veteranstoday--2020-08-24--Whose interests is the US military serving in Syria?

How local Arab uprising in Northeast Syria may wipe US forces & their SDF proxies out of the region [ Editor ’ s Note : RT leads off this article stating that US personnel are being attacked by people inside Syria , when it is really a counter-attacking operation to prevent that part of Syria from permanent occupation by the US or its chosen proxies .
The tribal chief ’ s are not innocent in all this as they got conned by the US to side with it against Assad .
Usually a fair amount of money would have changed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ arrangement .
These tribal areas have long received an proportional share of oil revenues from their area , so it is not like Baghdad has been looting them .
The long history of Arabic tribal warfare has seen tribal alliances shifting as often as the sands .
But I am going to shift to a different issue woven into this nasty business .
And that is are we to continue respecting and honoring American servicemen pledged to defend our countries from all enemies when that is not what they are doing here ?
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ , arming and providing logistics supplies to secessionist , rebel groups inside a UN member state , is that defending American ?
And if we could show cases involved literally in transporting terrorist factions and providing them support to “ interfere in the affairs of another country ” , including stealing its oil , might they have become defacto-mercenaries for Deep State interests , but on the taxpayers tab ?
What has happened to America to have sat back and had a front row seat on all this and done really nothing to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , many have woken up to see that we have had a gangster cabal take over via the Trump regime , but failed to look at what other parts of the US government might have been taken over to serve the same gangster interests ?
There needs to be a major public discussion in the unpleasant subject , and now is a very good time .
Growing numbers of Americans beginning to realize that what lives they had planned to lead may never materialize for them .
I would say to them , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of what it feels like to be a Syrian under US sanctions when we have not had one terror attack attributed to Syria , or Iran doing this entire conflict .
And it is common knowledge that the US coalition has been totally on offense to Balkanize Syria to render the region a joint US-Israeli colony at the tune of $ 160 billion dollars , so said the former Qatar FM/PM on the Charlie Rose show years ago .
Thus ends my cherry missive for today… Jim W. Dean ] Jim 's Editor @ @ @ @ @ @ @ PayPal Jim 's work includes research , field trips , Heritage TV Legacy archiving & more .
Thanks for helping .
Click to donate > > In early August , the US base in the town of Ash Shaddadi , in Al-Hasakah province , was shelled by unknown militants , according to Al-Watan newspaper .
At the end of May , a military convoy of US troops and the Kurdish-dominated Syrian Democratic Forces ( SDF ) were reportedly attacked by unidentified fighters in Deir ez-Zor province .
A month earlier , on 20 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ destroyed in Al-Hasakah governorate .
“ The attacks against the illegal US presence in Syria were bound to happen after the US reversed its withdrawal plans ” , says Christopher Assad , a Canada-based political analyst of Syrian origin .
Despite Trump ’ s repeated pledges to pull out of the region , it appears that the US military has a different agenda than that of the administration and is marching to a different tune , the political analyst deems .
“ That much has become clear to the Syrians , Iraqis and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ago that the US may not withdraw as long as it controls the flow of stolen Syrian oil without military pressure ” , he notes .
The ambush strategy appears to be developed by Syrians , Iraqis and Iranians to augment the pressure on the US presence in Iraq and Syria , according to Assad , who adds that the general responsible for the development of the plan was most likely none other than Qasem Soleimani along with some of the Iraqi and Syrian tribal chiefs .
Soleimani , an Iranian major general @ @ @ @ @ @ @ IRGC ) and commander of the Quds Force , was killed in a targeted US drone strike on 3 January 2020 .
“ The effective strategy will remain in effect until the inevitable withdrawal of US troops from Syria and Iraq , precisely as Soleimani has envisaged , ” the political analyst believes .
According to him , Trump is by no means interested in increased casualties among the US military personnel stationed in Syria .
The unfolding events may facilitate the US pullout from the country , which would subsequently isolate the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ target for the Turkish occupation forces ” on the ground , the analyst envisages .
“ We will have a lot to say about that inevitable mini-war when we get there ” , he remarks .
The timing of these increased attacks , apparently launched by local Arab tribes in both Al-Hasakah and Deir ez-Zor provinces against the illegal US military occupation , follows two particular but related events , according to Mark Sleboda , a US military veteran and international affairs and security analyst .
“ First is the announcement that an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ company , Delta Crescent Energy LLC , has signed a deal with the US-backed Kurdish-led Autonomous Administration of Northeast Syria with White House blessing to develop and exploit Syria ’ s oil fields under their control ” , he says .
“ The US and their Kurdish proxies in east Syria currently hold over 90 % of Syria ’ s oil and half of its gas , as well as a majority of its fertile agricultural areas.
” The US military veteran notes that “ many of the local Arab tribes in east @ @ @ @ @ @ @ facto-Kurdish rule over Arab-majority areas , expressed outrage and unacceptance of this theft of Syria ’ s energy resources.
” “ Secondly , there are reports that following a meeting between the SDF commander and US forces with the leaders of the local Arab tribes over the issue , several of those tribal leaders who had objected to the oil deal and refused to engage with the Americans were assassinated ” , Sleboda points out .
Three sheikhs from Deir ez-Zor were killed in less than a week , he recollects : · @ @ @ @ @ @ @ al-Kassar from Al-Uqaydat was shot dead ; · on 31 July , Sheikh Suleiman Al-Weis from Al-Baqara was shot and killed in Al-Dahla ; · on 2 August , Sheikh Muttshar al-Hamoud al-Hifl was killed in the outskirts of Al-Hawayej with his relative Sheikh Ibrahim al-Hifl also being wounded in the incident .
On 11 August , sheikhs and elders of the Arab Al-Uqaydat tribe met in Deir ez-Zor , stating that the US-led coalition was responsible for murdering tribal sheikhs in the province .
They demanded that the region be cleared of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ returned to the Syrians .
“ Leave the Arab region to the Arabs ” , they highlighted .
Earlier , Syrian Arab tribes ’ representatives broke into the local SDF headquarters in the cities of Deir ez-Zor , Diban , and Al-Hawaij in the province of Deir ez-Zor .
“ The tribes now hold the US and SDF responsible for the assassinations , began forming a local ‘ army ’ of tribes to resist US-SDF occupation , seized back several villages , and issued a one month ultimatum for the US and SDF @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Sleboda notes .
According to the military analyst , this is extremely significant given that up until recently the Al-Uqaydat and Al-Baqara tribes had sided with the US and grudgingly worked with the SDF to hold east Syria against the Syrian government in Damascus .
He highlights that Al-Uqaydat , in particular , is the largest tribe in Deir ez-Zor and reportedly in all of Mesopotamia , with its members having a presence on both sides of the Syrian-Iraqi border .
“ This represents a sudden and complete local reversal in allegiance @ @ @ @ @ @ @ east Syria , from the US to Damascus ” , Sleboda suggests .
“ If this local Arab uprising continues , it has the potential to make the US-Kurdish SDF occupation of Arab-majority east Syria unfeasible with the current relatively light military footprint of only several thousand US troops.
“ These developments could leave the US with only two options : to either reinforce their occupation with a significantly larger military force capable of suppressing the local Arab population or withdraw entirely , according to the US veteran .
Why Al-Hasakah and Deir @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , the Syrian region in question appears to be of utmost importance to the US .
“ This territory encompasses nearly a third of Syria , over 185 thousand square kilometers , 90 % of the Syria ’ s oil , over 1/2 of its gas , its three largest electricity producing dams and its most fertile important agricultural territories ” , Sleboda explains .
“ This gives the US a stranglehold over Syria ’ s most important resources , preventing consolidation and rebuilding of the country , which it is now using @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Damascus by economic deprivation and blackmail .
The region of eastern Syria is also accessible and can be supplied and reinforced by US military bases in Iraq.
” The idea to occupy al-Hasakah and Deir ez-Zor was first voiced in a declassified 2012 Defence Intelligence Agency ’ s ( DIA ) report that envisaged the possibility of creating a “ Salafist principality ” in the provinces “ in order to isolate the Syrian regime ” , stressing that this was “ exactly what ” Western powers supporting the opposition wanted .
However , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ region is now held by the US-backed and Kurdish-dominated SDF .
“ The US government knew that their proxy war against the Syrian government , illegally arming , training , and salarying sectarian Islamist and jihadist militants for regime change would stretch the Syrian government ’ s forces thin and force them to consolidate to protect the coastal areas of the country where the majority of the population lives ” , the security analyst observes .
Sleboda further elaborates that the resulting power vacuum allowed ISIS [ ISIL/Daesh* ] to spread from western @ @ @ @ @ @ @ worked with the US-backed ‘ rebels ’ for a time , before seizing east Syria for themselves and declaring their Salafist caliphate .
“ This gave the US the pretext of ‘ fighting terrorism ’ that they needed to bomb , invade and eventually militarily occupy east Syria themselves , despite their ‘ assistance ’ not being wanted and refused by the sovereign government of Syria in Damascus ” , he underscores .
Besides this aim , many American neocons believe that their control of east Syria may somehow weaken the Iranian influence @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the so-called Shia Crescent .
However , that ’ s not the case , according to Sleboda .
According to the military veteran , the US can occupy east Syria almost indefinitely – as they did in Afghanistan and Iraq – unless the economic and political cost in American lives leads to sufficient political outrage at home .
The weak point here is that the US has failed to topple the Syrian government in Damascus and install their own compliant puppet regime akin to those in Baghdad and Kabul , Sleboda remarks , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that this can not happen .
“ As a result , local resistance and the resulting cost will inevitably be higher ” , he opines .
“ Hopefully that will make the period of US military occupation shorter.
” *Daesh ( ISIS/ISIL/Islamic State ) is a terrorist organisation banned in Russia and many other countries .

How local Arab uprising in Northeast Syria may wipe US forces & their SDF
Proxies out of the Region
…from Sputnik News, Moscow
[ Editor’s Note: RT leads off this article stating that US personnel are being attacked by people inside Syria, when it is really a counter-attacking operation to prevent that part of Syria from permanent occupation by the US or its chosen proxies.
The tribal chiefs are not innocent in all this, as they got conned by the US to side with it against Assad. Usually, a fair amount of money would have changed hands to grease the skids on the arrangement.
These tribal areas have long received a proportional share of oil revenues from their area, so it is not like Baghdad has been looting them. The long history of Arabic tribal warfare has seen tribal alliances shifting as often as the sands.
But I am going to shift to a different issue woven into this nasty business. And that is are we to continue respecting and honoring American servicemen pledged to defend our countries from all enemies, when that is not what they are doing here?
When US troops are engaged in training, arming and providing logistics supplies to secessionist, rebel groups inside a UN member state, is that defending America?
If we could showcase involved in transporting terrorist factions and providing them support to “interfere in the affairs of another country”, including stealing its oil, might they have become de facto mercenaries for Deep State interests but on the taxpayers’ tab?
What has happened to America to have sat back and had a front-row seat on all this and done really nothing to oppose it politically or morally? Yes, many have woken up to see that we have had a gangster cabal take over via the Trump regime, but failed to look at what other parts of the US government might have been taken over to serve the same gangster interests.
There needs to be a major public discussion on the unpleasant subject and now is a good time. Growing numbers of Americans are beginning to realize that the lifestyle they had planned to have may never materialize for them.
I would say to them, “Welcome to just a little bit of what it feels like to be a Syrian under US sanctions when we have not had one terror attack attributed to Syria or Iran during this entire conflict.
It is common knowledge that the US coalition has been on offense to Balkanize Syria to render the region a joint US-Israeli colony to the tune of $160 billion dollars, so said the former Qatar FM/PM on the Charlie Rose show years ago. Thus ends my cheery missive for today… Jim W. Dean ]
Jim's Editor’s Notes are solely crowdfunded via PayPal
Jim's work includes research, field trips, Heritage TV Legacy archiving & more. Thanks for helping. Click to donate >>
– First published … August 24, 2020 –
US bases and personnel have been increasingly attacked by unidentified actors in Syria over the past several months. Political analyst Christopher Assad and US military veteran Mark Sleboda have shed light on the trouble brewing for US occupation forces in the northeastern Syrian provinces of Al-Hasakah and Deir ez-Zor.
In early August, the US base in the town of Ash Shaddadi, in Al-Hasakah province, was shelled by unknown militants, according to Al-Watan newspaper. At the end of May, a military convoy of US troops and the Kurdish-dominated Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) were reportedly attacked by unidentified fighters in Deir ez-Zor province. A month earlier, on 20 April, a US military vehicle was destroyed in Al-Hasakah governorate.
Qasem Soleimani’s Strategy?
“The attacks against the illegal US presence in Syria were bound to happen after the US reversed its withdrawal plans”, says Christopher Assad, a Canada-based political analyst of Syrian origin.
Despite Trump’s repeated pledges to pull out of the region, it appears that the US military has a different agenda than that of the administration and is marching to a different tune, the political analyst deems. “That much has become clear to the Syrians, Iraqis and Iranians, which have determined three years ago that the US may not withdraw as long as it controls the flow of stolen Syrian oil without military pressure”, he notes.
The ambush strategy appears to be developed by Syrians, Iraqis and Iranians to augment the pressure on the US presence in Iraq and Syria, according to Assad, who adds that the general responsible for the development of the plan was most likely none other than Qasem Soleimani along with some of the Iraqi and Syrian tribal chiefs.
Soleimani, an Iranian major general in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and commander of the Quds Force, was killed in a targeted US drone strike on 3 January 2020.
“The effective strategy will remain in effect until the inevitable withdrawal of US troops from Syria and Iraq, precisely as Soleimani has envisaged,” the political analyst believes.
According to him, Trump is by no means interested in increased casualties among the US military personnel stationed in Syria. The unfolding events may facilitate the US pullout from the country, which would subsequently isolate the SDF and “make them an easy target for the Turkish occupation forces” on the ground, the analyst envisages.
“We will have a lot to say about that inevitable mini-war when we get there”, he remarks.
Two Events Leading to Tribal Uprising
The timing of these increased attacks, apparently launched by local Arab tribes in both Al-Hasakah and Deir ez-Zor provinces against the illegal US military occupation, follows two particular but related events, according to Mark Sleboda, a US military veteran and international affairs and security analyst.
“First is the announcement that an, until now, unknown US oil company, Delta Crescent Energy LLC, has signed a deal with the US-backed Kurdish-led Autonomous Administration of Northeast Syria with White House blessing to develop and exploit Syria’s oil fields under their control”, he says. “The US and their Kurdish proxies in east Syria currently hold over 90% of Syria’s oil and half of its gas, as well as a majority of its fertile agricultural areas.”
The US military veteran notes that “many of the local Arab tribes in east Syria, already resentful of US-backed de facto-Kurdish rule over Arab-majority areas, expressed outrage and unacceptance of this theft of Syria’s energy resources.”
“Secondly, there are reports that following a meeting between the SDF commander and US forces with the leaders of the local Arab tribes over the issue, several of those tribal leaders who had objected to the oil deal and refused to engage with the Americans were assassinated”, Sleboda points out.
Three sheikhs from Deir ez-Zor were killed in less than a week, he recollects:
· on 30 July, Sheikh Suleiman Khalaf al-Kassar from Al-Uqaydat was shot dead;
· on 31 July, Sheikh Suleiman Al-Weis from Al-Baqara was shot and killed in Al-Dahla;
· on 2 August, Sheikh Muttshar al-Hamoud al-Hifl was killed in the outskirts of Al-Hawayej with his relative Sheikh Ibrahim al-Hifl also being wounded in the incident.
On 11 August, sheikhs and elders of the Arab Al-Uqaydat tribe met in Deir ez-Zor, stating that the US-led coalition was responsible for murdering tribal sheikhs in the province. They demanded that the region be cleared of the SDF, with local control being returned to the Syrians.
“Leave the Arab region to the Arabs”, they highlighted. Earlier, Syrian Arab tribes’ representatives broke into the local SDF headquarters in the cities of Deir ez-Zor, Diban, and Al-Hawaij in the province of Deir ez-Zor.
“The tribes now hold the US and SDF responsible for the assassinations, began forming a local ‘army’ of tribes to resist US-SDF occupation, seized back several villages, and issued a one month ultimatum for the US and SDF forces to leave their region entirely”, Sleboda notes.
According to the military analyst, this is extremely significant given that up until recently the Al-Uqaydat and Al-Baqara tribes had sided with the US and grudgingly worked with the SDF to hold east Syria against the Syrian government in Damascus.
He highlights that Al-Uqaydat, in particular, is the largest tribe in Deir ez-Zor and reportedly in all of Mesopotamia, with its members having a presence on both sides of the Syrian-Iraqi border.
“This represents a sudden and complete local reversal in allegiance for the most significant Arab tribes in east Syria, from the US to Damascus”, Sleboda suggests. “If this local Arab uprising continues, it has the potential to make the US-Kurdish SDF occupation of Arab-majority east Syria unfeasible with the current relatively light military footprint of only several thousand US troops.“


veteranstoday--2020-08-24--Sources: US-Israel May Have Used Low Dose Sarin Gas to Boost New York’s Massive COVID Death Toll

VT : Low dosage Sarin gas was tested on the New York subway system more than a decade ago .
People got sick .
We believe that test and others along with studies listed below and information from Senate hearings provides sufficient backdrop to support what everyone is coming to see .
It isn ’ t just Italy , New York is an epicenter too and it isn ’ t simply CV 19 but chemical weapons that mimic the disease , according to highest level intelligence sources .
Defense experts are seeing a targeted biowar on China , Italy , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the US .
We will now discuss our findings .
In advanced nations , the overall death rate compared to those identified as infected averages under 1 % .
In Italy and Iran the rate is many times that and the reasons given are fake .
Both nations have very advanced medical capability .
Then we look at Spain , China ’ s best friend in Europe and , of course , China .
Moreover , reporting on CV19 includes concocted conspiracies that trace to Israeli intelligence and the CIA , spread @ @ @ @ @ @ @ impossibly absurd and hide a multifaceted operation thoroughly evidence in US Army studies on bio-warfare that our sources say are in motion now .
The US has been relocating Global Hawk aircraft to Sicily , ostensibly to be used to spy on Russia through missions over the Black Sea .
However , other missions have been flown , Northern Italy , or across Northern Iran .
We know the US and Israel have developed the capability of dropping microdrones , with a self destruct capability that can spread diseases like SARS , Swine @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Flu and crop diseases .
We also have evidence such devices have been used against China on 6 or more occasions .
We now have a new and far more sinister report .
We have a report from Russian intelligence that says the US is using low dose Sarin gas to mimic pandemic diseases .
They say they have evidence that in Iran and Italy sarin gas in extremely small concentrations have been in the food , water and environment in minuscule concentrations .
These concentrations cause , over a two week period @ @ @ @ @ @ @ respiratory disorder .
Larger concentrations cause heart disease and mimic heart failure .
Starting in 1996 and then ramping up to an extreme level in 2006 , the US financed studies on various nerve agents and halucogens which could be dropped by drones , now by micro-drones such as Israel has developed .
Parallel studies were made on crop diseases but most included diseases that could move from livestock to humans , giving a ‘ cover and deception ’ cause that could be explained away through controlled press assets , which means ‘ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ add that we have found extensive CIA and Mossad/Shen Bet complicity in media manipulation .
Worse is the recent , March 19 , 2020 , piece by Mitch Prothero in Business Insider .
Prothero is a “ go to ” guy for reliable propaganda from the CIA .
and Business Insider regularly launders CIA promoted conspiracy theories to the “ unwashed.
” It is , in fact , one of their most successful operations .
The article we refer to is an attempt to “ close the barn door after the horse has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ’ s bioweapons/Sarin lab in Tbilisi , Georgia that has been busted time and time again for leaking Swine Flu into the community near the facility and making Sarin gas to be used in Syria .
Here ’ s another one worse than the others , check the bio of the author , a food service worker .
The site was 2 years of short posts on prison reform , 50 words or so , then this showed up , which ended up on Trump ’ s desk as a manifesto for his @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and Technical Exploration into the Origins of the Wuhan Strain of Coronavirus ( COVID-19 ) An investigative team from VT/New Eastern Outlook and Russia24 not only got plans for the weapons facility but was eventually allowed in to film .
The result was devastating to the US bio-war capability in the region which has since recovered .
We also know the CIA has repeatedly tested both chemical and biological weapons , often in New York City , on the subway , according to a New York Times article that covers the Senate hearings @ @ @ @ @ @ @ also know the CIA tested low dose Sarin gas on the New York Subway in 2008 , releasing gas at the Bowling Green station near midnight , along with other stations that were “ end of the line.
” Some dropped immediately , others struggled up the steps and recovered in minutes while some suffered longterm illness ( perhaps worse ) .
This program , documented by the Senate , was the precursor to the CV 19 augmentation exercises , Italy , Spain , Iran and China .
Greece may well soon be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ analysis and the pattern we have seen thus far .
We might also add that medical evidence from Italy and China shows far too many patients that don ’ t respond to treatments , far too many anecdotal deaths , than fall within baseline parameters for typical respiratory patients .
Someone will write a paper on this if not “ accidented ” first .
The nerve agents are a group of particularly toxic chemical warfare agents .
They were developed just before and during World War II and are related chemically to the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ this group are : The “ G ” agents tend to be non-persistent whereas the “ V ” agents are persistent .
Some “ G ” agents may be thickened with various substances in order to increase their persistence , and therefore the total amount penetrating intact skin .
At room temperature GB is a comparatively volatile liquid and therefore non-persistent .
GD is also significantly volatile , as is GA though to a lesser extent .
VX is a relatively non-volatile liquid and therefore persistent .
It is regarded as presenting little @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
In the pure state nerve agents are colorless and mobile liquids .
In an impure state nerve agents may be encountered as yellowish to brown liquids .
Some nerve agents have a faint fruity odor .
In 1996 , a US Army study examined the question : Are there observable long-term health effects associated with exposure to Sarin ( GB ) and mustard at concentrations below that needed to cause acute signs , symptoms , or injury ?
Here are the findings of that study ( emphasis added ) : GB is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ as isopropyl methyl phosphonofluoridate .
It is a colorless and odorless liquid when pure ; the vapor is also colorless .
GB evaporates at approximately the same rate as water .
Like other nerve agents ( soman , tabun , VX ) , GB is a highly toxic organophosphate which irreversibly binds to acetylcholinesterase .
As a result , acetylcholine accumulates at neuromuscular junctions and causes a loss of function at these junctions .
This interferes with the fundamental mechanism required for the normal function of the central nervous system and the peripheral @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of a nerve impulse .
While the great majority of effects are due to the anticholinesterase actions of GB , not all effects are related to this characteristic .
Marrs , Maynard , and Sidell ( 1996 ) categorize the signs and symptoms of GB intoxication into three groups , muscarinic , nicotinic and central .
The muscarinic signs and symptoms result from increased activity of the parasympathetic system and include miosis , dim vision , salivation , bradycardia , lacrimation , abdominal cramps , diarrhea and rhinorrhea .
Nicotinic effects include pallor @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and weakness .
Central nervous system effects include headache , anxiety , difficulty concentrating , restlessness , confusion , convulsions , and respiratory depression or paralysis , which can lead to death .
Signs and symptoms can be observed regardless of exposure route , but the intensity and sequence is influenced by the route of exposure .
Skin exposure may cause localized sweating and fasciculations first .
Vapor exposure where the eyes and respiratory tract may come into contact with GB first , may result in miosis , rhinorrhea , and tightness of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ result in symptoms faster than skin exposure .
During vapor exposure studies and unintentional vapor exposures , the first signs and symptoms are usually miosis , rhinorrhea and/or chest tightness ( Sidell , 1992 ) .
In fact , early studies often defined an individual as “ exposed ” when that person had at least one of these symptoms .
Persons in the same area , without any health complaints , were not considered exposed or “ hit.
” This is the first of a multitude of methodologic problems related to the question @ @ @ @ @ @ @ clinical signs or symptoms would be studied and documented .
Anyone else , even if they were in the same area , would not be considered exposed and would not be examined .
The amount of GB necessary to cause initial clinical signs and symptoms is debatable , but has been estimated to be approximately 2-3 mg-min/m3 .
This is known as the Ct , or the concentration of agent vapor in air as milligrams per cubic meter times the time of exposure in minutes ( Sidell , 1992 ) .
McKee and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ single exposure to a Ct of 3.3 mg-min/m3 ( for 40 minutes ) is the minimal dosage necessary to produce effects in men .
However , they also state that chemical analysis of the agent indicated that the concentration actually given was approximately 75 % of the intended dose , therefore the Ct would actually be approximately 2.5 mg-min/m3 .
When the exposure time was reduced by 50 % ( 20 minutes , Ct approximately 1.2 mg-min/m3 ) , a single dose did not produce symptoms , but the same report indicated that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 1 minute ) also caused detectable symptoms .
It appears that a single exposure of man to a very small amount of GB will produce observable acute signs and/or symptoms .
It is also important to note that an exposure with a Ct derived over a longer period of time ( e.g .
240 minutes vs 20 minutes ) will cause fewer or less severe signs and symptoms since there is some detoxification that occurs during the longer period of exposure .
As will be described below , there are essentially no controlled @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to doses calculated to avoid symptoms and where these men were followed over extended periods of time .
Several studies utilizing doses that did cause acute symptoms , several unintentional high level exposure investigations , and animal studies can be used to make general suggestions regarding the long-term health risks associated with low-level exposure to GB .
So , in 1996 , there was no data on low-dose exposure to Sarin , therefore studies would need to be conducted to gather such data .
The US Army came to the same conclusion ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ GB is a highly toxic organophosphate nerve agent that can cause mild , reversible signs and symptoms at low doses , and death at doses that are not too much greater .
There is no scientific information that directly answers the entire question : Are there observable long-term health effects associated with exposure to Sarin ( GB ) at concentrations below that needed to cause acute signs , symptoms , or injury ?
Extrapolation from a variety of sources , not designed to answer this particular question , was utilized .
Some studies @ @ @ @ @ @ @ effect at higher doses than that of concern to this question .
These provide confidence that there is no increased specific health risk at the low doses under question .
GB does not have carcinogenic or mutagenic properties .
While the teratology literature is less clear , it appears that GB is not a teratogen .
Therefore , no increase in birth defects or cancer would be expected from low-dose , short duration exposure to GB .
Follow-up of a cohort of men exposed to GB found no significant increase in hospitalizations , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ other measured end point .
There remains some question as to the validity of concerns regarding changes in EEG patterns long after GB exposure .
Also , it is unclear what such changes really mean regarding the function of the soldier if those long-term EEG changes actually occur .
It is prudent to suggest that further research into the long-term effects of low dose GB exposure ( including doses that do not result in acute signs or symptoms ) on the EEG of primates be undertaken .
There is no scientific information that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ there observable long-term health effects associated with exposure to Sarin ( GB ) at concentrations below that needed to cause acute signs , symptoms , or injury ?
They don ’ t know what the effects of low-dosage sarin exposure are .
It is prudent to suggest that further research into the long-term effects of low dose GB exposure ( including doses that do not result in acute signs or symptoms ) on the EEG of primates be undertaken .
So they recommend carrying out studies .
The Army unit responsible for such @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Ground in Maryland : United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense ( USAMRICD ) the nation ’ s leading science and technology laboratory in the area of medical chemical countermeasures research and development .
With sophisticated laboratories located at Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland , USAMRICD manages a diversified portfolio of medical chemical warfare agent research projects for the Department of Defense and other Federal Agencies .
The USAMRICD did indeed carry out a study into low-dose Sarin exposure and published the results in 2006 : This project assessed the effects @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to the organophosphorus nerve agent sarin .
Animals were injected once a day , 5 days per week ( Monday-Friday ) , for 2 weeks with fractions ( 0.3x , 0.4x , 0.5x , or 0.6x ) of the established LD ( 50 ) dose of sarin ( 42 microg/kg , s.c. ) .
The animals were assessed for changes in body weight , red blood cell ( RBC ) acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) levels , neurobehavioral reactions to a functional observational battery ( FOB ) , cortical electroencephalographic ( EEG ) power @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) neurotransmitter ( NT ) regulation over the 2 weeks of sarin exposure and for up to 12 days postinjection .
No guinea pig receiving 0.3 , 0.4 or 0.5 x LD ( 50 ) of sarin showed signs of cortical EEG seizures despite decreases in RBC AChE levels to as low as 10 % of baseline , while seizures were evident in animals receiving 0.6 x LD ( 50 ) of sarin as early as the second day ; subsequent injections led to incapacitation and death .
Animals receiving 0.5 x LD @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of cholinergic toxicity ; overall , 2 of 13 animals receiving 0.5 x LD ( 50 ) sarin died before all 10 injections were given , and there was a significant increase in the angle of gait in the animals that lived .
By the 10th day of injection , the animals receiving saline were significantly easier to remove from their cages and handle and significantly less responsive to an approaching pencil and touch on the rump in comparison with the first day of testing .
In contrast , the animals receiving 0.4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to show any significant reductions in their responses to an approaching pencil and a touch on the rump as compared with the first day .
The 0.5 x LD ( 50 ) sarin animals also failed to show any significant changes to the approach and touch responses and did not adjust to handling or removal from the cage from the first day of injections to the last day of handling .
Thus , the guinea pigs receiving the 0.4 and 0.5 x LD ( 50 ) doses of sarin failed to habituate to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ analysis of EEG data suggested that repeated sarin exposure may disrupt normal sleeping patterns ( i.e.
, lower frequency bandwidths ) .
While these EEG changes returned to relative normalcy 6 days after the last injection in animals receiving 0.4 x LD ( 50 ) sarin , these changes were still observed in the animals that received 0.5 x LD ( 50 ) sarin .
Ten to twelve days after the last sarin injection ( in 0.4 x LD ( 50 ) group only ) , neurochemical data showed that striatal choline levels @ @ @ @ @ @ @ group .
At this time , atropine sulfate ( 5 mg/kg , i.p . )
challenge resulted in a transient elevation in striatal ACh levels in animals exposed to repeated 0.4 x LD ( 50 ) sarin as well as in control animals .
No evidence of brain or heart pathology was found in any guinea pig that survived all 10 sarin injections .
The sequence of symptoms varies with the route of exposure .
While respiratory symptoms are generally the first to appear after inhalation of nerve agent vapor , gastrointestinal symptoms @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Tightness in the chest is an early local symptom of respiratory exposure .
This symptom progressively increases as the nerve agent is absorbed into the systemic circulation , whatever the route of exposure .
Following comparable degrees of exposure , respiratory manifestations are most severe after inhalation , and gastrointestinal symptoms may be most severe after ingestion .
Naval Air Station Sigonella , just outside Catania on the Italian island of Sicily .
It is a 1,000km 2 hour flight to Milan for a Global Hawk drone flying from Sigonella Northrop Grumman RQ-4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ service with the US Air Force in September 2013 .
This latest variant of the drone has synthetic-aperture radar and ground-moving target indicators .
Five of these unmanned craft are based at Sigonella .
The Five RQ-4D drones based at Sigonella became operation at the end of 2019 with the NATO AGS ( Alliance Ground Surveillance ) .
He said that his unit , the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick , had received assignments to crew e exotic weanonry .
Most of the assignments came from the Army , mainly the Special @ @ @ @ @ @ @ recalled one request from the C.I.A .
to develop a hand‐held dart gun that could shoot a poison dart into a dog without leaving a trace .

VT: Low dosage Sarin gas was tested on the New York subway system more than a decade ago. People got sick. We believe that the test and others along with studies listed below and information from Senate hearings provide sufficient backdrop to support what everyone is coming to see.
Data on tests inside the US has crept to the surface from time to time, but, during the Cold War, every imaginable disease, human or plant, every fungus, rust, virus or bacteria that could cripple the economies of nations like China, Russia, Cuba, Syria, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Vietnam..
Oh, how about Agent Orange and 1 million dead Americans, even more than that murdered with COVID…and millions more Vietnamese who are still dying to this day.
Some of that information that doesn’t exist and off course none of the things we deserve to see on a war waged against the world, using biological and chemical warfare not just for globalism and politics but out of worship of cruelty itself.
From SOTT 2016:
Monday morning, scientists working for the Department of Homeland Security will begin releasing (nontoxic) gases and particles on crowded subway platforms, beginning a week-long airflow study aimed at measuring the impact of a nightmarish chemical or biological terrorist attack.
It’s not the first such study — most recently the NYPD gassed the subway system in 2013 (also nontoxic) — but this is the first large-scale use of particles, in addition to gases. While gas tests help scientists, counter-terrorism specialists, and emergency responders understand the impact of chemical weapons like sarin gas or mustard gas, the particle test will measure the fallout from aerosol-dispensed biological agents like anthrax or ricin.
Every day this week, particles will be released from machines at busy stations like Grand Central, Times Square, 34th St. – Penn Station. Special machines and filters on platforms and subway cars will gather the particles. Researchers working throughout the system will also wear small patches designed to collect them.
The Department of Homeland Security, along with a MTA and a slew of other agencies, assured New Yorkers that neither the gases nor the particles are a health risk. The study won’t significantly increase the level of particle matter wafting through the air, in part, because New York City subway stations are already brimming with particulate. In fact, as the project’s assessment report noted, the levels of steel, manganese, and chromium in the subway system are 100 times higher than outdoors.
This report is from the Murdoch/Fox owned New York Post:
A declassified FBI report from the Baltimore field office dated Aug. 25, 1950 provides some tantalizing support for the claim. “The BW [biological weapon] experiments to be conducted by representatives of the Department of the Army in the New York Subway System in September 1950, have been indefinitely postponed,” states the memo, a copy of which the author provided to The Post
An Olson colleague, Dr. Henry Eigelsbach, confirmed to Albarelli that the LSD subway test did, in fact, occur in November 1950, albeit on a smaller scale than first planned. Little, however, is known about the test — what line, how many people and what happened.
The purported experiment occurred nearly a year before a more infamous August 1951 incident in the small town of Pont St. Esprit, in the south of France, when the citizens were hit by a case of mass insanity.
Over a two-day period, some 250 residents sought hospital care after hallucinating for no apparent reason. Thirty-two patients were hauled off to mental asylums. Four died. Mercury poisoning or ergot, a fungus of rye bread, was cited as the culprit. But ergot is also one of the central ingredient of LSD. And curiously enough, Olson and his government pals were in France when the craziness erupted.
This is from Business Insider, 2015:
On June 6, 1966, a group of US Army scientists made their way into the Seventh and Eighth Avenue lines of the New York City subway. Some carried air sampling machines in boxes and on belts; others carried light bulbs.
The light bulbs were packed with about 175 grams of Bacillus subtilis bacteria, then known as Bacillus globigii — approximately 87 trillion organisms in each. The plan was to shatter them and then use the sampling machines to see how they spread through the subway tunnels and trains.
This test was one of at least 239 experiments conducted by the military in a 20-year “germ warfare testing program” that went on from 1949 to 1969. These experiments that used bacteria to simulate biological weapons were conducted on civilians without their knowledge or consent. That stands in direct violation of the Nuremberg Code, which stipulates that “voluntary, informed consent” is required for research participants.
Is All COVID real COVID?
Nobody is dying in Vietnam. Dozens of other nations whose population resembles the US in many ways are having no pandemic. Does this suggest targeting or does it suggest something more sinister, that the inexplicable array of wildly divergent COVID symptoms may be “wall paper” disguising something else?
This story is from August 2020:
It isn’t just Italy, New York is an epicenter too and it isn’t simply CV 19 but chemical weapons that mimic the disease, according to highest level intelligence sources.
Defense experts are seeing a targeted biowar on China, Italy, Spain, Iran and left-leaning political regions of the US. We will now discuss our findings.
In advanced nations, the overall death rate compared to those identified as infected averages under 1%. In Italy and Iran, the rate is many times that and the reasons are given are fake. Both nations have very advanced medical capabilities.
Then we look at Spain, China’s best friend in Europe and, of course, China.
Moreover, reporting on CV19 includes concocted conspiracies that trace to Israeli intelligence and the CIA, spread by Trump and Pompeo, which are impossibly absurd and hide a multifaceted operation thoroughly evidence in US Army studies on bio-warfare that our sources say are in motion now.
https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/ohat/sarin/sarin_draft20181219_508.pdf
The US has been relocating Global Hawk aircraft to Sicily, ostensibly to be used to spy on Russia through missions over the Black Sea. However, other missions have been flown, Northern Italy, or across Northern Iran. We know the US and Israel have developed the capability of dropping microdrones, with a self-destruct capability that can spread diseases like SARS, Swine Flu and the various strains of Bird Flu and crop diseases. We also have evidence such devices have been used against China on 6 or more occasions. We now have a new and far more sinister report.
We have a report from Russian intelligence that says the US is using low dose Sarin gas to mimic pandemic diseases. They say they have evidence that in Iran and Italy sarin gas in extremely small concentrations has been in the food, water, and environment in minuscule concentrations.
These concentrations cause, over a two week period, the onset of pneumonia and a respiratory disorder. Larger concentrations cause heart disease and mimic heart failure.
Starting in 1996 and then ramping up to an extreme level in 2006, the US-financed studies on various nerve agents and hallucinogens which could be dropped by drones, now by micro-drones such as Israel has developed.
Parallel studies were made on crop diseases but most included diseases that could move from livestock to humans, giving a ‘cover and deception’ cause that could be explained away through controlled press assets, which means ‘all of them.’
We will also add that we have found extensive CIA and Mossad/Shen Bet complicity in media manipulation. Worse is the recent, March 19, 2020, piece by Mitch Prothero in Business Insider. Prothero is a “go-to” guy for reliable propaganda from the CIA.
Mitch Prothero
and Business Insider regularly launders CIA promoted conspiracy theories to the “unwashed.” It is, in fact, one of their most successful operations. The article we refer to is an attempt to “close the barn door after the horse has run off” scheme involving the CIA’s bioweapons/Sarin lab in Tbilisi, Georgia that has been busted time and time again for leaking Swine Flu into the community near the facility and making Sarin gas to be used in Syria.
For years, Russia targeted conspiracy theories at a US-funded lab on the frontline of coronavirus testing
Here’s another one worse than the others, check the bio of the author, a food service worker. The site was 2 years of short posts on prison reform, 50 words or so, then this showed up, which ended up on Trump’s desk as a manifesto for his blame China policy. Ultra-curious:
Logistical and Technical Exploration into the Origins of the Wuhan Strain of Coronavirus (COVID-19)
An investigative team from VT/New Eastern Outlook and Russia24 not only got plans for the weapons facility but was eventually allowed in to film. The result was devastating to the US bio-war capability in the region which has since recovered.
Richard E. Lugar: Body of Evidence Suggests New US Biological Warfront Opening
US-funded “Disinformation Oversight” of Bio Weapons Prevention Programmes in Georgia
We also know the CIA has repeatedly tested both chemical and biological weapons, often in New York City, on the subway, according to a New York Times article that covers the Senate hearings on this. (below/archival)
We also know the CIA tested low dose Sarin gas on the New York Subway in 2008, releasing gas at the Bowling Green station near midnight, along with other stations that were “end of the line.” Some dropped immediately, others struggled up the steps and recovered in minutes while some suffered long-term illness (perhaps worse).
This program, documented by the Senate, was the precursor to the CV 19 augmentation exercises, Italy, Spain, Iran, and China. Greece may well soon be targeted as well, based on geopolitical analysis and the pattern we have seen thus far.
We might also add that medical evidence from Italy and China shows far too many patients that don’t respond to treatments, far too many anecdotal deaths, then fall within baseline parameters for typical respiratory patients.
Someone will write a paper on this if not “accidented” first.
We begin:
Nerve Agents
The nerve agents are a group of, particularly toxic chemical warfare agents. They were developed just before and during World War II and are related chemically to the organophosphorus insecticides. The principal agents in this group are:
GA – tabun GB – sarin GD – soman GF – cyclosarin VX – methylphosphonothioic acid
The “G” agents tend to be non-persistent whereas the “V” agents are persistent. Some “G” agents may be thickened with various substances in order to increase their persistence, and therefore the total amount penetrating intact skin.
At room temperature, GB is a comparatively volatile liquid and therefore non-persistent. GD is also significantly volatile, as is GA though to a lesser extent. VX is a relatively non-volatile liquid and therefore persistent. It is regarded as presenting little vapor hazard to people exposed to it. In the pure state nerve agents are colorless and mobile liquids. In an impure state nerve agents may be encountered as yellowish to brown liquids. Some nerve agents have a faint fruity odor.
In 1996, a US Army study examined the question:
Are there observable long-term health effects associated with exposure to Sarin (GB) and mustard at concentrations below that needed to cause acute signs, symptoms, or injury?
Here are the findings of that study (emphasis added):
FINDINGS
SARIN (GB)
GB is a nerve agent and is chemically known as isopropyl methyl phosphonofluoridate. It is a colorless and odorless liquid when pure; the vapor is also colorless. GB evaporates at approximately the same rate as water. Like other nerve agents (soman, tabun, VX), GB is a highly toxic organophosphate that irreversibly binds to acetylcholinesterase. As a result, acetylcholine accumulates at neuromuscular junctions and causes a loss of function at these junctions. This interferes with the fundamental mechanism required for the normal function of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, that is, the transmission of a nerve impulse. While the great majority of effects are due to the anticholinesterase actions of GB, not all effects are related to this characteristic.
Marrs, Maynard, and Sidell (1996) categorize the signs and symptoms of GB intoxication into three groups, muscarinic, nicotinic and central. The muscarinic signs and symptoms result from increased activity of the parasympathetic system and include miosis, dim vision, salivation, bradycardia, lacrimation, abdominal cramps, diarrhea and rhinorrhea. Nicotinic effects include pallor, tachycardia , hypertension, muscle fasciculation and weakness. Central nervous system effects include headache, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, confusion, convulsions, and respiratory depression or paralysis, which can lead to death.
Signs and symptoms can be observed regardless of exposure route, but the intensity and sequence is influenced by the route of exposure. Skin exposure may cause localized sweating and fasciculations first. Vapor exposure where the eyes and respiratory tract may come into contact with GB first, may result in miosis, rhinorrhea, and tightness of chest first. Respiratory exposure appears to result in symptoms faster than skin exposure.
During vapor exposure studies and unintentional vapor exposures, the first signs and symptoms are usually miosis, rhinorrhea and/or chest tightness (Sidell, 1992). In fact, early studies often defined an individual as “exposed” when that person had at least one of these symptoms. Persons in the same area, without any health complaints, were not considered exposed or “hit.” This is the first of a multitude of methodologic problems related to the question at hand. Only those who had clinical signs or symptoms would be studied and documented. Anyone else, even if they were in the same area, would not be considered exposed and would not be examined.
The amount of GB necessary to cause initial clinical signs and symptoms is debatable but has been estimated to be approximately 2-3 mg-min/m3. This is known as the Ct, or the concentration of agent vapor in air as milligrams per cubic meter times the time of exposure in minutes (Sidell, 1992). McKee and Woolcott (1949) report that a single exposure to a Ct of 3.3 mg-min/m3 (for 40 minutes) is the minimum dosage necessary to produce effects in men. However, they also state that chemical analysis of the agent indicated that the concentration actually given was approximately 75% of the intended dose, therefore the Ct would actually be approximately 2.5 mg-min/m3. When the exposure time was reduced by 50% (20 minutes, Ct approximately 1.2 mg-min/m3), a single dose did not produce symptoms, but the same report indicated that exposure to a Ct of 0.6mg-min/m3 (1 minute) also caused detectable symptoms. It appears that a single exposure of man to a very small amount of GB will produce observable acute signs and/or symptoms. It is also important to note that exposure with a Ct derived over a longer period of time (e.g. 240 minutes vs 20 minutes) will cause fewer or less severe signs and symptoms since there is some detoxification that occurs during the long period of exposure.
As will be described below, there are essentially no controlled human studies in which men were exposed to doses calculated to avoid symptoms and where these men were followed over extended periods of time. Several studies utilizing doses that did cause acute symptoms, several unintentional high-level exposure investigations, and animal studies can be used to make general suggestions regarding the long-term health risks associated with low-level exposure to GB.
So, in 1996, there was no data on low-dose exposure to Sarin, therefore studies would need to be conducted to gather such data. The US Army came to the same conclusion (emphasis added):
Conclusions
Sarin, or GB is a highly toxic organophosphate nerve agent that can cause mild, reversible signs and symptoms at low doses, and death at doses that are not too much greater. There is no scientific information that directly answers the entire question: Are there observable long-term health effects associated with exposure to Sarin (GB) at concentrations below that needed to cause acute signs, symptoms, or injury? Extrapolation from a variety of sources, not designed to answer this particular question, was utilized. Some studies are clearly negative for a particular health effect at higher doses than that of concern to this question. These provide confidence that there is no increased specific health risk at the low doses under question.
GB does not have carcinogenic or mutagenic properties. While the teratology literature is less clear, it appears that GB is not a teratogen. Therefore, no increase in birth defects or cancer would be expected from low-dose, short-duration exposure to GB. A follow-up of a cohort of men exposed to GB found no significant increase in hospitalizations, reported health problems, mortality, or another measured endpoint.
There remains some question as to the validity of concerns regarding changes in EEG patterns long after GB exposure. Also, it is unclear what such changes really mean regarding the function of the soldier if those long-term EEG changes actually occur.
It is prudent to suggest that further research into the long-term effects of low dose GB exposure (including doses that do not result in acute signs or symptoms) on the EEG of primates be undertaken.
The two key sentences:
There is no scientific information that directly answers the entire question: Are there observable long-term health effects associated with exposure to Sarin (GB) at concentrations below that needed to cause acute signs, symptoms, or injury?
They don’t know what the effects of low-dosage sarin exposure are.
It is prudent to suggest that further research into the long-term effects of low dose GB exposure (including doses that do not result in acute signs or symptoms) on the EEG of primates be undertaken.
So they recommend carrying out studies.
The Army unit responsible for such studies is based at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland:
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) the nation’s leading science and technology laboratory in the area of medical chemical countermeasures research and development. With sophisticated laboratories located at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USAMRICD manages a diversified portfolio of medical chemical warfare agent research projects for the Department of Defense and other Federal Agencies.
The USAMRICD did indeed carry out a study into low-dose Sarin exposure and published the results in 2006: The effects of repeated low-dose sarin exposure
2006 Sep 1;215(2):119-34. Epub 2006 Mar 23.
The effects of repeated low-dose sarin exposure.
Shih TM*, Hulet SW, McDonough JH.
Author information
Pharmacology Branch, Research Division, U.S Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA. tsungming.a.shih@us.army.mil
Abstract
This project assessed the effects of repeated low-dose exposure of guinea pigs to the organophosphorus nerve agent sarin. Animals were injected once a day, 5 days per week (Monday-Friday), for 2 weeks with fractions (0.3x, 0.4x, 0.5x, or 0.6x) of the established LD(50) dose of sarin (42 microg/kg, s.c.). The animals were assessed for changes in body weight, red blood cell (RBC) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels, neurobehavioral reactions to a functional observational battery (FOB), cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectrum, and intrinsic acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter (NT) regulation over the 2 weeks of sarin exposure and for up to 12 days postinjection. No guinea pig receiving 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 x LD(50) of sarin showed signs of cortical EEG seizures despite decreases in RBC AChE levels to as low as 10% of baseline, while seizures were evident in animals receiving 0.6 x LD(50) of sarin as early as the second day; subsequent injections led to incapacitation and death. Animals receiving 0.5 x LD(50) sarin showed obvious signs of cholinergic toxicity; overall, 2 of 13 animals receiving 0.5 x LD(50) sarin died before all 10 injections were given, and there was a significant increase in the angle of gait in the animals that lived. By the 10th day of injection, the animals receiving saline were significantly easier to remove from their cages and handle and significantly less responsive to an approaching pencil and touch on the rump in comparison with the first day of testing. In contrast, the animals receiving 0.4 x LD(50) sarin failed to show any significant reductions in their responses to an approaching pencil and a touch on the rump as compared with the first day. The 0.5 x LD(50) sarin animals also failed to show any significant changes to the approach and touch responses and did not adjust to handling or removal from the cage from the first day of injections to the last day of handling. Thus, the guinea pigs receiving the 0.4 and 0.5 x LD(50) doses of sarin failed to habituate to some aspects of neurobehavioral testing. Spectral analysis of EEG data suggested that repeated sarin exposure may disrupt normal sleeping patterns (i.e., lower frequency bandwidths). While these EEG changes returned to relative normalcy 6 days after the last injection in animals receiving 0.4 x LD(50) sarin, these changes were still observed in the animals that received 0.5 x LD(50) sarin. Ten to twelve days after the last sarin injection (in 0.4 x LD(50) group only), neurochemical data showed that striatal choline levels were reduced in comparison to the saline group. At this time, atropine sulfate (5 mg/kg, i.p.) challenge resulted in a transient elevation in striatal ACh levels in animals exposed to repeated 0.4 x LD(50) sarin as well as in control animals. No evidence of brain or heart pathology was found in any guinea pig that survived all 10 sarin injections.
PMID: 16556454
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.02.003
The sequence of symptoms varies with the route of exposure. While respiratory symptoms are generally the first to appear after inhalation of nerve agent vapor, gastrointestinal symptoms are usually the first after ingestion. Tightness in the chest is an early local symptom of respiratory exposure. This symptom progressively increases as the nerve agent is absorbed into the systemic circulation, whatever the route of exposure. Following comparable degrees of exposure, respiratory manifestations are most severe after inhalation, and gastrointestinal symptoms may be most severe after ingestion.
Naval Air Station Sigonella, just outside Catania on the Italian island of Sicily.
It is a 1,000km 2-hour flight to Milan for a Global Hawk drone flying from Sigonella
Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Block 40 Global Hawk, which entered service with the US Air Force in September 2013. This latest variant of the drone has synthetic-aperture radar and ground moving target indicators. Five of this unmanned craft are based at Sigonella.
New NATO surveillance drones bet on Italian safety ruling
The Five RQ-4D drones based at Sigonella became operational at the end of 2019 with the NATO AGS (Alliance Ground Surveillance).
WASHINGTON, Sept. 18 (2016)—Army scientists secretly spread simulated biological poison on two subway lines in Manhattan in the mid-nineteen-sixties to test the vulnerability of the New York subway system to a biological warfare attack, a Department of Defense engineer testified today.
Charles Senseney, a project engineer who developed weapons such as an electric poison dart gun and a system to spread biological poison from a fluorescent bulb, told the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence that he took part in the New York “vulnerability study” as one of many such efforts aimed at testing the dangers of biological warfare.
His account provided the first substantial details of the subway project, which was disclosed Tuesday in testimony and documents submitted to the Senate panel by William E. Colby, the Director of Central Intelligence.
Mr. Senseney said the studies. conducted by the staff of the Army laboratories at Fort Detrick, Md., had been performed on behalf of the Army and the Central Intelligence Agency. They included tests at the White House, the Pentagon, a Food and Drug Administration building in Washington, and McGuire Air Force Base in New Jersey.
In a meeting with reporters after today’s hearing, Mr. Senseney gave this account of the New York City subway experiments:
Possibly in 1966 or 1967, Mr. Senseney and 20 other Fort Detrick employees were sent to New York for the two‐week test. The “operator” of the test threw “bulbs” of a simulated biological poison on the tracks of two subway lines. He said he believed, but could not be sure, they were the Sixth and Eighth Avenue lines in Manhattan.
The bulbs burst and the wind of the passing subway trains spread the simulated poison along the tracks. He said that in the short time it took for two trains to pass the simulated poison was spread from 15th Street to 58th Street.
Mr. Senseney’s conclusion, which appeared to be the conclusion of the experiment, was that the subway system could “not be safeguarded against” this type of attack. If the attack was carried out during rush hours, he said, it would “put New York out of commission.”
Mr. Senseney said his role in the experiment was as a “sampler.” He and part of the team rode the subways with a sampling device t,o test the spread of the simulated poison. His was kept on his belt with the appearance of a photographic‐light meter, he said.
City Officials Not Told
He said the other detection devices had been hidden in pocketbooks and other camouflages so the subway passengers would not know what was being done. He said that to his knowledge — and Senate committee documents appear to confirm this —neither the New York City government nor the Transit Authority officials were aware that such a test was being conducted.
He said that the stimulant, which he declined to identify. was harmless. Several biologists, however, said it was impossible to tell if the simulant was entirely harmless without knowing what it was.
Mr. Senseney said that “depending on the agent” used, someone who wanted to attack the subways could either introduce material to kill large numbers of the passengers or make them ill. He said the tests were conducted between rush hours, but that a real attempt to disable the city would call for an attack during rush hours.
Mr. Senseney said the New York project was part of a broader effort to discover how vulnerable the United States was to germ warfare, stretching from the early nineteen‐sixties.
He knew of, but did not participate directly in, tests at the White House, Mr. Senseney said. He added that the White House experiment had revealed that the building had faulty air filters that made it extremely vulnerable to a biological attack,
Dye In Water System
Mr. Senseney confirmed under questioning by Senator Gary Hart, Democrat of Colorado, that the Fort Detrick labs had secretly placed a colored dye into the water system of a Washington building used by the Food and Drug Administration to test how fast the occupants could be killed or incapacitated by introducing a biological agent into the water system. Mr. Senseney said he had developed a special drill that allowed the dye to be punched into a water pipe without leakage or change in the water pressure.
Mr. Senseney said that his specialty at the Fort Detrick laboratories was making “hardware” devices to deliver poisons and biological agents.
He said he developed the “M‐1” dart gun system, an apparatus for firing poison darts. The electric dart gun shown by the C.I.A. at Tuesday’s hearing was one of the guns developed as a by‐product of this system, Mr. Senseney said.
He said that his unit, the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, had received assignments to crew e exotic weaponry. Most of the assignments came from the Army, mainly the Special Forces, he said, though he recalled one request from the C.I.A. to develop a hand‐held dart gun that could shoot a poison dart into a dog without leaving a trace.
Use in Asia Reported
Authoritative intelligence sources said that poison darts had been used operationally in Asia to “incapacitate” guard dogs at installations the C.I.A. wanted to enter surreptitiously. The poison did not kill the dogs, these sources said; instead, it put them out for several hours but left no trace so that examination would not reveal the dogs had been out of action.
Mr. Senseney said that the agency had asked for about 50 of these weapons and that he believed the agency had used them operationally. On several occasions, he said, he delivered the weapons to agency officials and they were returned six or seven weeks expended.
“We didn’t get any feedback [from the agency] so you didn’t know whether the device worked or not,” Mr. Senseney said.
Under questioning by Senator Walter Huddleston, Democrat of Kentucky, Mr. Senseney acknowledged that the system could have been used to kill human beings and he could not rule out the possibility that this had been done.
He said he had developed darts that would go through clothing and enter human beings without a trace. He said that one device had been developed for the Vietnam war hut had not been put into production quickly enough to be utilized.
Too ‘Exotic’ For Use
Mr. Serneney said he had also developed dart launchers that appeared to be walking canes and umbrellas, as well as a device that fitted into a fluorescent bulb and spread a biological poison when the light was switched on. Later, he told newsmen it could easily “take out” more than 100 newsmen and staff members as well as policemen, Senators and the public.
Mr. Senseney was called to testify in the committee’s continuing inquiry into why the C.I.A. failed to comply with the 1969 Presidential order to destroy biochemical weapons.
According to witnesses over the last three days, the agency discovered earlier this year about 11 grams of a lethal shellfish toxin in a storeroom at one of its Washington laboratories. This material should have a beer. destroyed under the conditions of a Presidential order framed in November 1969, and sent to Federal agencies in February 1970.
Dr. Nathan Gordon, the agency official in charge of the poison, testified that he decided to move the toxin from Fort Detrick to the agency lab in 1970 after receiving a call from Mr. Senseney offering the stockpile to him.
Mr. Senseney denied today that he ever made such a call. He said he did not know why the toxin was not destroyed but said he presumed it was because the agency wanted it retained.
Discrepancy Found
It was still unclear after today’s session why 11 grams was on hand in 1975 because the inventories made in 1970 indicated that the agency had a stockpile of only 5.9 grams.
Senator Richard S. Scheweicher, Republican of Pennsylvania, has suggested by his questioning that other Federal agencies may have surreptitiously avoided the Presidential order by sending their supplies of the toxin to the C.I.A.
The committee will continue the investigation, its chairman, Senator Frank Church, Democrat of Idaho, said.


veteranstoday--2020-08-25--Devastating/Blockbuster: Michael Cohen’s GOP Campaign Ad

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"Michael Cohen Blackmails Falwell to Get Critical 2016 Support for Trump; Falwell Continues to Blame Wife for Everything"
There. I have fixed the headline for everyone. https://t.co/fa04lRXazt
— Amee Vanderpool (@girlsreallyrule) August 25, 2020


veteranstoday--2020-08-25--Fossil Equivalent of Nesting Dolls

Fossil Equivalent of Nesting Dolls

Carol graduated from Riverside White Cross School of Nursing in Columbus , Ohio and received her diploma as a registered @ @ @ @ @ Green State University where she received a Bachelor of Arts Degree in History and Literature @ @ @ @ @ of Toledo , College of Nursing , and received a Master ’ s of Nursing @ @ @ @ @ has traveled extensively , is a photographer , and writes on medical issues .
Carol @ @ @ @ @ Katherine , and Stephen – two daughters-in-law ; Suzy and Katie – two granddaughters ; @ @ @ @ @ – and one grandson , Alexander Paul .
She also shares her life with husband @ @ @ @ @ , and two rescue pups .

Carol graduated from Riverside White Cross School of Nursing in Columbus, Ohio and received her diploma as a registered nurse. She attended Bowling Green State University where she received a Bachelor of Arts Degree in History and Literature. She attended the University of Toledo, College of Nursing, and received a Master’s of Nursing Science Degree as an Educator.
She has traveled extensively, is a photographer, and writes on medical issues. Carol has three children RJ, Katherine, and Stephen – one daughter-in-law; Katie – two granddaughters; Isabella Marianna and Zoe Olivia – and one grandson, Alexander Paul. She also shares her life with her husband Gordon Duff, many cats, and two rescues.


veteranstoday--2020-08-25--Coronavirus a Second Time? This is Turning Into a Crapshoot

Hong Kong reports Reinfection of COVID-19 for 33 year old Health Editor ’ s Note : Hong Kong has announced that they have a confirmed case of a 33 year-old who has been diagnosed with COVID-19 for the second time .
Clinicians have been wary that a coronavirus infection will give someone immunity to fight of subsequent coronavirus infections .
Those who test positive for COVID-19 , and have no actual symptoms , seem to have a very short-lived immunity to coronavirus .
Interestingly this second infection is of a different genetic make-up of than the first infection and with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ has had no symptoms .
Interesting fact is that this person had been to Spain , going through Britain on August 15 before testing positive yet again , as if once being COVID-19 positive is not enough…..Carol ATTENTION READERS Due to the nature of independent content , VT can not guarantee content validity .
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