Russia’s Mistral

what is known about the landing helicopter carriers that Russia will build without receiving French ships Russia will build large landing helicopter carriers .
According to the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of Russia , Admiral Nikolai Evmenov , they will be laid at the Zaliv plant in Crimea on May 9 , on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War .
This event will be a turning point in the history of our fleet – a new class of previously non-existent ships will appear in its structure , and with it new possibilities of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ However , the intrigue is far from this .
The right to design these giants did not go to the St. Petersburg design bureaus , but to the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau ( part of the Ak Bars shipbuilding corporation , SKAB ) , a company noted for the development of a successful but small-tonnage series of missile ships : Gepards and Buyanov .
The fleet has such a term – overstag .
It means a sharp change in the course of a sailing ship .
This is not the first time he has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ carriers .
In 2014 , France refused to give us two built ships of the Mistral type .
Despite the fact that our sailors even lived in the cockpits and cabins of French helicopter carriers , many in Russia breathed a sigh of relief and crossed themselves .
More than € 1 billion was returned to the budget of the Russian shipbuilding program , which could be spent not only on building ships according to existing projects , but also on developing new ones .
For example , the same landing helicopter carriers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ such projects .
This is “ Surf ” ( with a displacement of 14 thousand tons , designed to accommodate eight Ka-27 helicopters and six landing boats , 500 paratroopers and 60 units of armored vehicles ) and the larger – “ Avalanche ” .
This ship with a displacement of 24 thousand tons is very similar to the French “ Mistral ” – the bare “ carrier deck ” , attack helicopters Ka-52K , anti-submarine Ka-32 .
In addition to them , a powerful air defense system based on the marine version @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the developers , the ship could deliver to the shore 60 units of light armored vehicles and at least 20-30 main battle tanks .
If it is not possible to approach directly to land , this will be done with four project boats 11770M or two projects 12061M .
According to former Deputy Minister of Defense Yuri Borisov , the fleet expected to receive two helicopter carriers “ Avalanche ” in the framework of the new state weapons program until 2025 .
What exactly Zelenodoltsy suggested is still unknown .
At no exhibition @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were models of ships larger than the Cheetah ( its displacement up to 2 thousand tons ) .
Although today the company is also building tankers for the Ministry of Defense , for example , project 03182 .
This is a very unusual and somewhere futuristic ice-class reinforced class ship with a displacement of more than 3.5 thousand tons and a length of 74 m. Priboy and Avalanche are the brainchild of Nevsky Design Bureau and the Krylovsk center , respectively – they have from 160 to 300 m. In the second case @ @ @ @ @ @ @ length of the aircraft carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov .
Nevertheless , Zelenodolkoye Design Bureau was the first in shipbuilding to introduce a software and hardware complex for virtual prototyping .
This is an opportunity at the development stage to walk around the premises of the future ship or vessel in 3D glasses and see how it will look .
The technology reduces the further design problems by an order of magnitude and allows us to eliminate defects even before the stage when the ship is already being built in the hardware .
Valery @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the Krylovsky Scientific Center , has been a consistent critic of the purchase of the French Mistral helicopter carriers .
The specialist noted their unsuitability for use in Russian conditions .
For example , to base the Ka-32 anti-submarine helicopters on a ship , it was necessary to raise the flight deck by 20 cm .
Otherwise , rotorcraft would not enter the cargo hangar .
But it was the smallest of evils .
“ Frenchman ” could not stand the cold .
The fire extinguishing system , that is , its @ @ @ @ @ @ @ deck itself and immediately began to freeze in the cold .
Same thing with the ship ’ s hull .
It is too thin and could not cope with the pack , i.e .
shallow ice .
Just a millimeter thick , this ice , like a circular saw , cuts the hull of any ship better than a laser hyperboloid .
At one of the marine salons in St. Petersburg , I asked a representative of DCNS , which is building the Mistral , whether this ship can operate in the Barents @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The interlocutor , without blinking an eye , immediately replied that then we had to order a completely different ship !
Nevertheless , this sad experience of cooperation has a bright side .
The Mistral Islands were interesting to Russia , since they have the ability to carry out “ over-the-air landing ” when the ship is at a great distance from the coast and enemy fire , and the troops are delivered to land by boats and helicopters .
Soviet and Russian landing ships landed fighters and equipment directly ashore .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ does not necessarily mean that Russia did not gain access to the technology for building such ships .
According to the agreement , the stern , consider the main part of the ship ( there is a docking chamber for landing boats and equipment , elevators for lifting helicopters to the deck ) according to French documentation , the Baltic Shipbuilding Plant in St. Petersburg produced .
Navy expert Alexander Mozgovoy says you can ’ t build a stern without knowing what a tank will be .
That is , this means that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the technical documentation for French ships from the bow to the stern .
Therefore , the analyst is calm : to design and build a large landing helicopter carrier is now the same as laying down another bulk carrier .
With one difference – in its hold and on the deck will be based not containers , but helicopters .
Actually , this is precisely what justifies the choice of Zelenodolsk Design Bureau as the main contractor of the state contract .
Today it is the most dynamic and efficient company in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The Zaliv plant in Kerch is an underutilized enterprise of the Russian shipbuilding industry , which has facilities for laying large-capacity ships .
In Soviet times , a number of large ships were built on it , such as the Crimean project supertankers with a displacement of 150 thousand tons or the Sevmorput nuclear-powered lighter carrier .
Domestic shipbuilding is one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the economy .
In Russia , the renaissance of shipbuilding and shipbuilding is literally .
The entire fleet of Soviet ships and ships of various @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to hundreds of units .
It would not be an exaggeration to say that shipyards from Kaliningrad to Vladivostok are literally “ cracking ” from orders .
And this is not only a “ military ” .
To get on the slipway with the next order is almost impossible today .
Ships are built for decades to come .
Universal landing ships ( also called helicopter carriers ) could build the same Baltic plant in St. Petersburg , “ Sevmash ” in Severodvinsk .
But the first has a series of civilian and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and lowers one nuclear submarine after another .
The “ bay ” is ideal in this respect – although it is loaded with an order , it ’ s not to the eyeballs .
The only complaint against him is the staff .
More precisely , there are not enough of them .
Finding highly qualified specialists in Kerch , starting from a welder to a design engineer , is not easy today .
Ukraine did not invest in the development of shipbuilding .
Russia also went through this stage .
And today @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Severodvintsy advises the Zvezda plant in the Far East on the repair and construction of nuclear submarines .
I am sure that Zelenodolsk residents are not standing aside in matters of supporting the development of new projects of ships and ships in Russian shipyards .
Such ships are needed at sea The controversy surrounding the purchase of Mistrals by France revolved not only around their technical “ imperfection ” for the Russian latitudes , but also the question itself : why do we need them ?
The then Chief of the General Staff @ @ @ @ @ @ @ : the Kuril Islands , the defense and “ blah blah blah.
” With the start of the operation in Syria , everything fell into place .
One large landing helicopter carrier is capable of not only projecting force in a separate direction , but also creating an uninterrupted supply chain for our troops in the region .
It does not matter how the brainchild of Zelenodolsky Design Bureau looks like .
It is already known that our most modern Ka-52K Katran attack helicopters will be based on it .
This is a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ because the first in the world is capable of using cruise missiles X-31 and X-35 .
Prior to this , they were placed only on deck fighter MiG-29K / KUB .
That is , the Kamov machine , recognized as a “ flying tank ” on land , becomes a real fighter ship at sea .
And provided that in the future they can deliver a R-77 air-to-air missile ( RVV-AE ) to Katran , as well as planes and helicopters .
In addition to them , as is now customary , it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ hold of the helicopter carrier universal launchers of 3C-14 cruise missiles for launching the Caliber , Onyx and Zircons .
In any case , the “ Admiral Kuznetsov ” is not called a cruiser because of its size , but because on board it , in addition to the Su-33 air wing , there are also the most powerful anti-ship cruise missiles “ Granite ” .
And in the stern is a whole battery of dagger anti-aircraft missile systems .
This makes Admiral a multi-functional platform .
Large landing helicopter carriers will become @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Mistral , they can not only project power , supporting the landing , but also become combat control ships for naval and land forces , floating hospitals and , in the end , banal supply vehicles .
According to experts , one such ship can carry 10 times more cargo to supply our group in Syria than the entire Syrian Express does per flight .
Takeoff from the surf : what will be the Russian helicopter carriers The Russian Navy plans to receive two promising landing ships as part of the new state @ @ @ @ @ @ @ construction of two helicopter carriers , the main air group of which will be the Ka-52K Katran marine helicopters , is already included in the draft of the new state armament program until 2025 .
It is planned that the first will appear around 2022 and will cost about 40 billion rubles ( taking into account all stages of development , construction and testing ) .
The new landing ships will have a diesel-gas turbine installation , in which the diesel engine is the main engine , and the turbine is needed to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Katrans , Ka-27 , Ka-29 and Ka-31 ( a helicopter of radar patrol , another designation is Ka-35 .
– Approx .
TASS ) will be based on ships .
As General Director of the Nevsky Design Bureau Sergey Vlasov said at the VIII International Naval Salon ( IMDS-2017 ) in St. Petersburg , a new-generation landing craft created for the Russian Navy is at the pre-design stage and several versions of such ships have already been created .
“ Marines ” are different .
There may be a helicopter carrier , there @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a landing helicopter docking ship .
I believe that , most likely , it will be a universal landing ship – something similar to the Mistral , but a little different “ Flying Battery ” : how Ka-52K helicopters will strengthen the Mistral combat power The appearance of a promising “ paratrooper ” is chosen by the customer .
Appearance will be completely new in comparison with the traditions of classical military shipbuilding .
Also , according to the annual report of the Nevsky Design Bureau , a variant of a promising landing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ worked out .
According to Vladimir Pepelyaev , head of the department for the prospective construction of ships of the Krylovsk State Scientific Center ( KSCC ) , “ if a decision is made in the near future , then the center together with the Nevsky Design Bureau will be able to complete work on the out-of-project , and the bureau may start designing the ship ” .
According to Advisor to the Chief of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces , Admiral Igor Kasatonov , helicopter carriers will be universal @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The fleet needs them .
Now the infrastructure is developing on the island of Kotelny , in the Pacific Fleet closer to the north .
Therefore , there will be more than enough tasks for helicopter carriers Advisor to the Chief of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces , Admiral Kasatonov says that a decision on the displacement of these ships has not yet been made , there will be several options for projects .
Of them , according to the admiral , they will choose the best option for further @ @ @ @ @ @ @ work on this project : there is a backlog in terms of projects , there is an understanding of all the basic technologies .
OSK has sites on which they are ready to build such a ship : Severnaya Verf after modernization , as well as the Baltic Shipyard and Sevmash , which has extensive experience in building large surface ships Military expert Alexander Mozgovoy believes that , unlike aircraft carriers , helicopter carriers can build our modern shipbuilding industry .
This can also be done at the Baltic Shipyard , which gained @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ’ s feed units .
Therefore , this is a feasible task for domestic shipbuilding .
Another thing is how much time and money it will take .
In this case , the expert talks about another problem – priorities .
“ We are now standing , as they say , on the edge – almost all Soviet-built ships in the coming years will need to be written off as obsolete .
They are not just morally , but physically outdated .
It will be dangerous to put them out to sea , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , I would like first of all to build frigate-class warships from surface ships , to increase the construction of submarines – they are clearly not enough For the first time , the model of the universal landing ship ( UDC ) “ Surf ” with a displacement of 14 thousand tons was demonstrated back in 2015 at the international forum “ Army ” .
The conceptual design of this ship was developed by the Krylov Scientific Center .
Its experts assure that their concept is superior to the French ships of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ work on the project , we applied unconventional technical solutions for the most optimal implementation of the tasks of landing from this ship .
They relate to the form of the case , and to electronic equipment .
In our project , for example , movers other than those of Mistral are provided , with other capabilities Russia and France in 2011 entered into an agreement on the construction of two Mistral-type helicopter carriers for the Russian Navy .
The first ship was supposed to be handed over to Moscow in 2014 , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of deteriorating relations with the West and the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions , Paris refused to transfer the ships .
Later , the helicopter carriers were bought by Egypt , and Paris returned to the Russian side about € 1 billion .
The Krylovsk Scientific Center notes that the Surf was created taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian conditions for the operation of such ships in the Navy .
The concept has not changed since the first submission in 2015 , but at the request of the customer , certain additions @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the ship .
According to the general director of the KSCC , this applies to the use of the nose ramp or the placement of missile systems .
Head of the Nevsky Design Bureau : working on a project of a landing ship for the Arctic The promising “ Surf ” is intended for receiving , transporting by sea and landing in cooperation with other forces of the fleet of troops and equipment on the unequipped coast during the sea landing operation .
In addition , he will be able to provide naval @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of defensive mine and network barriers , as well as sonar buoys for positional underwater surveillance systems .
The ship is supposed to be equipped with a gas turbine main power plant .
It will be armed with anti-aircraft systems “ Blade ” and “ Shell-ME ” , as well as an A-190 artillery mount of 100 mm caliber .
It consists of two boats of the Chamois type or four of the Dugong type .
As it became known at IMDS-2017 , the marine version of the “ Shell ” will be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of 20 km .
He will be able to shoot down various objects , including drones and aircraft , as well as missiles of this complex can be used against ships .
As the developers note , the main feature of the complexes is that it is possible to fire at the target first with missile weapons , then in the dead zone of an anti-aircraft guided missile , if for some reason the target is not hit or not enough hit , it can be hit by an anti-ship missile .
In @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 76 mm universal artillery mount , a general detection radar , a navigation complex , an electronic warfare subsystem , an integrated communications complex and a station for detecting underwater sabotage forces and assets .
The ship can accommodate 12 helicopters for various purposes .
The perfect weapon for ships will be the Ka-52K Katran helicopters .
They are “ adapted ” to be based on ships of the Navy .
To do this , they installed a shortened wing , a folding system for the blades and an air conditioning system designed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Displacement – 23,000 tons , length – 200 m , width – 34 m. Full speed – 20 knots , economic – 14 knots , cruising range – 6,000 miles , autonomy – 30 days .
The crew of the ship is 400 people , while it can accommodate another 500 to 900 marines , 50 infantry fighting vehicles and 10 tanks .
The life of the ship is designed for 50 years For the first time helicopter carriers in the USSR began to be created in 1960 .
It was project @ @ @ @ @ @ @ anti-submarine cruiser “ Moscow ” went into operation in 1967 and was effective due to the presence of 14 helicopters .
The second – “ Leningrad ” – became part of the Navy two years later .
It was planned that they will conduct an effective search for submarines at a great distance from the coast in a sufficiently large water area .
It was then that US nuclear submarines with ballistic missiles began to go on combat patrol .
Ships were part of the Black Sea Fleet , operated in the waters @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
It was originally intended to build a series of 12 cruisers of this type .
Then in the USSR other types and kinds of aviation were quite strong , the system itself was different and our tasks .
In the 60s of the last century it was associated with the organization of anti-submarine warfare Advisor to the Chief of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces , Admiral Military expert Mozgovoy confirms that such projects were in the Soviet Union , but not landing helicopter carriers were built , but universal @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the shipyards were loaded with so many orders that it was just necessary to choose priorities .
Ships with a displacement of about 30–40 thousand tons – we almost did not have such shipyards .
In Leningrad , the Baltic Shipyard and , so to say , Admiralty Shipyards , and in Nikolaev .
And there was nowhere else to build .
And there they were busy building ships of completely different classes , so priority was given to large anti-submarine ships and cruisers , missile strike Despite many years of military service @ @ @ @ @ @ @ withdrew from the Black Sea Fleet and sold to India for scrap .
In addition to the USSR , specialized helicopter carriers were built by France and Italy .
According to open sources , UDC in addition to the United States is being built by France , Spain , Japan , South Korea and Australia .
Now such ships will be created by Russia .

Russia will build large landing helicopter carriers. According to the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of Russia, Admiral Nikolai Evmenov, they will be laid at the Zaliv plant in Crimea on May 9, on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War.
This event will be a turning point in the history of our fleet – a new class of previously non-existent ships will appear in its structure, and with it, new possibilities of using the Navy itself will open. However, the intrigue is far from this. The right to design these giants did not go to the St. Petersburg design bureaus, but to the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau (part of the Ak Bars shipbuilding corporation, SKAB), a company noted for the development of a successful but small-tonnage series of missile ships: Gepards and Buyanov.
The fleet has such a term – overstag.
It means a sharp change in the course of a sailing ship. This is not the first time he has repeated the fate of Russian landing helicopter carriers. In 2014, France refused to give us two built ships of the Mistral type.
Despite the fact that our sailors even lived in the cockpits and cabins of French helicopter carriers, many in Russia breathed a sigh of relief and crossed themselves. More than € 1 billion was returned to the budget of the Russian shipbuilding program, which could be spent not only on building ships according to existing projects, but also on developing new ones. For example, the same landing helicopter carriers.
Today there are at least two such projects. This is “Surf” (with a displacement of 14 thousand tons, designed to accommodate eight Ka-27 helicopters and six landing boats, 500 paratroopers and 60 units of armored vehicles) and the larger – “Avalanche”.
This ship with a displacement of 24 thousand tons is very similar to the French “Mistral” – the bare “carrier deck”, attack helicopters Ka-52K, anti-submarine Ka-32. In addition to them, a powerful air defense system based on the marine version of the Pantsir-ME complex. According to the developers, the ship could deliver to the shore 60 units of light armored vehicles and at least 20-30 main battle tanks.
If it is not possible to approach directly to the land, this will be done with four project boats 11770M or two projects 12061M. According to former Deputy Minister of Defense Yuri Borisov, the fleet expected to receive two helicopter carriers “Avalanche” in the framework of the new state weapons program until 2025.
What exactly Zelenodoltsy suggested is still unknown. At no exhibition of armaments and equipment on its stands were models of ships larger than the Cheetah (its displacement up to 2 thousand tons). Although today the company is also building tankers for the Ministry of Defense, for example, project 03182.
This is a very unusual and somewhere futuristic ice-class reinforced class ship with a displacement of more than 3.5 thousand tons and a length of 74 m. Priboy and Avalanche are the brainchildren of Nevsky Design Bureau and the Krylovsk center, respectively – they have from 160 to 300 m. In the second case, this is slightly less than the length of the aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov.
Nevertheless, Zelenodolkoye Design Bureau was the first in shipbuilding to introduce a software and hardware complex for virtual prototyping. This is an opportunity at the development stage to walk around the premises of the future ship or vessel in 3D glasses and see how it will look. The technology reduces the further design problems by an order of magnitude and allows us to eliminate defects even before the stage when the ship is already being built in the hardware.
Echo of the Mistral
Valery Polovinkin, Advisor to the Director-General of the Krylovsky Scientific Center, has been a consistent critic of the purchase of the French Mistral helicopter carriers. The specialist noted their unsuitability for use in Russian conditions.
For example, to base the Ka-32 anti-submarine helicopters on a ship, it was necessary to raise the flight deck by 20 cm. Otherwise, rotorcraft would not enter the cargo hangar. But it was the smallest of evils. “Frenchman” could not stand the cold. The fire extinguishing system, that is, its main tanks, was located below the deck itself and immediately began to freeze in the cold. Same thing with the ship’s hull. It is too thin and could not cope with the pack, i.e. shallow ice. Just a millimeter thick, this ice, like a circular saw, cuts the hull of any ship better than a laser hyperboloid.
At one of the marine salons in St. Petersburg, I asked a representative of DCNS, which is building the Mistral, whether this ship can operate in the Barents Sea or on the Northern Sea Route. The interlocutor, without blinking an eye, immediately replied that then we had to order a completely different ship!
Nevertheless, this sad experience of cooperation has a bright side. The Mistral Islands were interesting to Russia, since they have the ability to carry out “over-the-air landing” when the ship is at a great distance from the coast and enemy fire, and the troops are delivered to land by boats and helicopters. Soviet and Russian landing ships landed fighters and equipment directly ashore. The French refusal of the Mistral deal does not necessarily mean that Russia did not gain access to the technology for building such ships.
According to the agreement, the stern, consider the main part of the ship (there is a docking chamber for landing boats and equipment, elevators for lifting helicopters to the deck) according to French documentation, the Baltic Shipbuilding Plant in St. Petersburg produced. Navy expert Alexander Mozgovoy says you can’t build a stern without knowing what a tank will be. That is, this means that Russia has become the owner of all the technical documentation for French ships from the bow to the stern. Therefore, the analyst is calm: to design and build a large landing helicopter carrier is now the same as laying down another bulk carrier. With one difference – in its hold and on the deck will be based not containers, but helicopters.
Actually, this is precisely what justifies the choice of Zelenodolsk Design Bureau as the main contractor of the state contract. Today it is the most dynamic and efficient company in the country with an innovative design bureau. The Zaliv plant in Kerch is an underutilized enterprise of the Russian shipbuilding industry, which has facilities for laying large-capacity ships. In Soviet times, a number of large ships were built on it, such as the Crimean project supertankers with a displacement of 150 thousand tons or the Sevmorput nuclear-powered lighter carrier.
Shift method
Domestic shipbuilding is one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the economy. In Russia, the renaissance of shipbuilding and shipbuilding is literally. The entire fleet of Soviet ships and ships of various classes is changing. The account goes to hundreds of units. It would not be an exaggeration to say that shipyards from Kaliningrad to Vladivostok are literally “cracking” from orders. And this is not only a “military”. To get on the slipway with the next order is almost impossible today. Ships are built for decades to come.
ABOUT THIS THEME
“More than half of the entire nuclear fleet of our country has been built here.” What is famous for “Sevmash”
Universal landing ships (also called helicopter carriers) could build the same Baltic plant in St. Petersburg, “Sevmash” in Severodvinsk. But the first has a series of civilian and military icebreakers, the second lays down and lowers one nuclear submarine after another. The “bay” is ideal in this respect – although it is loaded with an order, it’s not to the eyeballs.
The only complaint against him is the staff. More precisely, there are not enough of them. Finding highly qualified specialists in Kerch, starting from a welder to a design engineer, is not easy today. Ukraine did not invest in the development of shipbuilding. Russia also went through this stage. And today the shift workers correct the situation. Severodvintsy advises the Zvezda plant in the Far East on the repair and construction of nuclear submarines. I am sure that Zelenodolsk residents are not standing aside in matters of supporting the development of new projects of ships and ships in Russian shipyards.
Such ships are needed at sea
The controversy surrounding the purchase of Mistrals by France revolved not only around their technical “imperfection” for the Russian latitudes, but also the question itself: why do we need them? The then Chief of the General Staff Nikolai Makarov very vaguely answered this question: the Kuril Islands, the defense and “blah blah blah.” With the start of the operation in Syria, everything fell into place. One large landing helicopter carrier is capable of not only projecting force in a separate direction but also creating an uninterrupted supply chain for our troops in the region.
ABOUT THIS THEME
It does not matter how the brainchild of Zelenodolsky Design Bureau looks like. It is already known that our most modern Ka-52K Katran attack helicopters will be based on it. This is a unique machine in itself. If only because the first in the world is capable of using cruise missiles X-31 and X-35. Prior to this, they were placed only on deck fighter MiG-29K / KUB. That is, the Kamov machine, recognized as a “flying tank” on land, becomes a real fighter ship at sea. And provided that in the future they can deliver an R-77 air-to-air missile (RVV-AE) to Katran, as well as planes and helicopters.
In addition to them, as is now customary, it will be possible to put in the hold of the helicopter carrier universal launchers of 3C-14 cruise missiles for launching the Caliber, Onyx and Zircons. In any case, the “Admiral Kuznetsov” is not called a cruiser because of its size, but because on board it, in addition to the Su-33 air wing, there are also the most powerful anti-ship cruise missiles “Granite”. And in the stern is a whole battery of dagger anti-aircraft missile systems. This makes Admiral a multi-functional platform.
Large landing helicopter carriers will become the same. Indeed, like the Mistral, they can not only project power, supporting the landing, but also become combat control ships for naval and land forces, floating hospitals and, in the end, banal supply vehicles. According to experts, one such ship can carry 10 times more cargo to supply our group in Syria than the entire Syrian Express does per flight.
Takeoff from the surf: what will be the Russian helicopter carriers
The Russian Navy plans to receive two promising landing ships as part of the new state armament program by 2025


veteranstoday--2020-02-18--Russia: The ‘laser spear,’ reality weapon, not a cartoon

The existence of Peresvet was revealed by Vladimir Putin in his annual address to the Federal Assembly in 2018 .
Already this year in Sochi , he noted that laser systems will determine the potential of the army and navy for the entire 21st century .
Their development uses domestic optics and highly sensitive optoelectronics , the head of state emphasized .
There is no doubt in these words .
Of several demos with the latest Russian developments ( hypersonic maneuvering Vanguard , the deadly Dagger and Zircon , atomic self-propelled Burevestnik and Poseidon ) , only the plot with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ equipment .
Although the “ Vanguard ” has already been shown to the Americans , and the photographs of the “ Dagger ” have bypassed the media , which means that it is also not a cartoon .
Nevertheless , the hype surrounding Peresvet and without documentary personnel abounds .
Oil was also added to the fire by an American under the nickname rambo54 , who dug up maps in the wilds of Google with satellite images of objects very similar to those shown by the Russian Ministry of Defense .
One of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ base in the village of Teykovo , Ivanovo Region , the second is the Strategic Missile Forces division in Novosibirsk .
According to the website “ Strategic Nuclear Weapons of Russia ” , as of the beginning of 2017 , the first and second deployed mobile , or , as they are also called , mobile , ground strategic missile systems “ Topol-M ” and “ Yars ” .
There are 354 of them in the Strategic Missile Forces .
Actually , Valery Gerasimov reported on the “ cover ” or “ protection @ @ @ @ @ @ @ air attack means , speaking about the tasks that Peresvet should solve .
Under the START-2 agreement , the Russian Federation and the United States exchanged the coordinates of all our missile silos and the locations of mobile launchers .
You don ’ t have to be a specialist to understand that they are aimed at strategic missiles of the NATO allies that support the US strategy of Prompt Global Strike .
It is assumed that under this plan , the US military will be able to deliver targeted attacks on any region @ @ @ @ @ @ @ They want to do this with ballistic , hypersonic and cruise missiles .
To do this , several thousand cars can be used simultaneously .
As a result , they can be detected , which means that the first “ disarming ” strike missiles can be launched only with the help of satellites .
Somehow opposing enemy satellites in such a situation is a possible calling of the Russian combat laser .
“ This is not exotic , not experimental or experimental products – we have already adopted individual samples of laser weapons @ @ @ @ @ @ @ minister in charge of the defense industry , Yuri Borisov at a ceremony dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Russian Federal Nuclear Center in Sarov , in August 2016 .
There was information in the media that work was under way in the country on the long-forgotten aviation laser complex 1A2 , created on the basis of the Il-76 military transport aircraft .
It was also reported that the Astrophysics research and production association ( part of the Shvabe holding of the Rostec state corporation ) brought to life the forgotten 1K17 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on the basis of the tank and designed to counteract optoelectronic devices , homing missiles and high-precision ammunition of the enemy .
If in Soviet times it was located on the base of the tank , now it fits in the “ body ” of the Tiger armored car .
It is worth mentioning that the specialists of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Krylovsky Scientific Center , an institute without which no ship ’ s project will be implemented in metal , say that the country has created new nuclear reactors for promising @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 175 megawatts of power .
Their appearance made it possible to lay down a series of the largest and most powerful icebreakers of the new generation of project 22220 “ Arctic ” , and also in the future they should be equipped with destroyers of the new generation of project 23560 “ Leader ” .
In the case of the latter , the Krylovites openly say that laser and electromagnetic guns can be deployed on them .
Laser weapons are not something extraordinary for our scientists and industry .
Its development began back @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it reached concrete samples .
For example , in 1995 , after the division of the Black Sea Fleet , Ukraine sold the Dikson auxiliary tanker to the United States .
An unremarkable ship went to the buyer at the price of scrap metal .
When viewed in the holds were 35-megawatt power generators , special rotary mechanisms , large-capacity refrigeration units and many other equipment that clearly stated that the ship carried a laser gun on board .
Just a few seconds of exposure to a flying object – and a small @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of a rocket or warhead .
The success was so inspiring that the leadership of the Navy , before obtaining any specific practical results , provided for the placement of laser guns on a series of Kiev-carrying cruisers of the Kiev type under construction .
This is 20 years before the appearance of weapons .
However , euphoria quickly gave way to disappointment .
During the tests , the laser gun , although it showed its effectiveness , was so voracious that only a couple of salvos completely deenergized the ship , depriving @ @ @ @ @ @ @ “ energy efficient ” was the laser in the Kazakh Sary-Shagan .
The Terra-3 complex confidently shot down attacking warheads .
With one nuance – its work was provided by a nuclear power plant .
Actually , the problem with compact and efficient power sources has put an end to the development of Soviet and American lasers .
The appearance of Peresvet , the Burevestnik nuclear missile of unlimited flight time , or the Poseidon underwater drone suggests that Russian scientists have made a fundamental breakthrough in the creation of small-sized autonomous – @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the whole world And yet , what tasks does Peresvet solve ?
Does he burn attacking warheads and cruise missiles or only blinds the optical instruments of satellites , depriving them of the ability to see targets ?
The answer to this question is still a “ military secret ” , but certain assumptions can be made .
At least on the example of the military-technical forum “ Army ” in Kubinka near Moscow .
This annual event of the Ministry of Defense is interesting not only for its demonstration program at the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and practical conferences , the ability to approach the tank ’ s developer and learn all the “ secrets ” without “ agreement ” with the press service of the enterprise .
But also due to the fact that among the equipment exhibited on a static site , promising weapons models that determine the development of the genus or type of armed forces can be modestly , without additional advertising .
This year , the Strategic Missile Forces put up two KamAZ vehicles , under the tents of the bodies of which the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , they are one-on-one similar to the “ white ” block leaving the “ green ” container of the Peresvet complex .
The information leaflet said that the installations were designed “ for high-precision measurements of the trajectories of moving air objects with their preliminary radar detection at a great distance and automatic tracking.
” This definition can include airplanes , helicopters , rockets , shells , and even satellites .
Assuming that the Heather is paired with Relight , it can be concluded that the mission of the latter can be to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ as reconnaissance satellites and an early warning system for a missile attack .
In any case , Peresvet was repeatedly mentioned in the context of the 15th Army of the Aerospace Forces ( special forces ) , which is responsible for warning about a missile attack , reconnaissance of the space situation and control of orbital groups .
However , this is an assumption .
The same thing remains important – in Russia , energy sources have been created that allow developing weapons on new physical principles : laser , electromagnetic , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ or only blinds electronics – the second thing .

The Peresvet laser complex has been on combat duty since December 2019, the Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces Valery Gerasimov recently told a foreign military attache.
The army general was stingy on the details. He only noted that the Peresvet service will be held in one of the “position areas of mobile soil missile systems,” and his task will be to “cover their maneuvering operations.”
However, for specialists, this is enough. After all, it turns out that, firstly, the product is not a propaganda fake (as many foreign media wrote) and, secondly, it is the first combat laser system put into service in the world.
Not a cartoon
The existence of Peresvet was revealed by Vladimir Putin in his annual address to the Federal Assembly in 2018. Already this year in Sochi, he noted that laser systems will determine the potential of the army and navy for the entire 21st century. Their development uses domestic optics and highly sensitive optoelectronics, the head of state emphasized.
There is no doubt in these words. Of several demos with the latest Russian developments (hypersonic maneuvering Vanguard, the deadly Dagger and Zircon, atomic self-propelled Burevestnik and Poseidon), only the plot with Relight was shown real, not cartoonish equipment. Although the “Vanguard” has already been shown to the Americans, and the photographs of the “Dagger” have bypassed the media, which means that it is also not a cartoon.
Nevertheless, the hype surrounding Peresvet and without documentary, personnel abounds. Oil was also added to the fire by an American under the nickname rambo54, who dug up maps in the wilds of Google with satellite images of objects very similar to those shown by the Russian Ministry of Defense. One of them is the position of the missile base in the village of Teykovo, Ivanovo Region, the second is the Strategic Missile Forces division in Novosibirsk.
According to the website “Strategic Nuclear Weapons of Russia”, as of the beginning of 2017, the first and second deployed mobile, or, as they are also called, mobile, ground strategic missile systems “Topol-M” and “Yars”. There are 354 of them in the Strategic Missile Forces. Actually, Valery Gerasimov reported on the “cover” or “protection” of these complexes from space and air attack means, speaking about the tasks that Peresvet should solve.
Out of sight
Under the START-2 agreement, the Russian Federation and the United States exchanged the coordinates of all our missile silos and the locations of mobile launchers. You don’t have to be a specialist to understand that they are aimed at strategic missiles of the NATO allies that support the US strategy of Prompt Global Strike.
It is assumed that under this plan, the US military will be able to deliver targeted attacks on any region of the world within 60 minutes. They want to do this with ballistic, hypersonic and cruise missiles. To do this, several thousand cars can be used simultaneously.
Mobile complexes “Topol-M” and “Yars” – one of the possibilities to counter these plans. The fact is that, unlike “mine” missiles, they do not carry out military service in any one particular place. Their patrol areas are “neighborhoods” of the deployment base, and for the period of the special period, entire Russian regions. And they will go to them not along public roads, but along the very forests and swamps.
As a result, they can be detected, which means that the first “disarming” strike missiles can be launched only with the help of satellites. Somehow opposing enemy satellites in such a situation is a possible calling of the Russian combat laser.
Already not exotic
“This is not exotic, not experimental or experimental products – we have already adopted individual samples of laser weapons,” said the new deputy defense minister in charge of the defense industry, Yuri Borisov at a ceremony dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Russian Federal Nuclear Center in Sarov, in August 2016.
There was the information in the media that work was underway in the country on the long-forgotten aviation laser complex 1A2, created on the basis of the Il-76 military transport aircraft. It was also reported that the Astrophysics research and production association (part of the Shvabe holding of the Rostec state corporation) brought to life the forgotten 1K17 Compression project – a laser complex built on the basis of the tank and designed to counteract optoelectronic devices, homing missiles and high-precision ammunition of the enemy. If in Soviet times it was located on the base of the tank, now it fits in the “body” of the Tiger armored car.
It is worth mentioning that the specialists of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Krylovsky Scientific Center, an institute without which no ship’s project will be implemented in metal, say that the country has created new nuclear reactors for promising ships and RITM 200 ships that produce 175 megawatts of power.
Their appearance made it possible to lay down a series of the largest and most powerful icebreakers of the new generation of project 22220 “Arctic”, and also in the future they should be equipped with destroyers of the new generation of project 23560 “Leader”. In the case of the latter, the Krylovites openly say that laser and electromagnetic guns can be deployed on them.
Spear of light
Laser weapons are not something extraordinary for our scientists and industry. Its development began back in the 1960s and by the 1990s it reached concrete samples. For example, in 1995, after the division of the Black Sea Fleet, Ukraine sold the Dikson auxiliary tanker to the United States.
An unremarkable ship went to the buyer at the price of scrap metal. When viewed in the holds were 35-megawatt power generators, special rotary mechanisms, large-capacity refrigeration units and many other types of equipment that clearly stated that the ship carried a laser gun on board.
The developers of the first combat hyperboloid recalled that it needed at least 50 megawatts of electricity to work. Therefore, three jet engines from a Tu-154 passenger aircraft were additionally “attached” to marine diesels. The product several times participated in practical tests, burned coastal objects and even cruise missiles.
Just a few seconds of exposure to a flying object – and a small burnt hole led to the complete destruction of a rocket or warhead. The success was so inspiring that the leadership of the Navy, before obtaining any specific practical results, provided for the placement of laser guns on a series of Kiev-carrying cruisers of the Kiev type under construction. This is 20 years before the appearance of weapons.
However, euphoria quickly gave way to disappointment. During the tests, the laser gun, although it showed its effectiveness, was so voracious that only a couple of salvos completely de-energized the ship, depriving it of its course. The most “energy-efficient” was the laser in the Kazakh Sary-Shagan. The Terra-3 complex confidently shot down attacking warheads. With one nuance – its work was provided by a nuclear power plant.
Actually, the problem with compact and efficient power sources has put an end to the development of Soviet and American lasers. The appearance of Peresvet, the Burevestnik nuclear missile of unlimited flight time, or the Poseidon underwater drone suggests that Russian scientists have made a fundamental breakthrough in the creation of small-sized autonomous – atomic – energy sources.
Secret to the whole world
And yet, what tasks does Peresvet solve? Does he burn attacking warheads and cruise missiles or only blinds the optical instruments of satellites, depriving them of the ability to see targets? The answer to this question is still a “military secret”, but certain assumptions can be made. At least on the example of the military-technical forum “Army” in Kubinka near Moscow.
This annual event of the Ministry of Defense is interesting not only for its demonstration program at the training ground, an abundance of scientific and practical conferences, the ability to approach the tank’s developer and learn all the “secrets” without “agreement” with the press service of the enterprise. But also due to the fact that among the equipment exhibited on a static site, promising weapons models that determine the development of the genus or type of armed forces can be modest, without additional advertising.
This year, the Strategic Missile Forces put up two KamAZ vehicles, under the tents of the bodies of which the Veresk optoelectronic stations were hiding. Externally, they are one-on-one similar to the “white” block leaving the “green” container of the Peresvet complex.
The information leaflet said that the installations were designed “for high-precision measurements of the trajectories of moving air objects with their preliminary radar detection at a great distance and automatic tracking.” This definition can include airplanes, helicopters, rockets, shells, and even satellites.
Assuming that the Heather is paired with Relight, it can be concluded that the mission of the latter can be to disable missiles, warheads, as well as reconnaissance satellites and an early warning system for a missile attack. In any case, Peresvet was repeatedly mentioned in the context of the 15th Army of the Aerospace Forces (special forces), which is responsible for warning about a missile attack, reconnaissance of the space situation and control of orbital groups.
However, this is an assumption. The same thing remains important – in Russia, energy sources have been created that allow developing weapons on new physical principles: laser, electromagnetic, and kinetic. But it burns, destroys or only blinds electronics – the second thing.


veteranstoday--2020-02-18--Breaking: New report confirms Duff analysis of MH 17 correct, No BUK missiles in the area

“ One of the things we settled on early on is that in the middle of the day , if this were a Buk missile , the contrail would have been seen for 50 miles [ 80km ] .
The contrail itself would have been photographed by thousands of people ; it would have been on Instagram , on Twitter , it would have been all over YouTube – and no one saw it .
You can ’ t fire a missile on a flat area in the middle of the day leaving a smoke trail into the air and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Duff said .
“ There is no reliable information supporting that it was a Buk missile fired by anyone , ” he added .
( March 2 , 2015 during a live broadcast on RT/Moscow ) Sputnik/Moscow : Leaked papers pertaining to the finalised JIT investigation that the source has bona fide reason to believe are authentic do not corroborate the study ’ s findings .
They cite witness testimonies as well as a number of discrepancies in the probe that suggest the Boeing was downed by an air-to-air missile , rather than @ @ @ @ @ @ @ data from unpublished MH17 Joint Investigation Team documents obtained and analysed by Bonanza Media investigative journalist Max van der Werff , there were no Buk missile systems in the vicinity of where the Malaysian Airlines Boeing crashed in eastern Ukraine on 17 July 2014 .
The journalist concludes , citing a letter from Dutch Military Intelligence , that it “ becomes apparent that flight MH17 was flying beyond the range of all identified and operational Ukrainian and Russian locations where 9K37M1 Buk M1 systems were deployed ” .
The letter , dated 21 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ week before JIT held a press-conference on 28 September , proves the Dutch team obtained evidence that no Russian Buk system had crossed into Ukraine from Russia only days before the presser , der Werff wrote .
Another leak studied by the journalist is the text of an interview conducted by a Dutch police officer on 28 July 2015 with a male witness from Ukraine , as well as the man ’ s in-depth email where he described the timeline of events .
He reportedly recalled two fighter jets in the sky circling @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Boeing 777 went down following a loud bang over his head and a horizontal white trail penetrating the sky .
“ Two airplanes were audible , not the big one , the Boeing , but fighter jets were audible since these were constantly flying overhead , the noise had already become familiar ” , he is quoted by der Werff as saying .
According to the resident of the Torez suburbs , roughly 20 kilometres from Hrabove , where the Boeing crashed , no missiles were fired from the ground in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the earlier circulated photos of the incident contain inconsistencies .
“ This photograph that served as evidence of the missile is erroneous , since the photograph showed different weather conditions ” , the man explained , adding : “ Because at that time the sky was rather heavily overcast .
The position of the Sun in that photograph is unlike the Sun you see at 17:00 hrs ” .
Then there is another leak suggesting that roughly a year after the crash , between 22 April 2015 and 2 July 2015 , imagery @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Johns from Australia were still examining the circulated non-primary images dated around the time of the crash and first published by Paris Match .
As part of the so-dubbed Operation AVENELLA , they reportedly concluded that the metadata from these files “ appears to have been manipulated .
For example , the date modified is prior to the date the file was created ” , something that the pros believe is not accidental .
Three of the four analysed images were found to have been antedated : so that the day of creation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ date .
“ Various reasons could explain why this is so , none can be proved without additional information ” , Max van der Werff concludes , adding separately that the image dimensions vary , suggesting the images could have been cropped , or intentionally resaved in a smaller format .
The last but not least leak is a “ Record Of Interview ” ( ROI ) between an officer from the Australian Federal Police and German journalist Billy Six .
In the shorthand report , Six talks among other things , about @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the sky on the day of the MH17 ’ s demise .
Max van der Werff asserted he knows his colleague Six in person .
“ The latter confirmed to me he was interviewed a day before the Dutch Safety Board held a press conference on 13 October 2015″ , der Werff wrote noting this information matches the transcript mentioning 12 October 2015 as the date of the ROI .
The journalist said this is “ a strong indication that the batch of JIT documents leaked to us is authentic ” .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ the source who had provided him with the JIT documents .
Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17 was en route from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur when it was downed over eastern Ukraine on 17 July 2014 as the region was mired in a conflict with the new Ukrainian government set up after a coup in Kiev earlier that year .
As a result , all 298 passengers – largely Dutch – and crew on board were killed in the crash .
Kiev and the self-proclaimed republics in the east of the country blamed each other @ @ @ @ @ @ @ contending that the military equipment they had at their disposal would not allow them to shoot down an aircraft at that altitude .
The US and a number of European nations blamed the incident on Russia , a claim that was made even before an official investigation was launched , with the West repeatedly citing Russia being at odds with Ukraine over Crimea and Donbass .
A Joint Investigative Team ( JIT ) consisting of Australia , Belgium , Malaysia , the Netherlands , and Ukraine was set up to probe the MH17 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the process despite the latter ’ s offers of assistance and readiness to help investigate the incident .
The JIT probe concluded last year that the aircraft was downed by a Buk missile , purportedly launched from a Russian anti-aircraft missile brigade stationed in the city of Kursk , not far from the Ukrainian border .
However , no concrete evidence has hitherto been provided as proof , with the Russian side dissatisfied by the Netherlands ’ unwillingness to make use of Russia ’ s domestic investigation results .
Three Russian nationals @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Sergei Dubinsky , and Oleg Pulato .
One Ukrainian , Leonid Kharchenko has also been charged , with a trial scheduled for 9 March .
As the investigation into the MH17 tragedy continues in eastern Ukraine , the SU-25 ’ s chief designer has told German media that the fighter jet could not possibly have taken down the passenger plane .
RT spoke to former pilots about the jet ’ s capabilities .
Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 , en route from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur , crashed down over rebel-held eastern Ukraine @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on board – 283 passengers and 15 crew members – perished in the tragedy .
A report on the official investigation published in September 2014 said the crash was a result of structural damage caused by a large number of high-energy objects that struck the Boeing from the outside .
However , it did not conclude what the objects were , where they came from , or who was responsible .
Kiev and some Western states have placed blame on eastern Ukraine militias and Russia .
The Russian Defense Ministry shared radar data @ @ @ @ @ @ @ including an attack by a Ukrainian Sukhoi-25 fighter jet , which was said to have been tracking the passenger plane .
While an official international investigation into the crash has been dragging on for nine months , the debate into the cause of the tragedy has been once again reignited by recent comments from the chief designer of the SU-25 .
READ MORE : MH17 broke up in mid-air due to external damage – Dutch preliminary report Kiev-born Soviet and Russian aircraft designer Vladimir Babak said on Monday that the SU-25 jet – @ @ @ @ @ @ @ at the moment it crashed down – did not have the capability to shoot down a passenger plane .
He said the fighter jet could have successfully attacked the Boeing at an altitude of 3,000-4,000 meters , but not at the plane ’ s altitude of 10,500 meters .
He added that air-to-air missiles would have only damaged the Boeing – not completely destroyed it while still in the air .
“ I believe all allegations that a SU-25 could be involved into this tragedy are a cover-up attempt , ” Babak said @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and WDR .
“ I can not explain it otherwise .
We can not understand how an SU-25 could take down the Boeing.
” However , several former top officials and SU-25 pilots disagree with Babak .
Based on the analysis of the plane debris and the nature of the damage , there is a high probability the plane was stuck by an air-to-air missile and an aircraft gun , Lieutenant General Aleksandr Maslov , former deputy chief of the Russian Air Defense and Land Forces , told RT .
“ The published @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ] enable to assume that the Boeing was downed by a military jet .
Besides that , the existing damage indicates that the airplane was shot with air-to-air missiles together with an aircraft gun with a 30mm caliber , ” Maslov said .
Claims that the passenger plane was downed by a surface-to-air Buk missile “ can not be supported , ” as the nature of the damage from the missiles is different , he added .
Commenting on the jet ’ s ability to maneuver at higher altitudes , the former commander @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Sergey Borysyuk , noted that the jet would have had the capability to “ maneuver comfortably , ” even at such a high altitude .
“ I personally flew , and not once , at an altitude of 12,000 meters… , ” he said .
“ My colleagues have risen to an altitude of 14,000 meters .
The altitude of 10,500 was officially authorized during operations in Afghanistan .
Therefore the plane , even at an altitude of 12,000 meters , has the capability to maneuver comfortably , its aerodynamic characteristics enable it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the R-60 missiles on the SU-25 have an infrared homing and a rod warhead .
Citing the nature of the plane ’ s debris and the “ precisely sliced fuselage , ” he said that R-60 missiles were possibly used .
“ The firing range of the missile is 7.5km .
And in those conditions , the probability of hitting the target increases , ” he added .
The former chief commander of Russia ’ s Air Force , Vladimir Mikhailov , also said he flew the SU-25 , reaching an altitude of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ He also stated that the plane “ comfortably maneuvers ” at such heights .
“ If the plane was downed by Buk [ missile defense system ] , it would have almost immediately fallen to pieces in the air and we could not have witnessed such large debris on the ground , ” he said .
Along with Russia ’ s Ministry of Defense , he also questioned why the MH17 flight stayed within the flying corridor until it reached Donetsk , but then deviated from the route to the north .
In @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of Defense presented military monitoring data which showed Kiev military jets tracking MH17 shortly before the crash and posed a set of questions to Ukraine over the circumstances of the tragedy , which have still not been answered .
‘ You can ’ t fire Buk missile in broad daylight with no witnesses ’ Speculation about the combat capabilities of the SU-25 jet stem from the Russian definition of the aircraft ’ s service ceiling – which is not the same as its absolute ceiling , as defined by the US military , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ RT .
“ The claimed service ceiling is based on the oxygen supply in the aircraft .
Now , there is a claim that this plane [ SU-25 ] will only work to 22,000 feet .
At the end of World War II , a German ME-262 would fly at 40,000 feet , a P-51 Mustang propeller plane flew at 44,000 feet .
The SU-25 was developed as an analogue of the A-10 Thunderbolt , an American attack plane .
The planes have almost identical performance , except that the SU-25 is faster @ @ @ @ @ @ @ has a service ceiling of 45,000 feet .
The US estimates the absolute ceiling , which is a different term , ” Duff explained .
The known estimate for the absolute ceiling of the SU-25 is 52,000 feet ( 15.8km ) , he added .
Moreover , Duff said one can not be entirely sure the detected fighter jet was an SU-25 at all , as modern radar spoofing counter-measures – such as those designed by BAE Systems and employed by NATO – are able to mask any other aircraft , be it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ plane .
Duff said he also discussed the possibility of the MH17 flight having been shot by a ground-to-air missile with experts from the FAA ( Federal Aviation Administration ) , the FBI , the Air Line Pilots Association , as well as air traffic and air operational officers – and they all agreed that no proof of anti-aircraft missile use has been provided to the public .
It is highly unlikely that the launch of such a missile would have gone unnoticed in the area , Duff stressed , adding that the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ air would have been witnessed and filmed by “ thousands.
” “ One of the things we settled on early on is that in the middle of the day , if this were a Buk missile , the contrail would have been seen for 50 miles [ 80km ] .
The contrail itself would have been photographed by thousands of people ; it would have been on Instagram , on Twitter , it would have been all over YouTube – and no one saw it .
You can ’ t fire a missile @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the day leaving a smoke trail into the air and having everyone not see it , ” Duff said .
“ There is no reliable information supporting that it was a Buk missile fired by anyone , ” he added .

“One of the things we settled on early on is that in the middle of the day if this were a Buk missile, the contrail would have been seen for 50 miles [80km].
The contrail itself would have been photographed by thousands of people; it would have been on Instagram, on Twitter, it would have been all over YouTube – and no one saw it. You can’t fire a missile on a flat area in the middle of the day leaving a smoke trail into the air and having everyone not see it,” Duff said.
“There is no reliable information supporting that it was a Buk missile fired by anyone,” he added. (March 2, 2015, during a live broadcast on RT/Moscow)
Sputnik/Moscow: Leaked papers pertaining to the finalized JIT investigation that the source has bona fide reason to believe are authentic do not corroborate the study’s findings. They cite witness testimonies as well as a number of discrepancies in the probe that suggest the Boeing was downed by an air-to-air missile, rather than a surface-to-air rocket. According to new data from unpublished MH17 Joint Investigation Team documents obtained and analyzed by Bonanza Media investigative journalist Max van der Werff, there were no Buk missile systems in the vicinity of where the Malaysian Airlines Boeing crashed in eastern Ukraine on 17 July 2014. The journalist concludes, citing a letter from Dutch Military Intelligence, that it “becomes apparent that flight MH17 was flying beyond the range of all identified and operational Ukrainian and Russian locations where 9K37M1 Buk M1 systems were deployed”. The letter, dated 21 September 2016, which is exactly one week before JIT held a press conference on 28 September, proves the Dutch team obtained evidence that no Russian Buk system had crossed into Ukraine from Russia only days before the presser, der Werff wrote. Fighter Jets ‘Audible’ Another leak studied by the journalist is the text of an interview conducted by a Dutch police officer on 28 July 2015 with a male witness from Ukraine, as well as the man’s in-depth email where he described the timeline of events. He reportedly recalled two fighter jets in the sky circling over the town a few minutes before the Boeing 777 went down following a loud bang over his head and a horizontal white trail penetrating the sky. “Two airplanes were audible, not the big one, the Boeing, but fighter jets were audible since these were constantly flying overhead, the noise had already become familiar”, he is quoted by der Werff as saying. According to the resident of the Torez suburbs, roughly 20 kilometers from Hrabove, where the Boeing crashed, no missiles were fired from the ground in the immediate vicinity. Separately, he assumed the earlier circulated photos of the incident contain inconsistencies. “This photograph that served as evidence of the missile is erroneous since the photograph showed different weather conditions”, the man explained, adding: “Because at that time the sky was rather heavily overcast. The position of the Sun in that photograph is unlike the Sun you see at 17:00 hrs”. Image Metadata Altered? Then there is another leak suggesting that roughly a year after the crash, between 22 April 2015 and 2 July 2015, imagery specialist Shaun Ellis and geospatial analyst Tim Johns from Australia were still examining the circulated non-primary images dated around the time of the crash and first published by Paris Match. As part of the so-dubbed Operation AVENELLA, they reportedly concluded that the metadata from these files “appears to have been manipulated. For example, the date modified is prior to the date the file was created”, something that the pros believe is not accidental. Three of the four analysed images were found to have been antedated: so that the day of creation fell after, not before the modification date. “Various reasons could explain why this is so, none can be proved without additional information”, Max van der Werff concludes, adding separately that the image dimensions vary, suggesting the images could have been cropped, or intentionally resaved in a smaller format. More Witness Data The last but not least leak is a “Record Of Interview” (ROI) between an officer from the Australian Federal Police and German journalist Billy Six. In the shorthand report, Six talks among other things, about those witnesses that saw Ukrainian fighter jets in the sky on the day of the MH17’s demise. Max van der Werff asserted he knows his colleague Six in person. “The latter confirmed to me he was interviewed a day before the Dutch Safety Board held a press conference on 13 October 2015″, der Werff wrote noting this information matches the transcript mentioning 12 October 2015 as the date of the ROI. The journalist said this is “a strong indication that the batch of JIT documents leaked to us is authentic”. He, however, refused to specify the source who had provided him with the JIT documents. Dutch-Led Five-Year MH17 Probe Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17 was en route from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur when it was downed over eastern Ukraine on 17 July 2014 as the region was mired in a conflict with the new Ukrainian government set up after a coup in Kiev earlier that year. As a result, all 298 passengers – largely Dutch – and crew on board were killed in the crash. Kiev and the self-proclaimed republics in the east of the country blamed each other for the downing, with the republics contending that the military equipment they had at their disposal would not allow them to shoot down an aircraft at that altitude. The US and a number of European nations blamed the incident on Russia, a claim that was made even before an official investigation was launched, with the West repeatedly citing Russia being at odds with Ukraine over Crimea and Donbass. A Joint Investigative Team (JIT) consisting of Australia, Belgium, Malaysia, the Netherlands, and Ukraine was set up to probe the MH17 case, but Russia was left out of the process despite the latter’s offers of assistance and readiness to help investigate the incident. The JIT probe concluded last year that the aircraft was downed by a Buk missile, purportedly launched from a Russian anti-aircraft missile brigade stationed in the city of Kursk, not far from the Ukrainian border. However, no concrete evidence has hitherto been provided as proof, with the Russian side dissatisfied by the Netherlands’ unwillingness to make use of Russia’s domestic investigation results. Three Russian nationals were charged with murder – Igor Girkin, Sergei Dubinsky, and Oleg Pulato. One Ukrainian, Leonid Kharchenko has also been charged, with a trial scheduled for 9 March.* March 2, 2015, for VT and Russia Today
As the investigation into the MH17 tragedy continues in eastern Ukraine, the SU-25’s chief designer has told German media that the fighter jet could not possibly have taken down the passenger plane. RT spoke to former pilots about the jet’s capabilities.
Malaysia Airlines flight MH17, en route from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur, crashed down over rebel-held eastern Ukraine on July 17, 2014. Everyone on board – 283 passengers and 15 crew members – perished in the tragedy.
A report on the official investigation published in September 2014 said the crash was a result of structural damage caused by a large number of high-energy objects that struck the Boeing from the outside. However, it did not conclude what the objects were, where they came from, or who was responsible.
Kiev and some Western states have placed blame on eastern Ukraine militias and Russia. The Russian Defense Ministry shared radar data pointing to other possibilities in July – including an attack by a Ukrainian Sukhoi-25 fighter jet, which was said to have been tracking the passenger plane.
While an official international investigation into the crash has been dragging on for nine months, the debate into the cause of the tragedy has been once again reignited by recent comments from the chief designer of the SU-25.
READ MORE: MH17 broke up in mid-air due to external damage – Dutch preliminary report
Kiev-born Soviet and Russian aircraft designer Vladimir Babak said on Monday that the SU-25 jet – which was spotted tracking the MH17 Boeing at the moment it crashed down – did not have the capability to shoot down a passenger plane. He said the fighter jet could have successfully attacked the Boeing at an altitude of 3,000-4,000 meters, but not at the plane’s altitude of 10,500 meters. He added that air-to-air missiles would have only damaged the Boeing – not completely destroyed it while still in the air.
“I believe all allegations that a SU-25 could be involved in this tragedy are a cover-up attempt,” Babak said in an interview to German channels NDR and WDR. “I cannot explain it otherwise. We cannot understand how a SU-25 could take down the Boeing.”
‘SU-25 capable of high altitude flights, can carry powerful missiles’
However, several former top officials and SU-25 pilots disagree with Babak.
Based on the analysis of the plane debris and the nature of the damage, there is a high probability the plane was struck by an air-to-air missile and an aircraft gun, Lieutenant General Aleksandr Maslov, former deputy chief of the Russian Air Defense and Land Forces, told RT.
“The published photos [from the MH17 crash site] enable us to assume that the Boeing was downed by a military jet. Besides that, the existing damage indicates that the airplane was shot with air-to-air missiles together with an aircraft gun with a 30mm caliber,” Maslov said.
Claims that the passenger plane was downed by a surface-to-air Buk missile “cannot be supported,” as the nature of the damage from the missiles is different, he added.
Commenting on the jet’s ability to maneuver at higher altitudes, the former commander of an aviation division, Major General Sergey Borysyuk, noted that the jet would have had the capability to “maneuver comfortably,” even at such a high altitude.
“I personally flew, and not once, at an altitude of 12,000 meters…,” he said. “My colleagues have risen to an altitude of 14,000 meters. The altitude of 10,500 was officially authorized during operations in Afghanistan. Therefore the plane, even at an altitude of 12,000 meters, has the capability to maneuver comfortably, its aerodynamic characteristics enable it to do so.”
Borysyuk explained that the R-60 missiles on the SU-25 have an infrared homing and a rod warhead. Citing the nature of the plane’s debris and the “precisely sliced fuselage,” he said that R-60 missiles were possibly used.
“The firing range of the missile is 7.5km. And in those conditions, the probability of hitting the target increases,” he added.
Read more
The former chief commander of Russia’s Air Force, Vladimir Mikhailov, also said he flew the SU-25, reaching an altitude of 12,000 meters and even 14,000 meters. He also stated that the plane “comfortably maneuvers” at such heights.
“If the plane was downed by Buk [missile defense system], it would have almost immediately fallen to pieces in the air and we could not have witnessed such large debris on the ground,” he said.
Along with Russia’s Ministry of Defense, he also questioned why the MH17 flight stayed within the flying corridor until it reached Donetsk, but then deviated from the route to the north.
In July 2014, Russia’s Ministry of Defense presented military monitoring data which showed Kiev military jets tracking MH17 shortly before the crash and posed a set of questions to Ukraine over the circumstances of the tragedy, which have still not been answered.
‘You can’t fire Buk missile in broad daylight with no witnesses’
Speculation about the combat capabilities of the SU-25 jet stem from the Russian definition of the aircraft’s service ceiling – which is not the same as its absolute ceiling, as defined by the US military, VT senior editor Gordon Duff told RT.
“The claimed service ceiling is based on the oxygen supply in the aircraft. Now, there is a claim that this plane [SU-25] will only work to 22,000 feet. At the end of World War II, a German ME-262 would fly at 40,000 feet, a P-51 Mustang propeller plane flew at 44,000 feet. The SU-25 was developed as an analog of the A-10 Thunderbolt, an American attack plane. The planes have almost identical performance, except that the SU-25 is faster and more powerful. The A-10 Thunderbolt has a service ceiling of 45,000 feet. The US estimates the absolute ceiling, which is a different term,” Duff explained.
The known estimate for the absolute ceiling of the SU-25 is 52,000 feet (15.8km), he added.
Moreover, Duff said one cannot be entirely sure the detected fighter jet was a SU-25 at all, as modern radar spoofing counter-measures – such as those designed by BAE Systems and employed by NATO – are able to mask any other aircraft, be it a SU-27 or F-15, as another plane.
Duff said he also discussed the possibility of the MH17 flight having been shot by a ground-to-air missile with experts from the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), the FBI, the Air Line Pilots Association, as well as air traffic and air operational officers – and they all agreed that no proof of anti-aircraft missile use has been provided to the public.
It is highly unlikely that the launch of such a missile would have gone unnoticed in the area, Duff stressed, adding that the trail left by the rocket in the air would have been witnessed and filmed by “thousands.”
“One of the things we settled on early on is that in the middle of the day, if this were a Buk missile, the contrail would have been seen for 50 miles [80km]. The contrail itself would have been photographed by thousands of people; it would have been on Instagram, on Twitter, it would have been all over YouTube – and no one saw it. You can’t fire a missile on a flat area in the middle of the day leaving a smoke trail into the air and having everyone not see it,” Duff said.
“There is no reliable information supporting that it was a Buk missile fired by anyone,” he added.


veteranstoday--2020-02-18--Florence Nightingale: ‘Health Care Is a Human Right’

She ’ s the “ avenging angel , ” the “ ministering angel , ” the “ lady with the lamp ” —the brave woman whose name would become synonymous with selflessness and compassion .
Yet as Britain prepares to celebrate Florence Nightingale ’ s 200th birthday on May 12—with a wreath-laying at Waterloo Place , a special version of the annual Procession of the Lamp at Westminster Abbey , a two-day conference on nursing and global health sponsored by the Florence Nightingale Foundation , and tours of her summer home in Derbyshire—scholars are debating her reputation and accomplishments .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ ’ s role as a caregiver , pointing out that she served as a nurse for only three years .
Meanwhile , perhaps surprisingly , some British nurses themselves have suggested they are tired of working in her shadow .
But researchers are calling attention to her pioneering work as a statistician and as an early advocate for the modern idea that health care is a human right .
Mark Bostridge , author of the biography Florence Nightingale , attributes much of the controversy to Nightingale ’ s defiance of Victorian conventions .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ an intellectually powerful woman whose primary aim has nothing to do with men or family , ” Bostridge told me .
“ I think misogyny…read more .

by Joshua Hammer/Photographs by Tina Hiller/Smithsonian Magazine March 2020
She’s the “avenging angel,” the “ministering angel,” the “lady with the lamp”—the brave woman whose name would become synonymous with selflessness and compassion.
Yet as Britain prepares to celebrate Florence Nightingale’s 200th birthday on May 12—with a wreath-laying at Waterloo Place, a special version of the annual Procession of the Lamp at Westminster Abbey, a two-day conference on nursing and global health sponsored by the Florence Nightingale Foundation, and tours of her summer home in Derbyshire—scholars are debating her reputation and accomplishments.
Detractors recently have chipped away at Nightingale’s role as a caregiver, pointing out that she served as a nurse for only three years. Meanwhile, perhaps surprisingly, some British nurses themselves have suggested they are tired of working in her shadow.
But researchers are calling attention to her pioneering work as a statistician and as an early advocate for the modern idea that health care is a human right. Mark Bostridge, the author of the biography Florence Nightingale, attributes much of the controversy to Nightingale’s defiance of Victorian conventions. “
We are very uncomfortable still with an intellectually powerful woman whose primary aim has nothing to do with men or family,” Bostridge told me. “I think misogyny…


veteranstoday--2020-02-18--WHO Objects to Robert Steele’s Saying It’s Radiation Sickness, Not a Virus

Tip of the Hat to the WHO officials calling around to try to kill my stories .
Too late .
@ @ @ @ @ post with two very important pointers that establish definitively that most of this ( not @ @ @ @ @ are the truth teller ) is radiation sickness from 5G and microwave including satellite microwave @ @ @ @ @ that fact and begin addressing the electromagnetics , the march of death will continue , @ @ @ @ @ smokers , and Asians .
There is good news .
Please subscribe if you have @ @ @ @ @ video , and encourage others — I plan to make this the BEST public intelligence @ @ @ @ @ exciting place for continuing education across a diversity of non-fiction topical areas ( I read @ @ @ @ @ a loot at https : //tinyurl.com/Steele-Top-Books .

Tip of the Hat to the WHO officials calling around to try to kill my stories. Too late.
Most of you will have been to the published article “Robert Steele in Tehran Times: Interview A Counterintelligence Perspective on the Wuhan Virus – A Zionist Bio-War False Flag Attack?” on my blog.
And the aggregate updated post “Robert Steele: China Coronavirus — UPDATE: Radiation Sickness”
I have updated that latter post with two very important pointers that establish definitively that most of this (not all but the cruise ships are the truth-teller) is radiation sickness from 5G and microwave including satellite microwave.
Until all governments accept that fact and begin addressing the electromagnetics, the march of death will continue, particularly among the old, smokers, and Asians. There is good news. Please subscribe if you have not already, share the video, and encourage others. I plan to make this the BEST public intelligence channel on YouTube, an exciting place for continuing education across a diversity of non-fiction topical areas (I read in 97 areas, have a loot at “Steele on Books & America: Love it or Lose it!” Here’s the image if you want to use it elsewhere:
Robert David Steele is the conceptualizer of integrated election reform (#UNRIG) and the integration of holistic analytics, true cost economics, and Open Source Everything Engineering (OSEE) such that we can achieve a prosperous world at peace at 10-20% the cost of the failed Western economic model burdened by banks and lawyers. A former US spy and co-founder of the Marine Corps Intelligence Activity, he is today the Chief Enabling Officer (CeO) of Earth Intelligence Network, a 501c3, and now also CeO of Open Source Everything (OSE Inc.). He continues his education with non-fiction reading, posting over 2,000 reviews across 98 categories; his hobbies include off-shore sailing and racketball.


veteranstoday--2020-02-18--Government of Pakistan:  Launches First Nationwide Program For Vaccinating Against Polio

Health Editor ’ s Note : The U.S. has had no cases of polio , originating in this country , since 1979 .
We did have a case of polio , in 1993 , which was brought in by an out of country traveler .
Unlike the U.S. , Pakistan has not successfully eradicated polio .
A first nationwide vaccination campaign will read over 39 million children .
Since the U.S. has not seem victims of the polios virus for four decades American might have forgotten the devastation and death this virus caused .
Polio used to be the most @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 50,000 people had polio every year during the decades of the 40s and 50s .
Movie theaters , public pools were off limits due to the scare that the virus would be spread .
Polio still affects adults and children in Asia and Africa .
For those of you who have not experienced seeing the devastating effects of the polio virus first hand , the main cause of death was paralysis of the muscles , including those which are used for breathing .
Before the development of respirators , children and adults were @ @ @ @ @ @ @ them .
People die from a polio infection and if they do not die , there can be progressive joint and muscle weakness and pain , wasting of the muscles , swallowing and breathing disorders , etc .
…..Carol Lahore , 18 February 2020 – The Secretary General of the United Nations António Guterres today visited a kindergarten school in Lahore during the first nationwide polio campaign of the year and vaccinated 3 students with the polio vaccine .
More than 39 million children across the country are set to be vaccinated during @ @ @ @ @ @ @ commented on the polio eradication efforts of the country , saying that , “ Polio is one of the few diseases we can eradicate in the world in the next few years .
This is a priority of the United Nations and I am extremely happy to see it is a clear priority for the Government of Pakistan.
” “ My appeal to all leaders , religious leaders , community leaders , is to fully support the Government of Pakistan and other governments around the world to make sure that we will be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ part of his visit , the United Nations Secretary General met with frontline workers of the Pakistan Polio Eradication Programme and expressed his deep solidarity .
There are currently 265 000 frontline workers who go door to door during campaigns to ensure that as many children as possible are vaccinated against polio .
Almost 62 % of these workers are female .
Women are key to helping the programme rally community members , parents and caregivers in support of polio eradication .
Dr Yasmin Rashid , the Health Minister for Punjab , welcomed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ kindergarten school .
Dr Rashid briefed the UN mission on Pakistan ’ s progress in polio eradication , the remaining challenges being faced by the country , and strategies being currently implemented to interrupt virus transmission .
She further praised the efforts of the United Nations in assisting Pakistan to achieve a polio-free status .
“ The Government of Pakistan thanks the United Nations for their support and commitment to end Pakistan ’ s battle against polio .
We are committed to working as “ one team under one roof ” and believe @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , ” Dr Yasmin Rashid said .
In 2019 , Pakistan was confronted with a resurgence of polio beyond traditional strongholds of the virus .
Wild poliovirus cases increased from 12 in 2018 to 144 by the end of 2019 .
There are 17 cases thus far in 2020. WHO Pakistan Representative Dr Palitha Malipala said the visit comes at a time when the Pakistan Polio Eradication Programme is re-strategizing its operations and approaches to better respond to increased transmission of the virus , one of which includes incorporating high level commitment to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
“ Polio eradication remains a top priority for WHO and the global polio partnership .
We will continue to support the Government of Pakistan , who spearhead this initiative in country , to overcome the challenges of the last year and put in place robust measures to ensure a polio-free world for future generations , ” he said .
Aligning with other UN programmes , the Pakistan Polio Eradication Programme is also committed to keeping its health workers safe , including by reiterating that health workers are never a target .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the world with wild poliovirus transmission , with cases detected in Afghanistan as well as Pakistan .
The concerted commitment to improving operations shown by both countries will be key to eradicating the virus and keeping the Region , and the world , safe from polio .

Health Editor’s Note: The U.S. has had no cases of polio, originating in this country, since 1979. We did have a case of polio, in 1993, which was brought in by an out of country traveler. Unlike the U.S., Pakistan has not successfully eradicated polio. A first nationwide vaccination campaign will read over 39 million children.
Since the U.S. has not seemed victims of the poliovirus for four decades American might have forgotten the devastation and death this virus caused. Polio used to be the most feared virus and before vaccination programs, 50,000 people had polio every year during the decades of the 40s and 50s. Movie theaters, public pools were off-limits due to the scare that the virus would be spread.
Polio still affects adults and children in Asia and Africa. For those of you who have not experienced seeing the devastating effects of the poliovirus first hand, the main cause of death was paralysis of the muscles, including those which are used for breathing. Before the development of respirators, children and adults were placed into iron lungs which breathed for them.
People die from a polio infection and if they do not die, there can be progressive joint and muscle weakness and pain, wasting of the muscles, swallowing and breathing disorders, etc. …..Carol
Polio eradication on United Nations Secretary General’s agenda during Pakistan visit by World Health Organization Lahore, 18 February 2020 – The Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres today visited a kindergarten school in Lahore during the first nationwide polio campaign of the year and vaccinated 3 students with the polio vaccine. More than 39 million children across the country are set to be vaccinated during the February campaign. The Secretary-General commented on the polio eradication efforts of the country, saying that, “Polio is one of the few diseases we can eradicate in the world in the next few years. This is a priority of the United Nations and I am extremely happy to see it is a clear priority for the Government of Pakistan.” “My appeal to all leaders, religious leaders, community leaders, is to fully support the Government of Pakistan and other governments around the world to make sure that we will be able to fully eradicate polio.” As part of his visit, the United Nations Secretary-General met with frontline workers of the Pakistan Polio Eradication Programme and expressed his deep solidarity. There are currently 265 000 frontline workers who go door to door during campaigns to ensure that as many children as possible are vaccinated against polio. Almost 62% of these workers are female. Women are key to helping the program rally community members, parents and caregivers in support of polio eradication. Dr. Yasmin Rashid, the Health Minister for Punjab, welcomed the United Nations Secretary-General to the kindergarten school. Dr. Rashid briefed the UN mission on Pakistan’s progress in polio eradication, the remaining challenges being faced by the country, and strategies being currently implemented to interrupt virus transmission. She further praised the efforts of the United Nations in assisting Pakistan to achieve a polio-free status. “The Government of Pakistan thanks to the United Nations for their support and commitment to end Pakistan’s battle against polio. We are committed to working as “one team under one roof” and believe together, we can make Pakistan polio-free,” Dr. Yasmin Rashid said. In 2019, Pakistan was confronted with a resurgence of polio beyond traditional strongholds of the virus. Wild poliovirus cases increased from 12 in 2018 to 144 by the end of 2019. There are 17 cases thus far in 2020. WHO Pakistan Representative Dr. Palitha Malipala said the visit comes at a time when the Pakistan Polio Eradication Programme is re-strategizing its operations and approaches to better respond to increased transmission of the virus, one of which includes incorporating a high-level commitment to polio eradication from across the political strata. “Polio eradication remains a top priority for WHO and the global polio partnership. We will continue to support the Government of Pakistan, who spearheads this initiative in the country, to overcome the challenges of the last year and put in place robust measures to ensure a polio-free world for future generations,” he said. Aligning with other UN programs, the Pakistan Polio Eradication Programme is also committed to keeping its health workers safe, including by reiterating that health workers are never a target. The Eastern Mediterranean Region is the only region in the world with wild poliovirus transmission, with cases detected in Afghanistan as well as Pakistan. The concerted commitment to improving operations shown by both countries will be key to eradicating the virus and keeping the Region, and the world, safe from polio. Source: World Health Organization
Carol graduated from Riverside White Cross School of Nursing in Columbus, Ohio and received her diploma as a registered nurse. She attended Bowling Green State University where she received a Bachelor of Arts Degree in History and Literature. She attended the University of Toledo, College of Nursing, and received a Master’s of Nursing Science Degree as an Educator. She has traveled extensively, is a photographer, and writes on medical issues. Carol has three children RJ, Katherine, and Stephen – one daughter-in-law; Katie – two granddaughters; Isabella Marianna and Zoe Olivia – and one grandson, Alexander Paul. She also shares her life with her husband Gordon Duff, many cats, and two rescues. Carol’s Archives 2009-2013