veteranstoday--2020-04-02--What caused the Black Death?

What caused the Black Death?

For the whole of the 20th century it was believed that the Black Death and all the plagues of Europe ( 1347–1670 ) were epidemics of bubonic plague .
This review presents evidence that this view is incorrect and that the disease was a viral haemorrhagic fever , characterised by a long incubation period of 32 days , which allowed it to be spread widely even with the limited transport of the Middle Ages .
It is suggested that haemorrhagic plague emerged from its animal host in Ethiopia and struck repeatedly at European/Asian civilisations , before appearing as the Black @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 1347 in the port of Messina in Sicily the Great Pestilence ( or Black Death as it was named in 1823 because of the black blotches caused by subcutaneous haemorrhages that appeared on the skin of victims ) was recognised as a directly infectious disease .
Michael of Piazza , a Franciscan friar who wrote 10 years after the Black Death had arrived , said “ The infection spread to everyone who had any intercourse with the disease ” .1 Indeed , they believed ( incorrectly ) that priests who heard the confessions @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by death , so that some even remained in the rooms of the dying.
” 1 Case mortality was 100 % .
They realised that safety lay in fleeing but this , very effectively , served only to spread the infection .
The Black Death moved as a wave northwards through Europe at an average speed of about 4 km per day and reached the Arctic Circle by 1350 , remarkable progress in the days of very limited means of transport.2–4 Even more impressively : it had earlier appeared in Asia Minor and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ; it was present in the Levant and spread along the north African coastlands and to Mecca in Saudi Arabia , covering , in all , some seven million square km .
When it had burnt itself out , 40 % of the population of Europe had been killed .
This outbreak was a pandemic on a scale never before experienced ( or since ) .
But this unknown disease had not disappeared completely and there were epidemics scattered through Europe during the 1350s.5 Thereafter , the plague was permanently established in France @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the main trading routes .
From there , infected travellers carried the disease by road and river across the continental landmass and by sea to Britain and Ireland .
But all these peripheral epidemics died out completely and were restarted by fresh infectives coming from the focus in France.4 The epidemics progressively increased in spread , frequency , and ferocity ( fig 1 ) with a pronounced rise after 1550 because transport improved and the population of the towns steadily grew ( that is , there was a greater number of susceptibles ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , and mortality all confirm that the same pathogen was responsible for all the plagues , including the first strike of the Black Death .
Number of places in Europe reporting a plague epidemic , 1350–1670 .
Note the increased frequency after 1550 .
Data from Biraben.5 Even in the 14th century the health authorities in northern Italy had established the importance of a 40 day quarantine period , which became the gold standard for continental Europe for the next 300 years .
The 40 day quarantine was not adopted in England until @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was changed to 30 days only to find that this was completely ineffective , whereupon this regulation was speedily rescinded .
The complete success of the quarantine period confirms that the plague was a directly infectious disease and it also shows that it had a long incubation period .
Towns in France gradually realised that the danger lay in the arrival of an infected traveller who may well have come from a considerable distance .
Entry was denied if they had come from a town that had suffered an epidemic .
Later , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , the authorities also required proof that all the towns through which they had journeyed were completely free of plague .
Once an epidemic had erupted , those displaying symptoms were removed to emergency primitive isolation hospitals called pest ( an abbreviation of pestilence ) houses , which were hurriedly erected outside the town .
Once a plague case had been identified , the family was locked up in the house , the well known cross was daubed on the door , and a watchman was appointed to stand guard .
These measures @ @ @ @ @ @ @ because , as shown below , victims were more infectious before the appearance of the symptoms .
Despite only sketchy medical knowledge at the time , the epidemiology of the plague was fully understood at least by the middle of the 17th century .
Daniel Defoe6 had perspicaciously noted that , in the Great Plague of London in 1665 , “ because of its infectious nature , the disease may be spread by apparently healthy people who harbour the disease but have not yet exhibited the symptoms .
Such a person was in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ perhaps for a week or a fortnight before his death , who might have ruined those that he would have hazarded his life to save… breathing death upon them , even perhaps his tender kissing and embracings of his own children.
” Clearly , they recognised that victims were infectious before the symptoms appeared , the lengthy duration of the incubation period , the necessity of a 40 day quarantine , and the dangers of droplet infection .
But there were many features of the epidemics that were mystifying and they also clung @ @ @ @ @ @ @ transmission via contaminated clothing and bedding , movements of the planets , and poisonous miasmas .
Even before 1347 , bubonic plague had been grumbling along for centuries in Asia with occasional severe epidemics .
But from the mid-19th century the disease gathered momentum and erupted in Canton and Hong Kong in 1894 , Calcutta in 1895 , and Bombay in 1896 and the pandemic of the 20th century had begun .
Steamships carried infected rats and fleas from the infested warehouses of the Chinese ports to many of the warmer parts of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ could be found .
But endemic bubonic plague never became established in Europe , despite numerous introductions in the 20th century .
The complex aetiology and biology of bubonic plague was elucidated by Yersin7 and the Plague Commission of India8 : it is a disease of wild rodents in which the bacterial pathogen , Yersinia pestis , is spread by infected fleas .
Occasionally today it is transmitted to humans from peridomestic rats and there are some 1600 cases a year.9 The characteristic ( but not specific ) symptom of bubonic plague in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
However , once Yersin had announced his seminal results , it was realised that victims of haemorrhagic plague also sometimes presented with swollen lymph glands .
It was , apparently , immediately assumed that the Black Death was caused by bubonic plague .
Nobody compared the two diseases objectively and for the whole of the 20th century this view , based solely on the appearance of one symptom , was universally accepted without question .
To be able to refute unequivocally the belief that Yersinia pestis was the pathogen of the Black @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the complicated biology of bubonic plague .
The key lies in the difference between susceptible and resistant rodent species .
Susceptible species , like rats , die from the infection and an outbreak of human bubonic plague was often presaged by the appearance of hundreds of dead rats .
Obviously , no outbreak can be maintained for any length of time and bubonic plague can not become endemic where all the local species are susceptible .
In central Colorado an isolated colony of prairie dogs ( Cynomys gunnisoni ) was wiped out when @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Mongolia , for example , susliks and tarabagans are susceptible and subject to recurrent , short term outbreaks that might eventually eliminate the plague focus through lack of hosts ; but the local gerbils and voles are more resistant to Y pestis and so they can serve to maintain the endemic state in the area because they do not die from an infection.10 In warm climates , rodents breed throughout the year and may produce up to nine litters .
In this way , the density of a population of rodents living under @ @ @ @ @ @ @ bubonic plague can occur at any time of year .
The turnover of a rodent population in a subtropical area can be very high : as fast as they breed , infections ( including Yersinia ) and predators act to reduce their numbers .
This process generates regular cycles in the population of rodents and prevents the establishment of a stable , plague resistant population .
Therefore , any focus of bubonic plague in rodents in subtropical climates is in a continual state of population flux .
The spread of bubonic plague through @ @ @ @ @ @ @ active fleas .
At least 30 species of flea have been proved to be vectors and , as more than 200 species of rodent can carry plague , the host-vector permutations in the Asian subcontinent are formidable and the population dynamics complex.3,10 Flea reproduction is strongly dependent on environmental and other factors : temperature and humidity greatly affect both egg laying and the development of the larvae .
Temperatures between 18°C and 27°C and a relative humidity of 70 % are ideal , whereas temperatures below 7°C are deleterious to all developmental stages @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the rats , the resistant rodents , and the susceptible rodents each need specific conditions for the successful completion of their life cycle and the overall maintenance of their populations .
All are potentially capable of prodigious reproduction .
These life cycles and the environmental requirements for reproduction have to intermesh successfully if an infection of Yersinia pestis is to be established in rodents .
The dynamics of bubonic plague are complicated but rodents usually keep within their home range and the disease spreads only slowly through the countryside.3,10 Patients with bubonic plague @ @ @ @ @ @ @ infected flea , are not normally infectious to other people and can be nursed in open wards .
Notably , the incubation period is typically two to six days after exposure and the characteristic symptom is the bubo .
Typically the onset is sudden with chills and rigors and a rise of temperature to 38.8°C–39.4°C .
The patient has a severe , splitting headache and often pains in the limbs , the back , and abdomen .
They become confused , restless , irritable or apathetic , their speech slurred , and they @ @ @ @ @ @ @ two the person is prostrate with all the symptoms of shock .
Most patients die between the third and sixth day : if they are alive on the seventh day they may struggle through to recovery.10 However , in about 5 % of the cases of bubonic plague the Yersinia reaches the lungs and the patient coughs out the bacteria in the sputum , which may be inhaled by anyone in close contact who then gets pneumonic plague .
The victim dies between the third and sixth day and , without medical treatment @ @ @ @ @ @ @ plague can not occur in the absence of the bubonic form , not can it persist independently .
While pneumonic plague increased the mortality locally in an epidemic focus , it was rarely responsible for spreading Yersinia pestis over any distance—mortally sick people were unable to move very far in the few days before death .
Furthermore , transmissibility of pneumonic plague is low : the average number of secondary cases per primary case ( R ) based on past outbreaks was only 1.3.11 We believe that the Black Death was caused by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ bubonic plague and , to avoid confusion , have named it haemorrhagic plague .
Case mortality was 100 % and the disease was directly infectious .
In the Plague of Athens , victims were stricken suddenly with severe headaches , inflamed eyes , and bleeding in their mouths and throats .
The next symptoms were coughing , sneezing , and chest pains followed by stomach cramps , intensive vomiting and diarrhoea , and unquenchable thirst .
The skin was flushed , livid , and broken with small blisters and open sores .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ they could not tolerate being covered , choosing rather to go naked .
Their desire was to cast themselves into cold water , and many of those who were unsupervised did throw themselves into public cisterns , consumed as they were by unceasing thirst .
Many became delirious.3 In the Black Death , prolonged bleeding from the nose and vomiting blood was regarded as a fatal prognostic.1 Some of the earliest signs were blisters ( the “ blains ” ) or carbuncles on the skin and these were followed by the buboes .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Papal Court at Avignon during the Black Death , saw clearly that the buboes were by no means an invariable symptom and that the mortality was of two types .
One died from the first in three days .
The second presented with apostumes and carbuncles on the external parts , principally on the armpits and groin and , from this , the victim died in five days.2 But the most feared signs were the haemorrhagic spots ( God ’ s tokens ) , which varied in size and colour and could occur @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , back , and thighs were the most common site .
Necropsies showed general necrosis of the internal organs .
The unpublished mathematical model of the epidemics of directly infectious diseases developed by Reed and Frost21 may be summarised as follows .
In a closed population of size N within which people intermingle fairly uniformly , it is assumed that , in a certain period of time t , every person will have about the same number of contacts with other individuals , K. If t is made equal to the serial generation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ period will then be infectious during the next .
The probability of an adequate contact between any two given individuals during time t will be will be the probability of any given person avoiding adequate contact with any other given person during time t. Thus , the population is at any time , t , composed of cases , C , and susceptibles , S , and the probability of any given person avoiding contact with any of the cases will be q and , with all the C cases , will be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ having at least one adequate contact with any of the cases will be In the next time period ( t+1 ) , the number of contacts between cases and susceptibles is given by Computer modelling of Reed and Frost dynamics shows that the duration of an epidemic is strongly dependent on the serial generation time of the disease.4 The epidemic at Newcastle ( fig 2 ) suggests a long serial generation time of 22 days and a low R of 3 .
These conclusions are illustrated in figure 3 , which shows the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ incubation period = 2–3 days ) and a hypothetical plague ( incubation period = 32 days ) , with R standardised at 3 .
N = 1200 .
Computer modelling of epidemics of influenza ( incubation period = 2–3 days ) and a plague ( incubation period = 32 days ) in the same community , with R standardised at 3 .
N = 1200 .
During the Black Death in 1348 there was evidence of a few people who were resistant to the disease .
For example , a monk who was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , having nursed and buried his fellow inmates .
By the 17th century , inspection of the burials registers of London suggests that the percentage of the resident population showing resistance had risen considerably , with the greatest mortality among naive immigrant apprentices and maidservants from the provinces.4 Current studies in molecular biology throw light on this phenomenon .
The transmembrane CCR5 chemokine receptor is used by HIV strains to enter cells of the immune system.22–24 The CCR5-Δ32 deletion prevents the expression of the receptor and provides almost complete resistance to HIV-1 infection @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the heterozygous state.25–29 The average frequency of the CCR5-Δ32 deletion allele is estimated at 10 % in European populations , but is virtually absent among native sub-Sahara African , Asian , and American Indian populations25,29–31—that is , the CCR5-Δ32 mutation is found today only in the area that was once ravaged by plague .
The age of the CCR5-Δ32 bearing haplotype has been computed to be about 700 years old ( but with a wide range of 275–1875 years ) and it has been suggested that it was driven upwards to the present @ @ @ @ @ @ @ % by a historic , strongly selective event , probably an enormous mortality mediated by a widespread epidemic of a pathogen that , like HIV-1 , utilised CCR5 for entry into lymphoid cells.30 The Black Death is an excellent candidate for such a catastrophic event30 but this single pandemic would have raised the frequency of the mutation from the estimated value of 5×10−5 to only , at most , 10−4 .
Rather , we suggest that the virus of haemorrhagic plague used the CCR5 receptor as a means of entry and that the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ acted as a strong selection pressure that drove up the frequency of the mutation to present day values in Europe of 10−1 .
Recent research has shown that Yersinia pestis , the bacterium of bubonic plague , can not enter via the CCR5 receptor.17

C J Duncan, S Scott
For the whole of the 20th century it was believed that the Black Death and all the plagues of Europe (1347–1670) were epidemics of bubonic plague. This review presents evidence that this view is incorrect and that the disease was a viral haemorrhagic fever, characterised by a long incubation period of 32 days, which allowed it to be spread widely even with the limited transport of the Middle Ages. It is suggested that haemorrhagic plague emerged from its animal host in Ethiopia and struck repeatedly at European/Asian civilisations, before appearing as the Black Death.
Immediately on its arrival in 1347 in the port of Messina in Sicily the Great Pestilence (or Black Death as it was named in 1823 because of the black blotches caused by subcutaneous haemorrhages that appeared on the skin of victims) was recognised as a directly infectious disease. Michael of Piazza, a Franciscan friar who wrote 10 years after the Black Death had arrived, said “The infection spread to everyone who had any intercourse with the disease”.1 Indeed, they believed (incorrectly) that priests who heard the confessions of the dying “were immediately overcome by death, so that some even remained in the rooms of the dying.”1 Case mortality was 100%. They realised that safety lay in fleeing but this, very effectively, served only to spread the infection.
The Black Death moved as a wave northwards through Europe at an average speed of about 4 km per day and reached the Arctic Circle by 1350, remarkable progress in the days of very limited means of transport.2–4 Even more impressively: it had earlier appeared in Asia Minor and the Crimea and moved south through Antioch; it was present in the Levant and spread along the north African coastlands and to Mecca in Saudi Arabia, covering, in all, some seven million square km. When it had burnt itself out, 40% of the population of Europe had been killed. This outbreak was a pandemic on a scale never before experienced (or since).
But this unknown disease had not disappeared completely and there were epidemics scattered through Europe during the 1350s.5 Thereafter, the plague was permanently established in France with epidemics every year that cycled round the main trading routes. From there, infected travellers carried the disease by road and river across the continental landmass and by sea to Britain and Ireland. But all these peripheral epidemics died out completely and were restarted by fresh infectives coming from the focus in France.4 The epidemics progressively increased in spread, frequency, and ferocity (fig 1) with a pronounced rise after 1550 because transport improved and the population of the towns steadily grew (that is, there was a greater number of susceptibles). Contemporary accounts, pattern of spread, and mortality all confirm that the same pathogen was responsible for all the plagues, including the first strike of the Black Death. Figure 1 Number of places in Europe reporting a plague epidemic, 1350–1670. Note the increased frequency after 1550. Data from Biraben.5
PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES Even in the 14th century the health authorities in northern Italy had established the importance of a 40 day quarantine period, which became the gold standard for continental Europe for the next 300 years. The 40 day quarantine was not adopted in England until the 16th century and even then it was changed to 30 days only to find that this was completely ineffective, whereupon this regulation was speedily rescinded. The complete success of the quarantine period confirms that the plague was a directly infectious disease and it also shows that it had a long incubation period. Towns in France gradually realised that the danger lay in the arrival of an infected traveller who may well have come from a considerable distance. Entry was denied if they had come from a town that had suffered an epidemic. Later, in addition to inspecting travellers on arrival, the authorities also required proof that all the towns through which they had journeyed were completely free of plague. Once an epidemic had erupted, those displaying symptoms were removed to emergency primitive isolation hospitals called pest (an abbreviation of pestilence) houses, which were hurriedly erected outside the town. Once a plague case had been identified, the family was locked up in the house, the well known cross was daubed on the door, and a watchman was appointed to stand guard. These measures were less successful in containing an epidemic because, as shown below, victims were more infectious before the appearance of the symptoms. Despite only sketchy medical knowledge at the time, the epidemiology of the plague was fully understood at least by the middle of the 17th century. Daniel Defoe6 had perspicaciously noted that, in the Great Plague of London in 1665, “because of its infectious nature, the disease may be spread by apparently healthy people who harbour the disease but have not yet exhibited the symptoms. Such a person was in fact a poisoner, a walking destroyer perhaps for a week or a fortnight before his death, who might have ruined those that he would have hazarded his life to save… breathing death upon them, even perhaps his tender kissing and embracings of his own children.” Clearly, they recognised that victims were infectious before the symptoms appeared, the lengthy duration of the incubation period, the necessity of a 40 day quarantine, and the dangers of droplet infection. But there were many features of the epidemics that were mystifying and they also clung to their beliefs in divine intervention, transmission via contaminated clothing and bedding, movements of the planets, and poisonous miasmas.
YERSINIA PESTIS AND BUBONIC PLAGUE Even before 1347, bubonic plague had been grumbling along for centuries in Asia with occasional severe epidemics. But from the mid-19th century the disease gathered momentum and erupted in Canton and Hong Kong in 1894, Calcutta in 1895, and Bombay in 1896 and the pandemic of the 20th century had begun. Steamships carried infected rats and fleas from the infested warehouses of the Chinese ports to many of the warmer parts of the world, wherever suitable rodent hosts could be found. But endemic bubonic plague never became established in Europe, despite numerous introductions in the 20th century. The complex aetiology and biology of bubonic plague was elucidated by Yersin7 and the Plague Commission of India8: it is a disease of wild rodents in which the bacterial pathogen, Yersinia pestis, is spread by infected fleas. Occasionally today it is transmitted to humans from peridomestic rats and there are some 1600 cases a year.9 The characteristic (but not specific) symptom of bubonic plague in humans is the appearance of the bubo. However, once Yersin had announced his seminal results, it was realised that victims of haemorrhagic plague also sometimes presented with swollen lymph glands. It was, apparently, immediately assumed that the Black Death was caused by bubonic plague. Nobody compared the two diseases objectively and for the whole of the 20th century this view, based solely on the appearance of one symptom, was universally accepted without question.
THE BIOLOGY OF BUBONIC PLAGUE To be able to refute unequivocally the belief that Yersinia pestis was the pathogen of the Black Death it is necessary to understand fully the complicated biology of bubonic plague. The key lies in the difference between susceptible and resistant rodent species. Susceptible species, like rats, die from the infection and an outbreak of human bubonic plague was often presaged by the appearance of hundreds of dead rats. Obviously, no outbreak can be maintained for any length of time and bubonic plague cannot become endemic where all the local species are susceptible. In central Colorado an isolated colony of prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) was wiped out when Yersinia pestis was introduced.10 In Siberia and Mongolia, for example, susliks and tarabagans are susceptible and subject to recurrent, short term outbreaks that might eventually eliminate the plague focus through lack of hosts; but the local gerbils and voles are more resistant to Y pestis and so they can serve to maintain the endemic state in the area because they do not die from an infection.10 In warm climates, rodents breed throughout the year and may produce up to nine litters. In this way, the density of a population of rodents living under favourable conditions increases rapidly and outbreaks of bubonic plague can occur at any time of year. The turnover of a rodent population in a subtropical area can be very high: as fast as they breed, infections (including Yersinia) and predators act to reduce their numbers. This process generates regular cycles in the population of rodents and prevents the establishment of a stable, plague resistant population. Therefore, any focus of bubonic plague in rodents in subtropical climates is in a continual state of population flux. The spread of bubonic plague through a rodent population is critically dependent on active fleas. At least 30 species of flea have been proved to be vectors and, as more than 200 species of rodent can carry plague, the host-vector permutations in the Asian subcontinent are formidable and the population dynamics complex.3,10 Flea reproduction is strongly dependent on environmental and other factors: temperature and humidity greatly affect both egg laying and the development of the larvae. Temperatures between 18°C and 27°C and a relative humidity of 70% are ideal, whereas temperatures below 7°C are deleterious to all developmental stages except the adult. The fleas, the rats, the resistant rodents, and the susceptible rodents each need specific conditions for the successful completion of their life cycle and the overall maintenance of their populations. All are potentially capable of prodigious reproduction. These life cycles and the environmental requirements for reproduction have to intermesh successfully if an infection of Yersinia pestis is to be established in rodents. The dynamics of bubonic plague are complicated but rodents usually keep within their home range and the disease spreads only slowly through the countryside.3,10
SPREAD OF BUBONIC PLAGUE TO HUMANS If an infected wild rodent strays near human habitations and then shares its fleas with rats living around the settlement, Yersinia can spread from rodent to rat, and from rat to man. The rat is just an intermediary and is not a reservoir of bubonic plague: its role is to die and then pass on the infection. A number of dead rats will usually be found during an outbreak of bubonic plague in humans: in a small village perhaps just a few; in a large South African township perhaps many barrow loads. There are several other ways in which Yersinia pestis can spread from a focus among local rodents to humans: when humans go out and invade an area where the rodents are infected—for example when hunting or picnicking—they may catch bubonic plague directly from the fleas living on the wild rodents.10
MANIFESTATIONS OF BUBONIC PLAGUE IN HUMANS Patients with bubonic plague, who have been bitten by an infected flea, are not normally infectious to other people and can be nursed in open wards. Notably, the incubation period is typically two to six days after exposure and the characteristic symptom is the bubo. Typically the onset is sudden with chills and rigors and a rise of temperature to 38.8°C–39.4°C. The patient has a severe, splitting headache and often pains in the limbs, the back, and abdomen. They become confused, restless, irritable or apathetic, their speech slurred, and they may vomit. Within a day or two the person is prostrate with all the symptoms of shock. Most patients die between the third and sixth day: if they are alive on the seventh day they may struggle through to recovery.10 However, in about 5% of the cases of bubonic plague the Yersinia reaches the lungs and the patient coughs out the bacteria in the sputum, which may be inhaled by anyone in close contact who then gets pneumonic plague. The victim dies between the third and sixth day and, without medical treatment, pneumonic plague is invariably fatal.10 Pneumonic plague cannot occur in the absence of the bubonic form, not can it persist independently. While pneumonic plague increased the mortality locally in an epidemic focus, it was rarely responsible for spreading Yersinia pestis over any distance—mortally sick people were unable to move very far in the few days before death. Furthermore, transmissibility of pneumonic plague is low: the average number of secondary cases per primary case (R o ) based on past outbreaks was only 1.3.11
MANIFESTATIONS OF HAEMORRHAGIC PLAGUE We believe that the Black Death was caused by a disease that was completely different from bubonic plague and, to avoid confusion, have named it haemorrhagic plague. Case mortality was 100% and the disease was directly infectious. In the Plague of Athens, victims were stricken suddenly with severe headaches, inflamed eyes, and bleeding in their mouths and throats. The next symptoms were coughing, sneezing, and chest pains followed by stomach cramps, intensive vomiting and diarrhoea, and unquenchable thirst. The skin was flushed, livid, and broken with small blisters and open sores. The patients burned with fever so extreme that they could not tolerate being covered, choosing rather to go naked. Their desire was to cast themselves into cold water, and many of those who were unsupervised did throw themselves into public cisterns, consumed as they were by unceasing thirst. Many became delirious.3 In the Black Death, prolonged bleeding from the nose and vomiting blood was regarded as a fatal prognostic.1 Some of the earliest signs were blisters (the “blains”) or carbuncles on the skin and these were followed by the buboes. Gui de Chauliac, physician to the Papal Court at Avignon during the Black Death, saw clearly that the buboes were by no means an invariable symptom and that the mortality was of two types. One died from the first in three days. The second presented with apostumes and carbuncles on the external parts, principally on the armpits and groin and, from this, the victim died in five days.2 But the most feared signs were the haemorrhagic spots (God’s tokens), which varied in size and colour and could occur anywhere, although the neck, breast, back, and thighs were the most common site. Necropsies showed general necrosis of the internal organs.
WHY YERSINIA PESTIS WAS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PLAGUES OF EUROPE The following is a brief summary of the evidence: There were two authentic plague epidemics in Iceland in the 15th century that persisted through the freezing conditions of winter.12 No rats were present on the island and the conditions were inimical for flea activity.3 The brown rat (Rattus norwegicus) did not arrive in Europe until 60 years after the plagues had disappeared.3 The black rat (Rattus rattus) was absent in rural England13; no rat species were available to spread the disease throughout the country. There are no resistant rodents present in Europe (and never were), which are essential for the establishment of focus of bubonic plague.3,10 The plagues were confined to Europe where the CCR5-Δ32 mutation is now found, whereas bubonic plague, which was not a serious disease until the late 19th century, was confined to Asia where CCR5-Δ32 is absent4,14 (see below). The case mortality in haemorrhagic plague was 100% and the total mortality recorded in an epidemic was very much greater (usually at least 10-fold) than that in an outbreak of bubonic plague: humans can be infected with Yersinia pestis without suffering from the disease and there are clinical forms (pestis minor) where there is no danger of dying. In victims who present with fever and the bubo, between 30% and 50% die if not treated.10 This level of mortality is insufficient to force up the CCR5-Δ32 mutation to present day levels.15 Flea reproduction was impossible in the climatic conditions of northern Europe.3 The Black Death spread remarkably rapidly—from Sicily to the Arctic Circle in less than three years and covered vast areas of Europe. Many of the subsequent epidemics jumped over 300 km. This is in complete contrast with an epidemic of bubonic plague that moves very slowly4,14; the black rat has a home range of 100 metres and rarely strays outside it.16 The bacterium Yersinia does not use the CCR5 receptor.17 The 40 day quarantine for the plague was rigorously established and completely successful for 300 years. It corresponds with the long incubation period that has been established for the plagues of Europe.4 Quarantine measures are not applicable to bubonic plague.4,14 The plagues were recognised as a directly infectious disease and it was established that it was not safe to come within four metres of an infected person.4 Both normal and CCR5 deficient mice have been infected with Yersinia pestis but there were no differences between the two groups in either bacterial growth or survival time.17 The report that DNA specific for Y pestis was amplified from 16th and 18th century human teeth believed to be from French plague victims18 and 14th century French Black Death victims19 has not been confirmed and the results have been ascribed to contamination.20
PROFILE OF AN EPIDEMIC OF HAEMORRHAGIC PLAGUE A full scale plague epidemic developed only in a town above a certain minimum size. Mortality was low in villages. Figure 2 illustrates the profile of a typical epidemic that began in the spring. It follows the pattern of a person to person infection, but is characterised by its slow generation and its long duration of eight or nine months. The epidemic falls into three stages: Figure 2 Weekly plague burials at Newcastle upon Tyne after the start of the epidemic on 14 May 1636. Rising. Mortality rises exponentially, dependent on the transmission rate. Once the epidemic has killed a proportion of the population, the transmission rate starts to fall and, concomitantly, the mortality rate decreases because there are fewer susceptibles around to infect. Plateau. When the transmission rate = 1, the mortality rate remains static. Decaying. Once the pool of remaining susceptibles is depleted below a critical level, the transmission rate falls to <1 and, inevitably, the epidemic fizzles out.
REED AND FROST MODELLING The unpublished mathematical model of the epidemics of directly infectious diseases developed by Reed and Frost21 may be summarised as follows. In a closed population of size N within which people intermingle fairly uniformly, it is assumed that, in a certain period of time t, every person will have about the same number of contacts with other individuals, K. If t is made equal to the serial generation time, the individuals infected during one period will then be infectious during the next. The probability of an adequate contact between any two given individuals during time t will be and will be the probability of any given person avoiding adequate contact with any other given person during time t. Thus, the population is at any time, t, composed of cases, C t , and susceptibles, S t , and the probability of any given person avoiding contact with any of the cases will be q and, with all the C t cases, will be And the probability of any given person having at least one adequate contact with any of the cases will be In the next time period (t+1), the number of contacts between cases and susceptibles is given by Computer modelling of Reed and Frost dynamics shows that the duration of an epidemic is strongly dependent on the serial generation time of the disease.4 The epidemic at Newcastle (fig 2) suggests a long serial generation time of 22 days and a low R o of 3. These conclusions are illustrated in figure 3, which shows the results of modelling epidemics of influenza (incubation period = 2–3 days) and a hypothetical plague (incubation period = 32 days), with R o standardised at 3. N = 1200. Figure 3 Computer modelling of epidemics of influenza (incubation period = 2–3 days) and a plague (incubation period = 32 days) in the same community, with R o standardised at 3. N = 1200.
DETERMINATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISEASE From the Elizabethan period vicars and parish clerks were required to mark the registers of plague burials with a “P” or “Pest”. Detailed analysis of some 100 plague epidemics recorded in parish registers, coupled with family reconstitution enabled the tracing of the lines of infection both within and between households and the determination of the vital characteristics of the pathogen4: An epidemic was often specifically recorded as being started by a visiting stranger or by a resident returning from a visit to a place where the plague was raging. There was a considerable delay, often more than 15 days, between the death of the primary case and the first secondary case. Transmission was much easier within, rather than between, households. Transmission was much more difficult in the colder months and probably impossible out of doors in the depth of winter. Four metres was established as a safe distance of separation out of doors. From April to October, R o = 3 to 4, but with a range of 1 to more than 20, depending on circumstances. The characteristic symptom was the appearance of haemorrhagic spots. By the following of the lines of infection, particularly in the early and late stages of an epidemic, it is possible to determine the following: Latent period = 12 days (occasionally 10 days)
Infectious period before symptoms = 20–22 days
Incubation period = 32 days
Period of symptoms = 5 to 6 days (range = 2–15 days). Victim probably less infectious during this time.
Total infectious period = 25–27 days
Total time from point of infection to death = 37–38 days, in agreement with the 40 day quarantine instituted in the 14th century. It was the very long incubation period that, even in the days of very limited transport, allowed travellers and traders to spread the plague widely throughout Europe and across the sea to England, Ireland, and Iceland.
RESISTANCE During the Black Death in 1348 there was evidence of a few people who were resistant to the disease. For example, a monk who was the sole survivor in a monastic community, having nursed and buried his fellow inmates. By the 17th century, inspection of the burials registers of London suggests that the percentage of the resident population showing resistance had risen considerably, with the greatest mortality among naive immigrant apprentices and maidservants from the provinces.4 Current studies in molecular biology throw light on this phenomenon. The transmembrane CCR5 chemokine receptor is used by HIV strains to enter cells of the immune system.22–24 The CCR5-Δ32 deletion prevents the expression of the receptor and provides almost complete resistance to HIV-1 infection in homozygous people and partial resistance in the heterozygous state.25–29 The average frequency of the CCR5-Δ32 deletion allele is estimated at 10% in European populations, but is virtually absent among native sub-Sahara African, Asian, and American Indian populations25,29–31—that is, the CCR5-Δ32 mutation is found today only in the area that was once ravaged by plague. The age of the CCR5-Δ32 bearing haplotype has been computed to be about 700 years old (but with a wide range of 275–1875 years) and it has been suggested that it was driven upwards to the present day frequencies of 5% to 15% by a historic, strongly selective event, probably an enormous mortality mediated by a widespread epidemic of a pathogen that, like HIV-1, utilised CCR5 for entry into lymphoid cells.30 The Black Death is an excellent candidate for such a catastrophic event30 but this single pandemic would have raised the frequency of the mutation from the estimated value of 5×10−5 to only, at most, 10−4. Rather, we suggest that the virus of haemorrhagic plague used the CCR5 receptor as a means of entry and that the continuous epidemics for the following 300 years acted as a strong selection pressure that drove up the frequency of the mutation to present day values in Europe of 10−1. Recent research has shown that Yersinia pestis, the bacterium of bubonic plague, cannot enter via the CCR5 receptor.17
NATURE OF THE PATHOGEN There is no known disease today that presents with the symptoms of haemorrhagic plague. The studies with the CCR-5 receptor suggest that the pathogen was viral and the symptoms and necropsy reports of haemorrhagic plague are closest to those of Ebola and Marburg, particularly the necrosis of the internal organs and the haemorrhagic manifestations,32 suggesting that the pathogen may have been a filovirus. “Filoviruses are the prototypical emerging pathogens: they cause a haemorrhagic disease of high case-fatality associated with explosive outbreaks due to person-to-person transmission, have no known treatment, occur unpredictably, and have an unknown reservoir”.32 We suggest, therefore, that the plagues were an emergent haemorrhagic fever, probably caused by a filovirus. Key references Scott S, Duncan CJ. Biology of plagues. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, .
Twigg G. The Black Death: a biological reappraisal. London: Batsford Academic, .
Karlsson G. Plague without rats: the case of fifteenth century Iceland. Journal of Medieval History ; 22 : 263 –84. CrossRef
Gilbert MTP, Cuccui J, White W, et al. Absence of Yersinia pestis-specific DNA in human teeth from five European excavations of putative plague victims. Microbiology ; 150 : 341 –54.
Libert F, Cochaux P, Beckman G, et al. The delta CCR5 mutation conferring protection against HIV-1 in Caucasian populations has a single and recent origin in Northeastern Europe. Hum Mol Genet ; 7 : 399 –406.
ORIGINS OF HAEMORRHAGIC PLAGUE We suggest that haemorrhagic plague first emerged in Ethiopia, the cradle of human evolution; it is in this area that humans have been in longest association with animals. A number of Arabic sources have traced plague back to there and the disease was carried down the Nile Valley by caravan traffic33 to Sudan and Egypt and North Africa. We can trace sporadic epidemics of haemorrhagic plague that occurred widely over the eastern Mediterranean area during a very long time span, from the earliest writings. Presumably, the plague was active in the Nile valley, albeit unrecorded, well before these times. Box 1 summarises the written evidence for the historical sequence of epidemics. Box 1 Epidemics of haemorrhagic plague in history Haemorrhagic fevers in the Nile valley in Pharaonic Egypt, 1500–1350 bc. Viral haemorrhagic fevers were reported in ancient Mesopotamia “If … his epigastrium [has] a piercing pain, blood flows incessantly [from his mouth], his arms are continually weak, depression continually falls upon him [and] his eyes are suffused with blood [it is] ‘Hand of Marduk’; he will be worried and die.’ (Mesopotamian diagnostic handbook circa 721–453 bc).36 Plague of Athens 430–427 bc. Originated in Ethiopia. The description of the symptoms given by Thucydides correspond closely with those of haemorrhagic plague.37,38 Plague of Justinian ad541–2; continued sporadically until ad700. Originated in Ethiopia. The description of the symptoms given by Procopius correspond closely with those of haemorrhagic plague.39 Plagues of Islam ad627 to 744.33 Haemorrhagic plague in Asia minor and the Levant (the plague focus), 1345–48.2,40 Haemorrhagic plagues of Europe, 1347–1670. Epidemics of haemorrhagic plague in Denmark and Sweden, 1710–11.41 Sporadic epidemics in Poland through the 18th century.41
ORIGIN OF THE CCR5-Δ32 MUTATION It is generally agreed that most, if not all, Δccr5 alleles originate from a single mutation event that is estimated to have taken place either 3500 (400–13 000) or 1400 (375–3675) years ago.31 We see from box 1 that this critical mutation could readily have occurred within this predicted time scale, and grumbling and sporadic epidemics during a period of over 2000 years could have gently forced up the mutation to the estimated frequency of 5×10−5 by the time of the Black Death. Traces of the CCR5-Δ32 mutation have been found in Bronze Age skeletons taken from a cave at Liechenstein dating from 900 bc.34


veteranstoday--2020-04-02--In Front of Tearful Pope in Lourdes: Jean Paul II Commemoration

In the time of an amen his soul flew lightly like a garland of light .
Not before raising his arm in the extreme blessing effort .
Faded image in the shadows , projection of that rattle that many days ago made the world tears up and cries in front of St. Peter ’ s window .
Not before having heard the Rosary recited loudly in the square filled with a tearful crowd , like the bright candles lit by the astonished and anguished faithful .
Totus Tuus… He will have recited in his mind to the Celestial Mother before @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Luminous Rosary has pierced the darkness to find that fullness of love , that epiphany of charity of which he had told October 25 , 1978 in his first pontifical catechesis .
Humble follower of his predecessor in pointing out the “ seven lamps ” of the Holy Spirit ( wisdom , intellect , counsel , fortitude , science , piety and fear of God ) , the sacred mouth of the theological , intellectual and cardinal virtues .
He crossed the “ Threshold of Hope ” ( his book ) and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the imprint of a giant with such an immense heart as to embrace the most distant and abandoned populations in his pilgrimages to the living sanctuary of the people of God .
So robust enough not to give in to the first assaults of the agony .
So tenacious to not be overcome by fatigue and suffering even on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the proclamation of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception during the last grueling pilgrimage to Lourdes .
That Amen on the notes of the Rosary is only @ @ @ @ @ @ @ s Holy Cave where he still spreads prayers left on August 14th and 15th 2004 on the sun-kissed waves of the Gave , the stream that flows below and beside the Sanctuary of Notre Lady .
The Marian devotion of John Paul II pushed him , although on the brink of his existence , to venture on that last journey , a Via Crucis lived in first person under the astonished eyes of the sick , who in his pain first recognized themselves and then lenites were partly felt from it ; transfigured @ @ @ @ @ @ @ divine light .
A personal Calvary traveled with the dignity of Christ himself when on the ascent to Golgotha he met the gaze of the Mother : benevolent and compassionate as that which Our Lady addressed to Bernadette Soubirous reciting with her the Rosary from the first apparition .
This mystical and thaumaturgical crown , at the same time , was embellished by Karolo Wojtyla with five new Mysteries of Light .
As if they were flowers to offer to the Queen of Heaven and Earth .
And his filial adoration has already @ @ @ @ @ @ @ support he has received in his innumerable struggles for Christianity and whole Humanity .
Only those who have been to Lourdes in those sunny days in Assuntion Day remember the signs of pain imprinted on the Pope ’ s face as they reached the Holy Cave , his desire to kneel at all costs with heroic effort , the ever weaker words of the sermon in the immense prairie quilted by the faithful , everyone fully aware that it would be perhaps the last visit of this extraordinary Pontiff to the French Shrine @ @ @ @ @ @ @ How it was !
For this reason those who saw the Pope ’ s dangling head carried on the winding path of the Esplanade , that crept among the cheering crowd , could not resist the emotion .
The tears of joy and compassion flowed from the heart as well as the incessant song in French “ You are Peter and on this stone I will build my Church ” .
Hymns , applause , flags , cries , stadium shouts that shook , thrilled and made strong the suffering Pope .
They @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Via Crucis which , as for Jesus , became more and more hard at each station .
But the Immaculate Virgin , whom “ all her own ” had always adored and followed with authentic filial love , seems to have wanted to give him the gift of the Last Grace .
As if the exact moment of the end was written by the Sky , as if he had loaded an invisible clock with the punctuality of a Vatican ’ s Swiss guard .
He let him pray and live up to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The celebration he loved so much , created adn desired by himself to fulfill the request of Sister Faustina , aka Elena Kowalska , who raised him to the honors of the altar , beatifying her in 1993 and canonizeing in 2000 .
A live surfing on the sacred weaves of Humility , Devotion and Holiness that only the secret of the Rosary can explain .
In an almighty Amen .
Fabio Giuseppe Carlo Carisio © COPYRIGHT GOSPA NEWS for VT ONLY – NO reproduction without permission – versione originale in italiano

Christ, thoughtful heartbeat. Saint, Saint who suffers
(Giuseppe Ungaretti)
by Fabio Giuseppe Carlo Carisio for VT Italy
PUBLISHED ON APRIL, 4 – AFTER JOHN PAUL DEATH APRIL,2 2005
In the time of an amen his soul flew lightly like a garland of light. Not before raising his arm in the extreme blessing effort. Faded image in the shadows, projection of that rattle that many days ago made the world tears up and cries in front of St. Peter’s window.
Not before having heard the Rosary recited loudly in the square filled with a tearful crowd, like the bright candles lit by the astonished and anguished faithful. Totus Tuus… He will have recited in his mind to the Celestial Mother before turning off the eyes…
The Pope of the Luminous Rosary has pierced the darkness to find that fullness of love, that epiphany of charity of which he had told October 25, 1978 in his first pontifical catechesis. Humble follower of his predecessor in pointing out the “seven lamps” of the Holy Spirit (wisdom, intellect, counsel, fortitude, science, piety and fear of God), the sacred mouth of the theological, intellectual and cardinal virtues.
He crossed the “Threshold of Hope” (his book) and carved in the lap of the Faith the imprint of a giant with such an immense heart as to embrace the most distant and abandoned populations in his pilgrimages to the living sanctuary of the people of God.
So robust enough not to give in to the first assaults of the agony. So tenacious to not be overcome by fatigue and suffering even on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the proclamation of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception during the last grueling pilgrimage to Lourdes.
That Amen on the notes of the Rosary is only the faint echo of the Massabielle’s Holy Cave where he still spreads prayers left on August 14th and 15th 2004 on the sun-kissed waves of the Gave, the stream that flows below and beside the Sanctuary of Notre Lady.
The Marian devotion of John Paul II pushed him, although on the brink of his existence, to venture on that last journey, a Via Crucis lived in first person under the astonished eyes of the sick, who in his pain first recognized themselves and then lenites were partly felt from it; transfigured like Jesus on Mount Tabor in the divine light.
A personal Calvary traveled with the dignity of Christ himself when on the ascent to Golgotha he met the gaze of the Mother: benevolent and compassionate as that which Our Lady addressed to Bernadette Soubirous reciting with her the Rosary from the first apparition.
This mystical and thaumaturgical crown, at the same time, was embellished by Karolo Wojtyla with five new Mysteries of Light. As if they were flowers to offer to the Queen of Heaven and Earth. And his filial adoration has already been rewarded in this world in the support he has received in his innumerable struggles for Christianity and whole Humanity.
Only those who have been to Lourdes in those sunny days in Assuntion Day remember the signs of pain imprinted on the Pope’s face as they reached the Holy Cave, his desire to kneel at all costs with heroic effort, the ever weaker words of the sermon in the immense prairie quilted by the faithful, everyone fully aware that it would be perhaps the last visit of this extraordinary Pontiff to the French Shrine, perhaps the last pilgrimage at all… How it was!
For this reason those who saw the Pope’s dangling head carried on the winding path of the Esplanade, that crept among the cheering crowd, could not resist the emotion. The tears of joy and compassion flowed from the heart as well as the incessant song in French “You are Peter and on this stone I will build my Church”. Hymns, applause, flags, cries, stadium shouts that shook, thrilled and made strong the suffering Pope.
They urged him to continue on the earthly Via Crucis which, as for Jesus, became more and more hard at each station. But the Immaculate Virgin, whom “all her own” had always adored and followed with authentic filial love, seems to have wanted to give him the gift of the Last Grace.
read more FRANCIS POPE’S VICTORY IN UAE : JIHAD – TERRORISM BANNED
As if the exact moment of the end was written by the Sky, as if he had loaded an invisible clock with the punctuality of a Vatican’s Swiss guard. He let him pray and live up to Vespers on the eve of Divine Mercy.
The celebration he loved so much, created adn desired by himself to fulfill the request of Sister Faustina, aka Elena Kowalska, who raised him to the honors of the altar, beatifying her in 1993 and canonizeing in 2000.
A live surfing on the sacred weaves of Humility, Devotion and Holiness that only the secret of the Rosary can explain. In an almighty Amen.
Fabio Giuseppe Carlo Carisio
© COPYRIGHT GOSPA NEWS for VT ONLY – NO reproduction without permission – versione originale in italiano


veteranstoday--2020-04-03--CORONAVIRUS – 10. The Plot in 100 lines: from CIA Bio-Weapons to New World Order Prophecy

In response to the some requests from friends and readers who highlighted the excessive length of the Gospa News reports on the hidden background of the pandemic – exhaustive and reliable investigations precisely because they are based on a wealth of carefully verified details – we have created the summary of the 9 dossiers so far published on CoVid-19 ( or SARS-2 ) before devoting ourselves to the following ; which will be shorter because they will refer to this recap .
In 100 lines here are clues and authoritative accusations in support of the pandemic theory triggered by an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the New World Order ’ s prophecy made by a former deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) .
It is at least ascertained that the American counter-intelligence has funded , together with the Pentagon agencies ( USAID , DTRA , DARPA ) , various secret projects in military biological laboratories in China , Georgia , Ukraine and in the USA too .
These also include those on 89 CoronaVirus strains ( report 9 ) .
1 – THE US EXPERT : “ CORONAVIRUS IS A BIO-WEAPON The first to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ expert on biological threats Francis Boyle confirming the suspicions of many .
He point at the researches in the Bls-4 laboratory in Wuhan , where the epidemic broke out and the hero doctor who discovered it ( Li Weinliang ) died .
Instead he doesn ’ t mention the 25 military centers for testing epidemic viruses open all over the world by the Pentagon DTRA agency ( US Defense Department ) as noted in 2018 by Bulgarian journalist Dilyana Gaytandzhieva .
In her investigation , the reporter also describes tests on bio-genetic weapons @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and considered “ potentially unstoppable ” by a study published in August 2019 by the Center for the Study of Existential Risk ( CSER ) of the University of Cambridge .
A suspicious CoronaVirus research was also launched in 2015 by the British Pirbright Institute funded by the Bill Gates foundation .
The theory of a bacteriological attack is also supported by Jeff Brown , founder with other international journalists and authors of the Bioweapon Truth Commission .
Chinese scientists discover that the virus ’ s protein S has been shaped to hide @ @ @ @ @ @ @ makes it aggressive .
The Communist Party of China accuses the US .
Our foreign intelligence source point the finger at the Central Intelligence Agency , the richest and most powerful American counter-intelligence in the world .
It could have been the CIA to spread the CoronaVirus in China and other countries with the use of nano-drones , but whoever had spread it would already have the vaccine .
It turns out that the first cyber-insect project to be used as a reconnaissance mini-UAV ( or transport of very small payloads ) was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
There is now the 10cm Black Hornet 3 mini-helicopter , used by NATO armies , and DragonflEye , a genetically modified dragonfly driven by light .
Vaccine research is initiated in Australia by the University of Queensland with support from the UK ’ s Big Pharma GlaxoSmithKline : these are two countries of the famous “ FIVE Eyes ” in the USUKA agreement created by the USA with the other English-speaking intelligence of Canada and New Zealand .
The giant GlaxoSmithKLine , finished over the years in the midst of various scandals @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the United States , is among the first to make commercial agreements for the vaccine with China as soon as the University of Queensland confirms that it has found a prototype to be tested .
An American and an Israeli company also claim to have already found the antidote , arousing the suspicions of Chinese experts who , meanwhile , have discovered another secret of the CoVid-19 virus : there are at least two genotypes , one of high morbidity but lower mortality , the other more aggressive and more lethal generated by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ will become golden given the seriousness of the epidemic .
In addition to being a British corportation , GSK is participated in by the largest American investment funds in the Weapons Lobby .
Glaxo CEO is also director of Microsoft owned by Bill Gates who , through the international body CEPI ( presented in Davos in 2017 ) finances the vaccine research .
But GSK is also a partner of the Pentagon and its DARPA agency which also operates on biological research in the military .
Iran ’ s Islamic Revolutionary Guards and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ theory that is almost completely ignored by Italian newspapers .
On 11 March 2020 , the World Health Organization declares the Pandemic .
As expected by the American billionaire Bill Gates in a 2015 TED conference and then by a somewhat suspicious exercise organized in October 2019 , a few weeks before the first outbreak of December in China , just for a CoronaVirus emergency .
At the speakers ’ table there is also a former CIA executive , among the main suspects for the pandemic .
Among the countries most affected by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Aviv enemy , and Italy which , in January 2020 , had restarted the dialogues for a bilateral agreement on Artificial Intelligence .
5 – FROM IRAN AND SRI LANKA ACCUSATIONS ON BIO-WEAPON Former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad wrote a vibrant letter to the UN to urge an international investigation into the bacteriological weapon he believes caused the pandemic .
The same request is made at a press conference by the Sri Lankan cardinal Malcom Ranjith , Archbishop of Colombo ( affected by the massacres of the ISIS suicide bombers in Easter 2019 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Iranian head of state , unpopular with the Tehran government itself , is ignored by almost all the media in the world .
The appeal of the high prelate of the Catholic Church , issued by an Asian agency of Christian inspiration , is published with minimal emphasis only on a few western media .
6 – THE PROPHECY OF THE CIA FORMER DEPUTY DIRECTOR Avril Haines , thanks to her loyalty to the US Democratic Party , has made a lightning career in the shadow of former President Barack Obama and his @ @ @ @ @ @ @ running for the 2020 presidential elections ) : from graduation to CIA in just 12 years !
She was appointed first deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency and then deputy White House National Security Consultant , also becoming a biological weapons consultant for the NTI , a Democratic area organization for the study of nuclear and bacteriological threats against the United States .
During a 2018 conference , Haines predicts the risk of a respiratory infection pandemic , just as did in 2015 the same Gates , which finances the Event 201 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ former intelligence officer was among the protagonists .
Deep State ’ s shadow lurks behind the alleged bacteriological weapon epidemic… 7 – US BIO-LABS IN THE COUNTRIES OF COLORED REVOLUTIONS Various Western media focuses on suspicious military maneuvers that occurred in 2019 .
From the American delegation that took part in the Wuhan World Military Games in October to the mysterious suspension of research activity in Fort Detrick , home of the USAMIID ( US Army laboratories Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases ) .
At the end of 2019 , the Naval Medical @ @ @ @ @ @ @ suddenly moved from Egypt to NATO ’ s Sigonella NAS base in Sicily , one of the main CIA stations in Italy and the Mediterranean .
The curious coincidence emerges that numerous top secret bacteriological research laboratories of the Pentagon have been opened in the past years in Ukraine and Georgia after the coups of the colored revolutions financed by George Soros , supporter of Democrats in the US as in Europe .
Geopolitical reseacher Galima Galiullina , a doctor of Philospohy with Russian origin but resident in the USA where she collaborates @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a detailed article to illustrate the mission of the 122 military doctors sent from Moscow to help Italy overcome the epidemic which killed more than 13 thousand people .
It is a unit of experts in NBCR attacks ( Nuclear Bacteriological Chemical Radiological ) who arrive in the Italian peninsula not only to disinfect the most affected structures such as those in the province of Bergamo but also to research the hypothesis of the biological weapon .
His speech on Gospa News will be subject to a “ censorship ” with a negative @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by Wall Street experts who is persecuting all the counter-information media in Italy and in the world with the excuse of seeking fake-news without providing detailed reasons for the coarse disputes .
The video of a scientific transmission of the TGR Leonardo broadcast by RAI 3 in 2015 becomes back viral for the report on the extremely dangerous “ chimera ” Supervirus built in the laboratory by the SARS CoronaVirus strain that struck China in 2003 .
The study was carried out by Chinese Wuhan researchers ( as accused by Francis Boyle , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the finger at China but the American site Veterans Today , taking up an article by Pravda , reveals that the US government agency USAID , often the CIA tool for regime-change in the world , also funded the project .
Gospa News also focused that the project was created , supported and authorized by the White House during the Obama-Biden administration when lawyer Haines worked in the CIA , before collaborating with Gates and partner universities of one of its private funders .
supervirus research .
Virologists deny correlations with CoVid-19 but @ @ @ @ @ @ @ strain of CoronaVirus that the suspicion remains especially after the disappearance of the study of some Indian researchers on the virus create in bio-lab… 10 – THE PROPHECY ON THE NEW WORLD ORDER The circle of suspicious coincidences closes perfectly with the aforementioned prediction of the former vice director of US counter-espionage in which , during a conference in Camden in 2018 , in addition to evoking the threat of the pandemic from a respiratory pathogen , announces the need for a international order .
It appears as a clear prophecy of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Deep International State , the occult ethical , political , financial , military committee in which , in the historical bed of the Masonry Armed ( from the revolutionary projects of Giovine Italia-Young America to the agreement OSS-MAFIA-AMGOT in Sicily until the P2-Gladio lodge scandal ) , the interests of Anglo-American bankers-speculators merge with those of the NATO intelligence deviated apparatuses , of the heirs of the Zionist Movement , including the Sayanim collaborators of the Israeli intelligence Mossad , and those of the Sunni Islamic fundamentalists : from the Salafites-Wahabites to the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a disturbing geopolitical scenario is already hovering that , between the devastating world economic crisis and the countries weakened by the epidemic , could result in the Third World War , initially in a leopard spot like the one that is still devastating Syria since 2011 .
It could begin with a conflict in the Mediterranean and one in Eastern Europe to pursue the common goal of the two components of the Deep State ( Masonic deist-atheists and Zionist-Islamist extremists ) of the destruction of Christianity and moderate Shiite Islam and the international @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , so far the country least affected by the pandemic We have seen the plots of these subjects of the Deep State , of which a former CIA director of the Dem area has recently admitted the existence , in many other reports on the Lobby of Arms and on the War Zones .
But we will see you again in the next on the intertwining between the very dangerous “ Made in China-Usa ” Supervirus and the Lobby of the Big Pharma of vaccines that bring up to the heart of Saudi @ @ @ @ @ @ @ GOSPA NEWS for VETERANS TODAY only – no reproduction without authorization – original version

by Fabio Giuseppe Carlo Carisio for VT Italy
VERSIONE ORIGINALE IN ITALIANO
In response to the some requests from friends and readers who highlighted the excessive length of the Gospa News reports on the hidden background of the pandemic – exhaustive and reliable investigations precisely because they are based on a wealth of carefully verified details – we have created the summary of the 9 dossiers so far published on CoVid-19 (or SARS-2) before devoting ourselves to the following; which will be shorter because they will refer to this recap.
http://www.gospanews.net/en/2020/04/18/wuhangate-3-covid-19-created-in-lab-with-hiv-medicine-nobel-confirms-indian-research-disclosed-by-gospa-news/
In 100 lines here are clues and authoritative accusations in support of the pandemic theory triggered by an alleged bacteriological weapon that lead up to the New World Order’s prophecy made by a former deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
It is at least ascertained that the American counter-intelligence has funded, together with the Pentagon agencies (USAID, DTRA, DARPA), various secret projects in military biological laboratories in China, Georgia, Ukraine and in the USA too. These also include those on 89 CoronaVirus strains (report 9).
The first to speak of a bacteriological is the American expert on biological threats Francis Boyle confirming the suspicions of many. He point at the researches in the Bls-4 laboratory in Wuhan, where the epidemic broke out and the hero doctor who discovered it (Li Weinliang) died. Instead he doesn’t mention the 25 military centers for testing epidemic viruses open all over the world by the Pentagon DTRA agency (US Defense Department) as noted in 2018 by Bulgarian journalist Dilyana Gaytandzhieva.
In her investigation, the reporter also describes tests on bio-genetic weapons capable of affecting a specific ethnic group and considered “potentially unstoppable” by a study published in August 2019 by the Center for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER) of the University of Cambridge. A suspicious CoronaVirus research was also launched in 2015 by the British Pirbright Institute funded by the Bill Gates foundation.
The theory of a bacteriological attack is also supported by Jeff Brown, founder with other international journalists and authors of the Bioweapon Truth Commission. Chinese scientists discover that the virus’s protein S has been shaped to hide the mutation of certain amino acids which makes it aggressive. The Communist Party of China accuses the US. Our foreign intelligence source point the finger at the Central Intelligence Agency, the richest and most powerful American counter-intelligence in the world.
It could have been the CIA to spread the CoronaVirus in China and other countries with the use of nano-drones, but whoever had spread it would already have the vaccine. It turns out that the first cyber-insect project to be used as a reconnaissance mini-UAV (or transport of very small payloads) was developed by the US 007 in 1970.
There is now the 10cm Black Hornet 3 mini-helicopter, used by NATO armies, and DragonflEye, a genetically modified dragonfly driven by light. Vaccine research is initiated in Australia by the University of Queensland with support from the UK’s Big Pharma GlaxoSmithKline: these are two countries of the famous “FIVE Eyes” in the USUKA agreement created by the USA with the other English-speaking intelligence of Canada and New Zealand.
The giant GlaxoSmithKLine, finished over the years in the midst of various scandals with judicial investigations in Italy as in the United States, is among the first to make commercial agreements for the vaccine with China as soon as the University of Queensland confirms that it has found a prototype to be tested.
An American and an Israeli company also claim to have already found the antidote, arousing the suspicions of Chinese experts who, meanwhile, have discovered another secret of the CoVid-19 virus: there are at least two genotypes, one of high morbidity but lower mortality, the other more aggressive and more lethal generated by an unidentified human interaction.
The vaccine will become golden given the seriousness of the epidemic. In addition to being a British corportation, GSK is participated in by the largest American investment funds in the Weapons Lobby. Glaxo CEO is also director of Microsoft owned by Bill Gates who, through the international body CEPI (presented in Davos in 2017) finances the vaccine research.
But GSK is also a partner of the Pentagon and its DARPA agency which also operates on biological research in the military. Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards and a former CIA agent support the bio-weapon theory that is almost completely ignored by Italian newspapers.
On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declares the Pandemic. As expected by the American billionaire Bill Gates in a 2015 TED conference and then by a somewhat suspicious exercise organized in October 2019, a few weeks before the first outbreak of December in China, just for a CoronaVirus emergency.
At the speakers’ table there is also a former CIA executive, among the main suspects for the pandemic. Among the countries most affected by CoVid-19 are Iran, Washington and Tel Aviv enemy, and Italy which, in January 2020, had restarted the dialogues for a bilateral agreement on Artificial Intelligence.
Former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad wrote a vibrant letter to the UN to urge an international investigation into the bacteriological weapon he believes caused the pandemic. The same request is made at a press conference by the Sri Lankan cardinal Malcom Ranjith, Archbishop of Colombo (affected by the massacres of the ISIS suicide bombers in Easter 2019).
The letter from the former Iranian head of state, unpopular with the Tehran government itself, is ignored by almost all the media in the world. The appeal of the high prelate of the Catholic Church, issued by an Asian agency of Christian inspiration, is published with minimal emphasis only on a few western media.
Avril Haines, thanks to her loyalty to the US Democratic Party, has made a lightning career in the shadow of former President Barack Obama and his deputy Joe Biden (today in the running for the 2020 presidential elections): from graduation to CIA in just 12 years!
She was appointed first deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency and then deputy White House National Security Consultant, also becoming a biological weapons consultant for the NTI, a Democratic area organization for the study of nuclear and bacteriological threats against the United States.
During a 2018 conference, Haines predicts the risk of a respiratory infection pandemic, just as did in 2015 the same Gates, which finances the Event 201 exercise of October 2019 in which the former intelligence officer was among the protagonists. Deep State’s shadow lurks behind the alleged bacteriological weapon epidemic…
Various Western media focuses on suspicious military maneuvers that occurred in 2019. From the American delegation that took part in the Wuhan World Military Games in October to the mysterious suspension of research activity in Fort Detrick, home of the USAMIID (US Army laboratories Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases). At the end of 2019, the Naval Medical Resarch Unit, called NAMRU 3, suddenly moved from Egypt to NATO’s Sigonella NAS base in Sicily, one of the main CIA stations in Italy and the Mediterranean.
The curious coincidence emerges that numerous top secret bacteriological research laboratories of the Pentagon have been opened in the past years in Ukraine and Georgia after the coups of the colored revolutions financed by George Soros, supporter of Democrats in the US as in Europe.
Geopolitical reseacher Galima Galiullina, a doctor of Philospohy with Russian origin but resident in the USA where she collaborates with the VT website, publishes a detailed article to illustrate the mission of the 122 military doctors sent from Moscow to help Italy overcome the epidemic which killed more than 13 thousand people.
It is a unit of experts in NBCR attacks (Nuclear Bacteriological Chemical Radiological) who arrive in the Italian peninsula not only to disinfect the most affected structures such as those in the province of Bergamo but also to research the hypothesis of the biological weapon.
His speech on Gospa News will be subject to a “censorship” with a negative review by a New York-based site financed by Wall Street experts who is persecuting all the counter-information media in Italy and in the world with the excuse of seeking fake-news without providing detailed reasons for the coarse disputes.
The video of a scientific transmission of the TGR Leonardo broadcast by RAI 3 in 2015 becomes back viral for the report on the extremely dangerous “chimera” Supervirus built in the laboratory by the SARS CoronaVirus strain that struck China in 2003. The study was carried out by Chinese Wuhan researchers (as accused by Francis Boyle, report 1).
Whole Italy points the finger at China but the American site VT, taking up an article by Pravda, reveals that the US government agency USAID, often the CIA tool for regime-change in the world, also funded the project.
Gospa News also focused that the project was created, supported and authorized by the White House during the Obama-Biden administration when lawyer Haines worked in the CIA, before collaborating with Gates and partner universities of one of its private funders. supervirus research.
Virologists deny correlations with CoVid-19 but so little is known about this latter strain of CoronaVirus that the suspicion remains especially after the disappearance of the study of some Indian researchers on the virus create in bio-lab…
The circle of suspicious coincidences closes perfectly with the aforementioned prediction of the former vice director of US counter-espionage in which, during a conference in Camden in 2018, in addition to evoking the threat of the pandemic from a respiratory pathogen, announces the need for a international order.
It appears as a clear prophecy of the dreaded New World Order wanted by the Deep International State, the occult ethical, political, financial, military committee in which, in the historical bed of the Masonry Armed (from the revolutionary projects of Giovine Italia-Young America to the agreement OSS-MAFIA-AMGOT in Sicily until the P2-Gladio lodge scandal), the interests of Anglo-American bankers-speculators merge with those of the NATO intelligence deviated apparatuses, of the heirs of the Zionist Movement, including the Sayanim collaborators of the Israeli intelligence Mossad, and those of the Sunni Islamic fundamentalists: from the Salafites-Wahabites to the Muslim Brotherhood.
Already the specter of a disturbing geopolitical scenario is already hovering that, between the devastating world economic crisis and the countries weakened by the epidemic, could result in the Third World War, initially in a leopard spot like the one that is still devastating Syria since 2011.
It could begin with a conflict in the Mediterranean and one in Eastern Europe to pursue the common goal of the two components of the Deep State (Masonic deist-atheists and Zionist-Islamist extremists) of the destruction of Christianity and moderate Shiite Islam and the international power which more defends them: Russia, so far the country least affected by the pandemic
We have seen the plots of these subjects of the Deep State, of which a former CIA director of the Dem area has recently admitted the existence, in many other reports on the Lobby of Arms and on the War Zones. But we will see you again in the next on the intertwining between the very dangerous “Made in China-Usa” Supervirus and the Lobby of the Big Pharma of vaccines that bring up to the heart of Saudi Arabia…
Fabio Giuseppe Carlo Carisio
© COPYRIGHT GOSPA NEWS for VETERANS TODAY only – no reproduction without authorization – original version
MAIN SOURCES
GOSPA NEWS – CORONAVIRUS INVESTIGATIONS
GOSPA NEWS – LOBBY ARMY REPORTS
GOSPA NEWS – WARZONE REPORTS
CAMDEN FORMER CIA CONFERENCE – N.W.O. PROPHECY


veteranstoday--2020-04-03--NEO: COVID and the Terror of Uncertainty

By Gordon Duff and New Eastern Outlook , Moscow ( Est .
1816 ) There are two worlds , in a way never before imagined , one of people and jobs , of life and experience , the other a shadowy world of deceit and terrorism .
As the month of March 2020 comes to an end and April begins , the entire planet is being tested .
As expected , as promised as any idiot might guess , political leadership has failed and the organizations intended to coordinate the planetary response to biological threats has shown itself to be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ On March 30 , 2020 , the Berman Law Group of Boca Raton , Florida , filed a $ 20 trillion lawsuit against the government of China for creating and disseminating the COVID 19 virus which has , well , we don ’ t really know .
One has to remind one ’ s self of our times .
A few years ago , what was termed an “ Arab Spring ” emerged , largely manipulated by militarized subsidiaries of Google and Facebook , funded by totalitarian regimes aligned with the US .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ out means something different to the people of the Middle East .
The social reformers of the West delivered head choppers and Islamists , stolen oil and looted factories and not so much democracy as promised .
Then , as so easily predicted , those who brought the disease thus offered the cure , “ coalition ” bombings , occupation , drone assassination and unending suffering .
In Ukraine , “ spring ” meant false flag snipers and downing an airliner followed by a descent into politics more familiar to those who studied @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to rule the world .
Nothing is as it seems , nothing seen can be believed , nothing read is true , nothing taught exists , all is flimflammery and bluster , buffoonery and mayhem .
Well , what does one see ?
Living in the United States , one sees a lockdown of a nation for one , two , three or more months .
What one doesn ’ t see is where , exactly 200 million people are , how they live , where the money comes from to feed them @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is doing to them .
For the “ haves , ” well financed retirees or medical workers not yet infected , life may be changed , even grim but it will continue .
Quite recently , a number of publications began spreading the rumor that 21 million Chinese mobile phone users had simply disappeared , meaning that they had died of COVID 19 and were now in mass graves .
This type of story is common and such things spring up almost daily .
The reason isn ’ t simple , a sea @ @ @ @ @ @ @ think tanks ” in order to drown those gems of embarrassing truth that escaped the Google censors or the control of the corporate media .
Here in the US , the concern is generated by driving past miles of closed factories , stores and restaurants .
The government plans to send out small checks to cover up to 5 % of economic losses of the working poor who were always no more than 3 weeks from homelessness .
Now they can ’ t be thrown out on the street , not for awhile @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the lost income will never be replaced , income that paid insurance , health care for children , bought food and clothing and that American lifestyle of fast food , cable television and continual texting .
Those jobs , the restaurants and shops , many of the factories , no longer exist .
No bail out can save them in a permanently retracted economy that will never be able to reabsorb millions of workers whose livelihood was governed by economic fakery .
Where two weeks before stores were emptied , now the money @ @ @ @ @ @ @ has dwindled away .
No one talks of this .
No one reports this .
No one asks where 200 million Americans are , how they feed their kids , how they spend their days , and how fear is playing on their vulnerability .
There is no social welfare state in America .
The benefits for retirees , Medicare and Social Security , are being chipped away by “ conservative ” politics .
Health care for veterans , and there are many millions of former military whose lives were destroyed while America @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , unspoken of and unreported .
Veterans are being told they are being removed from health care and can no longer be treated , including and especially the totally disabled combat veterans .
Supplies don ’ t exist , the pharmacies are out of medications and it didn ’ t start with COVID 19 , it began with Donald Trump .
Veterans ’ health care , the largest health care system in the world , disappeared when no one was looking .
It is dead and gone .
It will never be reported @ @ @ @ @ @ @ because , you see , if you aren ’ t a bank or oil company , one of those with their hands out for $ 6 trillion in free money from the Trump regime , you don ’ t exist .
A few paragraphs ago we mentioned the massive lawsuit against China .
The assumption that China created COVID 19 is based on an important research paper written in 2015 that tied a research facility in Wuhan to a study on a bat virus that created something capable of infecting the world , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ This is the origin of the “ blame China ” ploy , just like the blame Russia for fake gas attacks in Syria or when the Kiev regime shot down MH17 .
All that was needed was a fake court , fake evidence and controlled media .
With the accusation against China , all that is needed is for China to be tied , in this case for supplying a virus , to a dangerous terror group , to a global pandemic .
The terror group , as we discovered was the USAID @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Wuhan virus to create something frightening at the University of North Carolina , not in Wuhan .
A lawsuit and trial will condemn China in a rigged American court .
Experts , so many experts , who saw China defeat the disease in weeks while it has run rampant across the US , have come to believe that the US was always the origin and that COVID 19 had been around for some time inside the US before showing up in China .
What is strange is that some questions are never asked @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Italy ?
The best hospitals in the world are there , no transportation hubs , no ties to “ Wuhan ” and no bio-warfare labs ?
Are they being experimented on ?
Then we have Detroit , another anomaly .
A city of all private homes , a city filled with poor , a disease spread rapidly through a community that uses no public transportation and that has been housebound by weather for months .
No one looks for a “ patient zero ” or “ super-spreader , ” a term used in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ story is the restructuring of America ’ s employment environment , no trade unions anymore , no contracts , no benefits , no guarantees , the war on the worker that Reagan began and Bush ( 43 ) won behind the smokescreen of 9/11 and the fake War on Terror .
You see , injured workers seldom qualify for benefits and those laid off because of economic slowdowns are denied benefits though processes of fake accusations and legal trickery .
It gets worse , if you are injured on a job , let @ @ @ @ @ @ @ equipment breaks and you are seriously injured .
Not only will you likely never receive wage compensation , but you are likely to be denied needed medical care as well .
Medical treatment is often withheld , other than enough to make sure you don ’ t die right away , until a “ hearings process ” is exhausted , which can take up to two years .
During that time , a physical injury will often lead to permanent crippling and care , when it becomes available eventually , is palliative only @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is what is meant when it is said that the social welfare “ SafetyNet ” in the US has disappeared .
This is where 200 million Americans without hope now live , to fend for themselves and watch television , being told day and night to hate China and wait for a check with Donald Trump ’ s signature that might buy tires for a car that was repossessed .
Gordon Duff is a Marine combat veteran of the Vietnam War that has worked on veterans and POW issues for decades and consulted @ @ @ @ @ @ @ He ’ s a senior editor and chairman of the board of Veterans Today , especially for the online magazine “ New Eastern Outlook .
”

By Gordon Duff and New Eastern Outlook, Moscow (Est. 1816)
There are two worlds, in a way never before imagined, one of people and jobs, of life and experience, the other a shadowy world of deceit and terrorism.
As the month of March 2020 comes to an end and April begins, the entire planet is being tested. As expected, as promised as any idiot might guess, political leadership has failed and the organizations intended to coordinate the planetary response to biological threats has shown itself to be politicized, weakened or possibly worse.
On March 30, 2020, the Berman Law Group of Boca Raton, Florida, filed a $20 trillion lawsuit against the government of China for creating and disseminating the COVID 19 virus which has, well, we don’t really know.
One has to remind one’s self of our times. A few years ago, what was termed an “Arab Spring” emerged, largely manipulated by militarized subsidiaries of Google and Facebook, funded by totalitarian regimes aligned with the US.
“Spring,” as it turned out means something different to the people of the Middle East. The social reformers of the West delivered head choppers and Islamists, stolen oil and looted factories and not so much democracy as promised.
Then, as so easily predicted, those who brought the disease thus offered the cure, “coalition” bombings, occupation, drone assassination and unending suffering.
In Ukraine, “spring” meant false flag snipers and downing an airliner followed by a descent into politics more familiar to those who studied the last century and the fascist attempt to rule the world.
Nothing is as it seems, nothing seen can be believed, nothing read is true, nothing taught exists, all is flimflammery and bluster, buffoonery and mayhem.
Well, what does one see? Living in the United States, one sees a lockdown of a nation for one, two, three or more months. What one doesn’t see is where, exactly 200 million people are, how they live, where the money comes from to feed them and what the sinking feeling of hopelessness is doing to them.
For the “haves,” well financed retirees or medical workers not yet infected, life may be changed, even grim but it will continue.
Quite recently, a number of publications began spreading the rumor that 21 million Chinese mobile phone users had simply disappeared, meaning that they had died of COVID 19 and were now in mass graves.
This type of story is common and such things spring up almost daily. The reason isn’t simple, a sea of absurd lies is manufactured by “think tanks” in order to drown those gems of embarrassing truth that escaped the Google censors or the control of the corporate media.
Here in the US, the concern is generated by driving past miles of closed factories, stores and restaurants. The government plans to send out small checks to cover up to 5% of economic losses of the working poor who were always no more than 3 weeks from homelessness.
Now they can’t be thrown out on the street, not for awhile anyway, law has prevented this but the lost income will never be replaced, income that paid insurance, health care for children, bought food and clothing and that American lifestyle of fast food, cable television and continual texting.
Those jobs, the restaurants and shops, many of the factories, no longer exist. No bail out can save them in a permanently retracted economy that will never be able to reabsorb millions of workers whose livelihood was governed by economic fakery.
Where two weeks before stores were emptied, now the money that financed buying carloads of toilet paper has dwindled away.
No one talks of this. No one reports this. No one asks where 200 million Americans are, how they feed their kids, how they spend their days, and how fear is playing on their vulnerability.
There is no social welfare state in America. The benefits for retirees, Medicare and Social Security, are being chipped away by “conservative” politics.
Health care for veterans, and there are many millions of former military whose lives were destroyed while America destroyed the Middle East, has disappeared, unspoken of and unreported.
Veterans are being told they are being removed from health care and can no longer be treated, including and especially the totally disabled combat veterans. Supplies don’t exist, the pharmacies are out of medications and it didn’t start with COVID 19, it began with Donald Trump. Veterans’ health care, the largest health care system in the world, disappeared when no one was looking. It is dead and gone.
It will never be reported, no organization will complain to congress because, you see, if you aren’t a bank or oil company, one of those with their hands out for $6 trillion in free money from the Trump regime, you don’t exist.
A few paragraphs ago we mentioned the massive lawsuit against China. The assumption that China created COVID 19 is based on an important research paper written in 2015 that tied a research facility in Wuhan to a study on a bat virus that created something capable of infecting the world, a disease exactly like COVID 19.
This is the origin of the “blame China” ploy, just like the blame Russia for fake gas attacks in Syria or when the Kiev regime shot down MH17.
All that was needed was a fake court, fake evidence and controlled media.
With the accusation against China, all that is needed is for China to be tied, in this case for supplying a virus, to a dangerous terror group, to a global pandemic.
The terror group, as we discovered was the USAID, a CIA affiliate that used the Wuhan virus to create something frightening at the University of North Carolina, not in Wuhan.
A lawsuit and trial will condemn China in a rigged American court. Experts, so many experts, who saw China defeat the disease in weeks while it has run rampant across the US, have come to believe that the US was always the origin and that COVID 19 had been around for some time inside the US before showing up in China.
What is strange is that some questions are never asked. Why so many die in Northern Italy? The best hospitals in the world are there, no transportation hubs, no ties to “Wuhan” and no bio-warfare labs? Are they being experimented on?
Then we have Detroit, another anomaly. A city of all private homes, a city filled with poor, a disease spread rapidly through a community that uses no public transportation and that has been housebound by weather for months.
No one looks for a “patient zero” or “super-spreader,” a term used in studies on bio-terrorism.
The other untold story is the restructuring of America’s employment environment, no trade unions anymore, no contracts, no benefits, no guarantees, the war on the worker that Reagan began and Bush (43) won behind the smokescreen of 9/11 and the fake War on Terror.
You see, injured workers seldom qualify for benefits and those laid off because of economic slowdowns are denied benefits though processes of fake accusations and legal trickery.
It gets worse, if you are injured on a job, let’s say a piece of heavy equipment breaks and you are seriously injured. Not only will you likely never receive wage compensation, but you are likely to be denied needed medical care as well. Medical treatment is often withheld, other than enough to make sure you don’t die right away, until a “hearings process” is exhausted, which can take up to two years. During that time, a physical injury will often lead to permanent crippling and care, when it becomes available eventually, is palliative only, often opiate pain relievers.
This is what is meant when it is said that the social welfare “SafetyNet” in the US has disappeared.
This is where 200 million Americans without hope now live, to fend for themselves and watch television, being told day and night to hate China and wait for a check with Donald Trump’s signature that might buy tires for a car that was repossessed.
Gordon Duff is a Marine combat veteran of the Vietnam War that has worked on veterans and POW issues for decades and consulted with governments challenged by security issues. He’s a senior editor and chairman of the board of VT, especially for the online magazine “New Eastern Outlook.”


veteranstoday--2020-04-03--Quite a Party! Three Different Hominid Species in One Cave

In Groundbreaking Find , Three Kinds of Early Humans Unearthed Living Together in South Africa Scientists studying the roots of @ @ @ @ @ have found several branches entangled in and around a South African cave .
Two million @ @ @ @ @ early humans—Australopithecus , Paranthropus , and the earliest-known Homo erectus—appear to have lived at the @ @ @ @ @ place , near the Drimolen Paleocave System .
How much these different species interacted remains @ @ @ @ @ existence suggests our ancient relations were quite diverse during a key transitional period of African @ @ @ @ @ days of Australopithecus and the dawn of H. erectus ’ s nearly two-million-year run .
@ @ @ @ @ old idea , that when one species occurs another goes extinct and you don ’ @ @ @ @ @ that ’ s just not the case , ” says study coauthor Andy Herries , @ @ @ @ @ University in Australia .

In Groundbreaking Find, Three Kinds of Early Humans Unearthed Living Together in South Africa
By Brian Handwerk/Smithsonianmag.com
Scientists studying the roots of humanity’s family tree have found several branches entangled in and around a South African cave.
Two million years ago, three different early humans—Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and the earliest-known Homo erectus—appear to have lived at the same time in the same place, near the Drimolen Paleocave System. How much these different species interacted remains unknown. But their contemporaneous existence suggests our ancient relations were quite diverse during a key transitional period of African prehistory that saw the last days of Australopithecus and the dawn of H. erectus’s nearly two-million-year run.
“We know that the old idea, that when one species occurs another goes extinct and you don’t have much overlap, that’s just not the case,” says study coauthor Andy Herries, a paleoanthropologist at La Trobe University in Australia.
Read More:


veteranstoday--2020-04-03--WaPo: Navy Fires Captain of USS Theodore Roosevelt, Scapegoated Over COVID Letter

Submitted to VT by the Washington Post The Washington Post ’ s Dan Lamothe and Missy Ryan report : The Navy on Thursday removed the captain of an aircraft carrier crippled by the coronavirus , two days after a blunt letter the officer wrote warning the service of the need to get more sailors off the vessel created a furor .
Navy Capt .
Brett Crozier , the commanding officer of the USS Theodore Roosevelt , was relieved of command at the direction of acting Navy secretary Thomas Modly .
The Navy had become increasingly convinced that Crozier was involved @ @ @ @ @ @ @ media to force the service to address his concerns over the outbreak on his ship , a defense official said , speaking on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue .
Modly said that Crozier showed “ poor judgment ” by sending the letter by email to 20 or 30 people .
He did not directly accuse Crozier of leaking the letter but noted that it appeared in Crozier ’ s hometown newspaper .
“ I could reach no other conclusion than that Capt .
Crozier had allowed the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ breakout on his ship to overwhelm his ability to act professionally , when acting professionally was what was needed most at the time , ” Modly said at the Pentagon .
“ We do and we should expect more from the commanding officers of our aircraft carriers .
”

Submitted to VT by the Washington Post
The Washington Post’s Dan Lamothe and Missy Ryan report: The Navy on Thursday removed the captain of an aircraft carrier crippled by the coronavirus, two days after a blunt letter the officer wrote warning the service of the need to get more sailors off the vessel created a furor.
Navy Capt. Brett Crozier, the commanding officer of the USS Theodore Roosevelt, was relieved of command at the direction of acting Navy secretary Thomas Modly.
The Navy had become increasingly convinced that Crozier was involved in leaking the letter to the news media to force the service to address his concerns over the outbreak on his ship, a defense official said, speaking on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue.
Modly said that Crozier showed “poor judgment” by sending the letter by email to 20 or 30 people. He did not directly accuse Crozier of leaking the letter but noted that it appeared in Crozier’s hometown newspaper.
“I could reach no other conclusion than that Capt. Crozier had allowed the complexity of his challenge with the covid breakout on his ship to overwhelm his ability to act professionally, when acting professionally was what was needed most at the time,” Modly said at the Pentagon. “We do and we should expect more from the commanding officers of our aircraft carriers.”