bbc--2020-01-07--Puerto Rico hit by 6.4-magnitude earthquake

Puerto Rico has been hit by a 6.4-magnitude earthquake , resulting in at least one death and causing island-wide power cuts , officials say .
This most recent quake , which began early on Tuesday morning , was the strongest in a series of quakes that have damaged Puerto Rico this week .
Authorities say the island 's power plants suffered some damage and power was shut off as a protective measure .
The US Federal Emergency Management Agency is considering the governor 's request for a federal emergency declaration .
President Donald Trump has also been briefed on the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ press conference on Tuesday that Puerto Rico had not seen this kind of emergency situation `` in 102 years '' .
Declaring a state of emergency activates the island 's National Guard to help with recovery efforts .
The initial earthquake struck at 04:24 local time , just south of the Caribbean island at a depth of 6 miles ( 10km ) , according to the US Geological Survey ( USGS ) .
It was followed hours later by a 6.0 aftershock .
Strong shaking was reported , causing damage to buildings and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ southern city of Ponce was the only confirmed death .
Mayor Mayita Melendez said the man died when a wall fell on him in his home , Puerto Rican newspaper El Nuevo Dia reported .
Eight others were injured , Ms Melendez told WAPA television .
On Monday , Puerto Rico was hit by a 5.8-magnitude quake that destroyed a popular tourist rock formation , damaged homes and caused power cuts .
In addition to damages to homes , buildings and roads , the island has been without power since the second earthquake @ @ @ @ @ @ @ systems caused all power plants to shut down , but the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority expects most power to return later on Tuesday .
Officials say two planes are currently checking infrastructure across the island .
Governor Vasquez has closed non-essential public offices for the day and a number of schools have cancelled classes .
The USGS reported that these quakes were part of an ongoing series that began on 28 December and have caused hundreds of small quakes in the region .
Puerto Rico , a US territory of about 3.2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ North America and Caribbean tectonic plates , making it vulnerable to earthquakes .
• The island struggling to secure its future The island is still recovering from Hurricane Maria , a Category 5 storm that devastated parts of the Caribbean in September 2017 .
In Puerto Rico alone , the hurricane is estimated to have killed 2,975 people and caused $ 100bn ( £75bn ) of damage .

The initial earthquake struck at 04:24 local time, just south of the Caribbean island at a depth of 6 miles (10km), according to the US Geological Survey (USGS). It was followed hours later by a 6.0 aftershock.


bbc--2020-01-07--Nigeria-Cameroon border grenade blast kills nine

A grenade that a child picked up from a bin on the Nigeria-Cameroon border has exploded , killing him and eight others .
Twenty-six people were also wounded in the blast on the Nigerian side of the border , a Cameroonian official said .
The child , believed to be under 10 , mistook the grenade for scrap metal which he intended to sell , witnesses said .
It is unclear who left the grenade in the bin , but the area has been hit by an Islamist insurgency .
Boko Haram and its splinter faction , the Islamic State @ @ @ @ @ @ @ region .
Nigerian and Cameroonian troops form part of a regional force fighting the militants .
• Africa Live : More on this and other African stories • Boko Haram militants 'took my children ' in Chad The governor of Cameroon 's Far North Region , Midjinyawa Bakary , told the BBC that the grenade exploded late on Monday on a busy bridge linking the Nigerian town of Gamborou to the Cameroonian town of Fotokol .
All the dead were Nigerians , while the wounded included nationals from both countries , he said @ @ @ @ @ @ @ local hospital - some had their limbs blown off , residents in Gamborou told the BBC .
Many poor children in Nigeria often go through bins , looking for scrap metal which they sell to metal dealers to recycle , says the BBC Nigeria reporter Ishaq Khalid .
Boko Haram 's decade-long insurgency began in north-eastern Nigeria but has spilled over into neighbouring states .
Tens of thousands of civilians have been killed and more than two million have been displaced in the conflict .

The governor of Cameroon's Far North Region, Midjinyawa Bakary, told the BBC that the grenade exploded late on Monday on a busy bridge linking the Nigerian town of Gamborou to the Cameroonian town of Fotokol.


bbc--2020-01-07--Mane named African footballer of the year

Liverpool 's Sadio Mane has been named the Confederation of African Football 's ( Caf ) Player of the Year .
The Senegal forward beat Liverpool team-mate and Egypt forward Mohamed Salah and Manchester City 's Algerian winger Riyad Mahrez to the award .
Mane , 27 , helped the Reds to the 2018-19 Champions League title , scoring 30 goals in all competitions last season .
He has scored 15 goals so far in 2019-20 , with Liverpool 13 points clear at the top of the Premier League table .
`` I 'm really happy and proud to win @ @ @ @ @ @ @ I love it , '' said Mane .
`` I would like to thank my family , my national team , staff , the federation and Liverpool Football Club .
It 's a big day for me . ''
Mane collected his award at a ceremony in Hurghada , Egypt but neither Salah , who had won the award in both the past two years , nor Mahrez were present .
Mane has finished in the award 's top three for the last three years , and has long targeted the prize in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of his heroes , former Liverpool striker El Hadji Diouf , who won it in 2002 .
Premier League well represented in African best XI - the other awards Mahrez did win one award - the African goal of the year for a free-kick he scored for Algeria against Nigeria in his country 's Afcon semi-final victory .
Salah , Mane and Mahrez all made the African best XI team , along with three other Premier League-based players - Liverpool centre-half Joel Matip , Tottenham right-back Serge Aurier and Arsenal striker Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , who plays for Borussia Dortmund on loan from Real Madrid , was the winner of the Youth Player of the Year award .
Nigeria and Barcelona forward Asisat Oshoala was named the African Women 's Player of the Year ahead of Valerenga and Cameroon forward Ajara Nchout and Beijing BG Phoenix and South Africa forward Thembi Kgatlana .
Cameroon , who lost 3-0 to England in the last 16 of the 2019 Women 's World Cup , picked up the prize for African Women 's National Team of the Year , with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the men 's honour .
Djamel Belmadi , who guided Algeria to the Afcon title , won Men 's Coach of the Year , with Diseree Ellis , the coach of the South Africa national team , winning the women 's award .
This will be a very emotional moment for Sadio Mane .
He once told me that his two heroes growing up were Ronaldinho and El Hadji Diouf , who is the only other Senegal player to have won the African Footballer of the Year prize before .
Diouf was part @ @ @ @ @ @ @ team that made a big impression on Mane watching on from home as an impressionable 11-year-old .
So after narrowly missing out for the last three years , finally winning that trophy back for Senegal will be very special .
He 's always been extremely keen to make his fans in his home country happy and never forgets where he came from .
Now , the next target will surely be the Ballon d'Or prize .
When I last interviewed him he was very modest about being a contender for that award but @ @ @ @ @ @ @ sights in the next few years .
Remember , he was Lionel Messi 's number one choice last year .

Last updated on .From the section African
Sadio Mane has scored 15 goals so far in 2019-20 for Liverpool
Liverpool's Sadio Mane has been named the Confederation of African Football's (Caf) Player of the Year.
The Senegal forward beat Liverpool team-mate and Egypt forward Mohamed Salah and Manchester City's Algerian winger Riyad Mahrez to the award.
Mane, 27, helped the Reds to the 2018-19 Champions League title, scoring 30 goals in all competitions last season.
He has scored 15 goals so far in 2019-20, with Liverpool 13 points clear at the top of the Premier League table.
"I'm really happy and proud to win this. Football is my job, I love it," said Mane.
"I would like to thank my family, my national team, staff, the federation and Liverpool Football Club. It's a big day for me."
Mane collected his award at a ceremony in Hurghada, Egypt but neither Salah, who had won the award in both the past two years, nor Mahrez were present.
Mane has finished in the award's top three for the last three years, and has long targeted the prize in order to emulate the achievement of one of his heroes, former Liverpool striker El Hadji Diouf, who won it in 2002.
Premier League well represented in African best XI - the other awards
Mahrez did win one award - the African goal of the year for a free-kick he scored for Algeria against Nigeria in his country's Afcon semi-final victory.
Salah, Mane and Mahrez all made the African best XI team, along with three other Premier League-based players - Liverpool centre-half Joel Matip, Tottenham right-back Serge Aurier and Arsenal striker Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang.
African best XI: Andre Onana (Ajax/Cameroon), Achraf Hakimi (Borussia Dortmund/Morocco), Kalidou Koulibaly (Napoli/Senegal), Joel Matip (Liverpool/Cameroon), Serge Aurier (Tottenham/Ivory Coast), Riyad Mahrez (Manchester City/Algeria), Idrissa Gana Gueye (Paris St-Germain/Senegal), Hakim Ziyech (Ajax/Morocco), Mohamed Salah (Liverpool/Egypt), Sadio Mane (Liverpool/Senegal), Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang (Arsenal/Gabon)
Morocco right-back Achraf Hakimi, 21, who plays for Borussia Dortmund on loan from Real Madrid, was the winner of the Youth Player of the Year award.
Nigeria and Barcelona forward Asisat Oshoala was named the African Women's Player of the Year ahead of Valerenga and Cameroon forward Ajara Nchout and Beijing BG Phoenix and South Africa forward Thembi Kgatlana.
Cameroon, who lost 3-0 to England in the last 16 of the 2019 Women's World Cup, picked up the prize for African Women's National Team of the Year, with Africa Cup of Nations winners Algeria taking the men's honour.
Djamel Belmadi, who guided Algeria to the Afcon title, won Men's Coach of the Year, with Diseree Ellis, the coach of the South Africa national team, winning the women's award.
Analysis - a very special moment for Mane
John Bennett, BBC World Service
This will be a very emotional moment for Sadio Mane. He once told me that his two heroes growing up were Ronaldinho and El Hadji Diouf, who is the only other Senegal player to have won the African Footballer of the Year prize before.
Diouf was part of Senegal's famous 2002 World Cup team that made a big impression on Mane watching on from home as an impressionable 11-year-old.
So after narrowly missing out for the last three years, finally winning that trophy back for Senegal will be very special. He's always been extremely keen to make his fans in his home country happy and never forgets where he came from. Now, the next target will surely be the Ballon d'Or prize.
When I last interviewed him he was very modest about being a contender for that award but I think it'll be in his sights in the next few years. Remember, he was Lionel Messi's number one choice last year.


bbc--2020-01-07--Ayia Napa false rape claim protesters: 'We believe you'

As the British teenager was sentenced , women 's rights groups from Cyprus and Israel gathered outside the Supreme Court @ @ @ @ @ her rape claim .
The 19-year-old was given a four month suspended sentence and ordered @ @ @ @ @ ) in legal fees .
She was found guilty of public mischief for recanting her @ @ @ @ @ raped her in a hotel room in July .
The woman said Cypriot police had @ @ @ @ @ lying about the incident - something police have denied .

As the British teenager was sentenced, women's rights groups from Cyprus and Israel gathered outside the Supreme Court, chanting that they believe her rape claim.
The 19-year-old was given a four month suspended sentence and ordered to pay €148 (£125) in legal fees.
She was found guilty of public mischief for recanting her claim that 12 Israeli men raped her in a hotel room in July. The woman said Cypriot police had made her falsely confess to lying about the incident - something police have denied.
Read more: Ayia Napa Briton sentenced over false rape claim


bbc--2020-01-07--Bafta 2020: Do awards exclude women and black actors?

The Baftas have been criticised for a lack of representation after no non-white actors were nominated , and no women were nominated in the best director category for the seventh year in a row .
This comes a day after the Golden Globes had an all-male list of best director nominees .
Bafta boss Amanda Berry said she was `` very disappointed '' by the lack of diversity .
• Have the Oscars fixed their diversity problem ?
So , how bad is it ?
Ms Berry did point to female directors being nominated in other categories , for example @ @ @ @ @ @ @ decade only about 5 % of Bafta nominations for best actor , actress or best supporting actor or actress were non-white .
That 's the Baftas - but what about the rest of the industry ?
Martha Lauzen , director of the Center for the Study of Women in Television and Film , at San Diego State University , has been tracking women 's employment in the film industry since 1998 .
In 2019 , just 13 % of directors on the 250 highest-grossing films were female , her report on the `` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on these top 250 films , women made up : Although these figures represent `` recent historic highs '' , there has n't been a great deal of movement during the 22 years Dr Lauzen has conducted the study .
For comparison , in 1998 , on the top 250 films , women made up 9 % of directors and : Looking just at the 100 highest-grossing films , the proportion of female directors tripled between 2018 and 2019 , from 4 % to 12 % - but the figures remain low .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Hollywood it was `` odd to talk about reaching historic highs when women remain so far from parity '' .
And although the numbers had `` moved in a positive direction ... men continue to outnumber women four to one in key behind-the-scenes roles '' .
The Women and Hollywood site 's news editor , Rachel Montpelier , also pointed out `` there was no change in the number of women working in key off-screen roles since 2018 '' .
Meanwhile , research commissioned by Directors UK , the professional association of UK @ @ @ @ @ @ @ films released between 2005 and 2014 , 13.6 % of directors were women .
UK film students are broadly 50 % male and 50 % female , according to the research , and as students enter the industry , the split is also about half and half .
So it is as they progress further that the problem emerges .
The report , published in 2016 , suggested men were more likely to hire other men , while a lack of female role models may make it harder for women to progress , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the individuals within the industry '' .
A report looking at seven European countries including the UK found a similar drop-off in representation : in 2013 , 44 % of graduates entering the film industry were women , compared with 24 % of working directors .
A study published last year by the University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) also looked at ethnic diversity in Hollywood .
It found that , of the 200 highest-grossing films in 2017 , 12.6 % had a non-white director .
Just 7.8 % @ @ @ @ @ @ @ from a non-white background , despite making up 40 % of the US population .
These figures are more or less unchanged since 2011 when the first UCLA study was carried out .
In 2017 , 19.8 % of lead actors were from an ethnic minority background , almost doubling from 10.5 % in 2011 .
The study said that : `` from studio board rooms and executive suits to the talent agencies that act as gatekeepers , the fundamental relations of production that centre white males in Hollywood moviemaking remain largely intact @ @ @ @ @ @ @ still `` woefully underrepresented '' among directors , writers and lead actors .
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UK film students are broadly 50% male and 50% female, according to the research, and as students enter the industry, the split is also about half and half. So it is as they progress further that the problem emerges.


bbc--2020-01-07--US-Iran crisis: Is expecting Iran to de-escalate realistic?

Two Middle East experts Robin Wright , New Yorker staff writer , and Karim Sadjadpour , a senior fellow at @ @ @ @ @ , talk to the BBC about Iran and de-escalation .
Speaking to Beyond 100 Days @ @ @ @ @ Wright said : `` It 'd be hard for the Iranians not to do something @ @ @ @

Two Middle East experts Robin Wright, New Yorker staff writer, and Karim Sadjadpour, a senior fellow at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, talk to the BBC about Iran and de-escalation.
Speaking to Beyond 100 Days on BBC World News, Wright said: "It'd be hard for the Iranians not to do something right now."


bbc--2020-01-07--Justin Trudeau and the politics of facial hair

Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau has returned from his winter holidays with a fresh beard .
After a photo of the prime minister was released by his official photographer , he joined a growing list of politicians whose facial hair has sparked fascination .
In the image released of Mr Trudeau , he stares seriously into the middle distance , showing off a jaw line and chin covered with salt-and-pepper hair .
It is not the first time the Canadian politician has accessorised with a set of whiskers .
Before he became the Liberal leader and prime minister , he @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for the Movember prostate cancer charity .
Facial hair is a look rare enough in modern politics that people take notice when a political leader decides to grow a beard .
In some parts of the world , facial hair can signify a lot more than personal style .
The politics around beards have been fraught in Egypt in recent years - in a nation with long-standing , secular traditions , beards have been viewed as a symbol of Islamist hardliners .
In the US , beards have been perceived as a political @ @ @ @ @ @ @ refuge of the defeated candidate .
Former US presidential candidate Al Gore made headlines after he re-emerged in 2001 from his bitter election defeat with a full beard .
Dubbed an `` exile beard '' , it was subject to intense analysis .
Now they seem to be having a moment .
When former US House Speaker Paul Ryan unveiled fresh stubble on Instagram in 2015 , he noted that he was the first speaker to have a beard in almost 100 years , and his decision to abandon his clean-shaven look caused @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the members of the US Congress had beards or moustaches at the time , according to research from Oklahoma State University political science professor Rebekah Herrick .
Republican US Senator Ted Cruz 's beard , which made its first appearance in 2018 , fascinated the internet for weeks .
India 's Prime Minister Narendra Modi is known for his distinctive white beard , and the country 's media took note when 18 of his 58 ministers inaugurated into his new Cabinet last summer had beards .
In the UK , when Margaret @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of facial hair led to accusations of `` pogonophobia '' - defined as an extreme dislike of beards .
But more recently , the outgoing Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn was the first bearded man to head a British political party since 1908 .
In Canada , the last three leaders of the country 's left-leaning federal New Democrats have had facial hair , including current leader Jagmeet Singh , an observant Sikh who wears both a turban and a beard as part of his faith .
Still , Mr Singh 's predecessor , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ his trademark full beard when he took over the party 's leadership , as reported by the Globe and Mail .
The last Canadian prime minister to wear facial hair was the moustachioed Sir Robert Borden , in the early 20th Century .
It is not clear if Mr Trudeau 's beard will become a permanent fixture or if he will shave before MPs return to Ottawa in late January .
Temporary or not , the post-holiday beard `` is more of a mature look , especially with the gray coming through , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Mackay Byrne Group , told the BBC .
`` It 's an established look , '' said the image consultant who has worked with numerous Canadian politicians , though not Mr Trudeau .
`` There is a certain level of maturity that he 's projecting with this beard , there 's no doubt about it . ''
The 48-year-old prime minister first came to power in 2015 as a fresh face in Canadian federal politics and on the world stage .
Always an image conscious politician , the photo of the bearded Mr @ @ @ @ @ @ @ youthful political brand .
Following a series of political crises and scandals , he faced a recent tough re-election battle that saw him retain power but fall short of a majority seat count in the House of Commons .
`` He does n't look so young with this [ beard ] , '' said Ms Mackay .
`` He certainly does look more of a seasoned statesman . ''
• A history of beards in the workplace She noted that facial hair is something that falls in and out of vogue and has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ As a consultant in the business world in the 1980s , she said the clean-shaven look was seen to project openness and integrity .
`` Things have come so far since that time , '' she said .
`` Beards are very acceptable in business so I think it 's a natural transition to see it move into politics . ''
It is also one of the few ways for men to express themselves with their style `` and show a little bit of individualism '' , she said .

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bbc--2020-01-07--Australia fires: Misleading maps and pictures go viral

Maps and pictures of Australia 's unprecedented bushfires have spread widely on social media .
Users are posting them to raise awareness of the devastating fires , but some of the viral maps are misleading , spreading disinformation about the crisis .
The months-long fires have killed at least 25 people and millions of animals , and destroyed more than 2,000 houses .
After milder weather brought brief respite last weekend , fire crews are preparing again for worsening conditions as temperatures are predicted to soar on Friday .
One image shared widely by Twitter users , including by singer @ @ @ @ @ @ @ showing the live extent of fire spread , with large sections of the Australian coastline molten-red and fiery .
But it is actually artist Anthony Hearsey 's visualisation of one month of data of locations where fire was detected , collected by Nasa 's Fire Information for Resource Management System .
`` The scale is a little exaggerated due to the render 's glow , but it is generally true to the info from the Nasa website .
Also note that not all the areas are still burning , and this is a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Instagram in response to criticism by viewers that the image was misleading .
Another widely shared map of flame icons dotted across the country claims to show `` all the fires burning in Australia '' .
It is taken from the Australian government website MyFireWatch , which uses satellite data to map heat sources .
However the data incorporates `` any heat source that is hotter than its surroundings ...
This may include gas flares , refinery furnaces or highly reflective large industrial roofs '' , according to its website .
That means @ @ @ @ @ @ @ indicate actual fires .
Another issue is that the hotspot symbols do not represent the actual size of fires or the danger posed by them .
Screenshots of maps shared on social media like this often omit important details from the originals , such as the level of risk posed by fire and whether it is under control .
The New South Wales Rural Fire Service publishes live mapped fire information , using symbols to indicate the alert level from `` advice '' ( no immediate danger ) to `` emergency warning '' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and orange fire symbols in the MyFireWatch map of New South Wales ( NSW ) are all ranked as `` advice '' alerts by the NSW rural fire service .
As some Twitter users pointed out , maps that claim to show the size of the affected area by `` overlaying '' Australia on to other continents like North America and Europe are not completely accurate .
This is due to how how the curved earth is distorted when flat map projections are made .
BBC News produced a visual guide to the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ data sources to produce maps and other visualisations .
To produce the map of fires , BBC journalists used Python code to extract geographic data from the live fire maps produced by the NSW and Victoria fire services .
`` This allows us to plot the complicated fire area shapes quickly on to more basic maps .
We 've been updating it every one-to-two days while the fires have been at their height and will continue to do so as long as the crisis lasts , '' data journalist Tom Housden explained .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ 's fire data to map how the fires spread .
Nasa told the BBC that although its data is collected by satellites that detect heat , including non-fire hotspots like gas flares , these sources account for `` less than 1 % of the data '' .

"The scale is a little exaggerated due to the render's glow, but it is generally true to the info from the Nasa website. Also note that not all the areas are still burning, and this is a compilation," Mr Hearsey wrote on Instagram in response to criticism by viewers that the image was misleading.


bbc--2020-01-07--Educating men about risks of drink spiking

Many of the victims of serial rapist Reynhard Sinaga did not even know they had been assaulted .
After luring men outside Manchester clubs , the post-graduate student would take them back to his flat and ply them with spiked drinks to knock them unconscious .
Although the drugging took place in a very particular set of circumstances , his conviction raises questions about the broader problem of drink spiking .
The vast majority of victims are women , but men are at risk too .
How much do men know about the risks of drink spiking ?
Jared Dolby @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , says much more practical information is needed about the dangers .
`` I 'm a more mature student and I 'm from a small seaside town and I feel streetwise , but for some of these students coming from more privileged backgrounds , Manchester can be a dangerous city .
`` There could be more signposting to the help and advice available .
Maybe it 's a wider cultural issue .
There 's a taboo around attacks on men .
`` You would hope after such an awful thing [ the Sinaga @ @ @ @ @ @ @ willing to come forward and talk about these issues . ''
James King , 25 , a student who grew up in Manchester , says a lot of it comes down to `` toxic masculinity '' .
`` Men do n't feel comfortable in their vulnerability .
We probably have a lot to learn from women here .
`` Women are expected to be able to ask for help , but rape is not something men are expected to have to deal with .
`` Practically , maybe staff at bars and nightclubs @ @ @ @ @ @ @ too .
Bouncers are happy to kick people out , but perhaps they need to be more like guardian figures . ''
Lloyd Brinkworth , a 24-year-old mechanical engineering student , originally from Worcester , says Manchester University , where a number of Sinaga 's victims came from , has emailed male students specifically , pointing them to the services available .
`` So there is support out there .
Outside the university ?
I 'm not so sure . ''
Fellow student Liam Ashton , 22 , added : `` We 're @ @ @ @ @ @ @ we are out then we would always make sure everybody 's OK and the girls get home safe .
`` But it 's interesting that the uni has been targeting young men [ with advice ] .
`` It 's not something we really think about .
Would you know where to go ?
And would you even want to talk about it ? ''
What can be done to raise awareness ?
Elaine Hindal , chief executive of alcohol education charity Drinkaware , says men face a `` pervasive '' peer pressure @ @ @ @ @ @ @ can make them less aware of their vulnerability when they are out in bars and clubs than women might be .
The charity often hears that people do n't report a drink being spiked because they fear they wo n't be believed , or that they will be seen as `` making an excuse '' for having drunk too much .
Ms Hindal says this may be `` even more challenging for men '' because there is not enough discussion around their vulnerability more broadly .
She stresses that the vast majority of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Sinaga case has brought the issue of male victims to light .
`` The kind of advice we give to women applies to them as well - stick together , look out for each other , make a plan to get home together so that you stay safe , '' she says .
Catherine Bewley , from the LGBT+ anti-violence organisation , Galop , said all victims deserved respect and appropriate support , which did not judge or blame them , whatever their gender or circumstances .
Manchester University students ' union @ @ @ @ @ @ @ at its venues , in particular during freshers ' week .
What can you do to keep yourself safe ?
Sinaga is thought to have used the Class C drug GHB - which is used recreationally but can be fatal at a slightly higher dose than he gave his victims - but predators can also spike drinks with other illicit drugs such as ketamine or Rohypnol .
It 's near impossible to tell whether a drink 's been spiked by the taste or smell , although GHB may taste slightly salty or smell @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that might help to stop it happening : • Do n't leave drinks unattended and keep an eye on your friends ' drinks • Do n't accept drinks from people you do n't know • If you think your drink 's been spiked or start to feel strange or more drunk than you should be , leave your drink and tell a trusted friend straight away • Tell someone at home or elsewhere where you 're going and when you expect to be home - and have plans for getting home Some bars @ @ @ @ @ @ @ devices which can reduce the risk of drink-spiking .
Others offer drink-testing kits but they wo n't test for every drug and do n't always work .
How big a problem is it ?
While it 's hard to know the true extent as incidents often go unreported , research by the BBC Radio 5 Live Investigations Unit carried out last year found there were at least 2,650 reports of drink spiking in England and Wales between 2015 and 2019 .
• The sexual predator who waited outside nightclubs The data from 22 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ British Transport Police showed about one in four of the victims were men .
Between January and September 2019 , 68 cases had already been recorded , suggesting the total figure for 2019 was set to hit a five-year high .

Drink spiking: Do men know enough? Published 7 January 2020
Image source, facebook
Many of the victims of serial rapist Reynhard Sinaga did not even know they had been assaulted.
After luring men outside Manchester clubs, the post-graduate student would take them back to his flat and ply them with spiked drinks to knock them unconscious.
Although the drugging took place in a very particular set of circumstances, his conviction raises questions about the broader problem of drink spiking.
About three-quarters of victims are women, but men are at risk too.
How much do men know about the risks of drink spiking?
Jared Dolby, a 28-year-old philosophy student in Manchester, says much more practical information is needed about the dangers.
"I'm a more mature student and I'm from a small seaside town and I feel streetwise, but for some of these students coming from more privileged backgrounds, Manchester can be a dangerous city.
"There could be more signposting to the help and advice available. Maybe it's a wider cultural issue. There's a taboo around attacks on men.
"You would hope after such an awful thing [the Sinaga case], people would feel more willing to come forward and talk about these issues."
James King, 25, a student who grew up in Manchester, says a lot of it comes down to "toxic masculinity".
"Men don't feel comfortable in their vulnerability. We probably have a lot to learn from women here.
"Women are expected to be able to ask for help, but rape is not something men are expected to have to deal with.
"Practically, maybe staff at bars and nightclubs need to be aware of the issues too. Bouncers are happy to kick people out, but perhaps they need to be more like guardian figures."
Lloyd Brinkworth, a 24-year-old mechanical engineering student, originally from Worcester, says Manchester University, where a number of Sinaga's victims came from, has emailed male students specifically, pointing them to the services available.
"So there is support out there. Outside the university? I'm not so sure."
Fellow student Liam Ashton, 22, added: "We're a tight-knit group of friends and if we are out then we would always make sure everybody's OK and the girls get home safe.
"But it's interesting that the uni has been targeting young men [with advice].
"It's not something we really think about. Would you know where to go? And would you even want to talk about it?"
This video can not be played To play this video you need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Media caption, How will the Manchester rapist case change the city?
What can be done to raise awareness?
Elaine Hindal, chief executive of alcohol education charity Drinkaware, says men face a "pervasive" peer pressure when it comes to drinking, which can make them less aware of their vulnerability when they are out in bars and clubs than women might be.
The charity often hears that people don't report a drink being spiked because they fear they won't be believed, or that they will be seen as "making an excuse" for having drunk too much.
Ms Hindal says this may be "even more challenging for men" because there is not enough discussion around their vulnerability more broadly.
She stresses that the vast majority of drink-spiking victims are women, but that the Sinaga case has brought the issue of male victims to light.
"The kind of advice we give to women applies to them as well - stick together, look out for each other, make a plan to get home together so that you stay safe," she says.
Catherine Bewley, from the LGBT+ anti-violence organisation, Galop, said all victims deserved respect and appropriate support, which did not judge or blame them, whatever their gender or circumstances.
Manchester University students' union says it runs regular drink-spiking awareness campaigns at its venues, in particular during freshers' week.
What can you do to keep yourself safe?
This video can not be played To play this video you need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Media caption, Who is Reynhard Sinaga?
Sinaga is thought to have used the Class C drug GHB - which is used recreationally but can be fatal at a slightly higher dose than he gave his victims - but predators can also spike drinks with other illicit drugs such as ketamine or Rohypnol.
It's near impossible to tell whether a drink's been spiked by the taste or smell, although GHB may taste slightly salty or smell unusual.
The NHS offers some steps that might help to stop it happening:
Don't leave drinks unattended and keep an eye on your friends' drinks
Don't accept drinks from people you don't know
Avoid punchbowls and stick to bottled drinks
If you think your drink's been spiked or start to feel strange or more drunk than you should be, leave your drink and tell a trusted friend straight away
Tell someone at home or elsewhere where you're going and when you expect to be home - and have plans for getting home
Some bars provide drinks' lids or plastic stopper devices which can reduce the risk of drink-spiking. Others offer drink-testing kits but they won't test for every drug and don't always work.
How big a problem is it?
While it's hard to know the true extent as incidents often go unreported, research by the BBC Radio 5 Live Investigations Unit carried out last year found there were at least 2,650 reports of drink spiking in England and Wales between 2015 and 2019.
The data from 22 out of 43 police forces and the British Transport Police showed about one in four of the victims were men.


bbc--2020-01-07--Superb Man City overwhelm Man Utd in semi-final first leg

Holders Manchester City will take a commanding lead into the second leg of their Carabao Cup semi-final after outclassing neighbours Manchester United at Old Trafford .
Marcus Rashford 's late reply will give United hope they can still turn this tie around in the return on Wednesday , 29 January , but it should not deflect from City 's overwhelming superiority for the vast majority of the game .
Pep Guardiola 's side stunned the home fans with three first-half goals , and in truth they could have had many more before the break , such was the gulf between @ @ @ @ @ @ @ left Sergio Aguero and Gabriel Jesus on the bench , started with a strikerless 4-4-2 system that saw Bernardo Silva and Kevin de Bruyne their furthest players forward .
It was Bernardo who broke the deadlock , with a superb strike from the edge of the box that arrowed into the top corner of the net .
Riyad Mahrez made it 2-0 when he ran on to Bernardo 's pass and rounded David de Gea , with the home side hopelessly exposed .
• Reaction to the action at Old Trafford • Player @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the match ?
• Leicester v Aston Villa : Rodgers wants to 'create new history' By now , United were chasing shadows and it was soon 3-0 , as a swift breakaway ended with De Bruyne twisting Phil Jones inside out before seeing his shot saved by De Gea but ricochet in off Andreas Pereira .
United 's limp resistance and lack of threat saw them booed off by some supporters at the break but they at least showed some resolve when they emerged for the second half .
City seemed content with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ began to enjoy time on the ball , although they did not force Claudio Bravo into any meaningful action before Rashford 's goal .
That came when the visitors , for once , gave the ball away cheaply and Mason Greenwood fed the England striker to run through and score .
United never threatened to deny City a famous victory however , and Ole Gunnar Solskjaer 's side are left with a huge task if they are to stop them reaching their third successive final , and their fourth in the past five @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the opening stages when these two sides met at the Etihad in the Premier League last month , but this time it was United who were left reeling early on .
Guardiola 's line-up left many observers scratching their heads before kick-off but his system , a fluid 4-4-2 that saw De Bruyne , Bernardo , Mahrez and Raheem Sterling change position at will , worked like a dream .
In December , City had no answer United 's raw speed but here it was the invention and improvisation of the visitors ' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and time again .
City have made a habit of winning at Old Trafford in recent years but their sparkling first-half performance was impressive , even by their high standards .
Only 3,000 away fans were there to witness it in person , in a tiny pocket of the ground , because of a reduced ticket allocation after incidents in recent derby matches .
But for the supporters who got a ticket , this was a night they will never forget .
They loudly revelled in United 's misery and their own side @ @ @ @ @ @ @ standing ovation at the final whistle .
While City 's fans celebrated pretty much throughout , United 's supporters endured a very different evening with all of their side 's shortcomings in evidence .
When United tried playing out from the back , they were not capable of passing through City , and repeatedly surrendered possession .
And while the home fans urged their side to press City , they were not able to get near them for much of the match .
It meant they were unable to lay a finger on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ when they finally managed their first sustained spell of pressure .
Rashford 's goal aside , there were not many positives for Solskjaer to take away from this encounter but at least his side did not crumble completely , which looked likely at one stage , and finished the game showing some degree of fight .
Solskjaer 's side are , somehow , still alive in the tie but this game should be seen as a reminder of how urgently United need reinforcements this month , even if they are more expensive than @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Manchester City boss Pep Guardiola on BBC Radio Five Live : `` The last game against United [ a 2-1 loss in December ] we could not control when we lost the ball , and tonight we did it better .
`` We lost the ball in a position which is so dangerous [ for the United goal ] .
We can not forget which team we play .
Tonight we can be more than satisfied to come here to Old Trafford and win .
`` It is not over .
We have @ @ @ @ @ @ @ what happens .
`` Of course Manchester United can come back .
Last year here they lost to Paris St-Germain [ in the Champions League ] and qualified .
They have the shirt which means history and pride . ''
Manchester United manager Ole Gunnar Solskjaer : `` From their first goal , and especially the second , we struggled to get to grips with them .
A good reaction second half , but first half until they scored it is was back and forth .
We did n't cope with the setback @ @ @ @ @ @ @ deal with their system well enough , we know they can play that way .
They played that way last season and beat Chelsea 5-0 .
`` First goal there is nothing we can do , second is sloppy and the third we just did n't recover .
`` With Matic and his experience [ coming on in the second half ] he had more presence .
It was more about wanting the ball and believing , passing the ball .
Someone needed to take responsibility .
We 've shown before we have @ @ @ @ @ @ @ turned it around .
PSG is the latest example and we have to believe that we can put on a performance .
`` It was a decision late on who was fit , it was no excuse .
We have the players we have .
We put a team out believing we could get a result . ''
• United suffered their first home defeat since losing 2-1 to Crystal Palace in August 2019 and conceded three times at Old Trafford for the first time since losing 3-0 to Spurs in August 2018 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ their last 10 away matches against Manchester United ( D1 L2 ) in all competitions , as many as in their previous 42 visits to Old Trafford .
• The past 15 teams to win away from home in the first leg of a League Cup semi-final have all progressed to the final , with Spurs the last side to fail to do so , against Arsenal in 1986-87 .
• Bernardo Silva became the first Manchester City player since Sergio Aguero ( three in a row between 2011 and 2015 ) to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in all competitions .
• City have scored 44 goals in the first half of matches this season in all competitions - eight more than any other Premier League side , and only five fewer than United have scored in total ( 49 ) .
• Only Raheem Sterling ( 20 ) has scored more goals among English players in all competitions than United 's Rashford ( 17 ) this season .
• This was United 's first home League Cup defeat against a fellow Premier League side since January 2005 against Chelsea @ @ @ @ @ @ @ this type before this 3-1 defeat .
• City are responsible for four of United 's last 12 defeats at Old Trafford .
Leicester host Aston Villa in the first leg of the second semi-final on Wednesday ( 20:00 GMT ) .
United and City return to Premier League action this weekend .
United host Norwich on Saturday ( 15:00 ) , while City travel to Aston Villa on Sunday ( 16:30 ) .

Bernardo Silva is the first Manchester City player to score in consecutive appearances against Manchester United at Old Trafford since Sergio Aguero between 2011-2015 (three games)
Holders Manchester City will take a commanding lead into the second leg of their Carabao Cup semi-final after outclassing neighbours Manchester United at Old Trafford.
Marcus Rashford's late reply will give United hope they can still turn this tie around in the return on Wednesday, 29 January, but it should not deflect from City's overwhelming superiority for the vast majority of the game.
Pep Guardiola's side stunned the home fans with three first-half goals, and in truth they could have had many more before the break, such was the gulf between the two sides.
City, who left Sergio Aguero and Gabriel Jesus on the bench, started with a strikerless 4-4-2 system that saw Bernardo Silva and Kevin de Bruyne their furthest players forward.
It was Bernardo who broke the deadlock, with a superb strike from the edge of the box that arrowed into the top corner of the net.
Riyad Mahrez made it 2-0 when he ran on to Bernardo's pass and rounded David de Gea, with the home side hopelessly exposed.
By now, United were chasing shadows and it was soon 3-0, as a swift breakaway ended with De Bruyne twisting Phil Jones inside out before seeing his shot saved by De Gea but ricochet in off Andreas Pereira.
United's limp resistance and lack of threat saw them booed off by some supporters at the break but they at least showed some resolve when they emerged for the second half.
City seemed content with their advantage, and United at last began to enjoy time on the ball, although they did not force Claudio Bravo into any meaningful action before Rashford's goal.
That came when the visitors, for once, gave the ball away cheaply and Mason Greenwood fed the England striker to run through and score.
United never threatened to deny City a famous victory however, and Ole Gunnar Solskjaer's side are left with a huge task if they are to stop them reaching their third successive final, and their fourth in the past five years.
City's invention and improvisation shine through
Riyad Mahrez has started 19 games in all competitions for Manchester City in 2019-20 - in those games he has been directly involved in 15 goals (six goals and nine assists)
City were torn apart in the opening stages when these two sides met at the Etihad in the Premier League last month, but this time it was United who were left reeling early on.
Guardiola's line-up left many observers scratching their heads before kick-off but his system, a fluid 4-4-2 that saw De Bruyne, Bernardo, Mahrez and Raheem Sterling change position at will, worked like a dream.
In December, City had no answer United's raw speed but here it was the invention and improvisation of the visitors' attack that did the damage, time and time again.
City have made a habit of winning at Old Trafford in recent years but their sparkling first-half performance was impressive, even by their high standards.
Only 3,000 away fans were there to witness it in person, in a tiny pocket of the ground, because of a reduced ticket allocation after incidents in recent derby matches.
But for the supporters who got a ticket, this was a night they will never forget. They loudly revelled in United's misery and their own side's success before giving their players a standing ovation at the final whistle.
A reminder of United's shortcomings
Manchester United conceded three first-half goals in a game at Old Trafford for the first time since May 1997 against Middlesbrough - a game which featured Solskjaer
While City's fans celebrated pretty much throughout, United's supporters endured a very different evening with all of their side's shortcomings in evidence.
When United tried playing out from the back, they were not capable of passing through City, and repeatedly surrendered possession.
And while the home fans urged their side to press City, they were not able to get near them for much of the match.
It meant they were unable to lay a finger on the visitors until the hour mark, when they finally managed their first sustained spell of pressure.
Rashford's goal aside, there were not many positives for Solskjaer to take away from this encounter but at least his side did not crumble completely, which looked likely at one stage, and finished the game showing some degree of fight.
Solskjaer's side are, somehow, still alive in the tie but this game should be seen as a reminder of how urgently United need reinforcements this month, even if they are more expensive than the club's owners would like.
Man of the match - Bernardo Silva (Man City)
The Portuguese schemer was basically given a free role and left to use his own intelligence in the final third of the pitch, and he did so to devastating effect
'United can come back' - reaction
Manchester City boss Pep Guardiola on BBC Radio Five Live: "The last game against United [a 2-1 loss in December] we could not control when we lost the ball, and tonight we did it better.
"We lost the ball in a position which is so dangerous [for the United goal]. We cannot forget which team we play. Tonight we can be more than satisfied to come here to Old Trafford and win.
"It is not over. We have one more game and we'll see what happens.
"Of course Manchester United can come back. Last year here they lost to Paris St-Germain [in the Champions League] and qualified. They have the shirt which means history and pride."
Manchester United manager Ole Gunnar Solskjaer: "From their first goal, and especially the second, we struggled to get to grips with them. A good reaction second half, but first half until they scored it is was back and forth. We didn't cope with the setback well enough.
"We didn't deal with their system well enough, we know they can play that way. They played that way last season and beat Chelsea 5-0.
"First goal there is nothing we can do, second is sloppy and the third we just didn't recover.
"With Matic and his experience [coming on in the second half] he had more presence. It was more about wanting the ball and believing, passing the ball. Someone needed to take responsibility. We've shown before we have been down from a home tie and turned it around. PSG is the latest example and we have to believe that we can put on a performance.
"It was a decision late on who was fit, it was no excuse. We have the players we have. We put a team out believing we could get a result."
Odds against United comeback - stats
United suffered their first home defeat since losing 2-1 to Crystal Palace in August 2019 and conceded three times at Old Trafford for the first time since losing 3-0 to Spurs in August 2018.
City have won seven of their last 10 away matches against Manchester United (D1 L2) in all competitions, as many as in their previous 42 visits to Old Trafford.
The past 15 teams to win away from home in the first leg of a League Cup semi-final have all progressed to the final, with Spurs the last side to fail to do so, against Arsenal in 1986-87.
Bernardo Silva became the first Manchester City player since Sergio Aguero (three in a row between 2011 and 2015) to score in consecutive away games against United in all competitions.
City have scored 44 goals in the first half of matches this season in all competitions - eight more than any other Premier League side, and only five fewer than United have scored in total (49).
Only Raheem Sterling (20) has scored more goals among English players in all competitions than United's Rashford (17) this season.
This was United's first home League Cup defeat against a fellow Premier League side since January 2005 against Chelsea, having won 16 consecutive games of this type before this 3-1 defeat.
City are responsible for four of United's last 12 defeats at Old Trafford.
What's next?
Leicester host Aston Villa in the first leg of the second semi-final on Wednesday (20:00 GMT).
United and City return to Premier League action this weekend. United host Norwich on Saturday (15:00), while City travel to Aston Villa on Sunday (16:30).


bbc--2020-01-07--F1 'monitoring' Australia bushfires before Melbourne race

Formula 1 says it is monitoring the Australian bushfire crisis before the start of the 2020 season in Melbourne on 13-15 March .
The country has witnessed the worst fire season in its history which has claimed a record-breaking 8.4m hectares , an area larger than Scotland .
Air quality in Sydney and Melbourne has been at unhealthy levels as fires rage in New South Wales and Victoria .
F1 says it is in constant contact with the race organisers on the issue .
The F1 community , including the teams , and the Australian Grand Prix Corporation are also @ @ @ @ @ @ @ victims of the fires , although details are still being worked out .
At least 25 people and millions of animals have died since the fire season started in September and almost 2,000 homes have been destroyed .
F1 could have something of an image problem , to say the least , when the season starts in Melbourne in two months ' time .
The Australian bush fires have wrought devastation over a vast area , and the state in which the Grand Prix is held has been at the forefront .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ - last year was Australia 's warmest on record - and F1 is poised to fly to the continent in a fleet of long-haul jets and literally burn carbon for fun for three days .
The optics of that are bad , regardless of any help the sport can provide for victims of the fires .
But F1 has been working hard to combat the image it has in some quarters as a profligate and irresponsible activity in the context of the environmental issues faced by the planet .
For a start , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ provided revolutionary increases in efficiency .
They have a thermal efficiency ( the measure of their ability to transform fuel-energy into power ) of more than 50 % , when road-going petrol engines are in the region of 30 % and diesels around 40 % .
Knowledge from the technology developed in these engines - developed at a cost of many millions of pounds - has already made its way into improving efficiency of road cars in areas such as the improvement of electric motors , batteries , energy management , eTurbos and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ go much further .
F1 engines already use a proportion of biofuel - the current technical regulations dictate fuel must have 5.75 % of bio-components , and the plan is to increase that to 10 % in 2021 Last November , it announced a project to go carbon neutral by 2030 , and plans are already afoot for the next generation of engines , scheduled to be introduced in 2025 , to run on carbon-neutral synthetic fuels .
This is a new technology that has yet to be developed in a commercially viable @ @ @ @ @ @ @ carbon from the atmosphere and turn it into a liquid fuel by combining it with hydrogen from water .
Jean Todt , president of governing body the FIA , said : `` Motorsport can be at risk for two reasons - one , the environment , and two a big crash .
`` Safety and environment are crucial to secure the future of motorsport .
`` Green fuel should be the answer and we have experts working on that .
We are working with the teams and engine suppliers and all experts available @ @ @ @ @ @ @ am happy for the FIA to take that on board . ''
F1 chief executive Chase Carey added : `` We do n't have a completely detailed road-map but the role we want to play is a leadership role .
[ We hope to be ] at the forefront of showing what 's possible .
`` There 's a lot of effort being put into addressing the environmental issue of the combustion engine from players that have the resources to do the real R & D .
`` Oil companies and OEMs ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of work on synthetic fuels and more advanced fuel technologies .
`` And if we can be a vehicle to engaging with that , co-ordinating that and putting in place what are the right steps that get you to the goal of carbon neutrality , in many ways we are platform for showing what a hybrid engine can be in terms of playing a critical and under-appreciated role that is necessary to address the world 's larger environmental issues .
`` For us , this is an offensive issue , not a defensive @ @ @ @ @ @ @ opportunity to play a leadership role and developing a path forward to the goals we have set out . ''
Although racing the world 's fastest cars at race tracks all over the planet makes F1 an obvious target when it comes to environmental issues , in fact the races themselves are a minor part of the sport 's total emissions .
Of the 256,551 tonnes of carbon that F1 calculated it emitted as a sport in 2018 , only 0.7 % was from the cars themselves .
By far the largest proportions @ @ @ @ @ @ @ road , air and sea freight , at 45 % , and personnel travel at 27.7 % .
But these are issues that affect all major global sports : a football World Cup or an Olympics , while not as obvious a target , also has a significant environmental impact .
The carbon footprint of the 2010 Fifa World Cup , for example , was calculated at 2.8m tonnes - or 10 years ' worth of F1 seasons .

Australia is fighting an unprecedented bushfire season, fuelled by record temperatures and widespread drought
Formula 1 says it is monitoring the Australian bushfire crisis before the start of the 2020 season in Melbourne on 13-15 March.
The country has witnessed the worst fire season in its history which has claimed a record-breaking 8.4m hectares, external-link an area larger than Scotland.
Air quality in Sydney and Melbourne has been at unhealthy levels as fires rage in New South Wales and Victoria.
F1 says it is in constant contact with the race organisers on the issue.
The F1 community, including the teams, and the Australian Grand Prix Corporation are also planning some form of support for the victims of the fires, although details are still being worked out.
At least 25 people and millions of animals have died since the fire season started in September and almost 2,000 homes have been destroyed.
F1 attempts to go green
F1 could have something of an image problem, to say the least, when the season starts in Melbourne in two months' time.
The Australian bush fires have wrought devastation over a vast area, and the state in which the Grand Prix is held has been at the forefront.
The fires have been fuelled by climate change - last year was Australia's warmest on record - and F1 is poised to fly to the continent in a fleet of long-haul jets and literally burn carbon for fun for three days.
The optics of that are bad, regardless of any help the sport can provide for victims of the fires.
But F1 has been working hard to combat the image it has in some quarters as a profligate and irresponsible activity in the context of the environmental issues faced by the planet.
For a start, the turbo-hybrid engines introduced in 2014 have provided revolutionary increases in efficiency.
They have a thermal efficiency (the measure of their ability to transform fuel-energy into power) of more than 50%, when road-going petrol engines are in the region of 30% and diesels around 40%.
Knowledge from the technology developed in these engines - developed at a cost of many millions of pounds - has already made its way into improving efficiency of road cars in areas such as the improvement of electric motors, batteries, energy management, eTurbos and more.
But F1 is determined to go much further.
F1 engines already use a proportion of biofuel - the current technical regulations dictate fuel must have 5.75% of bio-components, and the plan is to increase that to 10% in 2021
Last November, it announced a project to go carbon neutral by 2030, and plans are already afoot for the next generation of engines, scheduled to be introduced in 2025, to run on carbon-neutral synthetic fuels.
This is a new technology external-link that has yet to be developed in a commercially viable form but the idea is to capture carbon from the atmosphere and turn it into a liquid fuel by combining it with hydrogen from water.
Jean Todt, president of governing body the FIA, said: "Motorsport can be at risk for two reasons - one, the environment, and two a big crash.
"Safety and environment are crucial to secure the future of motorsport.
"Green fuel should be the answer and we have experts working on that. We are working with the teams and engine suppliers and all experts available, and if costs are involved I am happy for the FIA to take that on board."
F1 chief executive Chase Carey added: "We don't have a completely detailed road-map but the role we want to play is a leadership role. [We hope to be] at the forefront of showing what's possible.
"There's a lot of effort being put into addressing the environmental issue of the combustion engine from players that have the resources to do the real R&D.
"Oil companies and OEMs (car manufacturers) are doing a lot of work on synthetic fuels and more advanced fuel technologies.
"And if we can be a vehicle to engaging with that, co-ordinating that and putting in place what are the right steps that get you to the goal of carbon neutrality, in many ways we are platform for showing what a hybrid engine can be in terms of playing a critical and under-appreciated role that is necessary to address the world's larger environmental issues.
"For us, this is an offensive issue, not a defensive issue. We have a capability and opportunity to play a leadership role and developing a path forward to the goals we have set out." external-link
Although racing the world's fastest cars at race tracks all over the planet makes F1 an obvious target when it comes to environmental issues, in fact the races themselves are a minor part of the sport's total emissions.
Of the 256,551 tonnes of carbon that F1 calculated it emitted as a sport in 2018, only 0.7% was from the cars themselves.
By far the largest proportions were from logistics, in terms of road, air and sea freight, at 45%, and personnel travel at 27.7%.
But these are issues that affect all major global sports: a football World Cup or an Olympics, while not as obvious a target, also has a significant environmental impact.
The carbon footprint of the 2010 Fifa World Cup, for example, was calculated at 2.8m tonnes - or 10 years' worth of F1 seasons.


bbc--2020-01-07--England secure thrilling win over South Africa to level series

England forced a dramatic 189-run victory over South Africa late on day five of the second Test in Cape Town to level the series at 1-1 .
With the tourists still needing three wickets in the final hour , man of the match Ben Stokes claimed them all to cap a stunning all-round performance .
He removed Dwaine Pretorius and Anrich Nortje in consecutive balls before dismissing Vernon Philander to secure the win with just 8.2 overs remaining .
The Proteas looked to be grinding their way to a draw , with opener Pieter Malan making a superb 84 off @ @ @ @ @ @ @ van der Dussen and Quinton de Kock resisted for almost 34 overs .
England 's attack was also limited with all-time highest Test wicket-taker James Anderson missing most of the last two sessions because of injury .
But De Kock slapped a long hop from Joe Denly to mid-wicket to fall for 50 and Van der Dussen , who spent 140 balls over his 17 , flicked Stuart Broad to leg gully .
England 's chance of victory was boosted but they still needed Stokes to seize it , the all-rounder finding seam @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to secure the tourists ' first win at Newlands since 1957 .
The third Test of the four-match series starts in Port Elizabeth on 16 January .
• Anderson to have scan on side injury Stokes had a majestic 2019 - he starred in England 's World Cup final win , led his side to a remarkable one-wicket win over Australia at Headingley in the Ashes and won BBC Sports Personality of the Year .
After a tough start to this tour for Stokes , whose his father Ged spent Christmas in intensive @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and for England in general , the Durham all-rounder has ensured a spectacular start to 2020 .
In his final spell , Newlands finally looked like a real fifth-day pitch , Stokes finding pace and bounce to have Pretorius and Nortje caught in the slips - the latter off a fine juggling effort by Zak Crawley - before Philander fended a brutal ball to Ollie Pope .
It was a vital intervention in the absence of Anderson , who was excellent in his opening spell , pinning Keshav Maharaj in front and troubling @ @ @ @ @ @ @ been out lbw to Anderson too but England failed to spot the ball had hit the skipper 's pad before his bat .
With five wickets still needed in the final session , Anderson tried two overs but was clearly not fit and England needed others to step up .
Broad went first , getting Van der Dussen to glance a leg-side delivery to Anderson , who had been moved into that position after the previous delivery , before Stokes ' brilliant late surge .
England were comfortably beaten by 107 runs in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on a strong position in the first innings here , needing Pope 's enterprising 61 not out to at least post a competitive total .
Yet the tourists were much improved from that point on , putting in comfortably their best bowling performance of the winter to dismiss South Africa for 223 and claim a 46-run first-innings lead .
The top order then batted with the patience that has been lacking in recent years , with opener Dom Sibley compiling a sublime 133 not out , to lay a platform that allowed Stokes @ @ @ @ @ @ @ balls and set up the declaration .
England may have had the best part of five sessions to bowl South Africa out , but the pitch had slowed and flattened out and the obdurate hosts had Du Plessis and Philander , who have experience of saving matches in similar situations .
So to force victory in this fashion was hugely encouraging and gives England coach Chris Silverwood a welcome first win of his tenure .
The hosts were never interested in chasing down a record 438 for victory and showed great resilience for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Opener Malan , making his debut at 30 , was particularly impressive and could only be undone by a superb delivery from Curran .
But ultimately batsman error cost the hosts , with Du Plessis coaxed into sweeping Dom Bess straight to Denly by England putting a fielder in at silly point and Van der Dussen playing at a ball he could have left .
De Kock made the worst mistake and looked horrified as he slowly dragged himself from the field after falling to part-time leg-spinner Denly .
Yet the hosts showed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ two close Tests to come .
And in a week of much debate about whether Tests should become four days , Cape Town delivered a five-day thriller .
'What an advertisement for Test cricket ' - what they said England all-rounder Ben Stokes : `` It 's why five-day cricket should always be around .
It 's the best form of the game .
`` We have three members of the group who are 21 .
The future looks great for us .
We showed an outstanding amount of character . ''
England @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a brilliant performance by the whole group .
We showed a great amount of character , patience and a lot of belief .
Credit to South Africa - they threw a lot back at us and made it difficult .
`` You can put Ben Stokes in any situation and he will stand up for you .
He plays 100 % for the team and is a brilliant role model for all of the guys coming through . ''
South Africa captain Faf du Plessis : `` What an advertisement for Test cricket @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on the losing side .
All I asked for was a team effort and we fought hard .
There has to a winner .
`` Credit to England , they had a little bit more in the tank than we had . ''

Last updated on .From the section Cricket
Ben Stokes claimed a superb 3-35 to take England to victory at Cape Town
Second Test, Newlands, Cape Town (day five of five): England 269 & 391-8 dec (Sibley 133*, Stokes 72) South Africa 223 (Elgar 88, Anderson 5-40) & 248 (Malan 84, Stokes 3-35) England won by 189 runs; series level at 1-1 Scorecard
England forced a dramatic 189-run victory over South Africa late on day five of the second Test in Cape Town to level the series at 1-1.
With the tourists still needing three wickets in the final hour, man of the match Ben Stokes claimed them all to cap a stunning all-round performance.
He removed Dwaine Pretorius and Anrich Nortje in consecutive balls before dismissing Vernon Philander to secure the win with just 8.2 overs remaining.
The Proteas looked to be grinding their way to a draw, with opener Pieter Malan making a superb 84 off 288 balls on debut, before Rassie van der Dussen and Quinton de Kock resisted for almost 34 overs.
England's attack was also limited with all-time highest Test wicket-taker James Anderson missing most of the last two sessions because of injury.
But De Kock slapped a long hop from Joe Denly to mid-wicket to fall for 50 and Van der Dussen, who spent 140 balls over his 17, flicked Stuart Broad to leg gully.
England's chance of victory was boosted but they still needed Stokes to seize it, the all-rounder finding seam movement and bounce in a devastating spell to secure the tourists' first win at Newlands since 1957.
The third Test of the four-match series starts in Port Elizabeth on 16 January.
Stokes stars in Anderson absence
'I'm just trying to be Ben Stokes'
Stokes had a majestic 2019 - he starred in England's World Cup final win, led his side to a remarkable one-wicket win over Australia at Headingley in the Ashes and won BBC Sports Personality of the Year.
After a tough start to this tour for Stokes, whose his father Ged spent Christmas in intensive care in a South African hospital, and for England in general, the Durham all-rounder has ensured a spectacular start to 2020.
In his final spell, Newlands finally looked like a real fifth-day pitch, Stokes finding pace and bounce to have Pretorius and Nortje caught in the slips - the latter off a fine juggling effort by Zak Crawley - before Philander fended a brutal ball to Ollie Pope.
It was a vital intervention in the absence of Anderson, who was excellent in his opening spell, pinning Keshav Maharaj in front and troubling Faf du Plessis, who would have been out lbw to Anderson too but England failed to spot the ball had hit the skipper's pad before his bat.
With five wickets still needed in the final session, Anderson tried two overs but was clearly not fit and England needed others to step up.
Broad went first, getting Van der Dussen to glance a leg-side delivery to Anderson, who had been moved into that position after the previous delivery, before Stokes' brilliant late surge.
Improved England square the series
England were comfortably beaten by 107 runs in the first Test and failed to capitalise on a strong position in the first innings here, needing Pope's enterprising 61 not out to at least post a competitive total.
Yet the tourists were much improved from that point on, putting in comfortably their best bowling performance of the winter to dismiss South Africa for 223 and claim a 46-run first-innings lead.
The top order then batted with the patience that has been lacking in recent years, with opener Dom Sibley compiling a sublime 133 not out, to lay a platform that allowed Stokes to blast a magnificent 72 off 47 balls and set up the declaration.
England may have had the best part of five sessions to bowl South Africa out, but the pitch had slowed and flattened out and the obdurate hosts had Du Plessis and Philander, who have experience of saving matches in similar situations.
So to force victory in this fashion was hugely encouraging and gives England coach Chris Silverwood a welcome first win of his tenure.
Gritty South Africa fall short
South Africa captain Faf du Plessis fell to Dom Bess for 19
The hosts were never interested in chasing down a record 438 for victory and showed great resilience for much of days four and five.
Opener Malan, making his debut at 30, was particularly impressive and could only be undone by a superb delivery from Curran.
But ultimately batsman error cost the hosts, with Du Plessis coaxed into sweeping Dom Bess straight to Denly by England putting a fielder in at silly point and Van der Dussen playing at a ball he could have left.
De Kock made the worst mistake and looked horrified as he slowly dragged himself from the field after falling to part-time leg-spinner Denly.
Yet the hosts showed impressive fight to hopefully indicate there are two close Tests to come.
And in a week of much debate about whether Tests should become four days, Cape Town delivered a five-day thriller.
'What an advertisement for Test cricket' - what they said
England all-rounder Ben Stokes: "It's why five-day cricket should always be around. It's the best form of the game.
"We have three members of the group who are 21. The future looks great for us. We showed an outstanding amount of character."
England captain Joe Root: "It was a brilliant performance by the whole group. We showed a great amount of character, patience and a lot of belief. Credit to South Africa - they threw a lot back at us and made it difficult.
"You can put Ben Stokes in any situation and he will stand up for you. He plays 100% for the team and is a brilliant role model for all of the guys coming through."
South Africa captain Faf du Plessis: "What an advertisement for Test cricket. It's sad to to be on the losing side. All I asked for was a team effort and we fought hard. There has to a winner.
"Credit to England, they had a little bit more in the tank than we had."


bbc--2020-01-07--Malaga suspend coach Victor Sanchez over explicit video

Spanish side Malaga have suspended head coach Victor Sanchez after an explicit video of the 43-year-old was posted on social media .
The second-tier side said an investigation had been launched .
Writing on Twitter , Sanchez said he had been blackmailed over the video prior to it being published .
`` I am being subjected to a crime against my privacy with harassment and extortion , '' he said .
`` The matter is in the hands of the police and I entrust myself to follow their instructions .
`` Sharing or disseminating an intimate content of any person @ @ @ @ @ @ @ through social networks or messages or in any other way .
Thank you for your understanding and support . ''
Malaga are currently 16th in the Spanish Segunda Division .
`` In relation to the events that have recently been discovered , and which have not as yet been verified , Malaga CF immediately suspends coach Víctor Sanchez del Amo from his duties until a full investigation is carried out , '' the club said in a statement .
`` We will disclose further information once the facts have been clarified . ''
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Thani , in an apparent reference to Sanchez , wrote on twitter : `` Be strong and say I make a mistake . ''

Last updated on .From the section European Football
Sanchez was appointed Malaga manager in April 2019
Spanish side Malaga have suspended head coach Victor Sanchez after an explicit video of the 43-year-old was posted on social media.
The second-tier side said an investigation had been launched.
Writing on Twitter, Sanchez said he had been blackmailed over the video prior to it being published.
"I am being subjected to a crime against my privacy with harassment and extortion," he said.
"The matter is in the hands of the police and I entrust myself to follow their instructions.
"Sharing or disseminating an intimate content of any person without consent is also a crime either through social networks or messages or in any other way. Thank you for your understanding and support."
Malaga are currently 16th in the Spanish Segunda Division.
"In relation to the events that have recently been discovered, and which have not as yet been verified, Malaga CF immediately suspends coach Víctor Sanchez del Amo from his duties until a full investigation is carried out," the club said in a statement.
"We will disclose further information once the facts have been clarified."


bbc--2020-01-07--Tottenham midfielder Sissoko out until April after surgery

Tottenham Hotspur midfielder Moussa Sissoko has been ruled out until April after having knee surgery .
Sissoko , 30 , @ @ @ @ @ ( MCL ) in his right knee during Spurs ' 1-0 defeat at Southampton on @ @ @ @ @ The France international has featured in 20 of Spurs ' 21 Premier League games this @ @ @ @ @ The club said his recovery will be monitored with `` a view to returning to @ @ @ @ @ .
Last week , Tottenham announced striker Harry Kane will be sidelined with a torn @ @ @ @ @ was given for the England captain 's return .
Spurs are sixth in the Premier @ @ @ @ @ fourth-placed Chelsea .

Last updated on .From the section Tottenham
Sissoko injured his right knee at Southampton on New Year's Day
Tottenham Hotspur midfielder Moussa Sissoko has been ruled out until April after having knee surgery.
Sissoko, 30, injured the medial collateral ligament (MCL) in his right knee during Spurs' 1-0 defeat at Southampton on New Year's Day.
The France international has featured in 20 of Spurs' 21 Premier League games this season, scoring twice.
The club said his recovery will be monitored with "a view to returning to training in early April".
Last week, Tottenham announced striker Harry Kane will be sidelined with a torn hamstring, although no timescale was given for the England captain's return.
Spurs are sixth in the Premier League, five points behind fourth-placed Chelsea.


bbc--2020-01-07--Stokes born for the big moments, says England captain Root

Joe Root said Ben Stokes is `` born for the big moments '' after the all-rounder inspired England to victory in the second Test against South Africa .
All-rounder Stokes hit 72 from 47 balls , took six catches and claimed the last three wickets in England 's 189-run win in Cape Town .
`` He 's someone that never backs down from a challenge , '' captain Root told the Test Match Special podcast .
`` You put him in difficult situations and he will never shy away from it . ''
Stokes ' performance came in England 's @ @ @ @ @ @ @ stellar 2019 that ended with him being crowned as the BBC Sport 's Personality of the Year .
The 28-year-old was the catalyst for England 's victory in the World Cup final and followed that up by playing one of the all-time great Test innings in the third Ashes Test against Australia .
`` You look at all the special things he has done in the past year , '' added Root .
`` He 's a great example to a young group of players . ''
• Anderson to have scan on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the 2016 World T20 , when England looked set for victory , only for Stokes to be hit for four consecutive sixes in the last over by West Indies ' Carlos Brathwaite .
`` He put himself in that situation , '' said Root .
`` He 's been through both sides of it and he 's still very keen to try to deliver for England . ''
Stokes ' brutal hitting , on a ground where he smashed 258 four years ago , allowed England to hasten their second-innings declaration on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ taken an England record five catches in the first innings and added a sixth in the second .
After some stubborn South African resistance , the tourists still needed to take five wickets in the final session of the fifth day and , with James Anderson struggling with an injury , it was Stokes ' pace and movement that ran through the home tail .
Before the first Test , which England lost , Stokes ' father was admitted to hospital with a serious illness .
Ged Stokes has since been released from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the thought of his father gave him extra motivation on the final afternoon .
`` I always wear this shirt with most amount of pride I possibly can , '' he said .
`` But there was a bit more there this week .
I always had my dad in the back of my mind .
I hope I 've made him proud . ''
The dramatic finish to the second Test - England only completed victory with 8.2 overs to spare - comes at a time when the International Cricket Council is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ game to four days .
Before this Test , Root said that there could be `` a place '' for four-day Tests , either across the board or mixed in with five-day matches .
However , both he and Stokes spoke of the merits of five-day cricket in the aftermath of the series-levelling victory .
`` Today has shown why it should be five days , '' said Stokes .
Root added : `` What a great win that was .
A great five days of cricket .
You would n't see it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ would you ?
It 's a great advert for five-day Test matches . ''

Last updated on .From the section Cricket
'I'm just trying to be Ben Stokes'
Joe Root said Ben Stokes is "born for the big moments" after the all-rounder inspired England to victory in the second Test against South Africa.
All-rounder Stokes hit 72 from 47 balls, took six catches and claimed the last three wickets in England's 189-run win in Cape Town.
"He's someone that never backs down from a challenge," captain Root told the Test Match Special podcast.
"You put him in difficult situations and he will never shy away from it."
Stokes' performance came in England's first Test of 2020 and followed a stellar 2019 that ended with him being crowned as the BBC Sport's Personality of the Year.
The 28-year-old was the catalyst for England's victory in the World Cup final and followed that up by playing one of the all-time great Test innings in the third Ashes Test against Australia.
"You look at all the special things he has done in the past year," added Root. "He's a great example to a young group of players."
Root also referenced the final of the 2016 World T20, when England looked set for victory, only for Stokes to be hit for four consecutive sixes in the last over by West Indies' Carlos Brathwaite.
"He put himself in that situation," said Root. "He's been through both sides of it and he's still very keen to try to deliver for England."
Stokes' brutal hitting, on a ground where he smashed 258 four years ago, allowed England to hasten their second-innings declaration on the fourth day.
He had already taken an England record five catches in the first innings and added a sixth in the second.
After some stubborn South African resistance, the tourists still needed to take five wickets in the final session of the fifth day and, with James Anderson struggling with an injury, it was Stokes' pace and movement that ran through the home tail.
Before the first Test, which England lost, Stokes' father was admitted to hospital with a serious illness.
Ged Stokes has since been released from intensive care, but Ben admitted that the thought of his father gave him extra motivation on the final afternoon.
"I always wear this shirt with most amount of pride I possibly can," he said. "But there was a bit more there this week. I always had my dad in the back of my mind. I hope I've made him proud."
The dramatic finish to the second Test - England only completed victory with 8.2 overs to spare - comes at a time when the International Cricket Council is considering reducing the longest form of the game to four days.
Before this Test, Root said that there could be "a place" for four-day Tests, either across the board or mixed in with five-day matches.
However, both he and Stokes spoke of the merits of five-day cricket in the aftermath of the series-levelling victory.
"Today has shown why it should be five days," said Stokes.
Root added: "What a great win that was. A great five days of cricket. You wouldn't see it if it was a four-day game, would you? It's a great advert for five-day Test matches."


bbc--2020-01-07--INSIDE IRAN: Why Soleimani funeral was so big

Some of the biggest crowds ever seen for a funeral in Iran turned out for that of Qasem Soleimani , the top commander killed in a US air strike last week .
In scale , it was second only to the funeral in 1989 of Ayatollah Khomeini , the founder of the Islamic revolution .
These scenes are perhaps surprising to outsiders , and even to some of the country 's most senior leaders .
Only seven weeks ago , Iran witnessed the most violent anti-government demonstrations in decades .
Security forces killed anywhere between 330 and 1,500 protesters in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Thousands more were injured and arrested .
So why have so many people come out to pay homage to Soleimani ?
There is no doubt that feelings are running high .
Arguably the most important man in the country 's armed forces has been assassinated by the US , which for many is the arch-enemy of Iran .
Iran 's Foreign Minister Javad Zarif took to Twitter with a message to President Donald Trump : `` Have you seen such a sea of humanity in your life ?
... Do you still @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a great nation and its people ? ''
But it is also clear that the government launched a massive effort to mobilise as many people as possible .
The huge turnout sent a strong signal to President Trump that the government enjoys widespread support .
• Voices from Iran : 'Soleimani did not deserve such a fate' It also sent the message that any foreign aggression would rally Iranians behind their leaders and any war could well be long and costly .
For years , whenever they were short of answers to big @ @ @ @ @ @ @ have relied on mass shows of popular support .
Historically , rallies have been to intimidate and silence opposition .
The organisers are now expert in their work .
From declaring national holidays to rallying university students or demanding that military personnel and government employees come out with their families , every method of gathering crowds has been used .
Buses , trains and trucks are provided to transport people from villages and towns across Iran to rallies that are relentless advertised by state TV .
People turn up in large numbers because @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Hardline organisers have powerful supporters , including in the Basij paramilitary force and in the Revolutionary Guards , who can always be relied on to do their duty .
Other factors help explain why so many ordinary Iranians closed ranks behind the country 's leaders .
Some see Soleimani as a hero who devoted his life to defending the country .
They feel he was uncorrupted and dedicated to his work , unlike many senior soldiers and officials .
He was also a commander of the Revolutionary Guards for much of the eight-year @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Iranians - in spite of Western support for Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein - managed to stop Iraqi forces from overrunning their country .
• Is the Iran nuclear deal dead and buried ?
In recent years , Qasem Soleimani also helped check Islamic State ( IS ) jihadists in Iraq , who had advanced almost to the Iranian border .
For nationalist mourners , Soleimani had projected Iranian power in the Arab world .
He was seen as the architect of Iran 's presence and reach from Lebanon to Syria , Iraq and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ came out of sheer anger at the assassination of an Iranian general abroad .
They felt by killing him , the US was starting a war and that it was time to close ranks in defence of the country .
Former Tehran university professor Sadegh Zibakalam tweeted from the capital that in spite of efforts by the hardliners to own Soleimani , he was a national figure .
Another factor behind the high turnout was loose talk from President Trump .
He tweeted that the US had selected 52 targets in Iran for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ avenge Soleimani 's death .
He said these included a number of sites of cultural importance to Iran .
Attacking cultural centres is a war crime .
It was immediately clear that this was not the way for the US to win hearts and minds in a country proud of a history that goes back thousands of years .
• Trump under fire for threat to Iran cultural sites But many millions did not join the crowds - including those who did not see Soleimani as a force for good .
They saw @ @ @ @ @ @ @ oppressive machine .
The reformists in Iran have not forgotten that he was one of 12 commanders to wrote to then-President Mohammad Khatami in 1999 threatening a coup unless he put an end to university unrest .
Many saw him as the architect of Iran 's misguided involvement in the regional wars .
He directed Hezbollah forces in southern Lebanon in the fighting against Israel in 2006 .
He involved Iran in the civil war in Syria , where pro-Iranian forces he organised were responsible for thousands of civilian deaths .
He established @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Iraq that operated outside government control , brought instability to that country , and helped create the condition for IS to rise .
In Yemen , he involved Iran in support of Shia Houthis who had overthrown the elected government .
Billions of dollars of Iranian money that could have been spent at home to help the millions living in poverty were instead spent on faraway adventures .
Most importantly , as it is now clear , in life his activities across the region brought Iran close to a war with the US @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Perhaps he has brought Iran even closer to that reality in death .

Some of the biggest crowds ever seen for a funeral in Iran turned out for that of Qasem Soleimani, the top commander killed in a US air strike last week. In scale, it was second only to the funeral in 1989 of Ayatollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic revolution.


bbc--2020-01-07--WATCH: Pompeo mocks Iran's 'first-order propaganda'

US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo mocks the Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif 's statement that Iranian General Qasem Soleimani @ @ @ @ @ a diplomatic mission .
Pompeo added that Zarif is a `` propagandist of the first @ @ @

US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo mocks the Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif's statement that Iranian General Qasem Soleimani was travelling to Baghdad on a diplomatic mission.
Pompeo added that Zarif is a "propagandist of the first order".