renegadetribune--2020-01-20--Wrestling in English History

Wrestling in English History

by Joseph Strutt From Sports and Pastimes of the People of England [ 2nd ed.
, 1903 ] The art of wrestling , which in the present day is chiefly confined to the lower classes of the people , was , however , highly esteemed by the ancients , and made a very considerable figure among the Olympic games .
In the ages of chivalry , to wrestle well was accounted one of the accomplishments which a hero ought to possess .
Wrestling is a kind of exercise that , from its nature , is likely to have been practised @ @ @ @ @ @ @ those the least civilised .
It was probably well known in this country long before the introduction of foreign manners .
The inhabitants of Cornwall and Devon have , we are well assured , from time immemorial , been celebrated for their expertness in this pastime , and are universally said to be the best wrestlers in the kingdom .
To give a Cornish hug is a proverbial expression .
The Cornish , says Fuller , are masters of the art of wrestling , so that if the Olympian games were now in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the victory .
Their hug is a cunning close with their fellow-combatants , the fruits whereof is his fair fall or foil at the least .
They learned the art at an early period of life , for you shall hardly find , says Carew , an assembly of boys in Devon and Cornwall , where the most untowardly among them will not as readily give you a muster ( or trial ) of this exercise as you are prone to require it .
* The entirely different systems of wrestling developed in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ slight but genuine proof of the great variety of nationalities and tribes that were involved in the making of England .
Owing to difficulties of locomotion , these different methods held their own in their respective districts until comparatively modern days .
The styles of Cornwall and Devon are usually reckoned together , though they differed in at least one important particular , namely , that the latter sanctioned kicking and tripping , whilst the former confined themselves almost entirely to hugging .
The style of Cumberland and Westmoreland was the next most @ @ @ @ @ @ @ more general practice of “ loose ” wrestling , in which Norfolk and Bedfordshire were for a long time pre-eminent ; this style differed much in different localities .
The citizens of London , in times past , were expert in the art of wrestling , and annually upon St James ’ s day they were accustomed to make a public trial of their skill .
In the sixth year of Henry III .
they held their anniversary meeting for this purpose near the hospital of St Matilda , at St Giles ’ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the inhabitants of the city and suburbs of Westminster , and a ram was appointed for the prize ; the Londoners were victorious , having greatly excelled their antagonists , which produced a challenge from the conquered party , to renew the contest upon the Lammas day following at Westminster : the citizens of London readily consented , and met them accordingly , but in the midst of the diversion , the bailiff of Westminster and his associates took occasion to quarrel with the Londoners , a battle ensued , and many of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ their retreat to the city .
This unjustifiable petulance of the bailiff gave rise to a more serious tumult , and it was several days before the peace could be restored .
Stow informs us , that in the thirty-first year of Henry VI .
A.D. 1453 , at a wrestling match near Clerkenwell , another tumult was excited against the lord mayor , but he does not say upon what occasion it arose .
In the old time , says Stow , wrestling was more used than it has been of later @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , about the feast of St Bartholomew , adds this very accurate historian , there were divers days spent in wrestling ; the lord mayor , aldermen , and sheriffs , being present in a large tent pitched for that purpose near Clerkenwell ; upon this occasion the officers of the city , namely , the sheriffs , serjeants , and yeomen , the porters of the king ’ s beam or weighing-house , and others of the city , gave a general challenge to such of the inhabitants of the suburbs as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ but of late years , continues he , the wrestling is only practised on the afternoon of St Bartholomew ’ s day .
4 The latter ceremony is thus described by a foreign writer , who was an eye-witness to the performance : “ When , ” says he , “ the mayor goes out of the precincts of the city , a sceptre , a sword , and a cap , are borne before him , and he is followed by the principal aldermen in scarlet gowns with golden chains ; himself @ @ @ @ @ @ @ arrival at a place appointed for that purpose , where a tent is pitched for their reception , the mob begin to wrestle before them two at a time.
” He adds a circumstance not recorded by the historian : “ After this is over , a parcel of live rabbits are turned loose among the crowd , which are pursued by a number of boys , who endeavour to catch them with all the noise they can make.
” PRIZES FOR WRESTLING.–The reward proposed for the best wrestlers in the contest between @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , as mentioned above , was a ram .
Anciently this animal was the prize most usually given upon such occasions , and therefore in the rhyme of sir Thopas , Chaucer says of the Knight , And again , in his character of the miller , Other rewards , no doubt , were sometimes proposed , as we may see upon the eighth plate , where two men are wrestling for a cock : the original drawing , from a manuscript in the Royal Library , is certainly more ancient than the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ an example of “ loose ” wrestling , when the hob was got with the open hand , grasping either the body or tunic of the opponent or , as in this case , of a sort of scarf put on for the purpose .
In later times the prizes were not only much varied , but were occasionally of higher value .
If we may believe the author of the old poem , entitled “ A mery Geste of Robyn Hode , ” there were several prizes put up at once .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ who was going to Robin Hood , says , A humorous description is given in one of the Spectators of a country wake : the author there mentions “ a ring of wrestlers ; the squire , ” says he “ of the parish always treats the whole company , every year , with a hogshead of ale , and proposes a beaver hat , as a recompence to him who gives the most falls.
” WRESTLING , HOW PERFORMED.–The manner in which this pastime was exhibited in the western parts of England @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , it thus described by Carew , an author then living .
“ The beholders then cast , of form themselves into a ring , in the empty space whereof the two champion step forth , stripped into their dublets and hosen , and untrussed , that they may so the better command the use of their lymmes ; and first shaking hands , it token of friendship , they fall presently to the effect of anger ; for each striveth how to take hold of the other with his best advantage , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ; wherein , whosoever overthroweth his mate , in such sort , as that either his backe , or the one shoulder , and contrary heele do touch the ground is accounted to give the fall .
If he be only endangered , and makes a narrow escape , it is called a foyle.
” He then adds , “ This pastime also hath his laws , for instance ; of taking hold above the girdle–wearing a girdle to take hold by–playing three pull ; for trial of the mastery , the fall @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with the taker , but bound to answer his successor .
Silver prizes , for this and other activities , were wont to be carried about , by certain circumferanci , or set up at bride ales ; but time , or their abuse , ” perhaps I might add both , “ hath now worn them out of use.
” * SIR THOMAS PARKYNS.–Towards the end of the seventeenth century wrestling was much declining in importance and respectability ; but it received a considerable impetus from the strenuous support of a Nottingham-shire @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Thomas Parkyns , Bart.
, of Bunny Park , Nottingham , was the author of a curious work entitled , “ The Inn-Play , or the Cornish-Hugg Wrestler .
Digested in a Method which teacheth to break all Holds , and throw most Falls Mathematically .
Easie to be understood by all Gentlemen , etc.
, and of great Use to such who understand the Small Sword in Fencing .
And by all Tradesmen and Handicrafts that have competent knowledge of the Use of the Stilliards , Bor , Crove-Iron , or Lever @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Baits.
” A corrected second edition , from which this title is taken , was issued in 1714 .
Sir Thomas begins his “ prefatory introduction ” with an epigram from Martial , which gives him occasion to speak of his classical education under the famed Dr Busby , of Westminster School , where he learnt that wrestling was one of the five great Olympian sports .
When he went to Trinity College , Cambridge , he noted , as a spectator of wrestling contests , the vast difference between “ the Norfolk @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and that the latter could throw the other when they pleased .
The use and application of mathematics he learnt when an undergraduate , from his tutor Dr Bathurst , but more especially from Sir Isaac Newton , who , seeing his inclination , invited him to his public lectures , “ though I was Fellow Commoner , and seldom if ever any such were called to them.
” From Cambridge Sir Thomas proceeded to Gray ’ s Inn , and there learnt fencing and vaulting , and also wrestling from Mr Cornish @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Master.
” He committed to writing the great variety of holds that he was taught .
Out-Play wrestling is compared to French Fencing , and is the prettier to look at , but “ Inn-Play soon decidethe who is the better gamester by an indisputable fall.
” “ If wrestling , ” says Sir Thomas , “ was more practic ’ d by Gentlemen , few or none would be killed by the sword in rencounters , but a severe fall or two , a black face or the like , would allay @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , nay perhaps till quite forgotten.
” He backs up his preference for Cornish wrestling by the quaint suggestion that it commended itself to the other sex .
“ For the most part our country rings for wrestlings , at wakes and other festivals , consist of a small party of young women , who come not thither to choose a coward , but the daring , healthy and robust persons .
.
.
.
I ne ’ er could hear that the women approved of the Norfolk Out-Play , the rending and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of shins , and rendering them so tender they could not endure to be rub ’ d , but that their inclinations were the strongest for the Bedfordshire Inn-Play , and for such as approve themselves to be good on the Cornish Close Hugg.
” * This enthusiastic champion of wrestling established annual matches in his own park , the prize being a hat of the value of twenty-two shillings .
These were continued for more than half a century after his death ; they were finally abandoned about 1810 .
It is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a day ’ s illness until the time of his death , which occurred on March 29th , 1741 .
In addition to being a skilled athlete , Sir Thomas was of much repute as a man of probity and learning , and was on the commission of the peace for the counties of Nottingham and Leicester .
He had his monument erected in the chancel of Bunny church in his lifetime , whereon his fame as a wrestler is set forth , and his effigy rudely carved , with arms extended , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ * During the nineteenth century wrestling revived from time to time , but the rowdyism and roguery , so often associated with the matches , have for the most part kept this sport in deserved disrepute .
HIPPAS.–The Greeks had a pastime called Hippas , which , we are told , was one person riding upon the shoulders of another , as upon a horse ; 2 a sport of this kind was in practice with us at the commencement of the fourteenth century , but generally performed by two competitors who struggled @ @ @ @ @ @ @ who pulled his opponent from the shoulders of his carrier was the victor .
The representations of this curious pastime on plate seven are taken from different manuscripts ; one in the Royal Library , 3 and the other in the Bodleian Library at Oxford , dated 1344 .
This seems to bear more analogy to wrestling than to any other sport , for which reason I have given it a place in the present chapter .

by Joseph Strutt
From Sports and Pastimes of the People of England [2nd ed., 1903]
The art of wrestling, which in the present day is chiefly confined to the lower classes of the people, was, however, highly esteemed by the ancients, and made a very considerable figure among the Olympic games. In the ages of chivalry, to wrestle well was accounted one of the accomplishments which a hero ought to possess.
Wrestling is a kind of exercise that, from its nature, is likely to have been practised by every nation, and especially by those the least civilised. It was probably well known in this country long before the introduction of foreign manners. The inhabitants of Cornwall and Devon have, we are well assured, from time immemorial, been celebrated for their expertness in this pastime, and are universally said to be the best wrestlers in the kingdom. To give a Cornish hug is a proverbial expression. The Cornish, says Fuller, are masters of the art of wrestling, so that if the Olympian games were now in fashion, they would come away with the victory. Their hug is a cunning close with their fellow-combatants, the fruits whereof is his fair fall or foil at the least. They learned the art at an early period of life, for you shall hardly find, says Carew, an assembly of boys in Devon and Cornwall, where the most untowardly among them will not as readily give you a muster (or trial) of this exercise as you are prone to require it.
* The entirely different systems of wrestling developed in different parts of the kingdom is a slight but genuine proof of the great variety of nationalities and tribes that were involved in the making of England. Owing to difficulties of locomotion, these different methods held their own in their respective districts until comparatively modern days. The styles of Cornwall and Devon are usually reckoned together, though they differed in at least one important particular, namely, that the latter sanctioned kicking and tripping, whilst the former confined themselves almost entirely to hugging. The style of Cumberland and Westmoreland was the next most famous. Thirdly, there was the more general practice of “loose” wrestling, in which Norfolk and Bedfordshire were for a long time pre-eminent; this style differed much in different localities.
The citizens of London, in times past, were expert in the art of wrestling, and annually upon St James’s day they were accustomed to make a public trial of their skill. In the sixth year of Henry III. they held their anniversary meeting for this purpose near the hospital of St Matilda, at St Giles’s-in-the-Fields, where they were met by the inhabitants of the city and suburbs of Westminster, and a ram was appointed for the prize; the Londoners were victorious, having greatly excelled their antagonists, which produced a challenge from the conquered party, to renew the contest upon the Lammas day following at Westminster: the citizens of London readily consented, and met them accordingly, but in the midst of the diversion, the bailiff of Westminster and his associates took occasion to quarrel with the Londoners, a battle ensued, and many of the latter were severely wounded in making their retreat to the city. This unjustifiable petulance of the bailiff gave rise to a more serious tumult, and it was several days before the peace could be restored. Stow informs us, that in the thirty-first year of Henry VI. A.D. 1453, at a wrestling match near Clerkenwell, another tumult was excited against the lord mayor, but he does not say upon what occasion it arose.
In the old time, says Stow, wrestling was more used than it has been of later years. In the month of August, about the feast of St Bartholomew, adds this very accurate historian, there were divers days spent in wrestling; the lord mayor, aldermen, and sheriffs, being present in a large tent pitched for that purpose near Clerkenwell; upon this occasion the officers of the city, namely, the sheriffs, serjeants, and yeomen, the porters of the king’s beam or weighing-house, and others of the city, gave a general challenge to such of the inhabitants of the suburbs as thought themselves expert in this exercise; but of late years, continues he, the wrestling is only practised on the afternoon of St Bartholomew’s day. 4 The latter ceremony is thus described by a foreign writer, who was an eye-witness to the performance: “When,” says he, “the mayor goes out of the precincts of the city, a sceptre, a sword, and a cap, are borne before him, and he is followed by the principal aldermen in scarlet gowns with golden chains; himself and they on horseback. Upon their arrival at a place appointed for that purpose, where a tent is pitched for their reception, the mob begin to wrestle before them two at a time.” He adds a circumstance not recorded by the historian: “After this is over, a parcel of live rabbits are turned loose among the crowd, which are pursued by a number of boys, who endeavour to catch them with all the noise they can make.”
PRIZES FOR WRESTLING.–The reward proposed for the best wrestlers in the contest between the Londoners and the inhabitants of Westminster, as mentioned above, was a ram. Anciently this animal was the prize most usually given upon such occasions, and therefore in the rhyme of sir Thopas, Chaucer says of the Knight,
Of wrastling was there none his pere,
Where any Ram shulde stonde.
And again, in his character of the miller,
———-for over al ther he cam,
At wrastlyng he wolde have away the Ram.
Other rewards, no doubt, were sometimes proposed, as we may see upon the eighth plate, where two men are wrestling for a cock: the original drawing, from a manuscript in the Royal Library, 7 is certainly more ancient than the time of Chaucer. This is clearly an example of “loose” wrestling, when the hob was got with the open hand, grasping either the body or tunic of the opponent or, as in this case, of a sort of scarf put on for the purpose.
In later times the prizes were not only much varied, but were occasionally of higher value. If we may believe the author of the old poem, entitled “A mery Geste of Robyn Hode,” there were several prizes put up at once. The poet, speaking of a knight who was going to Robin Hood, says,
——Unto Bernisdale,
As he went, by a bridge was a wrastling,
And there taryed was he,
And there was all the best yemen,
Of all the west countrey.
A full fayre game there was set up;
A white bull, up ypyght;
A great courser with sadle and brydle,
With gold burnished full bryght:
A payre of gloves, a red gold ringe,
A pipe of wine, good faye:
What man bereth him best, ywis,
The prize shall bear away.
A humorous description is given in one of the Spectators of a country wake: the author there mentions “a ring of wrestlers; the squire,” says he “of the parish always treats the whole company, every year, with a hogshead of ale, and proposes a beaver hat, as a recompence to him who gives the most falls.”
WRESTLING, HOW PERFORMED.–The manner in which this pastime was exhibited in the western parts of England, at the distance of two centuries, it thus described by Carew, an author then living. “The beholders then cast, of form themselves into a ring, in the empty space whereof the two champion step forth, stripped into their dublets and hosen, and untrussed, that they may so the better command the use of their lymmes; and first shaking hands, it token of friendship, they fall presently to the effect of anger; for each striveth how to take hold of the other with his best advantage, and to bear his adverse party downe; wherein, whosoever overthroweth his mate, in such sort, as that either his backe, or the one shoulder, and contrary heele do touch the ground is accounted to give the fall. If he be only endangered, and makes a narrow escape, it is called a foyle.”
He then adds, “This pastime also hath his laws, for instance; of taking hold above the girdle–wearing a girdle to take hold by–playing three pull; for trial of the mastery, the fall giver to be exempted from playing again with the taker, but bound to answer his successor. Silver prizes, for this and other activities, were wont to be carried about, by certain circumferanci, or set up at bride ales; but time, or their abuse,” perhaps I might add both, “hath now worn them out of use.”
* SIR THOMAS PARKYNS.–Towards the end of the seventeenth century wrestling was much declining in importance and respectability; but it received a considerable impetus from the strenuous support of a Nottingham-shire squire of education and position. Sir Thomas Parkyns, Bart., of Bunny Park, Nottingham, was the author of a curious work entitled, “The Inn-Play, or the Cornish-Hugg Wrestler. Digested in a Method which teacheth to break all Holds, and throw most Falls Mathematically. Easie to be understood by all Gentlemen, etc., and of great Use to such who understand the Small Sword in Fencing. And by all Tradesmen and Handicrafts that have competent knowledge of the Use of the Stilliards, Bor, Crove-Iron, or Lever, with their Hypomochlions, Fulcimen or Baits.” A corrected second edition, from which this title is taken, was issued in 1714. Sir Thomas begins his “prefatory introduction” with an epigram from Martial, which gives him occasion to speak of his classical education under the famed Dr Busby, of Westminster School, where he learnt that wrestling was one of the five great Olympian sports. When he went to Trinity College, Cambridge, he noted, as a spectator of wrestling contests, the vast difference between “the Norfolk Out-Players and the Cornish Huggers,” and that the latter could throw the other when they pleased. The use and application of mathematics he learnt when an undergraduate, from his tutor Dr Bathurst, but more especially from Sir Isaac Newton, who, seeing his inclination, invited him to his public lectures, “though I was Fellow Commoner, and seldom if ever any such were called to them.” From Cambridge Sir Thomas proceeded to Gray’s Inn, and there learnt fencing and vaulting, and also wrestling from Mr Cornish, who was his “Inn-Play Wrestling Master.” He committed to writing the great variety of holds that he was taught. Out-Play wrestling is compared to French Fencing, and is the prettier to look at, but “Inn-Play soon decidethe who is the better gamester by an indisputable fall.” “If wrestling,” says Sir Thomas, “was more practic’d by Gentlemen, few or none would be killed by the sword in rencounters, but a severe fall or two, a black face or the like, would allay their fury and heat for that time, nay perhaps till quite forgotten.” He backs up his preference for Cornish wrestling by the quaint suggestion that it commended itself to the other sex. “For the most part our country rings for wrestlings, at wakes and other festivals, consist of a small party of young women, who come not thither to choose a coward, but the daring, healthy and robust persons. . . . I ne’er could hear that the women approved of the Norfolk Out-Play, the rending and tearing of waistcoats, kicking and breaking of shins, and rendering them so tender they could not endure to be rub’d, but that their inclinations were the strongest for the Bedfordshire Inn-Play, and for such as approve themselves to be good on the Cornish Close Hugg.”
* This enthusiastic champion of wrestling established annual matches in his own park, the prize being a hat of the value of twenty-two shillings. These were continued for more than half a century after his death; they were finally abandoned about 1810. It is recorded of him that he never knew a day’s illness until the time of his death, which occurred on March 29th, 1741. In addition to being a skilled athlete, Sir Thomas was of much repute as a man of probity and learning, and was on the commission of the peace for the counties of Nottingham and Leicester. He had his monument erected in the chancel of Bunny church in his lifetime, whereon his fame as a wrestler is set forth, and his effigy rudely carved, with arms extended, in the first position of Cornish-hug.
* During the nineteenth century wrestling revived from time to time, but the rowdyism and roguery, so often associated with the matches, have for the most part kept this sport in deserved disrepute.
HIPPAS.–The Greeks had a pastime called Hippas, which, we are told, was one person riding upon the shoulders of another, as upon a horse; 2 a sport of this kind was in practice with us at the commencement of the fourteenth century, but generally performed by two competitors who struggled one with the other, and he who pulled his opponent from the shoulders of his carrier was the victor.
The representations of this curious pastime on plate seven are taken from different manuscripts; one in the Royal Library, 3 and the other in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, dated 1344.
This seems to bear more analogy to wrestling than to any other sport, for which reason I have given it a place in the present chapter.
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The Glass Harp

A glass harp ( also called musical glasses , singing glasses , angelic organ , verrillon or ghost fiddle ) @ @ @ @ @ of upright wine glasses .
It is played by running moistened or chalked fingers around @ @ @ @ @ .
Each glass is tuned to a different pitch , either by grinding each goblet @ @ @ @ @ in which case the tuning is invariable , or by filling the glass with water @ @ @ @ @ achieved .
[ … ] The glass harp was created in 1741 by Irishman Richard @ @ @ @ @ as the first virtuoso of the musical glasses .
Pockrich called his instrument the “ @ @ @ @ @ was played with sticks , rather than by rubbing the glasses with a moistened finger @

From Wikipedia:
A glass harp (also called musical glasses, singing glasses, angelic organ, verrillon or ghost fiddle) is a musical instrument made of upright wine glasses.
It is played by running moistened or chalked fingers around the rim of the glasses. Each glass is tuned to a different pitch, either by grinding each goblet to the specified pitch, in which case the tuning is invariable, or by filling the glass with water until the desired pitch is achieved. […]
The glass harp was created in 1741 by Irishman Richard Pockrich, who is known as the first virtuoso of the musical glasses. Pockrich called his instrument the “angelic organ” and it was played with sticks, rather than by rubbing the glasses with a moistened finger.
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Author: Thanks for being a reader of this site. Your contributions make this all possible. You can send support to: Kyle Hunt, PO Box 1052, Sorrento FL 32776. Bitcoin address: 1AfppjYZddJzc2C15PXKMsnyBPjPJQezwA . CashApp: Thanks for being a reader of this site. Your contributions make this all possible. You can send support to: Kyle Hunt, PO Box 1052, Sorrento FL 32776. Bitcoin address: 1AfppjYZddJzc2C15PXKMsnyBPjPJQezwA . CashApp: https://cash.app/$thekylehunt


renegadetribune--2020-01-20--Cherries: Nature’s Anti-inflammatory Sleep Aid

Several studies have now confirmed that cherries not only increase sleep duration and sleep quality , but they are anti-inflammatory .
The newest study comes from researchers at Spain ’ s University of Extremadura .
They tested 30 people – ten between 20 and 30 years old , ten between 35 and 55 years old and ten between 65 and 85 years old .
The researchers randomly divided the subjects into two groups .
They were given either a tart cherry juice drink or a placebo with cherry flavor twice a day .
Those who drank the cherry juice experienced @ @ @ @ @ @ @ sleep efficiency , awakenings , and total sleep time .
Moreover , the researchers found that the older group experienced better improvements in sleep quality that the younger groups .
Another study included scientists from the United States ( Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine ) , the UK ( Northumbria University and the University of Surrey ) and South Africa ( University of Johannesburg ) .
This study followed 20 healthy men and women with an average age of 27 years old .
Half of the group was randomly assigned to drink tart @ @ @ @ @ @ @ drank a placebo for seven days .
The juice concentrate was made from tart Montmorency cherries ( Prunus cerasus ) .
The results determined that the cherry group slept an average of 34 minutes more per night and had a 5-6 % increase in sleep efficiency .
Sleep efficiency is the time spent asleep as a proportion of time in bed .
They also found that the internal melatonin levels among the cherry group increased significantly , while the placebo group did not have any melatonin increase .
Within 48 hours of cherry @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cherry drinkers showed increased levels of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin – the primary melatonin metabolite .
The researchers also measured melatonin levels by studying the subjects ’ circadian rhythms .
Learn about over 200 natural remedies to get to sleep .
Earlier research confirmed that Montmorency cherries contain melatonin .
Research led by Dr. Russel Reiter from the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio , Texas determined that the tart cherries will contain up to contain up to 13.5 nanograms ( ng ) of melatonin per gram of cherries .
This is typically @ @ @ @ @ @ @ bloodstream .
Another study , this from Spain ’ s University of Extremadura , also found that sleep quality and duration increased among elderly adults who consumed Jerte Valley cherries – another variety of tart cherries .
While cherries significantly spike melatonin levels and increase sleep quality , research on supplemental synthetic melatonin or melatonin extracted from the pineal glands of cows has been conflicting .
These exogenous forms have been shown to improve sleep-phase disorders , but sleep quality results have been equivocal .
The difference may well lie in cherries ’ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ recent study stated : The newest research comes from the USDA ’ s Western Human Nutrition Research Center at the University of California at Davis .
This study tested 18 men and women between 45 and 61 years old .
They were given 280 grams per day of Bing sweet cherries for 28 days .
After 28 days , the subjects had significantly lower levels of several inflammatory factors .
Their CRP levels , ferritin levels plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( PAI-1 ) levels were all about 20 percent lower , while their endothelin-1 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ their epidermal growth factor was 13 percent lower .
Their IL-1 levels were 28 percent lower , and their advanced glycation end product receptor levels were 29 percent lower .
All of these reductions indicated reduced inflammation within the body .
This result is confirmed by research from Oregon Health & Science University .
This study utilized tart cherries .
The research was presented at the American College of Sports Medicine Conference ( ACSM ) in San Francisco , Calif .
In this study , 20 women between 40 and 70 years old @ @ @ @ @ @ @ results found that drinking tart cherry juice twice daily for three weeks led to significant reductions in inflammation markers .
The reductions were more significant among women with the highest inflammation levels at the beginning of the study .
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis .
Athletes can be at risk for developing osteoarthritis , and may benefit greatly from cherries .
In a previous study , Dr. Kuehl found that athletes who drank tart cherry juice during training reported significantly less pain after exercise than those who didn ’ t @ @ @ @ @ @ @ are called anthocyanins .
Their anti-inflammatory levels have been shown to be comparable to some well-known pain medications .
Research from Baylor Research Institute found that daily tart cherry extract reduced osteoarthritis pain by over 20 percent for a majority of those studied .
According to University of Pennsylvania Medical Center for Sports Medicine Director of Sports Nutrition Leslie Bonci , MPH , RD , CSSD , LDN , incorporating tart cherries into the training menu of professional athletes and active clients has helped manage pain : Whether the reduced inflammation is related @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in question .
Learn about other natural strategies to reduce inflammation and arthritis .
Jerte valley cherry product provides beneficial effects on sleep quality.Influence on aging .
J Nutr Health Aging .
2013 ; 17 ( 6 ) :553-60. doi : 10.1007/s12603-013-0029-4 .
Sleigh , AE , Kuehl KS , Elliot DL .
Efficacy of tart cherry juice to reduce inflammation among patients with osteoarthritis .
American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting .
May 30 , 2012 .
Kuehl KS , Perrier ET , Elliot DL , Chestnutt J. Efficacy of tart @ @ @ @ @ @ @ running : a randomized controlled trial .
J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010 ; 7:17-22 .
Seeram NP , Momin RA , Nair MG , Bourquin LD .
Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant cyanidin glycosides in cherries and berries .
Phytomedicine 2001 ; 8:362-369 .
Cush JJ .
Baylor Research Institute , pilot study on tart cherry and osteoarthritis of the knees , 2007.Kelley DS , Adkins Y , Reddy A , Woodhouse LR , Mackey BE , Erickson KL .
Sweet bing cherries lower circulating concentrations of markers for chronic inflammatory diseases in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Mar ; 143 ( 3 ) :340-4. doi : 10.3945/jn.112.171371 .
Howatson G , Bell PG , Tallent J , Middleton B , McHugh MP , Ellis J .
Effect of tart cherry juice ( Prunus cerasus ) on melatonin levels and enhanced sleep quality .
Eur J Nutr .
2012 Dec ; 51 ( 8 ) :909-16 .
Burkhardt S , Tan DX , Manchester LC , Hardeland R , Reiter RJ .
Detection and quantification of the antioxidant melatonin in Montmorency and Balaton tart cherries ( Prunus cerasus ) .
J @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 49 ( 10 ) :4898-902 .
Garrido M , Paredes SD , Cubero J , Lozano M , Toribio-Delgado AF , Muñoz JL , Reiter RJ , Barriga C , Rodríguez AB .
Jerte Valley cherry-enriched diets improve nocturnal rest and increase 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and total antioxidant capacity in the urine of middle-aged and elderly humans .
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci .
2010 Sep ; 65 ( 9 ) :909-14 .

Several studies have now confirmed that cherries not only increase sleep duration and sleep quality, but they are anti-inflammatory.
The newest study comes from researchers at Spain’s University of Extremadura. They tested 30 people – ten between 20 and 30 years old, ten between 35 and 55 years old and ten between 65 and 85 years old.
The researchers randomly divided the subjects into two groups. They were given either a tart cherry juice drink or a placebo with cherry flavor twice a day. Those who drank the cherry juice experienced substantially better sleep quality – measured by sleep efficiency, awakenings, and total sleep time.
Moreover, the researchers found that the older group experienced better improvements in sleep quality that the younger groups.
Another study included scientists from the United States (Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine), the UK (Northumbria University and the University of Surrey) and South Africa (University of Johannesburg). This study followed 20 healthy men and women with an average age of 27 years old.
Half of the group was randomly assigned to drink tart cherry juice concentrate and the other half drank a placebo for seven days. The juice concentrate was made from tart Montmorency cherries (Prunus cerasus).
The results determined that the cherry group slept an average of 34 minutes more per night and had a 5-6% increase in sleep efficiency. Sleep efficiency is the time spent asleep as a proportion of time in bed.
They also found that the internal melatonin levels among the cherry group increased significantly, while the placebo group did not have any melatonin increase. Within 48 hours of cherry juice consumption, the urine of the cherry drinkers showed increased levels of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin – the primary melatonin metabolite. The researchers also measured melatonin levels by studying the subjects’ circadian rhythms.
The researchers concluded:
these data suggest that consumption of a tart cherry juice concentrate provides an increase in exogenous melatonin that is beneficial in improving sleep duration and quality in healthy men and women and might be of benefit in managing disturbed sleep.
Learn about over 200 natural remedies to get to sleep.
Cherries contain natural melatonin
Earlier research confirmed that Montmorency cherries contain melatonin. Research led by Dr. Russel Reiter from the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, Texas determined that the tart cherries will contain up to contain up to 13.5 nanograms (ng) of melatonin per gram of cherries. This is typically more than the levels found in the bloodstream.
Another study, this from Spain’s University of Extremadura, also found that sleep quality and duration increased among elderly adults who consumed Jerte Valley cherries – another variety of tart cherries.
While cherries significantly spike melatonin levels and increase sleep quality, research on supplemental synthetic melatonin or melatonin extracted from the pineal glands of cows has been conflicting. These exogenous forms have been shown to improve sleep-phase disorders, but sleep quality results have been equivocal.
The difference may well lie in cherries’ phytochemical content. Researchers from this most recent study stated:
cherry juice has been shown to decrease oxidative stress and inflammation following strenuous exercise making it possible that these antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties modulated indices of sleep in this study…
Cherries reduce inflammation
The newest research comes from the USDA’s Western Human Nutrition Research Center at the University of California at Davis.
This study tested 18 men and women between 45 and 61 years old. They were given 280 grams per day of Bing sweet cherries for 28 days.
After 28 days, the subjects had significantly lower levels of several inflammatory factors. Their CRP levels, ferritin levels plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were all about 20 percent lower, while their endothelin-1 levels were 14 percent lower, and their epidermal growth factor was 13 percent lower. Their IL-1 levels were 28 percent lower, and their advanced glycation end product receptor levels were 29 percent lower. All of these reductions indicated reduced inflammation within the body.
This result is confirmed by research from Oregon Health & Science University. This study utilized tart cherries. The research was presented at the American College of Sports Medicine Conference (ACSM) in San Francisco, Calif.
In this study, 20 women between 40 and 70 years old with inflammatory osteoarthritis were tested. The results found that drinking tart cherry juice twice daily for three weeks led to significant reductions in inflammation markers. The reductions were more significant among women with the highest inflammation levels at the beginning of the study.
“With millions of Americans looking for ways to naturally manage pain, it’s promising that tart cherries can help, without the possible side effects often associated with arthritis medications,” said lead researcher Kerry Kuehl, M.D. of Oregon Health & Science University. “I’m intrigued by the potential for a real food to offer such a powerful anti-inflammatory benefit – especially for active adults.”
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. Athletes can be at risk for developing osteoarthritis, and may benefit greatly from cherries. In a previous study, Dr. Kuehl found that athletes who drank tart cherry juice during training reported significantly less pain after exercise than those who didn’t.
The antioxidant compounds in tart cherries are called anthocyanins. Their anti-inflammatory levels have been shown to be comparable to some well-known pain medications. Research from Baylor Research Institute found that daily tart cherry extract reduced osteoarthritis pain by over 20 percent for a majority of those studied.
According to University of Pennsylvania Medical Center for Sports Medicine Director of Sports Nutrition Leslie Bonci, MPH, RD, CSSD, LDN, incorporating tart cherries into the training menu of professional athletes and active clients has helped manage pain:
Why not eat red when there’s so much science to support the anti-inflammatory benefits of this Super Fruit? And for athletes whose palates prefer the tart-sweet flavor profile of tart cherries, it’s the optimal ingredient.
Whether the reduced inflammation is related to the increase in sleep quality remains in question.
Learn about other natural strategies to reduce inflammation and arthritis.
REFERENCES:
Garrido M, González-Gómez D, Lozano M, Barriga C, Paredes SD, Rodríguez AB. A
Jerte valley cherry product provides beneficial effects on sleep quality.Influence on aging. J Nutr Health Aging. 2013;17(6):553-60. doi: 10.1007/s12603-013-0029-4.
Sleigh, AE, Kuehl KS, Elliot DL . Efficacy of tart cherry juice to reduce inflammation among patients with osteoarthritis. American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting. May 30, 2012.
Kuehl KS, Perrier ET, Elliot DL, Chestnutt J. Efficacy of tart cherry juice in reducing muscle pain during running: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010;7:17-22.
Seeram NP, Momin RA, Nair MG, Bourquin LD. Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant cyanidin glycosides in cherries and berries. Phytomedicine 2001;8:362-369.
Cush JJ. Baylor Research Institute, pilot study on tart cherry and osteoarthritis of the knees, 2007.Kelley DS, Adkins Y, Reddy A, Woodhouse LR, Mackey BE, Erickson KL. Sweet bing cherries lower circulating concentrations of markers for chronic inflammatory diseases in healthy humans. J Nutr. 2013 Mar;143(3):340-4. doi: 10.3945/jn.112.171371.
Howatson G, Bell PG, Tallent J, Middleton B, McHugh MP, Ellis J. Effect of tart cherry juice (Prunus cerasus) on melatonin levels and enhanced sleep quality. Eur J Nutr. 2012 Dec;51(8):909-16.
Burkhardt S, Tan DX, Manchester LC, Hardeland R, Reiter RJ. Detection and quantification of the antioxidant melatonin in Montmorency and Balaton tart cherries (Prunus cerasus). J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Oct;49(10):4898-902.
Garrido M, Paredes SD, Cubero J, Lozano M, Toribio-Delgado AF, Muñoz JL, Reiter RJ, Barriga C, Rodríguez AB. Jerte Valley cherry-enriched diets improve nocturnal rest and increase 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and total antioxidant capacity in the urine of middle-aged and elderly humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010 Sep;65(9):909-14.


renegadetribune--2020-01-20--Did Russia & Israel Re-Shape the Middle East for the Benefit of the Belt & Road Project?

The Oded Yinon plan was first postulated in the 1970 ’ s as a way to “ re-shape the Middle @ @ @ @ @ of Israel .
What it was really about is long term Soviet era strategic planning @ @ @ @ @ Middle East for the benefit of The Belt & Road economic development under the CFR @ @ @ @ @ and other Round Table Groups ?
The East India Trading Company writ large .
911 @ @ @ @ @ 1992-3 .
The Israeli company lost the security contract in 1988 .
And 911 was @ @ @ @ @ along with the Belt & Road Initiative .
All praise to the New York Port @ @ @ @ @ criminal Avraham Shalom Bendor and Zvi Malkin .

The Oded Yinon plan was first postulated in the 1970’s as a way to “re-shape the Middle East” for the benefit of Israel.
What it was really about is long term Soviet era strategic planning to “re-shape” the Middle East for the benefit of The Belt & Road economic development under the CFR (Communism For Rothschild) and other Round Table Groups? The East India Trading Company writ large.
911 was meant to happen in 1992-3. The Israeli company lost the security contract in 1988. And 911 was over ten years behind schedule along with the Belt & Road Initiative. All praise to the New York Port Authority employee who spotted war criminal Avraham Shalom Bendor and Zvi Malkin.
Israel should be called “Soviet Israel”.

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Author: Thanks for being a reader of this site. Your contributions make this all possible. You can send support to: Kyle Hunt, PO Box 1052, Sorrento FL 32776. Bitcoin address: 1AfppjYZddJzc2C15PXKMsnyBPjPJQezwA . CashApp: Thanks for being a reader of this site. Your contributions make this all possible. You can send support to: Kyle Hunt, PO Box 1052, Sorrento FL 32776. Bitcoin address: 1AfppjYZddJzc2C15PXKMsnyBPjPJQezwA . CashApp: https://cash.app/$thekylehunt


renegadetribune--2020-01-20--Gun-Grabbing jew Michael Bloomberg Reveals Plan for Racial Reparations

On the Sunday before MLK Day Michael Bloomberg tried to woo Black voters by promising them lots of taxpayer money and blaming White people for everything .
Bloomberg was speaking in Tulsa , which was the site of a massive race riot that happened nearly 100 years ago .
Bloomberg said that he was proposing a “ plan for righting what I think are historic wrongs and creating opportunity and wealth in black communities.
” More from AP : Bloomberg claimed that his “ White privilege ” ( definitely not his real jewish privilege ) helped him to succeed in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ very lucky in life , I often say my story would only have been possible in America , and I think that ’ s true .
But I also know that my story would have turned out very differently if I had been black , and that more black Americans of my generation would have ended up with far more wealth , had they been white.
” Speaking at the Greenwood Cultural Center , which serves as something of a museum of he 1921 Tulsa race riots , Bloomberg really ramped up his @ @ @ @ @ @ @ coordinator at the Greenwood center , reflected on the race riots : Although it ’ s been nearly 100 years since the massacre took place , we are still dealing with issues of racism and inequality in our city .
I think our community , especially , is dealing with the historical trauma to that has been passed down from generation to generation , specifically as it relates to the history of the massacre .
The Tulsa race riot was the focal point of the recent “ woke ” Watchmen TV series , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ need to be tortured and murdered by masked police .
The AP provides some “ context ” for the Bloomberg speech , giving “ facts ” about what happened in Tulsa in 1921 : Apparently the AP decided to use the most extreme estimate of Black deaths available , when it looks like the real figure was about 13 % that number .
According to Wikipedia : The AP , just like the recent Watchmen series , neglects to mention what actually sparked the White anger .
The riot began over Memorial Day @ @ @ @ @ @ @ black shoeshiner , was accused of assaulting Sarah Page , the 17-year-old white elevator operator of the nearby Drexel Building .
He was taken into custody .
A subsequent gathering of angry local whites outside the courthouse where Rowland was being held , and the spread of rumors he had been lynched , alarmed the local black population , some of whom arrived at the courthouse armed .
Shots were fired and twelve people were killed : ten white and two black .
So now you see what actually happened .
A black @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) a White girl , which angered local Whites , who showed up to the court .
Black people started gossiping that the “ youth ” had been lynched , so they opened fired on the crowd and killed ten White people .
None of these deaths seem to matter to Bloomberg , a jewish supremacist , or the Black people who need to hold onto their status as eternal victims .

On the Sunday before MLK Day Michael Bloomberg tried to woo Black voters by promising them lots of taxpayer money and blaming White people for everything. Bloomberg was speaking in Tulsa, which was the site of a massive race riot that happened nearly 100 years ago.
According to AP:
The former New York City mayor spoke out against an American history of race-based economic inequality from slavery to segregation to redlining, and outlined an proposal aimed at increasing the number of black-owned homes and businesses. The plan includes a $70 billion investment in the nation’s most disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Bloomberg said that he was proposing a “plan for righting what I think are historic wrongs and creating opportunity and wealth in black communities.” More from AP:
The plan offers incentives for investment in underserved communities, increases support for black-owned banks and ties federal housing money to progress in reducing segregation. It would require bias training for police, teachers and federal contractors, and address voter disenfranchisement practices such as ID requirements, poll purging and gerrymandering. Bloomberg also pledged to back a commission to study whether black Americans should receive reparations for slavery.
Bloomberg claimed that his “White privilege” (definitely not his real jewish privilege) helped him to succeed in America.
As someone who has been very lucky in life, I often say my story would only have been possible in America, and I think that’s true. But I also know that my story would have turned out very differently if I had been black, and that more black Americans of my generation would have ended up with far more wealth, had they been white.”
Speaking at the Greenwood Cultural Center, which serves as something of a museum of he 1921 Tulsa race riots, Bloomberg really ramped up his anti-White rhetoric.
For black Americans, there was nothing that white landowners, businesses, banks, and politicians might not take: Their wages and their homes, their businesses and their wealth, their votes and their power, and even their lives.”
Mechelle Brown, program coordinator at the Greenwood center, reflected on the race riots:
Although it’s been nearly 100 years since the massacre took place, we are still dealing with issues of racism and inequality in our city. I think our community, especially, is dealing with the historical trauma to that has been passed down from generation to generation, specifically as it relates to the history of the massacre.
The Tulsa race riot was the focal point of the recent “woke” Watchmen TV series, wherein White supremacists are evil terrorists who need to be tortured and murdered by masked police.
The AP provides some “context” for the Bloomberg speech, giving “facts” about what happened in Tulsa in 1921:
In the massacre, white mobs killed an estimated 300 black residents and injured 800 more. About 8,000 residents were left homeless after firebombs, including some dropped from airplanes, destroyed movie theaters, churches and hotels and decimated the economic and cultural mecca that had become known as Black Wall Street.
Apparently the AP decided to use the most extreme estimate of Black deaths available, when it looks like the real figure was about 13% that number. According to Wikipedia:
The Oklahoma Bureau of Vital Statistics officially recorded 36 dead, but the American Red Cross declined to provide an estimate. A 2001 state commission examination of events noted estimations from between 36 and 300 killed in the rioting, and based on contemporary autopsy reports and death certificates, the commission confirmed 39 black males, 13 white males, and 4 unidentifiable bodies.
The AP, just like the recent Watchmen series, neglects to mention what actually sparked the White anger.
The riot began over Memorial Day weekend after 19-year-old Dick Rowland, a black shoeshiner, was accused of assaulting Sarah Page, the 17-year-old white elevator operator of the nearby Drexel Building. He was taken into custody. A subsequent gathering of angry local whites outside the courthouse where Rowland was being held, and the spread of rumors he had been lynched, alarmed the local black population, some of whom arrived at the courthouse armed. Shots were fired and twelve people were killed: ten white and two black.
So now you see what actually happened. A black “youth” assaulted (sexually?) a White girl, which angered local Whites, who showed up to the court. Black people started gossiping that the “youth” had been lynched, so they opened fired on the crowd and killed ten White people. None of these deaths seem to matter to Bloomberg, a jewish supremacist, or the Black people who need to hold onto their status as eternal victims.
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Author: Kyle Hunt Kyle is the publisher of the Renegade Tribune and the founder of Kyle is the publisher of the Renegade Tribune and the founder of Renegade Broadcasting , where he hosts The Solar Storm . He also organized the 2014 White Man March and created the film adaptation of Hellstorm . You can send support to: Kyle Hunt, PO Box 1052, Sorrento FL 32776. Bitcoin address: 1AfppjYZddJzc2C15PXKMsnyBPjPJQezwA


renegadetribune--2020-01-20--The Creation of a Fake White Wing Terror Group

The new “ terror ” boogeyman is no longer the Muslim extremist , he is now the regular White guy @ @ @ @ @ skull mask .

The new "terror" boogeyman is no longer the Muslim extremist, he is now the regular White guy down the street... with a skull mask.


renegadetribune--2020-01-21--Berlin Before National Socialism

Berlin Before National Socialism

Weimar Germany is often celebrated by the jews as the golden era of sexual and artistic “ freedom ” , @ @ @ @ @ a cess pit of degeneracy .

Weimar Germany is often celebrated by the jews as the golden era of sexual and artistic "freedom", but in reality it was a cess pit of degeneracy.


renegadetribune--2020-01-21--The Incredible Health Benefits of Berries

How can one food group offer so many incredible health benefits , from preventing heart attack , stroke and dementia to protecting you from the flu ?
The answer is phytonutrients , and berries are simply loaded .
Reading this “ berry primer ” will have you snatching them by the handfuls .
As the rock stars of the fruit kingdom , berries are some of the most disease preventive foods on the planet , coveted by our hunter-gatherer ancestors for millennia .
Modern science is now revealing why these little red and purple beauties have been so revered—their high @ @ @ @ @ @ @ health benefits from head to toe .
Berries boost your immunity and calm inflammation because they ’ re packed so full of antioxidants , vitamins and fiber—in fact , they contain some of the highest antioxidant levels of all foods .
Berries protect your heart and brain and slow down aging—and they ’ re a cancer cell ’ s worst nightmare .
They ’ re also lower in sugar than most other fruits so less likely to destabilize your insulin .
You may have heard references to polyphenols , flavonoids , flavanols , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ These can be confusing , so before we get into health benefits , let ’ s review some basic berry nomenclature to build a foundation for your appreciation .
A berry is scientifically defined as a fleshy fruit produced by the ovary of a single flower , which includes fruits not commonly considered berries such as grapes , bananas , tomatoes , cucumbers , and eggplants—but excluding strawberries and raspberries .
Although various horticultural camps disagree about what constitutes a berry , this article will focus on the common culinary classification , what @ @ @ @ @ @ @ “ berries.
” The naturally occurring compounds primarily responsible for berries ’ nutritional value are the following : · Phytochemicals ( sometimes called phytonutrients ) are naturally occurring plant compounds with protective or disease preventive properties .
The thousands of phytochemicals are divided into three categories : phenolic acids ( which are polyphenols ) , flavonoids , and stilbenes/lignans .
[ 1 ] · Polyphenols are the most abundant natural antioxidants in our food supply .
Examples include resveratrol ( grapes ) , ellagic acid ( nuts and berries ) , capsaicin ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ EGCG ( green tea ) , quercetin , tannins , and diferuloylmethanes ( found only in turmeric ) .
[ 2 ] · Flavonoids are the most diverse group of polyphenols ( there are 4,000 ! )
.
Flavonoids are what give berries and other fruits and veggies their vibrant colors , as well as stellar antioxidant properties .
Plants produce flavonoids to protect themselves from parasites , oxidative injury and harsh climatic conditions .
Flavonoids benefit more than 200 different diseases with 79 different pharmaceutical actions , including cardioprotective , neuroprotective and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ subclasses , including flavanols ( includes catechins and proanthrocyanidins ) , flavones , isoflavones ( soy ) , and anthocyanins .
· Anthocyanins are pigments giving plants ( including berries ) their deep red , purple and blue colors .
The darker the berry , the more anthocyanin it contains .
This pigment has significant cardioprotective , neuroprotective and antitumor properties , as well as many others .
One of the most remarkable gifts from berries is the protection they afford your heart , which results mostly from their anthocyanin content .
Anthocyanins @ @ @ @ @ @ @ system by improving blood pressure , reducing oxidative stress and inflammation , enhancing capillary strength , inhibiting platelet formation , and preventing the buildup of arterial plaque .
One in three US adults now has high blood pressure , [ 3 ] and multiple studies show the benefits of blueberries for blood pressure and overall heart health .
A study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics [ 4 ] involving high-risk postmenopausal women found that consuming one cup of blueberries daily for eight weeks reduced blood pressure and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ nitric oxide production .
Women who consume more than three servings of blueberries and strawberries per week were found to have a 32 percent lower risk of heart attack .
One cup of mixed berries per day has been shown to lower blood pressure and raise beneficial HDL .
Blueberries offer additional protection from type 2 diabetes by stabilizing blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity .
In a scientific review of the cardioprotective benefits of anthocyanins , researchers wrote : [ 5 ] This is Your Brain on Berries… Berries are some @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to lower your risk for Alzheimer ’ s disease and other neurological disorders .
A Chinese study [ 6 ] found the incidence of dementia ( Alzheimer ’ s , vascular and other forms ) was more than 500 percent higher for those who did not consume berries on a regular basis .
A team of international researchers reviewed the science of berries ’ neuroprotective effects and drew the following conclusions : [ 7 ] · Berries significantly reduce the risk for multiple types of dementia · Black currants discourage the formation of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ dementia · Blueberries are associated with improved memory and learning , as well as reduced radical oxidation species that harm brain cells The benefits of strawberries for your brain is at least partly explained by a recently discovered compound called fisetin , a flavonol similar to quercetin that ’ s found in strawberries and several other fruits and vegetables .
Research published in Aging Cell [ 8 ] found fisetin prevented mice who were programmed to develop Alzheimer ’ s disease from actually developing it .
Pamela Maher ’ s research team identified @ @ @ @ @ @ @ metabolic pathways to reduce age-related cognitive decline , including raising intracellular glutathione levels and reducing brain inflammation , all of which she summarized in a 2009 paper .
[ 9 ] If you ’ re simply feeling blue , maybe you need to EAT more blue !
Low dopamine levels can result in depression and other mood disturbances , but anthocyanins and proanthrocyanidins help your brain produce more dopamine .
[ 10 ] [ 11 ] Or try some goji berries , shown to substantially increase feelings of well-being and improve cognitive performance @ @ @ @ @ @ @ evidence that berries ( particularly blueberries , possibly because they ’ ve been the most studied ) can help protect you from cancer , including breast , colon , liver and melanoma .
Blueberries are found to induce apoptosis ( cell death ) in virulent breast cancer cell lines .
An isolate in blueberries named pterostilbene ( related to resveratrol ) was shown to selectively kill cancer stem cells and suppress the adverse effects of radiation .
In fact , pterostilbene has demonstrated anti-cancer activity against breast , colon , gastric , esophageal @ @ @ @ @ @ @ aren ’ t the only berries with anticarcinogenic effects .
The acai berry shows promise in treating leukemia and colon cancer , as well as supporting overall immune function , metabolism and arthritis .
Bilberry inhibits colon cancer and leukemia .
Blackberries and black raspberries have been demonstrated to be antiproliferative .
The bottom line is , if you want to capitalize on the healing power of berries , an excellent strategy is to incorporate them into your diet on a daily basis—and the more variety the better .
To maximize antioxidant benefits @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 12 ] found that organically grown blueberries have significantly higher concentrations of phenol antioxidants and anthocyanins than conventionally grown , as well as significantly higher total antioxidant capacity .
Each berry has its own special complement of phytochemicals , so add multiple types of berries to your list next time you ’ re hunting and gathering at your local farmers market .
[ 1 ] UC Davis Nutrition and Health Info-Sheet : Some Facts About Phytochemicals [ 4 ] Johnson SA et al .
Daily Blueberry Consumption Improves Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 1-Hypertension : A Randomized , Double-Blind , Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial .
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2015 March ; 115 ( 3 ) :369-377 [ 6 ] Wei , CJ et al .
Risk factors for dementia in highly educated elderly people in Tianjin , China .
Clin Neurol & Neurosurg .
2014 July ; 122:408 https : //dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.04.004 [ 7 ] Subash S. et al .
Neuroprotective effects of berry fruits on neurodegenerative diseases .
Neural Regen Res .
2014 Aug 15 ; 9 ( 16 ) : 1557–1566 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ al .
Modulation of p25 and inflammatory pathways by fisetin maintains cognitive function in Alzheimer ’ s disease transgenic mice .
Aging Cell .
2014 Apr ; 13 ( 2 ) :379-90. doi : 10.1111/acel.12185 .
Epub 2013 Dec 17 .
PMCID : PMC3954948 [ 9 ] Maher P. Modulation of multiple pathways involved in the maintenance of neuronal function during aging by fisetin .
Genes Nutr .
2009 Dec ; 4 ( 4 ) : 297–307 .
doi : 10.1007/s12263-009-0142-5 [ 11 ] Rahman MM .
et al .
Effects of anthocyanins @ @ @ @ @ @ @ status .
J Agric Food Chem .
2008 Aug 27 ; 56 ( 16 ) :7545-50. doi : 10.1021/jf800930s .
Epub 2008 Jul 29 .
[ 12 ] Wang SY .
et al .
Fruit Quality , Antioxidant Capacity , and Flavonoid Content of Organically and Conventionally Grown Blueberries .
J Agric Food Chem .
2008 July ; 56 ( 14 ) :5788–5794 DOI : 10.1021/jf703775r

How can one food group offer so many incredible health benefits, from preventing heart attack, stroke and dementia to protecting you from the flu? The answer is phytonutrients, and berries are simply loaded. Reading this “berry primer” will have you snatching them by the handfuls.
As the rock stars of the fruit kingdom, berries are some of the most disease preventive foods on the planet, coveted by our hunter-gatherer ancestors for millennia. Modern science is now revealing why these little red and purple beauties have been so revered—their high levels of polyphenols and other nutrients provide health benefits from head to toe.
Berries boost your immunity and calm inflammation because they’re packed so full of antioxidants, vitamins and fiber—in fact, they contain some of the highest antioxidant levels of all foods. Berries protect your heart and brain and slow down aging—and they’re a cancer cell’s worst nightmare. They’re also lower in sugar than most other fruits so less likely to destabilize your insulin.
You may have heard references to polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, anthocyanins, and other technical terms. These can be confusing, so before we get into health benefits, let’s review some basic berry nomenclature to build a foundation for your appreciation.
Phytochemicals 101
A berry is scientifically defined as a fleshy fruit produced by the ovary of a single flower, which includes fruits not commonly considered berries such as grapes, bananas, tomatoes, cucumbers, and eggplants—but excluding strawberries and raspberries. Although various horticultural camps disagree about what constitutes a berry, this article will focus on the common culinary classification, what we see at the market labeled as “berries.”
The naturally occurring compounds primarily responsible for berries’ nutritional value are the following:
· Phytochemicals (sometimes called phytonutrients) are naturally occurring plant compounds with protective or disease preventive properties. The thousands of phytochemicals are divided into three categories: phenolic acids (which are polyphenols), flavonoids, and stilbenes/lignans.[1]
· Polyphenols are the most abundant natural antioxidants in our food supply. Examples include resveratrol (grapes), ellagic acid (nuts and berries), capsaicin (hot peppers), epigallocatechin gallate or EGCG (green tea), quercetin, tannins, and diferuloylmethanes (found only in turmeric).[2]
· Flavonoids are the most diverse group of polyphenols (there are 4,000!). Flavonoids are what give berries and other fruits and veggies their vibrant colors, as well as stellar antioxidant properties. Plants produce flavonoids to protect themselves from parasites, oxidative injury and harsh climatic conditions. Flavonoids benefit more than 200 different diseases with 79 different pharmaceutical actions, including cardioprotective, neuroprotective and antineoplastic. Flavonoids are divided in several subclasses, including flavanols (includes catechins and proanthrocyanidins), flavones, isoflavones (soy), and anthocyanins.
· Anthocyanins are pigments giving plants (including berries) their deep red, purple and blue colors. The darker the berry, the more anthocyanin it contains. This pigment has significant cardioprotective, neuroprotective and antitumor properties, as well as many others.
Berries and Your Heart
One of the most remarkable gifts from berries is the protection they afford your heart, which results mostly from their anthocyanin content. Anthocyanins support the endothelial lining of your circulatory system by improving blood pressure, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, enhancing capillary strength, inhibiting platelet formation, and preventing the buildup of arterial plaque.
One in three US adults now has high blood pressure,[3] and multiple studies show the benefits of blueberries for blood pressure and overall heart health. A study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics[4] involving high-risk postmenopausal women found that consuming one cup of blueberries daily for eight weeks reduced blood pressure and arterial stiffness, possibly due to increased nitric oxide production.
Women who consume more than three servings of blueberries and strawberries per week were found to have a 32 percent lower risk of heart attack. One cup of mixed berries per day has been shown to lower blood pressure and raise beneficial HDL. Blueberries offer additional protection from type 2 diabetes by stabilizing blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity. In a scientific review of the cardioprotective benefits of anthocyanins, researchers wrote:[5]
“Epidemiological studies suggest that increased consumption of anthocyanins lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the most common cause of mortality among men and women. Anthocyanins frequently interact with other phytochemicals, exhibiting synergistic biological effects but making contributions from individual components difficult to decipher. Over the past 2 decades, many peer-reviewed publications have demonstrated that in addition to their noted in vitro antioxidant activity, anthocyanins may regulate different signaling pathways involved in the development of CVD.”
This is Your Brain on Berries…
Berries are some of the best foods you can eat to lower your risk for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders. A Chinese study[6] found the incidence of dementia (Alzheimer’s, vascular and other forms) was more than 500 percent higher for those who did not consume berries on a regular basis. A team of international researchers reviewed the science of berries’ neuroprotective effects and drew the following conclusions:[7]
· Berries significantly reduce the risk for multiple types of dementia
· Strawberries decrease oxidation and build neurological health
· Bilberries protect against arterial and neural damage
· Black currants discourage the formation of beta-amyloid plaques, which are common in dementia
· Blueberries are associated with improved memory and learning, as well as reduced radical oxidation species that harm brain cells
The benefits of strawberries for your brain is at least partly explained by a recently discovered compound called fisetin, a flavonol similar to quercetin that’s found in strawberries and several other fruits and vegetables. Research published in Aging Cell[8] found fisetin prevented mice who were programmed to develop Alzheimer’s disease from actually developing it. Pamela Maher’s research team identified numerous ways in which fisetin works on metabolic pathways to reduce age-related cognitive decline, including raising intracellular glutathione levels and reducing brain inflammation, all of which she summarized in a 2009 paper.[9]
If you’re simply feeling blue, maybe you need to EAT more blue! Low dopamine levels can result in depression and other mood disturbances, but anthocyanins and proanthrocyanidins help your brain produce more dopamine.[10] [11] Or try some goji berries, shown to substantially increase feelings of well-being and improve cognitive performance after only two weeks.
Cancer’s Worst Enemy
There is evidence that berries (particularly blueberries, possibly because they’ve been the most studied) can help protect you from cancer, including breast, colon, liver and melanoma.
Blueberries are found to induce apoptosis (cell death) in virulent breast cancer cell lines. An isolate in blueberries named pterostilbene (related to resveratrol) was shown to selectively kill cancer stem cells and suppress the adverse effects of radiation. In fact, pterostilbene has demonstrated anti-cancer activity against breast, colon, gastric, esophageal and prostate cancers. However, blueberries aren’t the only berries with anticarcinogenic effects. The acai berry shows promise in treating leukemia and colon cancer, as well as supporting overall immune function, metabolism and arthritis. Bilberry inhibits colon cancer and leukemia. Blackberries and black raspberries have been demonstrated to be antiproliferative.
The bottom line is, if you want to capitalize on the healing power of berries, an excellent strategy is to incorporate them into your diet on a daily basis—and the more variety the better. To maximize antioxidant benefits, go organic. One study[12] found that organically grown blueberries have significantly higher concentrations of phenol antioxidants and anthocyanins than conventionally grown, as well as significantly higher total antioxidant capacity.
Each berry has its own special complement of phytochemicals, so add multiple types of berries to your list next time you’re hunting and gathering at your local farmers market.
Berry Special Health Benefits Cranberry: Sixteen different studies support the efficacy of cranberries for treating and preventing urinary tract infections, but did you know they also combat MRSA? Strawberry: Improved lipid profile, reduced cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risk; protection from esophageal cancer; eight strawberries have more vitamin C than a medium sized orange Raspberry: Support for esophageal cancer, erectile dysfunction and low sperm count Goji Berry: Protects male reproductive organs from damage by endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as BPA Black Currant: Support for brain power mood, allergies and rheumatoid arthritis Elderberry: Inhibits influenza A and B as effectively as amantadine or Tamiflu Blackberry: Supports fluoride detoxification Schisandra berry: Improves mitochondrial function
References
[1] UC Davis Nutrition and Health Info-Sheet: Some Facts About Phytochemicals
[2] UC Davis Integrative Medicine Program: The Power of Polyphenols July 28, 2015
[3] CDC High Blood Pressure Facts
[4] Johnson SA et al. Daily Blueberry Consumption Improves Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Postmenopausal Women with Pre- and Stage 1-Hypertension: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2015 March;115(3):369-377
[5] Wallace TC. Anthocyanins in cardiovascular disease. Adv Nutr. 2011 Jan;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.3945/an.110.000042. Epub 2011 Jan 10.
[6] Wei, CJ et al. Risk factors for dementia in highly educated elderly people in Tianjin, China. Clin Neurol & Neurosurg. 2014 July;122:408 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.04.004
[7] Subash S. et al. Neuroprotective effects of berry fruits on neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res. 2014 Aug 15; 9(16): 1557–1566.
doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.139483
[8] Currais A. et al. Modulation of p25 and inflammatory pathways by fisetin maintains cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice. Aging Cell. 2014 Apr;13(2):379-90. doi: 10.1111/acel.12185. Epub 2013 Dec 17. PMCID: PMC3954948
[9] Maher P. Modulation of multiple pathways involved in the maintenance of neuronal function during aging by fisetin. Genes Nutr. 2009 Dec; 4(4): 297–307. doi: 10.1007/s12263-009-0142-5
[10] Dobberstein LJ. “Brain Protective Effects of Proathocyanidins.” Wellness Resources April 7, 2014
[11] Rahman MM. et al. Effects of anthocyanins on psychological stress-induced oxidative stress and neurotransmitter status. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Aug 27;56(16):7545-50. doi: 10.1021/jf800930s. Epub 2008 Jul 29.
[12]Wang SY. et al. Fruit Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, and Flavonoid Content of Organically and Conventionally Grown Blueberries. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 July; 56 (14):5788–5794 DOI: 10.1021/jf703775r


renegadetribune--2020-01-21--Survivals of Human Sacrifice in Judaism

Survivals of Human Sacrifice in Judaism

Apart from definite revivals , the memory of human sacrifice is clearly stamped not only on the Passover but on the two other typical sacrificial feasts of the Jews—the indeterminate sacrifice of the Red Heifer , loosely said to have been performed only eight times since Moses , and the annual sacrifice of a scape-goat on the Day of Atonement .
In the case of the former , which was prescribed to take place on the Mount of Olives , the high-priest , his eldest son , and the Messiah Milchama—the deputy High-Priest anointed for war—were all three anointed with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ cross being made with it on their foreheads .
But further , in one of the two Talmudic accounts , “ in anticipation of the performance of the rite , a pregnant woman was brought into one of the chambers of the temple , which was set apart for the purpose , and kept there till her child was born .
The child so born was brought up within the sacred precincts , and protected from any chance of incurring ceremonial pollution .
When the time for the rite arrived , this child @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by bullocks , and conducted to the fountain of Siloah .
There the child descended , and drew water from the spring in an earthen vessel , bearing which , he was reconducted , as he came , to the Temple.
” But by another account “ pregnant women ” were brought to Jerusalem , and placed in courts built on the rock , with an excavation underneath , and they and their children were there kept “ for the use of the red heifer ” till the children were seven or eight @ @ @ @ @ @ @ be held ceremonially pure .
Here it becomes fairly clear that a regular supply of children-victims had anciently been provided for sacrifice , and that the heifer was the child ’ s representative .
Some trace of the knowledge is preserved in the Talmud , in the dubiously significant saying that “ as the red heifer atones for sin so also does the death of the righteous atone for sin.
” Being sacrificed with her face to , the south and her head to the west , the heifer was presumably dedicated either @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to the Moon-Goddess .
By an equally clear clue in the ritual , we can reach the original character of the sacrifice of the scapegoat , which in its official form is clearly post-exilic .
In the preparation for that , the high-priest was removed from his own house to the council-chamber seven days in advance , and at the same time a sagan or deputy was appointed who should take his place in case of his being incapacitated .
On the night before the day of sacrifice he was not allowed to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ being watched by the younger priests .
At that stage , “ the elders of the great Sanhedrin handed him over to the seniors of the priestly order , who escorted him to the upper chamber of the house of Abtinas , and there they swore him in , and , after bidding him farewell , departed .
In administering the oath , they said : “ My lord high-priest , we are ambassadors of the Sanhedrin ; thou art ambassador of the Sanhedrin , and our ambassador also .
We adjure thee @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to dwell in this house , that thou deviate not from anything we have rehearsed to thee .
Then they parted company , both he and they weeping.
” An absurd Talmudic explanation is given for the weeping : “ He wept because they suspected he was a Sadducee ; and they wept because the penalty or false suspicion is scourging.
” Whatever may have been the historical fact concealed by the last phrase , it is sufficiently clear that the rite was originally one of human sacrifice in which either the priest @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Segan , was put to death as “ ambassador ” of the people to the God or Gods , that is , as scapegoat for their sins .
And in this Sagan we probably have the true interpretation of the Græcised term Zoganes applied to the mock victim of the Sacæa .
He was simply the deputy of the originally due victim , the priest , who must thus have solved his personal problem at a very early date .
In all likelihood the Hebrews had practised some form of this rite long @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the later practice we have a significant Talmudic clue , in the saying of Rabbi Eleazar that it is lawful to slay an Amhaaretz ( one “ ignorant of the law , ” rustic “ pagan ” ) on the Day of Atonement , even ( ? )
when it falls on a Sabbath .
There were discussions on the point , and it is explained that the victim must not be slain with a knife , as “ that would necessitate a formal benediction ; but to kill him by tearing his @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Another Rabbi chimes in that “ Rabbi Yochanan has said that it is lawful to split up the Amhaaretz like a fish ” ; “ and that from the neck too , ” adds yet another .
The date explains the proposition .
Whether as a regular and sanctioned or as a sporadic practice , the sacrifice of a human victim on the Day of Atonement had in all likelihood been practised at or near Jerusalem both before and after the Return from the Captivity .
The modified sacrifice of the scapegoat , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the primordial principle of human sacrifice or “ sin-offering ” for the good of the people , and is in many respects the complement of the Passover .
The Passover victim was set apart on the tenth day of the civil New Year , which dated from spring ; the Day of Atonement was the tenth day from the ecclesiastical New Year , which , as we have seen , began in autumn .
It is probable that the latter is the older of the two ; but both hold their ground in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , the spring festival standing for his youth and waxing period , the autumn for his maturity and waning .
That they had a common principle in the sacrifice of a pure victim appears from the detail that in both cases the victim before sacrifice is put in an “ upper chamber , ” the idea being to provide that no contamination should arise from a grave beneath .
And both festivals , it is to be noted , could be celebrated apart from the Temple , the Passover being a domestic as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Day of Atonement being celebrated in Babylon as well as at Jerusalem .
It is important to note this circumstance in view of the theoretic universalism of the traditional rite of sacrifice , which even the Khonds declared to be for “ mankind , ” and on which the Gentilising Christians founded their gospel .
Jewish sacrifices were strictly national ; but in their later contacts with other races they were constantly being attracted towards more cosmopolitan ideals .
It sufficed that they had as basis the communal idea , and that it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
In the legend of the slaying of Saul ’ s seven sons they preserved the belief ( seen in force among the Moabites , and at the same time in Israel ) that a king ’ s son , offered up by and for his father , was an irresistibly potent sacrifice ; and among some sections of the Semitic race , as we have seen , there was current the myth preserved by Eusebius from Philo of Byblos , that Kronos , “ whom the Phœnicians call Israel , ” adorned @ @ @ @ @ @ @ only , ” with emblems of royalty , and sacrificed him .
The actuality of such a belief among the Phœnicians is proved by the story of Maleus crucifying his only son , crowned and robed in purple , before the walls of Carthage , in order to conquer the city .
He was fulfilling an august rite .
Always it is a typically divine or racial “ father ” —Kronos , Israel , Abraham—who figures in the myths of son-sacrifice ; and when it is remembered that the God-name Tammuz signified in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of life , ” and was by the Semites interpreted to mean “ the offspring ” or “ only son , ” we are led to conclude that this conception , bound up with that of the God ’ s death and resurrection , had a general and strong hold on both non-Semitic and Semitic races ; for a Hebrew cult of the dying and re-arising Tammuz was in the period before the exile carried on in the very temple of Yahweh .

By John M. Robertson,
From Pagan Christs [1911]
Apart from definite revivals, the memory of human sacrifice is clearly stamped not only on the Passover but on the two other typical sacrificial feasts of the Jews—the indeterminate sacrifice of the Red Heifer, loosely said to have been performed only eight times since Moses, and the annual sacrifice of a scape-goat on the Day of Atonement. In the case of the former, which was prescribed to take place on the Mount of Olives, the high-priest, his eldest son, and the Messiah Milchama—the deputy High-Priest anointed for war—were all three anointed with holy oil, the mark of a cross being made with it on their foreheads. But further, in one of the two Talmudic accounts, “in anticipation of the performance of the rite, a pregnant woman was brought into one of the chambers of the temple, which was set apart for the purpose, and kept there till her child was born. The child so born was brought up within the sacred precincts, and protected from any chance of incurring ceremonial pollution. When the time for the rite arrived, this child was seated on a wooden litter borne by bullocks, and conducted to the fountain of Siloah. There the child descended, and drew water from the spring in an earthen vessel, bearing which, he was reconducted, as he came, to the Temple.” But by another account “pregnant women” were brought to Jerusalem, and placed in courts built on the rock, with an excavation underneath, and they and their children were there kept “for the use of the red heifer” till the children were seven or eight years old, when they ceased to be held ceremonially pure. Here it becomes fairly clear that a regular supply of children-victims had anciently been provided for sacrifice, and that the heifer was the child’s representative. Some trace of the knowledge is preserved in the Talmud, in the dubiously significant saying that “as the red heifer atones for sin so also does the death of the righteous atone for sin.” Being sacrificed with her face to, the south and her head to the west, the heifer was presumably dedicated either to the setting or winter sun or to the Moon-Goddess.
By an equally clear clue in the ritual, we can reach the original character of the sacrifice of the scapegoat, which in its official form is clearly post-exilic. In the preparation for that, the high-priest was removed from his own house to the council-chamber seven days in advance, and at the same time a sagan or deputy was appointed who should take his place in case of his being incapacitated. On the night before the day of sacrifice he was not allowed to eat meat, or to sleep, being watched by the younger priests. At that stage, “the elders of the great Sanhedrin handed him over to the seniors of the priestly order, who escorted him to the upper chamber of the house of Abtinas, and there they swore him in, and, after bidding him farewell, departed. In administering the oath, they said: “My lord high-priest, we are ambassadors of the Sanhedrin; thou art ambassador of the Sanhedrin, and our ambassador also. We adjure thee, by Him who causes his name to dwell in this house, that thou deviate not from anything we have rehearsed to thee. Then they parted company, both he and they weeping.” An absurd Talmudic explanation is given for the weeping: “He wept because they suspected he was a Sadducee; and they wept because the penalty or false suspicion is scourging.” Whatever may have been the historical fact concealed by the last phrase, it is sufficiently clear that the rite was originally one of human sacrifice in which either the priest or his deputy, the Sagan or Segan, was put to death as “ambassador” of the people to the God or Gods, that is, as scapegoat for their sins. And in this Sagan we probably have the true interpretation of the Græcised term Zoganes applied to the mock victim of the Sacæa. He was simply the deputy of the originally due victim, the priest, who must thus have solved his personal problem at a very early date.
In all likelihood the Hebrews had practised some form of this rite long before the Captivity. And as regards the later practice we have a significant Talmudic clue, in the saying of Rabbi Eleazar that it is lawful to slay an Amhaaretz (one “ignorant of the law,” rustic “pagan”) on the Day of Atonement, even (?) when it falls on a Sabbath. There were discussions on the point, and it is explained that the victim must not be slain with a knife, as “that would necessitate a formal benediction; but to kill him by tearing his nostrils open no benediction is required.” Another Rabbi chimes in that “Rabbi Yochanan has said that it is lawful to split up the Amhaaretz like a fish”; “and that from the neck too,” adds yet another. The date explains the proposition. Whether as a regular and sanctioned or as a sporadic practice, the sacrifice of a human victim on the Day of Atonement had in all likelihood been practised at or near Jerusalem both before and after the Return from the Captivity.
The modified sacrifice of the scapegoat, then, was but another variant of the primordial principle of human sacrifice or “sin-offering” for the good of the people, and is in many respects the complement of the Passover. The Passover victim was set apart on the tenth day of the civil New Year, which dated from spring; the Day of Atonement was the tenth day from the ecclesiastical New Year, which, as we have seen, began in autumn. It is probable that the latter is the older of the two; but both hold their ground in reference to the sun’s progress, the spring festival standing for his youth and waxing period, the autumn for his maturity and waning. That they had a common principle in the sacrifice of a pure victim appears from the detail that in both cases the victim before sacrifice is put in an “upper chamber,” the idea being to provide that no contamination should arise from a grave beneath. And both festivals, it is to be noted, could be celebrated apart from the Temple, the Passover being a domestic as well as a temple-feast, and the Day of Atonement being celebrated in Babylon as well as at Jerusalem.
It is important to note this circumstance in view of the theoretic universalism of the traditional rite of sacrifice, which even the Khonds declared to be for “mankind,” and on which the Gentilising Christians founded their gospel. Jewish sacrifices were strictly national; but in their later contacts with other races they were constantly being attracted towards more cosmopolitan ideals. It sufficed that they had as basis the communal idea, and that it was capable of development on popular lines. In the legend of the slaying of Saul’s seven sons they preserved the belief (seen in force among the Moabites, and at the same time in Israel) that a king’s son, offered up by and for his father, was an irresistibly potent sacrifice; and among some sections of the Semitic race, as we have seen, there was current the myth preserved by Eusebius from Philo of Byblos, that Kronos, “whom the Phœnicians call Israel,” adorned his son called Ieoud, “the only,” with emblems of royalty, and sacrificed him. The actuality of such a belief among the Phœnicians is proved by the story of Maleus crucifying his only son, crowned and robed in purple, before the walls of Carthage, in order to conquer the city. He was fulfilling an august rite. Always it is a typically divine or racial “father”—Kronos, Israel, Abraham—who figures in the myths of son-sacrifice; and when it is remembered that the God-name Tammuz signified in its original Akkadian form “the son of life,” and was by the Semites interpreted to mean “the offspring” or “only son,” we are led to conclude that this conception, bound up with that of the God’s death and resurrection, had a general and strong hold on both non-Semitic and Semitic races; for a Hebrew cult of the dying and re-arising Tammuz was in the period before the exile carried on in the very temple of Yahweh.
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Author: Thanks for being a reader of this site. Your contributions make this all possible. You can send support to: Kyle Hunt, PO Box 1052, Sorrento FL 32776. Bitcoin address: 1AfppjYZddJzc2C15PXKMsnyBPjPJQezwA . CashApp: Thanks for being a reader of this site. Your contributions make this all possible. You can send support to: Kyle Hunt, PO Box 1052, Sorrento FL 32776. Bitcoin address: 1AfppjYZddJzc2C15PXKMsnyBPjPJQezwA . CashApp: https://cash.app/$thekylehunt


renegadetribune--2020-01-21--Gareth Porter: Neocons and the Manufactured Iran Crisis

Highlights from a speech given at the 2015 Israel Lobby Conference , quickly explaining why the US is currently teetering @ @ @ @ @ with Iran .
See full video here : https : //www.youtube.com/watch ?
v=I-PNn…

Highlights from a speech given at the 2015 Israel Lobby Conference, quickly explaining why the US is currently teetering on a full blown war with Iran. See full video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-PNn…
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Author: Thanks for being a reader of this site. Your contributions make this all possible. You can send support to: Kyle Hunt, PO Box 1052, Sorrento FL 32776. Bitcoin address: 1AfppjYZddJzc2C15PXKMsnyBPjPJQezwA . CashApp: Thanks for being a reader of this site. Your contributions make this all possible. You can send support to: Kyle Hunt, PO Box 1052, Sorrento FL 32776. Bitcoin address: 1AfppjYZddJzc2C15PXKMsnyBPjPJQezwA . CashApp: https://cash.app/$thekylehunt


renegadetribune--2020-01-21--App Warning: With One Photo, Strangers Can Find Your Information

An app called Clearview allows the user to snap a photo of anyone .
Once that ’ s done , the person who took your picture will have access to all of your information .
Privacy is now all but obsolete .
People will not , for much longer , be able to walk down the street minding their own business anonymously .
According to a report by The New York Times , it won ’ t be long before anyone at any time knows exactly who you are while you ’ re in public .
What if a stranger @ @ @ @ @ @ @ then use an app to quickly discover your name , address and other details ?
A startup called Clearview AI has made that possible .
Perhaps the worst news is that the police state is already using this technology in some parts of the “ land of the free.
” The app is currently being used by hundreds of law enforcement agencies in the United States , including the deep state FBI , says a Saturday report in The New York Times .
Our Orwellian future has arrived .
We are to be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and have no privacy whatsoever at any time .
And now , other strangers will have access to your private information is you dare to show your face in public .
According to the Times , this human rights violating app works by comparing a photo snapped to a database of more than 3 billion pictures that Clearview says it ’ s scraped off Facebook , Venmo , YouTube and other sites .
It then serves up matches , along with links to the sites where those database photos originally appeared .
A @ @ @ @ @ @ @ from there , other info could be dug up online .
The size of the Clearview database dwarfs others in use by law enforcement .
The FBI ’ s own database , which taps passport and driver ’ s license photos , is one of the largest , with over 641 million images of US citizens .
The Clearview app isn ’ t currently available to the public , but the Times says police officers and Clearview investors think it will be in the future .
–CNET Even though law enforcement says they @ @ @ @ @ @ @ technology to solve horrible crimes , human rights advocates warn that the privacy violations are going to be immense .
Privacy advocates are warning that the app could return false matches to police and that it could also be used by stalkers and other creeps .
They ’ ve also warned that facial recognition technologies , in general , could be used to conduct mass surveillance .
Most facial recognition technology is already used for Orwellian and tyrannical purposes by the powers that shouldn ’ t be .
It should come as no @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by the ruling class to eliminate basic human rights .

By Mac Slavo
An app called Clearview allows the user to snap a photo of anyone. Once that’s done, the person who took your picture will have access to all of your information. Privacy is now all but obsolete.
People will not, for much longer, be able to walk down the street minding their own business anonymously. According to a report by The New York Times, it won’t be long before anyone at any time knows exactly who you are while you’re in public.
What if a stranger could snap your picture on the sidewalk then use an app to quickly discover your name, address and other details? A startup called Clearview AI has made that possible. Perhaps the worst news is that the police state is already using this technology in some parts of the “land of the free.” The app is currently being used by hundreds of law enforcement agencies in the United States, including the deep state FBI, says a Saturday report in The New York Times.
Our Orwellian future has arrived. We are to be tracked, monitored, spied on, and have no privacy whatsoever at any time. And now, other strangers will have access to your private information is you dare to show your face in public.
According to the Times, this human rights violating app works by comparing a photo snapped to a database of more than 3 billion pictures that Clearview says it’s scraped off Facebook, Venmo, YouTube and other sites. It then serves up matches, along with links to the sites where those database photos originally appeared. A name might easily be unearthed, and from there, other info could be dug up online.
The size of the Clearview database dwarfs others in use by law enforcement. The FBI’s own database, which taps passport and driver’s license photos, is one of the largest, with over 641 million images of US citizens. The Clearview app isn’t currently available to the public, but the Times says police officers and Clearview investors think it will be in the future. –CNET
Even though law enforcement says they’ve used the app’s technology to solve horrible crimes, human rights advocates warn that the privacy violations are going to be immense. Privacy advocates are warning that the app could return false matches to police and that it could also be used by stalkers and other creeps. They’ve also warned that facial recognition technologies, in general, could be used to conduct mass surveillance.
Most facial recognition technology is already used for Orwellian and tyrannical purposes by the powers that shouldn’t be. It should come as no surprise that this will also be used by the ruling class to eliminate basic human rights.
Article source: SHTFPlan.com
Image: EFF.org
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Author: Thanks for being a reader of this site. Your contributions make this all possible. You can send support to: Kyle Hunt, PO Box 1052, Sorrento FL 32776. Bitcoin address: 1AfppjYZddJzc2C15PXKMsnyBPjPJQezwA . CashApp: Thanks for being a reader of this site. Your contributions make this all possible. You can send support to: Kyle Hunt, PO Box 1052, Sorrento FL 32776. Bitcoin address: 1AfppjYZddJzc2C15PXKMsnyBPjPJQezwA . CashApp: https://cash.app/$thekylehunt