bbc--2020-05-23--Coronavirus: 'Baffling' observations from the front line

When you talk to intensive care doctors across the UK , exhausted after weeks of dealing with the ravages of Covid-19 , the phrase that emerges time after time is , `` We 've never seen anything like this before . ''
They knew a new disease was coming , and they were expecting resources to be stretched by an unknown respiratory infection which had first appeared in China at the end of last year .
And as the number of cases increased , doctors up and down the UK were reading first-hand accounts from colleagues in China , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and on social media - about the intensity of infection .
`` It felt in some ways like we were trying to prepare for the D-Day landings , '' says Barbara Miles , clinical director of intensive care at Glasgow Royal Infirmary , `` with three weeks to get ready and not a great deal of knowledge about what we would be facing '' .
But what arrived in the UK as winter turned into spring took even the most experienced ICU specialists by surprise .
Most people infected with the coronavirus have @ @ @ @ @ @ @ at all .
But in many thousands of patients who fall critically ill , Covid-19 is a disease of alarming complexity .
What follows is a summary , often in their own words , of what doctors have learnt about how Covid-19 attacks the human body , and what they still need to know .
`` I think most clinicians were expecting a respiratory virus that causes pneumonia , '' says Prof Anthony Gordon , a consultant on the intensive care unit at St Mary 's Hospital , Paddington , `` something similar @ @ @ @ @ @ @ much bigger scale '' .
But , he says , it became apparent very quickly that it was affecting far more than just people 's breathing .
Viral pneumonia is a nasty disease - a serious infection of the lungs which causes inflammation as the body fights against it .
But the worst cases of Covid-19 have been something new .
`` The volume of this is , of course , unprecedented in the era of modern medicine , '' says Ron Daniels , an intensive care consultant at hospitals in Birmingham .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ of illness which is so distinct , and the way it 's really different from almost every other patient that we 've ever seen before . ''
For the critically ill , this is a disease of such severe inflammation and blood clotting that it attacks multiple organs and causes life-threatening problems that cascade around the body .
`` As a doctor it seems at times quite horrific , we have had so many very , very sick patients who are having these profound changes in their body en masse , '' says @ @ @ @ @ @ @ - the clotting of the blood - who works in intensive care at a leading London hospital .
`` We 're all struggling to understand it better and it 's absolutely key that we get more research done so we can understand what is going on . ''
As the virus began to spread more rapidly in the UK throughout March , patients started arriving in hospitals because they were breathless and short of oxygen .
But many of the most seriously ill - such as those who were admitted to intensive care @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , not just their lungs .
And their blood was acting in ways that have yet to be fully explained .
`` We still do n't really know why some patients feel OK to begin with , even though they have incredibly low levels of oxygen in their blood , '' says Prof Hugh Montgomery , a consultant in critical care at the Whittington Hospital in north London .
Doctors measure what they call oxygen saturation - the percentage of haemoglobin molecules in the blood that are carrying oxygen .
Usually the aim @ @ @ @ @ @ @ keep it at 90 % or above .
But in some Covid-19 patients the levels drop quite a lot further , down to 80 % and sometimes considerably lower than that .
Normally that is enough to set serious alarm bells ringing , but a number of patients appeared to be functioning relatively well with remarkably low levels of oxygen .
`` It may be related to the inflammation which is affecting the blood vessels , '' says Anthony Gordon .
`` It 's stopping the oxygen getting into the blood , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ low levels .
But the lungs themselves are not so affected in the early stages . ''
It is one of the many mysteries of Covid-19 on which more research is urgently required .
And it 's led many doctors to question whether mechanical ventilation , to help patients breathe , is always the right course of action for this disease .
To be connected to a ventilator , a patient has to be rendered unconscious and a tube has to be inserted into their main airway .
This process has saved many @ @ @ @ @ @ @ some , the focus on the lungs may have been the wrong treatment at the wrong time .
`` The disease appears to go through different stages , '' notes Barbara Miles , `` and so knowing more about how to use the breathing machines on these patients at different stages of the illness would be something I hope we will learn as time goes on . ''
Normally , patients who are seriously ill with viral pneumonia have to be on a ventilator for about a week .
With Covid-19 , a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ We 've been seeing people on a ventilator for much longer than that , and we do n't quite understand why that is , '' observes Prof Danny McAuley , an ICU consultant at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast .
`` It may be that there is still untreated virus continuing to cause damage .
Or it may be that it 's a response to the virus , with all the excessive inflammation causing multiple problems in the body . ''
And many of those problems appear to be connected to the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of inflammation in the lungs make this a very different disease .
When the lining of blood vessels gets inflamed , the blood is more likely to clot .
And Covid-19 creates incredibly thick sticky blood in seriously ill patients .
`` We find small clots in the small arteries of the lungs but also big clots in the big arteries of the lungs , '' says Hugh Montgomery .
`` More than 25 % of patients have significant clots and this is a real problem . ''
And the stickier the blood @ @ @ @ @ @ @ You 're much more prone to having deep vein thrombosis , '' explains Beverley Hunt , which usually means a blood clot in your leg .
`` And pulmonary embolism , when one of the deep vein thromboses travels around the body and blocks the blood supply to the lungs , adding to the problem of the pneumonia . ''
• 31 December : World Health Organisation first informed by China of `` pneumonia of unknown cause '' • 31 January : First positive cases of coronavirus infection announced in the UK • @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the UK , according to NHS England • 2 April : Suspected Covid-19 hospital admissions peak in UK at more than 3400 in a single day • 10 April : 980 deaths announced in the UK , the highest daily figure involving confirmed Covid-19 cases • 20 May : 250,908 positive Covid-19 cases and 36,042 deaths of positive cases across the UK so far Blood clots also prevent proper circulation of the blood to other organs like the heart and the brain , making it far more likely that seriously ill Covid-19 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a stroke .
And some of the warning signs about blood clotting have astonished doctors .
The main protein in the blood which forms blood clots is called fibrinogen .
`` Normally , '' says Beverley Hunt , `` it 's somewhere between two and four grams per litre in your blood .
It goes up a bit in pregnancy , but what we 're getting with Covid is as high as 10 to 14 grams per litre .
I 've never seen that in all my years as a doctor . ''
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ , a blood protein known as D-dimer , has also been off the scale .
`` In a healthy patient , levels are measured in the tens or hundreds , '' says Hugh Montgomery .
`` With Covid it 's not been at all unusual to be seeing levels of 60 , 70 or 80,000 , which is quite unheard of . ''
In some cases , such extraordinary numbers must be due to the presence of multiple clots .
But D-dimers can also be a marker of an infection so severe that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ body 's immune system .
Cytokines are small molecules produced by the body as part of its defence against infection .
A chemical warning system .
They lead to inflammation , and up to a certain level that is good for you .
It allows you to fight an infection and hopefully get rid of it .
But in some patients , Covid-19 provokes what is known as a cytokine storm .
`` The problem , '' says Anthony Gordon , `` is that if the infection overwhelms the response , you get @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
They then cause even more excessive inflammation , which leads not just to the breathing problems we 've talked about , but damage to the body 's other organs . ''
One focus of study in seriously ill patients is that the number of T-cells - important blood cells in the immune system - appears to be lowered dramatically during the cytokine storm .
Researchers hope that boosting T-cell numbers will aid recovery .
But all of these factors add up to Covid-19 being highly unpredictable - it is what specialists call @ @ @ @ @ @ @ much harder to know how best to treat any individual patient , and at the moment there is no textbook to tell doctors what to do .
`` It 's not just the lungs being affected , '' says Hugh Montgomery , `` it 's the kidneys , the heart , the liver .
We 've also seen severely inflamed muscle which is doing a lot of damage . ''
More than 2,000 Covid patients admitted to intensive care have suffered kidney failure .
We 've been giving patients dialysis machine support , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the blood flowing through the machines clots far more readily than we 're used to , so we 've had to give them increased amounts of blood thinning medication as well . ''
In a growing number of patients , the brain has also become a serious cause for concern among senior doctors who 've been exchanging information on a daily basis for weeks .
`` We now know that large numbers of patients are having significant inflammation of the brain , '' observes Hugh Montgomery .
`` The inflammation presents with everything @ @ @ @ @ @ @ than we would normally expect in ICU , to fits and what we call diffuse encephalitis . ''
`` That means some people not waking up properly after being taken off a ventilator . ''
It is a litany of challenges , and doctors are desperate to know exactly why and how all these different parts of the body are being so badly affected .
Lack of oxygen and damaged blood vessels are clearly part of the equation .
But evidence is mounting that many organs are being attacked by the virus directly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ most common underlying conditions involved with Covid-19 are not respiratory problems like asthma .
Instead , they are vascular conditions that affect the veins and the arteries - high blood pressure , diabetes and heart disease , along with associated factors such as gender , obesity and in particular old age .
According to the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre , more than 70 % of patients admitted to critical care units in England , Wales and Northern Ireland have been male , and more than 70 % have been overweight @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of those who have died in intensive care have been over the age of 60 .
Some people and not others But that still does n't entirely explain why so many people infected with this coronavirus have only mild symptoms or even no symptoms at all , while others become dangerously ill very quickly .
`` We 've yet to fully understand this condition , it is baffling , '' admits Ron Daniels , pointing out that even in intensive care , patients present in a variety of different ways .
`` We @ @ @ @ @ @ @ who has isolated respiratory failure and just needs a bit of help with a ventilator .
And we can have a patient in their 20s who develops multi-organ failure very quickly . ''
In the absence of solid proof , many theories are being discussed , based on observation of patients , and much research is being done .
Many ICU doctors think it is highly likely that genetics plays a part in some people becoming critically ill with Covid-19 , but they ca n't yet say for sure .
`` It could @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it has had on people of African and Asian origin , '' says Ron Daniels .
`` It may also be responsible for the differences in the response of individuals . ''
It is possible , for example , that the genetic variation that makes you more susceptible to getting high blood pressure or diabetes also makes you more susceptible to the virus .
One leading theory focuses on ACE-2 , a protein which sits on the surface of many types of cells and helps regulate blood pressure .
It is ACE-2 that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and infect healthy cells .
Some people may be genetically predisposed to having more ACE-2 receptors in their body , and may therefore be more likely to fall seriously ill with Covid-19 .
Further evidence to support this theory can be found in the number of seriously ill patients who develop gut problems , which suggests the virus can also attack the lower digestive tract where there are plenty of ACE-2 receptors .
It looks likely that ACE-2 is also responsible for the high incidence of kidney failure .
For now , though @ @ @ @ @ @ @ answers .
Barbara Miles says dealing with Covid-19 has been the steepest learning curve of her career .
`` We 'd like to know more about how to treat and prevent blood clots in these patients - what 's the optimum treatment to try to prevent them and the optimum treatment if they occur , '' she says .
Getting the right balance between different kinds of drugs is absolutely vital - trying to solve one problem can sometimes create another .
`` We do n't really know exactly how much therapy to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it .
But that will hopefully come as we gain more experience of this condition . ''
Similar responses emerge to a series of questions that ICU consultants have been grappling with , even as the number of patients in intensive care has fallen again : • When is the right time to mechanically ventilate patients with Covid-19 ?
• What might be the best antiviral drugs to use , and what might be the right dose of anti-inflammatory or immune-suppressing drugs to prescribe ?
• Could the idea of using convalescent plasma @ @ @ @ @ @ @ who have recovered - be part of the solution ?
`` We 've multiple anecdotal reports that say this works or that works , '' says Danny McAuley .
`` And really the only way to know the correct answer to this new disease is to do large clinical trials over the next few months . ''
A huge number of such trials are already taking place - there are 41 'nationally prioritised ' studies being funded in the UK alone - as doctors prepare for the possibility of the virus returning in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in some quarters that trials are n't being approved quickly enough , but the UK is a world leader in medical research .
And the more doctors know , the better they can treat Covid-19 .
They know the failure of lungs has certainly been the biggest cause of Covid deaths in intensive care , but it is not the only one .
That means what has been done in the past may not always be the right thing to do for this particular illness .
`` It 's been almost medieval , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the challenges of the past three months .
The best ICU doctors in the land have had to make educated guesses about a disease they have never encountered before .
For much of the time they have had to base their medicine on observation , rather than on knowledge gained from previous experiments and existing data .
And one of the greatest clinical challenges in dealing with Covid-19 in the future is to improve the outcome for patients admitted to intensive care .
`` We 've learnt an awful lot and the teamwork @ @ @ @ @ @ @ struggled , '' says Anthony Gordon , who has worked on intensive care wards for more than 20 years .
`` At times I 've come home thinking I really do n't know if what I did today was the right thing .
`` We 're having to learn in a few months what we 've learnt over many hundreds of years for other diseases , and that has been a real challenge . ''
• A SIMPLE GUIDE : How do I protect myself ?
• AVOIDING CONTACT : The rules on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ I get tested for coronavirus ?

"We've multiple anecdotal reports that say this works or that works," says Danny McAuley. "And really the only way to know the correct answer to this new disease is to do large clinical trials over the next few months." A huge number of such trials are already taking place - there are 41 'nationally prioritised' studies being funded in the UK alone - as doctors prepare for the possibility of the virus returning in a second surge.


bbc--2020-05-26--White woman called police on black man in dog row

A white American woman who called the police after a black man asked her to put her dog on a leash in New York City has been suspended from her job with an investment firm .
The man , described as an `` avid birder '' , was concerned the dog could endanger wildlife in Central Park .
`` I 'm going to tell them [ police ] there 's an African-American man threatening my life , '' she told him .
A video of the incident posted on social media went viral on Monday .
The woman , identified @ @ @ @ @ @ @ saying she had `` overreacted '' .
Ms Cooper also returned her dog to a rescue centre after allegations of cruelty as she appeared to choke the animal while calling the police .
The man , Christian Cooper ( no relation ) , posted his video of the incident on Facebook and said that it began when he noticed Ms Cooper 's dog `` tearing through the plantings '' in an area of Central Park called the Ramble .
`` Ma'am , dogs in the Ramble have to be on the leash at @ @ @ @ @ @ @ there , '' Mr Cooper says he told Ms Cooper , but she refused to restrain her dog .
He said he was concerned the dog would destroy the habitat in the Ramble , a popular area for bird-watchers .
• Viewpoint : Why racism is worse in the US than Europe • New York police officer in ' I ca n't breathe ' death fired He says he then offered the dog some treats , as a way to encourage it to leave the woodland .
At some point Mr Cooper began @ @ @ @ @ @ @ phone , and she asked him to stop .
The video shows Ms Cooper calling the police , saying to Mr Cooper `` I 'm going to tell them there 's an African-American man threatening my life . ''
The video , which was also posted on Twitter by Mr Cooper 's sister , has been widely condemned on social media as many point out the high number of killings of black men by police in the US .
Others referred to the high-profile fatal shooting of Ahmaud Arbery , a 25-year-old black @ @ @ @ @ @ @ was killed by two men in February .
• Ahmaud Arbery : What do we know about the case ?
Ms Cooper 's employer Franklin Templeton , an investment firm , has suspended her while it investigates the incident , saying on Twitter that `` we do not condone racism of any kind . ''
New York Police Department said no complaints or arrests were made , according to broadcaster NBC .
`` We live in an age of Ahmaud Arbery , where black men are gunned down because of assumptions people make @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and I 'm just not going to participate in that , '' Mr Cooper told NBC .
Ms Cooper told the outlet , `` I sincerely and humbly apologize to everyone , especially to that man , his family . ''
The incident made her realise that not everyone has the `` luxury '' of thinking of the police as a `` protection agency , '' she added .
She also returned her dog to the Abandoned Angels Cocker Spaniel Rescue , where she adopted it a few years ago , after allegations @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the police .
`` The dog is now in our rescue 's care and he is safe and in good health , '' the organisation wrote on Facebook .

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bbc--2020-05-26--UK minister quits over Cummings' lockdown actions

Junior minister Douglas Ross has resigned after Dominic Cummings ' defence of his trip to County Durham during the coronavirus lockdown .
Mr Ross , Under Secretary of State for Scotland , said the senior aide 's view of the government guidance was `` not shared by the vast majority of people '' .
Mr Cummings has explained why he drove 260 miles in March from his home to his parents ' farm with his wife and child .
No 10 said the prime minister regretted Mr Ross ' decision to stand down .
In a statement announcing his resignation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ MP for Moray , said : `` While the intentions may have been well meaning , the reaction to this news shows that Mr Cummings interpretation of the government advice was not shared by the vast majority of people who have done as the government asked . ''
`` I have constituents who did n't get to say goodbye to loved ones ; families who could not mourn together ; people who did n't visit sick relatives because they followed the guidance of the government .
`` I can not in good faith @ @ @ @ @ @ @ one senior adviser to the government was right . ''
A No 10 spokesman said : `` The prime minister would like to thank Douglas Ross for his service to government and regrets his decision to stand down as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Scotland . ''
• Timeline : What did Dominic Cummings do ?
Mr Cummings has faced calls to resign after it emerged he had driven his child and ill wife from London to County Durham during lockdown .
At a news conference in the garden of 10 Downing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ he did not regret his actions .
and believed he acted reasonably and legally .
On the subject of why he then drove his family to the town of Barnard Castle - 15 days after he had displayed symptoms - Mr Cummings said he was testing his eyesight to see if he could make the trip back down to London .
He explained that he had experienced some eyesight problems during his illness .
Earlier on Tuesday , Cabinet Office Minister Michael Gove said Mr Cummings ' account of his actions was `` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` people will make their own mind up '' .
`` Most people will understand he was under pressure , and sought to put the health of his wife and son first , and took care to ensure they as a family unit were not in danger of infecting other people , '' he told the BBC .
Boris Johnson has said he regrets the `` confusion and anger '' caused by the row , but has continued to back Mr Cummings .
Douglas Ross backed Boris Johnson to be Tory leader and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ party seen as hostile to his style of government .
So this resignation is a blow - and could point to wider discontent .
There is a Scottish subplot - the Scottish Tories have been accused of hypocrisy for demanding Scotland 's chief medical officer resign then staying quiet about Dominic Cummings .
But Mr Ross 's reasons for resigning are scathing .
He says he can not tell his constituents in good faith that they were wrong to miss funerals and other family events , but Mr Cummings was right .
He @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and resigned .
The question now is whether other Tory MPs are continuing to get the same feedback .
Labour 's shadow Scottish Secretary Ian Murray said Mr Ross had done the `` decent thing '' by resigning .
`` He understands that it 's not acceptable to have one rule for Boris Johnson 's closest adviser , another for everybody else , '' he said .
The SNP 's Westminster leader Ian Blackford said he respected Mr Ross for taking the `` difficult decision '' to resign and called for Mr Cummings @ @ @ @ @ @ @ without further delay '' .
`` This issue transcends politics .
It is about protecting trust and confidence in the public health advice , '' he said in a tweet .
Opposition MPs are due to meet later to discuss their next steps in deciding how to hold Boris Johnson and his senior aide to account .
Labour has criticised Mr Cummings for failing to apologise for his actions , while other parties are calling for him to be sacked .
Following Monday 's press conference , several government ministers posted messages of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ However , William Wragg , Tory MP for Hazel Grove , said it was `` humiliating and degrading to their office to see ministers put out agreed lines in defence of an advisor '' .
Simon Jupp is among the latest Tory MPs to say Mr Cummings should consider his position , saying he has felt `` anger , disappointment and frustration '' during the `` deeply unhelpful distraction '' .
Veteran Tory MP Sir Roger Gale has also called for Mr Cummings to resign , telling the BBC he had `` sent @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' to the public .
• A SIMPLE GUIDE : What are the symptoms ?
• RISK AT WORK : How exposed is your job ?
• RECOVERY : How long does it take to get better ?
The row overshadowed Mr Johnson 's announcement on Monday that all non-essential shops in England will be allowed to reopen from 15 June provided they meet new social distancing and hygiene measures .
They follow outdoor markets and car showrooms , which will be allowed to reopen from 1 June .
But with online shopping @ @ @ @ @ @ @ questions over whether customers will return .
Latest government figures show the number of people to die with coronavirus in the UK rose by 121 to 36,914 on Monday .
• A drug treatment that appears to shorten recovery time for people with coronavirus is being made available on the NHS • The pandemic has given the government an `` extraordinary opportunity '' to offer rough sleepers long-term help to get off the streets , the head of its homeless coronavirus taskforce has said • Ireland 's chief medical officer says the Republic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' , as no new deaths were reported in the past day • Holding the Cheltenham Festival and Liverpool 's Champions League match against Atletico Madrid in March `` caused increased suffering and death '' , the scientist leading the UK 's largest Covid-19 tracking project has said

Mr Ross, who remains Conservative MP for Moray, said Mr Cummings' "intentions may have been well meaning" - but that he could not tell constituents who had been unable to visit sick relatives during lockdown that "they were all wrong and one senior adviser to the government was right".


bbc--2020-05-26--Trans Mountain pipeline: Protest ban is 'great time' to build, says minister

A top Canadian official has said this is a `` great time '' to build a pipeline because coronavirus-related restrictions ban large public protests .
Alberta 's Energy Minister Sonya Savage said people needed jobs and `` ideological protests '' would not be `` tolerated '' by ordinary Canadians .
She was referring to the Trans Mountain oil pipeline , opposed by indigenous groups and environmentalists .
It runs from Edmonton in Alberta to Burnaby , British Columbia .
Construction started in December and the project , an expansion of a 67-year-old pipeline , is expected to triple the current @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 890,000 per day .
The pipeline has become a hot-button political issue for Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau , who has said the project is in the national economic interest .
It has faced numerous legal and regulatory hurdles .
`` Now is a great time to be building a pipeline because you ca n't have protests of more than 15 people , '' Ms Savage said on a podcast of the Canadian Association of Oilwell Drilling Contractors , when asked about the project .
`` Let 's get it built . ''
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ tolerance and patience for protests that get in the way of people working , '' she said .
`` People need jobs , and those types of ideological protests that get in the way are not going to be tolerated by ordinary Canadians . ''
Both Alberta and British Columbia have a ban on outdoor gatherings of more than 50 people imposed to curb the spread of the coronavirus .
Ms Savage belongs to the United Conservative Party ( UCP ) of Alberta Premier Jason Kenney .
Kavi Bal , a spokesman for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to Canadian media : `` We respect the right to lawful protests . ''
Irfan Sabir , from the opposition New Democratic Party , was quoted by CBC broadcaster as saying : `` The UCP have already used the pandemic as an excuse to suspend environmental monitoring .
When combined with the minister 's latest comments , this will harm the reputation of Alberta 's energy industry and inhibit our ability to attract investment and get our product to market . ''
The Trans Mountain project faces fierce opposition from the government of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ First Nations along the route .
They are concerned about oil spills , climate change , and the threat to the killer whale population off the coast .
Supporters see it as a necessary boost for Canada 's struggling energy sector which will help fuel the economy for years to come .
A lack of pipeline capacity in the landlocked province of Alberta has forced the provincial government to curtail production to reduce a glut in storage .
Mr Trudeau 's federal Liberals took the rare step in 2018 of buying the pipeline @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ; £2.6bn ) from energy infrastructure giant Kinder Morgan in a bid to ensure the project 's survival .

"People are not going to have tolerance and patience for protests that get in the way of people working," she said. "People need jobs, and those types of ideological protests that get in the way are not going to be tolerated by ordinary Canadians."


bbc--2020-05-26--Coronavirus: A day of lockdown for young people in the UK

It ’ s week ten of lockdown in the UK , after restrictions were introduced on 23 March to slow @ @ @ @ @ .
Some of these measures have started to be lifted but others remain in place @ @ @ @ @ been felt by everyone , young people are one of the demographics hit hardest - @ @ @ @ @ living spaces .
So how are they coping ?
We asked young people across the @ @ @ @ @ in their life .

It’s week ten of lockdown in the UK, after restrictions were introduced on 23 March to slow the spread of the coronavirus.
Some of these measures have started to be lifted but others remain in place.
Though the impact has been felt by everyone, young people are one of the demographics hit hardest - with traditionally smaller incomes and living spaces.
So how are they coping? We asked young people across the UK to document a day in their life.
Produced and edited by Samantha Everett
Watch more personal stories during the coronavirus outbreak: Your Coronavirus Stories


bbc--2020-05-26--Clickbait and podcasts: France frowns on English words

France has announced a new list of alternatives for English language terms such as clickbait , podcast and deepfake .
The Commission for the Enrichment of the French Language ( CELF ) published the new list in an official government newsletter .
It has released a number of recommendations over the years in a bid to stop English terms taking hold .
Among the phrases discouraged in a 2018 release was the phrase `` fake news '' .
In that instance , CELF recommended that the French instead say `` information fallacieuse '' , or `` infox '' , for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Trump .
Public bodies must abide by the new recommendations .
For clickbait - the term used for headlines that tempt a reader to click on an online link to a story - CELF suggests `` piège à clics '' , or `` click trap '' in English .
The commission also recommends the use of `` audio à la demande '' ( AAD ) or `` audio on demand '' in English for podcast , and `` videotox infox '' for `` deepfake '' - edited media which puts a person 's @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The agency works in conjunction with the 400-year-old Académie Française to come up with alternatives to English words .
Aside from rulings on the use of words like `` email '' - officially `` courriel '' in French - the academy has also changed rules on the gender of words .
English language terms are particularly common online and other languages often fight back or adapt to include them .
German speakers , for instance , have invented a number of English phrases , including `` das Handy '' for mobile phone @ @ @ @ @ @ @ home , and `` oldtimer '' for a classic car .

The agency works in conjunction with the 400-year-old Académie Française to come up with alternatives to English words. Aside from rulings on the use of words like "email" - officially "courriel" in French - the academy has also changed rules on the gender of words.


bbc--2020-05-26--Republican National Convention: Trump threatens to move event from North Carolina

US President Donald Trump has threatened to relocate the Republican National Convention if restrictions are placed on the crowd size due to the coronavirus pandemic .
The event is due to take place in North Carolina from 24-27 August .
On Monday , however , Mr Trump said he would move the site of the convention if `` full attendance '' is not guaranteed .
Almost 100,000 people have died with coronavirus in the US .
Many states have enacted measures to stop its spread .
• All you need to know about US election In a series of tweets @ @ @ @ @ @ @ said that North Carolina 's Democrat Governor Roy Cooper was `` still in shutdown mood '' and was `` unable to guarantee '' that the event would take place at full capacity in Charlotte as originally planned .
`` In other words , we would be spending millions of dollars building the arena to a very high standard without even knowing if the Democrat governor would allow the Republican party to fully occupy the space , '' said Mr Trump .
Republicans planning to attend the convention `` must be immediately given an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ or not the space will be allowed to be fully occupied '' , the president said , otherwise another site would be selected .
A spokesman for Governor Cooper said North Carolina was `` relying on data and science to protect our state 's public health and safety '' .
`` What you hear the president saying today is just a very reasonable request of the governor of North Carolina , '' Vice-President Mike Pence told Fox & Friends in response to Mr Trump 's tweets .
`` We all want to be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , '' he continued .
`` But having a sense now is absolutely essential because of the immense preparations that are involved , and we look forward to working with Governor Cooper , getting a swift response and if need be moving the national convention to a state that is further along on reopening and can say with confidence that we can gather there . ''
What are the conventions ?
Presidential hopefuls do not become official candidates until each party 's nominees for president and vice-president are announced at their national convention @ @ @ @ @ @ @ key part of the election process ahead of voting on 3 November .
Mr Trump is seeking a second term in office and there are no other Republicans standing .
The Democrats moved their convention back a month to mid-August because of the coronavirus outbreak .
Former Vice-President Joe Biden is the Democratic presumptive nominee after Senator Bernie Sanders became the last candidate to leave the race in April .

"We all want to be in Charlotte, we love North Carolina," he continued. "But having a sense now is absolutely essential because of the immense preparations that are involved, and we look forward to working with Governor Cooper, getting a swift response and if need be moving the national convention to a state that is further along on reopening and can say with confidence that we can gather there."


bbc--2020-05-26--Hong Kong security law: Carrie Lam dismisses concerns over rights

Hong Kong 's leader Carrie Lam has said other countries `` have no place '' interfering in the territory , as she robustly defended a controversial national security law planned by China .
The law would ban treason , secession , sedition and subversion .
Critics say it would limit the city 's freedoms .
But in her weekly press conference , Ms Lam said it was a `` responsible '' move to protect the law-abiding majority .
She denied that the law would curtail the rights of Hong Kongers .
These rights - set out in the Basic Law @ @ @ @ @ @ @ have been in place since it was handed back to China in 1997 by the UK .
The Basic Law guarantees certain freedoms to the territory , such as the right to protest , which do not exist on the mainland .
At the weekend , there was a brief return to the protests seen last year , with police firing tear gas as thousands of people took to the streets .
• China 's new law : Why is Hong Kong worried ?
• The background you need on Hong Kong 's @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ?
It is not actually a law yet but a proposal - being called a `` draft decision '' - that will be put to a vote at China 's rubber-stamp parliament , the National People 's Congress ( NPC ) , this week .
Once that vote is passed , the proposal will be fleshed out into a draft law and could be in force by the end of June .
Ever since it was announced , it has faced fierce criticism internationally , but Ms Lam said other countries had `` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' .
No country would tolerate flawed national security legislation , she said , and Hong Kong , as part of China , was no different .
Opponents say the proposed law is a direct attempt to curtail the city 's unique freedoms .
How did she address concerns ?
Ms Lam repeatedly said there has been no detail yet , but that the text of China 's `` draft decision '' should reassure the public .
She also spoke of the `` positive response '' from the public in the past few @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the face of what those overseas politicians are saying '' .
The bill would target `` a handful of people '' involved in terrorism or subversion , she said , and anyone worried about it should wait for the full details to be released .
Hong Kong 's freedoms , vibrancy and core values `` will continue to be there '' , she said , but added : `` Rights and freedoms are not absolute . ''
The law would enhance Hong Kong 's status as a global financial centre , rather than @ @ @ @ @ @ @ those fears `` totally groundless '' .
There is also concern that the law could allow China to install its own law enforcement agencies in Hong Kong , alongside the city 's own .
Ms Lam said fears that this could lead to people being arrested retroactively for taking part in protests were `` imagination '' .
Carrie Lam tried to assure the public that the law will only target `` small groups of illegal criminals '' - but could offer little when pressed for details .
That 's also her primary line @ @ @ @ @ @ @ spirit of the resolution put forward by Beijing was no cause for concern and the city should wait for details of the actual law .
But the leader will have a hard time convincing critics .
The respected Hong Kong Bar Association has already warned that there is no assurance the new law will comply with the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights .
Sunday 's protests , defying a ban on public gatherings of more than eight people , was the largest in months .
Despite Ms Lam @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a `` positive response '' , there are already calls for more protests and nobody knows how big they could get .
What is the background ?
Hong Kong saw months of increasingly violent protests last year , sparked by a bill which would have allowed criminal suspects to be extradited to mainland China .
The bill was eventually dropped but by that stage the protests had escalated to include calls for more democratic freedoms for Hong Kong .
Although those protests died away , in part after pro-independence groups made significant gains @ @ @ @ @ @ @ high in the territory .
Under the Basic Law Hong Kong is responsible for its own internal affairs and security .
It was always meant to have passed its own national security law but never could because such laws were so unpopular .
So critics see this as Beijing 's attempt to impose its own version on Hong Kong after a tumultuous year .

These rights - set out in the Basic Law which is Hong Kong's mini-constitution - have been in place since it was handed back to China in 1997 by the UK. The Basic Law guarantees certain freedoms to the territory, such as the right to protest, which do not exist on the mainland.


bbc--2020-05-26--Zara Abid: Model presumed dead in Pakistan plane crash abused online

A top model , presumed dead in a plane crash in Pakistan last week , has been attacked by online trolls , accusing her of having led an immoral life .
Zara Abid 's social media accounts were deactivated after comments poured in criticising her clothes and lifestyle .
The 28-year-old was on board a PIA flight when it crashed in a residential part of Karachi on Friday , according to the manifest and her friends .
Victims have not been named but authorities said only two men survived .
Initial reports she had survived led her brother to issue @ @ @ @ @ @ @ fake news , media reports said .
Her Instagram , Twitter and Facebook accounts are no longer visible , though it is unclear if they were taken down by the social media sites or her family and friends .
In conservative Pakistani society , women are expected to be modest and many of those in the public eye are subjected to moral policing on social media .
• 'All I could see was fire ' - Pakistan plane survivor Zara Abid worked with some of the biggest brands in Pakistani fashion and in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Model '' at the Hum Style Awards .
Leading designers paid tribute to her professionalism and style .
She was set to make her debut as an actress later this year .
As news spread that she was thought to have been on the ill-fated flight on Friday , hundreds of comments were posted on her social media accounts by religious radicals questioning her faith and adherence to Islamic practises .
Many of the comments suggested that she would be punished in the afterlife for her choices .
Pictures of her wearing clothes @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were being posted online as examples of her `` sinful '' behaviour .
One Twitter user said , `` Allah Pak does n't like those women who are showing their body parts to everyone and jannat [ heaven ] is only for pure men and pure women '' .
Prominent women can face abuse and even rape or death threats online in Pakistan in the name of morality or religious piety .
There were of course also many tributes to her from fellow models , designers and actors who called it a `` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Some said she had redefined conventional beauty standards with her tanned complexion .
In Pakistan , like in much of South Asia , fair skin is considered beautiful and idolised .


bbc--2020-05-26--Trafficked Nigerian women rescued from Lebanon

Fifty trafficked Nigerian women have been rescued from Lebanon and returned home , Nigeria 's foreign minister says .
They have all been placed in quarantine following their arrival on Sunday as a precaution against coronavirus .
The country 's anti-trafficking agency will interview them about their experiences after their isolation ends .
Last month , a Nigerian woman working as a maid in Lebanon was rescued after being put up for sale on Facebook for $ 1,000 ( £807 ) .
• Slave markets found on Instagram and other apps The UN says thousands of women and girls from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ every year .
They are often lured away with promises of jobs in Europe or Asia , but usually end up being exploited as domestic maids or forced into prostitution .
Last year , an undercover BBC News Arabic investigation in Kuwait found that domestic workers were being illegally bought and sold online in a booming black market .
You may also be interested in : Nigeria 's Foreign Affairs Minister , Geoffrey Onyeama , tweeted his thanks to the Lebanese authorities for their financial and logistical support in making Sunday 's evacuation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ stranded in Lebanon because of Covid-19 lockdowns , were also repatriated .
Julie Okah-Donli , the head of Nigeria 's National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons ( Naptip ) , said the hotel where the women were being quarantined was under guard to ensure their protection .
They would be offered ways to rebuild their lives after investigations into their cases , she said .
According to Naptip , at least 20,000 Nigerian girls were trafficked to Mali and forced into prostitution last year .
Ms Okah-Donli said the agency @ @ @ @ @ @ @ repatriate citizens who had been trafficked .

Julie Okah-Donli, the head of Nigeria's National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (Naptip), said the hotel where the women were being quarantined was under guard to ensure their protection.


bbc--2020-05-26--UK sports events 'shut down too late to save lives'

Two major sporting events held in March `` caused increased suffering and death '' , the scientist leading the UK 's largest Covid-19 tracking project has said .
Data gathered from millions of volunteers found coronavirus `` hotspots '' shortly after the Cheltenham Festival and Liverpool 's Champions League match against Atletico Madrid .
The government said many factors could influence cases in a particular area .
Less than three months ago sport across the UK was continuing as normal , despite the impending threat of coronavirus - which had already prompted some European countries to stage such events without @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Sports governing bodies in the UK were taking their cue from Prime Minister Boris Johnson who declared in early March that people should `` as far as possible , go about business as usual '' .
On the first weekend in March , there was a full programme of football in both England and Scotland , five horse racing meetings , and Six Nations rugby at Twickenham between England and Wales - which the prime minister himself attended .
It was a different matter elsewhere .
A forthcoming Six Nations match in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with the Chinese Grand Prix and football matches in virus-stricken northern Italy .
The UK government 's stance remained consistent .
Just 24 hours before Cheltenham opened its gates to 250,000 spectators on 10 March , Culture Secretary Oliver Dowden rebuffed growing calls for a ban on mass outdoor gatherings .
He told the BBC : `` There 's no reason for people not to attend such events or to cancel them at this stage . ''
But Prof Spector from King 's College London said `` people will have probably died prematurely @ @ @ @ @ @ @ did these events contribute to a surge in coronavirus cases ?
It 's impossible to say for certain , but figures seen by the BBC Radio 4 's File on 4 programme show in the last week of March , Liverpool and Cheltenham were among the areas with the highest number of suspected cases .
The figures come from the Covid-19 Symptom Study , and show an estimated 5-6 % of the population , aged 20 to 69 , having symptoms in those two regions .
Not to be confused with the government @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on information uploaded by more than three million volunteers around the UK , who submit daily reports identifying whether they have any of the 15 symptoms associated with Covid-19 .
Five things the coronavirus tracking app tells us Irish journalist Melanie Finn recalls the stark difference in approach on either side of the Irish Sea , as she flew in to the Cheltenham Festival from Dublin .
`` We had already cancelled the St Patrick 's Day celebrations , and that in itself was huge for us , '' she said .
`` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ believe that was happening .
That was an indicator of how serious the Irish government was .
When we flew out of Dublin Airport it was literally like a ghost town . ''
Melanie said that racegoers at Cheltenham , on the other hand , believed the UK government would have cancelled the event if they had thought it was unsafe .
She said people ignored basic safety rules : `` It was like the last days of the Roman Empire , and I think there was a little bit of a sense @ @ @ @ @ @ @ God they were going to party . ''
She was so concerned by what she saw that she asked her employer to fly her home midway through the festival .
A week later she developed the symptoms of Covid-19 and had to take two weeks off work .
The Jockey Club had previously defended the decision to go ahead with the festival , telling the Guardian on 2 April that it had followed `` clear and ongoing guidance '' from the government and science experts .
It added : `` We promoted the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ range of additional hygiene measures at the event , including hundreds of hand sanitiser dispensers and extra wash basins . ''
On 11 March - the second day of the festival - the World Health Organization declared coronavirus a pandemic .
'Jumping all over each other' Later that evening , Liverpool hosted Atletico Madrid in a Champions League football match at Anfield .
Around 3,000 visiting fans were allowed to travel to Merseyside and mingle in bars and restaurants , despite the fact Madrid was the epicentre of the outbreak in Spain , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ half of the country 's confirmed cases .
Liverpool supporter Joel Rookwood , who has been ill for eight weeks , believes he contracted Covid-19 that evening , and recalled how when goals were scored , spectators were oblivious to the risk of transmitting the virus .
`` The celebrations were some of the most physical that I 've experienced , '' he said .
`` People were jumping all over each other . ''
The Spirit Of Shankly , a Liverpool supporters group , said it raised concerns about the arrival of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ meeting two days before the match but were told it would go ahead in accordance with government advice .
But Liverpool FC would not have been able to unilaterally call off the match - to decide which of the two clubs progressed to the Champions League quarter-finals .
That decision would have had to come from one of football 's governing bodies , such as the competition 's organiser Uefa .
Prof Spector said : `` I think sporting events should have been shut down at least a week earlier because they 'll @ @ @ @ @ @ @ would n't otherwise have occurred . ''
In a statement , the government said : `` There are many factors that could influence the number of cases in a particular area , including population density , age , general health , and the position of an area on the pandemic curve . ''
To hear more on this story listen to File on 4 - Game Changer : How the UK played on during coronavirus on Tuesday 26 May at 20:00 BST on BBC Radio 4 .
Did you attend the Cheltenham Festival @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ?
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But Liverpool FC would not have been able to unilaterally call off the match - to decide which of the two clubs progressed to the Champions League quarter-finals. That decision would have had to come from one of football's governing bodies, such as the competition's organiser Uefa.


bbc--2020-05-26--Stanley Ho: Hong Kong's 'king of gambling' dies aged 98

Stanley Ho , the Hong Kong tycoon credited with turning Macau into the world 's gambling capital , has died at the age of 98 .
Ho , one of Asia 's richest men , was known as the `` king of gambling '' .
He was the head of one of the world 's most lucrative gaming businesses , SJM Holdings , valued at about $ 6bn ( £4.9bn ) .
But the flamboyant billionaire , who loved to dance , famously always advised friends and family to shun gambling .
`` My father has passed away peacefully just @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Sanatorium and Hospital , '' Ho 's daughter Pansy told reporters .
`` As Stanley Ho 's family member , we are really sad to inform you of this . ''
Ho dominated the casino business in the former Portuguese colony of Macau after winning a government monopoly licence in the 1960s .
As his fortune grew , he expanded beyond Macau , building residential and office buildings in Hong Kong as well as operating casinos in other countries , including Portugal and North Korea .
His personal fortune was estimated at $ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ months before his 97th birthday .
SJM Holdings flourished as the opening up of China 's economy created a flood of new wealth in a country with a love of gambling .
SJM now controls 20 casinos on Macau .
Ho had four wives and 17 known children .
He was forced to restructure his business after a legal battle erupted within the family in 2012 over his fortune .
It 's impossible to overestimate the influence Stanley Ho had in Macau and Hong Kong .
He had a say in choosing the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 's state media has mourned him today as `` a patriotic entrepreneur '' .
Ho 's fortunes were tightly linked the growth of Macau from a small fishing town to a wealth gambling centre .
As he developed his gambling business there , he even built the enclave 's connection with the outside world .
His high speed ferries or helicopters were the quickest way to travel between Macau and Hong Kong in the early days , until the arrival of the Las Vegas giants , and later the opening of the mega @ @ @ @ @ @ @ many biographies , some of them filled with sensational stories of how he built his Macau casino empire by outbidding some old tycoons .
Others recount how he became a property developer famous - though not as big - as Li Ka-shing , how he dated and married four wives , and how his family grew to hold such influence across the Pearl River Delta .
His life was not without controversies , but to many ordinary people , it was more about the inspiration of dreaming big , and getting rich .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ now died , but many in the business world will still seek his wisdom from the poker table as they chase their own success .

Ho leaves behind many biographies, some of them filled with sensational stories of how he built his Macau casino empire by outbidding some old tycoons. Others recount how he became a property developer famous - though not as big - as Li Ka-shing, how he dated and married four wives, and how his family grew to hold such influence across the Pearl River Delta.


bbc--2020-05-26--Boy, 12, followed down mountain by brown bear

Dramatic footage shows a boy walking calmly down a mountain , followed by a brown bear .
Alessandro , 12 @ @ @ @ @ family in Trentino in northern Italy when they noticed the bear , which rose on @ @ @ @ @ several points .

Dramatic footage shows a boy walking calmly down a mountain, followed by a brown bear.
Alessandro, 12, was hiking with his family in Trentino in northern Italy when they noticed the bear, which rose onto its hind legs at several points.


bbc--2020-05-26--Coronavirus: French alarm at Covid-linked Med pollution

Video shot by a French environmental NGO in the Mediterranean Sea shows masks and gloves littering the seabed .
Opération mer propre ( Operation clean sea ) is trying to clean up the coast near the Côte d'Azur resort of Antibes .
It is appalled by this new coronavirus pollution , which adds to the already chronic problem of plastic pollution .
The group says it is sounding the alarm , as Europe slowly emerges from lockdown and people start revisiting beaches in the hot weather .
The group 's founder , Laurent Lombard , who shot the underwater footage @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` these masks - we have n't had them for long , and we 're going to have billions , so I say watch out , it 's the beginnings of a new type of pollution '' .
Diving off Golfe-Juan , near Antibes , he found five disposable face masks and four latex gloves on the seabed , along with the usual plastic rubbish such as empty bottles .
Already on 14 May - just three days after the French lockdown was eased - street cleaners in Paris complained on social media @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the capital 's pavements .
An MP in the southern Alpes-Maritimes district , Eric Pauget , has put forward a draft law to increase the fine for littering a public place with masks .
It would fine an offender €300 ( £265 ; $ 330 ) instead of the current €68 , news website LCI reports .
• THE R NUMBER : What it means and why it matters • RECOVERY : How long does it take to get better ?
• A SIMPLE GUIDE : What are the symptoms ?

The group's founder, Laurent Lombard, who shot the underwater footage and posted it on Facebook, says "these masks - we haven't had them for long, and we're going to have billions, so I say watch out, it's the beginnings of a new type of pollution".


bbc--2020-05-26--Coronavirus pandemic: Tracking the global outbreak

Coronavirus is continuing its spread across the world , with more than 5.4 million confirmed cases in 188 countries .
More than 340,000 people have lost their lives .
This series of maps and charts tracks the global outbreak of the virus since it emerged in China in December last year .
How many cases and deaths have there been ?
The virus , which causes the respiratory infection Covid-19 , was first detected in the city of Wuhan , China , in late 2019 .
It then spread quickly across the globe in the first months of 2020 .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ this page use a different source for figures for France from that used by Johns Hopkins University , which results in a slightly lower overall total .
The US has by far the largest number of cases , more than four times as many as any other country , according to figures collated by Johns Hopkins University .
With nearly 100,000 fatalities , it also has the world 's highest death toll .
The UK , Italy , France and Spain are the worst-hit European countries .
In China , the official death @ @ @ @ @ @ @ confirmed cases , although critics have questioned whether the country 's official numbers can be trusted .
The outbreak was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) on 11 March .
This is when an infectious disease is passing easily from person to person in many parts of the world at the same time .
The WHO has warned that the pandemic is a long way from being over and said it is particularly concerned about rising cases in low and middle income countries .
The true number @ @ @ @ @ @ @ higher than the reported figures , as many of those with milder symptoms have not been tested and counted .
Globally , more than 4.5 billion people - half the world 's population - have been living under social distancing measures , according to the AFP news agency 's estimates .
Those restrictions have had a big impact on the global economy , with the International Monetary Fund warning the world faces the worst recession since the Great Depression of the 1930s .
The United Nations World Food Programme has also warned that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of people suffering acute hunger .
• RISK AT WORK : How exposed is your job ?
• THE R NUMBER : What it means and why it matters • COMPARING COUNTRIES : The pitfalls of doing so • R0 , FURLOUGH : The language of the outbreak • RECOVERY : How long does it take to get better ?
Where are coronavirus cases still rising ?
While some countries are starting to see confirmed cases and deaths fall following the introduction of strict lockdown restrictions , others are only now seeing them @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in Latin America has led the WHO to say the Americas are currently at the centre of the pandemic .
These charts show four countries where deaths are on an upward trajectory - as shown by the red lines .
There is particular concern about the situation in Brazil where more than 22,000 people have died .
The country 's president , Jair Bolsonaro , has repeatedly downplayed the risks of the virus and is pushing for restrictions on businesses to be eased .
Brazil now has more than 360,000 infections , the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and it is thought that the real number could be much higher , due to a lack of testing .
Bruno Covas , mayor of Brazil 's largest city , São Paulo , which is home to 12 million people , has warned its health system could collapse because of the growing demand for emergency beds .
On Sunday the US announced travel restrictions on people who have visited Brazil in the last 14 Days , though it does n't apply to US citizens .
Mexico has also seen a spike in new @ @ @ @ @ @ @ system collapse in April .
Outside South America , Russia has seen infections rise rapidly and has the third highest number worldwide , according to official data .
In Africa , South Africa , Egypt , Algeria and Nigeria have been worst-hit .
• Is Latin America the next epicentre ?
European countries are now slowly beginning to ease restrictions brought in to slow the spread of the virus .
The UK , Italy , Spain and France , along with others , now appear to have passed the peak , with the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ falling .
On Saturday Spain announced that tourist resorts would be open from July , and that top flight football could resume behind closed doors on 8 June .
The UK and Italy have seen more than 30,000 deaths , while France and Spain have both recorded more than 25,000 .
However , differences in population size and how countries report their figures , with some including deaths in care homes , or deaths of those suspected but not confirmed of having the virus , means international comparisons are complicated .
European countries @ @ @ @ @ @ @ lockdowns , but the WHO has urged all nations to adopt a `` slow , steady '' approach .
• What are the new lockdown rules in the UK ?
New York the worst-hit in US outbreak With more than 1.6 million cases , the US has the highest number of confirmed infections in the world .
It has also recorded nearly 100,000 deaths .
The state of New York has been particularly badly affected , with nearly 30,000 deaths , but the number of new cases there has been on a downward @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , New York state 's daily death toll has dropped below 100 for the first time since late March .
At one point , more than 90 % of the US population was under mandatory lockdown orders , but all 50 states have now begun to loosen their stay-at-home restrictions and allowed some businesses to reopen - a move health officials fear could further spread the virus .
Top US infectious diseases doctor Anthony Fauci has cautioned against opening up public life too soon , warning of further `` little spikes '' which @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , who disagrees with Dr Fauci 's advice , has made it clear he is keen to reopen the US economy `` vaccine or no vaccine '' .
The latest figures show 39 million people have lost their jobs since the outbreak hit the US .
That 's nearly a quarter of the American workforce .
The rise means the jobless rate is now worse than at any time since the Great Depression of the 1930s .
• Are US states reopening too soon ?
The data used on this page comes from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ figures collated by Johns Hopkins University , data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control , national governments and health agencies , as well as UN data on populations .
When comparing figures from different countries it is important to bear in mind that not all governments are recording coronavirus cases and deaths in the same way .
This makes like for like comparisons between countries difficult .
Other factors to consider include : different population sizes , the size of the a country 's elderly population or whether a particular @ @ @ @ @ @ @ people living in densely populated areas .
In addition , countries may be in different stages of the pandemic .

Please update your browser to see full interactive
Show more
This information is regularly updated but may not reflect the latest totals for each country.
** The past data for new cases is a three day rolling average. Due to revisions in the number of cases, an average cannot be calculated for this date.
Source: Johns Hopkins University and national public health agencies


bbc--2020-05-26--Space debris: Smart solutions sought to make orbital traffic safer

The UK Space Agency ( UKSA ) wants to hear from anyone with novel ideas for how to track all the pieces of debris now moving in orbit .
UKSA has £1m to dispense in grants for smart new solutions .
There are about 900,000 redundant objects larger than 1cm circling overhead .
Even the smallest items are capable of doing immense damage to , or even destroying , an operational satellite in a collision .
The funding is designed to seed further entrants to the UK 's burgeoning space start-up sector .
`` We 're looking to support new @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and machine learning to better exploit the data that 's already out there , '' explained Jacob Geer , the UKSA 's head of space surveillance and tracking ( SST ) .
`` But the second theme is around new ways to sense and track space objects - in low-Earth orbit ( LEO ) in particular , because it 's in LEO that a lot of the new missions will be going , '' he told BBC News .
Britain has a long history in SST .
RAF Fylingdales in North Yorkshire , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to track space objects for more than 50 years .
But as the amount of traffic overhead - especially commercial traffic - increases , ever more sophistication is needed to monitor and understand what 's going on .
Today , satellite operators will sometimes receive a warning that their hardware is at risk of a collision with another object .
But this notification can often be either so imprecise in its detail or arrive so close to the moment of possible intersection that it 's next to useless .
With thousands of new @ @ @ @ @ @ @ be launched in the coming decade , SST is a field that 's ripe for new thinking .
Under the UKSA funding stream to be announced on Tuesday , companies will be able to bid for a maximum grant award of £250,000 .
The international market for space surveillance and tracking has the potential to reach over £100m by 2035 , analysts believe .
The UKSA hopes that if British businesses are well represented in this sector , it will also give new satellite operators the confidence to choose this country as a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ exciting here is that if we can get this right ; if we can get some assurance about operating safely , it will enable companies to push the boundaries of innovation even further in the types of new missions they intend to launch .
If we 're able to give them that support , they 'll want to come to , and work from , the UK , '' said Dr Alice Bunn , the UKSA 's international director .
Britain made space safety a priority for itself at the recent European Space @ @ @ @ @ @ @ money to the policy area than any other member state .
This included a substantial contribution to the ADRIOS ( Active Debris Removal/In orbit servicing ) programme , which is backing the Swiss-led ClearSpace-1 mission to grab some old rocket hardware and pull it out of the sky .
Britain is also involved in another debris-capture demonstration called ELSA-d organised by the Japanese start-up Astroscale .
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET @ bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter : @ BBCAmos

"What's exciting here is that if we can get this right; if we can get some assurance about operating safely, it will enable companies to push the boundaries of innovation even further in the types of new missions they intend to launch. If we're able to give them that support, they'll want to come to, and work from, the UK," said Dr Alice Bunn, the UKSA's international director.


bbc--2020-05-26--I think Ryder Cup will be postponed - McIlroy

Rory McIlroy believes this year 's Ryder Cup will be postponed until 2021 .
The Northern Irishman is one of a number of players who previously called for the biennial event between Europe and the US not to be played this year if spectators are not able to attend .
Whistling Straits in Wisconsin is set to host the event from 25-27 September .
`` My personal hunch is that I do n't see how it is going to happen , so I do not think that it will happen , '' the world number one told BBC Sport NI @ @ @ @ @ @ @ players would like to see it pushed back until 2021 so that they can play in front of crowds and have the atmosphere that makes the Ryder Cup so special .
`` The players are the ones that make the Ryder Cup .
If they are not on board with it and do n't want to play then there is no Ryder Cup .
`` I see it being pushed back until 2021 and , honestly , I think that will be the right call . ''
Europe have won seven out of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the last event in France in 2018 .
No concerns about travelling to Europe McIlroy joined Americans Dustin Johnson , Rickie Fowler and Matthew Wolff in taking part in a charity skins game in Florida earlier this month , which was played with no spectators in attendance .
Competitive golf across the world has been suspended since 12 March because of the Covid-19 pandemic , but the PGA Tour is set to resume on 11 June , behind closed doors , at the Charles Schwab Colonial event in Texas .
McIlroy , who @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the first three PGA Tour tournaments upon golf 's return , revealed he would have no concerns about travelling to Europe later in the year .
`` It 's a tough one .
There are a lot of things up in the air , but if there are some big events in autumn time , then I can , '' McIlroy responded when asked if he would consider playing in Europe later this year .
`` Maybe if Wentworth gets moved to October , which they are thinking of , then I could @ @ @ @ @ @ @ event .
`` I was just as disappointed as everyone else that The Open got cancelled this year .
I think it would have been a good date in September if we were able to play it .
`` I would n't have concerns about travelling to Europe .
I think if you stick to the guidelines then I do n't see any reason why we should feel scared to travel . ''
The postponed 2020 Irish Open was due to take place this week at Mount Juliet Estate , with a possible @ @ @ @ @ @ @ McIlroy , who did not play in last year 's event at Lahinch , said he is unsure if he will take part in this year 's tournament if it goes ahead .
`` I do n't know , I really do n't know , '' he continued .
`` I have n't looked past the PGA Tour play-offs [ scheduled for September ] .
All I have pinpointed for the back end of the year at the minute are the majors , everything else is really up in the air .
`` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Open played but I imagine if it was then it would be behind closed doors , meaning the public would not get to see the big names compete up close and in person . ''
McIlroy made headlines across the world before the charity skins match when he criticised US President Donald Trump 's handling of the coronavirus crisis .
The 31-year-old says he is comfortable offering his opinion on issues if asked , but that it is not because of his position at the top of the world rankings .
`` It @ @ @ @ @ @ @ number one in the world , it is just me being more comfortable with who I am and what I believe in , '' he added .
`` Whether I was number one in the world or number 100 , if I 'm asked my opinion then for the most part I 'm happy to share it . ''

World number one McIlroy won't fear travelling to Europe
Rory McIlroy believes this year's Ryder Cup will be postponed until 2021.
The Northern Irishman is one of a number of players who previously called for the biennial event between Europe and the US not to be played this year if spectators are not able to attend.
Whistling Straits in Wisconsin is set to host the event from 25-27 September.
"My personal hunch is that I don't see how it is going to happen, so I do not think that it will happen," the world number one told BBC Sport NI.
"I think the majority of players would like to see it pushed back until 2021 so that they can play in front of crowds and have the atmosphere that makes the Ryder Cup so special.
"The players are the ones that make the Ryder Cup. If they are not on board with it and don't want to play then there is no Ryder Cup.
"I see it being pushed back until 2021 and, honestly, I think that will be the right call."
Europe have won seven out of the past nine Ryder Cups, including the last event in France in 2018.
Rory McIlroy helped Europe defeat the US at the 2018 Ryder Cup
No concerns about travelling to Europe
McIlroy joined Americans Dustin Johnson, Rickie Fowler and Matthew Wolff in taking part in a charity skins game in Florida earlier this month, which was played with no spectators in attendance.
Competitive golf across the world has been suspended since 12 March because of the Covid-19 pandemic, but the PGA Tour is set to resume on 11 June, behind closed doors, at the Charles Schwab Colonial event in Texas.
McIlroy, who is set to play in all of the first three PGA Tour tournaments upon golf's return, revealed he would have no concerns about travelling to Europe later in the year.
"It's a tough one. There are a lot of things up in the air, but if there are some big events in autumn time, then I can," McIlroy responded when asked if he would consider playing in Europe later this year.
"Maybe if Wentworth gets moved to October, which they are thinking of, then I could see myself going over and playing that event.
"I was just as disappointed as everyone else that The Open got cancelled this year. I think it would have been a good date in September if we were able to play it.
"I wouldn't have concerns about travelling to Europe. I think if you stick to the guidelines then I don't see any reason why we should feel scared to travel."
Unsure about playing in Irish Open
Four-time major winner McIlroy and Johnson defeated Fowler and Wolff in the skins match
The postponed 2020 Irish Open was due to take place this week at Mount Juliet Estate, with a possible rescheduled date in autumn being considered.
McIlroy, who did not play in last year's event at Lahinch, said he is unsure if he will take part in this year's tournament if it goes ahead.
"I don't know, I really don't know," he continued. "I haven't looked past the PGA Tour play-offs [scheduled for September]. All I have pinpointed for the back end of the year at the minute are the majors, everything else is really up in the air.
"I would like to see the Irish Open played but I imagine if it was then it would be behind closed doors, meaning the public would not get to see the big names compete up close and in person."
McIlroy made headlines across the world before the charity skins match when he criticised US President Donald Trump's handling of the coronavirus crisis.
The 31-year-old says he is comfortable offering his opinion on issues if asked, but that it is not because of his position at the top of the world rankings.
"It has nothing to do with me being number one in the world, it is just me being more comfortable with who I am and what I believe in," he added.
"Whether I was number one in the world or number 100, if I'm asked my opinion then for the most part I'm happy to share it."


bbc--2020-05-26--Jadon Sancho: Could the England forward be the heir to Lionel Messi's crown?

Jadon Sancho picks up the ball on the right side of the pitch and sets off on a driving , weaving run , gliding between two men before breezing past another .
He still has a lot to do when he reaches the edge of the box but he makes it look so easy with a low , precise side-foot finish .
The game is only a friendly before the 2019-20 season , and opponents Seattle Sounders are nowhere near Borussia Dortmund 's league , but it is still a goal that makes you sit up and take notice .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ very Lionel Messi .
Sancho has earned rave reviews since making the decision to leave Manchester in search of regular first-team football in Germany in August 2017 .
But it is the similarities in his game to the Argentine forward - the low centre of gravity , ability to carry the ball effectively and unerringly accurate finishing - that is getting Dortmund and England fans most excited .
Having left his teens on 25 March , Sancho now faces a decade that will define his career .
On the day of Borussia Dortmund @ @ @ @ @ @ @ champions Bayern Munich on Tuesday , BBC Sport looks at the stats and asks ; could Sancho be the long-term heir to Messi 's crown ?
From relative obscurity in Manchester City 's academy to Bundesliga stardom and a prominent place in the full England squad - Sancho 's rise since joining Dortmund has been meteoric .
The 27 Bundesliga goals the right-sided forward scored before his 20th birthday make him the highest-scoring teenager in the division 's history - three ahead of current German international striker Kai Havertz , who turned 20 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Though he took his goalscoring to a whole new level in the years that followed , before reaching 20 years of age on 24 June 2007 , Messi had 21 La Liga goals to his name .
To use another relevant point of comparison , Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo - the only man who can hold a torch to Messi 's goalscoring numbers this century - had scored 11 times in the league before he left his teens on 5 February 2005 .
When you combine Sancho 's tally of goals and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is he ahead of the competition in Germany , he is miles in front of any other young attacking player in Europe .
As you can see above , there is a huge gulf between Sancho 's goal involvements since 2018-19 and the next best teenager in any of Europe 's top five leagues .
Such impressive stats stack up well against players of any age across the continent 's top five leagues since August 2018 , leaving him fourth behind the impressive trio of Robert Lewandowski , Kylian Mbappe and that man @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the front of the pack chasing Messi 's long and impressively woven coat-tails is his ruthlessness in front of goal .
As a wide forward , he may not get the same amount of chances as a more central striker but , when the opportunities do come , he is as good as any at putting them in the back of the net .
His conversion rate of 30.2 % is second only to Dortmund club-mate Paco Alcacer across Europe 's top five leagues since the start of the 2018-19 season .
So @ @ @ @ @ @ @ exceeds the tally he is expected to score according to Opta 's expected goals metric , which measures a chance on the likelihood of it being scored using hundreds of thousands of historical examples .
He is second only to Messi in this regard , with the pair the only two in Europe 's top five leagues to exceed their expected goals tally by double figures since the start of 2018-19 .
Another similarity between Sancho and Messi is their supreme ability to carry the ball and produce something at the end of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on Saturday with a run and pass to set up Achraf Hakimi 's game-settling goal in a 2-0 win at Wolfsburg .
Sancho has contributed to 21 league goals for his side ( either in the form of a finish or assist ) following an attacking carrying run since 2018-19 .
For clarity , Opta define attacking carries differently to dribbles , with the latter meaning a run that involves going past a defender .
An attacking carry involves progressing the ball at least five metres , but not necessarily after taking on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the start of 2018-19 puts him joint top in Europe 's top five leagues on 21 , with Messi and another young player touted as the Argentine 's heir - Paris St-Germain and France forward Kylian Mbappe .
Long way still to go ... With Messi ( and his great rival Ronaldo ) now into their 30s , inevitably people are looking to the next generation of attacking superstars .
Sancho has the skill-set and has demonstrated the promise to go on and possibly emulate the pair but he still has an awfully @ @ @ @ @ @ @ even begin to consider him in their league .
Messi currently has 438 league goals to his name as part of an overall club tally of 627 for Barcelona , just the 596 ahead of his young challenger .
Sancho has only just begun to scale the mountain .
The real work starts now .

Sancho has been nursing an injury since German football returned, but is expected to be fit for Tuesday's game against Bayern Munich
Jadon Sancho picks up the ball on the right side of the pitch and sets off on a driving, weaving run, gliding between two men before breezing past another. He still has a lot to do when he reaches the edge of the box but he makes it look so easy with a low, precise side-foot finish.
The game is only a friendly before the 2019-20 season, and opponents Seattle Sounders are nowhere near Borussia Dortmund's league, but it is still a goal that makes you sit up and take notice. Brilliant, bold and, well, very Lionel Messi.
Sancho has earned rave reviews since making the decision to leave Manchester in search of regular first-team football in Germany in August 2017.
But it is the similarities in his game to the Argentine forward - the low centre of gravity, ability to carry the ball effectively and unerringly accurate finishing - that is getting Dortmund and England fans most excited.
Having left his teens on 25 March, Sancho now faces a decade that will define his career.
On the day of Borussia Dortmund's huge top-of-the-table Bundesliga clash with reigning champions Bayern Munich on Tuesday, BBC Sport looks at the stats and asks; could Sancho be the long-term heir to Messi's crown?
Teen titan
From relative obscurity in Manchester City's academy to Bundesliga stardom and a prominent place in the full England squad - Sancho's rise since joining Dortmund has been meteoric.
Sancho in the Bundesliga Season Appearances Goals Assists 2017-18 12 1 4 2018-19 34 12 17 2019-20 25 14 17
The 27 Bundesliga goals the right-sided forward scored before his 20th birthday make him the highest-scoring teenager in the division's history - three ahead of current German international striker Kai Havertz, who turned 20 himself a little under a year ago.
Though he took his goalscoring to a whole new level in the years that followed, before reaching 20 years of age on 24 June 2007, Messi had 21 La Liga goals to his name.
To use another relevant point of comparison, Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo - the only man who can hold a torch to Messi's goalscoring numbers this century - had scored 11 times in the league before he left his teens on 5 February 2005.
When you combine Sancho's tally of goals and assists as a teenager, not only is he ahead of the competition in Germany, he is miles in front of any other young attacking player in Europe.
Data reflects players who were still teenagers at the start of this season, who have played 500+ minutes
As you can see above, there is a huge gulf between Sancho's goal involvements since 2018-19 and the next best teenager in any of Europe's top five leagues.
Such impressive stats stack up well against players of any age across the continent's top five leagues since August 2018, leaving him fourth behind the impressive trio of Robert Lewandowski, Kylian Mbappe and that man Messi.
Data reflects all players who have played 500+ mins in Europe's top five leagues
He shoots, he scores
What truly puts Sancho at the front of the pack chasing Messi's long and impressively woven coat-tails is his ruthlessness in front of goal.
As a wide forward, he may not get the same amount of chances as a more central striker but, when the opportunities do come, he is as good as any at putting them in the back of the net.
His conversion rate of 30.2% is second only to Dortmund club-mate Paco Alcacer across Europe's top five leagues since the start of the 2018-19 season.
So clinical is his finishing, Sancho far exceeds the tally he is expected to score according to Opta's expected goals metric, which measures a chance on the likelihood of it being scored using hundreds of thousands of historical examples.
He is second only to Messi in this regard, with the pair the only two in Europe's top five leagues to exceed their expected goals tally by double figures since the start of 2018-19.
Carrying the burden
Another similarity between Sancho and Messi is their supreme ability to carry the ball and produce something at the end of it, a talent the Englishman demonstrated on Saturday with a run and pass to set up Achraf Hakimi's game-settling goal in a 2-0 win at Wolfsburg.
Sancho has contributed to 21 league goals for his side (either in the form of a finish or assist) following an attacking carrying run since 2018-19.
For clarity, Opta define attacking carries differently to dribbles, with the latter meaning a run that involves going past a defender. An attacking carry involves progressing the ball at least five metres, but not necessarily after taking on a defending player.
His tally since the start of 2018-19 puts him joint top in Europe's top five leagues on 21, with Messi and another young player touted as the Argentine's heir - Paris St-Germain and France forward Kylian Mbappe.
Long way still to go...
With Messi (and his great rival Ronaldo) now into their 30s, inevitably people are looking to the next generation of attacking superstars.
Sancho has the skill-set and has demonstrated the promise to go on and possibly emulate the pair but he still has an awfully long way to go before we can even begin to consider him in their league.
Messi currently has 438 league goals to his name as part of an overall club tally of 627 for Barcelona, just the 596 ahead of his young challenger.
Sancho has only just begun to scale the mountain. The real work starts now.


bbc--2020-05-26--Players face '25% increased injury risk' when Premier League returns

Premier League players could be 25 % more susceptible to injury when football resumes because of the intense schedule , research shows .
Premier League chief executive Richard Masters is `` as confident as we can be '' of restarting in June .
Time will need to be found for the FA Cup before the 2020-21 season starts in `` late August , early September '' .
Based on Project Restart 's provisional return date of 20 June , Manchester City players could face 13 games in 49 days .
City have played one fewer match than the majority of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ not take into account the completion of the Champions League , which has the potential of adding another four games should they reach the final - if the tournament can be concluded .
Research conducted by artificial intelligence platform Zone7 , which specialises in injury risk forecasting and works with 35 professional football teams worldwide , shows that playing eight matches in a 30-day period increases the incidence of injury by 25 % when compared with playing four to five matches in the same timeframe .
Eight matches in 30 days may seem @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of players across a season are subjected to such a run of games .
It is not just the congestion of the fixture list that poses a concern , but the time provided for teams to transition from individual , socially distanced training to higher-intensity group training , something Watford manager Nigel Pearson and Newcastle boss Steve Bruce are concerned about .
The Bundesliga was only officially given the go-ahead to recommence on 7 May , just nine days before the first fixture kicked off .
Eight players picked up injuries in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ rate well above normal .
A standard pre-season schedule runs for a period of 30 days , or even longer .
But when examining data from 11 top-division professional teams from the past two seasons , Zone7 found that when the preparation period shortens , due to an international tournament or entry into European competition , 75 % of teams had higher prevalence of injury in the first half of the season when compared to those that had more planning time .
Flaminia Ronca , an exercise physiologist at the Institute of Sport @ @ @ @ @ @ @ University College London , is working with Premier League players to assess what health risks they may face when returning after the suspension .
She said : `` It 's possible that the players may have lost up to 15 % of their fitness , which they now need to regain in a very short time .
`` And I think this is really where the science of training becomes so crucial .
Coaches will have to be very creative and combine the most effective methods of training with the safest injury prevention @ @ @ @ @ @ @ tight timeframe . ''
How does the analysis work ?
Over five million hours of performance from various sports , including those 35 professional football teams , has been gathered by Zone7 and this data is used to assess the probability of a player sustaining an injury in the following seven days .
Millions of data points are taken from wearable technology that tracks workloads from training and matches , player injury history , fitness tests , and even sleep patterns to generate daily risk forecasts .
Historical data is used to detect @ @ @ @ @ @ @ when those data patterns emerge and help prevent the injury before it occurs .
From here , teams are given risk forecasts and not only can they identify the type of injury a particular player could sustain if they are deemed `` high risk '' , modifications can be made to that player 's bespoke training schedule to avoid the injury occurring .
Zone7 states it can provide accurate and timely alerts for 75 % of injuries .
Getafe 's success in avoiding injuries before they happen Spanish side Getafe are fifth in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Real Sociedad despite having a bottom-half wage budget , and some of their success is down to the regular availability of their trim squad .
Upon integrating this data analysis into their training routines in 2017 , the number of injuries sustained fell from 3.25 per month to just 0.86 during that period .
To ensure the results were not an anomaly , Getafe stopped using the technology for a period at the beginning of 2018-19 and then restarted so that a direct comparison could be made .
Without the analytical tool from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ month were lost to injury .
With it , from November until the end of 2018-19 , the number fell to 35 missed days , a 64 % reduction .
Moreover , two-thirds of the injuries that were incurred were alerted by the platform beforehand .
While Zone7 provides a recommendation , ultimately it is the final decision of the club and their technical staff to act upon the data .
But in 2018-19 Getafe finished bottom of the injury table in La Liga , with just eight in the entire campaign .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ said simply of the injury avoidance process : `` What was previously subjective , is now objective . ''
Paul Macdonald is head of content for Football Critic .

Newcastle boss Steve Bruce says players could "fall down like a pack of cards" if there is not enough preparation time
Premier League players could be 25% more susceptible to injury when football resumes because of the intense schedule, research shows.
Premier League chief executive Richard Masters is "as confident as we can be" of restarting in June.
Time will need to be found for the FA Cup before the 2020-21 season starts in "late August, early September".
Based on Project Restart's provisional return date of 20 June, Manchester City players could face 13 games in 49 days.
City have played one fewer match than the majority of Premier League clubs but these figures do not take into account the completion of the Champions League, which has the potential of adding another four games should they reach the final - if the tournament can be concluded.
Research conducted by artificial intelligence platform Zone7, which specialises in injury risk forecasting and works with 35 professional football teams worldwide, shows that playing eight matches in a 30-day period increases the incidence of injury by 25% when compared with playing four to five matches in the same timeframe.
Eight matches in 30 days may seem a regular occurrence but only 4% of players across a season are subjected to such a run of games.
It is not just the congestion of the fixture list that poses a concern, but the time provided for teams to transition from individual, socially distanced training to higher-intensity group training, something Watford manager Nigel Pearson and Newcastle boss Steve Bruce are concerned about.
The Bundesliga was only officially given the go-ahead to recommence on 7 May, just nine days before the first fixture kicked off. Eight players picked up injuries in the six games on 16 May - a rate well above normal.
A standard pre-season schedule runs for a period of 30 days, or even longer.
But when examining data from 11 top-division professional teams from the past two seasons, Zone7 found that when the preparation period shortens, due to an international tournament or entry into European competition, 75% of teams had higher prevalence of injury in the first half of the season when compared to those that had more planning time.
Flaminia Ronca, an exercise physiologist at the Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, part of University College London, is working with Premier League players to assess what health risks they may face when returning after the suspension.
She said: "It's possible that the players may have lost up to 15% of their fitness, which they now need to regain in a very short time.
"And I think this is really where the science of training becomes so crucial. Coaches will have to be very creative and combine the most effective methods of training with the safest injury prevention methods, all condensed into this very tight timeframe."
How does the analysis work?
Over five million hours of performance from various sports, including those 35 professional football teams, has been gathered by Zone7 and this data is used to assess the probability of a player sustaining an injury in the following seven days.
Millions of data points are taken from wearable technology that tracks workloads from training and matches, player injury history, fitness tests, and even sleep patterns to generate daily risk forecasts.
Historical data is used to detect data patterns that precede injuries and alert when those data patterns emerge and help prevent the injury before it occurs.
From here, teams are given risk forecasts and not only can they identify the type of injury a particular player could sustain if they are deemed "high risk", modifications can be made to that player's bespoke training schedule to avoid the injury occurring. Zone7 states it can provide accurate and timely alerts for 75% of injuries.
Getafe's success in avoiding injuries before they happen
Getafe played their last match before La Liga's postponement against Celta Vigo on 7 March
Spanish side Getafe are fifth in La Liga, level on points with Real Sociedad despite having a bottom-half wage budget, and some of their success is down to the regular availability of their trim squad.
Upon integrating this data analysis into their training routines external-link in 2017, the number of injuries sustained fell from 3.25 per month to just 0.86 during that period.
To ensure the results were not an anomaly, Getafe stopped using the technology for a period at the beginning of 2018-19 and then restarted so that a direct comparison could be made.
Without the analytical tool from August to October, 96 days per month were lost to injury. With it, from November until the end of 2018-19, the number fell to 35 missed days, a 64% reduction. Moreover, two-thirds of the injuries that were incurred were alerted by the platform beforehand.
While Zone7 provides a recommendation, ultimately it is the final decision of the club and their technical staff to act upon the data.
But in 2018-19 Getafe finished bottom of the injury table in La Liga, with just eight in the entire campaign. Javi Vidal, their performance coach, said simply of the injury avoidance process: "What was previously subjective, is now objective."
Paul Macdonald is head of content for Football Critic.


bbc--2020-05-25--Evander Holyfield open to Mike Tyson rematch for charity

Former world heavyweight champion Evander Holyfield would fight Mike Tyson again - if his old rival asks .
Both have planned returns for charity and Holyfield said a three-round fight was possible `` if he [ Tyson ] wants to '' .
`` If I ask him it 's almost like me being a bully saying I want to go against somebody I 've beaten twice , '' he added .
• None Listen - 5 Live Boxing with Costello and Bunce : Holyfield wo n't 'bully ' Tyson into fight Holyfield had the last of his 57 professional bouts @ @ @ @ @ @ @ victory with a technical knockout against Denmark 's Brian Nielsen in Copenhagen .
Tyson , 53 , who became the youngest world heavyweight champion when he won the title aged 20 in 1986 , last fought professionally in 2005 when his 58th contest ended in his sixth defeat , against Irishman Kevin McBride .
Asked about the potential of a third fight with Tyson , Holyfield told BBC Radio 5 live : `` I do n't want pressure on me that 'you just want to fight Mike because you know you can beat @ @ @ @ @ @ @ me I 'm gon na hit you back , that 's what boxing is really about .
I 'm gon na be 58 , he 'll be 54 , you talk about being in good health and doing things the proper way that respects it .
`` Anybody that I get in the ring with , if I 'm in there with my brother , if he tag me I 'm gon na tag him back .
If you do n't want me to throw bombs you 'd better not throw no bombs @ @ @ @ @ @ @ no problem with it .
I 'm doing it for my foundation to tell them what life is really about .
`` When they see me box at 58 years old , they 're gon na go 'wow , how did you do that ? '
Taking care of yourself , listen to your momma , listen to your father .
`` When you become an adult you do n't just say all that stuff my parents told me do n't work .
The reason you made it this far is because of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ I had good parents and a good coach .
`` My coach told me at the age of eight years old 'you 're gon na be the best fighter that ever came out of the south ' and people laughed at him , but I was set when I made the Olympic team , then I became the undisputed cruiserweight champion , became the heavyweight champion of the world then got it again and again and again - he was right . ''

Tyson against Holyfield in the infamous "Bite Fight" of 1997
Former world heavyweight champion Evander Holyfield would fight Mike Tyson again - if his old rival asks.
Holyfield, 57, who retired in 2014, won their two previous bouts in the 1990s, including the infamous 'Bite Fight' in 1997 when Tyson was disqualified.
Both have planned returns for charity and Holyfield said a three-round fight was possible "if he [Tyson] wants to".
"If I ask him it's almost like me being a bully saying I want to go against somebody I've beaten twice," he added.
Holyfield had the last of his 57 professional bouts in 2011 when he recorded his 44th victory with a technical knockout against Denmark's Brian Nielsen in Copenhagen.
Tyson, 53, who became the youngest world heavyweight champion when he won the title aged 20 in 1986, last fought professionally in 2005 when his 58th contest ended in his sixth defeat, against Irishman Kevin McBride.
Asked about the potential of a third fight with Tyson, Holyfield told BBC Radio 5 live: "I don't want pressure on me that 'you just want to fight Mike because you know you can beat him'.
"If he hits me I'm gonna hit you back, that's what boxing is really about. I'm gonna be 58, he'll be 54, you talk about being in good health and doing things the proper way that respects it.
"Anybody that I get in the ring with, if I'm in there with my brother, if he tag me I'm gonna tag him back. If you don't want me to throw bombs you'd better not throw no bombs."
Holyfield insisted inspiring young people was his motivation.
"I don't have no problem with it. I'm doing it for my foundation to tell them what life is really about.
"When they see me box at 58 years old, they're gonna go 'wow, how did you do that?' Taking care of yourself, listen to your momma, listen to your father.
"When you become an adult you don't just say all that stuff my parents told me don't work. The reason you made it this far is because of these things your parents told you. I had good parents and a good coach.
"My coach told me at the age of eight years old 'you're gonna be the best fighter that ever came out of the south' and people laughed at him, but I was set when I made the Olympic team, then I became the undisputed cruiserweight champion, became the heavyweight champion of the world then got it again and again and again - he was right."