bbc--2020-01-23--Tyson Fury: How Manchester fighter has built his following - and plans to break America

Under the tree , his best-selling book .
On the radio , a festive duet with Robbie Williams .
On TV , adverts for his forthcoming reality series .
As jolly , bearded faces of Christmas go , Santa had a rival this year .
Tyson Fury was , and is , everywhere .
He may lack the showreel of brutal knockouts boasted by famous namesake Mike .
He might not be a clean-cut , on-message corporate dream , like heavyweight rival Anthony Joshua .
And he is not a Ricky-Hatton style figurehead who commands a whole city of loyal @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , has made his own success story .
The self-styled 'Gypsy King ' from the Traveller community has defied logic , won over the public and come up smiling as boxing 's clown prince , now preparing for another big fight in the US - a rematch with Deontay Wilder on 22 February .
So how has he done it ?
And what can Las Vegas expect next ?
`` To be a boxer , just some random boxer who 's talented , ai n't enough , '' Fury told BBC Radio 5 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ enough to win a fight but it 's not enough to sell tickets , it 's not enough to do pay-per-view , it 's not enough to be noticed and for people to talk about you outside of boxing . ''
Fury 's first piece of crossover content , in March 2009 , was entirely accidental .
In his fourth professional fight , he beat 32-year-old journeyman Lee Swaby at the now-defunct Aston Arena .
Backing his opponent against the ropes in the fourth round , Fury threw an uppercut .
Swaby , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in anticipation .
The punch glanced off Swaby 's forehead and deflected , at full momentum , into Fury 's face .
Two million plus views on YouTube followed .
Long after the headline result was forgotten , a moment of high farce in a low-profile fight lived on .
In the 11 years since , Fury , whose ringcraft , reach and defensive skills now make for bigger victories , has been a relentless and innovative seller of himself .
A stand-up stint for Sport Relief in 2012 , taping over his @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Board of Control fine in 2014 , a news conference dressed as Batman in 2015 , another with an entourage of five cheerleaders in 2016 , buying 1,000-euro rounds of drinks for fans , ring walks inspired by Apollo Creed and Mexican Independence Day , impromptu karaoke , dressing-room visits from his celebrity mates , UFC , WWE and a home-made social-media output that apparently comes direct from the big man 's fingertips , unfiltered by PR safety nets .
`` Boxing is different to many sports , '' says sports marketing expert @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a Premier League footballer , you are on the big stage every Saturday or Sunday to maintain your profile .
As a top-level boxer you could go a year , 18 months without a major fight .
`` It 's a complicated , calendar-less sport and it 's tricky to maintain a regularly high profile .
In the old days you would have to call a press conference to announce your plans and sell yourself to the press .
Fury has a pretty modern and pretty intelligent approach - with social media these @ @ @ @ @ @ @ up and spread far beyond a traditional boxing audience . ''
Fury always had the imagination to pull a stunt and subvert boxing 's po-faced beef-heavy norms .
Where other fighters generate more threats and menace than a mob movie , Fury veers dramatically off-script .
His claim earlier this month to be preparing for the Wilder rematch , by masturbating seven times a day was typically outlandish and entirely in character .
But a man who won the heavyweight title in the ring , lost it in a haze of drink , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of an intriguing three-way wrestle for control of the division , is now subject to a new focus .
Early in his career he would rant , rave and froth to get his five minutes of fame .
Today , the media come to him asking for hour-long sit-down interviews , complete with photoshoot .
Frank Warren , his UK promoter , tells BBC Sport : `` I think there was a lot of paranoia in the camp before .
It was hammered into Tyson : 'You are a Traveller , you are @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is a guy who can talk as well as fight .
And we all see he is engaging , very intelligent and articulate .
It was just a case of getting him into platforms to show that . ''
In the opening five minutes of an hour-long podcast hosted by Mike Tyson in September , he touched on the history of the Gypsy people , their portrayal in the media and the pioneering 1850s heavyweight Jem Mace .
He willingly turns that same gaze inward .
He often reflects at length and in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ infidelity and weight gain that kept him out of the ring for two and a half years after his shock triumph over Wladimir Klitschko in Germany in 2015 , explaining frailties while rivals bluster and boast .
As he prepares for his Las Vegas rematch with Wilder , that mix of introspection , eloquence and wit is about to be tested stateside .
`` I just tell him : 'Be you . '
They are going to eat it up , '' says Bob Arum , the legendary American promoter who is overseeing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` The American public have found him humorous , outrageous - they wrapped themselves in his personality , his dress going into the ring , his singing , he has sold himself to the public in the US .
`` Prince Naseem Hamed , Amir Khan and Ricky Hatton brought their UK fanbases with them , but they never became great American attractions .
`` Tyson - you let him loose and he is attracting a tremendous number of Americans .
We are going to have a big push to have him on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Jimmy Kimmel , Jimmy Fallon .
They get a huge audience and helped build Manny Pacquiao 's personality because he did such a good job on late-night television .
`` And there is absolutely the appetite to have him on .
`` The big danger in television is when you are conducting an interview and the person being interviewed is so boring that people can use their remote and go to another station .
`` When I was younger , in the 1950s and 1960s , people did n't have as many choices @ @ @ @ @ @ @ television but also on the internet , you can keep yourself busy and occupied every second for 24 hours .
`` But when you have a guy like Tyson , who is coming up with one thing after another , you are intrigued and tend to watch the whole broadcast .
They need a guy like Tyson Fury who can not only attract an audience , but can keep an audience . ''
Not everyone has always been transfixed with interest and admiration .
Fury has in the past free-wheeled straight into homophobia @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Testament brand of Christianity tinged with modern conspiracy theories .
In recent interviews , he has said those outbursts were related to his mental illness , or misguided attempts to generate publicity .
`` I was the outlaw , the bad boy , the man who did n't give a damn , '' he told BBC Radio 5 Live last year .
`` I was the man who would say stuff and cause reactions and divide opinions and people would print stuff about me , but it was all part of you know @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` There comes a point where I could n't do it any more , I just had to be me .
I had to let go of the character , because I got lost in it .
I could n't be me anymore . ''
In an era in which politicians can successfully shrug off illiberal comments from their past , and in a sport in which legends are elevated regardless , any lasting harm to Fury 's reputation seems minimal .
`` The most famous sportsman in my lifetime was Muhammad Ali @ @ @ @ @ @ @ he was Cassius Clay , he called the white man the Devil , he said blacks should n't marry whites , that budgies do n't go with parrots - quite strong and racist comments .
`` But that was what he said at that age , it was quite stupid , quite ridiculous , and as time went on he became a well-loved humanitarian and the most loved sportsman of my time . ''
In any case , maybe there is not a lot that Warren , or anyone else can do about @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and unwieldy as the Fairport Convention line-up , with only the man himself fixed as a permanent point .
He split acrimoniously from his uncle and former trainer Peter Fury in the wake of his win over Klitschko .
His relationship with former promoter Mick Hennessy went similarly south .
Ben Davison , the man who oversaw his comeback to the ring , has been sidelined in favour of American Javan 'Sugar ' Hill for his preparations for the Wilder rematch .
Warren and Arum are the latest to look after the promotional @ @ @ @ @ @ @ long-time lawyer , has an eye on the finances , and the fighter has also engaged a management company and PR firm .
But none has a full view of his intentions .
Nobody is dictating a masterplan .
`` A couple of things we get involved in , but I would say 98 % of the stuff comes from him , '' says Warren , who only learned of Fury 's foray into WWE after it happened .
Arum tells a similar story : `` He has ideas about things to do @ @ @ @ @ @ @ them first and then asks me what I thought ! ''
So firm is Fury 's grip on his own career that Joshua 's camp reportedly made an approach to set up a fight in early 2019 direct to the man himself , with Fury then convening his brains trust to discuss and dismiss the offer .
Between them , Warren and Arum have more than 90 years ' experience in the boxing business .
What do they compare the Fury phenomenon to ?
`` From a fun point of view it is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the early days , Naz was great fun , he was n't to everyone 's taste , but it was great fun promoting him , '' says Warren .
`` It is like that with Tyson .
You never know what to expect , but you know it is never going to be dull .
There is always going to be a spark there .
`` He is a man of the people , he has not got a load of agents or entourages that does not let you get near him @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and sign autographs , walk into the bar and buy everyone a drink .
That is the type of guy that he is . ''
`` For me he is like a combination of Ali and George Foreman , '' says Arum .
`` Ali was the genius of the sound bite , but in those short phrases there was a lot of profundity .
Tyson does not speak particularly in sound bites , but he articulates thoughts and they stay with you .
`` The second incarnation of George Foreman had an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , to have people laugh not at him , but along with him .
He would pose with hamburgers , because people said he was too fat , turning it in his favour by making people laugh with him .
`` Tyson has that ability .
He has the ability to look at himself and what people are saying about him and laugh along with the public .
That defuses a lot of things and makes a lot of friends . ''
By the time he steps into the ring against Wilder , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ more .

Fury made his WWE debut at October's 'Crown Jewel' pay-per-view event in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Under the tree, his best-selling book. On the radio, a festive duet with Robbie Williams. On TV, adverts for his forthcoming reality series.
As jolly, bearded faces of Christmas go, Santa had a rival this year. Tyson Fury was, and is, everywhere.
He may lack the showreel of brutal knockouts boasted by famous namesake Mike. He might not be a clean-cut, on-message corporate dream, like heavyweight rival Anthony Joshua. And he is not a Ricky-Hatton style figurehead who commands a whole city of loyal fans, either.
Fury, 31, has made his own success story. The self-styled 'Gypsy King' from the Traveller community has defied logic, won over the public and come up smiling as boxing's clown prince, now preparing for another big fight in the US - a rematch with Deontay Wilder on 22 February.
So how has he done it? And what can Las Vegas expect next?
"To be a boxer, just some random boxer who's talented, ain't enough," Fury told BBC Radio 5 Live in November.
"It's enough to win a fight but it's not enough to sell tickets, it's not enough to do pay-per-view, it's not enough to be noticed and for people to talk about you outside of boxing."
Fury's first piece of crossover content, in March 2009, was entirely accidental.
In his fourth professional fight, he beat 32-year-old journeyman Lee Swaby at the now-defunct Aston Arena.
Backing his opponent against the ropes in the fourth round, Fury threw an uppercut. Swaby, from behind his peek-a-boo guard, ducked in anticipation. The punch glanced off Swaby's forehead and deflected, at full momentum, into Fury's face.
Tyson Fury - I had to let go of my "outlaw" character
Two million plus views on YouTube followed. Long after the headline result was forgotten, a moment of high farce in a low-profile fight lived on.
In the 11 years since, Fury, whose ringcraft, reach and defensive skills now make for bigger victories, has been a relentless and innovative seller of himself.
A stand-up stint for Sport Relief in 2012, taping over his mouth in protest at a British Boxing Board of Control fine in 2014, a news conference dressed as Batman in 2015, another with an entourage of five cheerleaders in 2016, buying 1,000-euro rounds of drinks for fans, ring walks inspired by Apollo Creed and Mexican Independence Day, impromptu karaoke, dressing-room visits from his celebrity mates, UFC, WWE and a home-made social-media output that apparently comes direct from the big man's fingertips, unfiltered by PR safety nets.
"Boxing is different to many sports," says sports marketing expert Nigel Currie.
"If you are a Premier League footballer, you are on the big stage every Saturday or Sunday to maintain your profile. As a top-level boxer you could go a year, 18 months without a major fight.
"It's a complicated, calendar-less sport and it's tricky to maintain a regularly high profile. In the old days you would have to call a press conference to announce your plans and sell yourself to the press. Fury has a pretty modern and pretty intelligent approach - with social media these small details and antics can be picked up and spread far beyond a traditional boxing audience."
How on earth did Tyson Fury end up singing a duet with Robbie Williams?
Fury always had the imagination to pull a stunt and subvert boxing's po-faced beef-heavy norms. Where other fighters generate more threats and menace than a mob movie, Fury veers dramatically off-script.
His claim earlier this month to be preparing for the Wilder rematch, by masturbating seven times a day was typically outlandish and entirely in character. external-link
But a man who won the heavyweight title in the ring, lost it in a haze of drink, drugs and wasted days and is part of an intriguing three-way wrestle for control of the division, is now subject to a new focus.
Early in his career he would rant, rave and froth to get his five minutes of fame. Today, the media come to him asking for hour-long sit-down interviews, complete with photoshoot.
Frank Warren, his UK promoter, tells BBC Sport: "I think there was a lot of paranoia in the camp before. It was hammered into Tyson: 'You are a Traveller, you are an outsider.'
"But this is a guy who can talk as well as fight. And we all see he is engaging, very intelligent and articulate. It was just a case of getting him into platforms to show that."
In the opening five minutes of an hour-long podcast hosted by Mike Tyson in September, external-link he touched on the history of the Gypsy people, their portrayal in the media and the pioneering 1850s heavyweight Jem Mace.
He willingly turns that same gaze inward. He often reflects at length and in depth about the depression, addiction, infidelity and weight gain that kept him out of the ring for two and a half years after his shock triumph over Wladimir Klitschko in Germany in 2015, explaining frailties while rivals bluster and boast.
As he prepares for his Las Vegas rematch with Wilder, that mix of introspection, eloquence and wit is about to be tested stateside.
"I just tell him: 'Be you.' They are going to eat it up," says Bob Arum, the legendary American promoter who is overseeing his career in the United States.
Fury's ringwalks have been nods to attracting a new audience
"The American public have found him humorous, outrageous - they wrapped themselves in his personality, his dress going into the ring, his singing, he has sold himself to the public in the US.
"Prince Naseem Hamed, Amir Khan and Ricky Hatton brought their UK fanbases with them, but they never became great American attractions.
"Tyson - you let him loose and he is attracting a tremendous number of Americans. We are going to have a big push to have him on our late-night shows - Stephen Colbert, Jimmy Kimmel, Jimmy Fallon. They get a huge audience and helped build Manny Pacquiao's personality because he did such a good job on late-night television.
"And there is absolutely the appetite to have him on.
"The big danger in television is when you are conducting an interview and the person being interviewed is so boring that people can use their remote and go to another station.
Talk show host Jimmy Kimmel, in black with hat, was part of Manny Pacquiao's entourage for his fight against Floyd Mayweather after Pacquiao appeared on his show
"When I was younger, in the 1950s and 1960s, people didn't have as many choices. Nowadays, not only on linear television but also on the internet, you can keep yourself busy and occupied every second for 24 hours.
"But when you have a guy like Tyson, who is coming up with one thing after another, you are intrigued and tend to watch the whole broadcast. They need a guy like Tyson Fury who can not only attract an audience, but can keep an audience."
Not everyone has always been transfixed with interest and admiration.
Fury has in the past free-wheeled straight into homophobia, sexism and anti-Semitism, his Old Testament brand of Christianity tinged with modern conspiracy theories.
In recent interviews, he has said those outbursts were related to his mental illness, or misguided attempts to generate publicity.
"I was the outlaw, the bad boy, the man who didn't give a damn," he told BBC Radio 5 Live last year.
2015: Boxer Fury's bizarre Batman entrance
"I was the man who would say stuff and cause reactions and divide opinions and people would print stuff about me, but it was all part of you know, this character I was playing.
"There comes a point where I couldn't do it any more, I just had to be me. I had to let go of the character, because I got lost in it. I couldn't be me anymore."
In an era in which politicians can successfully shrug off illiberal comments from their past, and in a sport in which legends are elevated regardless, any lasting harm to Fury's reputation seems minimal.
"The most famous sportsman in my lifetime was Muhammad Ali," says Warren.
"When he was Cassius Clay, he called the white man the Devil, he said blacks shouldn't marry whites, that budgies don't go with parrots - quite strong and racist comments.
"But that was what he said at that age, it was quite stupid, quite ridiculous, and as time went on he became a well-loved humanitarian and the most loved sportsman of my time."
In any case, maybe there is not a lot that Warren, or anyone else can do about it.
Team Fury is as changeable and unwieldy as the Fairport Convention line-up, external-link with only the man himself fixed as a permanent point.
He split acrimoniously from his uncle and former trainer Peter Fury in the wake of his win over Klitschko. His relationship with former promoter Mick Hennessy went similarly south. Ben Davison, the man who oversaw his comeback to the ring, has been sidelined in favour of American Javan 'Sugar' Hill for his preparations for the Wilder rematch.
Warren and Arum are the latest to look after the promotional side. Robert Davis, Fury's long-time lawyer, has an eye on the finances, and the fighter has also engaged a management company and PR firm.
But none has a full view of his intentions. Nobody is dictating a masterplan.
"A couple of things we get involved in, but I would say 98% of the stuff comes from him," says Warren, who only learned of Fury's foray into WWE after it happened.
Let's fight! Tyson Fury sparks 'mass brawl' at WWE event
Arum tells a similar story: "He has ideas about things to do, except Tyson being Tyson he does them first and then asks me what I thought!"
So firm is Fury's grip on his own career that Joshua's camp reportedly made an approach to set up a fight in early 2019 direct to the man himself, with Fury then convening his brains trust to discuss and dismiss the offer.
Between them, Warren and Arum have more than 90 years' experience in the boxing business. What do they compare the Fury phenomenon to?
"From a fun point of view it is like working with Naz [Hamed] in the early days, Naz was great fun, he wasn't to everyone's taste, but it was great fun promoting him," says Warren.
"It is like that with Tyson. You never know what to expect, but you know it is never going to be dull. There is always going to be a spark there.
"He is a man of the people, he has not got a load of agents or entourages that does not let you get near him, he will go down the street and sign autographs, walk into the bar and buy everyone a drink. That is the type of guy that he is."
"For me he is like a combination of Ali and George Foreman," says Arum.
Hamed, also promoted by Warren, fought five times in the United States, suffering the only defeat of his 37-fight career against Marco Antonio Barrera in Las Vegas in April 2001
"Ali was the genius of the sound bite, but in those short phrases there was a lot of profundity. Tyson does not speak particularly in sound bites, but he articulates thoughts and they stay with you.
"The second incarnation of George Foreman had an incredible way to make fun of himself, to have people laugh not at him, but along with him. He would pose with hamburgers, because people said he was too fat, turning it in his favour by making people laugh with him.
"Tyson has that ability. He has the ability to look at himself and what people are saying about him and laugh along with the public. That defuses a lot of things and makes a lot of friends."
By the time he steps into the ring against Wilder, Fury will have doubtless made a few more.


bbc--2020-01-23--Coronavirus: How do you quarantine a city - and does it work?

With two days until the Chinese New Year , the railway station in Wuhan should be buzzing .
Across the country , millions of people are heading home to see loved ones .
But in China 's seventh biggest city - home of the coronavirus - most platforms are deserted .
As of 10:00 on Thursday ( 02:00 GMT ) , buses , trains , subways and ferries were stopped from leaving the city .
Flights were also suspended .
Roads are not officially closed , but roadblocks have been reported , and residents have been told not to leave @ @ @ @ @ @ @ you quarantine an entire city ?
And if you can - does it work ?
Wuhan is a huge place - the 42nd biggest city in the world , according to UN data - and can not easily be turned into an isolation ward .
More than 20 major roads come into Wuhan , plus dozens of smaller ones .
Even with public transport closed , sealing the city would require a massive military effort .
`` The only way you could do it , realistically , would be to ring-fence the city @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , '' says Professor Adam Kamradt-Scott , a health security expert from the University of Sydney .
But even if they do it , where - literally - would they draw the line ?
Like most modern cities , Wuhan sprawls into smaller towns and villages .
`` Cities are shaped in unorthodox ways , '' says Professor Mikhail Prokopenko , a pandemics expert also from the University of Sydney , '' You ca n't really block every road and every connection .
It may be possible to an extent ... but it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Gauden Galea , the World Health Organization 's representative in China , puts it more bluntly .
`` To my knowledge , trying to contain a city of 11 million people is new to science , '' he told the Associated Press .
`` We can not at this stage say it will or it will not work . ''
And - even if it proves possible to shut the stable door on Wuhan - the horse may already have bolted .
The Wuhan virus was reported to the WHO on 31 December @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that officials in China confirmed it could be passed human-to-human .
By that time , tens of thousands of people had been and gone from the city .
The virus has since been reported across China and Asia , and even in the US - all in people who had recently been in Wuhan .
But , even though the virus is spreading worldwide , Prof Kamradt-Scott says the domestic situation is more worrying .
`` In each of the [ other ] countries where we 've seen cases emerge , it 's @ @ @ @ @ @ @ four in Thailand , '' says Prof Kamradt-Scott .
`` They 're very small numbers of cases .
It appears they have effectively been caught in time to prevent further transmission locally .
So the bigger concern is within China . ''
Of the 571 cases reported by Thursday , 375 were in Hubei province , where Wuhan is the capital .
But there were another 26 in Guangdong , 10 in Beijing , plus 38 possible cases in Hong Kong .
`` If the virus is already there , and there 's @ @ @ @ @ @ @ measures in Wuhan are too late , '' says Prof Kamradt-Scott .
Prof Prokopenko agrees that the international response has been good .
Passengers on the last plane from Wuhan to Sydney , for example , were greeted by biosecurity officials .
The problem , the professor says , is many people could have the virus and not even know it .
`` There is a difference between infected and infectious , '' he warns .
`` Infected people have a virus in their organism , but they are not yet infectious .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ look totally normal until they have already been in contact with other people . ''
The normal incubation period for flu , he says , is two or three days .
But for a coronavirus , it could be five to six days , a week , or even longer .
That is - someone could have caught the virus last week , taken it across the world , infected others , and still not know they are ill. '' And when they do start showing symptoms , it may be confused with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Prof Prokopenko .
`` That 's the difficulty . ''
• Wuhan : The London-sized city where the virus began • Coronavirus : How worried should we be ?
None of this means China is wrong to try to contain the virus .
The WHO has praised their efforts , and there are some precedents for what experts call `` social distancing '' .
In April 2009 , Mexico City shut down bars , cinemas , theatres , football grounds , and even churches in an attempt to stop swine flu .
Restaurants @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
`` It did apparently slow the transmission of the virus in Mexico City , and helped authorities get a handle on the situation , '' says Prof Kamradt-Scott .
`` Did it stop it completely ?
No . ''
So overall , is the Wuhan shutdown worthwhile ?
`` China has only been reporting confirmed cases , '' says Prof Kamradt-Scott .
`` On the basis of those numbers [ 571 cases , with 17 dead ] , if it was me , I probably would n't do it .
But if @ @ @ @ @ @ @ then that would considerably change the equation . ''

By that time, tens of thousands of people had been and gone from the city. The virus has since been reported across China and Asia, and even in the US - all in people who had recently been in Wuhan.


'I have to live on $1,175 a year'

After a decade working on a fruit farm , Jose Evandro da Silva says he could n't take it any more .
`` I felt that I was working like a slave , '' says the 25-year-old .
Mr da Silva spent 10 years spraying pesticides on melon plants in north eastern Brazil , until he quit at the start of last year .
He says he was never offered sufficient protective clothing , and that his health suffered as a result .
`` By the end of the day I always had a headache due to contact with the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ wash your hands before meals , '' he adds .
`` We did not have water or soap . ''
Stories like this are not uncommon among the vast number of Brazilian farm workers who help plant , grow and harvest fruit - such as mangoes , melons , grapes and oranges - that often end up on the shelves of supermarkets across Europe and North America .
Brazil is the world 's third-largest fruit producer , behind only China and India , and ahead of the US .
For oranges it is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ out of every four oranges consumed worldwide coming from Brazil .
In total , 4.8 million Brazilians are paid farm workers , according to the National Confederation of Rural Workers trade union .
And Brazil 's fruit production is booming .
The sector generates 40bn Brazilian reais ( $ 10bn ; £7.3bn ) of sales a year , according to Brazil 's economics ministry .
The problem , according to a report by the charity Oxfam Brazil , is that nowhere near enough of that money goes to the workers .
The study @ @ @ @ @ @ @ conditions on tropical fruit farms in North-East Brazil , found that fruit workers were among the poorest 20 % of Brazilians .
It also detailed evidence of poor working conditions , such as those experienced by Mr da Silva .
In the peak picking season for Brazilian mangoes , September and October , half of all the mangoes on sale in the UK come from Brazil .
At the start of the supply chain are the pickers , who more often are women .
Carmen Priscila Souza , 25 , is one of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Grande do Norte , she has been doing the job since she was a teenager .
While Brazil does have a minimum wage , she can only find work in the five months of the year when there is fruit to be picked .
So she earns just $ 1,175 ( £901 ) to last the whole year .
`` For any workers this value is very little , '' she says .
`` But it is better than standing still for nothing . ''
Gustavo Ferroni , a Sao Paulo-based researcher who @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the problem has been exacerbated by the fact that the Brazilian agricultural sector is dominated by giant companies , at the expense of smaller producers .
He says that an added barrier to seeing wages and working conditions improve is that people are scared of losing their jobs .
`` The argument that any job is better than no job puts on workers the burden of accepting any working condition , and exempts economic sectors from their responsibilities , '' he says .
`` That is not fair .
The fruit chain generates @ @ @ @ @ @ @ distributed . ''
Oxfam is calling on the Brazilian government to increase the country 's minimum wage , reinforce inspections of farms to ensure that workers are not being mistreated , allow employees to more easily join trade unions and review recent approvals of agro-chemicals .
Economist Patricia Pelatieri says that the current Brazilian minimum wage of 998 reais a month is `` far from enough '' .
She adds : `` The minimum needed per month for people in north eastern Brazil would be around 1,800 .
And they should receive it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ . ''
The Brazilian government was approached to provide a comment for this article , but the Ministry of Agriculture refused to answer any questions , and the Ministry of Work did not reply .
More from the BBC 's series taking an international perspective on trade : • Why is kosher food soaring in popularity ?
• As the ice melts , Greenland considers its future One of the large agricultural companies criticised in the Oxfam report is Caliman .
It says that it `` does n't acknowledge the reality portrayed by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Europe are the biggest buyers of Brazilian fruit , accounting for 67 % of all overseas sales .
This is led by the Netherlands and the UK .
The Oxfam report calls on supermarkets in both countries to more closely monitor the source and supply chain of their Brazilian fruit , and put pressure on producers and suppliers to boost working conditions .
It also asks that the supermarkets work more with Brazilian trade unions , something it praises UK giant Tesco for doing .
Back in the state of Bahia in north @ @ @ @ @ @ @ has now been out of work for almost a year .
`` When I decided to leave the company , the manager called me into his office and told me that if I decided to sue them , no other company in the region would hire [ me ] , '' he says .
Mr da Silva did n't go down the legal route .
Instead he is hoping to get work at a new wind farm that is due to be constructed in his region .

Carmen Priscila Souza, 25, is one of them. From the state of Rio Grande do Norte, she has been doing the job since she was a teenager. While Brazil does have a minimum wage, she can only find work in the five months of the year when there is fruit to be picked.


bbc--2020-01-23--My Money: 'I had to get tickets, it was a huge sum, $519!'

My Money is a new series looking at how people spend their money - and the sometimes tough decisions they have to make .
Here , Sunneva María Svövudóttir from Reykjavik in Iceland , records her spending over a week and shares tips for saving .
We 're looking for more people to share what they spend their money on .
We 're particularly keen to hear from disabled people about the extra cash your disability costs you .
If you 're interested , please email my.money @ bbc.co.uk or get in touch via our My Money ( World ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the UK , please join our My Money ( UK ) Facebook group and we 'll aim to contact you .
Sunneva is 20 and lives in Iceland .
She works in a bakery part-time as she has just finished at school .
Her hobbies are art , bullet journaling , music and make-up .
She recently went head-to-head with another My Money blogger , Chelsea Thomas from California , on World Business Report - have a listen to hear Sunneva talk about what she spent her money on this week .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ , free acrylic nails and an amazing graduation cake Today I went out to meet my friend for lunch .
We met at a sushi place and I ended up getting some sushi as well as some gyoza dumplings , which cost around 1,700 króna ( $ 13.85 , £10.60 ) .
I did n't do much for the rest of the day besides walk around Reykjavík and talk .
But on the night I met my best friend who lives far away from me and we got dinner together at Metro and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ did n't really save any money as I had made plans to eat out with two people .
I also dyed my hair at home but thankfully my mom offered to pay for the dye so I ended up not spending money on that .
This day was full of stress , as I was doing last minute things for my graduation .
Early in the morning I took a bus , which I did n't have to pay for as I have a yearly season ticket , to get my nails done @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 8,000 króna but I got them done for free as a gift .
After this I had to do some last minute shopping and went to a grocery store and I ended up getting some money from my dad to buy things for the graduation celebration .
I ended up spending 4,000 króna on soda , coffee and things that still had to be bought .
For lunch I had some pho noodles which cost around 1,700 króna .
I had to go help my mother after that so I was busy until @ @ @ @ @ @ @ my aunt , we ate food and went to the movies and that was about 4,000 króna .
The rest of the night was spent getting ready for the graduation celebration the next day .
This was such a big day , so many amazing things happened today .
Let 's start with this morning .
I woke up at 8am , and the biggest reason for this is because there were concert tickets that went on sale at 9am .
It was for a concert in London , for a K-pop group @ @ @ @ @ @ @ been following since 2015 .
So I knew I had to get tickets as they had never been to Europe before .
I ended up getting the most expensive tickets for their show in the SSE Arena , it was a huge sum : 64,500 króna ( $ 519 , £397 ) .
Yes , you read that correctly .
It was go all out or do n't bother so , I did it .
After this it was time to get ready for my GRADUATION !
I saved money by doing my @ @ @ @ @ @ @ professional .
I had my hair done for free , by a professional .
The dress and the shoes I also got for free from Facebook !
In my school we have to wear a cap while we graduate , which costs around 15,000 króna BUT instead of buying one I just ended up wearing my mother 's cap that she had worn years ago , it looked the same so I saved a lot my doing that !
I do n't mind wearing things from other people , the dress , the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The ceremony went by fast and after that I went home to get everything ready for the small family gathering that was happening at 5pm .
All the food was all figured out by my amazing mother so I did n't have to spend any money on that .
The night was so fun , I spent it with my friends and family , and I ended up getting a lot of money as gifts from my family .
The last thing I did was go out for KFC with my best @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
I did n't do a lot on this day .
I had work early that morning and the only thing I spent money on were two things for my mother .
Those things cost about 4,800 króna , a lip balm and a foam cleanser .
I was happy to finally just get to relax at home .
I ate dinner with my family so I did n't spend any money on food that day , I did n't do that much today either .
I just had work again this morning @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of waking up early I had a very big nap .
When I woke up for dinner I got a phone call from my aunt and she asked me if I was interested to go see the new Star Wars movie - yes !
I took a bus , again I have a bus card so I did n't have to pay anything for that .
She had already bought a ticket so I saved money on that because my aunt is amazing .
I offered to buy popcorn for us so I @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
On Saturday I just had a calm day at home so I did n't do anything special or spend any money .
On Sunday I met my aunt , again .
( Yes we are pretty close even though she is 11 years older than me ! )
We went to the mall , as she was trying to find some gifts .
I bought a white pen that I needed that was 250 króna but after this we drove to her place and we just spent the day watching horror movies @ @ @ @ @ @ @ week ?
The week was a very busy one , I spent a bit more money on food than I would usually do but since I was rarely at home it just happened that way .
I also spent a huge sum of money on something I have wanted to do for so long , go to a concert .
I am excited for that , even though it was a huge amount of money .
I think that 's what I 'm most happy about this week .
I do also want @ @ @ @ @ @ @ people online .
There are so many groups on Facebook that can help with all different occasions , you do n't need to buy a very expensive dress to feel beautiful .
Facebook has a bunch of places you can find free stuff , stuff for a low price and such .
I highly recommend looking through some pages if you are ever in trouble .

The week was a very busy one, I spent a bit more money on food than I would usually do but since I was rarely at home it just happened that way. I also spent a huge sum of money on something I have wanted to do for so long, go to a concert. I am excited for that, even though it was a huge amount of money. I think that's what I'm most happy about this week. I do also want to point out the amount of kind people online.


bbc--2020-01-23--Aung San Suu Kyi: Myanmar democracy icon who fell from grace

She was once seen as a beacon for universal human rights - a principled activist willing to give up her freedom to stand up to the ruthless army generals who ruled Myanmar for decades .
In 1991 , `` The Lady '' , as Aung San Suu Kyi is known , was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize , and the committee chairman called her `` an outstanding example of the power of the powerless '' .
But since becoming Myanmar 's de facto leader in 2016 after a democratic opening up , Ms Suu Kyi has been rounded on by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ once supported her .
Outraged by the exodus of hundreds of thousands of Rohingya Muslims from Myanmar into neighbouring Bangladesh as a result of an army crackdown , they have accused her of doing nothing to stop rape , murder and possible genocide by refusing to condemn the powerful military or acknowledge accounts of atrocities .
Her few remaining international supporters initially tried to argue she was a pragmatic politician trying to govern a multi-ethnic country with a complex history and a Buddhist majority that holds little sympathy for the Rohingya .
But @ @ @ @ @ @ @ wake of a UN court ruling remains to be seen .
Nick Beake , the BBC 's Myanmar correspondent , suggests the ruling ordering the country to take emergency measures to prevent genocide has obliterated what little remained of her international reputation .
Her attempts to justify the actions of the military - which still has serious political power and refuses to relinquish control of the security forces - has destroyed the firewall which used to separate the two , he says .
It is a fall from grace for this once towering @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Ms Suu Kyi , now 74 , spent much of her time between 1989 and 2010 in some form of detention because of her efforts to bring democracy to then military-ruled Myanmar ( also known as Burma ) - a fact that made her an international symbol of peaceful resistance in the face of oppression .
She led the National League for Democracy ( NLD ) to a majority win in Myanmar 's first openly contested election for 25 years in November 2015 .
The win came five years to the day since @ @ @ @ @ @ @ house arrest .
Although the Myanmar constitution forbids her from becoming president because she has children who are foreign nationals , Ms Suu Kyi is widely seen as de facto leader .
Her official title is state counsellor .
The President , Win Myint , is a close aide .
Aung San Suu Kyi is the daughter of Myanmar 's independence hero , General Aung San .
He was assassinated during the transition period in July 1947 , just six months before independence , when Ms Suu Kyi was only two .
In @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mother Daw Khin Kyi , who had been appointed Myanmar 's ambassador in Delhi .
Four years later she went to Oxford University in the UK , where she studied philosophy , politics and economics .
There she met her future husband , academic Michael Aris .
After stints of living and working in Japan and Bhutan , she settled in the UK to raise their two children , Alexander and Kim , but Myanmar was never far from her thoughts .
When she arrived back in Rangoon ( now Yangon ) in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ill mother - Myanmar was in the midst of major political upheaval .
Thousands of students , office workers and monks took to the streets demanding democratic reform .
`` I could not as my father 's daughter remain indifferent to all that was going on , '' she said in a speech in Rangoon on 26 August 1988 , and was propelled into leading the revolt against the then-dictator , General Ne Win .
Inspired by the non-violent campaigns of US civil rights leader Martin Luther King and India 's Mahatma Gandhi @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the country , calling for peaceful democratic reform and free elections .
• Has Suu Kyi turned her back on a free press ?
But the demonstrations were brutally suppressed by the army , which seized power in a coup on 18 September 1988 .
Ms Suu Kyi was placed under house arrest the following year .
The military government called national elections in May 1990 which Ms Suu Kyi 's NLD convincingly won - but the junta refused to hand over control .
Ms Suu Kyi remained under house arrest in Rangoon @ @ @ @ @ @ @ released in July 1995 .
She was again put under house arrest in September 2000 , when she tried to travel to the city of Mandalay in defiance of travel restrictions .
She was released unconditionally in May 2002 , but just over a year later she was imprisoned after a clash between her supporters and a government-backed mob .
She was later allowed to return home - but again under effective house arrest .
At times she was able to meet other NLD officials and selected diplomats , but during the early @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
She was not allowed to see her two sons or her husband , who died of cancer in March 1999 .
The military authorities had offered to allow her to travel to the UK to see him when he was gravely ill , but she felt compelled to refuse for fear she would not be allowed back into the country .
Ms Suu Kyi was sidelined from Myanmar 's first elections in two decades on 7 November 2010 but released from house arrest six days later .
Her son Kim was allowed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in a decade .
As the new government embarked on a process of reform , Ms Suu Kyi and her party rejoined the political process .
When by-elections were held in April 2012 , to fill seats vacated by politicians who had taken government posts , she and her party contested seats , despite reservations .
They won 43 of the 45 seats contested , in an emphatic statement of support , and she was sworn in as an MP and leader of the opposition .
The following May , she left Myanmar @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , in a sign of apparent confidence that its new leaders would allow her to return .
However , she became frustrated with the pace of democratic development .
In November 2014 , she warned that Myanmar had not made any real reforms and that the US - which dropped most of its sanctions against the country in 2012 - had been `` overly optimistic '' in the past .
And in June 2015 , a vote in Myanmar 's parliament failed to remove the army 's veto over constitutional change .
Four @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Myanmar held its first openly contested election in 25 years .
The NLD won a landslide victory .
Although she was not allowed to become president because of a constitutional restriction barring candidates with foreign spouses or children , Ms Suu Kyi became de facto leader in 2016 , in a `` state counsellor '' role .
Since then , her leadership has been defined by the Rohingya crisis .
After deadly attacks on police stations in Rakhine state in August 2017 , Myanmar 's army began a brutal crackdown against the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to flee across the border to Bangladesh .
Critics say Ms Suu Kyi did not do nearly enough to condemn the military .
Myanmar now faces a lawsuit at the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) based in The Hague , and Ms Suu Kyi has travelled to the Netherlands to fight the charges of genocide levelled against her country .
In January 2020 , the court 's initial ruling ordered the country to take emergency measures to protect the Rohingya from genocide .
• Will Omar get justice for his murdered @ @ @ @ @ @ @ How a 'genocide ' was investigated Since taking power , apart from the Rohingya crisis , Ms Suu Kyi and her NLD government have also faced criticism for prosecuting journalists and activists using colonial-era laws .
Progress has been made in some areas , but the military continues to hold a quarter of parliamentary seats and control of key ministries including defence , home affairs and border affairs .
In August 2018 , Ms Suu Kyi described the generals in her cabinet as `` rather sweet '' .
Myanmar 's democratic transition , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .

Derek Mitchell, former US Ambassador to Myanmar told the BBC: "The story of Aung San Suu Kyi is as much about us as it is about her. She may not have changed. She may have been consistent and we just didn't know the full complexity of who she is.


bbc--2020-01-23--Does Russia's new culture minister hate the arts?

Russia 's new culture minister , Olga Lyubimova , has experience of film and TV production but she apparently once wrote `` I 'm not bloody cultured at all '' .
She is part of the new government team under Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin .
The blunt views on culture were summed up in a 2008 blog which complains `` I simply ca n't stand going to exhibitions , museums , opera '' .
BBC Monitoring says the details match Ms Lyubimova 's biographical data and appear to be genuine .
Ballet and classical music were also listed among her @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Kropalik blog on the LiveJournal platform was in 2010 .
It has not been verified by the BBC and the culture ministry has yet to comment .
It is not clear why she would be disdainful about the arts , considering that she has devoted her career to cultural matters .
Further on the blog says : `` I 've been to Paris , but not to the Louvre ...
I have n't been on a gondola trip on the Venice canals .
`` I 've been to the British Museum , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ European and Russian museums and reckon I wasted my time there . ''
Ms Lyubimova , 39 , became a TV correspondent in 2001 .
Her parents were prominent figures in the Russian theatre world .
She graduated in journalism from the prestigious Moscow State University ( MGU ) .
In her TV career she specialised in documentaries and other programmes covering Orthodox Church topics .
From 2016 she was in charge of social and media programmes on Channel One , Russia 's premier state-owned TV channel .
Russian opposition leader and anti-corruption @ @ @ @ @ @ @ her sporting a provocative T-shirt .
It bears the message : `` Who are you ?
What do you want ?
I do n't know you '' , followed by an obscene remark .
Before her promotion she headed the cinema department under her predecessor as culture minister , Vladimir Medinsky , who has been made President Vladimir Putin 's adviser on culture .
Mr Medinsky 's tenure was marked by controversies over cultural censorship , including a ban on screening the hit British comedy The Death of Stalin .
He acted often @ @ @ @ @ @ @ foreign films .
The colourful 2008 blog post was tweeted by Ilya Shumanov of anti-corruption group Transparency International , and several others .
`` Clearly you could have appointed such a person to whatever job , just not to head Russia 's cultural policy , '' he wrote .
Despite her years of involvement with cinema , Ms Lyubimova is said to have written : `` I ca n't watch the vast majority of documentary films '' and `` I do n't understand a bloody thing about arthouse cinema '' .
She has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
A famous Russian film critic , Anton Dolin of Iskusstvo Kino ( Film Art ) magazine , said on Facebook : `` I 've known Olga Lyubimova for quite some time ... Today I 'm sincerely happy that Russia has as culture minister a young , intelligent , educated , pragmatic woman devoid of fanaticism or cynicism '' .
In his view `` she loves culture , or at least , cinema '' .
As an aide to President Putin , Mr Medinsky 's influence is set to remain strong .
• @ @ @ @ @ @ @ which academic experts found to be lacking in scholarly rigour • His defence of the `` sacred legend '' of the 28 Panfilovtsy : Soviet soldiers who were claimed to have stopped 50 Nazi tanks , but whose feat was revealed to be fiction • His claim that Russians `` have an extra chromosome '' , judging by their remarkable recovery from 20th-Century disasters • He labelled fans of comics `` morons '' because `` comics are for people who are poor at reading '' .

The last entry in the Kropalik blog on the LiveJournal platform was in 2010. It has not been verified by the BBC and the culture ministry has yet to comment.


bbc--2020-01-23--Mehdi Rajabian was sent to prison for making music - but he says that won't stop him

Mehdi Rajabian could be arrested at any moment .
The 30-year-old has already been imprisoned twice for making music the Iranian authorities considered unacceptable .
The first time , he was kept in solitary confinement for three months - but the second saw him jailed for six years and forbidden from engaging in musical activities forever .
Currently on probation , he 's continued to make music in defiance of the regime 's ban .
The result is an album , Middle Eastern , that was released by Sony Music last year .
Recorded in secrecy , it features contributions @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , including Syria , Yemen , Jordan , Lebanon and Iraq .
Many of the musicians faced similar persecution to Rajabian .
One of the songs was recorded during an air strike , another by a fleeing refugee in a boat .
Each track is accompanied by a painting from Kurdish artist Zehra Doğan , who was herself imprisoned for nearly three years for making art that offended the Turkish government .
And yet , the message is one of peace and unity .
Working together in isolation , these disparate artists have @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the region 's music .
`` I feel like , in this period of time and history , Middle Eastern countries needed a project like this , '' Rajabian tells the BBC via a secure messaging app from his home in Sari , in the north of Iran .
`` Middle Eastern inhabitants are all tormented by the same pain ... but music is a common language we can use to convey our sufferings .
`` This project is a 'no ' to war , meaning any kind of war and human rights @ @ @ @ @ @ @ arrived during Rajabian 's second prison term , when he was forced to share a cell with Somalian pirates .
`` They would sing me their folk music , '' recalls the musician , who still has some handwritten poetry from their leader , `` one of the 10 most violent men in the world '' .
The experience taught him that music ca n't be suppressed , even when you lock up the musicians .
`` That 's why I wrote a project for freedom and peace in prison , '' he @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 2013 , when the Islamic Revolutionary Guard raided his office , shut down his recording studio and confiscated all his hard drives .
Back then , he was running a record label that championed female musicians , and was working on an album , The History of Iran Narrated By Setar , which he described as being about the `` absurdity '' of the Iran-Iraq war .
Accused of distributing `` underground music , including many whose lyrics and messages were deemed offensive to the Iranian authorities or the country 's religion , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Rajabian says he spent 90 days in solitary confinement , blindfolded and unaware of his surroundings .
He was eventually released on bail but , in 2015 , was arrested again - this time with his film-maker brother , Hossein Rajabian - and sentenced to six years in prison , after a three-minute trial .
In protest , the brothers went on hunger strike for 40 days .
Rajabian says he lost 15kg and vomited blood .
His cellmate , a human rights activist called Vahid Sayadi Nasiri , also took part in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Organisations such as Amnesty International and Freemuse fought for his release , supported by celebrities including Johnny Depp , Peter Gabriel and Ai Weiwei ; and his sentence was eventually cut to three years in jail with a further three years on suspended sentence .
Yet he is still dealing with the repercussions of those experiences .
At one point , the musician was thought to have developed muscular dystrophy as a result of the interrogations he endured .
Starvation has also damaged his ability to play the setar .
Despite everything , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ next project could be his riskiest yet .
Once again , Rajabian has plans to record female singers - who are still banned from singing in front of male audiences ( except relatives ) in Iran .
`` Right now , I 'm working on its instrumentals and then [ I will ] connect with female singers , '' says Rajabian .
`` A number of female singers from various Middle Eastern countries , who will tell a story , piece by piece , until they all unite in the end . ''
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` it is a crime to contact me and many [ people ] are afraid to follow up '' his requests .
But he plans to orchestrate the album online , patching together a network of like-minded artists and breaking down musical borders .
`` I 'm going to work on this project , even if I go back to prison , '' he insists .
After the 1979 's Revolution , Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini banned the broadcast of music on TV or radio , arguing that it made the human brain `` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ music and religious songs were considered permissible , and almost all Iran 's pop singers left for the USA .
Gradually , classical Persian music , under the banner of Sufi music began to resurface .
But in the 1990s , a parallel Iran was developing under the skin of the major cities , with young people crafting their own instruments and making their own unofficial songs ( which were only broadcast on the BBC Persian request programme ) .
In early 2000 , after a relaxation on the laws around music , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and , through the internet , underground music which was percolating behind closed doors began to spread out .
Bands were playing rock , fusion , rap and alternative folk .
And they all talked about a different Iran , an Iran that wants to be modern and level with the rest of the world .
Mehdi Rajabian is from the later generation of these Children Of The Revolution - and an important underground voice in Iran 's music scene .
The musician is motivated by hope and a determination to use his @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the darkness .
`` In the Middle East , an instrument can be as powerful as a gun , and as forbidden as carrying one , '' Rajabian explains .
`` In a society where inhuman incidents are happening everywhere , art can record and echo [ them ] in history .
Art exposes truth - and doing so always comes with consequences [ in ] totalitarian regimes and dictatorships .
`` In the first step , the artist loses their normal living situation due to the pressure the regime applies to them @ @ @ @ @ @ @ but the outcome is people being aware .
This brings light to society , so they would stand in front of the system as well . ''
Rajabian is putting his life on the line in pursuit of that goal - but he truly believes his efforts will make a difference .
`` No power can stop independent art , '' he concludes .
`` Art is my weapon and I stand before any power . ''
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If you have a story @ @ @ @ @ @

In early 2000, after a relaxation on the laws around music, the pop market opened up in Iran and, through the internet, underground music which was percolating behind closed doors began to spread out. Bands were playing rock, fusion, rap and alternative folk. And they all talked about a different Iran, an Iran that wants to be modern and level with the rest of the world.


bbc--2020-01-23--Back in the limelight: The man who wants to oust Maduro

On 23 January 2019 , a little-known Venezuelan lawmaker took the oath of office declaring himself interim president in front of a crowd of cheering supporters in central Caracas .
It was a bold move by the youngest person to have been elected to lead the National Assembly .
Thirty-five years old at the time , Juan Guaidó was chosen for the post after better-known candidates were arrested or had gone into political exile .
In a rousing speech , he argued that the 2018 re-election of President Nicolás Maduro was illegitimate and that the presidency was vacant .
With @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it was now up to him as the Speaker of the National Assembly , the only institution controlled by the opposition , to lead the country out of the economic and political crisis it was mired in .
He promised an `` end to the usurpation [ of President Nicolas Maduro ] , [ to create ] a transitional government and have free elections '' .
He was quickly recognised as the legitimate leader by the US , Venezuela 's neighbours Brazil and Colombia and many other Latin American countries .
The list @ @ @ @ @ @ @ soon grew to more than 50 .
Many Venezuelans cheered him and his prediction that he would be governing from the presidential palace `` within months '' .
They also applauded his promise to bring in humanitarian aid to alleviate widespread shortages of basic goods .
But a plan to deliver US-backed aid in trucks from Colombia into Venezuela on 23 February 2019 turned out to be one of his first major setbacks .
The government of President Maduro blocked the border crossing and chaotic scenes ensued during which a truck caught fire @ @ @ @ @ @ @ said President Maduro 's security forces had set the truck alight on purpose but a New York Times investigation later revealed that it had caught fire when a petrol bomb thrown by a supporter of Mr Guaidó landed on the lorry .
Many supporters of Mr Guaidó were disappointed when the promised aid did not reach them and attendance at rallies he called dwindled .
A little over two months later , on 30 April 2019 , Mr Guaidó appeared in a video surrounded by men in uniform and declared that members of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ him to bring about `` the definitive cessation of the usurpation '' .
But his attempt at getting the armed forces to switch sides failed as only a few dozen soldiers joined him .
The government of Nicolás Maduro labelled it an attempted coup and cracked down even harder on the opposition .
Mr Guaidó came under further criticism from parts of the opposition for sending representatives to exploratory talks with the Venezuelan government held in Norway .
The talks quickly stalled with Mr Guaidó 's detractors saying it was further proof that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Mr Maduro .
A year on from his election as Speaker , the limits of Mr Guaidó 's powers were brought into sharp focus when the National Guard barred him from entering the National Assembly building .
Government supporters ridiculed Mr Guaidó for failing to clamber over the metal railings surrounding the building as police pushed him back .
They said the scene was `` ridiculous '' and that he had been `` humiliated '' .
But the scenes of police in riot gear surrounding the legislative palace and denying entry to an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ outside of Venezuela .
It thrust Mr Guaidó back into the limelight and governments which had not come out in his support previously , such as Mexico , did and condemned the harassment he had suffered .
Following his re-election as Speaker , Mr Guaidó defied a travel ban against him to slip across the border to Colombia , where he was received with full presidential honours .
He also embarked on a tour of Europe to drum up support for `` concrete measures '' to remove Mr Maduro from office .
But @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Post that he has `` outfoxed '' his opponents it is hard to see how Mr Guaidó can make good on his promise to remove the socialist leader from office in the short term .

With the constitution in hand, he said it was now up to him as the Speaker of the National Assembly, the only institution controlled by the opposition, to lead the country out of the economic and political crisis it was mired in.


bbc--2020-01-23--'Toxic, embarrassing, worst squad in 30 years' - pundits and fans on Man Utd defeat

Manchester United 's latest defeat has seen the atmosphere turn `` toxic '' at Old Trafford , says former midfielder Darren Fletcher .
Ole Gunnar Solskjaer 's team were booed off the pitch after a 2-0 home defeat by Burnley left them six points off a Champions League spot .
`` The scenes in the stadium were n't good , '' said Fletcher , a five-time Premier League winner with United .
`` The chanting , the atmosphere really turned toxic for the first time . ''
• Man Utd jeered as Burnley win at Old Trafford On a bitterly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Chris Wood and Jay Rodriguez earned Burnley a first ever Premier League win at Old Trafford .
Since Solskjaer was made permanent manager in March , United have lost more Premier League games ( 12 ) than they have won ( 11 ) .
They are fifth in the table - a massive 30 points behind leaders Liverpool , who have two games in hand .
By the time Jonathan Moss blew the final whistle on Wednesday , thousands of United fans had already left Old Trafford .
Fletcher fears the atmosphere at @ @ @ @ @ @ @ players if it does not improve .
`` At the minute you can see with every setback these youngsters are just sinking , '' he added on BBC Radio 5 Live .
`` The scrutiny and the pressure that these kids are under - it was difficult for me coming into the team and I was surrounded by world-class players left , right and centre .
`` These lads do n't have that support network around them and they are really finding it difficult .
`` It might make a few of them @ @ @ @ @ @ @ will probably break a few of them as well , which is really disappointing . ''
During the game , fans vented their frustration with vitriolic chants against United 's executive vice-chairman Ed Woodward and the club 's owners the Glazer family .
Ian Dennis , senior football reporter for BBC Radio 5 Live , who was commentating at Old Trafford , said : `` Regardless of your opinion of Ed Woodward , you can not ask for someone to die .
`` If you want to be anti the board then sing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ singing that about a human being is an absolute outrage .
The chanting is an absolute disgrace . ''
Asked about his thoughts on the chanting , Solskjaer said after the game : `` For me it 's important that we stick together .
`` Help the players , help the team and help the club to move forward .
I think everyone knows when they have overstepped the line . ''
Former United defender Rio Ferdinand labelled the night an `` embarrassment '' and urged those in charge of the club to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ defend this .
What has been invested ? ''
Ferdinand , who won six Premier League titles and one Champions League at United between 2002-2014 , told BT Sport .
`` These young kids now in schools around the country , they are not going to be wearing Manchester United shirts .
`` They are not going to be wanting to come here and support Manchester United based on what you are seeing out there .
It 's just not going to happen , fans are walking out after 84 minutes .
`` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the top need to look and see this and make changes , put a plan in place that people can sit there and see where we are going now .
I do n't see it . ''
Former Tottenham and Liverpool forward Peter Crouch described United 's squad as `` the worst in the last 30 years '' .
Speaking on BT Sport , the ex-England player added : `` Look at the options off the bench .
It is miles off it .
`` I do n't know what a Manchester United @ @ @ @ @ @ @ players that Manchester United have bought in the last five years have gone backwards . ''
' I do n't think Solskjaer will last' Solskjaer signed a three-year contract when he was appointed permanent boss last March after a successful stint as caretaker .
Speaking on Match of the Day , former Arsenal defender Martin Keown questioned whether Solskjaer would still be in charge at the start of next season .
`` I do n't think he is going to last beyond the end of the season .
I know people are saying @ @ @ @ @ @ @ this is Manchester United , it is a massive football club . ''
Phil Neville , a former player and coach at United who was also on Match of the Day , disagreed with Keown .
`` I think they have got to stick with him , '' added Neville .
`` The squad to me looks light , it looks inexperienced , it looks weighed down by the expectation .
`` I think they need two signings in this window to have any kind of success this season .
`` United are @ @ @ @ @ @ @ time and people have got to accept it . ''
'We 'll be back - but not in the short-term ' - social media reaction Terry Urbanczyk : It 's either Ole or Woodward .
I know how that will end as the share price is the most important thing and not the football .
Football is poor , Old Trafford left to get run down .
Chasing the money is what the Glazers are about .
Joe : Sacking Solskjaer is not the answer .
These so-called United fans calling him to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and Glazers go nothing changes .
Fergie was only successful due to his skills at calling the shots as well as his management skills .
Ole does n't have total control due to Woodward , neither did Jose , Louis or Moyes so support the football team and complain about owners .
We 'll be back but not in the short-term .
Knowledgeable football fans know and understand that .
Dan : How I 've sat through nearly 70 minutes of this diabolical excuse of a United performance , I do not know @ @ @ @ @ @ @ threat ... WAN-BISSAKA .
The player known best for tackling well .
Good job we 're busy in the transfer window ... oh wait .
Sukhraj : Absolutely horrific football from Man Utd .
What was Ole doing ALL summer ?
How does Woodward get to keep his job after that last seven years ?
It 's woeful stuff .
Empty seats at Old Trafford should have alarm bells ringing .
Marlo : Liverpool keeper Alisson has more Premier League assists this season than Fred .

Last updated on .From the section Man Utd
Man Utd 'not good enough' and 'lacking ideas' - Solskjaer
Manchester United's latest defeat has seen the atmosphere turn "toxic" at Old Trafford, says former midfielder Darren Fletcher.
Ole Gunnar Solskjaer's team were booed off the pitch after a 2-0 home defeat by Burnley left them six points off a Champions League spot.
"The scenes in the stadium weren't good," said Fletcher, a five-time Premier League winner with United.
"The chanting, the atmosphere really turned toxic for the first time."
On a bitterly disappointing night for United, goals by Chris Wood and Jay Rodriguez earned Burnley a first ever Premier League win at Old Trafford.
Since Solskjaer was made permanent manager in March, United have lost more Premier League games (12) than they have won (11).
They are fifth in the table - a massive 30 points behind leaders Liverpool, who have two games in hand.
By the time Jonathan Moss blew the final whistle on Wednesday, thousands of United fans had already left Old Trafford.
Fletcher fears the atmosphere at Old Trafford could hurt United's younger players if it does not improve.
Home fans were leaving before the end of the game as Manchester United headed for defeat
"At the minute you can see with every setback these youngsters are just sinking," he added on BBC Radio 5 Live.
"The scrutiny and the pressure that these kids are under - it was difficult for me coming into the team and I was surrounded by world-class players left, right and centre.
"These lads don't have that support network around them and they are really finding it difficult.
"It might make a few of them, but at the same time it will probably break a few of them as well, which is really disappointing."
During the game, fans vented their frustration with vitriolic chants against United's executive vice-chairman Ed Woodward and the club's owners the Glazer family.
Ian Dennis, senior football reporter for BBC Radio 5 Live, who was commentating at Old Trafford, said: "Regardless of your opinion of Ed Woodward, you cannot ask for someone to die.
"If you want to be anti the board then sing 'sack the board', but individuals singing that about a human being is an absolute outrage. The chanting is an absolute disgrace."
Asked about his thoughts on the chanting, Solskjaer said after the game: "For me it's important that we stick together.
"Help the players, help the team and help the club to move forward. I think everyone knows when they have overstepped the line."
'Embarrassing night'
Former United defender Rio Ferdinand labelled the night an "embarrassment" and urged those in charge of the club to take action.
"I can't defend this. What has been invested?" Ferdinand, who won six Premier League titles and one Champions League at United between 2002-2014, told BT Sport.
"These young kids now in schools around the country, they are not going to be wearing Manchester United shirts.
"They are not going to be wanting to come here and support Manchester United based on what you are seeing out there. It's just not going to happen, fans are walking out after 84 minutes.
"It's an embarrassment. People at the top need to look and see this and make changes, put a plan in place that people can sit there and see where we are going now. I don't see it."
Ex-Manchester United defender Rio Ferdinand said fans leaving so early was unheard of at Old Trafford
Former Tottenham and Liverpool forward Peter Crouch described United's squad as "the worst in the last 30 years".
Speaking on BT Sport, the ex-England player added: "Look at the options off the bench. It is miles off it.
"I don't know what a Manchester United player is anymore. Most of the players that Manchester United have bought in the last five years have gone backwards."
'I don't think Solskjaer will last'
Solskjaer signed a three-year contract when he was appointed permanent boss last March after a successful stint as caretaker.
Speaking on Match of the Day, former Arsenal defender Martin Keown questioned whether Solskjaer would still be in charge at the start of next season.
Solskjaer won't last beyond this season - Martin Keown
"Alarm bells are ringing," said Keown.
"I don't think he is going to last beyond the end of the season. I know people are saying he should be given more time but this is Manchester United, it is a massive football club."
Phil Neville, a former player and coach at United who was also on Match of the Day, disagreed with Keown.
"I think they have got to stick with him," added Neville.
"The squad to me looks light, it looks inexperienced, it looks weighed down by the expectation.
"I think they need two signings in this window to have any kind of success this season.
"United are where they are at this moment in time and people have got to accept it."
'We'll be back - but not in the short-term' - social media reaction
Terry Urbanczyk: It's either Ole or Woodward. I know how that will end as the share price is the most important thing and not the football. Football is poor, Old Trafford left to get run down. Chasing the money is what the Glazers are about.
Joe: Sacking Solskjaer is not the answer. These so-called United fans calling him to go should get real. Until Woodward and Glazers go nothing changes. Fergie was only successful due to his skills at calling the shots as well as his management skills. Ole doesn't have total control due to Woodward, neither did Jose, Louis or Moyes so support the football team and complain about owners. We'll be back but not in the short-term. Knowledgeable football fans know and understand that.
Dan: How I've sat through nearly 70 minutes of this diabolical excuse of a United performance, I do not know. Wan-Bissaka has been our greatest goal threat...WAN-BISSAKA. The player known best for tackling well. Good job we're busy in the transfer window...oh wait.
Sukhraj: Absolutely horrific football from Man Utd. What was Ole doing ALL summer? How does Woodward get to keep his job after that last seven years? It's woeful stuff. Empty seats at Old Trafford should have alarm bells ringing.
Marlo: Liverpool keeper Alisson has more Premier League assists this season than Fred.


bbc--2020-01-23--Australian Open: Rafael Nadal, Dominic Thiem, Daniil Medvedev, into third round

World number one Rafael Nadal reached the third round of the Australian Open with a straight-set win over Argentina 's Federico Delbonis .
The Spaniard will face compatriot and 27th seed Pablo Carreno Busta next .
There were battling five-set wins for seeds Dominic Thiem and Karen Khachanov on the fourth day in Melbourne , and an entertaining victory for Nick Kyrgios .
Nadal has not won the Australian Open since 2009 but he has entered this year 's first Grand Slam as the top seed .
While he was made to work against Delbonis during the second set , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ up the match quicker , converting just three of 20 break points .
Nadal also kissed a ballgirl on the cheek and gave her a headband after he accidentally struck her during a rally .
`` I was so scared for her - the ball was quick and straight on to her , '' Nadal said .
Russian 16th seed Khachanov fought for four hours and 36 minutes to overcome Sweden 's Mikael Ymer .
Khachanov collapsed to the floor - and then struggled to stand with cramp - after sealing a 6-2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ victory over his 78th-ranked opponent .
He will face Kyrgios next after the Australian 's victory over Gilles Simon .
Fifth seed Thiem came through a five-set thriller of his own against Australian wildcard Alex Bolt .
Thiem , one of the fittest players on tour , ultimately outlasted his opponent in three hours and 26 minutes to set up a meeting with American Taylor Fritz .
`` The crowd was very fair .
Of course they were for Alex , he 's an Aussie , that 's completely obvious , '' Thiem @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to play in front of a full crowd that 's against you than an empty one . ''
Fourth seed Daniil Medvedev reached the third round with a straight-set win over Spanish qualifier Pedro Martinez .
The 23-year-old , beaten in September 's US Open final , had a nosebleed in the second set but won 7-5 6-1 6-3 on Margaret Court Arena .
Germany 's seventh seed Alexander Zverev , who has yet to go beyond the fourth round in Australia , beat Belarusian Egor Gerasimov 7-6 ( 7-5 ) 6-4 7-5 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Melbourne third round for the first time in his career with a straight-set win over Aljaz Bedene .
Gulbis , a former world number 10 who has fallen to 256 in the rankings , won 7-5 6-3 6-2 and will face French 10th seed Gael Monfils next .
American John Isner claimed an unusually swift win , taking just 85 minutes to beat Chilean qualifier Alejandro Tabilo 6-4 6-3 6-3 .
Big-serving Isner , who has played in the two longest matches in professional tennis history , hit 32 aces .
Kevin @ @ @ @ @ @ @ record-breaking Wimbledon semi-final in 2018 , was beaten 4-6 6-7 ( 5-7 ) 7-6 ( 7-4 ) 6-2 6-2 by Fritz .
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Last updated on .From the section Tennis
Rafael Nadal kissed a ballgirl on the cheek after she was hit by one of his returns
2020 Australian Open Venue: Melbourne Park Dates: 20 January to 2 February Coverage: Listen on BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra and online; Live text on selected matches on the BBC Sport website and app.
World number one Rafael Nadal reached the third round of the Australian Open with a straight-set win over Argentina's Federico Delbonis.
Nadal, bidding for a record-equalling 20th Grand Slam title, swept aside 76th-ranked Delbonis 6-3 7-6 (7-4) 6-1.
The Spaniard will face compatriot and 27th seed Pablo Carreno Busta next.
There were battling five-set wins for seeds Dominic Thiem and Karen Khachanov on the fourth day in Melbourne, and an entertaining victory for Nick Kyrgios.
Nadal has not won the Australian Open since 2009 but he has entered this year's first Grand Slam as the top seed.
While he was made to work against Delbonis during the second set, the Spaniard had his chances to wrap up the match quicker, converting just three of 20 break points.
Nadal also kissed a ballgirl on the cheek and gave her a headband after he accidentally struck her during a rally.
"I was so scared for her - the ball was quick and straight on to her," Nadal said.
"She's a super brave girl."
Thiem & Khachanov battle through
Karen Khachanov fell to the floor in exhaustion after his four-hour match against Mikael Ymer
Russian 16th seed Khachanov fought for four hours and 36 minutes to overcome Sweden's Mikael Ymer.
Khachanov collapsed to the floor - and then struggled to stand with cramp - after sealing a 6-2 2-6 6-4 3-6 7-6 (10-8) victory over his 78th-ranked opponent.
He will face Kyrgios next after the Australian's victory over Gilles Simon.
Fifth seed Thiem came through a five-set thriller of his own against Australian wildcard Alex Bolt.
Two-time French Open finalist Thiem overcame world number 140 Bolt 6-2 5-7 6-7 (5-7) 6-1 6-2.
Thiem, one of the fittest players on tour, ultimately outlasted his opponent in three hours and 26 minutes to set up a meeting with American Taylor Fritz.
"The crowd was very fair. Of course they were for Alex, he's an Aussie, that's completely obvious," Thiem said.
"But it's nice to play in front of a full crowd that's against you than an empty one."
Medvedev & Zverev advance
Daniil Medvedev received treatment after suffering a nosebleed when he led 5-0 in the second set
Fourth seed Daniil Medvedev reached the third round with a straight-set win over Spanish qualifier Pedro Martinez.
The 23-year-old, beaten in September's US Open final, had a nosebleed in the second set but won 7-5 6-1 6-3 on Margaret Court Arena.
Germany's seventh seed Alexander Zverev, who has yet to go beyond the fourth round in Australia, beat Belarusian Egor Gerasimov 7-6 (7-5) 6-4 7-5.
Qualifier Ernests Gulbis of Latvia reached the Melbourne third round for the first time in his career with a straight-set win over Aljaz Bedene.
Gulbis, a former world number 10 who has fallen to 256 in the rankings, won 7-5 6-3 6-2 and will face French 10th seed Gael Monfils next.
Monfils fought back to beat 40-year-old Croatian Ivo Karlovic 4-6 7-6 (10-8) 6-4 7-5.
American John Isner claimed an unusually swift win, taking just 85 minutes to beat Chilean qualifier Alejandro Tabilo 6-4 6-3 6-3.
Big-serving Isner, who has played in the two longest matches in professional tennis history, hit 32 aces.
Kevin Anderson, who played Isner in the record-breaking Wimbledon semi-final in 2018, was beaten 4-6 6-7 (5-7) 7-6 (7-4) 6-2 6-2 by Fritz.


bbc--2020-01-23--Australian Open 2020: Nick Kyrgios & Gilles Simon mimic Rafael Nadal

Nick Kyrgios reached the Australian Open third round by beating Gilles Simon , with both players mimicking Rafael Nadal 's service routine .
Both he and Frenchman Simon copied the Spaniard 's routine after they were given time violations , and Kyrgios has previously criticised Nadal for the time he takes between points The two could meet in the fourth round .
`` There were n't any extracurricular activities I was doing before my serve to waste time , '' Kyrgios said .
The Australian has previously described Nadal as `` super salty '' .
Asked whose impression was better @ @ @ @ @ @ @ n't wear underwear , so probably Gilles ' . ''
When asked about the incident , Nadal said : `` Honestly , I do n't care at all .
If was funny , good .
That 's it . ''
Nadal was irritated when Kyrgios served underarm in their meeting in Acapulco last year and has previously said the 24-year-old `` lacks respect '' .
World number one Nadal , who beat Argentina 's Federico Delbonis in straight sets on Thursday , has a 4-3 head-to-head lead over Kyrgios , but the Australian @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , the 23rd seed , said he was not thinking about the rest of the tournament or who he could meet in future rounds .
• Top 10 women all advance to third round ' I could have gone to a very dark place' The Australian appeared on course for a swift victory , breaking his 61st-ranked opponent at the start of each set and leading 4-2 in the third .
However , Simon hit back to win four games in a row before Kyrgios , lifted by the packed crowd , found @ @ @ @ @ @ @ set .
`` I could have gone to a very dark place in the fourth set but I put it away , '' Kyrgios said .
`` I definitely lost my way a little bit .
It would have been very interesting if it went to a fifth set . ''
Kyrgios also apologised to his player box , saying it was `` not acceptable '' for him to take out his third-set frustrations on them .
`` I apologised as soon as I went back into the locker room .
They do @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
`` They do a lot of things for me on and off the court . ''
Kyrgios hit 28 aces against Simon and will donate A $ 200 for each one to the bushfire appeal .
Legendary former player John McEnroe has also said he will contribute A $ 1,000 to the appeal for each set Kyrgios wins in the tournament .
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Last updated on .From the section Tennis
Nick Kyrgios is in the same quarter of the draw as world number one Rafael Nadal
2020 Australian Open Venue: Melbourne Park Dates: 20 January to 2 February Coverage: Listen on BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra and online; Live text on selected matches on the BBC Sport website and app.
Nick Kyrgios reached the Australian Open third round by beating Gilles Simon, with both players mimicking Rafael Nadal's service routine.
Both he and Frenchman Simon copied the Spaniard's routine external-link after they were given time violations, and Kyrgios has previously criticised Nadal for the time he takes between points
The two could meet in the fourth round.
"There weren't any extracurricular activities I was doing before my serve to waste time," Kyrgios said.
The Australian has previously described Nadal as "super salty".
Asked whose impression was better, Kyrgios replied: "I don't wear underwear, so probably Gilles'."
When asked about the incident, Nadal said: "Honestly, I don't care at all. If was funny, good. That's it."
Nadal was irritated when Kyrgios served underarm in their meeting in Acapulco last year and has previously said the 24-year-old "lacks respect".
World number one Nadal, who beat Argentina's Federico Delbonis in straight sets on Thursday, has a 4-3 head-to-head lead over Kyrgios, but the Australian leads 2-1 on hard courts.
Kyrgios, the 23rd seed, said he was not thinking about the rest of the tournament or who he could meet in future rounds.
'I could have gone to a very dark place'
The Australian appeared on course for a swift victory, breaking his 61st-ranked opponent at the start of each set and leading 4-2 in the third.
However, Simon hit back to win four games in a row before Kyrgios, lifted by the packed crowd, found the decisive break late in the fourth set.
"I could have gone to a very dark place in the fourth set but I put it away," Kyrgios said.
"I definitely lost my way a little bit. It would have been very interesting if it went to a fifth set."
Kyrgios also apologised to his player box, saying it was "not acceptable" for him to take out his third-set frustrations on them.
"I apologised as soon as I went back into the locker room. They don't deserve that," he said.
"They do a lot of things for me on and off the court."
Kyrgios hit 28 aces against Simon and will donate A$200 for each one to the bushfire appeal.
Legendary former player John McEnroe has also said he will contribute A$1,000 to the appeal for each set Kyrgios wins in the tournament.
Kyrgios will face Russian 16th seed Karen Khachanov next.


bbc--2020-01-23--South Africa v England: Jofra Archer 'big part' of dressing room - Joe Root

England captain Joe Root says Jofra Archer `` is a big part of our dressing room '' after Kevin Pietersen questioned the pace bowler 's treatment .
Archer , 24 , played in the first-Test defeat by South Africa but missed the next two Tests , which England won .
Ex-England batsman Pietersen said in a newspaper interview : `` Archer is copping it at the moment , and probably because he 's from the Caribbean . ''
`` He [ Archer ] is desperate to do well in Test cricket , '' said Root .
`` He 's desperate @ @ @ @ @ @ @ loves the game and he loves the environment .
`` We want to keep making sure that that 's a place he wants to keep being involved in . ''
• England in South Africa : Jofra Archer on track for fourth Test return Barbados-born Archer took six wickets - including 5-102 in the second innings - in the opening Test of the series and , after missing the last two , could return from an elbow injury for the fourth and final Test in Johannesburg .
`` It 's been a very @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of reasons with his injury , '' added Root .
`` Also , someone at the start of his career coming to South Africa and taking a five-for and having to miss out on the next couple of games , is never an easy thing to take as a young player .
`` There have been a number of learnings for him so far on this tour .
`` We are very keen on making sure that we try to get the best out of Jofra - keep creating an environment where he @ @ @ @ @ @ @ still as a player and keep growing in Test cricket . ''
Archer could play in the fourth Test along with fellow pace bowler Mark Wood as Root considers his starting line-up .
`` It would be nice to see how they go together , '' said Root .
`` I think they would be a relentless barrage of pace which is exciting , especially on a surface such as you typically get here at the Wanderers . ''
Root captained England to a series win in Sri Lanka in 2018 but believes @ @ @ @ @ @ @ proudest moment as his country 's captain .
`` I think it probably would be , yes , because of the different things we 've had to manage throughout this tour , '' said Root .
`` It would be a very big achievement for this group .
`` It 's been a tour that has thrown everything at us and I think collectively as a squad , not just the players but the coaching staff , have worked tirelessly to make sure we stayed calm and as much in control as we @ @ @

Last updated on .From the section Cricket
Archer (right) could return to the England line-up for the fourth Test against South Africa
South Africa v England - fourth Test Venue: Wanderers, Johannesburg Dates: 24-28 January Time: 08:00 GMT Coverage: Live text on the BBC Sport website and app.
England captain Joe Root says Jofra Archer "is a big part of our dressing room" after Kevin Pietersen questioned the pace bowler's treatment. external-link
Archer, 24, played in the first-Test defeat by South Africa but missed the next two Tests, which England won.
Ex-England batsman Pietersen said in a newspaper interview: "Archer is copping it at the moment, and probably because he's from the Caribbean."
"He [Archer] is desperate to do well in Test cricket," said Root.
"He's desperate to learn and to develop. He loves the game and he loves the environment.
"We want to keep making sure that that's a place he wants to keep being involved in."
Barbados-born Archer took six wickets - including 5-102 in the second innings - in the opening Test of the series and, after missing the last two, could return from an elbow injury for the fourth and final Test in Johannesburg.
"It's been a very frustrating tour for him for a number of reasons with his injury," added Root.
"Also, someone at the start of his career coming to South Africa and taking a five-for and having to miss out on the next couple of games, is never an easy thing to take as a young player.
"There have been a number of learnings for him so far on this tour.
"We are very keen on making sure that we try to get the best out of Jofra - keep creating an environment where he can learn, develop and not stand still as a player and keep growing in Test cricket."
Archer could play in the fourth Test along with fellow pace bowler Mark Wood as Root considers his starting line-up.
"It would be nice to see how they go together," said Root.
"I think they would be a relentless barrage of pace which is exciting, especially on a surface such as you typically get here at the Wanderers."
Root's proudest moment?
Root captained England to a series win in Sri Lanka in 2018 but believes winning in South Africa would be his proudest moment as his country's captain.
"I think it probably would be, yes, because of the different things we've had to manage throughout this tour," said Root.
"It would be a very big achievement for this group.
"It's been a tour that has thrown everything at us and I think collectively as a squad, not just the players but the coaching staff, have worked tirelessly to make sure we stayed calm and as much in control as we can."


bbc--2020-01-23--Scotland fly-half Russell could miss Six Nations after leaving training camp

Influential fly-half Finn Russell will not play in Scotland 's Six Nations opener against Ireland next Saturday after `` a breach of team protocol '' , Scottish Rugby have confirmed .
However , it is understood the Racing 92 playmaker left the team 's training camp in Edinburgh of his own accord .
It remains unclear whether the 27-year-old will play at all in the campaign .
`` Finn Russell will play no further part in preparations for Scotland 's Six Nations opener , '' a statement read .
• How much do you know about Russell ?
After last @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Russell said a half-time `` argument '' with coach Gregor Townsend helped spark a remarkable comeback .
Scotland trailed 31-7 at the break , but roared back to lead before George Ford 's last-gasp converted try denied them a first Twickenham win since 1983 .
`` I actually had an argument with Gregor [ at half-time ] , '' Russell told ITV after the game .
`` I said to him 'you 're telling us to kick and when we kick , they just run it back and cut us open , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 're just hitting us behind the gain line and winning the ball back ' .
`` Second half , we just came out with nothing to lose , played our rugby , kicked out of our half and scored some great tries .
We played good Scottish rugby . ''
It 's hard to imagine a more devastating blow to Scotland 's Six Nations hopes just nine days before they kick-off their campaign against Ireland in Dublin .
Russell is the one player in the Townsend 's side you would describe as irreplaceable @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the team and when he 's missing Scotland are a much weaker proposition .
His decision to leave the Scotland training camp will send shockwaves through the Scottish support and the Six Nations as a whole .
Townsend was already under enormous pressure going into this championship off the back of a failed World Cup campaign .
Having his star fly-half walk out on the squad just over a week before the Six Nations opener only heaps more heat on the head coach , who must surely be hoping this situation can still @ @ @ @ @ @ @ back into the fold .

Last updated on .From the section Scottish Rugby
Finn Russell led Scotland's epic Six Nations comeback at Twickenham last year
Six Nations Championship Dates: 1 February-14 March Coverage: Watch live coverage on BBC TV, S4C, BBC iPlayer, Connected TVs and online; listen to match commentaries, shows and podcasts on BBC Radio 5 live, sports extra, BBC Scotland, BBC Ulster, BBC Radio Wales, Radio Cymru and BBC Sounds; follow text updates on the BBC Sport website and mobile app.
Influential fly-half Finn Russell will not play in Scotland's Six Nations opener against Ireland next Saturday after "a breach of team protocol", Scottish Rugby has confirmed.
The Scotland players were given permission to have a few drinks when the squad met on Sunday, but Russell is believed to have ignored warnings from management and fellow players to stop.
The Racing 92 fly-half missed training on Monday and was subsequently told by head coach Gregor Townsend he would not be considered for selection in Dublin.
The head coach did invite Russell to return to the squad on Thursday in their preparations for the match, but the player elected to leave the camp.
Russell has declined to comment and it remains unclear whether the 27-year-old will play any part in the campaign.
After last season's epic 38-38 draw with England, Russell said a half-time "argument" with Townsend helped spark a remarkable comeback.
Scotland trailed 31-7 at the break, but roared back to lead before George Ford's last-gasp converted try denied them a first Twickenham win since 1983.
"I actually had an argument with Gregor [at half-time]," Russell told ITV after the game.
"I said to him 'you're telling us to kick and when we kick, they just run it back and cut us open, and when we run it, they're just hitting us behind the gain line and winning the ball back'.
"Second half, we just came out with nothing to lose, played our rugby, kicked out of our half and scored some great tries. We played good Scottish rugby."
'Hard to imagine more devastating blow' - analysis
BBC Scotland rugby reporter Andy Burke
It's hard to imagine a more devastating blow to Scotland's Six Nations hopes just nine days before they kick-off their campaign against Ireland in Dublin.
Russell is the one player in the Townsend's side you would describe as irreplaceable. He's the creative heartbeat of the team and when he's missing Scotland are a much weaker proposition.
His decision to leave the Scotland training camp will send shockwaves through the Scottish support and the Six Nations as a whole.
Townsend was already under enormous pressure going into this championship off the back of a failed World Cup campaign.
Having his star fly-half walk out on the squad just over a week before the Six Nations opener only heaps more heat on the head coach, who must surely be hoping this situation can still be salvaged.