bbcuk--2020-02-10--Scottish salmon producers warn of 'huge' Brexit burden

Salmon farmers face `` huge unnecessary burdens '' and a loss of market share under UK government plans for Brexit .
The chief executive of the Scottish Salmon Producers Organisation ( SSPO ) said firms were being told to prepare for trade barriers with the EU .
The industry is also warning that added red tape could see £9m on costs and delays to the departure of fresh fish .
The UK government said it would inform producers later this year on the measures they needed to take .
SSPO chief executive Julie Hesketh-Laird said planned changes would require salmon @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for every consignment , signed by a vet or health official .
She warned that could mean up to 100,000 certificates a year , with the cost estimated at up to £9m annually , depending on the fees set by councils .
Producers said that such a process would delay the departure of fresh fish , in addition to expected delays at Channel ports .
Ms Hesketh-Laird said producers were also concerned that the long-term relationship with Europe could see a 2 % tariff on fresh fish rising to 13 % for smoked @ @ @ @ @ @ @ exports at a disadvantage , creating an opportunity for Irish , Norwegian , Faroese and Canadian exporters to gain market share .
Firms are also concerned that salmon exports could become entangled in the looming battle over access to fish stocks in UK waters after the end of this year .
Salmon farming plays no part in the Common Fisheries Policy , but exports could be penalised by the EU if its boats do not retain a large share of the catch quotas in UK waters .
It comes as salmon exporters into @ @ @ @ @ @ @ fish , are already seeing a downturn in trade due to the coronavirus .
The most recent figures , for 2018 , show nearly 39,000 tonnes of Scottish salmon was sold to other EU nations .
Global export value topped £500m , with half of that sales to the European Union .
In the first half of last year , exports rose by 25 % on the start of 2018 .
That made Scottish salmon the biggest of Britain 's food exports .
The full year figures for 2019 are expected soon .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ the single market , because fish welfare , food safety and hygiene rules are standardised across Europe .
That remains the case until the end of this year , while the UK is in transition .
Ms Hesketh-Laird said future certification would place `` huge unnecessary financial and bureaucratic burdens on our sector , potentially undermining what is one of the UK 's biggest modern export success stories '' .
She said : `` Scottish salmon is a fantastic product , but we compete with other jurisdictions from Faroes to Norway to Ireland @ @ @ @ @ @ @ be borne by the consumer , so keeping the bureaucracy and administrative costs to a minimum is really important .
`` But it 's non tariff barriers that can really strangle a sector - so ( along ) with delays at the border , additional paperwork , the fact that fish wo n't go out in as fresh a state as we want it to , these certification issues will hugely snarl up a successful Scottish business . ''
The SSPO is calling for UK-EU negotiations to retain alignment on seafood exports , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ key condition in talks and to speed up digital certificates , to make them swifter and simpler .
Responding to the SSPO warning , a spokesman at the Cabinet Office in Whitehall said : `` We will inform industry later this year about actions they need to take to ensure they can continue trading after the transition period has ended . ''

"But it's non tariff barriers that can really strangle a sector - so (along) with delays at the border, additional paperwork, the fact that fish won't go out in as fresh a state as we want it to, these certification issues will hugely snarl up a successful Scottish business."


bbcuk--2020-02-10--School leaving age should rise to 'improve prospects', report says

Young people should have to stay in education or training until they are 18 , a think tank has said .
About 10 % of 16 to 18-year-olds in Wales are not in work , education or training , according to the latest figures .
The Institute for Public Policy Research ( IPPR ) said letting children stop learning at 16 should be scrapped , to improve their prospects .
The Welsh Government said it had created 74,000 apprentices since 2016 .
In Wales , children can leave school at the start of the summer term of the academic year @ @ @ @ @ @ @ have to go on to further education or start training .
But in England , pupils have to study or train until they are 18 , either going on to college or sixth form , an apprenticeship , or studying part-time while volunteering or working .
In the report , the IPPR said a similar , mandatory two-year learning requirement - which they call `` skills participation '' - in the classroom or work , should be introduced in Wales .
Russell Gunson , a director at the IPPR , said teenagers may @ @ @ @ @ @ @ poor-quality careers , and those in work should be getting training at the same time .
`` At the moment we 're patting ourselves on the back for getting young people into jobs but without really checking whether those are high-quality jobs or not , '' he said .
`` It 's about making sure that all children in Wales have learning and training , though an apprenticeship , training if in the workplace , or through colleges , schools or universities if in the classroom . ''
`` That way we can @ @ @ @ @ @ @ careers which sets Wales up for the future . ''
• Are billionaires more likely to be graduates ?
• ' I dropped out of school , now I sell £60,000 trainers' But he said changes in learning for young people needed to be accompanied by a major investment in adult learning .
By the end of 2030 , about 40 % of the population of Wales will be pensioners , the report states .
It also says the number of jobs at risk of being replaced by machines is 6.5 % higher @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The think tank wants an extra £60m a year to fund an additional 30,000 adult learners by 2025 , and an institute of technology to provide lifelong online and face-to-face training .
`` That would take Wales up from a middling country in terms of the number of adults in education to among the highest in the world and that 's the scale of the challenge we face , '' Mr Gunson said . '
I was clueless , but I learned a lot more' When Jordan , from Cardiff , left school @ @ @ @ @ @ @ work for a few months and had nothing to do .
She wanted to become a carer , but with very little confidence she was worried about her future .
But then she joined a scheme run by the Prince 's Trust , where young people get advice to gain skills and build their confidence .
`` I was clueless , '' she said .
`` At the start I had no confidence , but I am so confident now . ''
Jordan , now 17 , has taken part in cookery lessons @ @ @ @ @ @ @ adventure activities , and has returned to the classroom to study animal care .
`` I think everyone should be in education until they are at least 18 , because at 16 you are still a child , '' she said .
Mr Gunson said while things were going in the right direction , many of the reforms to skills and learning had been `` baby steps '' and there was a risk Wales would be left behind .
`` What we need is to increase the scale of the choices the Welsh @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the change meets the scale of the challenge , '' he said .
A Welsh Government spokesman said over 90 % of learners continued in full-time education or training after the age of 16 .
`` We have a number of policies to help young people into work or education , including our investment in apprenticeships , '' he added .

"That would take Wales up from a middling country in terms of the number of adults in education to among the highest in the world and that's the scale of the challenge we face," Mr Gunson said.


bbcuk--2020-02-10--No-fault evictions: 'A note through the door evicted me'

Late last year , Mark Evans got a note through the door telling him he had to leave the home he had lived in since 2016 .
It was a section 21 notice , which gives tenants two months to move out .
Known as no-fault evictions , the law is now being changed to ban them in Wales and England , while this has already happened in Scotland .
But landlords said section 21 notices were mostly used to evict tenants who were in arrears or causing a nuisance .
After speaking to his letting agent , Mr Evans @ @ @ @ @ @ @ wanted to sell the Aberdare property .
He is still there on a monthly basis , but added : `` Every time I go to the estate agent to pay the rent they are asking 'when are you going to leave ? '
'' `` I 'm having great problems trying to find anywhere , so it 's very awkward . ''
Mr Evans was forced to stop working because of a health condition and said because he is on housing benefit , other landlords will not take him .
He is number @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for social housing and believes tenants should have longer notice periods before being evicted .
About 30 % of Welsh homes are rented - 209,000 from landlords and 229,000 from councils or housing associations .
To give more protection , the Welsh Government is looking to outlaw no-fault evictions and make other changes .
It has proposed a minimum six-month notice period before landlords can evict tenants .
Renters could not be evicted during the first six months of a tenancy , which would mean a guaranteed year in their new home free @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Minister Julie James said abolishing no-fault evictions would `` add further significant protections '' for people who rent .
`` What we are trying to do is make sure good landlords are rewarded well and bad landlords are driven out of the market , '' she added .
However , Douglas Haig of the Residential Landlords ' Association said section 21 notices were mostly used to evict tenants who were in arrears or causing a nuisance .
Going through the courts to evict someone for anti-social behaviour can take much longer , he @ @ @ @ @ @ @ neighbours are too frightened to get involved and the police are too busy to do anything '' .
He added : `` We agree we have to give something that makes the property tenants live in as a rented property more their home .
`` However , we just feel that the Welsh Government has n't listened to the technical requirements as to why things exist . ''
`` This type of eviction brings us a huge amount of casework every year , '' she said .
`` Two months is nowhere near @ @ @ @ @ @ @ live . ''
She said currently people undertake a `` panic move '' , uprooting their family and going for `` the least worst option '' .
The proposals are among a set of changes to the law on renting due to be introduced next year .
Landlords will also have to follow new regulations making sure they let homes in a fit state for people to live in .
Legislation was passed in the Senedd in 2016 , but its introduction was delayed , partly because of negotiations between the Welsh and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cost of the IT update , which the Welsh Government has agreed to pay , is still being discussed , but Ms James said it would be `` somewhere in the region of £700,000 to £1m '' .

Going through the courts to evict someone for anti-social behaviour can take much longer, he said, and "very often the neighbours are too frightened to get involved and the police are too busy to do anything".


bbcuk--2020-02-10--Bank of England gold: Rare look inside the vaults

The Bank of England ’ s gold vaults hold £194bn worth of gold bars .
If you stacked them all @ @ @ @ @ , they would be the same height as 46 Eiffel Towers .
They hardly ever @ @ @ @ @ , but the BBC ’ s Frank Gardner has been given access to the Bank @ @ @ @ @ vault .
Filmed and edited by James Wignall and Erica Brown

The Bank of England’s gold vaults hold £194bn worth of gold bars.
If you stacked them all on top of each other, they would be the same height as 46 Eiffel Towers.
They hardly ever let anyone in to film, but the BBC’s Frank Gardner has been given access to the Bank of England’s gold vault.
Filmed and edited by James Wignall and Erica Brown


bbcuk--2020-02-10--Ice and snow forecast in wake of Storm Ciara

Temperatures are set to drop , with warnings for snow and ice in the wake of Storm Ciara which battered the UK over the weekend .
The Met Office has issued yellow warnings for wind and snow for most of Scotland and said disruption was likely for commuters on higher routes .
The warnings are in place from midnight on Sunday until midnight on Tuesday .
A separate yellow warning for snow and ice will then come into effect until midday on Wednesday .
Named by the Met Office on Wednesday , Storm Ciara tracked eastwards across the UK and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ brought wind speeds in excess of 80mph , while heavy rain led to flooding and damage to property over the weekend .
In the Scottish Borders the front of a guest house collapsed in Hawick after the building 's foundations were swept away by the River Teviot .
Police said no-one was injured in the incident and a cordon had been placed around the building .
The Scottish Environmental Protection Agency ( Sepa ) warned of a further flooding risk after several rivers in the south of Scotland burst their banks on Sunday @ @ @ @ @ @ @ flood manager , said Storm Ciara had brought a dangerous combination of high tides , high storm surges and high inshore waves across coastal areas .
He added : `` Whilst we 're seeing an improving flood risk situation as rainfall turns to sleet and snow , people should continue to check the latest weather and travel information from the Met Office , Police Scotland and partner agencies . ''
Forecasters have warned that some routes could prove challenging with heavy snow forecast from about 08:00 GMT .
A response team has been @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Control Centre in South Queensferry for the duration of the warnings to monitor conditions .
Transport Secretary Michael Matheson said Scotland was facing a prolonged period of adverse weather .
He said : `` We are also being told to expect snow and high winds throughout Monday and on Tuesday morning , so there is the potential for significant disruption on the trunk road network , as well as other modes of transport .
`` It 's important that people check the latest information before they set off , drive to the conditions @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' ScotRail said it was expecting further disruption as it continued to monitor the weather situation and the company has asked passengers to plan ahead and consider the forecast before travelling .
A spokeswoman said : `` We are doing all we can to keep our customers moving during some very challenging conditions .
`` We ask that customers keep an eye on our website , app or twitter feed for live updates . ''
SP Energy Networks said it took almost 4,000 calls on Sunday during Storm Ciara and said it was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Electricity was restored to 2000 homes , with 900 still waiting to be reconnected .
However , some areas were unreachable due to flooding and staff were unable to climb some poles and pylons to due to high winds .
CalMac also warned passengers that its services would be liable to disruption due to the weather .

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bbcuk--2020-02-10--Coronavirus: Four more people diagnosed in UK

The number of people infected by the coronavirus in the UK has doubled to eight - after four more patients tested positive for the virus .
It comes as the government issued new powers in England to keep people in quarantine to stop the virus spreading .
In order to do this the Department of Health has described the coronavirus as a `` serious and imminent threat '' to public health .
The overall risk level to the UK remains `` moderate '' .
There have been more than 40,000 cases of the virus globally , mostly in China .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ is now 908 - but the number of newly-infected people per day has stabilised .
• Coronavirus kills 97 in deadliest day so far The new cases are all linked to a British man who caught the virus at a conference in Singapore and stopped at a ski resort in France before returning to the UK .
He was diagnosed in Brighton , and is being treated at St Thomas ' Hospital in London .
He is also linked to the fourth UK patient , who was exposed to the virus in France @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in France following his trip to the ski resort .
Confirming the four new cases on Monday , chief medical officer for England Prof Chris Whitty said they were all `` known contacts of a previously confirmed UK case , and the virus was passed on in France '' .
He added that they have been transferred to specialist NHS centres at Guy 's and St Thomas ' and the Royal Free hospitals in London .
On Monday , the Health Secretary Matt Hancock said he had introduced new regulations in England as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a serious threat '' .
The BBC 's political correspondent Iain Watson said the measures were announced because a passenger on the first UK flight from Wuhan , who is currently being held in quarantine on the Wirral , `` is threatening to abscond '' .
`` Currently the regulations are not strong enough to stop him leaving before the 14-day period is up so they brought in these new regulations to try and compel him to stay put , '' he said .
The Department of Health insisted on Twitter that the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the public was `` a legal term which we announced this morning as part of changes to make it easier for health professionals to do their job '' .
A government spokesman said : `` We are strengthening our regulations so we can keep individuals in supported isolation for their own safety and if public health professionals consider they may be at risk of spreading the virus to other members of the public . ''
Why have they issued this advice ?
Tackling the coronavirus threat has taken the government into uncharted territory @ @ @ @ @ @ @ two weeks has never been done on this scale in modern times .
Whitehall sources say the latest Department of Health announcement on the virus threat covers the tightening of some regulations to help enforce quarantine powers .
This gives legal underpinning to the quarantining of people back from Wuhan in Milton Keynes and the Wirral .
They all signed contracts committing to the 14-day isolation but it 's understood that more rigorous regulations are needed to ensure people stay the course .
This is not a ramping up in official warnings to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the official release describing an `` imminent threat '' was over dramatic and confusing and probably there only for obscure legal reasons .
The actual threat level announced by Public Health England a couple of weeks ago remains moderate .
Under the new measures , Arrowe Park Hospital , on the Wirral , and Kents Hill Park conference centre , in Milton Keynes , have been designated as `` isolation '' facilities in the UK .
Evacuees from Wuhan , where the virus outbreak first emerged , who travelled to the UK @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Office are currently in quarantine at the two locations .
On Sunday , around 200 British and foreign nationals arrived on the second and final flight at RAF Brize Norton .
A statement on the Department of Health website said : `` The Secretary of State declares that the incidence or transmission of novel coronavirus constitutes a serious and imminent threat to public health , and the measures outlined in these regulations are considered as an effective means of delaying or preventing further transmission of the virus . ''
It is estimated that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ new coronavirus may die , according to a report by the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling .
Prof Neil Ferguson , of Imperial College London , said : `` Our estimates - while subject to much uncertainty due to the limited data currently available - suggest that the impact of the unfolding epidemic may be comparable to the major influenza pandemics of the 20th century . ''
The five British nationals being treated in France were diagnosed after they came into contact with the British carrier , according to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ adults and a nine-year-old child , who are not in a serious condition , were staying in the Alpine resort area of Contamines-Montjoie near Mont Blanc .
EasyJet confirmed that the Briton flew from Geneva back to the UK on 28 January , and health officials are trying to trace other passengers who might be at risk .
A spokeswoman said : `` Public Health England is contacting all passengers who were seated in the vicinity of the customer on flight EZS8481 from Geneva to London Gatwick on 28 January , to provide @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Meanwhile , a British man in Majorca has also been diagnosed with coronavirus , while his wife and two daughters tested negative .
The family said they had been in contact with a person who tested positive for coronavirus in France , the government in the Balearic Islands said .
The new virus was first reported in Wuhan , the capital of Hubei province .
The city of 11 million has been in lockdown for weeks .
The outbreak was declared a global emergency by the WHO on 30 January .
Are you @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the quarantine process ?
Share your experiences by emailing haveyoursay @ bbc.co.uk .
Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist .
You can also contact us in the following ways : • Please read our terms & conditions and privacy policy

A government spokesman said: "We are strengthening our regulations so we can keep individuals in supported isolation for their own safety and if public health professionals consider they may be at risk of spreading the virus to other members of the public."


bbcuk--2020-02-10--Storm Ciara: Man dies after tree falls on car during gales

A 58-year-old man has died after a tree fell on his car in Hampshire during Storm Ciara on Sunday .
Police said the man , from Micheldever , was driving on the A33 when the accident happened just before 16:00 GMT .
He died at the scene .
It comes as the UK continues to feel the after-effects following widespread flooding and severe gales .
Trains , flights and motorists face further disruption , while many flood warnings remain in place .
Yellow weather warnings for snow , ice and wind are also in force for large swathes of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ see blizzards and up to 20cm ( 8in ) of snow .
Hampshire Police released a statement on Monday saying a 58-year-old man died after a tree fell on the Mercedes he was driving from Winchester to Micheldever .
`` His next of kin have been informed and are being supported by specialist officers , '' the statement added .
Meanwhile , homes were evacuated in Brentwood , Essex , in the early hours of Monday after a car fell into a sinkhole on a residential road .
Some areas experienced a month-and-a-half @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 97mph on Sunday , resulting in flooding and power cuts for more than half a million households .
More than 100 flood warnings remain in place around the UK , with more than 100 of those in England - the majority of which are are in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire , around 50 in Scotland , and 11 in Wales .
Chief Secretary to the Treasury Rishi Sunak said the government `` stands ready to support where it can '' and hundreds of environment agency staff were helping with the clean-up .
Engineers have @ @ @ @ @ @ @ majority of homes but more than 20,000 properties across east and south-east England and north Wales spent the night without power .
UK Power Networks has since said in a statement that electricity had been restored to the majority of the 324,000 homes and businesses that experienced outages because of the storm .
It said around 12,000 properties remained without power in east and south-east England .
Flooding and debris continue to cause problems for rail passengers , who have been urged to check their routes before they travel .
Lines which continue @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Main Line , which has no trains running north of Preston because of flooding at Carlisle .
London North Eastern Railway said there was `` still major disruption '' with many of its services cancelled or suspended .
Those which are running are `` extremely busy '' and passengers may have to stand , it said .
The other operators affected include Avanti West Coast , CrossCountry , Great Western Railway , Northern , ScotRail and South Western Railway .
Disruption is expected to continue throughout the rest of Monday .
Airlines operating @ @ @ @ @ @ @ be affected by the weather conditions , with more than 100 flights cancelled .
British Airways , one of the worst affected , said it was `` carefully assessing every flight '' .
As of 11:00 GMT on Monday , some 33 of Heathrow 's departures were cancelled - equivalent to 5 % of flights - and a further 82 were delayed by at least 15 minutes .
Ferry services between Dover and Calais have also been hit by delays and cancellations .
Blizzard conditions are affecting some higher routes in Scotland and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ care .
A Met Office yellow warning for wind and snow is in place for the entire day throughout Northern Ireland and most of Scotland .
Parts of northern England have been warned to expect snow and ice from 15:00 GMT .
And a warning for wind is in place for Cornwall and the south coast of England until 19:00 .
Forecasters are expecting the unsettled weather to last further into the week - with weather warnings in place until Wednesday .
`` While Storm Ciara is clearing away , that does n't @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of weather , '' said Met Office meteorologist Alex Burkill .
`` It 's going to stay very unsettled .
`` We have got colder air coming through the UK and will be feeling a real drop in temperatures , with an increased risk of snow in northern parts of the UK and likely in Scotland .
`` There could be up to 20cm ( 8in ) on Monday and Tuesday and with strong winds , blizzards are n't out of the question . ''
On Sunday , the fastest gusts of 97mph @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , with 93mph winds hitting Aberdaron , a village at the tip of the Llyn Peninsula .
Have you been affected by Storm Ciara ?
Share your experiences by emailing haveyoursay @ bbc.co.uk .
Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist .
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More than 500 properties are believed to have been flooded during Storm Ciara, with that number expected to increase as more information is collected, Environment Secretary Theresa Villiers said.


bbcuk--2020-02-10--Car falls into sinkhole and six homes evacuated in Pilgrims Hatch

A car has fallen into a sinkhole in Essex and six homes have had to be evacuated due to `` @ @ @ @ @ Toyota Prius became trapped in Hatch Road , Pilgrims Hatch , Brentwood , after the @ @ @ @ @ The fire service said there had been reports a sewer had partially collapsed but the @ @ @ @ @ is not yet known .
Fire crews worked for more than two hours at the @ @ @ @ @ Anglian Water .
It has not yet been confirmed if anyone was in the vehicle @ @ @ @ @ Anglian Water spokesman said crews were on-site investigating .
`` We are working with other @ @ @ @ @ ] plus the local police to assess if any of our pipes have been damaged @ @ @ @ @ .

She said at first "all we could see was the back of that car so it look like it had been cut in half" before being told by a firefighter it was a sinkhole.


bbcuk--2020-02-10--Teeth-whitening: Reports of illegal procedures up 26%

Reports of illegal teeth-whitening that could leave patients at risk of health problems including burns or lost teeth have increased , the BBC has found .
Teeth-whitening can only be performed legally in the UK by professionals registered with the GDC .
One beauty school claimed to have provided `` thousands '' of candidates with illegitimate qualifications , an undercover investigation found .
Failure to comply with the requirement to be registered can result in a criminal record and an unlimited fine .
Untrained beauticians using teeth-whitening kits have been known to cause tooth loss , burns and blisters .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Oral Health Foundation , said : `` When things go wrong in dentistry , they can really go wrong .
`` I 've been that dentist with the full back up service when the patient 's had that heart attack .
`` It would be catastrophic for the patient and the person who 's been trained and told it 's legal to do it . ''
Last year 732 cases of illegal-teeth whitening were reported to the GDC , a 26 % increase from 582 in 2018 - though the figure was higher @ @ @ @ @ @ @ body relies on reports from customers , so the real number could be much higher .
The GDC said it had launched 126 prosecutions against illegal teeth whiteners since 2015 .
It lacks the powers to prosecute those performing training , such as those filmed by BBC London .
The BBC uncovered several companies offering just a few hours of training for fraudulent qualifications .
Two undercover BBC researchers attended a course with the London School of Nails and Beauty that lasted five hours .
Attendees were told they could earn `` from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a certificate , which they were told would allow them to set up their own business to treat customers .
School principal Cha McDonald said the process was `` legal '' as customers would be asked to carry out parts of the procedure themselves .
She claimed `` thousands '' of people had undergone training at the school .
A spokesperson for the General Dental Council said : `` Handing an individual a tooth whitening tray and advising them on application , amongst other things , could constitute the giving of 'advice or @ @ @ @ @ @ @ be a criminal offence . ''
Emergencies were not covered at all during the training attended by the BBC and when asked what to do in an emergency , Ms McDonald advised the BBC researchers posing as students to `` call an ambulance like everybody else '' .
The BBC asked the London School of Nails and Beauty why it was providing training that could open candidates to prosecution but there was no response .
The British Dental Association ( BDA ) said `` sham '' schools preyed `` on vulnerabilities of beauticians @ @ @ @ @ @ @ schools were putting themselves at risk of ending up in jail or being fined , according to Dr Len D'Cruz from the BDA .
One beautician who had undergone similar training said : `` I may as well have burnt the money I spent .
`` I was struggling as a beautician as it was and I nearly went bankrupt .
`` I think as a direct result I lost all my confidence .
I went through anxiety and suffered depression .
It 's disgusting people like me are being misled . ''
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ London TV News and Inside Out on BBC One in London on Monday 10 February at 19:30 GMT and afterwards on BBC iPlayer .

Emergencies were not covered at all during the training attended by the BBC and when asked what to do in an emergency, Ms McDonald advised the BBC researchers posing as students to "call an ambulance like everybody else".


bbcuk--2020-02-10--Climate assembly considers flying bananas

A citizens ' climate assembly has been established by Commons select committees .
It aims to understand public preferences on how the UK should tackle climate change .
Roger Harrabin reports from the second session .
You can read about the first assembly here .
Flying bananas , fashionable indoor fleeces , carbon allowances and synthetic fuels for aircraft were on the agenda for weekend number two of the UK ’ s climate change assembly .
The 110 members of the assembly chosen to reflect a cross section of society raised a vast array of issues .
Their task is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ sense of public priorities as the UK battles to reduce emissions to almost zero by 2050 .
The indoor fleece question was a surprise .
One participant asked whether fast fashion firms should could make fashionable indoor clothes that save carbon emissions by actually keeping the wearer warm .
The organisers requested that most participant surnames were withheld from this article .
The enquiry is pertinent – the average temperature of a British home has increased by 6 % since the 1970s and a whole generation has grown up considering it a basic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ little more than underwear .
The trend ’ s not helpful for a government wanting to reduce emissions from heating .
Assembly members grappled in small groups with other contentious climate issues such as transport , farming and food .
One expert witness explained the radical idea of personal carbon allowances – that ’ s when everyone ’ s given an annual carbon budget to emit CO2 .
If you overshoot your budget with too much heating , driving and flying , you must buy permits from someone who ’ s used less @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , for instance , to flying .
Tracey , a carer from Northern Ireland , liked the idea .
She said her group favoured climate schemes that increased fairness .
She told me : “ It ’ s going to create more equality for everyone , so if you have lots of money , people are probably going to take lots of flights because you can afford it .
But you ’ ll probably end up paying extra for that.
” Asked whether such a revolutionary idea would be acceptable to the public @ @ @ @ @ @ @ seemed to go down pretty well in there ( the assembly ) .
” Chris from Oxford had previously expressed doubts about the urgency of tackling climate change .
But he ’ s happy to contribute to the task of choosing the right policies as we head towards 2050 .
Chris welcomed , for instance , the chance to interrogate some of the proposals on the sort of synthetic fuels proposed by the aviation industry .
He said : “ Synthetic fuels seemed like a really persuasive solution – but then we heard @ @ @ @ @ @ @ not ready .
“ Contrast that with something like heat pumps , and they are ready .
It ’ s good to have been able to make the comparison.
” Amanda from Kent was delighted by the unexpected discussion on bananas .
She said : “ It ’ s an eye-opener all the new things I 'm learning - incredible .
“ Today I was in one of the groups talking about what we buy , with bananas being a big discussion .
“ If bananas are flown in they ’ re really @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ’ re shipped in there are hardly any ( emissions ) at all.
” The assembly members hold a wide range of views .
I asked Marc from Newcastle if he considered himself an environmentalist .
Marc laughed : “ No , no .
I ’ m the typical person who would change their iPhone every year , car every three years… just pick up what I wanted from the supermarket .
“ But after all this ( information from the assembly ) you start questioning .
“ It ’ s hard because @ @ @ @ @ @ @ keep the same standard of living - not make massive changes .
But we ’ ll have to .
So it ’ s going to be interesting how we get to that happy medium .
If we educate people properly we could be on to something good.
” But can the Assembly help produce that something good ?
Mark from Manchester ( not to be confused with Marc ) thought that it could , by showing MPs and the government a policy roadmap that the public might accept .
He believes a mixture @ @ @ @ @ @ @ will be needed .
“ I would n't mind taxing , because it ’ s for the greater good .
Regulations need to be in place .
Something needs to be set so governments can ’ t overrule things that have been set in stone.
” But does he really think MPs will take notice ?
He ’ s cautiously optimistic : “ I ’ ve spoken local MPs about it , ” he said .
“ They were passionate and they ’ ve visited ( the assembly ) … so , it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ weekend is at the end of the month .
It reports to Parliament at the end of April .

“It’s hard because everyone’s going to want to keep the same standard of living - not make massive changes. But we’ll have to. So it’s going to be interesting how we get to that happy medium. If we educate people properly we could be on to something good.”


bbcuk--2020-02-10--Phillip Schofield: Wife Stephanie supports presenter's 'brave step'

The wife of presenter Phillip Schofield has said she supports the `` brave step '' he has taken in revealing he is gay .
Stephanie Lowe told The Sun that she loved the TV star `` as much today as I ever have '' and that she would `` still be there , holding his hand '' in the future .
It follows her husband 's announcement last week that he was `` coming to terms with the fact that I am gay '' .
His statement prompted an outpouring of support that continued on Sunday 's Dancing on Ice @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for Schofield after he comes out as gay '' You have always been an absolute legend but never , never ever more so than this week my friend , '' said dancer Ashley Banjo , a judge on the ITV programme .
`` I think I speak on behalf of all of us when I say we 've got nothing but love and respect for you . ''
In a statement given to The Sun newspaper , Schofield 's wife of 27 years acknowledged her husband 's announcement had been `` difficult '' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ had both been `` awestruck by the strength and love '' of their two daughters , `` even as they 've been trying to make sense of it all themselves '' .
`` Everyone should be proud to live their own truth , '' Lowe continued in her first public statement since her husband 's announcement .
Lowe 's comments followed an interview Schofield gave to The Sun on Sunday , in which he admitted he did not know what the future held for him and his family .
`` It has taken @ @ @ @ @ @ @ [ and ] I am not rushing to get to any other place , '' the This Morning presenter was quoted as saying .
`` We will always be a family .
That is the one definite , constant , absolute positive thing .
And where the wind blows us I do n't know . ''
The 57-year-old also revealed he had known he was gay when he married Lowe in 1993 and that he had been `` perhaps a bit naive '' .
`` I was confused by what it was .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' he told the newspaper .
`` But over time I realised and started coming to terms with it . ''
Schofield added that his wife had `` known for a while '' that he was gay .
The star , who started his career as a continuity announcer on the BBC , spoke to The Sun shortly after his announcement on Friday .
That was followed by an interview with his This Morning co-host Holly Willoughby , in which he said coming out was `` absolutely [ his ] decision '' .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Willoughby 's 39th birthday - to present ITV 's magazine programme .
Information and support : If you or someone you know needs support for issues about sexuality , these organisations may be able to help .

She said they had both been "awestruck by the strength and love" of their two daughters, "even as they've been trying to make sense of it all themselves".


bbcuk--2020-02-10--East Kent baby deaths: Four more families come forward

A BBC News investigation has uncovered more preventable baby deaths at an NHS trust which has already been criticised for its maternity services .
Four families said their babies would have survived had East Kent Hospitals NHS Trust provided better care .
The NHS 's Healthcare Safety Branch is investigating 25 maternity cases at the hospitals in Margate and Ashford .
The trust has apologised for the care provided in two of the cases and said they were investigating a third .
It has denied any wrongdoing in the fourth case .
The government is due to receive the Healthcare @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cases later , as well as a Care Quality Commission report from an inspection carried out in January .
Last month , the BBC discovered at least seven preventable deaths may have occurred at the trust since 2016 .
Four further families have now spoken out , saying their babies would not have died if medics had provided better care .
In two of the cases , the mothers said the actions of the trust left them feeling they were to blame for their babies ' deaths .
Having previously reported two incidents @ @ @ @ @ @ @ midwives at 01:10 on the day before her due date to tell them she was in severe pain and her son was moving excessively .
She says she was told to take paracetamol and go to sleep .
Kirsty called the Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Hospital ( QEQM ) in Margate at 16:59 to say she had not felt her son move for hours .
She was asked to come in , but by 19:00 the hospital said her son had died .
In a meeting last month , the hospital said @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the night-time call and it was possible the person who answered had been in the midst of looking after another patient and had not checked Kirsty 's medical notes .
Kirsty thinks Reid would have survived if she had been asked to go into hospital that night .
`` Things just went downhill and spiralled out of control so quickly that it 's hard to actually think that it 's real because it 's all like a muddled up dream and not a nice one , '' she said .
East Kent Hospitals @ @ @ @ @ @ @ started a thorough investigation into the care that Kirsty and Reid were given . ''
Nicola Grimmett fell pregnant for a second time in 2015 after IVF treatment .
She found she was carrying twins and her pregnancy was considered `` high risk '' because her first baby was born by emergency Caesarean section .
At 35 weeks a doctor at the QEQM Hospital discovered the babies had twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome , a serious condition where one of the foetuses is getting more of the blood supply from the placenta than the other @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for two days after this was discovered , and it was a further day before she had a Caesarean section .
The hospital were not able to revive Freddie , and the family feel he would have survived if he had been delivered earlier .
East Kent Hospitals NHS Trust said : `` We accept that Freddie 's death might have been avoided had we acted differently and we wholeheartedly apologise for this . ''
Following a traumatic experience with the birth of her son two years earlier , Helen Gittos and her @ @ @ @ @ @ @ facilities in Margate prior to giving birth .
She was not convinced they were safe , so opted for a home birth near the QEQM Hospital in case of any complications after her request to give birth at its midwife-led unit was turned down due to her first birth being a Caesarean .
Her labour progressed slowly so she was transferred to the hospital , where Helen said she was left for more than an hour before seeing a senior doctor despite being classed as a high-risk patient .
Staff then noticed that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and decided to perform an emergency Caesarean .
Harriet was born in a poor condition and died eight days later .
Helen said she was told her baby 's death was a consequence of her decision to refuse to have appropriate medical treatment .
`` We at no stage declined any medical intervention whatsoever , '' she claimed .
East Kent Hospitals NHS Trust said : `` We accept… that we could have done more to respond to [ Helen Gittos 's ] wishes and help her labour in a calm , low-risk @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Katy King said staff failed to believe she was in labour as she was only 28 weeks pregnant .
Her son Fletcher was born by emergency Caesarean section and , although weak , was breathing on his own by the time he was two days old .
Staff informed Katy and her partner Jason that while their son needed to stay in William Harvey Hospital in Ashford until he put on more weight , he should have been fit to go home in about a month .
However , Fletcher became ill at @ @ @ @ @ @ @ days .
He had suffered numerous seizures each day and medics believed he had some unspecified genetic condition .
The family said staff failed to spot he had developed a fungal infection and believe if he had been born at a hospital 40 miles away he would have been given the correct antibiotics from birth .
`` We 'll never know if he 'd been given the anti-fungal medication , would he ever have got it [ the infection ] .
It just has such a horrific effect on everyone , '' she @ @ @ @ @ @ @ said : `` There was no evidence of any omissions in care .
The Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman is currently investigating the family 's complaint . ''
The new cases come as a coroner has made 19 recommendations for improvements following the `` wholly avoidable '' death of a baby at the QEQM Hospital in 2017 .
Christopher Sutton-Mattocks concluded that neglect by the trust had contributed to Harry Richford 's death .
Harry 's parents Tom and Sarah , who are campaigning for a public inquiry into maternity failures at the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ would not be enacted .
Mr Richford said : `` In our case , they knew that there were systemic problems going way back .
They had two years to address these problems before Harry died .
And they did n't .
In a statement , East Kent Hospitals Trust it had set up a board sub-committee `` to ensure we are complying with national safety standards and ensure we are implementing the coroner 's recommendations fully and swiftly '' .
`` We are deeply saddened by the stories of families who have @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , and we are extremely sorry for their loss , '' it added .
Follow BBC South East on Facebook , on Twitter , and on Instagram .
Send your story ideas to southeasttoday @ bbc.co.uk .

In a meeting last month, the hospital said they did not have a record of the night-time call and it was possible the person who answered had been in the midst of looking after another patient and had not checked Kirsty's medical notes.


bbcuk--2020-02-10--NHS cancer patients 'missing out on basics information'

Cancer patients in England are missing out on basic information about their diseases because of staff shortages in the NHS , a charity has warned .
Macmillan Cancer Support said at least 120,000 patients a year felt topics including treatments and side effects were not fully explained .
The charity blamed `` soaring '' staffing pressures , which left people `` in the dark '' about how to prepare .
The NHS said satisfaction levels with cancer care were at a record high .
• What not to say to someone with cancer Macmillan asked more than 70,000 people who @ @ @ @ @ @ @ their care .
More than a third ( 39 % ) of those asked said the longer-term side-effects of treatment were not fully explained - the charity said that equated to about 120,000 a year .
A quarter of people also said they did not have the possible side effects explained prior to the start of treatment .
And one in five said there were not always enough nurses on duty to care for them .
Macmillan warned that without this information and support , patients `` may feel uncertain about treatment , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ or feel unsure about how to prepare for the impact cancer might have on them physically , financially and emotional '' .
An NHS England spokesman said cancer survival rates and patient satisfaction levels with their cancer care were at record highs .
The `` vast majority of patients were given the name of a clinical nurse specialist to support them through their treatment , which is testament to the hard work and compassion of NHS staff '' , he added .

Macmillan warned that without this information and support, patients "may feel uncertain about treatment, feel forced to give up a job or feel unsure about how to prepare for the impact cancer might have on them physically, financially and emotional".


bbcuk--2020-02-10--East of England Ambulance Service staff 'silenced' over bullying

Concerns have been raised that NHS ambulance staff are being `` silenced '' over bullying allegations .
Hundreds of East of England Ambulance Service ( EEAS ) employees reported bullying in 2018 , while 28 non-disclosure agreements ( NDAs ) have been issued since 2016 .
The GMB union said the figures showed a `` heavy-handed culture '' .
The service said it took bullying and harassment `` extremely seriously '' and had policies to prevent such behaviour .
EEAS faced scrutiny in November when it emerged three members of staff died in 11 days .
One , Luke Wright @ @ @ @ @ @ @ taken his own life .
An independent investigation , which dealt in part with bullying claims , has been carried out with the results reported to the trust in January .
The 28 NDAs had been made in cases where bullying , harassment or abuse by colleagues had been reported , according to figures obtained under the Freedom of Information Act .
These involved an individual agreement , often with a payment , which prevented the person speaking about their case .
In the latest staff survey from 2018 , 23 % of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ % in the previous year .
The GMB said NDAs were seen as a `` method of silencing rather than resolving '' and called on the trust to discuss more meaningful ways of dealing with problems .
Gavin Davies , the union 's NHS senior organiser , said : `` We would hope an emergency service provider that prides itself on saving lives would have a better mechanism for resolving difficulties rather than using NDAs .
`` Policies and procedures are in place to give organisations and staff clear guidelines on how to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' One of those who felt bullied was Damian Sherman , who lives in Burnham-on-Crouch , Essex .
After a `` fantastic career '' which had seen him work for the ambulance service at Stansted Airport and in the hazardous incident team , he said he felt forced out after showing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) .
`` I had begun to suffer with effects of PTSD , that were brought to my attention later , and I was acting out of character , and that is when the ambulance @ @ @ @ @ @ @ he said .
`` I started to feel isolated and taken away from my job . ''
Mr Sherman said he was taken off frontline duties and put in an audit office .
`` They were very hostile to me , '' he said .
`` They did things which made me question myself and things that happened were definitely bullying - trying to discredit me . ''
• Call to 'seek help ' after ambulance worker death The ambulance service said it would not comment on individual cases , but that it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it used .
EEAS chief executive Dorothy Hosein said : `` Bullying and harassment is never acceptable .
We take all allegations of harassment and bullying extremely seriously .
`` We have policies and training in place to create a culture where this behaviour does not happen .
`` We are committed to providing optimal wellbeing and welfare support , which is continuously reviewed and improved . ''
This story will be featured on Inside Out East on BBC One in London on Monday 10 February at 19:30 GMT and afterwards on BBC @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of England on Facebook , Instagram and Twitter .
If you have a story suggestion email eastofenglandnews @ bbc.co.uk

"I had begun to suffer with effects of PTSD, that were brought to my attention later, and I was acting out of character, and that is when the ambulance service started to mismanage me," he said.


bbcuk--2020-02-10--Six reasons why HS2 is so expensive

Six reasons why HS2 is so expensive

HS2 is set to be the `` biggest infrastructure decision since World War Two '' , according to one government official .
Whether to go ahead with building the high-speed rail line has become a dilemma for Boris Johnson because the estimated price tag shot up back in the summer .
The government 's official review of the scheme , which has been seen by the BBC , puts the potential cost at as much as £106bn .
Here are some of the reasons why the project is so expensive and why its budget has risen so much .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the railway can accommodate more trains per hour - 18 - than any other high-speed line in the world .
The infrastructure - numbers of platforms at stations - and the systems , which means the signalling , have therefore been designed with this in mind .
The trains will travel at up to 360 km/h ( 224mp/h ) , faster than any other train service in Europe and only slower than those in China .
• What is the HS2 route and how much will it cost ?
The alignment of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and Birmingham means even faster trains could reach 400 km/h on HS2 in the future .
The track will also sit on concrete `` slab track '' which is durable but more expensive to buy than your more conventional ballast .
When you start planning a major infrastructure project such as HS2 , experts are supposed to make informed estimates about the amount of time and money needed to complete each phase .
HS2 Ltd has been widely criticised for not factoring-in enough risk and uncertainty into its calculations .
Former HS2 directors @ @ @ @ @ @ @ costs artificially low to make the project more attractive .
HS2 Ltd rejects that claim .
One of the big unknowns , which was underestimated on the first phase , was `` ground conditions '' .
Now that surveys underneath the surface along the route from London to Birmingham have been done , the higher costings for that first stretch are regarded as more robust .
But surveys have not been carried out on the latter and longer phase , Birmingham to Manchester and Birmingham to Leeds .
And that 's why the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ HS2 is not certain .
HS2 will wind its way through a crowded landscape .
The initial stretch from London Euston to Old Oak Common in west London will be through a giant tunnel underneath central London .
To build the line , HS2 Ltd has to compulsorily purchase land and property rights along the route , and a block of flats in London does n't come cheap .
HS2 Ltd 's land and property calculations , which it was using as recently as 2015-16 , were woefully underestimated .
In one of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and seen by the BBC , a large number of properties were not even given a value .
Since then HS2 Ltd has carried out more thorough work to improve its estimates .
Try to imagine all of the wiring and piping underneath our crowded cities .
Much of the work HS2 Ltd has already carried out between London and Birmingham has been diverting those connections away from construction sites .
But in some places , roads and even rivers need to be moved too .
On the M42 near Solihull they have @ @ @ @ @ @ @ bridge over the motorway .
A bridge nearby will be demolished and the new bridge moved in .
You could find multiple examples like that along the 330 mile route .
I 've travelled extensively on Spain 's high-speed AVE network , which flies through large stretches of desolate , arid countryside .
Britain is much more densely populated , so building HS2 is a different ballgame .
You might be surprised to hear that the view out of the window from an HS2 train from London to Birmingham , most of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
That 's because a large part of the route will be built in what 's known as `` cuttings '' .
Cuttings mean the track is effectively below ground with banks either side .
The cutting reduces the impact of the line on the surrounding countryside .
There are also 25 miles of tunnels on the first phase of the project .
The longest ( 10 miles ) and deepest tunnel ( 90 metres at the deepest point ) will go underneath the Chilterns .
And there are 12 miles of viaducts @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Colne Valley in Buckinghamshire will be the longest in the country .
When prior estimates of costings on HS2 have been calculated , efficiency savings have been factored in .
However , often those efficiencies have not been realised , so costs have gone up .
In a major infrastructure project such as this , the company in overall charge - HS2 Ltd - contracts out the work to a vast array of other companies .
Companies contracted by HS2 Ltd in the early part of the project carried the risk associated with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ significantly .
According to the National Audit Office it added at least £1bn to the overall budget .
However , there have been reports that figure was much higher .
Now contractors do not carry the risk .
That should help keep prices down .

You might be surprised to hear that the view out of the window from an HS2 train from London to Birmingham, most of the time, won't be very exciting.


bbcuk--2020-02-10--'Without suicide forums, Callie might still be alive'

Like a lot of people her age , Callie Lewis loved animals and posting videos she 'd made of herself on YouTube and Tumblr .
But Callie , who was diagnosed with Asperger 's syndrome at a young age , struggled with chronic depression and suicidal thoughts .
`` Callie was passionate about animal rights , she would always say that she much preferred animals to people , '' recalls her mum , Sarah Lewis .
She was just 24 when she took her own life .
Now , a new Panorama documentary tells Callie 's story , looking at @ @ @ @ @ @ @ death and challenging the NHS over , what they have acknowledged as , failings in Callie 's care .
It was n't until just over a month before her death that Callie started chatting with strangers in online suicide forums .
These are corners of the internet where people discuss suicide and in some cases , share information on how someone can end their own life .
In posts on one suicide forum , Callie told other users about failed attempts to take her life .
In another , she asked for help @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
After hanging out on the forum , Callie discovered a new suicide method and even bought a `` suicide kit '' , which she later used to end her life .
Callie 's mum believes the website played a significant role in her daughter 's death in August 2018 .
She went to stay in Windermere , Cumbria - 350 miles away from her mum - where she remained for several days before taking her life .
`` Without those forums , I think my daughter would have struggled to find the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ how to die , '' Sarah says .
She found out that Callie had been using them after one of her daughter 's close friends , Jan - a former special needs teacher - alerted her out of concern for Callie 's safety .
According to Jan , Callie had become `` engrossed '' in suicide websites which were `` encouraging her how to do it '' .
Jan says Callie cut ties with him in the run-up to her death .
`` She felt that if she communicated with me she would @ @ @ @ @ @ @ but if she cut me off and communicated with them they would make sure she did it . ''
`` When we found out about the suicide website she 'd been on , that set off an alarm bell - it began to feel like an obsession , '' says Callie 's granddad , Graham Lewis .
After stopping communication with family and friends before her death , the last people Callie spoke to were the forum users .
Instead of trying to get her help , they encouraged her to take her @ @ @ @ @ @ @ We all wish you a swift travel , '' wrote one .
`` May you find peace , my friend , '' said another .
`` In the UK , we show the Samaritans ' 24-hour helpline number to connect people who are depressed , suicidal or in distress with the help and advice they need as quickly as possible , '' say Google 's guidelines , which were sent to Newsbeat .
`` We remove pages from our index in limited circumstances , including when required by law .
`` We do @ @ @ @ @ @ @ decide what people should be able to find on the web , but we encourage broader debate about this topic so that societies can collectively make these decisions . ''
If you or someone you know needs support for issues about emotional distress , these organisations may be able to help .
The government says that `` more needs to be done to tackle the promotion of self-harm and the targeting of vulnerable people online '' and adds that it is `` developing world-leading laws to put a new duty of care on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ It has formed a partnership of suicide prevention experts that includes the Samaritans and is working with online companies .
The Samaritans want to find ways to `` bury '' sites like the ones that Callie was using before her death , to make them hard to find on online search engines .
`` We do n't want that popping up on the first pages of searches , '' says Jacqui Morrissey , a spokeswoman for The Samaritans .
`` If we ca n't get rid of it , let 's try and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ difficult to find for people so that when they are looking for information what they 're coming across is the helpful supportive information first and foremost . ''
But the people who run the website she used deny that their platform encourages anyone to end their life .
`` We offer a space to discuss the topic of suicide without censorship , '' they told us via text message .
`` Our community and website does not encourage suicide .
That is strictly against the rules . ''
When asked about concerns over @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of killing themselves , they responded : `` Information is power… What you do with it is your responsibility . ''
`` They are kidding themselves , if they think that actually , these are helpful forums , '' says Callie 's mum , Sarah .
Always another way '' One of the things we hear from families often is that there are so many missed opportunities to save their loved ones , '' says Ms Morrissey .
`` What we 'd say to anyone who 's struggling to cope is suicidal feelings @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it at the time but they will pass and there is support available .
There is always another way . ''
But the support Callie needed was hard to come by .
Despite her mum 's efforts to get help from the NHS a series of errors meant she became lost in the system .
The last time Sarah saw Callie , was at a train station .
Desperately worried about her daughter , Sarah had called the police .
When there was no mental health bed available for Callie that night , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a police car .
Callie had a mental health assessment the next morning but denied having any immediate intention of wanting to kill herself .
She 'd already asked forum users for advice on convincing NHS staff she was OK before the assessment .
She also told mental health professionals that she did n't want her mum to be given any information about her treatment as she was over 18 .
Callie 's care was then taken over by her local Community Mental Health Team , who called Callie three times and got @ @ @ @ @ @ @ happens , someone must visit the person at home - but this did n't happen .
The person assigned to be Callie 's case worker then went off sick .
No one was appointed to take over Callie 's case .
It took 13 days before Kent and Medway NHS Trust realised Callie had gone missing and in that time , she had killed herself .
`` I kept her safe all her life and then the moment I asked for help she stops being safe and that 's just very hard for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ I feel I made the wrong decision , '' says Sarah .
`` It 's the thought of her just wondering around by herself lost and , nobody able to help her .
`` That really upsets me .
I just needed to know that somebody somewhere was caring for her and nobody was and I was n't able to . ''
Kent and Medway NHS Trust told Panorama it was `` deeply saddened by Callie 's tragic death '' .
`` We failed to provide Callie with the standard of care that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and we apologise unreservedly for this , '' it said in a statement .
The trust told Panorama it has improved its operating procedures and staffing levels .
An inquest into Callie 's death concluded that there had been a number of individual and organisational failures in her care amounting to gross failure .
Sarah says she is `` really grateful that they listened and acknowledged that her death could have been avoidable '' .
Now , Sarah wants Callie to be remembered for more than `` just her illness . ''
`` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ life but until those final few weeks I never thought she 'd actually do it .
I used to imagine her still alive at 90 surrounded by cats and cups of tea probably still saying she wanted to die . ''
`` I really do believe that her mind was one that could change the world if only the world was more accepting of people who are a little different , '' Sarah said at Callie 's funeral .
`` She would never have fitted in any normal mould , but we did @ @ @ @ @ @ @ watch Failed by the NHS : Callie 's Story on BBC1 at 20:30 on Monday night or on BBC iPlayer .
Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here .

Jan says Callie cut ties with him in the run-up to her death. "She felt that if she communicated with me she wouldn't be able to do it, but if she cut me off and communicated with them they would make sure she did it."


bbcuk--2020-02-10--Remarkable journey from refugee to Rhodes scholar

Growing up as an Afghan refugee in Pakistan , bloodshed was never far from Summia Tora 's life .
From her home - a single bedroom in a house shared by four families - she could hear the sound of drones landing not far from Peshawar , in northwest Pakistan , where her family had fled in the 1990s to escape the Taliban 's rise .
`` I was just living in this violence , but it was a given , so I could n't do anything about it , '' Summia says .
Sometimes there were bombings once or @ @ @ @ @ @ @ point , people stopped talking about it .
It would happen , and everyone would move on . ''
But life there was a privilege compared to Afghanistan , she tells the BBC .
At least she got to go to school .
On a visit to Kabul in 2002 , just after the US invasion , a girl not much older described only being able to attend school by pretending to be a boy .
Summia was six , but she remembers it clearly .
She vowed then that she would to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ hard to dispute that she has .
In October , Summia , now 22 , will become the first Rhodes Scholar to hail from Afghanistan , one of 102 students to earn a place in the 2020 class of the world 's oldest postgraduate scholarship .
Now finishing her last term at Earlham College , a liberal arts university in the US state of Indiana , her outlook is bright and she laughs with ease , the fluent torrent of her words belying the traumas of the journey that has taken her from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ happen at any time' To be called an educated Afghan woman is in itself a rarity .
Female literacy in Afghanistan today stands at 17 % , according to Unesco .
Though figures in neighbouring Pakistan are still poor - around 45 % of women can read - access to schooling is possible .
In contrast , in her home country `` even the people who could afford to go to school were not able to go… because there were n't any '' , Summia says .
So it was her unlikely fortune @ @ @ @ @ @ @ says - an irony given the region 's privations and dangers .
Thousands of US drone operations have flown over Northwest Pakistan since 2004 , as part of the so-called war on terror .
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , the province containing Peshawar , has been a major theatre for the decades-long Pakistani fight against insurgency .
• From a broken neck to a Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford The year Summia left Peshawar , 2014 , a militant bombing killed 139 pupils in one of the world 's worst ever school massacres .
`` There @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , a pressure , '' she says .
`` There 's always this feeling of being unsafe , because anything can happen at any time . ''
Learning was an escape .
But as refugees , her family had limited rights .
Her father could not get a driving licence and her access to schooling was tenuous , so she had to look elsewhere .
A fortuitous online search led her to find a high school , the United World Colleges ( UWC ) , which places international students in its network of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ experience of winning a place to the school , in New Mexico , was mired in violence .
A day after taking her entrance exam in Kabul in March 2014 , the hotel where it had been held was shot up by Taliban militants .
The Persian New Year terror attack on the Serena Hotel left nine dead , including the head of UWC 's selection committee , Roshan Thomas .
The Canadian doctor had been in the city to help give the exam .
Summia recalls how Dr Thomas had urged the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ one day `` come back to Afghanistan and do something to change the situation , because that 's the real purpose '' .
`` She was the main reason I applied .
Because she risked her life .
Because she believed that students like me , from countries like Afghanistan , or refugees from Pakistan , should have the opportunity to get an education . ''
It is a view that contradicts a legacy of imperialism linked to the Rhodes , one of the world 's best-known and most competitive scholarships .
Endowed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 1902 , it was initially intended to encourage closer ties between the US and Britain through funding postgraduate study at Oxford .
For most of its history , it was only open to men from the US , Germany and the Commonwealth .
Rhodes supported a vision that saw `` the bringing of the whole world under British rule '' .
• Why is Cecil Rhodes such a controversial figure ?
`` He was an imperialist who believed in white supremacy and did not want people of colour or women to be part @ @ @ @ @ @ @ says .
Initially , she did not want to apply .
She had a change of heart when it struck her that it would be easy to say no , she says , `` but it 's harder to accept it , take the burden of the legacy of it , and actually do something to change it - that 's a real responsibility . ''
`` I realised I should n't run away from admitting the colonial history , '' she adds .
`` It 's people like us who need to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' Summia plans a post-graduate course on refugee and migrant movement , and after that , she says she will return to the country her family once fled .
• My battle to open a school in Afghanistan The only Afghanistan she has known has been one of empty streets and bombed out buildings , but there is another in her mind - one she grew up hearing about from her father , before the wars that rent its streets to dust .
`` I always imagined it to be a valley , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ houses - big , beautiful houses , with beautiful architecture , '' she says .
`` Dried fruits and nuts , fresh fruits on the streets… a very modern Afghanistan . ''
It is there for those like her to build .

She had a change of heart when it struck her that it would be easy to say no, she says, "but it's harder to accept it, take the burden of the legacy of it, and actually do something to change it - that's a real responsibility."


bbcuk--2020-02-10--Rio and Kate Ferdinand: 'I was naive about being a stepmum-of-three at 27'

`` My mum thought I 'd lost my mind , '' says Kate Ferdinand .
The wife of former England and Manchester United defender , Rio , is discussing how her family first reacted to the news that she was dating an older man with three kids who had recently lost his first wife , Rebecca , to cancer .
That was 2017 - around the time Rio 's BBC documentary about adapting to life as a single parent was broadcast .
It was watched by more than seven million people .
He was used to getting stopped for selfies @ @ @ @ @ @ @ being hugged in the street by strangers .
Rio found filming it tough but says it really helped him .
`` I was broken before .
I felt like I was n't going to get out of that hole… Then I met Kate and everything changed . ''
Kate is 27 and 12 years younger than Rio .
She admits that she was a `` bit naive , '' about what life would be like as a stepmum to his three kids - Tia , 8 , Tate , 11 and Lorenz , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ into the family and I thought - woah - it 's going to be fine , but it 's a lot of hard work . ''
In person , Kate is warm and chatty .
She does most of the talking , at times stopping Rio going off topic .
It 's not surprising that Rio 's dad , Julian , describes her as `` strong-minded '' in the programme .
About six months after they met , Rio 's mum , Janice , also died of cancer adding to the family 's @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
She says the sense of responsibility to look after the kids meant their relationship `` moved faster '' than average .
Now , the loved-up pair who got married in Turkey last September - have teamed up to make a new film about the struggles of being a stepfamily .
`` I was a bit nervous , '' she admits .
`` During filming , I had bad days and did n't want to film because it brought up a lot of emotion .
But once we were in it , I @ @ @ @ @ @ @ people will relate to it and it can help them too . ''
According to data from the Office of National Statistics , about one in 10 families in England and Wales are stepfamilies .
But Lisa Doodson who runs Happy Steps , an organisation offering support to stepfamilies , believes this figure is an under-estimate .
She claims this is for several reasons including the fact that kids can only be associated with one household so if mum and dad both go on to have new relationships the children will only be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was used to just looking after me' Before meeting Rio through friends on holiday in Dubai , Kate was living a very different life as a reality TV star on The Only Way is Essex .
`` I was used to just looking after me , '' she says .
`` I did n't really cook .
I just went out for dinner or to my mum 's .
Looking after three kids and worrying about them before myself was something I 've never done before . ''
Her role on Towie gave @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the spotlight was like , but it was nothing compared to the scrutiny she would face when news of her relationship with Rio hit the headlines in early 2017 .
Describing the online backlash the couple experienced , he sounds hurt .
`` When you see comments on social media like 'oh he 's moved on a bit quick ' you think 'well , ok , but I hope you do n't have to go through this type of situation ' '' .
'People had a right to judge me' Kate is more @ @ @ @ @ @ @ family and friends ' reactions .
`` I was involved in a lot of drama on Towie with my ex [ Dan Edgar ] .
People are probably within their rights to judge me .
You would be worried about the new person coming in [ to the family ] and think - is she the right role model for the children ? ''
There 's been some online chat recently about the fact that stepmums get a bad name in books and films , sparked by a tweet on the subject by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ stepmum .
Kate agrees that it 's time to rethink how stepmums are portrayed .
`` Tia and I were watching a film the other day with an evil stepmum in it and I said ' I 'm not that horrible , am I ? '
'' She laughs but then gets serious .
`` Stepmums are always evil - you never see a film with a nice stepmum - we 've got that title .
But hopefully that can start to change . ''
It seems clear that Kate has helped Rio @ @ @ @ @ @ @ quit her job and spent time bonding with them , a period she says was a bit like her `` maternity leave '' .
The kids all played big roles in their wedding and the doc shows them sharing emotional moments at their mum and gran 's graves on Mother 's Day .
Most of Kate 's mates are in their twenties and either do n't have kids yet or have just had babies , so it ended up being Rebecca 's best friend , Lisa , who helped her find her feet @ @ @ @ @ @ @ lot , I do n't think I 'd be half the stepmum I am without her . ''
After everything their family has been through , Kate and Rio both agree that the five of them are genuinely in a `` good place '' .
Rio says his oldest son , Lorenz , sums it best : `` He says it 's a 'brighter house ' since Kate came - listening to the kids warms my heart because I know we 've made the right decision '' .
Rio and Kate : Becoming @ @ @ @ @ @ @ BBC One Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here .

Rio and Kate Ferdinand: 'I was naive about being a stepmum-of-three at 27' Published 10 February 2020
"My mum thought I'd lost my mind," says Kate Ferdinand. The wife of former England and Manchester United defender, Rio, is discussing how her family first reacted to the news that she was dating an older man with three kids who had recently lost his first wife, Rebecca, to cancer.
That was 2017 - around the time Rio's BBC documentary about adapting to life as a single parent was broadcast. It was watched by more than seven million people.
He was used to getting stopped for selfies by sports fans, suddenly he was being hugged in the street by strangers.
Rio found filming it tough but says it really helped him. "I was broken before. I felt like I wasn't going to get out of that hole… Then I met Kate and everything changed."
Kate is 27 and 12 years younger than Rio. She admits that she was a "bit naive," about what life would be like as a stepmum to his three kids - Tia, 8, Tate, 11 and Lorenz, 13. "Then I came into the family and I thought, woah, it's going to be fine - but it's a lot of hard work."
In person, Kate is warm and chatty. She does most of the talking, at times stopping Rio going off topic. It's not surprising that Rio's dad, Julian, describes her as "strong-minded" in the programme.
'Our relationship moved faster'
About six months after they met, Rio's mum, Janice, also died of cancer adding to the family's grief and the emotional challenge facing Kate. She says the sense of responsibility to look after the kids meant their relationship "moved faster" than average.
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Now, the loved-up pair who got married in Turkey last September - have teamed up to make a new film about the struggles of being a stepfamily.
"I was a bit nervous," she admits. "During filming, I had bad days and didn't want to film because it brought up a lot of emotion. But once we were in it, I really saw the effects. I hope people will relate to it and it can help them too."
According to data from the Office of National Statistics, about one in 10 families in England and Wales are stepfamilies.
But Dr Lisa Doodson who runs Happy Steps, an organisation offering support to stepfamilies, believes this figure is an under-estimate.
She claims this is for several reasons including the fact that kids can only be associated with one household so if mum and dad both go on to have new relationships the children will only be "counted once".
'I was used to just looking after me'
Before meeting Rio through friends on holiday in Dubai, Kate was living a very different life as a reality TV star on The Only Way is Essex.
"I was used to just looking after me," she says.
"I didn't really cook. I just went out for dinner or to my mum's. Looking after three kids and worrying about them before myself was something I've never done before."
Image caption, Kate and Rio encouraged the kids to go to grief counselling
Her role on Towie gave her an idea of what life in the spotlight was like, but it was nothing compared to the scrutiny she would face when news of her relationship with Rio hit the headlines in early 2017.
Describing the online backlash the couple experienced, he sounds hurt. "When you see comments on social media like 'oh he's moved on a bit quick' you think 'well, ok, but I hope you don't have to go through this type of situation'".
'People had a right to judge me'
Kate is more philosophical, especially when it comes to family and friends' reactions. "I was involved in a lot of drama on Towie with my ex [Dan Edgar]. People are probably within their rights to judge me. You would be worried about the new person coming in [to the family] and think - is she the right role model for the children?"
There's been some online chat recently about the fact that stepmums get a bad name in books and films, sparked by a tweet on the subject by presenter Fearne Cotton who is also a stepmum.
This Twitter post cannot be displayed in your browser. Please enable Javascript or try a different browser. View original content on Twitter The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Skip twitter post by fearne cotton Allow Twitter content? This article contains content provided by Twitter. We ask for your permission before anything is loaded, as they may be using cookies and other technologies. You may want to read Twitter’s cookie policy, external and privacy policy, external before accepting. To view this content choose ‘accept and continue’. Accept and continue The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. End of twitter post by fearne cotton
Kate agrees that it's time to rethink how stepmums are portrayed. "Tia and I were watching a film the other day with an evil stepmum in it and I said 'I'm not that horrible, am I?'"
She laughs but then gets serious. "Stepmums are always evil - you never see a film with a nice stepmum - we've got that title. But hopefully that can start to change."
It seems clear that Kate has helped Rio and his kids move forward. She quit her job and spent time bonding with them, a period she says was a bit like her "maternity leave".
The kids all played big roles in their wedding and the doc shows them sharing emotional moments at their mum and gran's graves on Mother's Day.
Image caption, Kate is more confident now in her role as stepmum
Most of Kate's mates are in their twenties and either don't have kids yet or have just had babies, so it ended up being Rebecca's best friend, Lisa, who helped her find her feet.
"She helped me through a lot, I don't think I'd be half the stepmum I am without her."
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After everything their family has been through, Kate and Rio both agree that the five of them are genuinely in a "good place".
Rio says his oldest son, Lorenz, sums it up best: "He says it's a 'brighter house' since Kate came - listening to the kids warms my heart because I know we've made the right decision".
Rio and Kate: Becoming a Stepfamily airs on Monday at 9pm on BBC One.
Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.


bbcuk--2020-02-10--Labour leadership: The party's ups and downs charted over a century

The new Labour leader faces a huge task .
The party 's performance at the 2019 General Election was its worst since 1935 .
Battered over Brexit , losing support in previous strongholds , and led by Jeremy Corbyn whose personal ratings were among the lowest ever recorded , Labour took a hammering .
Can the new leader turn around the party 's prospects ?
Here 's what 100 years of voting tells us about the scale of the task ahead .
Labour had its first prime minister in 1924 More than 700 million votes have been cast in UK @ @ @ @ @ @ @ million of them for Labour .
The party produced its first prime minister , Ramsay MacDonald , at the head of a minority government in 1924 .
Since then Labour has won eight general elections and produced five more prime ministers : Clement Atlee ( 1945-51 ) , Harold Wilson ( 1964-70 and 1974-76 ) , James Callaghan ( 1976-79 ) , Tony Blair ( 1997-2007 ) and Gordon Brown ( 2007-10 ) .
Labour is as weak now as it was in the 1930s The 2019 general election was a disaster for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with 202 out of 650 Commons seats .
Labour 's new leader will have fewer colleagues in the House of Commons than any Labour leader has had for 84 years .
• Who will be Labour 's next leader ?
• Does Labour need a new direction after Corbyn ?
The party lost heavily , even in areas where working class supporters had kept Labour afloat for generations .
Former mining communities in north-east England and Wales turned away .
The party lost seats in every English region except London .
In Scotland @ @ @ @ @ @ @ out of 59 , have been all but wiped out .
In 1983 Labour , under Michael Foot , won just seven seats more than its current tally .
Labour 's poor performance followed a damaging split which resulted in the formation of the Social Democratic Party ( SDP ) .
As in 2019 , Labour faced sharp criticism over a manifesto widely regarded as too radical .
Critics called it `` the longest suicide note in history '' .
Mr Foot also faced Conservative Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher , who was riding @ @ @ @ @ @ @ victory in the Falklands War against Argentina .
The outlook for the new leader may look bleak , but Labour has recovered from heavy defeats before .
After 1983 , it took the party a further 14 years to return to power - in 1997 , Tony Blair won a landslide victory .
The result ended 18 years of Conservative rule under Mrs Thatcher and John Major , and gave Labour 418 seats .
Tony Blair went on to win two more elections in 2001 and 2005 .
In electoral terms , he @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ever had .
Labour under Mr Blair and Gordon Brown was in power for 13 years .
Similarly , in 1945 Labour overcame huge challenges to win with a substantial majority .
The Conservative Prime Minister , Winston Churchill , had just led the country to victory over the Nazis .
The election took place less than two months after the end of the fighting in Europe .
The Labour leader Clement Atlee mounted a hugely successful campaign for a programme of post-war rebuilding .
His 145-seat majority , Labour 's first , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ programme of reforms , including the introduction of the National Health Service .
What are the possible routes back to power ?
Probably the `` simplest '' way to win would be to recapture most of the seats Labour has lost since the last victory in 2005 .
These charts show that the parts of the UK where Labour has fallen back most are Scotland and the Midlands - definitely not London where the party has actually grown stronger .
A huge difficulty with this would be finding a leader , and policies @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Conservatives on the one hand , and the SNP on the other .
It would just about be possible to do it without Scotland - Tony Blair always had a majority of English seats - but that would require significant gains across the Midlands and the north of England - plus some parts of the south .
A third route , but perhaps the least plausible , is a major realignment where Labour won swathes of southern England which the party has never held before .
Whatever strategy the new leader chooses @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of them .
If Labour is to make big gains next time , the historical record suggests they are unlikely to come in south-east England .
At no point in the past 100 years has Labour won a majority of the seats there and the Tories have dominated almost the whole region .
Tony Blair and Clement Atlee made some gains , but even they were limited .
Hugh Gaitskell , who was leader from 1955 to 1963 , Harold Wilson ( 1963-76 ) , James Callaghan ( 1976-80 ) and Neil Kinnock @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Labour leaders from Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s right up to Ed Miliband in 2015 saw Scotland as fertile ground .
Even Michael Foot took 41 seats there in 1983 .
The Scottish National Party ( SNP ) , which was founded in 1934 , made some gains in the 1970s but took just two seats in 1983 .
It could hardly be more different now .
The outlook for the new Labour leader in Scotland is bleak .
Since 2015 , the SNP under Alex Salmond and then Nicola Sturgeon has dominated @ @ @ @ @ @ @ out in 2015 .
It made a small comeback in 2017 , but was almost wiped out again in 2019 .
Labour needs to win back constituencies in north-east England In England , the north east has been Labour 's most loyal stronghold .
Former mining communities and other predominantly working class areas voted Labour in large numbers from the party 's earliest days .
But even here the Tories made significant gains in 2019 .
The Conservatives have a higher proportion of north-east England seats than at any time since 1935 .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Labour seat from 1950 to 2019 , and Bishop Auckland , Labour from 1935 to 2019 , back into the fold will be a major challenge for Labour 's new leader .
The Conservative government under Boris Johnson has signalled it will fight hard to stop that happening .
London and north-west England may offer some hope London could be an exception for Labour and its new leader as the capital remains a predominantly Labour city .
In 2019 the party performed there as well as it has in any election since 1950 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Tony Blair .
Holding on to seats in London may be an easier task for the new leader than extending support outwards from the capital .
Likewise the north west of England could be more fertile ground for the new Labour leader .
The party lost seats in this region in 2019 , but still holds more than half which is a higher proportion than it held during most of the 20th Century .
We analysed data from every general election since 1918 held by the House of Commons Library .
Each election @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
We did not include by-elections .
Data for Northern Ireland were available from 1922 onwards .
There have been numerous changes to constituency boundaries and changes in the number of seats in the House of Commons since 1918 .
The height of each nation or region in the charts is proportional to its current number of constituencies .
So Scotland occupies 59/650ths of the graph and Northern Ireland occupies 18/650ths of the graph height as they currently have 59 and 18 constituencies respectively ( out of a total of 650 ) .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ seats that were fought in a given election .
We have gathered some parties into one category , for example the Liberal Party and the Liberal Democrats or Labour and Independent Labour .
Prior to 1974 , Ulster Unionists are listed in the House of Commons data as Conservatives as they took the Conservative whip .
We have also excluded the small numbers of university seats which existed before 1945 and second seats from the two-seat constituencies that existed before 1950 .
Neither significantly alters the proportions shown in the charts .

Labour leadership: A century of ups and downs in charts Published 10 February 2020
Image source, Getty Images
The new Labour leader faces a huge task. The party's performance at the 2019 General Election was its worst since 1935.
Battered over Brexit, losing support in previous strongholds, and led by Jeremy Corbyn whose personal ratings were among the lowest ever recorded, Labour took a hammering.
Can the new leader turn around the party's prospects?
Here's what 100 years of voting tells us about the scale of the task ahead.
Labour had its first prime minister in 1924
More than 700 million votes have been cast in UK general elections since 1918, some 300 million of them for Labour.
The party produced its first prime minister, Ramsay MacDonald, at the head of a minority government in 1924.
Image source, Getty Images Image caption, Labour's first Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald
Since then Labour has won eight general elections and produced five more prime ministers: Clement Attlee (1945-51), Harold Wilson (1964-70 and 1974-76), James Callaghan (1976-79), Tony Blair (1997-2007) and Gordon Brown (2007-10).
Labour is as weak now as it was in the 1930s
The 2019 general election was a disaster for Labour, leaving Jeremy Corbyn's party with 202 out of 650 Commons seats.
Labour's new leader will have fewer colleagues in the House of Commons than any Labour leader has had for 84 years.
The party lost heavily, even in areas where working class supporters had kept Labour afloat for generations.
Former mining communities in north-east England and Wales turned away. The party lost seats in every English region except London.
In Scotland, Labour, with just one seat out of 59, have been all but wiped out.
Labour has suffered heavy defeats before
In 1983 Labour, under Michael Foot, won just seven seats more than its current tally.
Labour's poor performance followed a damaging split which resulted in the formation of the Social Democratic Party (SDP).
As in 2019, Labour faced sharp criticism over a manifesto widely regarded as too radical. Critics called it "the longest suicide note in history".
Image source, Getty Images Image caption, Michael Foot with Labour's 1983 manifesto
Mr Foot also faced Conservative Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who was riding a crest of popularity, buoyed by victory in the Falklands War against Argentina.
Labour has made some big come-backs
The outlook for the new leader may look bleak, but Labour has recovered from heavy defeats before.
After 1983, it took the party a further 14 years to return to power - in 1997, Tony Blair won a landslide victory.
The result ended 18 years of Conservative rule under Mrs Thatcher and John Major, and gave Labour 418 seats.
Tony Blair went on to win two more elections in 2001 and 2005. In electoral terms, he is the most successful leader Labour has ever had.
Labour under Mr Blair and Gordon Brown was in power for 13 years.
Image source, Getty Images Image caption, Tony Blair won three elections for Labour: 1997, 2001 and 2005
Similarly, in 1945 Labour overcame huge challenges to win with a substantial majority.
The Conservative Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, had just led the country to victory over the Nazis.
The election took place less than two months after the end of the fighting in Europe.
The Labour leader Clement Attlee mounted a hugely successful campaign for a programme of post-war rebuilding.
Image source, Getty Images Image caption, Labour leader Clement Attlee won a landslide victory in the 1945 general election
His 145-seat majority, Labour's first, enabled Mr Attlee to introduce a sweeping programme of reforms, including the introduction of the National Health Service.
What are the possible routes back to power?
Analysis from Peter Barnes, BBC Senior Political Analyst
Probably the "simplest" way to win would be to recapture most of the seats Labour has lost since the last victory in 2005.
These charts show that the parts of the UK where Labour has fallen back most are Scotland and the Midlands - definitely not London where the party has actually grown stronger.
A huge difficulty with this would be finding a leader, and policies, that could attract voters lost to the Conservatives on the one hand, and the SNP on the other.
It would just about be possible to do it without Scotland - Tony Blair always had a majority of English seats - but that would require significant gains across the Midlands and the north of England - plus some parts of the south.
A third route, but perhaps the least plausible, is a major realignment where Labour won swathes of southern England which the party has never held before.
Whatever strategy the new leader chooses, they have a massive task ahead of them.
Scotland and south-east England are a big challenge
If Labour is to make big gains next time, the historical record suggests they are unlikely to come in south-east England.
At no point in the past 100 years has Labour won a majority of the seats there and the Tories have dominated almost the whole region.
Tony Blair and Clement Attlee made some gains, but even they were limited.
Hugh Gaitskell, who was leader from 1955 to 1963, Harold Wilson (1963-76), James Callaghan (1976-80) and Neil Kinnock (1983-92) made little impact.
Labour leaders from Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s right up to Ed Miliband in 2015 saw Scotland as fertile ground.
Even Michael Foot took 41 seats there in 1983.
The Scottish National Party (SNP), which was founded in 1934, made some gains in the 1970s but took just two seats in 1983.
It could hardly be more different now. The outlook for the new Labour leader in Scotland is bleak.
Since 2015, the SNP under Alex Salmond and then Nicola Sturgeon has dominated almost completely. Labour was almost wiped out in 2015.
It made a small comeback in 2017, but was almost wiped out again in 2019.
Labour needs to win back constituencies in north-east England
In England, the north east has been Labour's most loyal stronghold.
Former mining communities and other predominantly working class areas voted Labour in large numbers from the party's earliest days.
But even here the Tories made significant gains in 2019.
The Conservatives have a higher proportion of north-east England seats than at any time since 1935.
Bringing constituencies like Blythe Valley, a Labour seat from 1950 to 2019, and Bishop Auckland, Labour from 1935 to 2019, back into the fold will be a major challenge for Labour's new leader.
The Conservative government under Boris Johnson has signalled it will fight hard to stop that happening.
London and north-west England may offer some hope
London could be an exception for Labour and its new leader as the capital remains a predominantly Labour city.
In 2019 the party performed there as well as it has in any election since 1950, except when Labour was led by Tony Blair.
Holding on to seats in London may be an easier task for the new leader than extending support outwards from the capital.
Likewise the north west of England could be more fertile ground for the new Labour leader.
The party lost seats in this region in 2019, but still holds more than half which is a higher proportion than it held during most of the 20th Century.
Methodology and caveats
We analysed data from every general election since 1918 held by the House of Commons Library.
Each election occupies the same width on the graph.
We did not include by-elections.
Data for Northern Ireland were available from 1922 onwards.
There have been numerous changes to constituency boundaries and changes in the number of seats in the House of Commons since 1918.
The height of each nation or region in the charts is proportional to its current number of constituencies. So Scotland occupies 59/650ths of the graph and Northern Ireland occupies 18/650ths of the graph height as they currently have 59 and 18 constituencies respectively (out of a total of 650).
That height is divided between all the seats that were fought in a given election.
We have gathered some parties into one category, for example the Liberal Party and the Liberal Democrats or Labour and Independent Labour.
Prior to 1974, Ulster Unionists are listed in the House of Commons data as Conservatives as they took the Conservative whip.
We have also excluded the small numbers of university seats which existed before 1945 and second seats from the two-seat constituencies that existed before 1950.
Neither significantly alters the proportions shown in the charts.


bbcuk--2020-02-10--Storm Ciara: In pictures

Storm Ciara: In pictures

Sporting events were cancelled throughout the UK , including in Manchester , which was also hit by floods .
Manchester @ @ @ @ @ against West Ham was among the cancellations

Storm Ciara swept across the UK on Sunday, with heavy rain and gusts of up to 97mph causing widespread flooding and major disruption on the transport network.