southfront--2020-06-13--A Reconsideration Of Domestic Challenges To Achieving A Peaceful Settlement In Libya

One of the greatest difficulties Libya faces is the restoration of legitimacy to governance and the reconstruction of the State .
The ‘ transitional ’ arrangements for governing Libya were imposed by the ‘ international community ’ after NATO destroyed the country ’ s State institutions and infrastructure with massive bombardments in 2011 , supposedly to enforce a ‘ no-fly zone ’ imposed by a Security Council resolution ( accompanied by a massive looting of Libya ’ s assets and reserves in Europe and the US ) .
The current situation of the country ( as of 2016 ) is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) chaos and instability that resulted from the UN-authorised bombing campaign of 2011 .
It is likely that how Libyans perceive the main belligerents ’ ( the ‘ LNA ’ and ‘ GNA ’ ) relations with their foreign benefactors , and how their respective military forces conduct themselves in areas under their control , will be at least as important as victories on the battlefield in determining the future course of the conflict and whether and on what terms peace can be achieved and viable State institutions established .
Libya comprises three @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the east , and Fezzan in the southwest .
The Ottoman authorities recognized them as separate provinces .
Under Italian rule , they were unified to form a single colony , which gave way to independent Libya .
For much of Libya ’ s early history , both Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were more closely linked with neighbouring territories than with one other .
Most of the country is covered by the Sahara desert , and most of its population is concentrated along the coast and its immediate hinterland .
The two main @ @ @ @ @ @ @ contain about one quarter of the total population .
Tripoli , with the estimated population of about three million people , is the country formal capital and an important economic centre .
Benghazi , with the estimated population of more than one million people , is the primary city in Cyrenaica .
The modern cities have developed around the old city centres ( medinas ) , with satellite towns and villages in surrounding oases .
Shantytowns housing more recent migrants are also found near the two cities .
Other important centres include Gharyān @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Sūq al-Jumʿah , Janzūr , and Zawiyah in the west and Ajdābiyā , Al-Marj , Al-Bayḍāʾ , Derna , and Tobruk ( Ṭubruq ) in the east .
These cities are primarily regional administrative and commercial centres with some light industry .
Several have petroleum refineries and petrochemical installations .
Libyan society is made up primarily of three main ethnic groups , Arabs , Berbers and Tebu .
The Arabs are the majority inhabitants of today ’ s Libya , and brought Islam to the region when they first arrived from Arabia during @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The steady influx of Arab groups over time led to political upheavals and the gradual Arabization of many of Libya ’ s Amazigh populations .
The result was that by the 20th century the great majority of Libya ’ s inhabitants were Arabic-speaking Muslims of mixed descent .
The Berbers are the indigenous inhabitants of Libya and the Sahara .
There are numerous Berber tribes found in East Libya , West Libya , and across the entire Sahara desert , where they have been since the beginning of civilisation .
Their number @ @ @ @ @ @ @ their nomadic nature the Tuareg of the Sahara were not fully included in any census .
However it was widely estimated that the Berbers constitute between 10 % and 23 % of the population of Libya , and therefore assuming an average of 17 % would give just under one million Berbers .
Generally , the western side of the Libyan Sahara is inhabited by the Tuareg , while the eastern side is the home of the Tebo .
Some experts noted that the population of the Berbers in 1950s was just under @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and that the current drop in percentage is due to government policies , like the sudden increase of Arab nationalities granted by both King Idris and Gaddafi to large numbers of Tunisians , Egyptians and other ( so-called ) “ returned Libyans ” – just as today ’ s transitional rulers reportedly are doing… Libya ’ s total population is estimated at around 5 million .
There are an estimated 1.5 million immigrants .
Establishing an accurate census will be one of the most fundamental starting points for re-establishing legitimacy to the State @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of order returns to the country .
The Libyan website comments in this respect : On the 6th of July 2018 former rebel prime minister Mr. Mahmoud Jibril warned the Libyans of the failure of the forthcoming elections ( of 2018 ) due to “ fake IDs ” being issued by Libyan officials to gather voters for their election campaigns .
He says that there is widespread fraud concerning the so-called “ National Number ” , pointing out that this may endanger the outcome of the forthcoming elections where the losing political parties @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of fake voters .
It has been reported previously that the authorities in Tripoli are implicated in the illegal trade in human beings and that many immigrants were given fake Libyan IDs .
The same practice was observed in the military where many militias ( from both the Muslim Brotherhood-controlled Tripoli and from the Hor-controlled Benghazi ) are enlisting immigrants and mercenaries in their fight against each other and against the so-called foreign terrorists .
As we have reported in this website , previous elections , the elections hailed as successful by the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ from taking part in party elections and therefore were never fair or transparent .
Two days after Jibril ’ s warning the number of Libyans was reported by Libyas channel to have reached 7.7 million people ( including Libyans and non-Libyans ) .
According to Mr. Bouker , the former head of the Civil Registry Authority , tampering with the civil register and the national number had resulted in increasing the number of Libyans to nearly 7.7 million people , thereby endangering the national security of the country .
That is a jump @ @ @ @ @ @ @ two years… Mr. Bouker said he has a copy of the original database that can reveal the fake one million identities that were added in the past two years , and that restoring the original database would not take more than 24 hours .
It is not known who could restore the database to its state before the 1969 foreign operation , and/or restore the Sahara motherland to its rightful owners ( the Tuareg Berbers ) before its desecration by the colonial French , Italian and the British .
One thing is clear @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Berbers of North Africa .
Most of the reported violations in national identity reported in the past two years occurred in neglected Fezzan – the homeland of the Tuareg Berbers… The major Arab centres of today ’ s Libya include Tripoli , Benghazi , Misrata , Zawiya , Sabratha , Khoms , Albayda , Darna , Tobruk and other smaller villages and settlements along the coast and in the interior .
After the installation of Gaddafi in 1969 the arabisation of the Sahara was intensified by making Sabha the new capital of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is the stronghold of the various Berber tribes , to the extent it was also known as the Berber Mountain , before it was renamed “ ” by the ousted Colonel .
The oasis of Zuwarah in the western coast , the oases of Jalu and Awjla in eastern Libya , and the oasis of Ghadames at the edge of the Sahara are also Berber settlements ; while the Sahara herself is still the homeland of the various Berber Tuareg confederacies , as they were for thousands of years the dignified keepers of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the empire without borders ; before they were dispersed and split by colonial intruders into so many “ countries ” , without regard for their ethnic integrity or noble dignity .
The Berber Tuareg confederacies have always resisted the imposed borders to desecrate and divide their sacred homeland , just as they still do today .
The Tebo … are without a doubt native to the region , especially to the , whence the name Tibesti itself .
Like the Berbers , they have been persecuted by the previous regimes of Libya , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ shelled by outlaws and sponsored rebels… LINK The ‘ Constitution ’ is a temporary Constitutional Declaration ( imposed by the National Transitional Council , which was installed on 3/10/ 2011 ) .
The main elements of the ‘ internationally recognized government ’ since then were a General National Congress ( elected on 7/7/2012 ) , followed by a Legislature ( House of Representatives , elected on 25 June 2014 ) and an Executive ( the UN-imposed Presidential Council ( PC/ GNA , installed on 17 December 2015 ) .
In Libya there are @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a nation-wide presence .
The majority constitute local or regional actors , some of whom are relevant at the national level while representing the interests of their region or city .
Many important participants , particularly outside of the largest cities , also have tribal allegiances .
Since the summer of 2014 , political power has been split between two rival governments in Tripoli and in Tobruk , deriving from the transitional executive and legislative organs respectively .
The latter was recognised by the international community before the creation of the Presidency Council @ @ @ @ @ @ @ acts collectively as head of state and supreme commander of the armed forces – in December 2015 .
At the moment Libya has two main centres of power .
The first is the Presidency Council ( PC ) , which has been based in Tripoli since 30 March 2016 .
The PC is headed by Fayez al-Sarraj – a former member of the Tobruk Parliament , where he represented a Tripoli constituency – and it was created by the UN-brokered Libyan Political Agreement ( LPA ) in December 2015 .
According to this @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Government of National Accord ( GNA ) , also based in Tripoli .
The GNA was to have been endorsed by the Tobruk-based House of Representatives ( HoR ) according to the agreement , but on two occasions the HoR has voted down the list of ministers .
The GNA has had a string of major military victories over the last month following a large influx of weapons and fighters provided by Turkey .
The second centre of power is made up of the authorities based in Tobruk and Bayda , which were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The House of Representatives ( HoR ) in Tobruk was envisaged as the legitimate legislative authority under the LPA .
However , instead of working with the GNA the HoR endorsed the rival government of Abdullah al-Thinni which is based in the eastern Libyan city of Bayda .
The Libyan National Army ( LNA ) , commanded by Khalifa Haftar is largely the successor to the Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , since it was formed by the Transitional National Council of Libya in 2011 , from some of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ as well as from parts of the opposition National Liberation Army .
The LNA supports the supreme legislative body of the State elected in 2014 – the House of Representatives , located in Tobruk .
In March 2015 , the House of Representatives officially appointed Haftar as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of Libya .
In terms of foreign support , the LNA has received most assistance from Egypt and the United Arab Emirates .
Two other institutions are based in Tripoli and play a major role in Libya ’ s politics @ @ @ @ @ @ @ which is where oil money is paid and government money is disbursed .
Though pledging loyalty to the PC , it has had an uneasy relationship with it .
The National Oil Corporation ( NOC ) is also formally loyal to the PC but has had relatively good working relations with Haftar ’ s LNA after its seizure of eastern oil ports .
Several other types of groups and sectors of society are also competing for power : domestic and foreign armed groups ; “ city-states ” , particularly in western and southern @ @ @ @ @ @ @ which are primarily distributed throughout eastern and southern Libya ( particularly those derived from Tuareg and Tebo communities ) .
While many have been drawn into tactical or strategic alliances with the factions based around the Government of National Accord ( GNA ) or Libyan National Army ( LNA ) , many have retained a substantial degree of autonomy and have not committed to one side or the other .
Libya ’ s jihadist network can be divided along generational lines , starting with those who emerged in the 1980s .
Many from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in Afghanistan .
These veterans later created a number of groups in opposition to Muammar Gaddafi , the largest of which was the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group ( LIFG ) which is now defunct .
However , Libya still hosts a range of jihadist groups , from the Islamic State group ( ISIS ) to al Qaeda-linked groups , to other Salafi-jihadi factions .
Some are domestic and based in particular regions while others – particularly ISIS affiliates – include many foreigners .
Local returnees from Syria helped form Libya ’ s first @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Derna in 2014 .
Many had fought as part of ISIS ’ s al-Battar unit in northern Syria before returning home to replicate the model with help from senior non-Libyan ISIS figures .
The leadership of ISIS in Libya has always been dominated by foreigners .
ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi recognised the presence of ISIS in Libya in late 2014 , declaring three or provinces : Barqa ( eastern Libya ) , with Derna as its headquarters ; Tarablus ( Tripoli ) , with Sirte as its headquarters ; and Fezzan ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ central Mediterranean coast of Libya around the city of Sirte until a Misratan-led operation ( Misrata factions are currently allied with the GNA ) to defeat it .
ISIS has carried out attacks in all major Libyan cities , including the capital Tripoli .
ISIS has also had a presence in other parts of Libya , including Benghazi , where it was largely defeated by Haftar ’ s LNA .
Its affiliates have also mostly been driven out from the towns of Derna and Sabratha .
As described in a recent South Front @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is as follows : The LNA and the House of Representatives • Regular ground forces , consist of two mechanized infantry , one tank and three artillery brigades , as well as one brigade of special forces “ Saiga ” , two brigades of the “ Deterrence force ” numbering approximately 7,000 ; • Independent groups formally integrated into the LNA – up to 12 thousand fighters ; • Zintan brigades from the city of Zintan .
This is an independent power , currently allied with the LNA ; • Petroleum Facilities Guard @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the LNA .
The PFG controls fields and refineries in the center and in the east of the country ; • The Egyptian Armed Forces as a force directly involved in the Libyan conflict .
According to various sources , Cairo has up to 3000 instructors and military personnel involved in the conflict .
• The Big Tripolitan Quartet , on which al-Sarraj personally relies : Special Deterrence Forces , Tripoli Revolutionary Brigade , Central Abu Salim Security Forces and Navashi Brigade .
These groups were given an officiall status by the Ministry @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to the GNA , including the 7th Kani Brigade of the Presidential Guard from Tarhuna , military formations of the Avalyad Suleiman tribe ; • Misrata forces – various groups from Misrata on which Vice Prime Minister of the GNA Ahmed Maiteeq relies .
This is an independent force currently allied to the GNA ; • Ghwell ’ s Libyan National Guard – allied to the Misrata clans and thus to the GNA ; • Syrian mercenaries and militants , brought in by Turkey – approximately 5,000 people ; • Turkish Armed Forces @ @ @ @ @ @ @ directly involved in the conflict .
The LNA is supported internationally by Egypt , the UAE , Russia and Saudi Arabia .
The GNA is supported by Turkey , Qatar , and NATO member states in the face of USA , Italy , France and the UK .
ISIS has three separate formations in Libya : • Wilayat al-Fezzan in the province of Fezzan in the desert in the south ; • Wilayat al-Barqah in the province of Cyrenaica in the east , • Wilayat al-Tarablus in the province of Tripolitania in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of active members vary from 800 to 5,000 .
After the defeat from the LNA , the Ansar al-Sharia group virtually disappeared , and became a part of ISIS .
ISIS also included part of the fighters of the Shura Council of Dern and the Shura Council of Sirte .
ISIS is a constant adversary of the LNA and situational opponents of the GNA .
As the conflict drags on , how the major tribes and regional groups and communities throughout Libya perceive and respond to the factions aligned around the GNA and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ as whether Egypt enters openly and in force , particularly for long term prospects .
Ongoing developments in terms of their support for one side or the other might also provide some insights into how the Libyan people in different areas and sectors of the society are evaluating what is happening and whether one side or the other is perceived as being more ‘ legitimate ’ .
They may also provide clues as to whether some of them are being bought off by deep pockets or weapons supplies , or by some other @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Prospects For Resolving Conflict And Stabilizing Political Situation In Libya

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One of the greatest difficulties Libya faces is the restoration of legitimacy to governance and the reconstruction of the State. The ‘transitional’ arrangements for governing Libya were imposed by the ‘international community’ after NATO destroyed the country’s State institutions and infrastructure with massive bombardments in 2011, supposedly to enforce a ‘no-fly zone’ imposed by a Security Council resolution (accompanied by a massive looting of Libya’s assets and reserves in Europe and the US).
The current situation of the country (as of 2016) is ‘stateless’ (due to the) chaos and instability that resulted from the UN-authorised bombing campaign of 2011. It is likely that how Libyans perceive the main belligerents’ (the ‘LNA’ and ‘GNA’) relations with their foreign benefactors, and how their respective military forces conduct themselves in areas under their control, will be at least as important as victories on the battlefield in determining the future course of the conflict and whether and on what terms peace can be achieved and viable State institutions established.
Libyan society, demographic features and geography
Libya comprises three principal regions—Tripolitania in the northwest, Cyrenaica in the east, and Fezzan in the southwest. The Ottoman authorities recognized them as separate provinces. Under Italian rule, they were unified to form a single colony, which gave way to independent Libya. For much of Libya’s early history, both Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were more closely linked with neighbouring territories than with one other. Most of the country is covered by the Sahara desert, and most of its population is concentrated along the coast and its immediate hinterland.
The two main cities are Tripoli and Benghazi. They contain about one quarter of the total population. Tripoli, with the estimated population of about three million people, is the country formal capital and an important economic centre. Benghazi, with the estimated population of more than one million people, is the primary city in Cyrenaica. The modern cities have developed around the old city centres (medinas), with satellite towns and villages in surrounding oases. Shantytowns housing more recent migrants are also found near the two cities.
Other important centres include Gharyān, Al-Khums, Misurata, Tājūrāʾ, Sūq al-Jumʿah, Janzūr, and Zawiyah in the west and Ajdābiyā, Al-Marj, Al-Bayḍāʾ, Derna, and Tobruk (Ṭubruq) in the east. These cities are primarily regional administrative and commercial centres with some light industry. Several have petroleum refineries and petrochemical installations.
Libyan society is made up primarily of three main ethnic groups, Arabs, Berbers and Tebu. The Arabs are the majority inhabitants of today’s Libya, and brought Islam to the region when they first arrived from Arabia during the seventh century (640 AD). The steady influx of Arab groups over time led to political upheavals and the gradual Arabization of many of Libya’s Amazigh populations. The result was that by the 20th century the great majority of Libya’s inhabitants were Arabic-speaking Muslims of mixed descent.
The Berbers are the indigenous inhabitants of Libya and the Sahara. There are numerous Berber tribes found in East Libya, West Libya, and across the entire Sahara desert, where they have been since the beginning of civilisation. Their number is difficult to ascertain, since by their nomadic nature the Tuareg of the Sahara were not fully included in any census. However it was widely estimated that the Berbers constitute between 10% and 23% of the population of Libya, and therefore assuming an average of 17% would give just under one million Berbers. Generally, the western side of the Libyan Sahara is inhabited by the Tuareg, while the eastern side is the home of the Tebo.
Some experts noted that the population of the Berbers in 1950s was just under 50% of the total population, and that the current drop in percentage is due to government policies, like the sudden increase of Arab nationalities granted by both King Idris and Gaddafi to large numbers of Tunisians, Egyptians and other (so-called) “returned Libyans” – just as today’s transitional rulers reportedly are doing…
Libya’s total population is estimated at around 5 million. There are an estimated 1.5 million immigrants. Establishing an accurate census will be one of the most fundamental starting points for re-establishing legitimacy to the State once the violence subsides and some sort of order returns to the country. The Libyan website Temehu comments in this respect:
On the 6th of July 2018 former rebel prime minister Mr. Mahmoud Jibril warned the Libyans of the failure of the forthcoming elections (of 2018) due to “fake IDs” being issued by Libyan officials to gather voters for their election campaigns. He says that there is widespread fraud concerning the so-called “National Number”, pointing out that this may endanger the outcome of the forthcoming elections where the losing political parties may doubt the results on the basis of fake voters. It has been reported previously that the authorities in Tripoli are implicated in the illegal trade in human beings and that many immigrants were given fake Libyan IDs. The same practice was observed in the military where many militias (from both the Muslim Brotherhood-controlled Tripoli and from the Hor-controlled Benghazi) are enlisting immigrants and mercenaries in their fight against each other and against the so-called foreign terrorists. As we have reported in this website, previous elections, the elections hailed as successful by the colonial masters, have barred the Berbers from taking part in party elections and therefore were never fair or transparent. Two days after Jibril’s warning the number of Libyans was reported by Libyas channel to have reached 7.7 million people (including Libyans and non-Libyans). According to Mr. Bouker, the former head of the Civil Registry Authority, tampering with the civil register and the national number had resulted in increasing the number of Libyans to nearly 7.7 million people, thereby endangering the national security of the country. That is a jump of one million people in just over two years… Mr. Bouker said he has a copy of the original database that can reveal the fake one million identities that were added in the past two years, and that restoring the original database would not take more than 24 hours. It is not known who could restore the database to its state before the 1969 foreign operation, and/or restore the Sahara motherland to its rightful owners (the Tuareg Berbers) before its desecration by the colonial French, Italian and the British. One thing is clear; there is a program to Arabise the Berbers of North Africa. Most of the reported violations in national identity reported in the past two years occurred in neglected Fezzan – the homeland of the Tuareg Berbers… The major Arab centres of today’s Libya include Tripoli, Benghazi, Misrata, Zawiya, Sabratha, Khoms, Albayda, Darna, Tobruk and other smaller villages and settlements along the coast and in the interior. After the installation of Gaddafi in 1969 the arabisation of the Sahara was intensified by making Sabha the new capital of Fezzan. Nafousa Mountain in the west is the stronghold of the various Berber tribes, to the extent it was also known as the Berber Mountain, before it was renamed “The Western Mountain” by the ousted Colonel. The oasis of Zuwarah in the western coast, the oases of Jalu and Awjla in eastern Libya, and the oasis of Ghadames at the edge of the Sahara are also Berber settlements; while the Sahara herself is still the homeland of the various Berber Tuareg confederacies, as they were for thousands of years the dignified keepers of the largest desert in the world – the empire without borders; before they were dispersed and split by colonial intruders into so many “countries”, without regard for their ethnic integrity or noble dignity. The Berber Tuareg confederacies have always resisted the imposed borders to desecrate and divide their sacred homeland, just as they still do today. The Tebo … are without a doubt native to the region, especially to the Tibesti Mountain, whence the name Tibesti itself. Like the Berbers, they have been persecuted by the previous regimes of Libya, just as today their homes are being shelled by outlaws and sponsored rebels… LINK
The ‘Transitional’ Arrangements
The ‘Constitution’ is a temporary Constitutional Declaration (imposed by the National Transitional Council, which was installed on 3/10/ 2011). The main elements of the ‘internationally recognized government’ since then were a General National Congress (elected on 7/7/2012), followed by a Legislature (House of Representatives, elected on 25 June 2014) and an Executive (the UN-imposed Presidential Council (PC/ GNA, installed on 17 December 2015).
In Libya there are very few political organizations and groups with a nation-wide presence. The majority constitute local or regional actors, some of whom are relevant at the national level while representing the interests of their region or city. Many important participants, particularly outside of the largest cities, also have tribal allegiances.
Since the summer of 2014, political power has been split between two rival governments in Tripoli and in Tobruk, deriving from the transitional executive and legislative organs respectively. The latter was recognised by the international community before the creation of the Presidency Council (PC) – the body that acts collectively as head of state and supreme commander of the armed forces – in December 2015.
At the moment Libya has two main centres of power. The first is the Presidency Council (PC), which has been based in Tripoli since 30 March 2016. The PC is headed by Fayez al-Sarraj – a former member of the Tobruk Parliament, where he represented a Tripoli constituency – and it was created by the UN-brokered Libyan Political Agreement (LPA) in December 2015. According to this agreement, the PC presides over the Government of National Accord (GNA), also based in Tripoli. The GNA was to have been endorsed by the Tobruk-based House of Representatives (HoR) according to the agreement, but on two occasions the HoR has voted down the list of ministers. The GNA has had a string of major military victories over the last month following a large influx of weapons and fighters provided by Turkey.
The second centre of power is made up of the authorities based in Tobruk and Bayda, which were also supposed to work under the LPA. The House of Representatives (HoR) in Tobruk was envisaged as the legitimate legislative authority under the LPA. However, instead of working with the GNA the HoR endorsed the rival government of Abdullah al-Thinni which is based in the eastern Libyan city of Bayda.
The Libyan National Army (LNA), commanded by Khalifa Haftar is largely the successor to the Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, since it was formed by the Transitional National Council of Libya in 2011, from some of the late Gaddafi’s military personnel, as well as from parts of the opposition National Liberation Army.
The LNA supports the supreme legislative body of the State elected in 2014 – the House of Representatives, located in Tobruk. In March 2015, the House of Representatives officially appointed Haftar as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of Libya. In terms of foreign support, the LNA has received most assistance from Egypt and the United Arab Emirates.
Two other institutions are based in Tripoli and play a major role in Libya’s politics. The Central Bank of Libya, which is where oil money is paid and government money is disbursed. Though pledging loyalty to the PC, it has had an uneasy relationship with it. The National Oil Corporation (NOC) is also formally loyal to the PC but has had relatively good working relations with Haftar’s LNA after its seizure of eastern oil ports.
Several other types of groups and sectors of society are also competing for power: domestic and foreign armed groups; “city-states”, particularly in western and southern Libya; and the tribal militias, which are primarily distributed throughout eastern and southern Libya (particularly those derived from Tuareg and Tebo communities). While many have been drawn into tactical or strategic alliances with the factions based around the Government of National Accord (GNA) or Libyan National Army (LNA), many have retained a substantial degree of autonomy and have not committed to one side or the other.
Libya’s jihadist network can be divided along generational lines, starting with those who emerged in the 1980s. Many from that older generation fought against Soviet-backed forces in Afghanistan. These veterans later created a number of groups in opposition to Muammar Gaddafi, the largest of which was the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG) which is now defunct.
However, Libya still hosts a range of jihadist groups, from the Islamic State group (ISIS) to al Qaeda-linked groups, to other Salafi-jihadi factions. Some are domestic and based in particular regions while others – particularly ISIS affiliates – include many foreigners. Local returnees from Syria helped form Libya’s first ISIS affiliate in the eastern town of Derna in 2014. Many had fought as part of ISIS’s al-Battar unit in northern Syria before returning home to replicate the model with help from senior non-Libyan ISIS figures. The leadership of ISIS in Libya has always been dominated by foreigners.
ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi recognised the presence of ISIS in Libya in late 2014, declaring three wilayats or provinces: Barqa (eastern Libya), with Derna as its headquarters; Tarablus (Tripoli), with Sirte as its headquarters; and Fezzan (southwestern Libya).
ISIS controlled the central Mediterranean coast of Libya around the city of Sirte until a Misratan-led operation (Misrata factions are currently allied with the GNA) to defeat it. ISIS has carried out attacks in all major Libyan cities, including the capital Tripoli. ISIS has also had a presence in other parts of Libya, including Benghazi, where it was largely defeated by Haftar’s LNA. Its affiliates have also mostly been driven out from the towns of Derna and Sabratha.
As described in a recent South Front report, the current balance of forces is as follows:
The LNA and the House of Representatives
Regular ground forces, consist of two mechanized infantry, one tank and three artillery brigades, as well as one brigade of special forces “Saiga”, two brigades of the “Deterrence force” numbering approximately 7,000; Independent groups formally integrated into the LNA – up to 12 thousand fighters; Foreign military contingents consisting of private military contractors including Sudanese and Chadians; Zintan brigades from the city of Zintan. This is an independent power, currently allied with the LNA; Petroleum Facilities Guard (PFG) is mostly allied with the LNA. The PFG controls fields and refineries in the center and in the east of the country; The Egyptian Armed Forces as a force directly involved in the Libyan conflict. According to various sources, Cairo has up to 3000 instructors and military personnel involved in the conflict.
The GNA bloc
The Big Tripolitan Quartet, on which al-Sarraj personally relies: Special Deterrence Forces, Tripoli Revolutionary Brigade, Central Abu Salim Security Forces and Navashi Brigade. These groups were given an officiall status by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Forces loyal to the GNA, including the 7th Kani Brigade of the Presidential Guard from Tarhuna, military formations of the Avalyad Suleiman tribe; Misrata forces – various groups from Misrata on which Vice Prime Minister of the GNA Ahmed Maiteeq relies. This is an independent force currently allied to the GNA; National Mobile Forces consist primarily of Amazigh; Ghwell’s Libyan National Guard – allied to the Misrata clans and thus to the GNA; Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries; Syrian mercenaries and militants, brought in by Turkey – approximately 5,000 people; Turkish Armed Forces, as a force that’s directly involved in the conflict.
The LNA is supported internationally by Egypt, the UAE, Russia and Saudi Arabia. The GNA is supported by Turkey, Qatar, and NATO member states in the face of USA, Italy, France and the UK.
ISIS has three separate formations in Libya:
Wilayat al-Fezzan in the province of Fezzan in the desert in the south; Wilayat al-Barqah in the province of Cyrenaica in the east, Wilayat al-Tarablus in the province of Tripolitania in the west.
Estimates of the total number of active members vary from 800 to 5,000.
After the defeat from the LNA, the Ansar al-Sharia group virtually disappeared, and became a part of ISIS. ISIS also included part of the fighters of the Shura Council of Dern and the Shura Council of Sirte. ISIS is a constant adversary of the LNA and situational opponents of the GNA.
As the conflict drags on, how the major tribes and regional groups and communities throughout Libya perceive and respond to the factions aligned around the GNA and LNA could be at least as important as whether Egypt enters openly and in force, particularly for long term prospects.
Ongoing developments in terms of their support for one side or the other might also provide some insights into how the Libyan people in different areas and sectors of the society are evaluating what is happening and whether one side or the other is perceived as being more ‘legitimate’. They may also provide clues as to whether some of them are being bought off by deep pockets or weapons supplies, or by some other trade-off.
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southfront--2020-06-13--U.S.-led Coalition Air-Drops Supplies In Northeast Syria (Photos)

The U.S.-led coalition announced on June 12 that it had air-dropped supplies for its troops and the Syrian Democratic Forces @ @ @ @ @ Syria .
In a statement on Twitter , the Special Ops Joint Task Force of @ @ @ @ @ resupply operation took place on June 5 .
The coalition usually resupplies its troops and @ @ @ @ @ border crossing with the Iraqi Kurdistan Region .
Dozens of supply trucks enter northeast Syria @ @ @ @ @ .
In April , the U.S.-led coalition air-dropped logistic and military supplies for its troops @ @ @ @ @ Deir Ezzor .
Back then , the Semalka crossing was deemed unsafe due to floods @ @ @ @ @ the SDF are stepping up their operations against ISIS cells in northeast Syria .
Last @ @ @ @ @ between al-Hasakah and Deir Ezzor was combed in a large security operation .
More than @ @ @ @ @ MORE ON THIS TOPIC :

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The U.S.-led coalition announced on June 12 that it had air-dropped supplies for its troops and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in northeast Syria.
In a statement on Twitter, the Special Ops Joint Task Force of the coalition revealed that the resupply operation took place on June 5.
“Air drops such as these come to signify the enduring partnership between the SDF and the Coalition throughout the ESSA,” the statement reads.
On June 5, 2020, the SDF and members of the SOJTF-OIR Coalition conducted an air drop in Northeast Syria for resupply. Air drops such as these come to signify the enduring partnership between the SDF and the Coalition throughout the ESSA. #DefeatDaesh #SDF pic.twitter.com/OLNpC81mLl — Special Ops Joint Task Force-OIR (Iraq/Syria) (@SOJTFOIR) June 12, 2020
The coalition usually resupplies its troops and the SDF through the Semalka border crossing with the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Dozens of supply trucks enter northeast Syria through the crossing every month.
In April, the U.S.-led coalition air-dropped logistic and military supplies for its troops in the eastern governorate of Deir Ezzor. Back then, the Semalka crossing was deemed unsafe due to floods.
The U.S.-led coalition and the SDF are stepping up their operations against ISIS cells in northeast Syria. Last week, a vast region between al-Hasakah and Deir Ezzor was combed in a large security operation. More than 100 suspects were arrested.
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southfront--2020-06-13--Displaced Militants Clashe With Locals In Northern Idlib (Video)

Late on June 12 , militants who were recently displaced from the city of Ma ` arat al-Nu ` man clashed with locals in the town of Salqin in northern Idlib .
According to opposition sources , the conflict started when a local man from Salqin assaulted a displaced civilian from Ma ` arat al-Nu ` man for setting a food stand near his shop .
The man was beaten up by a crowd of locals , who went on to attack apartments rented by civilians from Ma ` arat al-Nu ` man .
In response to the incident , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ man stormed Salqin .
Heavy clashes broke out inside the town for a few hours .
No casualties were reported , however .
Eventually , al-Qaeda-affiliated Hay ’ at Tahrir al-Sham ( HTS ) dispatched a large security force to Salqin and a ceasefire was imposed .
Local figures from Salqin and Ma ` arat al-Nu ` man reached on June 13 an agreement to settle the dispute .
Under the agreement , everyone involved in the incident will be released .
Salqin ’ s clashes are an example of the state of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ HTS ’ rule , crimes and conflicts became very common in the region .
All of this is taking place under the eyes of Turkey , that maintains a large presence in the region .
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Late on June 12, militants who were recently displaced from the city of Ma`arat al-Nu`man clashed with locals in the town of Salqin in northern Idlib.
According to opposition sources, the conflict started when a local man from Salqin assaulted a displaced civilian from Ma`arat al-Nu`man for setting a food stand near his shop. The man was beaten up by a crowd of locals, who went on to attack apartments rented by civilians from Ma`arat al-Nu`man.
In response to the incident, militants from Ma`arat al-Nu`man stormed Salqin. Heavy clashes broke out inside the town for a few hours. No casualties were reported, however.
Eventually, al-Qaeda-affiliated Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) dispatched a large security force to Salqin and a ceasefire was imposed.
Local figures from Salqin and Ma`arat al-Nu`man reached on June 13 an agreement to settle the dispute. Under the agreement, everyone involved in the incident will be released.
Salqin’s clashes are an example of the state of lawlessness prevailing over Greater Idlib. Under HTS’ rule, crimes and conflicts became very common in the region. All of this is taking place under the eyes of Turkey, that maintains a large presence in the region.
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southfront--2020-06-13--Military Situation In Syria On June 13, 2020 (Map Update)

Click to see the full-size image A brief overview of the recent developments in Syria : • The Syrian Democratic @ @ @ @ @ its security operation in the al-Hawl camp ; • The al-Qaeda-affiliated wa-Harid al-Mu ’ minin @ @ @ @ @ its recent attack on the Syrian Army in Tanjarah and Fattirah ; • The Afrin @ @ @ @ @ had killed 5 Turkish-backed militants in recent attacks in Afrin ; MORE ON THE TOPIC @

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A brief overview of the recent developments in Syria:
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southfront--2020-06-13--HTS’ Self-Proclaimed Government In Greater Idlib Switches To Turkish Lira Amid Crippling Economic Cr

HTS’ Self-Proclaimed Government In Greater Idlib Switches To Turkish Lira Amid Crippling Economic Crisis

Hay ’ at Tahrir al-Sham ( HTS ) so-called Salvation Government in Greater Idlib has abandoned Syrian Pound in favor of Turkish Lira .
In the last few days , the self-proclaimed government brought large quantities of Turkish bills and coins .
The plan is to slowly replace the Syrian pound with Turkish Lira in day-to-day trade in Greater Idlib .
The Salvation Government was formed by HTS in 2017 .
Back then , the U.S. warned from dealing with the al-Qaeda-affiliated government .
However , Turkey is apparently ignoring this warning .
In the last few months , the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ falling to over 2,000 for U.S. Dollar .
Crippling sanctions imposed by the West , a devastating economic crisis in neighboring Lebanon and a long COVID-19 lockdown were blamed for the collapse .
On June 11 , Ibrahim al-Ibrahim , General Finance Director in HTS ’ government , told the al-Sham News Network that public sector employees in Greater Idlib will from now on get paid in Turkish Lira .
Last May , the government converted the value of the salaries to U.S. Dollar .
“ Due to the continues collapse of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ achieve the desire of the employees , who don ’ t want to get paid in Syrian Pound , the government has started to pay salaries in Turkish Lira , which was widely welcomed by the employees , ” al-Ibrahim said .
Some opposition activists hope that switching to Turkish Lira in Greater Idlib will further damage the Syrian pound , thus weaken the financial capabilities of Damascus .
While this is very possible , the newly-injected Turkish currency could easily reach government-held areas .
Despite the ongoing conflict , opposition areas trade @ @ @ @ @ @ @ through smuggling .
This means that the Syrian Pound will remain desirable as “ hot cash ” in Greater Idlib as well as in Turkish-occupied areas in the north and northeast .
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Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) so-called Salvation Government in Greater Idlib has abandoned Syrian Pound in favor of Turkish Lira.
In the last few days, the self-proclaimed government brought large quantities of Turkish bills and coins. The plan is to slowly replace the Syrian pound with Turkish Lira in day-to-day trade in Greater Idlib.
After the approval of the “Salvation Gov”, large quantities of Turkish lira bills and coins reached Idlib’s central bank, as the unstable Syrian lira will gradually become replaced by the Turkish lira. The Syrian lira will soon lose almost 5 million users (Idlib & Aleppo) pic.twitter.com/HDTa8GyPzR — Elizabeth Tsurkov (@Elizrael) June 11, 2020
The Salvation Government was formed by HTS in 2017. Back then, the U.S. warned from dealing with the al-Qaeda-affiliated government. However, Turkey is apparently ignoring this warning.
In the last few months, the Syrian pound lost most of value, falling to over 2,000 for U.S. Dollar. Crippling sanctions imposed by the West, a devastating economic crisis in neighboring Lebanon and a long COVID-19 lockdown were blamed for the collapse.
On June 11, Ibrahim al-Ibrahim, General Finance Director in HTS’ government, told the al-Sham News Network that public sector employees in Greater Idlib will from now on get paid in Turkish Lira. Last May, the government converted the value of the salaries to U.S. Dollar.
“Due to the continues collapse of the Syrian Pound, and in order to achieve the desire of the employees, who don’t want to get paid in Syrian Pound, the government has started to pay salaries in Turkish Lira, which was widely welcomed by the employees,” al-Ibrahim said.
Some opposition activists hope that switching to Turkish Lira in Greater Idlib will further damage the Syrian pound, thus weaken the financial capabilities of Damascus. While this is very possible, the newly-injected Turkish currency could easily reach government-held areas.
Despite the ongoing conflict, opposition areas trade with government-held areas on a daily basis through smuggling. This means that the Syrian Pound will remain desirable as “hot cash” in Greater Idlib as well as in Turkish-occupied areas in the north and northeast.
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southfront--2020-06-14--Turkish Army Claims It Eliminated Kurdish Fighters In Iraq & Syria, Shares Old Footage

The Turkish Ministry of National Defense announced on June 14 that its troops had eliminated Kurdish fighters in Iraq and @ @ @ @ @ ministry , an infiltration attempt was foiled in northeast Syria .
Three fighters of the @ @ @ @ @ and the Kurdistan Workers ’ Party ( PKK ) were neutralized by Turkish troops .
@ @ @ @ @ , two PKK fighters were also neutralized by the Turkish military .
The fighters were @ @ @ @ @ areas of Zap and Avasin-Basyan .
The Turkish Ministry of National Defense shared videos , @ @ @ @ @ the two operations .
Both videos were apparently old stock footage .
One of the @ @ @ @ @ ago only .
Turkish forces maintain a strong presence in northern and northeastern Syria as @ @ @ @ @ to counter Kurdish guerilla groups , mainly the PKK .
Yet , little progress has @ @ @ @ @ as these groups are still fairly active in all fronts .
MORE ON THIS TOPIC @

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The Turkish Ministry of National Defense announced on June 14 that its troops had eliminated several Kurdish fighters in Iraq and Syria.
According to the defense ministry, an infiltration attempt was foiled in northeast Syria. Three fighters of the People’s Protection Units (YPG) and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) were neutralized by Turkish troops.
In the Iraqi Kurdistan region, two PKK fighters were also neutralized by the Turkish military. The fighters were detected and targeted in the areas of Zap and Avasin-Basyan.
The Turkish Ministry of National Defense shared videos, which are supposed to show the two operations. Both videos were apparently old stock footage. One of the videos was used two weeks ago only.
Terör örgütü PKK/YPG’nin huzur ve güven ortamını bozmaya dönük yeni sızma ve saldırı girişimleri önlendi. Barış Pınarı bölgesinde 3 PKK/YPG’li terörist, Kahraman Komandolarımız tarafından etkisiz hale getirildi.#MSB #TSK pic.twitter.com/gDdkpafiSo — T.C. Millî Savunma Bakanlığı (@tcsavunma) June 14, 2020
Geçit vermeyeceğiz!
Irak kuzeyindeki Zap ve Avaşin-Basyan bölgelerinde keşif ve gözetleme vasıtalarıyla tespit edilen 2 PKK’lı terörist, düzenlenen hava harekâtlarıyla etkisiz hale getirildi. En son terörist etkisiz hale getirilinceye kadar operasyonlara devam edilecek!#MSB #TSK pic.twitter.com/6k7sHv0rhz — T.C. Millî Savunma Bakanlığı (@tcsavunma) June 14, 2020
Turkish forces maintain a strong presence in northern and northeastern Syria as well as in northern Iraq to counter Kurdish guerilla groups, mainly the PKK. Yet, little progress has been achieved so far, as these groups are still fairly active in these areas.
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southfront--2020-06-14--Military Situation In Syria On June 14, 2020 (Map Update)

Click to see the full-size image A brief overview of the recent developments in Syria : • The US-led coalition @ @ @ @ @ and SDF members on the eastern bank of the Euphrates ; • The Turkish Army @ @ @ @ @ in Arihah ; • 3 people were killed in an IED explosion in the southern @ @ @ @ @ • A unit of the Russian Military Police conducted a patrol near Ras al-Ayn ; @ @ @ @ @ positions and equipment of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham at al-Bara and Deir Sunbul .
MORE ON @ @ @


southfront--2020-06-14--Turkey Conducted Air, Sea Drills Off Libyan Coast (Video)

Turkey shares border and history with Russia , which today can not afford to have another NATO enemy on its @ @ @ @ @ ’ t rate very high in Russian thinking due to bad experience during USSR era @ @ @ @ @ a neutral Turkey , they tested the waters with Haftar , but he proved to @ @ @ @ @ so they would rather stick with Turkey and so has Iran .
The Arabs disunity @ @ @ @ @ put anyone to shame .
BTW , on paper the Egyptian cunts have far superior @ @ @ @ @ their pilots are useless and 70 % of the equipment is in pathetic shape .
@ @ @ @ @ is a full scale war going on in Sinai and the Bedouins linked with alCIAda @ @ @ @ @ That does not look good for the dumbass Sisi whose military is in no condition @ @ @ @ @ army in NATO .
Turkey is following the Americunt textbook in draining Libya of all @ @ @ @ @ for Syria .
It is sad but true .

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17 Turkish warplanes and 8 frigates took part in the “High Seas Exercises” off the Libyan coast, the Turkish Armed Forces announced.
“During the 8-hour mission extending nearly 1050 NM (2000 km) away from Turkish territorial waters, command and control procedures were practised, exercises that included in-flight refuelling, joint naval-air operations were conducted and the maritime and air picture was built and shared,” the defence ministry said.
Akdeniz’de 8 saat süren ve başarılı şekilde icra edilen Açık Deniz Eğitimi’nde görev alan uçakların ve personelimizin uçuş öncesi hazırlık görüntüleri… pic.twitter.com/6QaM9o7X2E — T.C. Millî Savunma Bakanlığı (@tcsavunma) June 12, 2020
In an effort to practice and improve the uninterrupted conduct of long-distance operational tasks directed by operations centers in Turkey, Turkish Naval and Air Forces conducted High Seas Exercises in the Mediterranean Sea.https://t.co/Z0gmpGOEBg pic.twitter.com/Jew0e5yosw — T.C. Millî Savunma Bakanlığı (@tcsavunma) June 12, 2020
The Turkish drills took place as the Tripoli-based Government of National Accord and Syrian militant groups supported by Turkey are preparing to storm the Libyan port city of Sirte, which is in the hands of the Libyan National Army.
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southfront--2020-06-14--Military Situation In Yemen On June 14, 2020 (Map Update)

Click to see the full-size image A brief overview of the recent developments in Yemen : • Ansar Allah reported @ @ @ @ @ during the past 24 hours .
These included 116 artillery strikes and 45 sporadic firefights @ @ @ @ @ forces ’ attack in the Hays area ; • Clashes between Ansar Allah ans Saudi-led @ @ @ @ @ area and south of Madghal .
MORE ON THE TOPIC :

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A brief overview of the recent developments in Yemen:
Saudi-led coalition warplanes struck the Zaher area 5 times;
Saudi-led coalition warplanes struck the Majzar area 44 times;
Saudi-led coalition warplanes struck the Haradh area 6 times;
Saudi-led coalition warplanes struck Khab and Shaaf areas 7 times;
Ansar Allah reported 83 ceasefire violations in al-Hudaydah during the past 24 hours. These included 116 artillery strikes and 45 sporadic firefights. Ansar Allah repelled Saudi-led forces’ attack in the Hays area;
Clashes between Ansar Allah ans Saudi-led forces continue in the Jufrah area and south of Madghal.
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southfront--2020-06-14--Officer Fired, Police Chief Steps Down, Wendy’s Set Ablaze After Atlanta Shooting

Atlanta PD officer Garrett Rolfe has been fired following the deadly Friday night shooting of Rayshard Brooks , while another officer , Devin Bronsan , has been placed on administrative leave , according to – citing an Atlanta Police spokesman just after midnight on Sunday .
Meanwhile , Atlanta Police Chief Erika Shields will be stepping down following the incident .
Brooks , who had fallen asleep at the wheel at a Wendy ’ s drive-thru , was shot by an officer after he grabbed one of their Tasers and pointed it at them as he was running away .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Memorial Hospital .
In response to the shooting , protesters set the Wendy ’ s on fire : A crew was attacked by peaceful protesters at the scene : The group then began to set fires nearby : The latest police killing of an “ unarmed ” black man unfolded Friday night in Atlanta , and footage released Saturday afternoon is already causing a major uproar in the city .
Activists are demanding that Atlanta ’ s police chief Erika Shields , whose statements to the press and willingness to push deescalation tactics @ @ @ @ @ @ @ unrest that followed the killing of George Floyd .
Though the only details of the incident so far involve grainy cellphone camera footage , it ’ s clear in the video that one of the two APD officers involved in the incident shot a suspect in the back as he was running away after wresting one of the officer ’ s tasers away from him .
The Georgia NAACP claimed the APD needs “ a serious overhaul ” and argued that the deceased suspect , later identified as Rayshard Brooks , 27 , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ not for attacking two officers and stealing one of their weapons ) .
The footage posted to twitter earlier shows Brooks successfully wrestle both officers to the ground before running off with the taser .
At the end of the video , several gunshots ring out , though the shooting of Brooks isn ’ t shown .
Meanwhile , protesters showed up Saturday to Washington DC ’ s “ Black Lives Matter ” plaza where smaller protests have been ongoing every day .
Saturday marked the 16th day of demonstrations .
Here ’ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Post : the ADP received a call and was dispatched to a local Wendy ’ s Friday night following a complaint about a man parked and asleep in the drive-through , according to a preliminary report from the Georgia Bureau of Investigation .
The situation escalated when the two officers tried taking Brooks , 27 , into custody .
He resisted , and the situation quickly became violent .
Atlanta activists wrote Saturday that “ ADP shot another unarmed black man in South Atlanta .
Details are still coming and our rage continues.
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ 48th officer-involved shooting the GBI has been asked to investigate since the start of 2020 .
Ahmaud Arbery was also shot and killed in Georgia , though his assailants – who will all stand trial for murder – weren ’ t cops .
Once the GBI completes its independent investigation , the case will be turned over to the Fulton County District Attorney ’ s Office for review .
Later on Saturday , the Fulton County DA ’ s office said it had already launched “ an intense , independent investigation of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to the scene immediately after the shooting .
One local outlet said both officers involved have been removed from duty pending an investigation .

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Originally appeared at ZeroHedge
Atlanta PD officer Garrett Rolfe has been fired following the deadly Friday night shooting of Rayshard Brooks, while another officer, Devin Bronsan, has been placed on administrative leave, according to 11 Alive – citing an Atlanta Police spokesman just after midnight on Sunday.
Officer Garrett Rolfe, Officer Devin Bronsan
Meanwhile, Atlanta Police Chief Erika Shields will be stepping down following the incident.
Brooks, who had fallen asleep at the wheel at a Wendy’s drive-thru, was shot by an officer after he grabbed one of their Tasers and pointed it at them as he was running away. He died later that evening at Grady Memorial Hospital.
In response to the shooting, protesters set the Wendy’s on fire:
Atlanta ain’t having it…. they burnt that Wendy’s down Quick. pic.twitter.com/oLDI37kG2d — DJ Kam Bennett (@KameronBennett) June 14, 2020
Atlanta: Wendy's on University Ave. on fire as protests have taken over the interstate in response to the killing of Rayshard Brooks by police on Friday. Police chief Erika Shields has reportedly resigned following weeks of protest. Video: CBS affiliate pic.twitter.com/6d9OthFBrQ — Camila (@camilateleSUR) June 14, 2020
A CNN crew was attacked by peaceful protesters at the scene:
Wow. CNN crew attacked by ‘peaceful protestors’ at the Wendy’s in Atlanta. pic.twitter.com/SHs0Sj8R2a — Kyle Kashuv (@KyleKashuv) June 14, 2020
The group then began to set fires nearby:
After setting Wendy’s is on fire, the protesters/rioters now set other small fires & looting a gas station.
Fire department is not responding due to unsafe conditions & the crowd is still growing. #AtlantaRiot#LawAndOrderpic.twitter.com/asya112LA1 — ~Marietta✌ (@_MariettaDavis) June 14, 2020
* * *
The latest police killing of an “unarmed” black man unfolded Friday night in Atlanta, and footage released Saturday afternoon is already causing a major uproar in the city. Activists are demanding that Atlanta’s police chief Erika Shields, whose statements to the press and willingness to push deescalation tactics made her a media darling during the unrest that followed the killing of George Floyd.
Though the only details of the incident so far involve grainy cellphone camera footage, it’s clear in the video that one of the two APD officers involved in the incident shot a suspect in the back as he was running away after wresting one of the officer’s tasers away from him.
The Georgia NAACP claimed the APD needs “a serious overhaul” and argued that the deceased suspect, later identified as Rayshard Brooks, 27, was killed for “sleeping” (not for attacking two officers and stealing one of their weapons).
@KeishaBottoms, @Atlanta_Police needs a serious overhaul. The continuation of these kinds of actions require immediate resolution. Instead of seeing an improvement, it continues to happen day after day. Chief Shields must be relieved immediately. https://t.co/cHQMdosqip — Georgia NAACP (@Georgia_NAACP) June 13, 2020
The footage posted to twitter earlier shows Brooks successfully wrestle both officers to the ground before running off with the taser. At the end of the video, several gunshots ring out, though the shooting of Brooks isn’t shown.
ATLANTA PD SHOOT AND KILL AN UNARMED MAN
pic.twitter.com/BW5IcNLUqm — The_Real_Fly (@The_Real_Fly) June 13, 2020
Meanwhile, protesters showed up Saturday to Washington DC’s “Black Lives Matter” plaza where smaller protests have been ongoing every day. Saturday marked the 16th day of demonstrations.
Here’s what happened according to the Washington Post: the ADP received a call and was dispatched to a local Wendy’s Friday night following a complaint about a man parked and asleep in the drive-through, according to a preliminary report from the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. The situation escalated when the two officers tried taking Brooks, 27, into custody. He resisted, and the situation quickly became violent.
Shields
Atlanta activists wrote Saturday that “ADP shot another unarmed black man in South Atlanta. Details are still coming and our rage continues.”
The GBI’s preliminary report told a different story.
“During the arrest, the male subject resisted and a struggle ensued,” GBI said. “The officer deployed a Taser. Witnesses report that during the struggle the male subject grabbed and was in possession of the Taser. It has also been reported that the male subject was shot by an officer in the struggle over the Taser.”
Brooks died Saturday morning at a local hospital after emergency surgery.
Brooks’s death marks the 48th officer-involved shooting the GBI has been asked to investigate since the start of 2020. Ahmaud Arbery was also shot and killed in Georgia, though his assailants – who will all stand trial for murder – weren’t cops.
Once the GBI completes its independent investigation, the case will be turned over to the Fulton County District Attorney’s Office for review. Later on Saturday, the Fulton County DA’s office said it had already launched “an intense, independent investigation of the incident” and that personnel were dispatched to the scene immediately after the shooting. One local outlet said both officers involved have been removed from duty pending an investigation.
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southfront--2020-06-14--Russian Aerospace Forces Launch Heavy Airstrikes On Syria’s Greater Idlib (Videos)

Early on June 14 , the Russian Aerospace Forces ( VKS ) launched a series of airstrikes on the northwestern @ @ @ @ @ .
According to pro-militant sources , warplanes , and allegedly combat drones , targeted positions @ @ @ @ @ of the towns of al-Bara and Deir Sunbul in the al-Zawiayh Mount in the southern @ @ @ @ @ shared videos showing some of the airstrikes on southern Idlib .
The results of the @ @ @ @ @ revealed .
The VKS halted its combat operations in Greater Idlib on March 5 in @ @ @ @ @ brokered by Russia and Turkey .
Russian warplanes targeted the region for the first time @ @ @ @ @ ceasefire on June 8 in response to an attack by terrorists .
The new Russian @ @ @ @ @ plotting to target Syrian or Russian forces .
Another possibility is that the airstrikes targeted @ @ @ @ @ MORE ON THIS TOPIC : • Russian Forces To Establish Forward Position Near Turkish-Occupied Ras @ @ @ @

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Early on June 14, the Russian Aerospace Forces (VKS) launched a series of airstrikes on the northwestern Syrian region of Greater Idlib.
According to pro-militant sources, warplanes, and allegedly combat drones, targeted positions and vehicles in the vicinity of the towns of al-Bara and Deir Sunbul in the al-Zawiayh Mount in the southern Idlib countryside.
Opposition activists shared videos showing some of the airstrikes on southern Idlib. The results of the airstrikes are yet to be revealed.
The VKS halted its combat operations in Greater Idlib on March 5 in accordance with a ceasefire agreement brokered by Russia and Turkey. Russian warplanes targeted the region for the first time since the beginning of the ceasefire on June 8 in response to an attack by terrorists.
The new Russian airstrikes may have targeted terrorists plotting to target Syrian or Russian forces. Another possibility is that the airstrikes targeted a senior terrorist commander.
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southfront--2020-06-14--Multiple Rockets Hit Camp Taji Hosting US Forces In Iraq: Reports

Trump threatened to murder the PM of Iraq , ordered the Marines to murder protesters and ordered the murder of Soleimani while he was on a peace mission .
Crimes don ’ t get worse than this and why Abdul Mahdi resigned .
Arrest Trump and present him to the Hague .
Here is the address by Abdul Mahdi……………….. “ This is why I visited China and signed an important agreement with them to undertake the construction instead .
Upon my return , Trump called me to ask me to reject this agreement .
When I refused , he threatened @ @ @ @ @ @ @ would end my premiership .
Huge demonstrations against me duly materialized and Trump called again to threaten that if I did not comply with his demands , then he would have Marine snipers on tall buildings target protesters and security personnel alike in order to pressure me .
I refused again and handed in my resignation .
After this , when our Minister of Defense publicly stated that a third party was targeting both protesters and security personnel alike ( just as Trump had threatened , he would do ) , I received @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( discuss banned word ) both me and the Minister of Defense if we kept on talking about this “ third party ” .
I was supposed to meet him ( Soleimani ) later in the morning when he was killed .
He came to deliver a message from Iran in response to the message we had delivered to the Iranians from the Saudis .
The Kingdom ’ s statement regarding the events in Iraq stresses the Kingdom ’ s view of the importance of de-escalation to save the countries of the region @ @ @ @ @ @ @ any escalation .
The kingdom of Saudi Arabia was not consulted regarding the US strike .
In light of the rapid developments , the Kingdom stresses the importance of exercising restraint to guard against all acts that may lead to escalation , with severe consequences .
Saudi Arabia is sending a delegation to Washington to urge restraint with Iran on behalf of [ Persian ] Gulf states .
The message will be : ‘ Please spare us the pain of going through another war ’ .
”

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Several rockets fell inside the Camp Taji military base hosting US forces in Iraq on April 13 evening. Local media reported at least one explosion in the military base area.
The Camp Taji is the largest US military base in Iraq. Early in 2020, the base became a target of the Iranian missile strike:
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southfront--2020-06-14--Saudi-led Coalition Intercepts ‘Ballistic Missile’ Launched By Houthis Over Najran

..YOURE A DUMB ASS !
1. the intercept missiles only have a range of 20km in most cases !
RE : Pantsirs , Buk M2 ’ s , Patriots .
So the tracking of the missile dictates its target !
thats why they are called BALLISTIC missiles and why they can be easily targeted !
They only go up and come down they DO NOT manoeuvre in flight , they merely follow a pre set trajectory !
Its pretty friggin simple to be honest !
in fact the trajectory is pretty much how these targets are shot down !
Everyone @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on this site and u have just proven it and so too have the morons who upvoted your comment and agreed !
Let me explain like youre 7 years old !
if i throw a rock at a yellow car , but there are 10 cars of different colours , how do you know i was trying to hit the yellow car ?
because the rock ( which can not deviate mid flight ) was heading exactly for it !
?
Then when the rock was on its way down to the yellow @ @ @ @ @ @ @ rock of your own !
And then some MORON comes along called “ Chris Chuba ” and says “ If the rock was intercepted then how do we know that the yellow car was being targeted ?
” Then u also have the fact of tracking !
its called radar !
then calculating its trajectory !
its called computers !
Then u have the location in which the missile was shot down !
its called the downwards trajectory in which the BALLISTIC missile was heading down ( from space or very high altitude @ @ @ @ @ @ @ !
The fact it was a BALLISTIC missile was enough to know how dumb u are !
Did it say “ cruise missile ” ?
Did it say “ hypersonic gliding missile ” ?
NO !
Why are u on this website when u dont have BASIC understanding of weapons systems ?
Why are dumb people up voting u ?
No wonder i left this site 2 years a go !
i only have to scroll down TO THE FIRST COMMENT to see how dumb people are !

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The Saudi military announced on June 13 that its air-defense forces had intercepted a “ballistic missile” over the Kingdom’s southern province of Najran.
Col. Turki al-Maliki, a spokesman for the coalition, said that the missile was launched by the Houthis from the northern Yemeni province of Saada, a stronghold of the group.
“The militias [Houthis] have deliberately attempted to target civilian infrastructure and civilians in Najran, as a result, some civilians were lightly wounded by shrapnel from the missile,” the spokesman said, stressing that the missile was “intercepted and destroyed.”
The spokesman also claimed that the Houthis recently made several attempts to target Saudi Arabia’s southern region. A number of drones allegedly targeted Najran and the city of Khamis Mushait on May 27 and June 1.
The Houthis have not commented to the Saudi-led coalition’s claims,. The Yemen group does not announce 100% of its attacks.
In the last few months, the Houthis decreased their missile and drone attacks on Saudi Arabia. The step was meant to facilitate a ceasefire in Yemen. However, the continued airstrikes by the Saudi-led coalition may have pushed the group to step up these attacks once again.
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southfront--2020-06-14--Russian Forces To Establish Forward Position Near Turkish-Occupied Ras Al-Ayn In Northeast Syria

On June 13 , a unit of the Russian Military Police scouted the frontline separating Kurdish forces from the Turkish-occupied town of Ras al-Ayn , according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights ( SOHR ) .
The UK-based monitoring group added that the unit inspected an area west of Asadiyah , where a new Russian position will be established soon .
“ The Russian patrol aims to explore the region and clear mines , in preparation for the establishment of an advanced military position near the frontline between the influence areas of Turkish forces and the factions loyal to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Syrian Democratic Forces [ SDF ] on the other , ” the SOHR ’ s report reads .
This was reportedly the first time ever Russian forces reach this highly-sensitive area around Ras al-Ayn on the Turkish border .
The Russian Military Police established a number of new positions in northern al-Hasakah Syria in the last few months .
A position was established near the village of Qasr Deep , which ’ s located in the countryside of the town of al-Malikiyah , ten days ago .
These new positons are likely @ @ @ @ @ @ @ northeast Syria that was reached last year .
Under the agreement , SDF units should be pushed around 30 km away from Turkey ’ s border .
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On June 13, a unit of the Russian Military Police scouted the frontline separating Kurdish forces from the Turkish-occupied town of Ras al-Ayn, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR).
The UK-based monitoring group added that the unit inspected an area west of Asadiyah, where a new Russian position will be established soon.
“The Russian patrol aims to explore the region and clear mines, in preparation for the establishment of an advanced military position near the frontline between the influence areas of Turkish forces and the factions loyal to them on the one hand, and the Syrian Democratic Forces [SDF] on the other,” the SOHR’s report reads.
This was reportedly the first time ever Russian forces reach this highly-sensitive area around Ras al-Ayn on the Turkish border.
The Russian Military Police established a number of new positions in northern al-Hasakah Syria in the last few months. A position was established near the village of Qasr Deep, which’s located in the countryside of the town of al-Malikiyah, ten days ago.
These new positons are likely meant to implement the Russian-Turkish agreement on northeast Syria that was reached last year. Under the agreement, SDF units should be pushed around 30 km away from Turkey’s border.
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southfront--2020-06-14--Tough Time Inspires Turkey To Absorb Northwestern Syria

Turkish authorities continue cash transfer to banks in opposition-controlled areas in northern Syria .
Due to the sharp fall in the Syrian pound , the so-called ” Syrian interim government “ recently formally approved the Turkish lira and the US dollar for circulation in its areas in an effort to stabilize the local economy .
Banks in Azaz and Idlib were the first to receive new banknotes .
Also areas of Aleppo , Afrin , Jarablus witness large quantities of Lira circulating in towns .
The structures controlled by Hayat Tahrir Al-sham ( the so-called “ The Government of National @ @ @ @ @ @ @ They have bought the Turkish currency in exchange for the US dollar with value different from the international exchange rate .
On June 11 , General Finance Director of the Government of National Salvation announced that all ‘ public sector employees ’ will receive salaries in Turkish lira .
The Turkish opposition has expressed its concerns about this step .
According to some experts , an increase in the money supply at the expense of Syria will create a substantial strain on economy .
The Turkish lira itself is also not stable – @ @ @ @ @ @ @ depreciated by 13.5 % in the past year alone .
This is due to both global trends and the aggravation of relations between Ankara and Washington .
Turkey ’ s financial system is heavily influenced by the US .
Washington understands this well and uses its tools smartly .
Very sensitive sanctions strikes were delivered on Ankara by US for the operation in Northern Syria ( later canceled ) and the purchasing Russia ’ s S-400 air defence systems .
The direct and rapid dependence of Turkish economy from its foreign policy is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ has a role of a disposal variable .
Since Turkey began providing active assistance to anti-government groups in 2011 the lira has fallen by 78 % .
Turkey ’ s GDP fell from $ 950.5 billion in 2014 to $ 740 billion in 2019 .
Taking into account Turkey ’ s actions in Libya , it is hardly predictable when the economy will be able to return to the previous indicators .
As for the Syrian pound , there are also no prerequisites for its strengthening .
As the consequence of pending US @ @ @ @ @ @ @ dollar crashed to 3 000 that is six times less then pre-war level .
The switch to the Turkish lira put additional pressure on its value .
Syria ’ s allies have still no desire ( or ability ) to support its currency and it continues its way to complete depreciation .
Deteriorating living conditions already caused anti-Assad government protests in the government-held territories such as the areas of Latakia , Suweida and Damas .
In the current situation , the only good advice for Bashar al-Assad is to switch to another currency @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Russian Ruble or Chinese Yuan , since the Iranian Rial is also passing through hard times .
The roll-out of the Turkish lira is a very important mean of influence in northern Syria which already contains Turkey-held institutions , including the large military presence .
Today the talks are underway to switch the areas controlled by Hayyaat Tahrir Al-Sham and other affiliates exclusively to the consumption of Turkish electricity .
All this steps fit well into the strategy of Ankara to create a quasi-state under its control on the territory of Northern Syria @ @ @ @ @ @ @ economic collapses accelerate the financial transition .
The current situation in Syria compounded by Western sanctions and a coronavirus lockdown offer an opportunity to the Turkish-backed forces to fill the country with the Turkish lira and to multiply their influence .
There is a good chance that Turkish actions in northwestern Syria were approved by Russia .
Recently , there were several signals indicating that Russia and Turkey settle their differences on key topics of the global agenda .
The approach implemented by Turkey is not a novation .
The very similar one @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The 26th of May the Russian ruble was established as the main currency in the self-proclaimed Donetsk People ’ s Republic .
The reason for the reform is called “ harmonization of its legislation with the legislation of the Russian Federation ” .
The switching to the ruble last already for years and was due to the deficit of the Ukrainian hryvna because of the financial blockade on territories not controlled by Kiev .
The weakening of economic ties with the rest of Ukraine , the lack of receipts for budget payments @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to the formation of a “ vacuum ” of means of payment in uncontrolled territories .
Filling this vacuum with another currency has become necessary .
It was a financial and economic pattern as well as an important politically determined process .
MORE ON THE TOPIC : • Caliphate In Miniature : Rift Between Turkey And Al-Qaeda In Idlib

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Turkish authorities continue cash transfer to banks in opposition-controlled areas in northern Syria. Due to the sharp fall in the Syrian pound, the so-called ”Syrian interim government “recently formally approved the Turkish lira and the US dollar for circulation in its areas in an effort to stabilize the local economy. Banks in Azaz and Idlib were the first to receive new banknotes. Also areas of Aleppo, Afrin, Jarablus witness large quantities of Lira circulating in towns. The structures controlled by Hayat Tahrir Al-sham (the so-called “The Government of National Salvation”) supported this initiative. They have bought the Turkish currency in exchange for the US dollar with value different from the international exchange rate.
On June 11, General Finance Director of the Government of National Salvation announced that all ‘public sector employees’ will receive salaries in Turkish lira.
“Due to the continues collapse of the Syrian pound, and in response to the request of employees, who don’t want to get paid in Syrian pound, the government has started to pay salaries in Turkish lira.. this widely welcomed by the employees,” al-Ibrahim said.
The Salvation Government established by Hayat Tahrir a-Sham, governing Idlib, will begin paying salaries to its employees in Turkish lira. pic.twitter.com/HTyaxRcfMF — Elizabeth Tsurkov (@Elizrael) June 11, 2020
The Turkish opposition has expressed its concerns about this step. According to some experts, an increase in the money supply at the expense of Syria will create a substantial strain on economy. The Turkish lira itself is also not stable – against the US dollar, it has depreciated by 13.5% in the past year alone. This is due to both global trends and the aggravation of relations between Ankara and Washington. Turkey’s financial system is heavily influenced by the US. Washington understands this well and uses its tools smartly. Very sensitive sanctions strikes were delivered on Ankara by US for the operation in Northern Syria (later canceled) and the purchasing Russia’s S-400 air defence systems.
The direct and rapid dependence of Turkish economy from its foreign policy is conditioned by current geopolitical equation where Turkey has a role of a disposal variable. Since Turkey began providing active assistance to anti-government groups in 2011 the lira has fallen by 78%. Turkey’s GDP fell from $950.5 billion in 2014 to $ 740 billion in 2019. Taking into account Turkey’s actions in Libya, it is hardly predictable when the economy will be able to return to the previous indicators.
As for the Syrian pound, there are also no prerequisites for its strengthening. As the consequence of pending US sanctions its exchange rate to the US dollar crashed to 3 000 that is six times less then pre-war level. The switch to the Turkish lira put additional pressure on its value. Syria’s allies have still no desire (or ability) to support its currency and it continues its way to complete depreciation. Deteriorating living conditions already caused anti-Assad government protests in the government-held territories such as the areas of Latakia, Suweida and Damas.
In the current situation, the only good advice for Bashar al-Assad is to switch to another currency too. The best options are the Russian Ruble or Chinese Yuan, since the Iranian Rial is also passing through hard times.
The roll-out of the Turkish lira is a very important mean of influence in northern Syria which already contains Turkey-held institutions, including the large military presence. Today the talks are underway to switch the areas controlled by Hayyaat Tahrir Al-Sham and other affiliates exclusively to the consumption of Turkish electricity. All this steps fit well into the strategy of Ankara to create a quasi-state under its control on the territory of Northern Syria with its further possible annexation. The economic collapses accelerate the financial transition. The current situation in Syria compounded by Western sanctions and a coronavirus lockdown offer an opportunity to the Turkish-backed forces to fill the country with the Turkish lira and to multiply their influence. There is a good chance that Turkish actions in northwestern Syria were approved by Russia. Recently, there were several signals indicating that Russia and Turkey settle their differences on key topics of the global agenda.
Jarabulus Chamber of Commerce in Syria recommended the usage of Turkish Lira in the market instead of the Syrian Pound. Well it seems like the Turks followed your advice @masss11 https://t.co/YtQ2pmw95Q pic.twitter.com/Qg9mUzYADT — تبع الExcel (@OmarTamo19) June 8, 2020
The approach implemented by Turkey is not a novation. The very similar one was applied on the East of Ukraine. The 26th of May the Russian ruble was established as the main currency in the self-proclaimed Donetsk People’s Republic. The reason for the reform is called “harmonization of its legislation with the legislation of the Russian Federation”. The switching to the ruble last already for years and was due to the deficit of the Ukrainian hryvna because of the financial blockade on territories not controlled by Kiev. The weakening of economic ties with the rest of Ukraine, the lack of receipts for budget payments, the cessation of Ukrainian banks led to the formation of a “vacuum” of means of payment in uncontrolled territories. Filling this vacuum with another currency has become necessary. It was a financial and economic pattern as well as an important politically determined process.
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southfront--2020-06-14--New Daraa Explosion Claims Lives Of Three Ex-Rebels

On June 13 afternoon , an explosion rocked the southern part of Daraa city , commonly known as Daraa al-Balad , in Syria ’ s southern region .
Local sources said the explosion was caused by a heavy improvised explosive device ( IED ) , which was planted near al-Balad ’ s Boys School .
Three men were killed in the explosion , according the sources .
The casualties were identified as Issa Mustafa al-Akrad , Iyad Ayman al-Hammadi and Nour Al-Din Ayman al-Hammadi .
The men were attempting to dismantle the IED when it blew up killing them .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ former fighters of the Free Syrian Army .
In mid-2018 , they joined the reconciliation process and returned to civilian life .
Two days ago , a similar IED attack targeted a civilian car in the eastern countryside of Daraa .
Three people , including a woman and her daughter , were injured in the explosion .
No group has claimed responsibility for the recent attacks , yet .
However , ISIS remains the main suspect .
The terrorist group ’ s cells in Daraa became very active in the last few months @ @ @ @ @ @ @ fighters are working to address this threat .
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On June 13 afternoon, an explosion rocked the southern part of Daraa city, commonly known as Daraa al-Balad, in Syria’s southern region.
Local sources said the explosion was caused by a heavy improvised explosive device (IED), which was planted near al-Balad’s Boys School. Three men were killed in the explosion, according the sources.
The casualties were identified as Issa Mustafa al-Akrad, Iyad Ayman al-Hammadi and Nour Al-Din Ayman al-Hammadi. The men were attempting to dismantle the IED when it blew up killing them.
Isaa, Iyad and Nour were reportedly former fighters of the Free Syrian Army. In mid-2018, they joined the reconciliation process and returned to civilian life.
Two days ago, a similar IED attack targeted a civilian car in the eastern countryside of Daraa. Three people, including a woman and her daughter, were injured in the explosion.
No group has claimed responsibility for the recent attacks, yet. However, ISIS remains the main suspect. The terrorist group’s cells in Daraa became very active in the last few months. The Syrian Arab Army and local fighters are working to address this threat.
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southfront--2020-06-14--Turkish Military Establishes Another Post In Southern Greater Idlib

On June 13 , Turkish forces established yet another military post in the southern part of the Syrian region of @ @ @ @ @ Enab Baladi , the new post was established near the town of Farkia , which @ @ @ @ @ part of the al-Zawiya Mount .
The pro-opposition outlet said Turkish troops were deployed in @ @ @ @ @ the post was being established .
Two days ago , a similar post was established @ @ @ @ @ in the same region .
Last week , four posts were established in the towns @ @ @ @ @ , Urum al-Jawz and Mareian .
The Turkish military buildup in the al-Zawia Mount comes @ @ @ @ @ Syrian Arab Army and its allies are preparing to launch a large military operation in @ @ @ @ @ military operation in Greater Idlib will likely lead to a serious military confrontation with Turkish @ @ @ @ @ preparing for this scenario by establishing more posts and deploying additional reinforcements in the region @ @ @ @ @ :

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On June 13, Turkish forces established yet another military post in the southern part of the Syrian region of Greater Idlib.
According to Enab Baladi, the new post was established near the town of Farkia, which is located in the eastern part of the al-Zawiya Mount. The pro-opposition outlet said Turkish troops were deployed in the town of Arihah while the post was being established.
Two days ago, a similar post was established near the town of Monataf in the same region. Last week, four posts were established in the towns of Bsanqul, Kafer Shalaya, Urum al-Jawz and Mareian.
The Turkish military buildup in the al-Zawia Mount comes amid reports claiming that the Syrian Arab Army and its allies are preparing to launch a large military operation in the region.
Any new military operation in Greater Idlib will likely lead to a serious military confrontation with Turkish forces. Ankara is clearly preparing for this scenario by establishing more posts and deploying additional reinforcements in the region.
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southfront--2020-06-14--Fire Breaks Out On Board Of French Navy Nuclear Submarine (Video)

On June 12 , fire broke out onboard a French Navy nuclear submarine docked at the Mediterranean port of Toulon @ @ @ @ @ 14 hours .
According to French aurthorities , nobody was hurt and no nuclear materials @ @ @ @ @ the vessel , the Perle , which was in dry dock for repairs .
Toulon @ @ @ @ @ base and is home to most of its fleet , including the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier @ @ @ @ @ submarines and other warships .
The Ruby-class nuclear submarine Perle was launched in 1990 and @ @ @ @ @ .
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On June 12, fire broke out onboard a French Navy nuclear submarine docked at the Mediterranean port of Toulon and was raging for about 14 hours.
According to French aurthorities, nobody was hurt and no nuclear materials or weapons were on board the vessel, the Perle, which was in dry dock for repairs.
Toulon is the French biggest naval base and is home to most of its fleet, including the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle, nuclear submarines and other warships. The Ruby-class nuclear submarine Perle was launched in 1990 and started active service in 1993.
[#InterventionSNAToulon] Suite remplissage des fonds en tranche avant SNA Perle par de la mousse, et intervention équipes de marins-pompiers, le feu est maîtrisé.
Recherche éventuels d'autres foyers se poursuit, compartiments de propulsion n'ont pas été touchés. pic.twitter.com/BKpRk7Vw2m — Préfecture maritime de la Méditerranée (@Premarmed) June 12, 2020
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