bbcuk--2020-09-11--Coronavirus: Face masks in shops to be mandatory in Wales

People in Wales must wear face masks in shops and other indoor public spaces from Monday , the first minister has announced .
Mark Drakeford said the change came as 20 people in every 100,000 in Wales now had coronavirus .
Indoor meetings of more than six from an extended household will be illegal from Monday .
The rule will not apply to children under 11 and up to 30 people from different homes can still meet outside .
Mr Drakeford said the rate of 20 people in 100,000 was the `` threshold we use for people to have to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
He said if the figure fell , the advice on face masks could be looked at again .
• Live : Updates on new restrictions across Wales • Step-by-step guide to making your own face mask • Where do I have to wear a face covering now ?
The new mask rule was coming in from Monday to give people time to buy them and Mr Drakeford said he was `` confident '' people would follow the new rules .
Masks were not `` some sort of magic wand '' but `` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ we are taking '' to avert a crisis .
He added : `` There will be signage , there will be policing , but policing is the last resort .
What we want to do is educate , inform , persuade . ''
`` We are introducing them now when in many parts of Wales the virus remains in low suppression .
`` But because we are detecting a rise , particularly in some parts of Wales , we want to try and take measures to get ahead of this curve and try @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that we have seen elsewhere , so we do not have to take even more significant measure in future . ''
Masks would not be mandatory in workplaces , Mr Drakeford said , and wearing them in school did `` not seem proportionate . ''
He warned action could be taken if the six people rule was flouted .
Plaid Cymru leader Adam Price said the face coverings announcement `` was very welcome '' though the evidence on them was `` never going to be 100 % . ''
He said advice about @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to be `` clear '' .
`` We are at a critical point and we have to get a clear strong message out , '' he said .
Conservative Member of the Senedd , Darren Millar , said on Twitter the Welsh Conservatives had been calling for mandatory masks in shops since early July : `` On Wednesday we tabled a debate in the Welsh Parliament .
Today , the Welsh Labour-led Government finally act . ''
The Federation of Small Businesses hoped the new mask rules would `` provide reassurance '' to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ USDAW urged customers to continue treating staff with respect .
Head of the Welsh Retail Consortium , Sara Jones , said : `` The move to make wearing face coverings mandatory is further proof there will be no immediate return to normal shopping . ''
Neil Butler , of teachers union NASUWT , worried about schools : `` The Welsh Government is positively saying no , we do not want face coverings in those particular environments . ''
Ministers said restrictions on people meeting followed an increase in cases linked to people socialising @ @ @ @ @ @ @ been able to form an extended household and meet since late August .
Until now , there has been no legal limit on how many people could gather .
Mr Drakeford said the rule of up to 30 people being allowed to meet outdoors would include peoples ' gardens .
• Bubble trouble ?
What can you now do in lockdown ?
• New rules 'no longer than we have to ' - Hancock The new restriction will apply in pubs and restaurants , as well as private homes .
It comes after @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Taff were asked to wear masks in indoor public spaces and in work , and only use public transport if it was essential .
The new rules will not apply in Caerphilly county borough , which was put under local lockdown on Tuesday , where all extended household meetings are currently banned indoors .
Mr Drakeford will confirm the changes as part of his review into Wales ' coronavirus restrictions at a press conference on Friday .
The move comes after other parts of the UK also restricted meetings to six - but @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The UK government is restricting gatherings in England to just six people from Monday , with some exceptions .
The number of people that can meet in Scotland has also been cut to six .
Wales ' coronavirus rules mean people can only be part of a single extended household , which can not be changed once arranged .
Despite the gradual easing of restrictions over the summer , meetings indoors with anyone outside your extended household have remained illegal .
The recent rise in cases seen in Caerphilly county was blamed on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in large numbers .
The area has seen one of the highest rates of cases in the whole of the UK , with 91.1 cases per 100,000 people over seven days .
On Thursday , residents of Rhondda Cynon Taff and Merthyr Tydfil were asked to follow a range of measures to avoid a local lockdown .
People have been asked to work from home if they can , not to visit care homes , and wear face masks in indoor or crowded public spaces .
Merthyr Tydfil has the second highest coronavirus @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .

"All those little anxieties I had before the lockdown are back. I am a bit worried about not being able to see my family, the children not being able to see their grandparents. That's going to be hard again".


bbcuk--2020-09-11--Coronavirus: 200 jobs at risk at Bangor University

Up to 200 jobs are at risk at one of Wales ' oldest universities as it deals with the impact of the coronavirus pandemic .
Bangor University , which has more than 2,000 staff , said a fall in the number of international students enrolling had forced it to make savings .
Local politicians said the potential job losses were a `` severe blow '' to the area .
The university said it had tried to minimise the impact of Covid-19 .
`` The university has started a period of consultation on how these savings might best be achieved , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ at the heart of the university and our priority in any changes will be to ensure that their experience is not only protected but also enhanced . ''
The university hopes to get financial support from the Welsh Government 's £50m Covid-19 higher education help fund .
Jobs were lost at the university in 2019 after it shut its chemistry department and downsized other areas to save about £5m .
Some UK universities have warned they may `` go bust '' in the coronavirus crisis without government help , with a potential fall @ @ @ @ @ @ @ sources .
Bangor University is thought to be the first higher education institution in Wales to have such widespread job losses .
`` This is a huge blow to the area and anxious times lie ahead for staff and their families , '' said Member of the Senedd for Arfon Sian Gwenllian .
`` Bangor University is a large important employer and is vital in improving the local economy through research and providing vital skills for the workforce needed for the future .
`` All possible steps must be taken to protect the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ situation has not been helped by the chaos surrounding this year 's A-level results in England , which may have resulted in some students diverting to other universities , '' he said .
These were `` incredibly challenging '' times , he added .
`` I hope it is possible to mitigate the impact on staff through voluntary redundancies . ''

"Students are at the heart of the university and our priority in any changes will be to ensure that their experience is not only protected but also enhanced."


bbcuk--2020-09-11--Southampton BOATS2020: Axing shows 'will devastate business'

Cancelling two boat shows `` at the 11th hour '' will `` devastate '' local business , an MP has said .
Conservative MP for Southampton Itchen Royston Smith said they were `` critical '' to the city 's economy and recovery .
Labour-led Southampton City Council said the shows were cancelled due to an increased national spread of Covid-19 .
The annual Southampton International Boat Show - which has been postponed and replaced with the scaled-down BOATS2020 - has been staged in the city for more than 50 years and last year 's event attracted more than 100,000 visitors @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to visit the city for the two shows over the next 10 days .
Mr Smith said in a tweet on Thursday he was `` bitterly disappointed '' by the `` 11th hour decision '' .
Speaking to BBC News he said : `` This is devastating to business . ''
He added this was a `` further assault '' to local firms after some areas of the city had already been closed to through traffic Lesley Robinson , chief executive of British Marine , which organised BOATS2020 , had said she was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , after receiving the news at 18:30 BST on Thursday .
Tim Mayer , sales and marketing director at MDL which is responsible for the show in Ocean Village , described the decision as `` devastating to the industry '' .
`` We understand that the council is worried about an influx of visitors ; however , the company has strived to develop a show that offers visitors an appointment-only , controlled and safe show , '' he added .
Marisa Kellett said : `` We need the economy running , why did @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to get ahead if they were that concerned ? ''
Replying to Mr Smith 's tweet , Donna Aburrow said : `` Do n't be silly this was never a good idea .
Glad they made the right choice .
Let 's keep our city safe . ''
Southampton City Council 's director of public health , Debbie Chase , said although local cases of Covid-19 were low , the national picture showed a concerning rise in cases .
`` It 's important we act now to reduce the risk of infection , @ @ @ @

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bbcuk--2020-09-11--Coronavirus: Who are the Covid marshals and what will they do?

Covid-secure marshals will be introduced in towns and city centres in England to help ensure social distancing rules are followed , Prime Minister Boris Johnson says .
However , the plans have been criticised .
Conservative MP Steve Baker said it would `` turn every public space in Britain into the equivalent of going through airport security '' .
In order to do this , he said marshals would be introduced and a register of environmental health officers - who councils could use for support - would be set up .
Who will the marshals be ?
The Local Government @ @ @ @ @ @ @ new responsibilities for councils in this area will have to be fully funded '' , but there has been no funding announced by government .
The Ministry for Housing , Communities and Local Government told the BBC that some areas of the country had already introduced marshals and it would see where else they were needed .
Leeds City Council told the BBC it had introduced six night marshals `` who were in place over four weeks and who did not have any enforcement powers '' .
It said these marshals `` were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and effective in supporting the evening and night-time economy to reopen safely '' .
The council said they would be present during the busiest times of the day to `` give friendly help and guidance to those visiting and working '' in the area .
What powers will they have ?
The government has still to set out details of what marshals will do , and says those decisions will be a matter for local authorities .
In areas where marshals have already been introduced , they have done things like giving out @ @ @ @ @ @ @ questions and explained social distancing guidelines to members of the public .
Marshals do not have the power to enforce social distancing or to issue fines to anyone who breaks the rules .
Who will enforce the rules for hospitality venues ?
Regulation of these premises is a role for local authorities and the Health and Safety Executive ( HSE ) , but there have been concerns about a lack of resources .

Before the government funding announcement, the BBC contacted more than 120 councils to ask whether they were currently using marshals, had done so at some point during the pandemic, or planned to use them in the future.


bbcuk--2020-09-11--Rule of six is ‘hammer’ blow for holiday cottages

With foreign holidays a precarious business this year , self-catering rentals across the country saw a boom ; at least if you could n't get abroad you could `` staycation '' with family .
But some would-be holidaymakers are now being forced to cancel their plans .
From Monday , new rules will limit the number of people that can holiday together .
And it will deal `` a hammer blow '' to the sector , says Alistair Handyside , who represents holiday rental owners .
Under the previous rules in England , two families were permitted to meet if @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a maximum of 30 people .
The new rules allow a maximum of six people from separate bubbles to gather .
This is also the case in Scotland , and inside in Wales .
Mr Handyside , who chairs the Professional Association of Self-Caterers , says after what has already been a difficult year , the new rules will bring yet more upheaval that could leave larger properties standing empty .
• What are social distancing and self-isolation rules ?
• New rules 'no longer than we have to ' - Hancock When @ @ @ @ @ @ @ at Best of Suffolk , its head of operations , Tim Ripman , admits the team `` tried not to panic '' .
Out of 410 properties that the firm markets in the East of England , 118 sleep seven guests or more .
Until this week , the website boasted that their properties were perfect for large or extended family getaways , particularly `` in a year where being together is what matters most '' .
So this is a `` big curve ball '' thrown at the business .
`` It @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Our largest properties generate the largest income for us , '' says Mr Ripman .
Best of Suffolk is contacting customers to discuss whether they want to adapt their numbers , postpone their holidays or request a refund .
`` Hopefully there are ways to still offer them a holiday at the destination they 've chosen , maybe down the line , '' he says .
Larger holiday rentals firms including Center Parcs and Hoseasons ' owner Awaze confirmed that they would do the same - seek to rebook customers for a later @ @ @ @ @ @ @ refund where preferred .
What are my rights to a refund ?
The rule of six has created one big problem for larger groups planning a late summer getaway .
With the new rules backed by law , there are relatively clear rights to a refund for those whose plans have been affected and have already paid .
Guidance from the Competition and Markets Authority says that consumers should expect a full refund if lockdown laws make it illegal to use that service .
Ultimately , courts would decide disputed cases , but @ @ @ @ @ @ @ birthday party bookings should be covered .
The consumer group Which ?
says that this should prevent anyone being left out of pocket for obeying the law .
Matt Fox , co-founder of Big-Cottages.com , which offers tens of thousands of larger properties , says there was a sharp drop in traffic to the website when the new rules were announced .
`` It 's a real shame , '' he says .
`` The sector was just starting to find its feet again and had the rug pulled out from under it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ government needed to act in the face of a growing number of coronavirus cases , but he does n't think the `` blanket rules '' make much sense .
`` A self-catering rural holiday with two families mixing seems as low-risk as you could get , '' he says .
It strikes him as inconsistent to allow people to mix in the pub and fly overseas , while he ca n't go for a weekend away in the UK with his sister 's family .
Alistair Handyside says for smaller operators like himself @ @ @ @ @ @ @ uneconomic .
Last winter , he spent £250,000 converting a barn on his property in Devon that sleeps between 20 and 32 .
While he has two smaller cottages he can still let , the larger one is , for the time being , a very expensive `` white elephant '' .
He says what matters now is what happens over the next few weeks in the run-up to the festive season .
`` If we do n't get December with Christmas and New Year , which are peak weeks , we will @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' Have you changed your plans because of the six-person rule ?
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bbcuk--2020-09-10--Live at Home: How BBC Radio 2 pulled off a festival during a pandemic

Two weeks ago , in a walled garden in Hertfordshire , Sir Tom Jones played a greatest hits set to an audience of crickets , butterflies and Trevor Nelson .
`` I felt like I 'd regressed 20 years and gone to my first concert , '' enthuses the DJ .
`` He was incredible .
Just celebrated his 80th birthday and his voice was still great , so I felt really , really privileged . ''
Under normal circumstances , Nelson would n't be treated to a private audience with a singing knight of the realm .
But these @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a plan afoot .
This Sunday should have been the 10th instalment of BBC Radio 2 Live In Hyde Park - a `` festival in a day '' that sees the nation 's biggest radio station throw a huge party for 50,000 fans in central London .
This year 's line-up was signed and sealed at the start of 2020 , but it soon became apparent that coronavirus was going to play havoc with the live music industry .
`` A lot of us realised in March that things were going to be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 's head of music Jeff Smith .
`` And I thought to myself , 'We need to make some plans ' . ''
Almost immediately , he says , he `` had a vision that we would try to replicate the feel of a park or an outdoor event in the context of a virtual concert '' .
The search began for an alternative venue - one sufficiently secluded to stop crowds gathering , but big enough to accommodate the articulated trucks the BBC would need to build a set and film the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( an undisclosed but impressive manor house outside London ) , Smith went back to the artists .
Some had to pull out , but the core line-up remained intact .
And so , this weekend , audiences will get to see and hear Sir Tom playing in the open air alongside The Killers , Craig David , Chic , Sheryl Crow , The Pretenders , Erasure and McFly for Radio 2 Live At Home .
`` Let 's be honest , we 've actually provided them with a decent backdrop , '' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ TV coverage with Jo Whiley .
`` I 've seen enough bookshelves to last a lifetime . ''
Pulling the concert together was no easy task .
The crew had to be kept to a bare minimum , and every performer had to have Covid-19 tests and temperature checks on site .
`` The risk assessment was about 35 pages long , '' says Rhys Hughes , head of content for the BBC 's Live Music team .
But even after months of planning , Hughes was ambushed by the one thing he @ @ @ @ @ @ @ weather .
`` We caught the back of Storm Ellen as we were building the set , '' he says .
`` The crew had 50 or 60mph winds , torrential rain and lightning , and a couple of trees went down . ''
Chrissie Hynde of The Pretenders had to perform her soundcheck in the middle of a downpour - but when it came to filming the actual performances , `` the weather gods smiled on us and we just about got away with it '' .
For many of the performers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ they 'd had to perform live in months - albeit without an audience .
`` It was a bit surreal , if I 'm honest , '' says Rebecca Ferguson , who recorded her half of a duet with US-based Nile Rodgers on the day .
`` It felt a bit like I was partying alone in a field - but I had my mum dance about and had fun on my own .
`` Just to get out there and sing again ...
I felt so grateful to be able to do @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 's very naked for the artists because there was no feedback from the audience .
So they had to be seasoned performers who could still turn it on . ''
Some , like Erasure 's Andy Bell , were inspired by the scenery .
`` It really was an immersive wildlife experience , '' he says , `` with actual butterflies and bees darting around the flowers - so you may see a few little creatures photobombing the set ! ''
Others , like McFly , were transported back to their early days @ @ @ @ @ @ @ gig I ever did was for my nan 's birthday in the garden like this , '' observes bassist Dougie Poynter .
`` Yeah , I 've done a few of these , '' replies his bandmate Danny Jones .
`` You know , when your mum goes , 'Why do n't you play at the barbecue tonight with your band ' ? ''
However , the lack of an audience posed a challenge for Hughes .
How to capture the show on film without it feeling sterile ?
`` I 've seen @ @ @ @ @ @ @ shows in venues in America and it just looks awful , '' he confesses .
`` They 're in a 4,000-capacity venue with 300 people inside and it ca n't be a great experience .
`` So it 's difficult to get that atmosphere , and we had to concentrate on the music and how we film and record that , to shoot it tight and make the visual backdrop look interesting for the audience . ''
Sheryl Crow , filming at her home in Nashville , had a more creative solution to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ no actual audience I thought I 'd bring my own on a little electronic speaker which let me play in some clapping sounds , '' she says .
`` It was n't quite a stadium roar , but a bit of fun for the performance . ''
The American acts all brought an extra touch of glamour - with The Killers playing a set on top of Caesar 's Palace in Las Vegas and Gregory Porter performing to panoramic views of Los Angeles from the roof of the Capitol Records building ( accompanied @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Orchestra ) .
The footage looks spectacular , providing a breath of fresh air after months of lo-fi live streams .
`` Live from Lady Gaga 's kitchen - we 've all probably had enough of that , '' laughs Hughes .
But the Live At Home concert also highlights a more serious problem - the future of the live music industry .
With concerts cancelled all summer long , and for the foreseeable future , up to 60 % of jobs in the sector could be lost .
For many of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , from the caterers to the stage hands , it was the first job they 'd had all year .
`` Some of them said they 'd had job offers in Dubai , '' says Nelson .
`` Another guy had n't done anything .
The caterers were saying normally they 'd be doing festivals .
So it hit home to me how strangling Covid is for live performances .
`` It 's really cut the guts out of the live music industry . ''
No-one really wants to repeat this socially-distanced version @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the government has just announced plans to trial mass testing for audiences for indoor and outdoor venues - but the possibility is always there .
`` Who really knows ? ''
says Smith .
`` In my head , I 'm planning for next year .
I 've got headliners .
But we just do n't know where those people will be at that particular time . ''
Hughes says everyone in the live music sector is `` watching the money to see what happens with football '' .
`` If we 're @ @ @ @ @ @ @ full again by the end of the season next May , then hopefully things will be good .
If we get a second spike , I think all bets are off for 2021 . ''
But for now , Smith is optimistic that audiences will enjoy the alternative festival - even if they 're missing out on the `` trestle tables and the hampers in the park '' .
`` I 'm not sure this is better than Hyde Park would be , '' he says .
`` But in many ways I @ @ @ @ @ @ @ feel like .
`` So instead of feeling like an excuse and an apology , we 've made a virtue of it . ''
Radio 2 's Live at Home festival will be broadcast this weekend on BBC Radio 2 , BBC Sound and BBC iPlayer , with TV highlights on BBC Two .
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If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news @ bbc.co.uk .

Once the location was identified (an undisclosed but impressive manor house outside London), Smith went back to the artists. Some had to pull out, but the core line-up remained intact. And so, this weekend, audiences will get to see and hear Sir Tom playing in the open air alongside The Killers, Craig David, Chic, Sheryl Crow, The Pretenders, Erasure and McFly for Radio 2 Live At Home.


bbcuk--2020-09-11--Coronavirus: Further 33 Covid cases after charity match

The event at Burnside Working Men 's Club ( WMC ) , in Fencehouses on the border of Sunderland and Durham , took place on 30 August .
Durham County Council confirmed a further 33 people had tested positive bringing the total number of cases to 61 .
About 300 people who attended are having to self-isolate for 14 days .
Durham County Council has been working with Sunderland City Council and Public Health England to manage the response .
Amanda Healy , director of Public Health at Durham Council , said : `` We were aware that a large @ @ @ @ @ @ @ attended the event so we always expected the number of cases to rise .
`` We would like to reiterate that our initial advice remains the same - anyone who attended the event should self-isolate for 14 days unless they 're contacted individually by NHS Test and Trace with further advice . ''
Gillian Gibson , director of public health at Sunderland City Council , said : `` We are seeing increases in the number of confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Sunderland particularly in the Houghton area so it 's incredibly important that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ . ''
Last week Burnside WMC said `` if we knew at the time what we know now '' then the match `` would never have gone ahead '' .
What do I need to know about the coronavirus ?

"We would like to reiterate that our initial advice remains the same - anyone who attended the event should self-isolate for 14 days unless they're contacted individually by NHS Test and Trace with further advice."


bbcuk--2020-09-10--Coronavirus: Who would get the vaccine first?

If or when scientists succeed in making a coronavirus vaccine , there wo n't be enough to go around .
Research labs and pharmaceutical companies are rewriting the rulebook on the time it takes to develop , test and manufacture an effective vaccine .
Unprecedented steps are being taken to ensure roll-out of the vaccine is global .
But there are concerns that the race to get one will be won by the richest countries , at the expense of the most vulnerable .
So who will get it first , how much will it cost and , in a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ sure nobody gets left behind ?
Vaccines to fight infectious diseases usually take years to develop , test and deliver .
Even then , their success is not guaranteed .
To date , only one human infectious disease has been totally eradicated - smallpox - and that took 200 years .
The rest - from polio to tetanus , measles , mumps and TB - we live with , or without , thanks to vaccinations .
How soon can we expect a coronavirus vaccine ?
Trials involving thousands of people are already under @ @ @ @ @ @ @ against Covid-19 , the respiratory disease caused by coronavirus .
A process that usually takes five to 10 years , from research to delivery , is being pared down to months .
In the meantime , manufacturing is being scaled up - with investors and manufacturers risking billions of dollars to be ready to produce an effective vaccine .
Russia says trials of its Sputnik-V vaccine have shown signs of an immune response in patients and mass vaccination will start in October .
China says it has developed a successful vaccine that is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
But concerns have been raised about the speed at which both vaccines have been produced .
Neither are on the World Health Organization 's list of vaccines that have reached phase three clinical trials - the stage that involves more widespread testing in humans .
Some of these leading candidates hope to get their vaccine approved by the end of the year - although the WHO has said it does not expect to see widespread vaccinations against Covid-19 until the middle of 2021 .
British drug manufacturer AstraZeneca , which has the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is ramping up its global manufacturing capacity and has agreed to supply 100 million doses to the UK alone and possibly two billion globally - should it prove successful .
Clinical trials were paused this week after a participant had a suspected adverse reaction in the UK .
Pfizer and BioNTech , who say they have invested more than $ 1bn in their Covid-19 programme developing an mRNA vaccine , expect to be ready to seek some form of regulatory approval as early as October this year .
If approved , that would @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by the end of 2020 and potentially more than 1.3 billion doses by the end of 2021 .
There are around 20 other pharmaceutical companies with clinical trials under way .
Not all of them will succeed - normally only about 10 % of vaccine trials are successful .
The hope is that the global focus , new alliances , and common purpose will raise the odds this time .
But even if one of these vaccines is successful , the immediate shortfall is clear .
• How close to developing a vaccine @ @ @ @ @ @ @ bets to secure potential vaccines , making deals for millions of doses with a range of candidates before anything has been officially certified or approved .
The UK government , for example , has signed deals for undisclosed sums for six potential coronavirus vaccines that may or may not prove successful .
The US hopes to get 300 million doses by January from its investment programme to fast-track a successful vaccine .
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) has even advised states to be prepared for a vaccine @ @ @ @ @ @ @ But not all countries are in a position to do likewise .
Organisations such the Medecins Sans Frontieres , often on the frontline delivering vaccines , say locking in advanced deals with pharmaceutical companies creates `` a dangerous trend of vaccine nationalism by richer nations '' .
This in turn reduces global stocks available to the vulnerable in poorer countries .
In the past , the price of life-saving vaccines has left countries struggling to fully immunise children against diseases such as meningitis , for example .
Dr Mariângela Simão , the WHO @ @ @ @ @ @ @ medicines and health products , says we need to ensure vaccine nationalism is held in check .
`` The challenge will be to ensure equitable access - that all countries have access , not just those who can pay more . ''
The WHO is working with the epidemic response group , Cepi , and the Vaccine Alliance of governments and organisations , known as Gavi , to try to level the playing field .
At least 80 rich nations and economies , so far , have signed up to the global vaccine @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to raise $ 2bn ( £1.52bn ) by the end of 2020 to help buy and fairly distribute a drug worldwide .
The US , which wants to leave the WHO , is not one of them .
By pooling resources in Covax , participants hope to guarantee 92 lower income countries , in Africa , Asia and Latin America , also get `` rapid , fair and equitable access '' to Covid-19 vaccines .
The facility is helping to fund a range of vaccine research and development work , and supporting manufacturers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Having a wide portfolio of vaccine trials signed up to their programme , they are hoping at least one will be successful so they can deliver two billion doses of safe , effective vaccines by the end of 2021 .
`` With COVID-19 vaccines we want things to be different , '' says Gavi 's CEO Dr Seth Berkley .
`` If only the wealthiest countries in the world are protected , then international trade , commerce and society as a whole will continue to be hit hard as the pandemic continues @ @ @ @ @ @ @ How much will it cost ?
While billions of dollars are being invested in vaccine development , millions more are being pledged to buy and supply the vaccine .
Prices per dose depend on the type of vaccine , the manufacturer and the number of doses ordered .
Pharmaceutical company Moderna , for example , is reportedly selling access to its potential vaccine at between $ 32 and $ 37 a dose ( £24 to £28 ) .
AstraZeneca , on the other hand has said it will supply its vaccine `` at @ @ @ @ @ @ @ per dose - during the pandemic .
The Serum Institute of India ( SSI ) , the world 's largest vaccine manufacturer by volume , is being backed by $ 150m from Gavi and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to make and deliver up to 100 million doses of the successful Covid-19 vaccines for India and low- and middle-income countries .
They say the ceiling price will be $ 3 ( £2.28 ) a dose .
But patients receiving the vaccine are unlikely to be charged in most cases .
In the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the NHS health service .
Student doctors and nurses , dentists and vets could be trained to back up existing NHS staff in administering the jab en masse .
Consultation is currently under way .
Other countries , such as Australia , have said they will offer free doses to their population .
People receiving vaccines via humanitarian organisations - a vital cog in the global distribution wheel - will not be charged .
In the US , while the shot might be free , healthcare professionals could charge for administering the jab @ @ @ @ @ @ @ vaccine bill .
So who gets it first ?
Although the pharmaceutical companies will be making the vaccine , they wo n't be the ones who decide who gets vaccinated first .
`` Each organisation or country will have to determine who it immunises first and how it does that , '' Sir Mene Pangalos - AstraZeneca 's Executive Vice President told the BBC .
As the initial supply will be limited , reducing deaths and protecting health care systems are likely to be prioritised .
The Gavi plan is that countries signed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ income alike , will receive enough doses for 3 % of their population - which would be enough to cover health and social care workers .
As more vaccine is produced , allocation is increased to cover 20 % of the population - this time prioritising over 65s and other vulnerable groups .
After everybody has received 20 % , the vaccine would be distributed according to other criteria , such as country vulnerability and immediate threat of Covid-19 .
Countries have until 18 September to commit to the programme and make their @ @ @ @ @ @ @ are still under way for many other elements of the allocation process .
`` The only certainty is that there wo n't be enough - the rest is still up in the air , '' says Dr Simao .
Gavi insists richer participants can request enough doses to vaccinate between 10-50 % of their population , but no country will receive enough doses to vaccinate more than 20 % until all countries in the group have been offered this amount .
Dr Berkley says a small buffer of about 5 % of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ kept aside , `` to build a stockpile to help with acute outbreaks and to support humanitarian organisations , for example to vaccinate refugees who may not otherwise have access '' .
How do you distribute a global vaccine ?
A lot depends on which vaccine is successful .
The ideal vaccine has a lot to live up to .
It needs to be affordable .
It needs to generate strong , long-lasting immunity .
It needs a simple refrigerated distribution system and manufacturers must be able to scale-up production rapidly .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( MFS / Doctors Without Borders ) , already have effective vaccination programmes in place around the world with the so called `` cold chain '' facilities - cooler trucks and solar fridges to keep vaccines at the right temperature as they travel from factory to field .
But adding a new vaccine to the mix could pose huge logistical problems for those already facing a difficult environment .
Vaccines usually need to be kept refrigerated - usually between 2C and 8C .
That 's not too much of a challenge in most @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` immense task '' where infrastructure is weak and electricity supply and refrigeration unstable .
`` Maintaining vaccines under cold chain is already one of the biggest challenges ' countries face and this will be exacerbated with the introduction of a new vaccine , '' MSF medical adviser Barbara Saitta told the BBC .
`` You will need to add more cold chain equipment , make sure you always have fuel ( to run freezer and refrigerators in absence of electricity ) and repair/replace them when they break and transport them wherever you @ @ @ @ @ @ @ their vaccine would need the regular cold chain between 2C and 8C .
But it looks like some candidate vaccines will need ultra-cold chain - storage at -60C or colder before being diluted and distributed .
`` To keep the Ebola vaccine at -60°C or colder we had to use a special cold chain equipment to store and transport them , plus we had to train staff to use all this new equipment , '' said Barbara Saitta .
There is also the question of the target population .
Vaccination programmes usually target @ @ @ @ @ @ @ plan how to reach people that normally are not part of the immunization program .
As the world waits for the scientists to do their bit , many more challenges await .
And vaccines are not the only weapon against coronavirus .
`` Vaccines are not the only solution , '' Says Dr Simao , of the WHO .
`` You need to have diagnostics .
You need to have a way to decrease mortality , so you need therapeutics , and you need a vaccine .
`` Besides that , you need @ @ @ @ @ @ @ crowded places and so on . ''
What do I need to know about the coronavirus ?
• ENDGAME : When will life get back to normal ?
• EASY STEPS : What can I do ?
• A SIMPLE GUIDE : What are the symptoms ?
• MAPS AND CHARTS : Visual guide to the outbreak

Russia says trials of its Sputnik-V vaccine have shown signs of immune response in patients and has rolled out the vaccine for public use while late-stage trials continue. China says it has developed a successful vaccine that is being made available to its military personnel. But concerns have been raised about the speed at which both vaccines have been produced.


bbcuk--2020-09-11--Coronavirus: What are social distancing and self-isolation rules?

England and Scotland are reducing the number of people allowed to meet socially to six , amid a rise in coronavirus cases .
Wales is also cutting the numbers who can meet to six - but only indoors .
What are the new rules on socialising ?
In England , the new limit of six people from multiple households will apply to social gatherings from Monday .
It will apply to both indoors and outdoors , and to all ages .
So , gatherings in private homes , venues like pubs and restaurants , and in outdoor spaces like parks @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , the rules allow up to 30 people from two households , or six from multiple households , to meet outdoors .
Current guidance says you should only socialise indoors with members of up to two households .
In Scotland , the limits are being reduced to a maximum of six people from two households from Monday .
Unlike England , children under 12 will not be included .
In Wales , from Monday it will be illegal for more than six people from an extended household to meet indoors .
The rule @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and under .
Up to 30 people from different homes can still meet outside .
Northern Ireland has not announced any changes .
Can I still go to the pub or to a place of worship ?
Yes .
Pubs , restaurants , shops and other venues will remain open , but people can only attend in groups of up to six .
Venues should also allow for social distancing between groups .
Similarly , places of worship may remain open but with a limit of six people attending per group .
Will @ @ @ @ @ @ @ be allowed ?
Some gatherings of more than six people will be allowed , for example : • If your household or support bubble is larger than six • Where gatherings are for work or education purposes • Team sports organised in a way limiting the spread of coronavirus If you live in a household of more than six you can gather in public or private .
However , you will not be able to join with anyone from outside of your household .
A full list will be published before the law @ @ @ @ @ @ @ safe to go to the pub ?
• Remember the R number ?
Why is it so important ?
Can I be fined for breaking the rules ?
The new measures will mean groups larger than six can be broken up by police .
Members of the group can be fined if they fail to follow the rules .
This will be £100 for a first offence , doubling on each further offence up to £3,200 .
The government says : `` Putting the new , lower limit in law will make it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ disperse illegal gatherings .
What are the rules and guidance in other parts of the UK ?
If you are meeting outside , the number of people who can gather varies : • In Scotland , up to 15 people from five different households can meet outdoors .
This will be reduced to six people from two households from Monday .
• In Wales , up to 30 people are allowed to see each other outdoors • In Northern Ireland , the maximum number of people who can meet outdoors has been reduced @ @ @ @ @ @ @ different rules for meetings indoors - at your home , or a venue like a pub : • In Scotland , up to eight people from three different households .
This will be reduced to six people from two households from Monday • In Northern Ireland , up to six people from two households • In Wales , up to four households can form an `` extended household '' But this will change to no more than six people meeting indoors from Monday What is the guidance on social distancing ?
Each UK @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( 6ft ) away from anyone they do n't live with .
However , there are some differences : • In England , if it 's not possible to be 2m away , you can stay `` 1m plus '' apart .
The `` plus '' means doing something else to limit your possible exposure - like wearing a face covering • In Scotland , there are exemptions to the 2m rule in some places - such as pubs and restaurants .
Children aged 11 or under do not need to social distance @ @ @ @ @ @ @ reflects the fact it 's not realistic to stay that far apart somewhere like a hairdresser 's .
Primary age children in Wales are also exempt • Northern Ireland 's guidance was 1m ( 3ft ) for a time , but is now back at 2m What about shopping or public transport ?
Face coverings are compulsory if you are using public transport across the UK .
Some people are exempt , such as those with certain medical conditions .
Coverings must be worn in shops in England , Scotland and Northern Ireland @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in Wales .
What if I get symptoms ?
You should self-isolate by staying at home for 10 days and arrange to get tested .
• loss of , or change in , your normal sense of taste or smell If your test is positive , you must complete the remainder of your 10-day self-isolation .
Anyone you live with should self isolate for 14 days ( from the time you started having symptoms ) .
Contact tracers will also get in touch with people with positive results .
What are the rules @ @ @ @ @ @ @ several local hotspots which have seen recent spikes in cases .
• What ca n't I do in the local lockdowns ?
Parts of England and Scotland are currently experiencing local restrictions .
In Wales , the county borough of Caerphilly is being placed under lockdown .
Do I have to social distance myself from everyone ?
The only people you do not have to distance yourself from are those you live with or , if you are in England , Scotland or Northern Ireland , people in your support bubble .
Single @ @ @ @ @ @ @ children under 18 can `` bubble '' with one other household of any size with no social distancing .
In Wales , you do not have to social distance if you are in an `` extended household '' .
• THE R NUMBER : What it means and why it matters • SUPPORT BUBBLES : What are they and who can be in yours ?
• TEST AND TRACE : How does it work ?
• SCHOOLS : What will happen if children catch coronavirus ?
• TESTING : What tests are available @

The current restrictions in England don't include any limits on socialising - so friends and family are legally allowed to see each other in private houses, or to meet in public places like pubs and nightclubs.


bbcuk--2020-09-11--How TikTok is changing the music industry

TikTok has only been part of our lives for two years , but it 's already had a massive impact on the music business .
Now the app has told Radio 1 Newsbeat that agents and managers are asking it for advice on how to get their artists featured .
And it 's not just about viral dances anymore .
Newsbeat 's spoken to artists who say using TikTok has boosted their careers at a time when live music 's more or less off the agenda .
Nina Nesbitt was set to make her third album in Sweden this year @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was put on hold during lockdown .
`` In all honesty , my label told me to get TikTok two years ago .
`` So back in March I thought 'why not ? '
- and my first video got nearly a million views in a few days . ''
Her arrival on the app puts her among a wave of acts changing how they release music to tap into `` a new world '' .
The Scottish singer is n't new to finding audiences online .
She started out on YouTube , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was at school .
But she says interaction with fans on TikTok feels different .
`` There 's people who have n't heard of me from all over the place , but others saying , 'Where have you been ?
I used to love listening to you ' .
`` It 's literally just me making videos in my flat so what 's really exciting is the scale of people that you can get out to really fast .
`` It 's not necessarily always just the music being promoted by a big @ @ @ @ @ @ @ It 's also given new artists a chance instead of a label just going , 'OK let 's blow this song up ' and putting money behind it . ''
Based on figures seen exclusively by Newsbeat , Nina 's taste of success on TikTok is one of many for musicians using the platform in recent months .
The app , which rarely publishes data on user numbers or activity , has revealed the summer 's biggest tracks had more than 6.5bn video views in the UK alone , between 1 June and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Of The Summer chart , topped by DaBaby and Roddy Ricch 's Rockstar with 825m video views , has been released during a period of what the platform calls `` accelerated growth '' .
Even with increased use of the platform , TikTok 's UK head of music operations , Paul Hourican , says the popularity of some songs from new acts is still `` really surprising '' .
`` In the UK , like in lots of places , we 've gone through a pretty tough time , '' Paul tells Newsbeat @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the reasons behind a spike in people using the app .
`` What we 're seeing is a real gathering around music on TikTok over the past few months . ''
Many of the songs in the top 10 have been the soundtracks to viral dance challenges , largely created by relatively unknown acts .
Paul suggests that 's down to fact that not even the app 's bosses can predict which songs will take off .
`` But what that does mean going forward is that TikTok is really important in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ It encourages users to go off and find out more about the artists they 've heard and listen to their music in full ...
I think it 's pretty undeniable that it drives music discovery . ''
Producer Joshua Stylah , 17 , better known as Jawsh 685 , has seen the benefit of TikTok 's ability to boost unknown acts .
He uploaded an instrumental track called Laxed Siren Beat Loop earlier this year from his bedroom in Manurewa , New Zealand .
Its links to his Polynesian roots inspired the culture @ @ @ @ @ @ @ their heritage by dancing to the song in traditional costumes around he world .
It quickly got millions of hits and caught the attention of Jason Derulo who sang over the track to create Savage Love , which became the UK 's second-biggest selling song of the summer , according to the Official Charts Company .
Joshua says the attention from new fans , DMs from Jason Derulo and `` heaps of labels '' wanting to sign him was `` really overwhelming '' to start with .
`` Everything stared happening at the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ up on these charts .
It 's really exciting now , '' he tells Newsbeat .
`` I always wanted to but never though I could make a career out of music . ''
Having signed a worldwide deal with Columbia Records , the teenager has a management team helping him decide which beats to put on TikTok .
`` I did n't really have any big resources or anything like that ... now I 'm planning to make beats with other artists .
`` It 's been crazy seeing my music get @ @ @ @ @ @ @ TikTok 's seen lots of `` artists and labels leaning in and using the platform '' to change how they release music after seeing the potential for success on the app .
Dua Lipa is asking TikTok fans to help create her new video by dancing to her tracks while David Guetta and Sia are putting their latest collaboration on the app before it 's officially released .
`` The numbers we 've seen from things like the summer chart go a long way in terms of building momentum on the platform , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ can then translate to success off the platform as well with people listening o he whole thing somewhere else . ''
Nina Nesbitt also knows she can now make the most of TikTok when she eventually has new music ready to release .
`` I 've figured out certain songs are doing better because the parts available on there were the chorus or the main lyric , while others were just an intro without any lyrics .
`` So since then I 've gone back to label and said , 'You need to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it 's a bit of the song people would want to use ' . ''
While she says she wo n't write a song `` specifically for TikTok '' the singer will change how she releases music on the app .
`` If a song is good then that should do the work for it being successful .
`` But when I 've got the songs , I 'll definitely look at the album and work out which ones will work on TikTok and which ones will be the most fun on there @ @ @ @ @ @ @ though I guess ...
I would n't be surprised if writing for TikTok starts happening a bit more .
`` It 's definitely having an influence on the charts . ''
The link between tracks doing well on TikTok and success on the Official Charts is n't lost on Paul , who says `` 100 % '' there 's a conversation to be had about the potential of the platform eventually having a direct impact on the top 40 .
`` Something we should look at in the future is how we can @ @ @ @ @ @ @ spent on the platform from users in making videos .
`` How should that be reflected in the most popular songs in the country ? ''
As the app 's momentum builds , it also faces the challenges that the likes of Twitch , YouTube and Spotify have all seen with artists suggesting they are n't properly recognised financially for the views and attention their work gives the platform .
It 's something Paul is aware of going forward .
`` Tik Tok already has agreements in place with all the rights holders @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
`` But obviously music is a core part of TikTok 's DNA .
`` As the platform grows we want to take everyone with us ... we 're incredibly thrilled at the opportunities we 're able to provide with music and hopefully we will continue to grow ... inspiring a next generation of artists to do the same '' .
Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here .

"As the platform grows we want to take everyone with us... we're incredibly thrilled at the opportunities we're able to provide with music and hopefully we will continue to grow... inspiring a next generation of artists to do the same".


bbcuk--2020-09-10--The man who owned 3,000 cameras

The man who owned 3,000 cameras

One of the largest camera collections in the world is hidden away in a village hall in a Fife coastal town - but hardly anybody knows it is there .
At least 3,000 cameras , including some dating back well over a century , belonged to the late Neville `` Jim '' Matthew .
He retired to the picturesque East Neuk village of St Monans after a career that took him around the world .
He took over the former Salvation Army hall to store his treasured collection .
Inside the hall , row after row of cameras , accessories @ @ @ @ @ @ @ include stereoscopic and 3D cameras as well as East European models , including many that were rare in the West .
At the heart of the collection is an array of Kodak Brownie cameras - featuring almost every model ever produced .
The Brownie was the first affordable camera and could be bought for just one dollar when it was first sold in 1900 .
Jim had wanted his collection to be an open attraction , but he was getting older and in ill health , and the task posed too big a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to opening once a year for the village festival and for occasional private viewings .
`` He really enjoyed talking to people about it when they came into the hall , '' says his widow Dorothy .
`` I had to come down and rescue them sometimes because he did not know when to stop .
`` He was a very good speaker .
He did n't have a small talk but if it was something he was interested in he could talk for a long time . ''
Jim , who died @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , had begun the collection 24 years earlier on a trip to Vancouver in Canada to see his daughter .
They were wandering around antique shops and his wife Dorothy bought him an old camera as a present .
Soon after , as Jim recovered from heart surgery , they travelled down the west coast of the US to Oregon where there were a lot of antique shops .
`` He started to potter around and find quite a few cameras that he liked , '' Dorothy says .
`` It expanded from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ into something he goes all out .
`` He wo n't stop .
He never really said why .
It was just that he started and continued . ''
Dorothy says Jim was collecting `` at the best time '' because people were getting rid of their old cameras in favour of new digital models .
`` Whenever he went somewhere he would always come back with a case load of cameras , '' she says .
He travelled a lot for work and pleasure and he would always search out flea markets @ @ @ @ @ @ @ proved a very fruitful destination as they were getting rid of a lot of Russian cameras from the Soviet era .
`` He would try to find cameras from every country when he went on holiday , '' Dorothy says .
He would also ask friends if they had time to find a camera for him , and they very often did .
Jim was born in Bolton in Greater Manchester and went to sea as an engineer cadet .
During his time at sea , his parents moved to Glasgow , where @ @ @ @ @ @ @ name from Neville , which was not one that went down well in Scotland .
The couple were soon married and had three children .
Jim 's work as a marine engineer took him all around the world .
The family lived for seven years in Hong Kong , two years in Greece , five years in Holland and 12 years in Canada .
Dorothy says Jim `` lived for travel '' and there were very few places he had not visited .
He went on many trips on his own because he @ @ @ @ @ @ @ camera , his wife says .
`` Me being there was a waste of money .
`` He took good photographs so I think he enjoyed the results .
He wanted to make it more of a picture rather than just a photo .
He was completely absorbed with it . ''
As Jim 's collection grew , the couple lived in Holland and he stored his cameras at his office .
In preparation for retirement , they bought a house in St Monans to be near Dorothy 's mother .
It was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ collection - so Jim bought the local Salvation Army Hall .
Almost three years after his death Dorothy is working with a charitable trust to transfer ownership of the building and the collection and turn it into a museum .
Dorothy , who now lives in Canada , said she was `` delighted '' at the prospect .
`` I had no idea that could happen and I was worrying about what we would do , '' she says .
`` I did n't want them to be thrown out . ''

During his time at sea, his parents moved to Glasgow, where he met Dorothy - and changed his name from Neville, which was not one that went down well in Scotland.


bbcuk--2020-09-10--Dame Diana Rigg: A career in pictures

Dame Diana Rigg: A career in pictures

After learning her trade as theatre actress , Dame Diana Rigg , who has died at the age of 82 , became a household name overnight by playing Emma Peel in The Avengers in the 1960s .
She appeared in 51 episodes of the British espionage show , which also starred Patrick MacNee ( pictured above ) as special agent John Steed .
In 1969 , the classically trained actress played the part of Countess Teresa di Vicenzo - known as Tracy - in the James Bond film On Her Majesty 's Secret Service .
In the movie , she @ @ @ @ @ @ @ girl '' to marry the secret agent , portrayed at the time by George Lazenby .
In the 1980s , she portrayed Lady Honoria Dedlock - opposite Robin Bailey as Sir Leicester Dedlock - in a TV adaptation of the Charles Dickens novel Bleak House .
The Yorkshire-born star won best actress at the Bafta TV Awards in 1990 for her role in Mother Love , alongside David McCallum .
In 2000 , Dame Diana 's achievements over her long career were recognised again by Bafta with the special award .
In 1994 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for best actress for her titular role the stage production of Medea on Broadway .
She added an Emmy Award to her collection several years later for her role as Mrs Danvers in the 1997 adaptation of Rebecca .
Dame Diana enjoyed further success treading the boards once again in Mother Courage .
And alongside David Suchet , in a production of Who 's Afraid of Virginia Woolf .
The late star won a new generation of admirers as the scheming Olenna Tyrell in the HBO fantasy epic drama , Game of Thrones @ @ @ @ @ @ @ roles included the Duchess of Buccleuch in the ITV historical drama , Victoria .
Dame Diana continued acting late into her life , appearing in the forthcoming BBC drama mini-series Black Narcissus .
Follow us on Facebook , or on Twitter @ BBCNewsEnts .
If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news @ bbc.co.uk .

After learning her trade as theatre actress, Dame Diana Rigg, who has died at the age of 82, became a household name overnight by playing Emma Peel in The Avengers in the 1960s.


bbcuk--2020-09-11--The Papers: Brexit revolt 'looms' and cabinet 'war' over virus

Relations between London and Brussels dominate many of the front pages .
The Times reports that up to 30 Tory MPs are preparing a Brexit revolt amid growing anger about the breach of international law .
But the Daily Express declares : `` Britain shall not be moved '' by threats from the EU .
It insists Boris Johnson will face down the ultimatum given by `` brazen '' Eurocrats .
The subject provides plenty of meat for the leader writers too .
`` EU outrage is a threat to jobs and prosperity '' is the view of the Daily @ @ @ @ @ @ @ UK is proud of its reputation for adhering to international law , it 's unthinkable that a government committed to restoring sovereignty would n't take steps to deny the EU the power to disrupt trade between Great Britain and Northern Ireland .
The Guardian has a different assessment : that the government 's internal market proposals turn Britain into a `` rogue state '' whose word can not be trusted .
It says Conservative MPs must use their power to stop this shameful plan .
It suggests that almost every minister in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , but that Health Secretary Matt Hancock had `` got his way '' .
The Daily Telegraph 's front page claims senior figures are demanding that England follows Scotland 's example , exempting children from the tally .
The paper agrees , labelling the rule of six a `` needless disaster '' that must be reconsidered .
`` Vir-us and them '' is the Daily Mirror 's headline , as it details new research by the think tank Demos that suggests the pandemic may be more socially divisive than the bitter debate that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ study found that about a third of people who voted Remain resented those who voted for Brexit , while only 20 % of Leavers had feelings of animosity towards Remainers .
By comparison , 68 % of those who strictly followed lockdown rules held negative views of those who did n't , with 14 % saying they `` hated '' them .
The Guardian also carries the story , suggesting that the early solidarity witnessed in communities in the pandemic has given way to distrust which could result in deep ongoing social divisions @ @ @ @ @ @ @ - originally a native of Fife - has been a pioneer for equality on Wall Street for many years , but that her latest promotion puts her in a small but growing group of women at the absolute top of the financial world .

The Times reports that up to 30 Tory MPs are preparing a Brexit revolt amid growing anger about the breach of international law. But the Daily Express declares: "Britain shall not be moved" by threats from the EU. It insists Boris Johnson will face down the ultimatum given by "brazen" Eurocrats.


bbcuk--2020-09-11--Coronavirus: Localised restrictions confusing say MPs

New Covid-19 restrictions for parts of Northern Ireland , including Belfast and Ballymena , have caused `` confusion '' , MPs from the affected areas have said .
DUP MP Ian Paisley , whose North Antrim constituency includes Ballymena , said he was `` completely dissatisfied '' and `` very disappointed '' by the new rules .
`` We ca n't close our country down because of Covid , '' Mr Paisley said .
South Belfast MP Claire Hanna said she supported moves to curb the spread of Covid-19 but called for more clarity .
`` It 's very , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ people because even people who are trying , with the best will in the world , to engage are getting confused by some of the messages , '' Ms Hanna added .
What do the new rules say ?
People living in the Belfast council area , Ballymena town and postcode areas BT43 , BT28 and BT29 have been advised against making non-essential journeys outside the affected zones .
There are also new social restrictions - residents in these areas can not visit other households , although there are a number of exceptions @ @ @ @ @ @ @ • Those in a social bubble with one other household • Marriage or civil partnerships where a person is terminally ill Hospitals and care homes in the affected areas will also be advised to limit visitors , with one family member being allowed to visit once a week .
Gatherings in private gardens will be limited to six people or fewer , from no more than two households .
What questions do you have about the latest restrictions ?
Let us know and a selection will be answered by a BBC journalist .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ : The localised restrictions were announced by Northern Ireland 's first and deputy first ministers at a joint news conference on Thursday .
First Minister Arlene Foster said the `` villain is not in businesses where numbers of customers are regulated '' .
`` It 's in our homes - it is the house party , it is the dinner party - it is the few people coming around for drinks or coffee , '' she added .
Speaking on the BBC 's The View programme a few hours later , her DUP @ @ @ @ @ @ @ do n't have clarity .
`` We do n't know if there are going to be compensation payments .
We do n't know if people can go in and out of their town centres .
`` I sit on a town centre management group - they 've been completely blindsided by this and they do n't know what 's happening . ''
Ms Hanna told the same programme that ministers were acting in `` good faith '' and there was `` no easy way '' to introduce complex regulations at a time when @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of Covid restrictions .
`` It 's important that we refine them and that all the information is available so that people know whether or not they can go in and out of work and the support packages that are going to be there because this will still affect some businesses , '' she said .
`` Are we saying you can open but your customers are being told they are in a hotspot - is there going to be support ? ''
Reaction : 'It 's like the lights have been turned @ @ @ @ @ @ @ areas affected by the new restrictions , the announcement caused some bewilderment .
`` It 's understandable that they have to put these measures in place but we initially thought it was very confusing , '' said Stephanie Degnan , who lives in the BT28 postcode .
Another resident , Graeme Kelly , said the measures were `` very unclear '' while Jacqueline Montgomery said she was dismayed at restrictions being reintroduced after a period of easing .
`` I think the lockdown has had massive influence on people 's mental health and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ coming out of the dark side into the light ... the lights have been turned off again . ''
Read more on people 's reactions to the announcement here .
The first and deputy first minister outlined the restrictions as they led their first joint press conference together at Stormont for 73 days .
They had stopped sharing a platform after the controversy surrounding Ms O'Neill 's attendance at a funeral in June , despite Covid-19 restrictions .
Ms Hanna said she believed their message came out `` a little bit confused '' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ out due to expectations of the pair appearing at a `` reunion '' press conference .
`` Ultimately , we 've got to disrupt the chains of transmission and that 's what the executive are trying to do and I think we 're all behind them in doing that , '' the SDLP MP added .
Mr Paisley agreed ministers were currently facing their `` trickiest '' challenge in trying to find a `` middle line '' where they can protect public health as well the economy .
• Coronavirus Q & A @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` It leaves us in the position where half the country remains completely sceptical about Covid , which is wrong , and the other half of the community remains worried sick about Covid , which is also an overreaction , '' he said .
South Belfast MLA Paula Bradshaw , who sits on the health committee , said the committee will `` drill down into the detail '' of the health protection amendments next week , but called for more clarity from the executive office in the meantime .
Speaking on the BBC @ @ @ @ @ @ @ said executive ministers should come before the assembly next week to allow MLAs to `` ask for the specifics of what these mean in practice '' .
`` What they were intimating was do not leave your home unless it 's really necessary .
`` In my South Belfast constituency , you could have eight or nine people in a single household in the Holyland .
Is it necessary then for them to travel to see their parents at the weekend ? ''
However , Ms Bradshaw conceded that the executive office were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ act '' .
Queen 's University virologist Conor Bamford said the local lockdowns announced by the executive will hopefully `` help prevent the spread of the virus within households '' .
Speaking to BBC Radio Foyle , Dr Bamford said `` the spirit of these rules is to stop household transmissions '' .
He added that the rise in cases among young people has led to a `` real fear '' it could spread to more vulnerable populations .
`` Parties and social-gatherings are a real good place to spread the virus and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ] are targeting . ''

Coronavirus: Dr Michael McBride defends localised restrictions Published 11 September 2020
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Image source, Pacemaker
Stormont's chief medical officer has defended new localised restrictions across parts of Northern Ireland that come into force next week.
It comes after the measures were criticised by some as confusing, and there were calls for clarity.
The executive says its aim is to reduce interactions between people inside their homes within the affected areas.
People should "use their good judgement" when considering the restrictions, said Dr Michael McBride.
People living in the Belfast council area, Ballymena town and postcode areas BT43, BT28 and BT29 have been advised against travelling outside of affected zones to visit other people inside their homes.
No more than six people from two households will be allowed to meet in a private garden in the restricted zones.
'Not going into lockdown'
The measures are due to take effect from next week but First Minister Arlene Foster has already urged people in the areas to "act immediately".
On Friday, updated guidance to clarify the new restrictions was published by the executive.
Speaking to BBC Newsline, Dr Michael McBride said there was "no neat or easy solution" but that he hoped people would comply with the guidelines.
Image caption, Dr McBride said there was "no neat or easy solution"
"The aim is to reduce community transmission between households," he said.
"We know if we don't achieve that and stop the spread of the virus we're going to see more people in intensive care."
Dr McBride insisted that the affected areas were "not going into lockdown" but the move was an attempt to pre-empt further increases of the virus to avoid consequences similar to the first coronavirus wave.
He added that he hoped the measures would be in place for "no longer" than a fortnight but that there was always a "lag time" between introducing measures and assessing their effectiveness.
What are the exemptions for home visits in the restricted areas?
They include:
Those in a social bubble with one other household
Those with caring responsibilities including childcare
Essential maintenance
Supported living arrangements
Visits required for legal or medical purposes
Marriage or civil partnerships where a person is terminally ill
What else does the advice say?
Hospitals and care homes in the affected areas will also be advised to limit visitors, with one family member being allowed to visit once a week.
The executive says schools are not affected and people should continue going to work if they cannot work from home.
The executive also says marriages, civil partnerships and funerals can continue to take place in the restricted zones in line with the current restrictions.
The updated guidance from Stormont also states that travelling into affected areas is still permitted for shopping and eating out.
But the advice remains to act responsibly if you intend to do this, and to judge how important a planned activity is before doing it.
What has the reaction been to the measures?
Some MPs from the affected areas were heavily critical of the restrictions.
DUP MP Ian Paisley, whose North Antrim constituency includes Ballymena, said he was "completely dissatisfied" and "very disappointed" by the new rules.
"We can't close our country down because of Covid," Mr Paisley said.
South Belfast MP Claire Hanna said she supported moves to curb the spread of Covid-19 but called for more clarity.
"It's very, very important that we're clear with people because even people who are trying, with the best will in the world, to engage are getting confused by some of the messages," Ms Hanna added.
What questions do you have about the latest restrictions? Let us know and a selection will be answered by a BBC journalist.
Use this form to ask your question:
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Image caption, The Department of Health has recorded no new coronavirus related deaths in the past 24 hours
On Friday, the Department on Health in Northern Ireland reported no new coronavirus-linked deaths.
The death toll from the virus in NI remains at 568.
Eighty-eight people tested positive for the virus in the past day.
Belfast council area recorded the highest increase in cases in the past 24 hours, with 28 new cases reported.
Figures released by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency on Friday show that three coronavirus-linked deaths were registered last week.
Reaction: 'It's like the lights have been turned off again'
For many residents in the areas affected by the new restrictions, the announcement caused some bewilderment.
"It's understandable that they have to put these measures in place but we initially thought it was very confusing," said Stephanie Degnan, who lives in the BT28 postcode.
Another resident, Graeme Kelly, said the measures were "very unclear" while Jacqueline Montgomery said she was dismayed at restrictions being reintroduced after a period of easing.
Image caption, Jacqueline Montgomery said she was disappointed that restrictions were being re-introduced
"I think the lockdown has had massive influence on people's mental health and and just when you thought we're coming out of the dark side into the light... the lights have been turned off again."
The Alliance Party's Paula Bradshaw - a South Belfast MLA - acknowledged that ministers were dealing with a "difficult balancing act" but said they should come before the Stormont assembly next week to allow MLAs to "ask for the specifics of what these mean in practice".
Ulster Unionist leader Steve Aiken said he had spoken to the first and deputy first ministers to stress the importance of "coherence and clarity" in terms of the executive's public health message but added: "Covid-19 is coming back with a vengeance and we have to do something."
Deputy First Minister Michelle O'Neill tweeted that Mr Aiken had not contacted her.
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Queen's University virologist Dr Conor Bamford said the local restrictions would hopefully "help prevent the spread of the virus within households".
He added that the rise in cases among young people has led to a "real fear" it could spread to more vulnerable people.


bbcuk--2020-09-11--Coronavirus: 'Rule of six' hits larger families

Indoor and outdoor social gatherings of more than six people will be banned in England from Monday as coronavirus restrictions are tightened .
Although larger households are able to gather within their bubbles , some can no longer meet up with friends and family .
Before the pandemic hit , Alison Keen had planned a big party for her 40th birthday on 21 September .
When lockdown happened , she postponed it until 2021 and instead had hoped for a family gathering .
But now that too can not go ahead .
She and her husband have four children , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' applies solely to their family .
`` I ca n't meet up with anyone just because I 've got kids , '' said Mrs Keen , from Newcastle-under-Lyme , Staffordshire .
`` Mum 's upset that she ca n't see me on my birthday and really annoyed that she could have come to see the kids last week , but not next week . ''
Mrs Keen said allowing her children , between six and 11 , to go back to school but not have family gatherings `` seems daft '' .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ , will still be able to see Mrs Keen 's two sisters , who both have fewer children and can meet up without exceeding six people .
Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced the new rules `` to avoid a second national lockdown '' as the rate of infection climbs across the country .
It applies both indoors and outdoors and to all ages - although there are some exemptions , such as gatherings for work or school .
The new rules will be enforced by police who will have powers to issue fines @ @ @ @ @ @ @ they 're trying to simplify the rules , but that 's not how viruses work , '' said Mrs Keen .
`` At the end of the day it 's a new virus and as you learn , policies have to evolve .
But it feels awful . ''
Dee Jones , a mum of six from Telford , in Shropshire , said the new restrictions means she wo n't be able to see all of her children , five of whom have moved out and married .
She works two jobs and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ month - the family would normally use that weekend to get together for a big meal .
`` We ca n't do that now , unless my son-in-law sits out in the garden and eats his dinner there . ''
The `` rule of six '' will make it almost impossible to arrange seeing her family and already they are having to do so `` almost on a rota '' .
She said a turkey , bought for the family 's Easter meal , had been `` stuck in the freezer all throughout @ @ @ @ @ @ @ about it I would have cried '' , adding she was finding the restrictions `` quite depressing '' .
`` Honestly , it 's ridiculous .
I 'm frustrated .
We 've done what we 've been advised and there are clearly people out there who have n't . ''
Stephanie Raheel , from Yardley in Birmingham , has three children , Alina , Amaya and Arissa .
Her husband 's parents are at the heart of their family and they would usually meet them regularly with extended family members .
To go @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , she said , `` especially for the children - it 's hard for them to understand '' .
• Latest news and updates from the West Midlands • So how many friends can I meet - and where ?
• What can police do if I break the new rules ?
Mrs Raheel 's children , aged between three and six , have returned to school and nursery but she worries the restrictions will mean the older people in her family will miss out on special moments with her young daughters .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ two babies born in lockdown , '' she said .
`` The key moments , you want to celebrate with your loved ones .
`` The grandparents too , they love to see the little ones . ''
Mrs Raheel said her mother-in-law is due to have an eye operation next week , something her husband and his six brothers are keen to support her with .
`` We 'll all just want to go and see her and check she 's OK - when people are in need , it 's difficult @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the family will be able to keep checking in on loved ones without breaking the new restrictions , but thinks they will just have to take it in turns to visit .
`` Everyone is just a little bit puzzled about why it is six people , and they 're not shutting restaurants and pubs - it just does n't make any sense .
`` There are so many different things you 're allowed to do and not allowed to do , we just have to accept that 's the way it is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ are the rules now ?
• SUPPORT BUBBLES : What are they and who can be in yours ?
• LOOK-UP TOOL : How many cases in your area ?
• LOCAL LOCKDOWNS : What happens if you have one ?
• SYMPTOMS : What are they and how to guard against them ?
Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook , Twitter and Instagram .
Send your story ideas to : newsonline.westmidlands @ bbc.co.uk

She is not sure how the family will be able to keep checking in on loved ones without breaking the new restrictions, but thinks they will just have to take it in turns to visit.


bbcuk--2020-09-11--Brexit: Back me over the bill, Johnson tells Tory MPs

Boris Johnson has urged Conservative MPs to back his plan to override part of the Brexit withdrawal agreement .
In a Zoom call with around 250 of them , he said the party must not return to `` miserable squabbling '' over Europe .
The EU has warned the UK it could face legal action if it does not ditch controversial elements of the Internal Market Bill by the end of the month .
And a Tory MP has proposed an amendment to the bill , which would affect trade between Britain and Northern Ireland .
Meanwhile , the European @ @ @ @ @ @ @ trade deal if the bill becomes UK law .
• Analysis : Despite bitter Brexit row can deal still be done ?
• UK at odds with EU over approval for food exports The two sides have less than five weeks to agree a deal before Mr Johnson 's 15 October deadline - after which he says he is prepared to `` walk away '' .
Informal talks are due to resume on Monday , with the next official round of talks - the ninth since March - starting in Brussels on 28 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ which will be formally debated in the House of Commons for the first time on Monday , addresses the Northern Ireland Protocol - the part of the Brexit withdrawal agreement designed to prevent a hard border returning to the island of Ireland .
If it became law it would give UK ministers powers to modify or `` disapply '' rules relating to the movement of goods between Britain and Northern Ireland that will come into force from 1 January , if the UK and EU are unable to strike a trade deal .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ be scrapped or they risk jeopardising the UK-EU trade talks .
But the government has rejected this demand , arguing the measures in the bill are needed to protect the integrity of the UK and the peace process in Northern Ireland .
• How many trade deals has the UK done ?
In his Zoom call with MPs on Friday , the prime minister did not take questions and a poor signal meant the video and audio connections were lost for several minutes .
He called for `` overwhelming support '' for the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ vital '' to `` prevent a foreign or international body from having the power to break up our country '' .
Mr Johnson added that he would not countenance `` the threat of a border down the Irish Sea '' .
But he said there was still a `` very good chance '' of the UK and EU striking a deal by mid-October similar to that previously agreed between the EU and Canada - which got rid of most , but not all , tariffs on goods .
BBC chief political correspondent Vicki @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for a sign of compromise '' from Mr Johnson , as they `` simply ca n't believe the government is prepared to break international law '' , but the prime minister `` dug his heels in '' .
In a column in the Daily Telegraph , Mr Johnson accused the EU of reinterpreting the Withdrawal Agreement to `` destroy the economic and territorial integrity of the UK '' and `` endanger peace and stability in Northern Ireland '' .
`` I have to say that we never seriously believed that the EU would @ @ @ @ @ @ @ negotiated in good faith , to blockade one part of the UK , to cut it off , '' he said .
Conservative backbencher Sir Bob Neill , who chairs the Commons Justice Committee , said he was not reassured by the prime minister 's Zoom call .
He is tabling an amendment to the bill to try to force a separate parliamentary vote on any changes to the Withdrawal Agreement .
`` I believe it is potentially a harmful act for this country , it would damage our reputation and I think @ @ @ @ @ @ @ trade deals going forward , '' he said .
At around the same time as the prime minister was speaking , the European Parliament announced it would `` under no circumstances ratify '' any trade deal reached between the UK and EU if the `` UK authorities breach or threaten to breach '' the withdrawal agreement .
Northern Ireland Secretary Brandon Lewis has admitted parts of the bill , which would go against a treaty signed by the UK and EU , would `` break international law in a very specific and limited @ @ @ @ @ @ @ this within the Conservative Party , with former leaders Theresa May , Lord Howard and Sir John Major urging Mr Johnson to think again .

But he said there was still a "very good chance" of the UK and EU striking a deal by mid-October similar to that previously agreed between the EU and Canada - which got rid of most, but not all, tariffs on goods.


bbcuk--2020-09-11--Coronavirus testing system 'falling over'

People across England have told BBC News they are struggling to access coronavirus tests .
Health Secretary Matt Hancock said last week that no-one should have to travel more than 75 miles for a test , after the BBC revealed some were being sent hundreds of miles away .
But dozens have now reported being unable to book a swab at all .
The Department for Health and Social Care ( DHSC ) said testing capacity was targeted at the hardest-hit areas .
A significant rise in demand for testing led the government to reduce the number of appointments available @ @ @ @ @ @ @ prioritise areas with outbreaks .
This in turn led to people applying for tests being directed to centres sometimes hundreds of miles away .
But last Thursday Mr Hancock pledged to put in `` immediate '' solutions to make sure people did not have to travel more than 75 miles , effective from last Friday .
Since then , postcodes entered into the government 's booking system return a message suggesting there are no testing centres or home kits available - even if you are an essential worker with symptoms .
A DHSC @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a significant demand for tests , but if you have symptoms we urge you to get tested .
`` New booking slots and home testing kits are made available daily '' .
Melissa , a GP in the north-west of England , applied for a test for her seven-year-old son on Tuesday after he developed a new continuous cough and changes to his sense of taste .
After being offered a test in Sunderland , about 130 miles away , she applied via her local NHS 's staff portal - designed to prioritise @ @ @ @ @ @ @ her first to Telford , almost 100 miles away , and then to London , a distance of more than 200 miles .
No home kits were available .
`` It was a complete nightmare , '' she said .
`` I had to cancel face-to-face appointments with patients , including baby clinics . ''
She added that this had become a common theme in NHS Facebook groups of which she was a member .
`` The whole system is going to fall over .
• How do I get a coronavirus test @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the infrastructure is there to support NHS staff going into winter . ''
This sentiment was echoed by a psychiatrist in an area currently subject to government intervention because of its high rate of coronavirus .
She found that no tests were available after developing all of the textbook coronavirus symptoms , including a cough and a fever .
Frances , in Suffolk , tried to apply for a test when her daughter developed a high temperature .
She did n't think it was coronavirus but `` the rules are the rules '' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a temperature should apply for a test , and was not able to send either of her children to school until she did .
`` Their teachers need to be kept safe , their classmates need to be kept safe , we need to do the right thing , '' she said .
Frances , like Melissa , was also not able to get a home kit , and when she tried to get an appointment at a drive-through centre was told no test sites were found .
`` It almost looks like @ @ @ @ @ @ @ she said .
And Jamie in Chesterfield spent seven hours trying to contact someone using the 119 number after no slots were appearing on the online booking system .
His school-age child had developed a new cough .
`` It 's the right thing to do according to the guidelines , '' he said .
Eventually he managed to get a test 50 miles away .
This comes as a number of different data sources show cases are rising and the epidemic is growing for the first time since before lockdown .
There @ @ @ @ @ @ @ accessing tests have happened since schools have returned .
Mr Hancock has claimed 25 % of people applying for tests are not eligible because they do n't have symptoms , although his department did not say where this figure came from .
Meanwhile , NHS 111 data published on 11 September reported a rise in calls relating to children with symptoms that would make them eligible for a coronavirus test .

The virus is still at much lower levels across the UK than at the peak in April, but a study of thousands of people in England found cases doubling every seven to eight days, with a marked rise in infections in the north and among young people.


bbcuk--2020-09-11--Defence secretary denies plan to mothball British army tanks

UK Defence Secretary Ben Wallace has quashed speculation that the Army will mothball all its tanks .
Last month , the Times reported military chiefs were considering the idea , under plans to modernise the armed forces .
But Mr Wallace told the BBC `` the idea that tanks wo n't be there for the Army , upgraded and modernised , is wrong '' .
However , he admitted a government review would mean `` letting go '' of some military equipment to invest in cyber , space and other new technologies .
• Warning over plans for new Navy @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Middle East , Mr Wallace said there would be a shift to forward-deploy British military forces around the world to protect UK interests and its allies .
Mr Wallace said a joint squadron of RAF and Qatar Typhoon jets would be based in Qatar for football 's 2022 World Cup .
He announced a £23.8m investment in a UK logistics hub in the Port of Duqm to support more British army training in Oman , and which could be used to base the Royal Navy 's new aircraft carriers .
He also @ @ @ @ @ @ @ target the Islamic State group in Iraq and Syria , with 23 strikes against extremist targets since March 2020 .
Last month , the Times reported on plans to mothball the Army 's ageing 227 Challenger tanks as part of the government 's integrated defence and security review - described as the most important defence review since the end of the Cold War .
Mr Wallace confirmed the review would mean `` letting go of some equipment that is n't serving any purpose or overmatched by adversaries '' .
He said that would @ @ @ @ @ @ @ RAF , Royal Navy and the Army .
But he signalled that any cuts would not be as dramatic as some have reported .
That still leaves open the possibility of a reduction in the number of tanks .
But Mr Wallace said that getting rid of all of them was not going to happen .
`` We 're going to make sure we have an armed forces fit for the 21st Century and meets our obligations to Nato and elsewhere… '' We are not scrapping all the British army 's tanks and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ maintain are up to date , lethal and defendable . ''
Mr Wallace said Britain also needed to meet the threat of long-range artillery and drones , which have recently been used by Russia against Ukraine to destroy its heavy armour .
The new port facilities at Duqm will triple the size of the existing UK base in Oman .
They will also be used for British army training in Oman .
There 's been speculation that the Army could switch its training for tanks from Canada to the Gulf state .
While @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the US-led coalition headquarters co-ordinating the air campaign against the group calling itself the Islamic State .
Despite IS losing most of its territory in Iraq and Syria , Mr Wallace said the threat was `` not going to go away '' .

He said that would mean investing in new equipment for the RAF, Royal Navy and the Army. But he signalled that any cuts would not be as dramatic as some have reported.


bbcuk--2020-09-11--Coronavirus: UK epidemic growing as R number goes above 1

Public health officials have warned of `` worrying signs '' of infection among the elderly , as an official measure indicated the UK 's epidemic is growing again .
The R number was raised to between 1 and 1.2 for the first time since March .
Any number above one indicates the number of infections is increasing .
The number of new daily confirmed UK cases of the virus rose to 3,539 on Friday - an increase of more than 600 on the previous day .
The virus is still at much lower levels across the UK than at the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of thousands of people in England found cases doubling every seven to eight days .
It found a marked rise in infections in the north and among young people .
Yvonne Doyle , medical director at Public Health England , said although younger people made up the greatest share of new cases , `` we 're now starting to see worrying signs of infections occurring in the elderly , who are at far higher risk of getting seriously ill '' .
A PHE report says there has been `` a particularly steep increase @ @ @ @ @ @ @ over-85s and , in the north-west of England , a rise in people from that age group being admitted to hospital .
However , though cases are rising , the number of patients in hospital remains largely flat at 863 .
Of those , 78 are on ventilators , according to the latest government figures .
• What are the new rules for meeting my friends ?
• Behind the rise in Covid cases in five charts • How do I get a coronavirus test ?
Ms Doyle warned people to follow social @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and wear a face covering in enclosed spaces .
Meanwhile , Birmingham will become the latest area to bring in new restrictions after a spike in cases .
Tougher restrictions now cover more than 1.75m people in the west of Scotland and , from Monday , face masks must be worn in shops in Wales .
However , lockdown restrictions will be eased further in Leicester on Tuesday to bring rules for businesses in the city more in line with the majority of England , the Department of Health said .
The city @ @ @ @ @ @ @ since 29 June after a rise in cases .
Across the UK , new laws on how many people can socialise are being introduced from Monday in an attempt to hold back the rise in infections .
The `` rule of six '' will restrict indoor and outdoor gatherings in England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland .
Police warned there was a `` real risk '' some people would treat this weekend as a `` party weekend '' before the new restrictions come in .
John Apter , national chairman of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , said that would be `` incredibly irresponsible '' at a time of increasing cases and officers would `` make no apology '' for fining people where appropriate .
The rise in the R ( reproduction ) number - which describes how many others each infected person passes the virus on to - is one of several measures indicating the virus is spreading more widely in the UK .
If the R number is higher than one - as now - the numbers infected are growing , with higher numbers indicating that cases @ @ @ @ @ @ @ large studies have also indicated a widespread resurgence of coronavirus across the UK population .
The UK is entering a new stage of the coronavirus pandemic .
Since lockdown , we have been deciding how to react to falling cases .
But now the R number has gone above the crucial level of 1 for the first time since March and is backed up by reams of data showing cases are growing again .
This is not just contained to hotspots like Bolton - one government adviser told me the rise was widespread @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was a `` wake-up call '' for the nation .
There are already some signs that the number of people being admitted to hospital is starting to rise .
But this is not a repeat of the build-up to lockdown .
Cases are at a much lower level and they are growing more slowly .
Pre-lockdown , the R number was around three and cases were doubling every three to four days .
It is around half that now .
Coronavirus is going to be a major challenge until we have a vaccine @ @ @ @ @ @ @ head into a potentially difficult winter is how to balance keeping the virus in check with getting on with our lives .
The REACT study of more than 150,000 volunteers in England , one of the three new sources of data on community levels , found `` accelerating transmission '' at the end of August and start of September .
It said levels of infection were rising across England but particularly in the north east , north west and Yorkshire .
• Merseyside 'becomes an area of concern' And there were increases in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to the age of 65 , with highest rates of growth in 18-24 year olds .
Prof Paul Elliott , director of the study at Imperial College London , said the data clearly showed `` a concerning trend in coronavirus infections '' where cases are growing quickly across England and `` no longer concentrated in key workers '' .
He said there was evidence of `` an epidemic in the community '' which was not the result of more people being tested .
The second set of data , from the Office for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were 39,700 new cases of the virus in England during the first week in September - 11,000 more than the previous week .
The ONS bases its figures on thousands of swab tests carried out in households , whether people have symptoms or not .
It estimated no increase in cases for the same week in Wales , but First Minister Mark Drakeford has announced people must now wear face masks in shops in response to rising case numbers in recent days .
Katherine Kent , from the ONS infection survey , said @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Covid-19 infections in England during recent weeks , with higher infection rates among 17-34 year olds '' .
Nicola Sturgeon has warned that the average number of cases in Scotland has been `` more than trebling every three weeks '' with some areas of particular concern , including Lanarkshire and Greater Glasgow and Clyde .
And the third set of figures , from the Covid symptom study app , which tracks the health of nearly four million people in the UK , also suggests a growth in new cases since the end of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ there has been a significant rise in numbers .
Prof James Naismith , from the University of Oxford , said younger people would also have been affected to the same extent in January if testing had been available .
`` We know that medical treatment and scientific advances have improved significantly , thus even with infection rates as bad as March and April , there will be many fewer deaths .
`` The more people wash their hands and practise social distancing - especially by and around the vulnerable - the lower the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ see , '' he said .
• TESTING : What tests are available ?
• SYMPTOMS : What are they and how to guard against them ?
• LOOK-UP TOOL : How many cases in your area ?
• LOCAL LOCKDOWNS : What happens if you have one ?
• TEST AND TRACE : How does it work ?

Since lockdown, we have been deciding how to react to falling cases. But now the R number has gone above the crucial level of 1 for the first time since March and is backed up by reams of data showing cases are growing again.