bbc--2020-05-07--'Do not despair, do not yield'

'Do not despair, do not yield'

VE Day is an event clouded in mythology .
Allan Little looks at what really happened that day , in Britain and throughout Europe , using the BBC archive .
On the afternoon of 8 May 1945 , BBC war correspondent Wynford Vaughan-Thomas stood in the town square of the medieval city of Luneburg in north-western Germany .
RAF aircraft flew .
A white sheet of surrender hung from one of the windows of the old town hall .
`` The leading citizens of Luneburg are standing waiting , '' Vaughan-Thomas reported , `` and behind them are Bren gun @ @ @ @ @ @ @ stream .
`` And there 's an endless line of German soldiers , the disbanded wreckage of the German army .
But no-one even bothers to notice them any more .
They tramp by to the nearest prison camp and even the citizens of Luneburg do n't lift their heads to notice them .
`` The war for them is over , '' said Vaughan-Thomas .
`` People of Luneburg , the Nazi government and the German Wehrmacht have surrendered unconditionally to the Allied Expeditionary Forces , '' he said , and his @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , carried across the square and into Vaughan-Thomas 's microphone and , through radio , into homes across the United Kingdom and much of the British Empire .
`` This unconditional surrender was signed on behalf of the German High Command by Field Marshall Jodl .
`` Europe has been brought to famine and misery by the Germans .
The German nation must not expect to fare better than the nations they have overrun . ''
In the nearby city of Kassel , Vaughan-Thomas 's colleague Frank Gillard stood in the wreckage .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ to rubble in a battle a month earlier .
Gillard was witnessing the start of what would soon become the greatest population upheaval in European history - the migration of millions of people displaced by the war .
`` Most of those who are on the streets today are displaced persons , Belgians and French people going westwards , Russians and Poles going east .
`` And here , right before me now , comes a handcart , loaded up with a big wooden box , a couple of suitcases , and one @ @ @ @ @ @ @ clothing of some sort , and it 's being pulled by two sturdy-looking women who are tramping out - I suppose they 're French or Belgians , they are tramping out in a westerly direction through Kassel .
And just behind them there comes an old man pushing a bicycle , also loaded up with all the kit you could imagine , about as much as a bicycle could possibly hold , he 's going home as well , perhaps to France or to Belgium… '' The war in Europe is over and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ German cities , there 's nothing but the grey ruins to mark its passing . ''
Those two eyewitness dispatches survive in a remarkably vivid BBC radio archive .
What was then the BBC Home Service was on the air throughout the day , carrying live and recorded reports of scenes of desolation from across Europe - and of jubilation on the streets of Britain .
VE Day at 75 : Find out more • Explore radio news reports from the BBC Archive on VE Day , 1945 • BBC One will commemorate @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 8 May with a series of programmes It had begun the previous day .
A typewritten script of the 18:00 radio news bulletin survives , with the newsreader 's handwritten amendments and crossings-out .
`` No statement has been made about the prime minister 's VE Day broadcast , '' the script reads .
`` But unconfirmed reports from correspondents say that the unconditional surrender of Germany to the Western Allies and Russia was signed in the early hours of this morning .
They say the ceremony took place in the schoolhouse at @ @ @ @ @ @ @ headquarters . ''
What the correspondents did not yet reveal was that the Germans had petitioned the Western Allies for a separate peace in the west , leaving German forces free to carry on the war against the Soviet Union in the east .
The Allied commander , General Eisenhower flatly refused ; on 6 May , he had told the Germans that unless they surrendered unconditionally on all fronts , that Allied air raids would resume .
For Germany , General Alfred Jodl signed the surrender document at 02:41 .
The war @ @ @ @ @ @ @ morning on 8 May , the BBC 's 08:00 news bulletin began with the words : `` Here is the eight o'clock news for today , Tuesday May the 8th ; the Day of Victory in Europe . ''
The same bulletin reported that the Eastern German city of Breslau had fallen to the Soviet Red Army after 12 weeks of heavy fighting , that King Leopold of the Belgians and his wife , held as prisoners in Austria , had been freed by American troops , and that , in the war @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Dutch forces had made further gains .
All morning the BBC brought news from across Europe , often from places that had been liberated only hours earlier .
The correspondent in Amsterdam , Robert Dunnett , reported seeing collaborators being rounded up and paraded through the streets where the crowds booed them .
`` Whenever they [ Dutch citizens ] see an Allied soldier , they cheer and lift him right up into the air , '' he reported , and recorded a crowd singing , It 's a Long Way to Tipperary @ @ @ @ @ @ @ added , `` carried myself about 50 yards by a strong and healthy young Dutchman ! ''
Denis Johnston arrived at Hitler 's Bavarian retreat at Berchtesgaden .
In his dispatch , he seems subdued .
He had been reporting on the war for three years and is audibly struggling to grasp that it is , in Europe at least , over at last .
`` It 's rather hard to know what to say , '' he says .
`` There have been so many false dawns .
We are quite unprepared @ @ @ @ @ @ @ done over by the SS .
They did n't want it taken by us so they 've burned it out .
Here around me the trees are shattered by bombs ...
This scarred and blackened villa behind me with its empty flagpole seems to be a very elegant comment on the whole situation . ''
In an evocative dispatch from a country road outside Emsdorp in Austria , the British public heard the voices of German soldiers , exhausted and humiliated , being questioned by US servicemen .
BBC correspondent Robert Reid watched @ @ @ @ @ @ @ many of them `` stretched out dead beat '' on the bonnets of their vehicles , being sent into a field that was being used as a `` temporary cage '' .
Maj James L Sumter , of Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , told Reid the men were `` mostly stragglers '' - including the 12th SS Hitler Youth Division - trying to flee from advancing Soviet forces further east .
`` We 've had no trouble with any of them , '' the Major says .
`` They have no guilt in their @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to be happy to get away from the Russians . ''
In London , crowds had been gathering since early morning .
At noon , the bells of St Paul 's Cathedral - itself a symbol of defiance having survived the Blitz as buildings all around it had been engulfed in flames - rang out across the capital .
At 15:00 , Winston Churchill addressed the nation from 10 Downing Street .
He recalled the dark early days of the war .
`` After gallant France had been struck down [ in May @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` we from this island and from our united Empire maintained the struggle single-handed for a whole year until we were joined by the military might of Soviet Russia and , later , by the overwhelming power and resources of the United States of America .
`` Our gratitude to all our splendid allies goes forth from all our hearts in this island and throughout the British Empire .
`` We may allow ourselves a brief period of rejoicing . ''
And rejoice they did .
Crowds gathered outside Buckingham Palace where they @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was relayed on loudspeakers .
BBC reporter Howard Marshall was among the crowds .
`` The entire space , the whole scene is one dense mass of people in the gayest colours : red , white and blue rosettes , red , white and blue hats , streamers , flags .
The Queen Victoria Memorial is covered with people - a land girl sitting on the bronze lions , a Wren sitting up behind her , flags everywhere . ''
He saw a South African flag carried to the front of the crowd @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , New Zealand and the United States join festivities .
There were visible reminders of the years of conflict that had just ended : the broken columns where a German bomb had struck Buckingham Palace during the Blitz .
`` Still , '' he added , `` the feeling is one of thanksgiving rather than of celebration , a quiet and deep joyousness . ''
Joy Hunter worked as a typist at 10 Downing Street and in the underground bunker beneath Whitehall known as the Cabinet War Rooms .
She was among the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were right by the gates .
Churchill came out .
There was tremendous cheering and shouting and noise .
Then we went back down the Mall to Trafalgar Square and there we saw them all dancing , doing the conger eel , going round everything .
It was just hysteria really .
Probably people did n't know quite how to behave .
It had been so tight - and now it was over . ''
Did the public understand , on that day , how profoundly Britain and the wider world had been @ @ @ @ @ @ @ would be no going back to the old normal of the 1930s ?
This had been total war : the state had assumed sweeping new powers to mobilise the whole country for the war effort .
Many of those powers would now survive into peacetime .
The government took much of the economy into state ownership : the railways , the coal mines , iron and steel .
A new welfare state and a National Health Service would bring state provision into every home in the country .
For war had created a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ relationship between the state and society for a generation .
`` To a remarkable degree , this includes people who think they 'll be worse off under this new settlement , '' says historian Dan Todman , author of Britain 's War : A New World , 1942-47 .
`` Quite a large proportion of middle-class people who were n't going to benefit necessarily from it said that they still thought it was a good idea ; that it was something that ought to be done for other people .
`` So I @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mood : the recognition that the nation-state owes something to everybody , especially the least fortunate members of society . ''
Churchill 's reference to the `` overwhelming power and resources of the United States of America '' pointed the way to the new world that would open up from now on - leadership of the Western world had crossed the Atlantic .
The United States did not , as it had done in 1918 , retreat to its tradition of isolation .
Britain had not stood entirely alone in 1940 : it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of those rejoicing on the streets of London could have foreseen that that Empire would soon cease to exist ?
Britain was no longer the pre-eminent global power .
By 1960 , the USA would account for nearly half the wealth of the entire globe .
The post-war world would be shaped by that new American-led reality .
On the streets of London , Churchill 's speech was the signal for the revelry to begin in earnest .
At 15:20 , broadcaster Richard Dimbleby was among the crowd in Whitehall when something unexpected @ @ @ @ @ @ @ amazing moment , '' he said , `` and one that we did n't know was going to happen . ''
Churchill had emerged from Downing Street standing upright in an open-topped car , holding on to the windscreen and , according to Dimbleby , trying to make his way to the House of Commons where he was due to address Parliament .
`` But with the crowd so tightly packed , so enormous and so enthusiastic , he could not get through , '' said Dimbleby .
`` As he moved , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the cheering louder ...
It looked as though they might lift the whole vehicle off the ground in their enthusiasm . ''
In his 15:00 broadcast Churchill had concluded by reminding the country that Imperial Japan was still undefeated and that Allied forces were still fighting in the East .
That warning was echoed in one of the most poignant and arresting moments of the entire day 's broadcasting .
A correspondent in Edinburgh had described the scenes there , with citizens dancing eightsome reels in the shadow of Edinburgh Castle .
Then @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a voice he introduced only as Mrs MacDonald .
Seventy-five years on , the voice is striking for its quiet , anguished dignity , which stands in stark contrast to the unrestrained joy of the street parties .
Her youngest son was only seven , she said , but she had four other boys who 'd all enlisted .
`` And it 's one of them , Roy , that I 'm thinking of especially .
He was in his second year , learning to be a doctor , at the Glasgow University @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Black Watch and then got a commission in the HLI [ Highland Light Infantry ] .
`` Another of my sons had been discharged from the Scots Guards with the loss of one of his legs .
`` I ca n't forget that the war is only half done .
I have another son in the Air Force in South East Asia Command .
And my second youngest has just got into the Fleet Air Arm .
`` On this day of victory I pray that soon the war in the East will @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with your sons , they will return home before long .
`` Until then , God keep them , wherever they may be . ''
Churchill had also used his broadcast to remind the country that the only part of Britain that had been occupied by Nazi Germany was what he called `` our dear Channel Islands '' .
Seventy thousand British people had lived under occupation there since 1940 and although France had been liberated in 1944 , the Channel Islands had remained under German occupation until VE Day .
The BBC @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a voice identified on air only as `` a woman of the Channel Islands '' .
`` This last year has been the most terrible of all , '' she said .
`` We hoped that D-Day [ 6 June , 1944 ] would bring some relief .
But since then there has been a terrible winter with no light or heat or food .
`` My own anxiety was relieved only a week ago when I had a short message from my family to say that they were alive and well .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ had that .
`` So this is the first day of real hope - for us a day not of rejoicing but of deep relief and thankfulness that after all our sufferings we are free , and under our own flag again . ''
By late afternoon , news was coming in from the United States , where President Harry S Truman had made a broadcast at the same time as Churchill 's in London .
A correspondent in New York reported that Times Square was now a `` milling crowd of delirious @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the skyscrapers high above us great showers of paper and coloured streamers are floating down - an absolute blizzard of paper '' .
In Cincinnati , the crowds gathered and some began to fire their weapons into the air .
An effigy of Hitler was suspended from a lamp post .
And in San Francisco , a young reporter called Alistair Cooke - who would go on to enthral listeners with his longstanding weekly Letter From America - described a much more subdued atmosphere .
`` San Francisco is certainly relieved that it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ over its shoulder at the deaths of its boys in Europe .
But it faces west , as the thousands of sailors here well know .
Last night , two Marines threatened to bust the nose of a man who said , 'Well , so the war 's over ' .
`` The docks are being got ready not for any celebration but for the few million men fresh from Europe who will pass through here to the still unfinished Battle of the Pacific . ''
But by evening , in London , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ public heard a raucous rendition of Knees Up Mother Brown in an East End pub .
In an unscheduled appearance , Winston Churchill appeared again on the balcony of the Ministry of Health in Whitehall , dressed in a boiler suit .
The speech was not broadcast but Richard Dimbleby was in the crowd and reported what he saw and heard .
`` We were the first , in this ancient island , to draw the sword against tyranny .
And after a while we were left alone , '' Churchill said .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Did anyone want to give in ? ''
Churchill would later say that history would be kind to him because he intended to write it .
He began at that moment , on the balcony of the Ministry of Health , to articulate a sense of what Britain had done and what it had stood for in the war years that the country still acknowledges and celebrates 75 years on .
`` We came back after long months from the jaws of death , out of the mouth of hell , when all @ @ @ @ @ @ @ reputation and faith of this generation of English men and women fail ?
`` I say that in the long years to come , not only will the people of this island but of the world , wherever the bird of freedom chirps in human hearts , look back to what we 've done and they will say , 'Do not despair , do not yield to violence and tyranny , march straightforward and die if need be , unconquered ' . ''

"And here, right before me now, comes a handcart, loaded up with a big wooden box, a couple of suitcases, and one or two sacks stuffed with I suppose clothing of some sort, and it's being pulled by two sturdy-looking women who are tramping out - I suppose they're French or Belgians, they are tramping out in a westerly direction through Kassel. And just behind them there comes an old man pushing a bicycle, also loaded up with all the kit you could imagine, about as much as a bicycle could possibly hold, he's going home as well, perhaps to France or to Belgium…


bbc--2020-05-07--Spy princess and Lady Death: Eight women of WW2

Some are legendary , others little remembered , but all eight of the women we profile here played a key role in the years surrounding World War Two .
As the world marks 75 years since surrender of Nazi Germany , these are the stories of women such as the spy princess , the White Mouse and Soviet sniper Lady Death .
In a precursor to World War Two , Japan invaded China in 1937 and Cheng Benhua led a local resistance movement .
She was captured and imprisoned and a picture of her taken by a Japanese photographer shortly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ become an image of fearless defiance .
She had been gang-raped by her captors but appeared to smile in the face of death : her arms folded across her chest , her head raised to the lens .
Her pose is commemorated by a five-metre statue in Nanjing , itself the site of one of the worst massacres of the war , when up to 300,000 Chinese men , women and children were butchered by Japanese troops .
An Indian princess and a British spy , Noor Inayat Khan was a direct descendant @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Muslim ruler of Mysore .
Born in Moscow , the daughter of an Indian father and an American mother , she studied in Paris and her language skills landed her a place in the fabled , undercover British Special Operations Executive ( SOE ) .
SOE agents parachuted into occupied France during the war to disrupt Nazi activities with sabotage , liaise with the French resistance and spy on troop movements .
Inayat Khan worked as a radio operator , constantly changing location , but she was captured by the Nazi Gestapo , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ escape several times and each time she was caught her detention became more severe .
It 's thought she gave no information of value to the Germans , who only knew her by her codename Madeleine and did not know she was Indian .
She and three other SOE women agents were shot dead at Dachau concentration camp on 13 September 1944 .
A monument to her bravery was erected in Gordon Square Gardens in London .
`` Noor Inayat Khan continues to inspire even today , not just for her exemplary bravery @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , '' biographer Shrabani Basu told the BBC .
Lyudmila Pavlichenko is one of the most deadly snipers in history , with 309 confirmed kills of German soldiers following the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 .
Dozens of her victims were enemy snipers , targeted by a woman who earned the sobriquet Lady Death for her actions during the sieges of Sevastapol and Odessa .
She was eventually wounded by a mortar round and withdrawn from the front line , becoming a poster girl for the Red Army .
She @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Franklin D. Roosevelt , but this decorated Soviet hero was later largely edited out of history .
`` The Soviet narrative about World War Two was centred on the image of a brave soldier , a man , '' gender equality activist Iryna Slavinska told the BBC .
`` Women were not part of that narrative . ''
Nancy Wake had a reputation as a deadly fighter and a relentless drinker .
Born in New Zealand , she grew up in Australia and ran away from school at the age of 16 and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a journalist .
She married industrialist Henri Fiocca and was living in Marseille when the Germans invaded France .
Wake joined the resistance and guided escaping allied airmen over the Pyrenees to safety in Spain .
When her network was betrayed to the Germans in 1942 , she fled to Britain via Spain .
Her husband was captured , tortured and executed by the Nazis .
Wake parachuted back into France , working for the British Special Operations Executive .
In a TV interview in the 1990s she described killing a German sentry @ @ @ @ @ @ @ stuff at SOE , and I practised away at it .
But this was the only time I used it . ''
After allied radio codes were lost in combat , she volunteered to cycle long distances across enemy territory to get replacements .
She would dress up and go on dates with German soldiers to get information .
`` A little powder and a little drink on the way , and I 'd pass their posts and wink and say , 'Do you want to search me ? '
God , what @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' she told the Australian newspaper .
Her evasive ability led the Germans to call her the White Mouse .
She died in August 2011 , aged 98 , in London .
Jane Vialle was born in the Republic of the Congo but moved to Paris as a child and was working as a journalist when war broke out .
She became a secret agent for the French resistance in the south , then ruled by the puppet Vichy regime .
She gathered intelligence on Nazi troop movements which she then forwarded to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in January 1943 and she was charged with treason .
Her secrets were safe from the authorities though , as she had coded her data so well it was undecipherable .
Vialle was sent first to a concentration camp and then a women 's prison in Marseille .
She was elected to the French Senate in 1947 .
The Austrian-born film star achieved fame in Hollywood and had six husbands .
But it was not her glittering film career that marks her out as a war hero .
Born Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler @ @ @ @ @ @ @ she first married an arms-dealing industrialist who frowned upon her nascent acting career and obliged her to play hostess to his friends and colleagues , who included Nazis .
Lamarr fled first to Paris and then London , where she met the legendary head of MGM Studios , Louis B. Mayer .
She was promoted as `` the world 's most beautiful woman '' and starred in more than 30 films .
But what gains her a place on this list was her sideline as an inventor .
Lamarr developed a guidance system @ @ @ @ @ @ @ threat of jamming by the enemy by switching frequencies .
The US Navy did n't pick up on her patent , but elements of her pioneering inventions can be seen in today 's Bluetooth and WiFi technology .
Mya Yi 's struggle began even before the Japanese invaded Burma in World War Two .
She was a vigorous campaigner for the country 's independence , opposing the British colonial authorities .
She joined resistance forces in World War Two and always brought a sword and a poison bottle to defend herself .
In @ @ @ @ @ @ @ territory and mountain ranges to British-controlled India to continue the fight against the Japanese .
She bandaged her wounds with strips of sarong as she went , and refused men 's offers to carry her .
In India , she contributed to pamphlets dropped over Burma detailing how badly the Japanese were treating the population .
Though she planned to return to Burma with her husband after the birth of her first son she only returned in October 1945 , after the war had ended .
She carried on her fight for independence @ @ @ @ @ @ @ regimes .
Rasuna Said is an exception on this list , as during the war she sided with the axis forces , at least nominally .
She was a key figure in Indonesia 's struggle for independence , and for her the enemy was Indonesia 's Dutch colonisers .
Said became politically active at a very young age , and founded a political party - the Indonesian Muslim Association ( PERMI ) - in her early twenties .
A firebrand speaker whose speeches came `` like lightning during the day '' according to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ colonial authorities earned her the nickname Lioness .
The Dutch frequently halted her speeches , and at one event imprisoned her for 14 months .
When the Japanese invaded the archipelago in 1942 , Said joined a pro-Japanese organisation , but used it to continue her independence activities .
After the Japanese were defeated , the Dutch returned to try to reimpose their authority , at first with British help , and a brutal four-year conflict began .
In 1949 the Dutch recognised Indonesian sovereignty in 1949 , and Rasuna Said 's name @ @ @ @ @ @ @ streets in the capital Jakarta .

She would dress up and go on dates with German soldiers to get information. "A little powder and a little drink on the way, and I'd pass their posts and wink and say, 'Do you want to search me?' God, what a flirtatious little bastard I was," she told the Australian newspaper.


bbc--2020-05-07--VE Day: The fall of Nazi Berlin in pictures

After nearly four years of intense fighting , Soviet forces finally launched their assault on Berlin on 16 April 1945 .
Nazi Germany had invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 and killed tens of millions of the country 's civilians and soldiers .
But now , Adolf Hitler 's Germany was on its knees .
A depleted and disorganised garrison faced off against two full Soviet army groups attacking from the east and south .
In total , some 1.5 million Soviet troops encircled and then assaulted the capital .
It was the last major offensive of the war @ @ @ @ @ @ @ leave the capital , spending the last days of his life underground in the so-called Fuhrerbunker in the centre of the city .
He last appeared above ground on his 56th birthday - 20 April 1945 - to award medals to those defending the city .
That same day , Soviet forces began to shell the city centre .
Berlin was completely surrounded by 23 April .
Nazi forces were vastly outnumbered and outgunned , and could do nothing but slow the Soviet advance .
On 30 April 1945 , Hitler killed himself @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Their bodies were taken above ground and burned in a bomb crater nearby .
Not long afterwards , Soviet forces captured the Reichstag .
A famous staged photo shows a Soviet soldier lifting the flag of the USSR above the historic parliament building .
The city officially surrendered on 2 May , though fighting continued until the end of the war in Europe on 8 May .
Berlin itself was left in ruins .
Occupying Soviet troops gave out bread and essentials , but some soldiers also committed atrocities against civilians .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ powers after the war .
Civilians began to clear up the city , and the leaders of the US , UK and USSR all met in the Berlin suburb of Potsdam just months after the war ended to shape the peace .

But now, Adolf Hitler's Germany was on its knees. A depleted and disorganised garrison of about 95,000 faced two full Soviet army groups attacking from the east and south.


bbc--2020-05-07--What will emerge when post-WW2 order ends?

It was the war that , more than anything else , shaped our world .
Victory in Europe - or VE day - was clearly not the final chapter of the conflict .
Japan remained to be fully defeated .
But it was , nonetheless , a major milestone and marked an essential step towards ushering in a new kind of global order .
The US emerged from the conflict as a military superpower , having stolen a march on Moscow in terms of the development of nuclear weapons - henceforth the prime currency of global strategic power .
But @ @ @ @ @ @ @ decision to retain control over much of Eastern Europe dashed some of the more ambitious hopes for a less confrontational new order .
This prompted the creation of Nato and a seemingly permanent military and diplomatic linkage between the US and Western Europe .
As journalist and historian Anne Applebaum noted in a Rusi webinar this week , it `` created the idea of 'the West ' ; a values-based alliance system not just about borders but about ideas too '' .
• What 's behind new US strategy on China ?
But @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Professor Michael Clarke underlines , there was a whole network of institutions .
`` Very little was left of the pre-war structure of international institutions , '' he says , `` and there was a conscious understanding - even more than in 1919 - that it was necessary to build a 'global order ' from the wreckage . ''
The UN `` was the keystone achievement ; then the Bretton Woods economic system ; the IBRD ( World Bank ) , and the IMF '' .
The UK was influential in much of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , was decisive .
`` Almost every international institution depended on US interest in , and support for , their establishment .
From that clutch of Western-dominated organisations , '' he argues , `` a very distinctive 'rules-based international order ' evolved during the growth decades of the 50s and 60s .
That rules-based order is now under real pressure because its political underpinnings are significantly changing . ''
The reason why is part and parcel of our everyday news agenda .
It is a rising China ; the shift of economic power @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it 's the rising populist trends even in many Western democracies .
Look at the clear tensions within Nato for example , prompted by President Donald Trump 's questioning of its value to Washington , and the rise of a more authoritarian style of government in Alliance countries like Turkey and Hungary .
Anne Applebaum notes that in the US an isolationist strand in foreign policy has come to dominate the Republican Party .
There are cracks , she argues , in the Western value system and generational change means that few if @ @ @ @ @ @ @ immediate post-war era .
Ignorance of contemporary history is another problem .
China did not just arrive on the scene in recent times .
It was after all one of the original permanent members of the UN Security Council .
`` The US always felt a special concern for China before and then during the war , '' Michael Clarke told me .
It is not much remembered now , but he says `` the US always viewed pre-communist China as a major power for the new world and one that would naturally @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and France .
`` That , '' he says , `` was why the US was so traumatised when it 'lost ' China to the Communists in 1949 .
It did not get over that until 1972 , and may now be falling back into another syndrome of 'disillusionment ' over China 's role in the world . ''
Professor Lawrence Freedman of King 's College agrees , but stresses that during the Cold War it was `` a different China issue . ''
Unlike today , 20th century China was not seen @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Indeed , as Michael Clarke told me , Washington 's relative decline is more a symptom than a cause of the end of the post-war order .
However , he believes that `` Washington is now acting to accelerate it quite precipitously '' .
`` The new , emerging 'world order ' , '' he says , `` is based on the simple fact that more than half the world 's population now live within a circle that can be drawn around India , China and South East Asia . ''
`` That @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , and that , in turn , eventually translates itself into national political power and thence into international political structures . ''
So what , if anything , is going to change in the wake of the Covid-19 crisis ?
Michael Clarke argues that the post-pandemic world will not cease to be the 'Asian Century ' , but its effects will likely create some real disjunctures for the coming decade .
In his view , `` China will be a long-term loser from this crisis , both in political reactions to its handling @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of resilience and supply chains that rely so heavily on China '' .
It is probably premature to make any fundamental assessment of what the post-Covid-19 international system will look like .
Safe to say the sense of public service and solidarity that emerged from WW2 carried over into the post-war settlement .
It would be nice if something similar took hold now , but all the signs are that sadly , this is unlikely to be the case .

"The US always felt a special concern for China before and then during the war," Michael Clarke told me. It is not much remembered now, but he says "the US always viewed pre-communist China as a major power for the new world and one that would naturally counter-balance the old imperial empires of Britain and France.


bbc--2020-05-06--VE Day: The experience of a Caribbean WW2 RAF veteran

Albert Jarrett was 18 years old when he left his home in Jamaica to join the British armed forces in @ @ @ @ @ was a 23-day journey by sea on a packed ship before he set his sights @ @ @ @ @ the `` promised land '' .
The 95-year-old veteran , who now lives in Birmingham @ @ @ @ @ delivery driver for the RAF after it lifted a so-called `` colour bar '' restricting @ @ @ @ @ He was among some 10,000 West Indian men and women who crossed the Atlantic to @ @ @ @ @ Mr Jarrett is supporting a campaign for a permanent memorial to honour Caribbean military personnel @ @ @ @ @ in Staffordshire .

Albert Jarrett was 18 years old when he left his home in Jamaica to join the British armed forces in World War Two.
It was a 23-day journey by sea on a packed ship before he set his sights on what he describes as the "promised land".
The 95-year-old veteran, who now lives in Birmingham, was enlisted as a delivery driver for the RAF after it lifted a so-called "colour bar" restricting recruitment of black crew.
He was among some 10,000 West Indian men and women who crossed the Atlantic to join the war effort.
Mr Jarrett is supporting a campaign for a permanent memorial to honour Caribbean military personnel at the National Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire.


bbc--2020-05-08--VE Day: Berlin marks end of WW2 in Europe with unprecedented holiday

Berliners have been given an unprecedented public holiday , to mark the end of World War Two in Europe but also liberation from Nazi rule .
Not since reunification has a German city acknowledged 8 May as a day of liberation in this way ; some Berliners are unaware of its significance .
A street party and several events have been cancelled because of the coronavirus pandemic .
The holiday is one-off and is not being held outside Berlin .
But there are growing calls for a public holiday to be held across Germany .
What does 8 May mean @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in areas of the old West Germany , 8 May has long been associated with defeat in World War Two .
Many families preferred to draw a veil over the period , both those who had suffered persecution as well as those who had n't .
In the areas of the old communist East Germany , 8 May was taught as a `` Day of Liberation '' from the Nazi regime by the victorious Red Army .
Post-war Berlin itself was divided into four sectors - the Soviets in the east and the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ west .
In the latter years of the West German state , the date was also seen as marking liberation from the Nazi regime .
In 1985 President Richard von Weizsäcker made clear the day should be seen as a day of liberation and not defeat .
Ten years later , on the 50th anniversary of liberation , a reunified Berlin was at the centre of a state ceremony .
Nowadays the date is viewed more significantly as the rebirth of democracy .
But the only national public holiday currently marking German history @ @ @ @ @ @ @ date of reunification in 1990 .
`` It 's the principles of democracy that we want to get across , '' explains Moritz van Dülmen , whose Kulturprojekte is behind a number of events .
Although many of the plans for Berlin 's public holiday have been scrapped , including a street party , an open air exhibition and numerous events at museums , some projects will still take place online .
Chancellor Angela Merkel and President Frank-Walter Steinmeier are laying wreaths at Berlin 's memorial for victims of war and tyranny .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ a young audience , particularly those with a migrant background , who have little knowledge of German history , '' Mr van Dülmen explains .
Remembering history , he argues , is more important than ever in light of recent deadly far-right attacks at a synagogue in the eastern city of Halle and a shisha bar at Hanau near Frankfurt .
Talk to Berliners and many will not see the significance of 8 May as the end of the war , or even the surrender of Nazi Germany .
Many only found out @ @ @ @ @ @ @ holiday .
Hannelore Steer , who grew up in East Germany , sees the holiday as a good idea as she was used to seeing it celebrated many years ago .
• Fall of Berlin Wall was 'worst night of my life' Weng Yuen believes it would help people remember what had happened .
`` 17 June used to be a public holiday in West Germany to remind us of the uprising in East Germany in 1953 .
That 's now largely forgotten particularly with a younger generation , '' she told the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ has two teenage sons , says that 's important as the history curriculum has recently been cut in German schools .
`` As history and geography classes have been merged , a lot of material ca n't be covered any more , '' she complains .
Friday 's holiday has also been a subject for political debate .
Holocaust survivor Esther Bejarano , 95 , wrote an open letter to Mrs Merkel and President Steinmeier calling for 8 May to become a lasting and nationwide public holiday .
She believes it could help @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` a day of liberation and the crushing of the National Socialist regime '' .
One hundred thousand people have signed a petition supporting the proposal .
Politicians including Katrin Göring-Eckardt from the Greens and Katja Kipping of the left-wing Linke party have backed her proposal .
It was Die Linke that lobbied for the day to become a public holiday in Berlin .
Not everyone backs the idea .
The far-right AfD party , which is the biggest opposition force in Germany 's Bundestag , is bitterly opposed to the holiday .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ is AfD ?
• How far right caused earthquake in German politics Co-leader Alexander Gauland sees 8 May as an `` ambivalent '' date , because while it may have meant liberation for some , it also represents the `` absolute defeat '' of Germany and the `` loss of big parts of Germany '' .
The day is being widely covered by German media , in an attempt to portray the broad array of experiences that Germans had as the war came to an end .

For some, particularly in areas of the old West Germany, 8 May has long been associated with defeat in World War Two. Many families preferred to draw a veil over the period, both those who had suffered persecution as well as those who hadn't.


bbc--2020-05-08--Ahmaud Arbery: Father and son charged with murder of US black jogger

A father and son have been arrested and charged in the US state of Georgia for the fatal shooting of Ahmaud Arbery , an unarmed black man .
Gregory McMichael , aged 64 , and Travis McMichael , aged 34 , were detained on Thursday by the state bureau of investigation .
Both were charged with murder and aggravated assault , investigators said in a statement .
Mr Arbery , 25 , was jogging in February when he was confronted by the pair .
For more than two months , police did not charge the McMichaels , who are white @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the national media and provoked outrage .
The Georgia Bureau of Investigation announced late on Thursday that both men had been taken into custody .
The bureau said the father and son followed Mr Arbery and confronted him with two firearms , and the younger McMichael shot and killed him .
Mr Arbery was out running in the coastal city of Brunswick early in the afternoon of 23 February .
Gregory McMichael told police he saw Mr Arbery and believed he resembled the suspect in a series of local break-ins .
Mr @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a pistol and a shotgun and pursued Mr Arbery in a pick-up truck .
Gregory McMichael told police he and his son said `` stop , stop , we want to talk to you '' and claims Mr Arbery then attacked his son .
Video footage of the incident appears to show Travis McMichael firing a shotgun at point blank range at Mr Arbery and the victim falling to the street , in the Satilla Shores neighbourhood .
Mr Arbery 's mother , Wanda Cooper Jones , said police told her after the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in a burglary before the incident , but the family say they do not believe the keen jogger had committed a crime .
He was unarmed and carrying nothing .
A number of calls were made to police around the time of the confrontation , according to a CBS News report .
In one 911 call , a neighbour said a black man was seen at a home under construction in the area .
When asked what the man was doing now , the caller said `` running down the street '' .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ has now emerged .
The footage , apparently filmed by another man in the neighbourhood , appears to show the McMichaels waiting for Mr Arbery as he jogs down the road in broad daylight .
The 36-second clip was shot from a vehicle following the pick-up truck said to be involved in the incident .
Mr Arbery is seen jogging and then approaching the stationary pick-up from behind .
He then tries to bypass the truck and is seen struggling with a man carrying a shotgun - believed to be Travis McMichael .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
A second man is standing in the bed of the pick-up - understood to be Gregory McMichael .
The second man is then shown with a pistol standing alongside the other armed man with Mr Arbery no longer in view .
'Lynched before our very eyes' The victim 's father told PBS Newshour on Thursday that his son exercised in the area daily and stayed across the street at his mother 's house .
`` I do n't know why they racially profile him and done him like that , '' said @ @ @ @ @ @ @ did is work out and ran and just took care of his body , because he had dreams now . ''
Asked about the suggestion that his son could have been implicated in a burglary , Mr Arbery said that was `` just a lie and a cover-up '' .
`` The video speaking everything for itself , '' he said .
`` Check that lynch mob out . ''
The family lawyer , Benjamin Crump , said the footage showed a `` horrific execution '' .
The attorney also claimed Gregory McMichael @ @ @ @ @ @ @ worked as a police officer and a detective for the local district attorney for more than 30 years .
The shooting has led to a wave of outrage from national figures , including presidential candidate Joe Biden and basketball star LeBron James .
Mr Biden said Mr Arbery had been `` shot down in cold blood '' and `` essentially lynched before our very eyes '' .
`` This family and the country deserves justice and they deserve it now .
They deserve a transparent investigation of this brutal murder .
But our @ @ @ @ @ @ @ need to reckon with this , this goes on .
These vicious acts call to mind the darkest chapters of our history , '' Mr Biden said .

The victim's father told PBS Newshour on Thursday that his son exercised in the area daily and stayed across the street at his mother's house. "I don't know why they racially profile him and done him like that," said Marcus Arbery, "because all he did is work out and ran and just took care of his body, because he had dreams now."


bbc--2020-05-08--Coronavirus: WHO warns 190,000 could die in Africa in one year

As many as 190,000 people across Africa could die in the first year of the coronavirus pandemic if crucial containment measures fail , the World Health Organization ( WHO ) warns .
The new research also predicts a prolonged outbreak over a few years .
`` It likely will smoulder in transmission hot spots , '' says WHO Africa head Matshidiso Moeti .
This patchier and slower pattern of transmission sets Africa apart from other regions , WHO experts say .
Other factors taken into account are the region 's younger populations who have `` benefitted from the control of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' , as well as lower mortality rates .
• Africa Live : News from across the continent • Why are some African states easing lockdowns ?
• How close to developing a vaccine are we ?
The WHO 's warning comes as Africa 's most populous nation , Nigeria , plus others including South Africa and Ivory Coast , have begun relaxing some of their lockdown measures .
What does the study say ?
The study finds that between 29 million and 44 million people in the WHO African region could get @ @ @ @ @ @ @ pandemic .
Between 83,000 and 190,000 could die in the same period , it warns .
The estimates are based on prediction modelling , and focus on 47 countries in the WHO African region with a combined population of one billion - Egypt , Libya , Tunisia , Morocco , Eritrea , Sudan , Somalia and Djibouti are not included .
Across the whole of the African continent more than 2,000 coronavirus deaths have been recorded by Africa 's Centre for Disease Control .
By comparison , 140,000 have died in Western Europe @ @ @ @ @ @ @ weeks earlier .
Cases have been recorded in every African nation except Lesotho .
South Africa has the highest number of confirmed cases - more than 8,200 and 160 deaths - while Algeria has the most deaths - 483 .
`` Covd-19 could become a fixture in our lives for the next several years unless a proactive approach is taken by many governments in the region , '' Dr Moeti says in a WHO statement .
`` We need to test , trace , isolate and treat . ''
• A SIMPLE GUIDE @ @ @ @ @ @ @ • FACE MASKS : Should I be wearing one ?
• VACCINE : How close are we to finding one ?
• LOCKDOWNS : The different approaches in Africa

The study finds that between 29 million and 44 million people in the WHO African region could get infected in the first year of the pandemic. Between 83,000 and 190,000 could die in the same period, it warns.


bbc--2020-05-08--Tara Reade: Biden sex attack accuser urges him to quit race

A woman who accuses Democratic White House candidate Joe Biden of sexually assaulting her 27 years ago has called on him to quit the presidential race .
In an interview , Tara Reade urged Mr Biden to `` please step forward and be held accountable '' .
She added : `` You should not be running on character for the president of the United States . ''
Mr Biden , who is set to challenge President Donald Trump in November , has denied Ms Reade 's accusation .
WARNING : Some readers may find details in this story upsetting .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ alleged assault ?
Ms Reade , now 56 , worked as a staff assistant to Mr Biden from 1992-93 when he was a senator for the US state of Delaware .
She has said that in 1993 he forced her against a wall and put his hands under her shirt and skirt , penetrating her with a finger , after she delivered him his gym bag .
In her most graphic , detailed account yet of the alleged assault , Ms Reade told US media personality Megyn Kelly that Mr Biden kissed her @ @ @ @ @ @ @ have sex with her , using an obscene term .
`` So , he had one hand underneath my shirt , and the other had , I had a skirt on , and he went down my skirt and then went up and I remember I was up almost on my tippy toes , '' she said .
`` When he went inside the skirt , he was talking to me at the same time , and he was leaning into me and I pulled this way away from his head . ''
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ said : `` He looked at me and said , 'What the hell , man , I heard you liked me ' . ''
She added : `` He pointed his finger at me and he said 'You 're nothing to me .
You 're nothing ' . ''
What else did she say ?
Ms Reade was asked by Kelly if she wanted Mr Biden to withdraw from the race .
`` I wish he would , but he wo n't , but I wish he would , '' she said .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ . ''
Ms Reade offered to take a lie detector test about her claim , on condition that Mr Biden do so also .
`` I will take one if Joe Biden takes one , '' she said .
Ms Reade said she had received a death threat after Biden supporters accused her without evidence of being a Russian agent .
`` His surrogates have been saying really horrible things about me and to me on social media , '' she continued .
`` He has n't himself , but there is a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it 's been safe - it 's not been safe .
`` All of my social media has been hacked , all of my personal information has been dragged through . ''
How did Biden 's campaign respond ?
Biden campaign communications director Kate Bedingfield said in a statement after the interview aired that Ms Reade 's story contained `` inconsistencies '' .
`` Women must receive the benefit of the doubt , '' said the statement .
`` They must be able to come forward and share their stories without fear of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ have a responsibility to ensure that .
`` At the same time , we can never sacrifice the truth .
And the truth is that these allegations are false and that the material that has been presented to back them up , under scrutiny , keeps proving their falsity . ''
Mr Biden , who is the Democratic party 's presumptive presidential nominee , broke his silence on the matter a week ago , appearing on a morning television show to brand the allegations `` false '' .
What other latest developments are @ @ @ @ @ @ @ shows Ms Reade 's ex-husband describing `` a problem she was having at work regarding sexual harassment , in US Senator Joe Biden 's office '' , according to the San Luis Obispo Tribune .
`` It was obvious that this event had a very traumatic effect on [ Reade ] , and that she is still sensitive and effected [ sic ] by it today , '' wrote Theodore Dronen , her then-husband , in a legal memo during their divorce battle .
The file obtained by the California newspaper appears to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that might describe Ms Reade 's allegation .
Ms Reade 's brother , a former neighbour and a former colleague have all said they heard her describe the accusation against her boss after the alleged incident .
And her mother appears to have called a CNN show about the claim back in 1993 .
High-powered Manhattan lawyer Douglas Wigdor said in a statement that he is representing Ms Reade .
He has represented alleged sexual assault victims of jailed Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein .
Some Republicans are seizing on the Reade accusation to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ women when claims of wrongdoing are aimed at conservatives .
Mr Trump himself has faced a barrage of sexual misconduct allegations , which he also denies .
He once boasted of grabbing women by the genitals .
However , the Democrats have much more strongly championed the # MeToo movement , which backs women who make accusations of sexual assault and calls for their stories to be heard .
Women are a core constituency for the party , traditionally giving more votes to Democratic candidates than Republicans .
Some liberal women have said @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for Mr Biden anyway because they view Mr Trump as much worse .
November 's presidential election will be the first of the # MeToo era , and Mr Biden has framed it as a `` battle for the soul of America '' .

"So, he had one hand underneath my shirt, and the other had, I had a skirt on, and he went down my skirt and then went up and I remember I was up almost on my tippy toes," she said.


bbc--2020-05-08--Indian migrant deaths: 16 sleeping workers run over by train

Indian officials have ordered an investigation after 16 people were run over by a freight train in the state of Maharashtra .
The dead were migrant workers who had fallen asleep on the tracks , while attempting to walk to a station , from where they were hoping to get a train home .
India has organised special trains to take migrants to their home villages .
Tens of thousands of them fled cities on foot when India went into lockdown .
India 's migrant workforce comprises people who move to big cities from rural areas in search of better @ @ @ @ @ @ @ migrants to pay train fares home Railway officials say the workers walked on the road towards Aurangabad , and later on railway tracks leading to Aurangabad .
After walking for 22 miles ( 36km ) , they were exhausted and decided to rest.According to local reports , the workers assumed that trains would not be running because of the lockdown , and therefore slept on the tracks .
Images on social media show pieces of roti ( Indian bread ) strewn near the tracks .
• Could hunger kill more people than coronavirus @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 24 March , many of migrant workers feared they would starve and attempted to walk back to their home villages .
Many had no choice but to walk , as bus and train services were halted overnight .
Their plight had caused outrage within the country .
With the easing of restrictions earlier this month , the government announced that migrants would be able to return to their home states on special trains and buses .
Indian prime minister Narendra Modi said he was `` extremely anguished by the loss of lives due @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Maharashtra '' .

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bbc--2020-05-08--Coronavirus lockdown: UK 'should not expect big changes'

People should not expect big changes to the coronavirus lockdown in Boris Johnson 's speech to the nation on Sunday , a cabinet minister has said .
Culture Secretary Oliver Dowden told BBC Breakfast the speech would set out a `` cautious '' road map for the UK , rather than immediate alterations .
It comes amid concerns of mixed messaging across the four UK nations .
Meanwhile , the PM said the virus `` demands the same spirit of national endeavour '' seen on VE day 75 years ago .
• Mixed messages across the four nations • What @ @ @ @ @ @ @ • The five tests for ending lockdown Mr Dowden said Mr Johnson 's speech , at 19:00 BST on Sunday , would cautiously begin to look to the future , with limited amendments to restrictions to begin with .
`` On Sunday , what the prime minister will do is set out the road map ahead , '' he said .
`` So we can start to look to the future , but we 'll have to do so in a very tentative and cautious way .
People should not expect big changes @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` But what they should expect , and this is what people have been asking for some time , tell us where we 're going .
Give us a road map ahead .
And that is what the prime minister will do . ''
He added : `` The worst thing that could happen is that after the huge effort we 've all put in… we do n't want to have a second peak that overwhelms the NHS . ''
The total number of people who have died with coronavirus in hospitals , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the UK is 30,615 - a daily increase of 539 , the latest figures show .
• A SIMPLE GUIDE : How do I protect myself ?
• AVOIDING CONTACT : The rules on self-isolation and exercise • FACE MASKS : Should I be wearing one ?
Newspapers reported UK government sources saying some lockdown measures will be lifted as early as Monday and the BBC 's political editor Laura Kuennsberg reported the `` stay at home '' slogan is on the way out .
Mr Johnson had also said in the Commons @ @ @ @ @ @ @ get going '' with some measures to ease lockdown on Monday .
But BBC Newsnight 's political editor Nicholas Watt said the government `` had a wobble '' after Mr Johnson `` gave the impression to some people that more significant changes were on the way '' .
And the Welsh and Scottish governments suggested No 10 had sent `` mixed messages '' about the lockdown .
Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland have the power to make their own decisions on lockdown regulations : • In Scotland , First Minister Nicola Sturgeon @ @ @ @ @ @ @ saying it would be `` potentially catastrophic '' to end the `` clear '' message for people to stay at home ; • In Wales , First Minister Mark Drakeford is to announce his own plans during a press conference at 12:30 on Friday ; • In Northern Ireland , the executive has said there is `` no headroom '' yet to ease the lockdown .
No 10 has said Mr Johnson is in favour of a UK-wide approach , even if different parts begin to move at slightly different speeds based on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Secretary Dominic Raab told Thursday 's No 10 briefing the virus ' reproduction value - known as the R number - was between 0.5 and 0.9 .
UK public health bodies want the R number to stay below one .
John Edmunds , professor of infectious disease modelling at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , told MPs he believed the R number had risen in the past two weeks , despite the lockdown .
He said latest estimates put it currently between 0.75 and one .
Office for National Statistics chief @ @ @ @ @ @ @ assessment that the number had risen was driven by the spread in care homes .
`` That gives us a real challenge to reduce the epidemic in care homes and it 's one that I think - over the next few weeks from what I see happening - will happen , '' Sir Ian said .
• People are being urged by ministers to continue obeying the lockdown this bank holiday weekend , despite sunny weather forecast in some areas • The British ambassador to Turkey said that , while a small number @ @ @ @ @ @ @ country failed safety tests , more gowns passed assessments for use in the NHS • Writing in the Daily Telegraph , Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer said everything must be done to care for the elderly • There are plans to increase rail services from 18 May , in preparation for when the lockdown is eased • The government missed its 100,000-per-day testing target for the fifth consecutive day on Thursday , providing 86,583 tests • Meanwhile on the roads , the RAC says more people are now using their cars than earlier @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of more than 60 organisations and businesses - including Iceland Foods , The Body Shop and Ben and Jerry 's - are calling for Mr Johnson to prioritise a `` green '' UK economic recovery • The Royal Hospital Chelsea - the retirement home for British veterans - say said nine Chelsea Pensioners have died of coronavirus-related conditions • Tributes have been paid to Mercury Prize-nominated rapper Ty who has died with coronavirus aged 47 How have you been affected by coronavirus ?
Are you among those shielded or being tested ?
Share @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist .

"But what they should expect, and this is what people have been asking for some time, tell us where we're going. Give us a road map ahead. And that is what the prime minister will do."


bbc--2020-05-08--Germany passes law banning 'gay conversion therapy' for minors

The legislation is intended to stop groups offering the service - which claims to be able to change a person 's sexual orientation - to under-18s .
Those breaking the new law can face up to a year in prison , or a €30,000 ( $ 32,535 ; £26,268 ) fine .
Research suggests the controversial practice can lead to depression and increase the risk of suicide .
Under the law , passed on Thursday evening , minors will not be allowed to take part in medical interventions aimed at changing or suppressing their sexual orientation or gender identity .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ punished for making their children take part through deception , coercion or threats .
Conversion therapy practices can include hypnosis and electric shocks .
But experts say the word 'therapy ' is misleading because there is no scientific basis for it .
German Health Minister Jens Spahn said a robust law was needed to protect it from court challenges , adding that most people who attended treatment were young people forced to do so by others .
`` They should feel strengthened when the state , when society , when Parliament makes it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in this country , '' said Mr Spahn , who is gay himself .
Mr Spahn , a member of Chancellor Angela Merkel 's Christian Democrats ( CDU ) party , first announced plans to ban the practice last June , and a bill was drafted in November .
However critics argue the law does not go far enough .
Germany 's opposition Green Party has called for the age limit to be raised to 26 - the Left Party wants it to be 27 .
Around 1,000 people are subjected to conversion @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to the Magnus Hirschfeld Foundation , a Berlin-based human rights organisation .
The practice is outlawed in Switzerland and areas of Australia , Canada and the US .
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"They should feel strengthened when the state, when society, when Parliament makes it clear: we do not want that in this country," said Mr Spahn, who is gay himself.


bbc--2020-05-08--India gas leak: Culpable homicide charges after 11 die

Indian police have filed charges of culpable homicide against managers of LG Polymers over a gas leak at the plant that killed 11 people .
The leak at the site , owned by South Korean company LG Chem , occurred early on Thursday morning in the city of Visakhapatnam , Andhra Pradesh state .
Hundreds were taken ill and rushed to hospital , while thousands were evacuated from surrounding villages .
The dead include four women , two children , both girls , and five men .
Officials said most of those who were admitted to hospital on Thursday have @ @ @ @ @ @ @ are still being treated , but are stable .
The leak happened as the plant was being re-opened for the first time since 24 March , when India went into lockdown to curb the spread of coronavirus .
The company said in a statement that it was investigating the cause of the incident , and was looking at ways `` to provide speedy treatment '' for those affected .
The cause of the leak is still unclear and investigation is underway , officials said .
But the charges against the company include causing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ no more leakage happening , but the smell remains .
It perhaps will linger for some more time , '' the city 's deputy police commissioner , Gautam Sawang , told BBC Telugu .
People living near the plant say they woke up in the early hours to the smell of the gas and fled their homes .
They were taken to hospital , complaining of a burning sensation in the eyes and difficulties breathing .
The fumes had spread over a radius of about 3km ( 2 miles ) .
Distressing images @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the streets were shared on social media .
In 1984 , a toxic chemical leak in a pesticide plant in the central city of Bhopal killed thousands of people , in what is acknowledged to be the world 's worst industrial disaster .
More than 35 years later , victims say children are still being born with disabilities because of the effects of the methyl isocyanate gas spill .
What is Styrene and how can exposure affect humans ?
• Styrene is a colourless , or light yellow , flammable liquid primarily used @ @ @ @ @ @ @ resins - it is used in the manufacture of containers for foodstuffs , packaging , synthetic marble , flooring , disposable tableware and moulded furniture • Breathing air contaminated with styrene vapours can cause irritation of the nose and throat , coughing and wheezing , and create a build-up of fluid in the lungs • Exposure to larger amounts can result in the onset of `` styrene sickness '' , the signs and symptoms of which include headache , nausea , vomiting , weakness , tiredness , dizziness , confusion and clumsy or @ @ @ @ @ @ @ nervous system depression ) • In some cases exposure to styrene can also result in irregular heartbeats and even coma • Several epidemiologic studies suggest there may be an association between styrene exposure and an increased risk of leukemia and lymphoma though the evidence is inconclusive Sources : The PHE Centre for Radiation , Chemical and Environmental Hazards and US Environment Protection Agency

Officials said most of those who were admitted to hospital on Thursday have since been discharged. Some 120 people are still being treated, but are stable.


bbc--2020-05-08--Facebook and Google extend working from home to end of year

Facebook and Google have said they will let employees continue working from home for the rest of the year .
The tech giants have announced plans to reopen their offices soon but are allowing more home working flexibility .
Google originally said it would keep its work from home policy until 1 June , but is extending it for seven more months .
Facebook said it would reopen its offices on 6 July as coronavirus lockdowns are gradually lifted .
Google chief executive Sundar Pichai said that employees who need to return to the office will start being able to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ measures in place .
But the majority of employees who can carry out their jobs from home will be able to do so until the end of the year , Mr Pichai added .
The announcement coincides with Facebook 's as more companies start rolling out their back-to-work strategies .
`` Facebook has taken the next step in its return to work philosophy .
Today , we announced anyone who can do their work remotely can choose to do so through the end of the year , '' a spokesman said .
`` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ evolving situation as employees and their families make important decisions re : return to work . ''
Facebook is still determining which employees will be asked to come in , the spokeswoman added .
The social media platform was among the first tech firms to ask its employees to begin working remotely .
Facebook gave employees $ 1,000 ( £807 ) bonuses for their work-from-home and childcare costs .
The trend for working from home may suit some companies while they redesign their office spaces to cater to new social distancing guidelines .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ work in the middle of a global pandemic .

"Facebook has taken the next step in its return to work philosophy. Today, we announced anyone who can do their work remotely can choose to do so through the end of the year," a spokesman said. "As you can imagine this is an evolving situation as employees and their families make important decisions re: return to work."


bbc--2020-05-08--Can robotaxis ease public transport fears in China?

The rise of self-driving taxis in China comes at a time when people are nervous about taking public transport .
Robotaxi providers plan to ramp up the number of driverless cars they are putting on the roads to cater to the increased demand .
One of the leading players AutoX is rolling out 100 autonomous vehicles in Shanghai by June .
The start-up is one of several Chinese companies quickly moving to offer self-driving taxi services to the public .
`` The pandemic has made our society realise that we need self-driving cars for situations like this , '' said @ @ @ @ @ @ @ backed by Chinese internet giant Alibaba .
`` RoboTaxi with its self-disinfecting capabilities and driverless logistics could save lots of lives . ''
Internet search engine Baidu , China 's answer to Google , is rolling out a fleet of its Apollo robotaxis across three cities in China , although it has n't disclosed the number .
Baidu worked with a number of carmakers including Toyota , Honda and Ford for the development of Apollo .
`` The epidemic highlights the large demand for autonomous driving technologies during special times , '' said @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and partners are already using driverless vehicles during the epidemic and we 've deployed 104 driverless vehicles across 17 cities to help with disinfection , delivery and transportation of goods . ''
During this first phase the robotaxis will not be truly driverless as they need a human safety driver at the wheel .
`` The safety drivers will be phased out- that is absolutely the intention of this service , '' added the AutoX spokesman .
`` Virus spread will be a concern for a long time , so this strongly motivates @ @ @ @ @ @ @ February , the Chinese government issued a blueprint for the development of intelligent vehicles , to speed up the mass production of high-level autonomous cars by 2025 .
Pony.ai , founded by former Baidu and Google engineers , received $ 400m ( £325m ) in funding from Japanese carmaker Toyota in February , pushing its valuation to $ 3bn .
The firm has been trialling robotaxis in both China and the US .
James Peng , cofounder of Pony.ai , said the pandemic could prove to be an `` accelerator '' of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ has partnered with Chinese state-owned Baiyun Taxi Group to test a fleet of 40 cars .
WeRide said it expects fully driverless robotaxis to be ready by 2021 .
But there are still plenty of legal and regulatory hurdles for robotaxis to overcome even if the technology is ready .
Another area for potential growth for robotaxi providers is driverless deliveries , given the sharp rise in demand for shipping packages and groceries during the coronavirus lockdown .

During this first phase the robotaxis will not be truly driverless as they need a human safety driver at the wheel. "The safety drivers will be phased out- that is absolutely the intention of this service," added the AutoX spokesman. "Virus spread will be a concern for a long time, so this strongly motivates this type of automation."


bbc--2020-05-08--VE Day: Europe marks 75th anniversary amid coronavirus lockdown

Leaders across Europe are marking the 75th anniversary of VE Day with low-key ceremonies , as much of the continent remains under coronavirus lockdown .
The UK has held a two-minute silence to honour the war dead , and later an address by the Queen will be broadcast .
Small ceremonies are also being held by the leaders of France and Germany , Emmanuel Macron and Angela Merkel .
Other events are also being held to mark the defeat of Nazi Germany , but large gatherings remain forbidden .
The VE Day anniversary was to have been a colourful public @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Europe from Nazism , but those veterans are now confined indoors by the coronavirus lockdown .
On 8 May 1945 Britain and its Allies formally accepted Nazi Germany 's unconditional surrender after almost six years of war .
But that date was not the end of World War Two , as imperial Japan was not defeated by the Allies until August 1945 .
• The fall of Nazi Berlin in pictures President Macron laid a wreath at the tomb of the unknown soldier in Paris - the ceremony closed to all but a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ attending kept strictly to social distancing , and a small military choir sang the Marseillaise .
President Macron began the ceremony with a wreath-laying at the statue of Gen Charles de Gaulle , leader of the Free French forces in the war .
But just a few officers and aides were there , surrounded by empty streets .
France has been under strict lockdown since mid-March , and on Monday the nation begins an eagerly awaited easing of it , though the amount of easing will vary regionally .
Paris and the northeast @ @ @ @ @ @ @ will also lead a ceremony at Germany 's central War Memorial .
In Berlin , residents have been given an unprecedented public holiday , although this is not in place across the rest of the country .
A similar celebration , known as Victory Day , is held on 9 May in several former Soviet countries including Russia , Ukraine and Belarus .
World War Two cost more than 50 million lives , of whom an estimated 25 million were Soviet military and civilians .
The 75th anniversary comes at another pivotal moment @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 250,000 lives , infected more than 3.5 million and wrought economic havoc worldwide .
There are calls for economic rescue packages on a scale similar to the US Marshall Plan that speeded up Europe 's recovery after the war .
Yet there are fears that this crisis could plunge the world into its deepest recession .
Russian President Vladimir Putin had planned to hold a major parade in Moscow on Saturday , attended by President Macron and Chinese President Xi Jinping .
But the event - showcasing more than 15,000 troops - has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Instead , an air force flypast will take place and Mr Putin will lay flowers at a war memorial near Moscow 's Red Square .

France has been under strict lockdown since mid-March, and on Monday the nation begins an eagerly awaited easing of it, though the amount of easing will vary regionally. Paris and the north-east are the virus hotspots.


bbc--2020-05-08--China 'copycat' buildings: Government clamps down on foreign imitations

From English towns , to Alpine villages , to the Eiffel Tower - copies of foreign architecture can be seen across China .
But now the government is clamping down , in order to promote local design .
A government statement says `` plagiarising , imitating , and copycatting '' designs is prohibited in new public facilities .
The statement says buildings `` reveal a city 's culture '' - and that `` large , foreign , and weird '' designs should be limited .
The guidelines also clamp down on new skyscrapers - limiting them , in general , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ According to the Global Times , the `` fake , shoddy versions '' of foreign buildings appear in `` many third and fourth-tier Chinese cities '' .
The government did not say what will happen to existing `` foreign '' buildings , but does say there will be `` city inspections '' to check for problems .
The statement , issued on 27 April but only reported this week , singles out stadiums , exhibition centres , museums and theatres as public facilities where it 's especially important to ban plagiarism .
`` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ city 's external image and internal spirit , revealing a city 's culture , '' the government statement says .
It calls for a `` new era '' of architecture to `` strengthen cultural confidence , show the city 's features , exhibit the contemporary spirit , and display the Chinese characteristics '' .
The guidelines on `` foreign '' architecture were mostly welcomed on Chinese social media .
`` The ban is great , '' wrote a Weibo user , according to state media the Global Times .
`` It 's much @ @ @ @ @ @ @ build fake copycat ones . ''
Another recalled seeing an imitation White House in Jiangsu province .
`` It burned my eyes , '' she said .
In 2013 , the BBC visited `` Thames Town '' , an imitation English town in Songjiang in Shanghai .
The town features cobbled streets , a medieval meeting hall - even a statue of Winston Churchill - and was a popular spot for wedding photos .
`` Usually if you want to see foreign buildings , you have to go abroad , '' said one @ @ @ @ @ @ @ them to China , people can save money while experiencing foreign-style architecture . ''
China , of course , is not the only country to borrow - or copy - other countries ' designs .
Las Vegas in the US revels in its imitations of iconic foreign architecture including the Eiffel Tower and Venetian canals .
Thailand also has developments that mimic the Italian countryside and charming English villages , mainly aimed at domestic tourists .

"Usually if you want to see foreign buildings, you have to go abroad," said one person. "But if we import them to China, people can save money while experiencing foreign-style architecture."


bbc--2020-05-08--Coronavirus: Andy Serkis reads entire Hobbit live online for charity

Andy Serkis is reading The Hobbit live and in its entirety on Friday , in an effort to raise money for charity .
The 56-year-old began streaming his online performance of JRR Tolkien 's 1937 novel at 10:00 BST .
`` Thank you so much for joining me on this huge expedition we 're about to go on in our living rooms , '' Serkis told viewers before he began the reading .
The Gollum actor said over £100,000 had already been raised for NHS Charities Together and Best Beginnings .
The actor paused at 11:00 BST to observe a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ only other breaks he will take throughout the day will be to go to the loo .
Around 15,000 viewers watched the first hour of his reading , dubbed the `` Hobbitathon '' .
Serkis played the corrupted character , originally known as Smeagol , in the The Lord of the Rings and Hobbit films .
Before he began the reading , Serkis thanked `` the NHS and all the charities who are out there doing important work saving our lives and keeping us safe '' .
He joked : `` We 've @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , I do n't even have to do it , goodbye , '' before pretending to get up and leave .
His reading is expected to last for up to 12 hours , with viewers watching via his YouTube stream and Go Fund Me Page .
`` So many of us are struggling in isolation during the lockdown , '' Serkis said on Thursday .
`` While times are tough , I want to take you on one of the greatest fantasy adventures ever written , a 12-hour armchair marathon across Middle Earth @ @ @ @ @ @ @ which are doing extraordinary work right now to help those most in need . ''
The British actor was awarded the Bafta film award for outstanding British contribution to cinema earlier this year for his groundbreaking motion capture work as Gollum , as well as on films like King Kong and the Planet of Apes movie series .
Serkis joked he might need to put up a `` back in five minutes '' sign , when nature calls , or when he needs a spot of precious lunch , but aside from that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ into the quest .
`` I 'm not going to be doing impersonations of the great voices like Ian McKellen 's and Martin Freeman 's in our film but I will probably nod to them in some way , '' he told PA. '' I will try to find my own version but I will be giving it welly . ''
`` It 's not going to be a dry reading , it 's live , and there will be lots of , I 'm sure , fumbles and stumbles and trips and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ we go back and correct , it 's happening live , and if the cat walks in and jumps up on the desk , that is what is gong to happen , '' he added .
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bbc--2020-05-08--Coronavirus lockdown sends solo sailor on Pacific odyssey

One man 's dream to spend three years sailing solo around the Pacific nearly turned to disaster after borders started closing around the region , leaving him stranded alone at sea for three months .
While people around the globe were panic buying and stocking up , he was running low on food and fuel as he sailed between islands trying to find somewhere to dock .
Wong - he only wanted to share his surname - set off from his home country Singapore on 2 February .
It was an adventure the 59-year-old experienced sailor had been meticulously planning @ @ @ @ @ @ @ amount of fuel he would need to the weather conditions of the places he was intending to visit .
The plan was to sail from Singapore to Polynesia , a journey that would take about four months , in his yacht .
Once there , he would spend time exploring the region by land and sea .
But he would soon learn that even the best laid plans could go awry - especially in the face of a global pandemic .
For the first leg of his journey , Wong was joined by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ initial stages of his journey .
In late February , they disembarked in Indonesia as scheduled and Wong headed on alone to his destination of Papua New Guinea ( PNG ) , where he planned to stock up on fuel and food .
But a few days in , his auto-pilot broke .
`` I was still in Indonesian waters then so I wanted to anchor and take a break and repair my boat .
But I was chased away - they said the lockdown had already begun , '' he told the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ I would just continue on . ''
A broken autopilot meant he needed to man the ship at all times .
At night , he would set his alarm to ring once every hour , so he could wake up to check his whereabouts .
And his luck did not improve .
As he neared PNG , he found out from his family - whom he kept in touch with by satellite phone - that it had also closed its borders .
He decided he would stop at a small island close by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ island , only around 20-30 families lived there .
There was no telephone , no television , nothing , '' he said .
`` But even they had heard of the lockdown , so they chased me away .
I approached several other islands but they all chased me away .
`` It was then that I got news that the South Pacific islands were all in lockdown , but I was already halfway there - I could n't really turn back .
So I decided to just continue to Tuvalu . ''
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ the next 13 days .
It was 21 April when he reached Tuvalu .
By this time , he had already spent weeks alone on his boat , and his supplies were running dangerously low .
`` My initial plan , if there was no virus , was that I would stop at each country for a while , buy some fuel and food , '' he said .
`` By this time , the vegetables were all spoilt but I still could keep things like meat and things like potatoes as I @ @ @ @ @ @ @ He was about two hours from Tuvalu waters when he was discovered by maritime officials - who again , told him to leave .
`` I pleaded with them and said 'Please , I do n't have any more fuel and food .
I wo n't anchor and step on land , just let me stay in your waters , ' '' he said .
But they said no .
`` I said I did n't have anywhere to go and they said to head back to the ocean .
At last I @ @ @ @ @ @ @ some food and fuel . ''
He passed them nearly US $ 1,400 ( £1,133 ) in exchange for 1,000 litres of diesel and approximately a month 's worth of food .
A boat carrying both these things eventually arrived , but they could n't approach Wong due to social distancing rules .
`` I pulled out my small rubber boat and pushed it their way , and they put the goods there and I would tow it back .
We took a lot of time pulling it back and forth . ''
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ towards Fiji .
During this time , his family back home in Singapore got in touch with Singapore 's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and tried to secure a place for him to dock in Fiji .
All he could do then was wait and hope for the best .
His options were running low but then he hit a real low point after his boat hit coral .
`` It was sometime in April that my propeller was damaged .
I remember on that day , huge winds started picking up - they @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
He later found out that he was some 500 nautical miles ( 926 km ) away from Cyclone Harold - the storm that ravaged the Pacific Islands , killing dozens .
`` I was very far away but I still felt it .
The winds blew my boat and it hit something , causing one of my propellers to spoil , '' he said .
But thankfully , he soon received word that the Fiji government had agreed to take him in .
`` I was so happy and relieved when Fiji @ @ @ @ @ @ @ thankful to the Fijian government and to Singapore 's Ministry of Foreign Affairs for co-ordinating , '' he said .
A navy boat was sent out to tow him in and he eventually docked in Fiji on 29 April - after almost three months of wandering the sea .
`` Mr Wong was fatigued after incurring damages to his yacht and had minimal rest and [ was ] running short of food supplies , '' Commander Tim Natuva of the Fiji Navy told BBC News .
Cmdr Natuva said the rescue effort required @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Fiji including customs , immigration , navy and the ministry of health .
Fiji , which has a population of about 880,000 , currently has 18 confirmed cases of the virus - one of the few nations in the South Pacific to have any reported virus cases .
Cmdr Natuva said the rescue itself was `` fairly simple '' but `` needed some adjustments '' because of the virus restrictions .
• How do you stay at home if your home is destroyed ?
But it was a success - Wong eventually managed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ hospital where he had to undergo a swab test .
The test , of course , came back negative .
`` If it had come back positive - I really do n't know how that would have happened !
I had n't seen anyone for months at that point ! ''
he joked .
When asked how he felt about being rejected from every country , his tone remained upbeat , saying : `` Those countries did what they had to do .
If they had let me in and someone had gotten @ @ @ @ @ @ @ they explain the incident to their citizens ?
`` One thing that surprised me was that even those small islands with no wifi and television , even they felt the effects of the virus so strongly .
I really felt for them . ''
Wong has since been discharged but remains in Fiji working on repairing his yacht , waiting for the chance to resume his trip .
`` I hope this is outbreak is something we 'll all be able to get through , '' he said .
`` And after this @ @ @ @ @ @ @ voyage . ''

"It was sometime in April that my propeller was damaged. I remember on that day, huge winds started picking up - they were really strong," he said. He later found out that he was some 500 nautical miles (926 km) away from Cyclone Harold - the storm that ravaged the Pacific Islands, killing dozens.


bbc--2020-05-08--Walker says he feels 'harassed' after lockdown breach reports

Manchester City and England defender Kyle Walker says he feels he is `` being harassed '' after it was reported he had broken social distancing rules again .
Walker , 29 , confirmed he went to Sheffield to see his sister on Wednesday to give her a birthday present and hugged her .
He then admitted he travelled to his parent 's house to `` pick up some home-cooked meals '' .
City will not take any disciplinary action against Walker .
The Premier League club feel there were some personal circumstances surrounding his trip which provide important context .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ from City for a lockdown breach in early April .
Walker was reported to have hosted a party involving two sex workers and City said the right-back 's actions had `` directly contravened '' his responsibility as a role model .
The defender apologised and urged people to `` stay home , stay safe '' during the coronavirus pandemic .
On Thursday , the Sun reported Walker broke lockdown three times in 24 hours this week with visits to his sister , his parents and a cycle ride with a friend .
Walker @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with a social media post explaining his actions .
He said the reports were affecting his and his family 's mental health , adding : `` At what stage do my feelings get taken into consideration ? ''
The government has put social distancing restrictions in place to combat coronavirus .
According to the latest figures , 30,615 people in the UK have died with coronavirus in hospitals , care homes and the wider community .
`` I have recently gone through one of the toughest periods of my life , which I @ @ @ @ @ @ @ said .
`` However , I now feel as though I am being harassed .
This is no longer solely affecting me , but affecting the health of my family and my young children too . ''
He added : `` At a time when the focus is understandably on Covid-19 , at what point does mental health get taken into consideration ?
`` I am a human being , with feelings of pain and upset like everybody else .
Being in the public eye does not make you immune to this .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ feel as though my life is being scrutinised without any context .
`` I understand if people are upset or angry with me , but it was important for people to have a better understanding of my life . ''
• Everton striker Moise Kean is set to be disciplined by the club after being filmed at a house party .
• Aston Villa captain Jack Grealish was pictured at the scene of a car crash , after going to `` see a friend '' .
He apologised and said he was `` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Serge Aurier and Moussa Sissoko apologised for training together despite the coronavirus restrictions .
• Spurs manager Jose Mourinho `` accepted his actions were not in line with protocol '' after being pictured holding a one-on-one training session in a park with midfielder Tanguy Ndombele .
• Arsenal spoke to all their players after Alexandre Lacazette , David Luiz , Nicolas Pepe and Granit Xhaka were pictured breaking social distancing guidelines .
• Chelsea midfielder Mason Mount was pictured having a kickabout with West Ham 's Declan Rice despite team-mate Callum Hudson-Odoi testing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to self-isolate for 14 days .

Last updated on .From the section Man City
Kyle Walker has won 48 caps for England and two Premier League titles at Manchester City
Manchester City and England defender Kyle Walker says he feels he is "being harassed" after it was reported he had broken social distancing rules again.
Walker, 29, confirmed he went to Sheffield to see his sister on Wednesday to give her a birthday present and hugged her.
He then admitted he travelled to his parent's house to "pick up some home-cooked meals".
City will not take any disciplinary action against Walker.
The Premier League club feel there were some personal circumstances surrounding his trip which provide important context.
The player is already facing disciplinary action from City for a lockdown breach in early April.
Walker was reported to have hosted a party involving two sex workers and City said the right-back's actions had "directly contravened" his responsibility as a role model.
The defender apologised and urged people to "stay home, stay safe" during the coronavirus pandemic.
On Thursday, the Sun reported Walker broke lockdown three times in 24 hours this week with visits to his sister, his parents and a cycle ride with a friend.
Walker responded in the early hours of Friday with a social media post explaining his actions. He said the reports were affecting his and his family's mental health, adding: "At what stage do my feelings get taken into consideration?"
The government has put social distancing restrictions in place to combat coronavirus. According to the latest figures, 30,615 people in the UK have died with coronavirus in hospitals, care homes and the wider community.
"I have recently gone through one of the toughest periods of my life, which I take full responsibility for," Walker said.
"However, I now feel as though I am being harassed. This is no longer solely affecting me, but affecting the health of my family and my young children too."
He added: "At a time when the focus is understandably on Covid-19, at what point does mental health get taken into consideration?
"I am a human being, with feelings of pain and upset like everybody else. Being in the public eye does not make you immune to this.
"It is sad, but I feel as though my life is being scrutinised without any context.
"I understand if people are upset or angry with me, but it was important for people to have a better understanding of my life."
Footballers to have breached lockdown guidelines