food

The maker of Hovis bread could be changing ownership after Italy 's Newlat Food launched a bid to buy the 134-year-old firm .
In a statement on its website , Newlat said it had made a non-binding offer to shareholders of Hovis Holdings Ltd .
It described Hovis as a brand with `` a great tradition and recognisability in the United Kingdom '' .
Hovis is owned by Premier Foods and US investment firm the Gores Group , which bought a controlling stake in 2014 .
Newlat said it was awaiting feedback from shareholders .
It added that buying Hovis @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of becoming one of the most important operators in the food sector in Europe .
Based in High Wycombe , Hovis employs 2,800 people in eight bakeries , one flourmill and three distribution centres across the UK .
Like many well-known British brands , Hovis has had a succession of owners over the years .
It originated in the Cheshire town of Macclesfield in 1886 at the flour mill of Samuel Fitton and Sons , when miller Richard `` Stoney '' Smith found a way of milling flour that preserved the nutrients in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the following year and the name was chosen in 1890 following a national competition .
Hovis is a contraction of the Latin phrase `` Hominis Vis '' , meaning `` strength of Man '' .
In 1962 , following a series of mergers , it became part of Rank Hovis McDougall ( RHM ) .
Hovis was the subject of one of the UK 's best-loved TV commercials in 1973 , which also launched the career of film director Ridley Scott .
It depicts a boy pushing his bicycle up a hill to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of Dvorak 's New World Symphony .
RHM was bought up by Premier Foods in 2007 .
Seven years later , Premier Foods sold a 51 % stake to the Gores Group , making Hovis Ltd an Anglo-American joint venture .

It added that buying Hovis would help it to achieve its aim of becoming one of the most important operators in the food sector in Europe.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Murder arrests after man found dead in lake in Wigan

The man , who has not been named but is believed to be in his late teens , was found @ @ @ @ @ before 14:00 BST on Sunday .

The man, who has not been named but is believed to be in his late teens, was found at Scotsman's Flash just before 14:00 BST on Sunday.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--McDonald's among food firms urging tougher deforestation rules

Food firms in the UK including McDonald 's are urging the government to toughen up rules designed to protect rainforests .
Ministers are planning a new law forbidding big firms to use produce from illegally deforested land .
But the firms say the law should apply to all deforestation , whether it 's legal or illegal .
That 's because the effect on the climate , and on nature , is the same if trees are felled legally or not .
The firms have written a letter to the government on the closing day of its consultation on forest protection @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to illegal deforestation would not achieve halting the loss of natural ecosystems , especially when governments have discretion to decide what is legal . ''
The 21 signatories include including Unilever , Tesco , Lidl , Nando 's , Nestle , the convenience food maker Greencore and the chicken producer Pilgrim 's Pride .
Currently the government 's plans refer only to major companies like these , but the signatories say this would allow medium-sized firms to continue importing large amounts of commodities from previously forested land .
They are pressing for a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ n't gain a competitive advantage .
The letter represents something of a breakthrough for environmental campaigners .
They 've have long argued that it 's pointless for the UK to protect its own landscape - as the Prime Minister says he intends - if ingredients in food or fodder such as beef , cocoa , soy , rubber and palm oil have contributed to environmental destruction abroad .
Robin Willoughby , from the green group Mighty Earth said : `` The proposed legislation would continue to allow rampant deforestation in hotspots such as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the deforestation is legal ) .
`` With the Amazon in flames and forests being cut down at an alarming rate , Nature does n't recognise the difference between legal and illegal deforestation . ''
A government spokesperson agreed that the expansion of agriculture should not damage other ecosystems and promised ministers would explore ways of avoiding this `` displacement '' effect .
The spokesperson said tackling illegal forest-felling was the obvious place to start .
She added : `` Our proposed approach is designed to tackle illegal deforestation which accounts for nearly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ nearer 90 % in key biomes , including part of the Amazon .
`` Were existing forest laws in Brazil to be properly enforced , experts believe that forest cover would increase by 10 % . ''
Chris Brown , Sustainable Sourcing Director at Asda , said : `` We welcome efforts the government has made so far to tackle deforestation .
`` But current plans wo n't do enough to protect fragile ecosystems .
`` We need comprehensive reporting up and down the supply chain , alongside incentives for suppliers who move @ @ @ @ @ @ @ has been growing dissatisfaction among consumers about products connected to illegal deforestation , especially in the Amazon .
According to a recent survey from the environment group , WWF , 67 % of British consumers say they want the government to do more to tackle the issue .
Some 81 % of respondents wanted greater transparency about the origins of products imported into the UK .
Fuelling these concerns are reports showing that deforestation in the Amazon has increased sharply this year .
The felling of trees and the clearing of land , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ be responsible for 11 % of global greenhouse gas emissions .
Although some environmentalists have supported the letter to government , other say the proposed targets are inadequate .
McDonald 's , for instance , has set a deadline of 2030 for removing rainforest products from its supply chain - a date critics say is far too late .
The issue is complicated , though .
The group Palm Oil Monitor fears the effects of proposed changes on small farmers in remote areas .
It said : `` Not all deforestation is bad @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cut forests to plant crops and feed its people , this can not be considered bad . ''

They've have long argued that it's pointless for the UK to protect its own landscape - as the Prime Minister says he intends - if ingredients in food or fodder such as beef, cocoa, soy, rubber and palm oil have contributed to environmental destruction abroad.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Police horses bolt stable door on star-studded careers

They have guarded world leaders , escorted some of the biggest stars in sport and music and even attended a royal wedding .
However two of Wales ' longest serving police horses have bolted the stable door on their working careers .
Between them Rubin and Samson have been on duty for nearly a quarter of a century with South Wales Police .
`` They 've done their duty , it 's time for them to go into a field and just be horses , '' said PC Rick Lewis .
During their long careers , Rubin and Samson together @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the highest-profile events in the UK .
They were on duty during the 2014 Nato conference in Newport , the 2017 Champions ' League Final and countless Six Nations rugby matches in Cardiff .
They have also rubbed shoulders with the stars when they were thanked in person by singer Ed Sheeran for policing his four nights at the Principality Stadium .
However , they have also been called on to assist police forces elsewhere .
During President Donald Trump 's State visit to the UK last year , they policed protests outside @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was held for the president .
They were also part of the mounted team at Windsor Castle for the wedding of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex .
Rubin , an Irish Draught/Clydesdale cross , is the most experienced horse in the force 's mounted section with 14 years ' experience .
PC Lewis said he would be missed by all the officers who had ridden him and the staff who had looked after him at the police stables in Bridgend .
`` It 's bittersweet .
It 's good that he can @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it 's obviously sad that we 're losing such a fantastic animal , '' he said .
`` As much as you do n't want him to go , as much as we 're going to miss him , he 's done his time , he 's more than served the job , the communities . ''
At 19 Samson is the oldest horse in the yard , with 10 years ' service .
PC Sadie James said escorting the Wales rugby team into the Principality Stadium on Six Nations match day had @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a very special atmosphere , half the time the horses think the crowds are there for them rather than the teams coming in on the coaches ... it 's an honour to do it , '' she said .
`` It is a bit of a showstopper to be walking down a residential street on a horse . ''
South Wales Police is the only force in Wales to have a mounted section after North Wales Police disbanded its section in 2010 - just three years after it was set up .
Assistant @ @ @ @ @ @ @ had a unique ability to build links with communities .
`` They provide fantastic support from a public order point of view at major and critical events and they are really great at getting people to come and talk to us , '' he said .
`` They 're a key part of our team and we 've got a long-term plan to make sure we have [ that ] capability . ''
The mounted section has welcomed three new horses in the last two years with one more to come this year @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to eight .
Meanwhile Rubin and Samson were awarded a guard of honour by their stablemates on Friday and this week will be transferred to specialist sanctuaries for retired police horses .

"It's a very special atmosphere, half the time the horses think the crowds are there for them rather than the teams coming in on the coaches... it's an honour to do it," she said.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Covid: £40m hospitality fund for Liverpool city region

Metro Mayor Steve Rotheram told the BBC : `` It is really important that we can do everything that we @ @ @ @ @ before central government steps up to the plate to save as many of those jobs @ @ @ @ @ .

Metro Mayor Steve Rotheram told the BBC: "It is really important that we can do everything that we can do in our power before central government steps up to the plate to save as many of those jobs and businesses in our area.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Boris Johnson urged to intervene to 'save outdoor education'

Boris Johnson is being urged to end a lockdown block on residential school visits or risk destroying the `` great British tradition '' of outdoor education .
Schools have reopened , as have hotels , but official guidance still advises against overnight educational trips .
Outdoor learning `` faces an existential threat '' , providers have told the Prime Minister in a letter .
The rules are under review , governments in England , Wales and Scotland say .
But according to the letter from UK Outdoors , which represents 15,000 people and organisations , the continuing freeze on residential @ @ @ @ @ @ @ before January .
The letter adds : `` We can not warn the government in strong enough terms that any decision to prevent residential trips for the rest of the academic year , without support , will permanently close the whole sector . ''
PGL , perhaps the best known company in the business , has announced 670 job losses , a quarter of its workforce .
Its Marchants Hill centre in Surrey would normally be buzzing with the excitement of more than 750 school children and their teachers - but last Friday @ @ @ @ @ @ @ start of the lockdown , it was eerily silent .
Most of the 160 staff have been furloughed , leaving managers Kris Shipway and Kristina Timms to keep the site ticking over , ready to reopen .
`` The sadness , that 's the biggest thing , '' says Kris .
`` It 's about the experiences we 're able to give to children ... and not to be able to do that has been really hard . ''
It 's a similar story at Rhos y Gwaliau , in Snowdonia , North @ @ @ @ @ @ @ empty for six months now .
We 've had no children at the site and we 've really missed having them here , '' says instructor Eve Shrimpton .
Rhos y Gwaliau has been welcoming children to the mountains from schools in and around Reading , for 40 years .
`` It 's something the children look forward to from the beginning of their school careers , '' says Eve , and for some , `` it might be the only opportunity they have in their lifetime to do something like this '' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ daytrips - but Rhos y Gwaliau is just too remote for this to work , says Eve 's boss Sara Jones .
Even for bigger operations like PGL , day trips can not compensate for the loss of their core business .
`` Without overnight accommodation , the sector is effectively shut , '' says PGL chief executive Anthony Jones .
`` For us , about 97 % of our business relies on overnight accommodation . ''
About two million visits have already been lost , says Penrith-based Andy Robinson , chief executive @ @ @ @ @ @ @ one of the signatories of the letter .
Many have been cancelled completely , with others postponed , but without a reopening date , the new dates might not hold .
And the loss is not just of the activities , whether rock climbing , wild camping or the opportunity to ride a zip-wire , it is the chance to be outside for hours in the middle of a wood and to stay away from home without your parents , perhaps for the first time - experiences that help build the soft-skills and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ It 's not having that building of self confidence at key moments , for example the transition from primary to secondary , '' says Mr Robinson .
Or perhaps `` losing a moment that can spark a lifetime interest in a particular outdoor pursuit '' .
Health and safety is essential to a sector which specialises in taking young people into challenging environments , so all members have signed up to extensive Covid-safe policies and procedures to keep school groups in their separate `` bubbles '' .
These `` make it quite clear @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with other bubbles '' , says Anthony Jones .
`` We will put in place segregation , one way systems , staggered meal times separate activities , separated accommodation . ''
He hopes these measures will convince both parents and policy makers that outdoor education trips are safe .
The sector feels unfairly penalised , he says : `` We 've answered every question that has been put to us . ''
In Snowdonia , Sara Jones wants government to engage fully with the sector 's plans for Covid-safe operating and to set @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that once furlough ends this month , and without a firm reopening date , she will be unable to keep her highly skilled staff who are often qualified teachers as well as mountain activity specialists .
`` We also ask that while outdoor education centres face this enforced closure that we are appropriately and adequately funded in a targeted way to ensure that we survive this crisis and are here for generations of children in the future , '' she says .
Anthony Jones says the sector is ideally placed to help children @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
.
`` We 've got these amazing assets , we 've got amazing staff that are desperate to show what they can do and how they can help . ''
In a statement , England 's Department for Education said : `` Since the start of term , schools have been able to run non-residential trips .
`` We keep our guidance on both residential and non-residential trips under review , in line with Public Health England advice . ''
The Scottish government said it was not possible to set out an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ guidance , as this would depend on the trajectory of virus transmission in Scotland between now and the new year .

And the loss is not just of the activities, whether rock climbing, wild camping or the opportunity to ride a zip-wire, it is the chance to be outside for hours in the middle of a wood and to stay away from home without your parents, perhaps for the first time - experiences that help build the soft-skills and resilience so prized by employers.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Covid-19: Circuit-breaker lockdown could 'buy Scotland time'

A `` circuit-breaker '' lockdown could help Scotland reduce Covid-19 infection rates by getting the R number down , the national clinical director has said .
Jason Leitch told BBC Scotland a two-week circuit-breaker could buy the country 28 days in the pandemic .
He said some closures to business and education would deliver a `` short , sharp shock '' to the R number without the need for a full lockdown .
The Scottish government has warned of a `` rising prevalence '' of the virus .
Another 758 positive cases were confirmed on Sunday and Deputy First Minister @ @ @ @ @ @ @ introduced to combat the spread of coronavirus .
The numbers of Covid-19 patients in hospital and those being treated in intensive care is also rising .
• Can a 'circuit break ' halt the second Covid wave ?
Speaking on BBC Scotland 's Seven Days programme , Mr Leitch said a circuit-breaker - a short period of tightened restrictions - was about `` buying yourself more time '' .
`` Not full lockdown like 23 March - so you might make some choices in there about schools or about further education - but @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the R number , '' he said .
`` You get the R number down , you get the numbers down to a reasonable level and then you can begin to reintroduce some of the things that you 've closed .
`` So the idea is that a two-week , roughly , circuit-breaker , would buy you 28 days .
You do n't know that for sure , because it 's not an exact science , but it would buy you about a month in the pandemic . ''
As cases rise , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ from dealing with small outbreaks successfully to the virus spreading out of control .
It becomes much harder to spot where outbreaks start , stretching the Test and Protect system .
This is why some favour the idea of a `` circuit breaker '' .
Introducing a lot of restrictions all at once - perhaps for a couple of weeks - means you can successfully drive infection rates down and you regain control .
But most experts will say that a circuit breaker only buys you time and may have to be done @ @ @ @ @ @ @ It goes without saying , the stricter the conditions , the bigger the difference in denting that R number , the rate of transmission .
It would make sense to do it when the schools are off and when there is still some economic support through the furlough scheme , but the October break comes at different times in Scotland - and also earlier than the rest of the UK .
The first minister has also said she would prefer a four nations approach to major changes in restrictions .
This is the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ have to decide just how far to go and if , or when to push the button .
Mr Leitch said there was a choice to be made on whether a circuit-breaker lockdown would be a cost `` worth paying '' .
The R number - also known as the R-value or reproduction number - is a way of rating any disease 's ability to spread and refers to the average number of people an individual would be expected to infect .
The higher the number , the more out of control a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is higher than one , then the number of cases increases exponentially .
But if the number is lower the disease will eventually stop spreading , as not enough new people are being infected to sustain the outbreak .
The Scottish government estimates the R number could have been above one since early September and currently could be as high as 1.7 .
• RULES : What are the restrictions in Scotland ?
• LOCKDOWN : Six months that changed our lives • CASES : Where are the latest cases in Scotland ?
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ watch out for

It would make sense to do it when the schools are off and when there is still some economic support through the furlough scheme, but the October break comes at different times in Scotland - and also earlier than the rest of the UK. The first minister has also said she would prefer a four nations approach to major changes in restrictions.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Home working here to stay, study of businesses suggests

More home working is likely to be a permanent fixture for a majority of businesses , according to a study .
A survey of just under 1,000 firms by the Institute of Directors ( IoD ) shows that 74 % plan on maintaining the increase in home working .
More than half planned on reducing their long-term use of workplaces .
A smaller survey of bosses whose firms had already cut workplace use suggested 44 % of them thought working from home was proving `` more effective '' .
`` Remote working has been one of the most tangible impacts @ @ @ @ @ @ @ many , it could be here to stay , '' said Roger Barker , director of policy at the IoD .
`` Working from home does n't work for everyone , and directors must be alive to the downsides .
Managing teams remotely can prove far from straightforward , and directors must make sure they are going out of their way to support employees ' mental wellbeing . ''
Companies are not likely to switch fully to home working , he continued .
`` The benefits of the office have n't gone away @ @ @ @ @ @ @ together in person proves more productive and enjoyable .
Shared workspace often provides employees the opportunity for informal development and networking that is so crucial , particularly early on in a career . ''
The UK 's oldest business lobby group said 958 company directors were surveyed between 11 and 30 September , mostly from smaller businesses .
The study follows a BBC survey in August which suggested that 50 of the biggest UK employers had no plans to return all staff to the office full-time in the near future .
The BBC @ @ @ @ @ @ @ have any plans in place to return workers to the office .
However , 20 have opened their offices for staff unable to work from home .
Nine in 10 workers who have worked from home during lockdown would like to continue in some form , researchers found in an academic study .
A report published in August by academics at Cardiff and Southampton universities suggests the majority of people working from home are as productive , if not more .
Thousands of people were surveyed three times between April and June .

"Working from home doesn't work for everyone, and directors must be alive to the downsides. Managing teams remotely can prove far from straightforward, and directors must make sure they are going out of their way to support employees' mental wellbeing."


bbcuk--2020-10-04--Covid in Scotland: Soft play owners 'angry' at continued lockdown

The owners of soft play and indoor sports facilities have warned they face financial ruin .
While such businesses opened in England in mid-August they remain closed in Scotland .
Many soft play centres , theatres and nightclubs had hoped to open on Monday but some fear they now never will .
Last week First Minister Nicola Sturgeon confirmed that the date of their reopening had been postponed until at least 15 October .
She said it would not be sensible to ease restrictions while infection rates were rising .
The sectors had previously been given indicative reopening dates of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Meikle , who owns Saltire soft play and football centre in Dalkeith , has run out of patience .
`` I feel angry when I wake up in the morning , angry when I go to bed at night and angry every hour in between , '' he said .
`` My wife and I have spent six years building this business up to be a sustainable business .
`` We 're not going to get rich from this but our staff would have said they were in a stable secure job .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ to eight weeks away from collapse .
In six months of closure , he says £166,000 has left his business bank account with just £49,000 in furlough payments coming in .
His business took a £100,000 loan to survive which is almost gone .
Mr Meikle says he is now at the mercy of his creditors but thanks to an understanding landlord , he is still hopeful for his business .
He told BBC Scotland : `` So when you hear the chancellor talking about support packages for viable businesses it drives me @ @ @ @ @ @ @ we have got a viable business that offers an important service to the community and it 's not a business that either the Scottish government or the UK government are seeing fit to support financially , rage is probably the best feeling I could explain . ''
Saltire has had no financial help outside the job retention scheme and the business did not qualify for any grants .
Mr Meikle has seen other businesses receive awards of up to £25,000 which have been allowed to reopen and earn money .
His frustration is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ being unable to earn .
He is not alone .
Mike Ferguson runs Forfar Indoor Sports .
He says his phone never stops ringing asking if they are open .
And he has had to watch his customers go elsewhere to venues that can open .
He said : `` We are praying that on the 15th we get going .
Heading towards something and not getting there is demoralising .
`` The furlough scheme has been excellent for staff but we now have to think seriously about letting staff go .
`` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a share of staff wages and the new rules do n't assist . ''
Mr Ferguson says he is now trying to plan for reopening without a date .
Cancellation of the 15 September deadline hit hard with training completed , deep cleans paid for and food wasted .
He said : `` If they are not coming to us they are going somewhere else .
That 's the most frustrating point of all of this . ''
A spokeswoman for the Scottish government said it understood the severe impact of the pandemic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` critical point '' as the virus continues to rise .
She said : `` Our absolute focus has been to help businesses survive and retain as much employment as possible - using the limited powers available to us and we have repeatedly urged the UK government to transfer to us the financial powers needed to fully respond to the pandemic .
`` Throughout this unprecedented economic crisis we have listened to businesses and business organisations and acted quickly to offer support which now exceeds £2.3bn .
`` Our support for businesses includes @ @ @ @ @ @ @ retail , hospitality and leisure businesses including soft play centres ; the small business grant fund and the retail , hospitality and leisure grant fund worth over £1bn ; the culture organisations and venues recovery fund which includes nightclubs .
`` We also created hardship and resilience funds unique to Scotland , with a value of £185m targeted at support for SMEs and the self-employed . ''
• RULES : What are the restrictions in Scotland ?
• LOCKDOWN : Six months that changed our lives • CASES : Where are the latest @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Four key figures to watch out for

She said: "Our absolute focus has been to help businesses survive and retain as much employment as possible - using the limited powers available to us and we have repeatedly urged the UK government to transfer to us the financial powers needed to fully respond to the pandemic.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Covid-19: 'How lockdown stopped me from breastfeeding'

Like a lot of new mums , Leonie Williams wanted to breastfeed her baby as the advice she had was `` breast is best '' .
But like many newborn babies , little Marley found it tough and Leonie `` struggled '' to get professional support as the Covid-19 crisis gripped the UK .
A new study has suggested 30 % of breastfeeding mums gave up before they wanted to during lockdown because of a `` lack of face-to-face support '' .
The Welsh Government urged women with concerns to talk to maternity staff .
Swansea University researchers said some @ @ @ @ @ @ @ NHS in its fight against coronavirus in March while house visits were stopped as the UK went under lockdown and `` vital '' breastfeeding support groups shut .
• Why breastfeed a child until the age of five ?
Apart from phone advice with her health visitor and video calls to a family with young children , Leonie felt `` isolated '' .
`` Add the fact you 're exhausted having a newborn , you 're in pain through trying to breastfeed , it 's our first baby so it 's a big @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the place - it was really tough , '' said the 29-year-old .
`` Then on top of that , you 're dealing with a global pandemic . ''
Despite Leonie 's best efforts , she `` could n't continue breastfeeding '' as it was `` too much '' so she switched to feeding Marley formula full-time after about two weeks .
Before coronavirus , the UK has some of the lowest breastfeeding rates in the world - now the lack of support during the pandemic is `` worrying '' experts who say @ @ @ @ @ @ @ down '' .
A worldwide study published in the Lancet in 2016 showed 81 % of UK mothers had tried breastfeeding at some point , but only 34 % were breastfeeding at six months and 0.5 % at 12 months .
It was below other European countries , and the US , where 79 % started , 49 % were still going after six months and 27 % after a year .
The latest research , led by Swansea University 's Professor of Child Public Health , Amy Brown , said some parents @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` what little in-person support available disappeared '' .
Mothers living in high-rise flats , with no private garden or green space nearby , or who did n't have high-speed wifi `` struggled the most '' , the study suggested .
`` The whole of maternity services has been completely let down across the board , '' Prof Brown said .
`` There are groups of women whose experiences were destroyed because they could n't get any help .
`` Health visitors did n't come because of lockdown , maternity staff were redeployed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mums did n't know where else to find support . ''
She added : `` It 's like it does n't matter .
Maternity service help is n't just a nice-to-have ; it is a major support for parents that should n't have been taken away . ''
Almost one in three of the 1,200 new mums spoken to said lockdown had a `` very negative impact on them '' and they felt `` abandoned and overwhelmed at the intensity of being alone with their baby '' .
Leonie can sympathise as , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 11oz in Bridgend on 10 March , the world `` seemed to just shut down and you felt like you were on your own '' .
`` It was a bit manic , '' she recalled .
`` The health visitor phoned after two weeks - and I still have n't seen one face to face - and I wanted to continue breastfeeding but I gave up as it was too much . ''
`` It was disappointing but I could n't , '' she said .
`` I feel guilty as they @ @ @ @ @ @ @ my best but I was exhausted , in agony and had no support . ''
Almost two months had passed and the UK was deep into lockdown when Emma Elias gave birth to her second daughter , weighing 7lbs 13.5oz , in Bridgend on 3 May - but Dahlia had `` difficulties with latching '' .
Emma 's experience , however , was slightly different as her health visitor referred the 34-year-old biomedical scientist to the area 's breastfeeding coordinator .
`` They were wonderful .
It was the only time we 'd @ @ @ @ @ @ @ appointment once a week - and they were completely invaluable , I do n't think we could 've continued without them . ''
The new study showed that 40 % of new mums surveyed did have a positive experience of breastfeeding in lockdown as their `` new baby took to breastfeeding well , they had supportive partners and were n't inundated with visitors '' .
Emma added : `` They are trying their best but there 's no replacement for face-to-face support . ''
Prof Brown now wants health boards and governments to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the mothers who struggled are `` supported appropriately '' , as the number of coronavirus cases increases again across the UK .
`` Governments and health boards need to come up with a way to work out how groups can meet safely as it seems daft to me that it 's easier to meet in a pub than get breastfeeding support , '' she said .
`` Health visitors also need to be allowed into homes with the correct protection . ''
The Welsh Government said all new mothers had `` continued to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
`` Once at home , midwives and health visitors will work with women to assess their needs and provide tailored support and targeted visits accordingly , '' a spokesman said .
`` Anyone with any concerns or who requires breastfeeding support should contact their midwife or health visitor directly . ''

"Governments and health boards need to come up with a way to work out how groups can meet safely as it seems daft to me that it's easier to meet in a pub than get breastfeeding support," she said.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Covid on campus: Partying, isolating - and sometimes both

My friend Gabriel who I knew at school , but who took a gap year and has only just arrived @ @ @ @ @ has been half-hearted about enforcing the rules , as if they did n't really expect @ @ @ @ @ It 's true that people have been bombarded with emails about social distancing , and @ @ @ @ @ taken at a party by some graduate students dressed in green uniforms - a sign @ @ @ @ @ warning - but otherwise it 's been up to the students themselves to behave responsibly @ @ @ @ @ n't .

My friend Gabriel who I knew at school, but who took a gap year and has only just arrived, also thinks the university has been half-hearted about enforcing the rules, as if they didn't really expect people to follow them. It's true that people have been bombarded with emails about social distancing, and Gabriel says his name was taken at a party by some graduate students dressed in green uniforms - a sign that he may receive a warning - but otherwise it's been up to the students themselves to behave responsibly. And inevitably some haven't.


bbcuk--2020-10-04--'Shopping around is impossible when you don't have a computer'

With little more income than the state pension , Christine Chapman is careful with her money .
The 70-year-old keeps paperwork meticulously in a filing cabinet and knows what is coming in and going out .
Her bills were cut by hundreds of pounds a year , simply by switching insurance , phone and mobile suppliers .
It all sounds like an advert for competition and the benefits of shopping around .
The widow , from County Durham , does not have a computer and does not know how to operate one .
Her smartphone is only used for calls @ @ @ @ @ @ @ She had no way of shopping around for better deals .
What she does have is a caring brother-in-law who taught IT and , after a conversation at a family gathering , realised Mrs Chapman was paying far too much on her bills .
`` She has no computer , no email address , and a router was stuck in a drawer because she did not know what to do with it , '' says her brother-in-law Stephen Harris .
`` She is like millions of vulnerable people in this country who do @ @ @ @ @ @ @ but trust big companies to treat her right . ''
Mrs Chapman was a victim of the loyalty penalty - someone who sees prices rise every year when policies or deals are renewed .
Take her home insurance .
She had been a customer with the same company for more than 30 years and was paying a premium of £575 for buildings and contents insurance for a small three-bedroom terraced home .
Mr Harris researched like-for-like policies and within 10 minutes he had found one for £80 .
`` I was surprised , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was a loyal customer , thinking I was going to be getting the best deal . ''
She still `` wo n't have anything to do with computers '' but now has a little more money to spend on her 12-month-old granddaughter .
So-called price walking is when a customer is charged more , year after year , by staying with the same insurance company - even though their risk is no greater .
The Financial Conduct Authority ( FCA ) points to an example in which a new customer for home insurance @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cover .
But for the same policy , having stayed with the same insurer for five years , that annual premium rises to £238 .
For motor insurance , new customers pay £285 while customers who have been with their provider for more than five years pay £370 , according to the FCA 's example .
Cases such as these led Citizens Advice to submit a super-complaint two years ago , demanding action on the loyalty penalty across the mobile , broadband , home insurance , mortgage and savings sectors .
Super-complaints are @ @ @ @ @ @ @ more serious issues , and require a response by law from the authorities subject to the complaint .
In this area , there has been progress , but there remains `` room for improvement '' , according to the charity 's chief executive , Dame Gillian Guy .
Particularly pressing , according to its survey , is that one in four people asked found it more difficult to switch providers during lockdown .
`` At a time when many people are struggling to pay their bills because of coronavirus , it 's simply @ @ @ @ @ @ @ away with exploiting their loyal customers , '' Dame Gillian says .
So what is the answer to making the system fairer ?
Encouraging people to switch , and making it easier to do so ?
Businesses giving vulnerable customers targeted help ?
Or a total overhaul of the rules ?
All three are being tried in home and motor insurance , a sector that the UK 's financial regulator estimated was still overcharging loyal customers by £1.2bn a year .
Initially , people were given more information to encourage them to switch @ @ @ @ @ @ @ as clear details of how much they paid the previous year , alongside a quote for the next year .
Insurers then stepped up with a scheme in which they review prices , particularly for those who have been with the same company for five years or more .
The Association of British Insurers said there had been 8.5 million `` pricing interventions '' as a result , saving people between £40 and £150 each on their annual premiums .
That is not enough , according to the City watchdog , the Financial @ @ @ @ @ @ @ has proposed `` radical '' reforms to save consumers £3.7bn over 10 years .
If adopted , the plans would see anyone renewing their policy paying no more than they would as a new customer , .
So those buying , for example , online would get the equivalent deal , whether renewing or a new customer .
That would still prevent people such as Mrs Chapman , who do not have internet access , from getting the very cheapest deals .
It could also result in price rises for those who do @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , it should stop so-called price walking - which sees the cost rise at every annual renewal .
In other sectors regulators have also taken some action : • In mobile and broadband , Ofcom has secured commitments from companies to cut the costs for out-of-contract customers , but Citizens Advice says this is not yet universal • In finance , proposals should see banks setting a single long-term interest rate for all easy access savings accounts from next year • In the mortgage sector , the FCA is investigating whether vulnerable people @ @ @ @ @ @ @ year average extra cost of staying with the same lender The Citizens Advice survey suggested eight in 10 people were still paying some kind of loyalty penalty .
For some , that may only result in spending a few pounds a year more than they need to .
For others , it could make a huge difference to their finances .
Mr Harris - who saw the cost at first hand - is now concerned about other vulnerable people , particularly those isolated during the pandemic , who are still paying too much @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Despite all the investigations and proposals for action , he says one basic principle should be addressed .
`` All we 'd like is fairness , '' he says .
`` But those least able to afford it are paying more . ''
How to start beating the loyalty penalty Switching is not always easy , but the government-backed Money and Pensions Service has some tips for consumers : • Haggle on deals such as broadband contracts - find out exactly what is being offered elsewhere and ring up your provider , select @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , and get through to the retention or disconnection team • A pay-as-you-go mobile phone does not require a credit check , so this could be a better option for those with a chequered credit history • The mobile phone handset makes the biggest difference to your bill .
If you are happy with your handset , or can buy one separately , consider switching to a SIM-only deal • When choosing insurance , check more than one price comparison website as they do not all cover the same companies , work out @ @ @ @ @ @ @ if choosing home and contents insurance from the same provider is cheaper To hear more about the loyalty penalty , listen to Money Box Live on BBC Sounds

The widow, from County Durham, does not have a computer and does not know how to operate one. Her smartphone is only used for calls and messages to family and friends. She had no way of shopping around for better deals.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Black miners in Wales: Ex-footballer explores little-known history

Black miners played an integral role in the story of the Welsh coal industry , but it 's a story that has rarely been told .
Historian Norma Gregory , who has been exploring the story of black miners across the UK , says she was initially told there had been none working in Welsh collieries .
But through a `` very hard , long search '' , Ms Gregory believes about 200 black miners worked in the country from the 1800s onwards .
Former Wales international footballer Nathan Blake features in Wales ' Black Miners , a documentary in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Mr Blake was shocked to discover how little he knew about the history of black miners and their work in the pits of south Wales .
`` It 's about understanding how we are in a minority , how black people have been made to accept racism as everyday life if they wanted to get on in life , '' he said .
`` It 's more in the background ( now ) , but back in those days , it was prevalent everywhere .
You could n't leave the mine and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ because it was there as well . ''
Mr Blake said it is something black people face to this day , with the question `` where are you from ? ''
and the assumption `` you have dark skin , you ca n't be British '' .
`` I 'm a very proud Welshman - wearing red for my country I 've shown that Wales is n't made up of just one colour , '' he said .
`` But I feel that black miners tell us more about a multi-cultural Wales than @ @ @ @ @ @ @ said she hopes the documentary will inspire black Welsh people to find more about the history of the country they call home .
`` Hopefully it will give them inspiration to ask questions and not necessarily believe everything you read or are taught at school , '' she said .
`` We are going through a global process of reassessing our history . ''
Mr Blake said he had since learned that his grandfather was a miner when he first moved to Cardiff from Africa .
As he attempts to track down the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to former pit villages and talks to former miners about their attitudes towards their black colleagues and the so-called `` banter '' they faced when they came to Wales .
Having experienced racism throughout his life , Mr Blake said he was able to relate to what it must have been like for black miners at the time .
`` They had to accept it - there was no alternative , '' he said .
`` You could n't just go to another job .
Black people had to go through a lot @ @ @ @ @ @ @ just swallow it .
• Why do Welsh place names appear around the world ?
• Legacy of the miners ' strike in Wales '' That 's the most powerful thing I will take take from it because I remember as a child I was in that same position .
`` I can really relate to their experiences and I have a massive amount of respect for them . ''
Mr Blake meets the family of Idris Phillips , from Senghenydd , Caerphilly county , who died of Covid-19 during filming .
Mr @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and , despite facing racism in his community , rose to a management position and was one of the coordinators of the rescue at the site of the Aberfan disaster .
His family explain how much he loved his job , how proud he was of mining and how he would say `` we 're all black underground '' .
Wales ' Black Miners airs on BBC One Wales at 20:30 BST on Monday , 5 October , and BBC iPlayer shortly after .

"They had to accept it - there was no alternative," he said. "You couldn't just go to another job. Black people had to go through a lot to get acceptance. They had to just swallow it.


bbcuk--2020-10-04--Marlow warlord's remains part of 'key archaeological site'

Dr Thomas said : `` What we found exceeded all our expectations and provides new insights into this stretch of @ @ @ @ @ after the collapse of the Roman administration in Britain . ''

Dr Thomas said: "What we found exceeded all our expectations and provides new insights into this stretch of the Thames in the decades after the collapse of the Roman administration in Britain."


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Summer transfer window 2020: Who might be on the move on deadline day?

Last updated on .From the section Premier League After 10 weeks of rumours , speculation and eye-catching deals , there remains plenty to be cleared up on the summer transfer window 's deadline day .
But what else could still be in store ?
The window officially closes at 23:00 BST on Monday , 5 October - though a domestic-only window will continue to run until 17:00 BST on 16 October .
That will allow Premier League clubs to trade with their English Football League counterparts only , with transfers between top-flight clubs not permitted in that extended window .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ clubs have spent £1.12bn so far this transfer window - down 13 % on the five-year average .
Last summer 's total transfer spend was £1.41bn , according to Deloitte , with £170m spent on deadline day itself .
Here are some of the names in the frame for a move on deadline day .
• None All the done deals during the summer 2020 transfer window Perhaps the biggest question on deadline day is whether Manchester United are prepared to improve on their reportedly rejected £91.3m bid for number one transfer target @ @ @ @ @ @ @ linked with Borussia Dortmund 's England forward throughout the summer window , despite the Bundesliga side setting their own deadline of 10 August for a deal to be agreed .
Dortmund are believed to want more than £100m for Sancho - but even if United meet their demands at this late stage , will Dortmund be willing to sell with limited time to find a replacement ?
French champions Paris St-Germain are interested in Dele Alli but Tottenham sources insist they expect the England forward to stay and fight for his place .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Spurs on a season-long loan , increasing competition in Jose Mourinho 's squad .
When asked about Alli 's future , Mourinho simply responded that he wanted `` a balanced squad '' and more recently added that he has a `` squad with numbers that are very difficult to manage '' .
With PSG hovering , could Alli be the one to make way ?
Former Paris St-Germain striker Edinson Cavani is expected to join Manchester United on Monday .
The Uruguay international has been in talks with the club and it is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on what could be a two-year contract .
Cavani is out of contract having left Paris St-Germain at the end of June and left under a cloud following a disagreement with Neymar .
Crystal Palace manager Roy Hodgson admitted earlier in September that forward Wilfried Zaha `` hopes a big club comes in and takes him from us '' but is adamant the club will not accept a late bid for their star player .
The Ivory Coast international was linked with moves to Arsenal and Everton in 2019 , but there have @ @ @ @ @ @ @ away from Selhurst Park this time around .
Zaha has scored three goals in a promising start to the season , so will anyone be tempted to move for the 27-year-old 's services ?
With several senior players absent through injury , Burnley and Sean Dyche are desperate for reinforcements .
The Clarets made contact with Liverpool over a potential move for Wales international Harry Wilson in September , with the Reds not open to a loan deal after the young winger spent last season at Bournemouth .
Wilson has been linked with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ended , including promoted side Leeds United .
Lyon president Jean-Michel Aulas tweeted in September to confirm Arsenal had fallen short of his valuation with a bid for 22-year-old France midfielder Houssem Aouar .
In response , the Gunners are reportedly prepared to increase their offer to Lyon , with Juventus and PSG also thought to be keen on Aouar .
Aulas confirmed to L'Equipe that three clubs with Champions League pedigree are keen on the France Under-21 international , who is under contract until 2023 .
Any potential deal for Aouar would @ @ @ @ @ @ @ at Emirates Stadium had reached its end .
The Germany midfielder , 31 , moved from Real Madrid for £42.4m in September 2013 and has fallen out of favour under current manager Mikel Arteta .
Ozil insisted in August he will remain at the club `` through to the last day '' of his contract which expires in June 2021 , adding : `` I 'll decide when I go . ''
The Italian ruled out a late move for the 22-year-old - who moved to Old Trafford from Swansea for £15m last @ @ @ @ @ @ @ wants to add a winger this window .
Movement here could depend on Manchester United 's ability to sign a new forward .
Having been left out of the side for Liverpool 's Carabao Cup tie against Arsenal , Swiss midfielder Xherdan Shaqiri looks destined to leave Anfield sooner or later in search of regular minutes .
Manager Jurgen Klopp confirmed Shaqiri was not absent because of injury or disciplinary reasons as he appears to work on securing a move away .
Serie A side Lazio and Europa League champions Sevilla were thought @ @ @ @ @ @ @ January and could yet return with late bids on Monday .
Burnley rejected a £30m offer from Premier League rivals Leicester City in September , having already turned down three bids from West Ham , with the last also thought to be around £30m .
The England centre-back made his first appearance of the season in Wednesday 's EFL Cup defeat by Manchester City following a toe injury - and , before Saturday 's game against Newcastle , manager Dyche appeared confident of keeping hold of one of his key players .
After @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for Aston Villa on loan , Ruben Loftus-Cheek could be another Chelsea player to seek at least a temporary move following the Blues ' influx of new names .
The England international midfielder is in need of minutes following his return from an Achilles injury and a loan move this season may suit both club and player - and potentially West Ham , should Rice agitate for a transfer .
Bayern Munich 's interest in Callum Hudson-Odoi , 19 , has sparked a sense of deja-vu .
The German giants had a £35m @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Bayern are looking to sign the England forward on loan , with an option to buy .
Hudson-Odoi has started Chelsea 's past two games but will face increased competition this season after Timo Werner , Kai Havertz and Hakim Ziyech signed in the summer .
Boss Frank Lampard has said he is open to a loan move , but on Saturday said Hudson-Odoi was part of his plans .
The decision could rest in the player 's hands .
Another player who could depart Stamford Bridge is Marcos Alonso after Chelsea brought @ @ @ @ @ @ @ £45m .
Former Chelsea manager and current Inter Milan boss Antonio Conte is said to be interested in taking the Spain international to Serie A and may well get his wish with the Blues seeking to offload players .
You can add Antonio Rudiger to that list , too .
The Germany centre-back has been snubbed by Lampard since the start of the new season but remains highly regarded in Germany and around Europe .
However , Rudiger may not need to travel far for his solution , with London rivals Tottenham leading @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the window shuts .
Should Manchester United fail to make progress with number one target Sancho as the deadline day clock ticks down , they may seek an alternative in Barcelona 's Dembele .
The France forward has featured just once for Barcelona under new manager Ronald Koeman this season - and Koeman said `` it is up to what he thinks '' when recently questioned on Dembele 's future .
Napoli manager Gennaro Gattuso admitted he will be nervous about a late bid for his Senegal centre-back Kalidou Koulibaly right up until @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Manchester City appear to have found the answer to their defensive concerns in new signing Ruben Dias , Manchester United 's defensive woes continue and Paris St-Germain are also rumoured to be interested in the 29-year-old .
Manchester United 's England international centre-back Chris Smalling has been training on his own since returning from his loan move from Roma - and that is where he would like to return .
But United are yet to find any agreement with the Serie A side and if a resolution is not reached it could effectively @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Trafford .
Will he get his transfer wish ?
Barcelona manager Ronald Koeman has made no secret of the fact he would like to sign Manchester City teenage Spanish defender Eric Garcia before the deadline .
However , City want £30m for Garcia and that price tag is proving a sticking point .
The Premier League side could lower that to receive some money for a player currently set to leave for free next summer when his current deal expires .
Manchester United are set to sign Brazilian full-back Alex Telles after agreeing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ been struggling to finalise terms with the Portuguese club but have now agreed a fee of 15m euros ( £13.6m ) , plus 2m euros ( £1.8m ) in add-ons .
Telles , 27 , will have his medical on Monday before signing a four-year contract with option of a further year .
Telles , who has one cap for Brazil , has scored 21 goals in 127 games for Porto .
Everton manager Carlo Ancelotti has told Yannick Bolasie he does not have room for him in his squad after spending big @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Abdoulaye Doucoure and Allan this summer .
The Italian said the winger , who has not featured this season , was welcome to stay and train with the Toffees should he be unable to find a new club - and Bolasie is running out of time if he is to avoid spending a season watching from the stands .
• None Me , My Brother and Our Balls : • None New series of the quirky comedy is streaming now

Last updated on .From the section Premier League
After 10 weeks of rumours, speculation and eye-catching deals, there remains plenty to be cleared up on the summer transfer window's deadline day.
The effects of the coronavirus pandemic have limited the spending powers of many, while others have still been able to splash out on big-money signings.
But what else could still be in store?
The window officially closes at 23:00 BST on Monday, 5 October - though a domestic-only window will continue to run until 17:00 BST on 16 October.
That will allow Premier League clubs to trade with their English Football League counterparts only, with transfers between top-flight clubs not permitted in that extended window.
According to Carteret Analytics, Premier League clubs have spent £1.12bn so far this transfer window - down 13% on the five-year average. Last summer's total transfer spend was £1.41bn, according to Deloitte, with £170m spent on deadline day itself.
Here are some of the names in the frame for a move on deadline day.
Jadon Sancho (20, Borussia Dortmund)
Linked with: Manchester United
Perhaps the biggest question on deadline day is whether Manchester United are prepared to improve on their reportedly rejected £91.3m bid for number one transfer target Jadon Sancho.
United have been heavily linked with Borussia Dortmund's England forward throughout the summer window, despite the Bundesliga side setting their own deadline of 10 August for a deal to be agreed.
Dortmund are believed to want more than £100m for Sancho - but even if United meet their demands at this late stage, will Dortmund be willing to sell with limited time to find a replacement?
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Dele Alli (24, Tottenham Hotspur)
Linked with: Paris St-Germain
French champions Paris St-Germain are interested in Dele Alli but Tottenham sources insist they expect the England forward to stay and fight for his place.
Real Madrid forward Gareth Bale returned to Spurs on a season-long loan, increasing competition in Jose Mourinho's squad.
When asked about Alli's future, Mourinho simply responded that he wanted "a balanced squad" and more recently added that he has a "squad with numbers that are very difficult to manage". With PSG hovering, could Alli be the one to make way?
Edinson Cavani (33, free agent)
Linked with: Manchester United
Former Paris St-Germain striker Edinson Cavani is expected to join Manchester United on Monday.
The Uruguay international has been in talks with the club and it is growing increasingly likely the 33-year-old will join on what could be a two-year contract.
Cavani is out of contract having left Paris St-Germain at the end of June and left under a cloud following a disagreement with Neymar.
Wilfried Zaha (27, Crystal Palace)
Linked with: Arsenal, Everton
Crystal Palace manager Roy Hodgson admitted earlier in September that forward Wilfried Zaha "hopes a big club comes in and takes him from us" but is adamant the club will not accept a late bid for their star player.
The Ivory Coast international was linked with moves to Arsenal and Everton in 2019, but there have been no official attempts to lure him away from Selhurst Park this time around.
Zaha has scored three goals in a promising start to the season, so will anyone be tempted to move for the 27-year-old's services?
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Harry Wilson (23, Liverpool)
Linked with: Burnley
With several senior players absent through injury, Burnley and Sean Dyche are desperate for reinforcements.
The Clarets made contact with Liverpool over a potential move for Wales international Harry Wilson in September, with the Reds not open to a loan deal after the young winger spent last season at Bournemouth.
Wilson has been linked with several clubs since his spell at Bournemouth ended, including promoted side Leeds United.
Houssem Aouar (22, Lyon)
Linked with external-link : Arsenal, Paris St-Germain, Juventus
Lyon president Jean-Michel Aulas tweeted external-link in September to confirm Arsenal had fallen short of his valuation with a bid for 22-year-old France midfielder Houssem Aouar.
In response, the Gunners are reportedly prepared to increase their offer to Lyon, with Juventus and PSG also thought to be keen on Aouar.
Aulas confirmed to L'Equipe external-link that three clubs with Champions League pedigree are keen on the France Under-21 international, who is under contract until 2023.
Mesut Ozil (31, Arsenal)
Linked with external-link : Fenerbahce, Istanbul Basaksehir
Any potential deal for Aouar would almost certainly confirm Mesut Ozil's time at Emirates Stadium had reached its end.
The Germany midfielder, 31, moved from Real Madrid for £42.4m in September 2013 and has fallen out of favour under current manager Mikel Arteta.
Ozil insisted in August he will remain at the club "through to the last day" of his contract which expires in June 2021, adding: "I'll decide when I go."
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Daniel James (22, Manchester United)
Linked with external-link : Leeds United
Leeds United owner Andrea Radrizzani has confirmed Manchester United's Wales winger Daniel James heads the promoted side's transfer wishlist.
The Italian ruled out a late move for the 22-year-old - who moved to Old Trafford from Swansea for £15m last summer - but manager Marcelo Bielsa still wants to add a winger this window.
Movement here could depend on Manchester United's ability to sign a new forward.
Xherdan Shaqiri (28, Liverpool)
Linked with external-link : Lazio, Sevilla
Having been left out of the side for Liverpool's Carabao Cup tie against Arsenal, Swiss midfielder Xherdan Shaqiri looks destined to leave Anfield sooner or later in search of regular minutes.
Manager Jurgen Klopp confirmed Shaqiri was not absent because of injury or disciplinary reasons as he appears to work on securing a move away.
Serie A side Lazio and Europa League champions Sevilla were thought to be keen on the 28-year-old in January and could yet return with late bids on Monday.
James Tarkowski (27, Burnley)
Linked with: Leicester City, West Ham
Burnley rejected a £30m offer from Premier League rivals Leicester City in September, having already turned down three bids from West Ham, with the last also thought to be around £30m.
The England centre-back made his first appearance of the season in Wednesday's EFL Cup defeat by Manchester City following a toe injury - and, before Saturday's game against Newcastle, manager Dyche appeared confident of keeping hold of one of his key players.
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Ruben Loftus-Cheek (24, Chelsea)
Linked with external-link : West Ham, Southampton, Aston Villa
After team-mate Ross Barkley was allowed to leave for Aston Villa on loan, Ruben Loftus-Cheek could be another Chelsea player to seek at least a temporary move following the Blues' influx of new names.
The England international midfielder is in need of minutes following his return from an Achilles injury and a loan move this season may suit both club and player - and potentially West Ham, should Rice agitate for a transfer.
Callum Hudson-Odoi (19, Chelsea)
Linked with: external-link Bayern Munich
Bayern Munich's interest in Callum Hudson-Odoi, 19, has sparked a sense of deja-vu.
The German giants had a £35m bid rejected in January 2019. Now Bayern are looking to sign the England forward on loan, with an option to buy.
Hudson-Odoi has started Chelsea's past two games but will face increased competition this season after Timo Werner, Kai Havertz and Hakim Ziyech signed in the summer.
Boss Frank Lampard has said he is open to a loan move, but on Saturday said Hudson-Odoi was part of his plans. The decision could rest in the player's hands.
Marcos Alonso (29, Chelsea)
Linked with external-link : Inter Milan
Another player who could depart Stamford Bridge is Marcos Alonso after Chelsea brought in left-back Ben Chilwell from Leicester for £45m.
Former Chelsea manager and current Inter Milan boss Antonio Conte is said to be interested in taking the Spain international to Serie A and may well get his wish with the Blues seeking to offload players.
Antonio Rudiger (27, Chelsea)
Linked with external-link : Tottenham
You can add Antonio Rudiger to that list, too. The Germany centre-back has been snubbed by Lampard since the start of the new season but remains highly regarded in Germany and around Europe.
However, Rudiger may not need to travel far for his solution, with London rivals Tottenham leading the way to land his services before the window shuts.
Ousmane Dembele (23, Barcelona)
Linked with external-link : Manchester United
Should Manchester United fail to make progress with number one target Sancho as the deadline day clock ticks down, they may seek an alternative in Barcelona's Dembele.
The France forward has featured just once for Barcelona under new manager Ronald Koeman this season - and Koeman said external-link "it is up to what he thinks" when recently questioned on Dembele's future.
Kalidou Koulibaly (29, Napoli)
Linked with: Manchester City, Manchester United, Paris St-Germain
Napoli manager Gennaro Gattuso admitted external-link he will be nervous about a late bid for his Senegal centre-back Kalidou Koulibaly right up until the transfer window's conclusion.
Though Manchester City appear to have found the answer to their defensive concerns in new signing Ruben Dias, Manchester United's defensive woes continue and Paris St-Germain are also rumoured to be interested in the 29-year-old.
Chris Smalling (30, Manchester United)
Linked with: Roma
Manchester United's England international centre-back Chris Smalling has been training on his own since returning from his loan move from Roma - and that is where he would like to return.
But United are yet to find any agreement with the Serie A side and if a resolution is not reached it could effectively turn Smalling into an outcast at Old Trafford. Will he get his transfer wish?
Eric Garcia (19, Manchester City)
Linked with: Barcelona
Barcelona manager Ronald Koeman has made no secret external-link of the fact he would like to sign Manchester City teenage Spanish defender Eric Garcia before the deadline.
However, City want £30m for Garcia and that price tag is proving a sticking point. The Premier League side could lower that to receive some money for a player currently set to leave for free next summer when his current deal expires.
Alex Telles (27, Porto)
Linked with: Manchester United
Manchester United are set to sign Brazilian full-back Alex Telles after agreeing a deal with Porto.
United had been struggling to finalise terms with the Portuguese club but have now agreed a fee of 15m euros (£13.6m), plus 2m euros (£1.8m) in add-ons.
Telles, 27, will have his medical on Monday before signing a four-year contract with option of a further year.
Telles, who has one cap for Brazil, has scored 21 goals in 127 games for Porto.
Yannick Bolasie (31, Everton)
Everton manager Carlo Ancelotti has told Yannick Bolasie he does not have room for him in his squad after spending big on a new midfield in James Rodriguez, Abdoulaye Doucoure and Allan this summer.
The Italian said the winger, who has not featured this season, was welcome to stay and train with the Toffees should he be unable to find a new club - and Bolasie is running out of time if he is to avoid spending a season watching from the stands.


bbcuk--2020-10-04--The woman who wants everyone to get a pension

The BBC 's weekly The Boss series profiles different business leaders from around the world .
This week we speak to Romi Savova , founder and chief executive of pension firm PensionBee .
After working in the financial industry for six years , Romi Savova says that she thought that transferring all her pensions to one provider would be easy .
At the time , in 2014 , she was leaving her job at the London office of US investment bank giant Morgan Stanley to join a tech company .
But she very quickly realised her assumption about moving her @ @ @ @ @ @ @ financial advisors [ for help ] , who did n't call me back for three years , '' she says .
`` Because I was n't an attractive customer .
`` I had a meaningful pension , but it was n't worth hundreds of thousands of pounds , like some of their clients . ''
When she did find a new pension provider , she says the process of switching was difficult , `` with 20 pages of information to check through '' , and all sorts of fees thrown at her .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ in finance all my working life , what must it be like for people who do n't ? ''
With that in mind , Romi realised that she had an idea for a new business - an online and app-based pension firm that allowed people to quickly and simply consolidate all their pension pots in one place .
`` I started talking to everyone I know , to see what story they had about pensions , '' says Romi , 35 .
`` Everyone had one or more pensions that they knew very @ @ @ @ @ @ @ access to , and wanted to know they were getting good value . ''
So taking a leap of faith , in 2014 she began work on creating PensionBee with her friend Jonathan Lister Parsons .
He ran a small tech business , and they had met at a start-up networking event in London .
Securing £1m in funding from investors , both quit their jobs in 2015 , and they launched the business a year later .
Romi took the chief executive role , while Jonathan remains the chief technology officer .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ pensions via PensionBee , and it has 100,000 active users .
It makes its money by charging an annual fee .
Looking back , Romi says that the first few years of the business could be `` challenging '' .
`` When you start a business from scratch there are long , sleepless nights , and adrenaline-fuelled days where you need to be doing anything , and everything , and there 's no-one else to help you . ''
The London-based business quickly grew though , helped by growing awareness in the UK @ @ @ @ @ @ @ came as the UK government increased the age at which people get the state pension , and at the same time introduced auto-enrolment , whereby firms have to set up pensions for their staff .
To help fuel its growth , PensionBee has now received more than £28m in total funding from investment firms .
It offers its customers pension funds managed by industry heavyweights such as BlackRock , HSBC and Legal & General .
Romi , who was born in Romania , and then raised in South Africa , says that everyone @ @ @ @ @ @ @ they can afford '' towards their pension .
Laura Blows , editor of Pensions Age magazine , says that PensionBee has shaken up the sector .
`` It is a young company within an old industry , being a leading example of how the sector can modernise the way it serves its clients , through the use of technology , and the focus on ease of user experience . ''
Romi says that unlike many companies and sectors of the economy , PensionBee has grown strongly during the continuing coronavirus pandemic .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ three months from March was said to be 37 % higher than in the previous quarter .
`` Everyone was doing some level of reorganisation , whether that was for their house or admin , '' says Romi , who went to university in the US .
The company now has 102 employees , and while it may sound corny , Romi insists that `` one of our unique values is love '' .
So how does the company show love ?
`` I really wanted to create a place where people can @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ethnicity or sexual orientation , `` she says .
`` In big companies you have to hide who you are .
[ And ] we have equal parental leave for mums and dads , with six months fully paid leave . ''
The company is also due to introduce a new fund that does not include any investment in fossil fuel firms .
Romi says this is in response to the requests of some customers .
• The black-owned coffee firm that became a bestseller • How her own illness led one woman @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The women behind one of Gucci 's most-liked Insta posts • The search engine boss who wants to help us all plant trees Looking ahead , she says that the focus of the business will remain the UK .
`` We always keep overseas in review , but in reality there are so many people in the UK who we have n't reached and need helping . ''
But being so engulfed in the world of pensions , does Romi - a mum of two young children - ever think about her own @ @ @ @ @ @ @ see myself not working , '' she says .
`` I 've definitely tried holidaying , and I can make it through a week , but at that point I really miss things .
`` I do n't know yet what my retirement will look like .
I do n't think it works the same for everyone .
I look at my parents , and my dad is in his late 60s , and he is still working . ''

"I started talking to everyone I know, to see what story they had about pensions," says Romi, 35. "Everyone had one or more pensions that they knew very little about, wished they had online access to, and wanted to know they were getting good value."


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Newspaper headlines: Trump 'back soon' and 'fiasco over Covid count'

Kate Bingham says that if a vaccine 's found it will be given to adults only , and targeted at @ @ @ @ @ with the aim being to vaccinate about 30 million people out of a population of @ @ @ @

Kate Bingham says that if a vaccine's found it will be given to adults only, and targeted at those most at risk - with the aim being to vaccinate about 30 million people out of a population of about 67 million.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Derby school fires: Second school damaged within 48 hours

`` [ My daughter ] had just started to get used to going and now we do n't know where @ @ @ @ @ quite upsetting , '' she said .

He said "Sprinklers are one of a range of fire safety measures that would not only protect our schools from fire and prevent injuries, but they would also protect against costly rebuilds and of course, protect against the stress and anxiety caused to the children who need their education."


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Coronavirus: Queen's University investigating 'reckless' behaviour

Queen 's University ( QUB ) has launched an investigation into what it has called `` irresponsible and reckless behaviour '' by some students in its halls of residence .
In an email to students , the university said `` disciplinary measures '' could result .
It took place in an area of the Elms BT9 student village on 1 October .
In a statement , QUB said it was `` aware of a video showing students on university premises breaching public health guidelines , putting their safety and the safety of those around them at risk '' .
On @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 100 students in the halls of residence had been told to self-isolate .
That came after about 30 students living in the Elms halls had tested positive for Covid-19 .
Elms BT9 is an extensive site on Belfast 's Malone Road , about 10 minutes walk from the university campus .
It is run by QUB and houses mainly first-year undergraduate students .
• Can I get a refund from my university this year ?
The email to students from the QUB registrar Joanne Clague was titled : `` Student breaches of public @ @ @ @ @ @ @ students who had followed Covid-19 guidelines `` despite the current challenges and restrictions that we are all having to live with '' .
`` I know that this has required many of you to make sacrifices at the start to the academic year and I applaud your maturity and responsibility in doing so , '' she said .
However , Ms Clague said the university was aware of a `` small group '' of students in university accommodation who had failed `` to act responsibly '' .
`` This irresponsible and reckless behaviour @ @ @ @ @ @ @ other members of the Queen 's community at risk and can not be tolerated , '' she wrote .
`` An investigation has been launched and disciplinary measures will be applied robustly in line with the student code of conduct regulations .
`` Many of you will be aware of circumstances in other universities where access to facilities and the freedom of students in university accommodation has been curtailed to mandate adherence to public health guidelines , '' Ms Clague continued .
`` At Queen 's , we have respectfully chosen to treat @ @ @ @ @ @ @ expectation that they act responsibly .
`` It is very disappointing that some students appear to have abused that trust .
`` A number of interventions have been made immediately to ensure a similar situation is not allowed to happen again . ''
Ms Clague also wrote it was `` with regret '' that Queen 's had to discipline some students for off-campus behaviour .
`` Some of the commentary and coverage of students in recent weeks has not been representative of the broader student body , '' she continued .
`` This @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the university is forced to take action that affects all of you because a small proportion of students have not acted appropriately . ''
Ms Clague concluded the email by saying if public health guidance was not followed by everyone , tighter restrictions were `` inevitable '' .
A number of universities across the UK have seen significant numbers of Covid-19 cases despite many degree courses being taught mainly online .

"I know that this has required many of you to make sacrifices at the start to the academic year and I applaud your maturity and responsibility in doing so," she said.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Coronavirus: 'Rolling lockdowns' will become norm in Wales

People in Wales should `` get ready '' for rolling lockdowns over the winter months , Wales ' chief medical officer has said .
Dr Frank Atherton said Wales could be `` going in and out of those restrictions over the next few months '' .
Latest figures now show rising rates in Gwynedd and Ceredigion , which may put them at risk of also facing new restrictions .
Public Health Wales recorded 21 new cases of Covid-19 in Gwynedd on Sunday , which pushed its weekly infection rate to 47 per 100,000 of the population .
Ceredigion is now @ @ @ @ @ @ @ population .
Both counties have reported cases linked to students , with face-to-face teaching suspended for a time in Aberystwyth .
Mr Atherton also said it was not `` too surprising '' to see outbreaks in some university communities .
`` We saw that in Swansea , Aberystwyth and recently the same picture up in Bangor , '' he said .
• Lockdown in Wales : What are the rules ?
`` I hope that they would be containable in the student population .
We do n't want those outbreaks to leak into @ @ @ @ @ @ @ out of of Wales ' 22 counties are now facing local lockdown restrictions .
Gwynedd and Anglesey are the only two authorities in north Wales not under local lockdown restrictions .
Yesterday , Public Health Wales reported 432 people have tested positive for coronavirus , with no further deaths .
Speaking to BBC Radio Wales ' Breakfast programme , Dr Atherton said he thinks areas will be `` coming in and out '' of local lockdown restrictions over the coming winter months .
`` I think people need to get ready for that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ We decide whether local restrictions are needed , and I suspect we may be going in and out of those restrictions over the next few months .
`` If the number of cases per 100,000 over a seven day period , comes down to below the 50 per 100,000 level , we can start to think with the local authority , in partnership with them about lifting the restrictions .
`` The worst thing is to lift them too early , '' he said .
How and when are local lockdowns triggered ?
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ officials , the Welsh Government and local authorities to assess how , when and where an area may need to face additional coronavirus restrictions .
Officials want to know two things - the rate of infection and the percentage of positive tests coming back in a community .
• An area will be placed on a `` watch list '' when cases hit 15 per 100,000 of the population over a seven day period .
Health officials and local authorities will meet to discuss the situation • Amber : When an area hits @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 2.5 % of tests are positive , it is considered to be in an amber warning stage .
Officials will want to establish whether there is a pattern to the cases .
Is this an isolated cluster - or wider community transmission ?
• Red : As cases approach 50 per 100,000 , with a 5 % positive test rate , an area moves to the stage where active intervention will be considered - such as local lockdown restrictions One of the key questions for health officials is identifying wider community transmission , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , infection rates spiked in some communities linked to incidents at meat processing plants on Anglesey , Wrexham and Merthyr Tydfil .
However , the source of the infection was known and isolated - and no further local lockdown measures were required .
However , in the case of Caerphilly , no individual cluster could be found , and measures were introduced , making it the very first council area to face such measures .
In north Wales , while infection rates were lower in places such as Conwy , a much higher @ @ @ @ @ @ @ populations meant a higher health risk , prompting action there .
• SOCIAL DISTANCING : How have rules on meeting friends changed ?
• FACE MASKS : When do I need to wear one ?
• TESTING : How do I get a virus test ?
• SYMPTOMS : What are they and how to guard against them ?
• LOOK-UP TOOL : How many cases in your area ?

"If the number of cases per 100,000 over a seven day period, comes down to below the 50 per 100,000 level, we can start to think with the local authority, in partnership with them about lifting the restrictions.


bbcuk--2020-10-05--Boris Johnson will pledge £160m for offshore wind power

Boris Johnson will promise to `` build back greener '' in his conference speech on Tuesday , announcing new investment into offshore wind energy .
He will pledge £160m to upgrade ports and factories for building turbines , and set a target to produce electricity to power every UK home by 2030 .
The plan aims to create 2,000 jobs in construction and support 60,000 more .
The prime minister will say the move `` sets us on our path towards a green industrial revolution '' .
Mr Johnson 's speech comes after the PM made a pledge at a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to protect 30 % of UK land for nature as a `` boost for biodiversity '' .
• The week Boris Johnson turned green , or did he ?
• Covid crisis does little to slow climate change The scheme will see the money invested into manufacturing in Teesside and Humber in Northern England , as well as sites in Scotland and Wales .
The government believes it will lead to wider growth in the industry by 2030 , with the UK becoming `` the world leader in clean wind energy '' .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ a ten-point plan for a `` green industrial revolution '' from the government , with No 10 promising the rest of the details later this year to `` accelerate our progress towards net zero emissions by 2050 '' .
Mr Johnson will tell the Conservative Party 's virtual conference he believes that in 10 years ' time , `` offshore wind will be powering every home in the country '' .
`` Your kettle , your washing machine , your cooker , your heating , your plug-in electric vehicle - the whole lot @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and without guilt from the breezes that blow around these islands .
`` Far out in the deepest waters we will harvest the gusts , and by upgrading infrastructure in places like Teesside and Humber and Scotland and Wales , we will increase an offshore wind capacity that is already the biggest in the world . ''
The PM will also repeat his pledge for the UK to become the `` Saudi Arabia of wind power '' , adding : `` As Saudi Arabia is to oil , the UK is to wind @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , but in the case of wind without the carbon emissions and without the damage to the environment . ''

The PM also repeated his pledge for the UK to become the "Saudi Arabia of wind power", adding: "As Saudi Arabia is to oil, the UK is to wind - a place of almost limitless resource, but in the case of wind without the carbon emissions and without the damage to the environment."