bbc--2020-06-25--Can you remove a statue without erasing the past?

When a country has statues of people that no longer reflect its values , what is the best solution ?
Is there a way of addressing the past without erasing it ?
And is doing nothing an option ?
The BBC 's Kavita Puri speaks to four people about possible lessons to be drawn from Iraq , Germany , India and the US .
It was a beautiful spring day in East Baghdad in April , 2003 and Ghaith Abdul-Ahad 's neighbour came to him shouting , `` The Americans are here . ''
Abdul-Ahad went out into the street @ @ @ @ @ @ @ pointing their guns .
They were moving towards what was then known as Firdos Square , in the middle of which was an enormous statue of Iraq 's President , Saddam Hussein , his right arm stretched into the sky , waving to his people .
A crowd of Iraqis had now gathered in the square .
`` It became clear that the city had fallen , '' Abdul-Ahad says .
Iraqi civilians moved towards the bottom of the statue .
They tried to knock down the thick , concrete pedestal , but @ @ @ @ @ @ @ armoured vehicle appeared .
A marine got out and put a huge rope around the statue .
He climbed to the top of Saddam 's head , holding an American flag .
Abdul-Ahad was watching the marine as he tried to place the flag , thinking , `` No do n't do that . ''
The statue was pulled down by the crowd .
It was dragged through the street .
And the iconic image was then captured of men , taking their flip flops off , and using them to beat the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ were `` just breaking that domination of the regime , '' Abdul-Ahad says .
Baghdad 's many statues of the country 's leader had been a symbol of oppression , `` the eyes and moustache of Saddam following you wherever you go '' he says .
The day they fell `` was the moment , you realise that 30 years of oppressive rule has finally collapsed , that this person who had been dominating our lives - he was bigger than God for us - is finally gone and he 's removed .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ or sold to collectors .
No-one really knows what happened to them all .
They just disappeared .
The plinth where Saddam 's statue once stood was empty for a long time .
As a sectarian war raged , no-one could agree what should be in its place - would it be a Shia , Sunni or Kurdish monument ?
It was finally removed altogether and is now a park .
`` We come here now , 2020 , we do n't see any images from the Saddam era and that helps the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , now a journalist for the Guardian .
He does n't want the statue of Saddam to be in the centre of Baghdad , staring down at him as it used to .
But he would have a liked it to be housed in a museum or a park in the country , otherwise he fears that period of history will be forgotten altogether .
It 's important he says that `` the young generation , the children in 100 years ' time , can look at it and say , 'Oh , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Iraq . '
'' If you walk around German cities you will find virtually no statues of the Nazi era .
Many were destroyed by heavy bombing during World War Two - and later melted and reused during rebuilding .
An order issued by the victorious Allies in 1946 decreed that any manifestation of the Third Reich , including statues , were illegal and to be destroyed .
`` How can a country go on with statues of oppressors and of dictators ? ''
asks Daniel Libeskind , the architect of the Jewish @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to get rid of everything that offends justice and truth .
And that 's what Germany did . ''
But getting rid of statues does n't have to mean erasing the memory of history too .
• Listen to Why do we care about statues ?
on The Inquiry , on the BBC World Service For Germany , remembrance did not happen immediately after the war .
However , in the 1960s and 70s the country began to reflect on its difficult past .
Now the teaching of the Holocaust and the Nazi @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Almost all students have either visited a concentration camp or a Holocaust memorial or museum .
Rather than maintaining statues , the country chose to focus on its crimes and their victims .
Libeskind , the son of Holocaust survivors , originally from Lodz in Poland , believes Germany has made an `` amazing statement '' to the world that it 's possible to face unspeakable crimes and be a successful democracy .
In the late 1980s he entered a competition to design Berlin 's Jewish Museum .
He won and felt the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ so much more than just the design of a building , '' he says .
The challenge was to work out how historical truth could be communicated to generations who had never experienced that era .
He began by creating a void , `` which is the centre of the museum , which is an emptiness , an empty space where nothing is really exhibited , but you feel that this emptiness speaks to you about what happened in history , that can not be exhibited , '' he says .
So difficult @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Even the word `` statue '' strikes Libeskind as old-fashioned .
`` I think it 's about more than statues today .
It 's about creating spaces , public spaces that can make people care about things they did n't know about . ''
In northern Delhi there is a large park .
It 's slightly overgrown , stray dogs wander around , sometimes children play cricket there .
In it are statues , some covered in graffiti .
After India won independence in August 1947 , there was no clamour to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ from the boulevards and roundabouts of the capital .
Over time , some were sold to Britain and others moved to this place , known as Coronation Park .
It had been the site where lavish ceremonies - known as durbars - took place when a new British monarch took to the throne .
Today it is where effigies of former officials from the colonial era have been stored , `` out of sight , out of mind '' , as AGK Menon , the founder of the Indian National Trust for Art @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` And that 's how it got the name , '' he says .
`` A graveyard of statues . ''
The most iconic of the statues is King George V. At around 70ft tall , it stood in the heart of Delhi , near India Gate on the road leading to the Viceroy 's House .
Well over a decade after independence it no longer felt right to have the statue of a British King in such a prominent position .
He was dismantled and taken to the place where he attended @ @ @ @ @ @ @ India in 1911 .
AGK Menon wanted to use the statues to tell the history of Delhi .
During the Delhi Durbar , George V had laid the first foundation stone of the new imperial capital in Coronation Park .
Menon 's aim was to open a new , refurbished version of the park on the centenary of this occasion in 2011 , with plaques providing historical context .
`` We have to recognise the fact something happened .
There was a colonial government , there was a decision to make Delhi , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Let us celebrate the fact that this is where New Delhi started , '' he says .
Work started , but then a new government withdrew support .
The park remains derelict , containing the Raj-era statues .
Perhaps it 's a sign that it 's still difficult for Indians to talk about their colonial past .
`` Some Indians are not comfortable with it ; others are .
But somehow it is still a very live political fuel , '' says AGK Menon .
`` So it does have a sort @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' There certainly still is unfinished business .
The plinth of George V stands empty in the centre of Delhi .
No-one could agree what should go there .
Scattered across southern states in America are statues commemorating Confederate leaders and soldiers , who fought in the American civil war to continue the practice of slavery .
They lost the war , but decades later these monuments celebrating notable Confederate veterans started to appear in town squares .
Sarah Beetham , chair of liberal arts at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts @ @ @ @ @ @ @ county courthouse lawns , where many African Americans would be judged .
`` And they very much borrow the language of victory monuments from the ancient Roman past . ''
In theory , the civil war gave equal rights to African Americans , but in reality racial segregation persisted , so the South won what Beetham describes as a `` sort of shadow war '' .
`` These monuments are victory monuments to winning that shadow war , '' she says .
Statues such as the one of Confederate general Robert E Lee @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in 1890 , were central to the continuation of the Confederate movement , and a permanent reminder of white supremacy , Beetham argues .
These monuments were never completely accepted .
Journalist John Mitchell , for example , wrote editorials in the Richmond Planet newspaper at the time , saying prophetically `` that black workers had been conscripted to put the statue up and that one day they would still be there to take the statue down , '' Beetham says .
The southern states defended the existence of the statues , arguing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ military heroism rather than defending slavery .
They also cast the war as a defence of states ' rights , against the powers of the federal government .
• The stories behind the statues targeted in protests • Why Nascar is banning the Confederate flag from its races It was n't until 2015 that the movement to remove these statues really took hold .
It started after the shooting of nine black parishioners at the Emanuel Church in Charleston , South Carolina .
The killer was later discovered with a pistol and a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that as the moment when the Black Lives Matter movement explicitly linked such violent attacks to the long history of racism symbolised by Confederate monuments .
Now , with mass protests across America following the murder of African American George Floyd , many protests have coalesced around these statues .
In Virginia a number have been pulled down , including that of the former Confederate president , Jefferson Davis .
Sarah Beetham says : `` Statues are n't history .
They are historical objects .
The fact that people are attacking them today @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and that we see them in some ways as kind of reflection of ourselves and our own values . ''
As long as there have been statues , she says , there have been people who destroy them .
`` There 's something about a group of people taking out their anger against much broader inequalities but focusing it on an object that looks like a human being . ''
She says the statue of the British King George III in New York is a good example .
It was destroyed during the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ melted into 40,000 bullets , which were then used against the British .
Loyalists tried to preserve parts of the statue by burying them underground - remnants are are still occasionally unearthed today .
Virginia 's governor has said that the statue of Robert E Lee in Richmond will now be removed and put into storage .
Although hundreds more statues remain , Sarah Beetham hopes the dismantling of this one , and perhaps others , means the country will now start to confront its past .
`` It says that maybe finally @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of reckoning about what the Civil War was actually about .
And if Robert E Lee is going to come down now , maybe we 're ready to atone for some of these things and to finally process them and figure out what they mean for us .
And I really hope that that 's true . ''
You may also be interested in : We name buildings after people , or put up statues to them , because we respect them .
But what if we then discover they did wrong ?
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ renamed , or the statue be removed , asks the BBC 's in-house philosopher , David Edmonds .
How do you decide when a statue must fall ?

After India won independence in August 1947, there was no clamour to remove the statues of monarchs and viceroys from the boulevards and roundabouts of the capital. Over time, some were sold to Britain and others moved to this place, known as Coronation Park. It had been the site where lavish ceremonies - known as durbars - took place when a new British monarch took to the throne. Today it is where effigies of former officials from the colonial era have been stored, "out of sight, out of mind", as AGK Menon, the founder of the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage, puts it.


bbc--2020-06-24--Israel annexation: New border plans leave Palestinians in despair

Israel 's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu could annex parts of the occupied West Bank this summer .
He says the move , stemming from US President Donald Trump 's peace plan , will write another `` glorious chapter in the history of Zionism '' .
The Palestinians are defiant .
They say they are pulling out of previous agreements , risking their own fragile governing authority .
To them , the move means the loss of vital land for a future state and a death blow to dreams of self-determination .
Much of the global community looks on with growing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ clear violation of international law , while warnings echo of a `` hot summer '' of boiling tensions .
How is the groundwork being laid ahead of what is potentially one of the most significant policy moves in the region in years ?
'Do it right ! '
My journey starts along the main highway heading south out of Jerusalem .
The road is named after Menachem Begin , the former Jewish militant leader who became Israel 's sixth prime minister .
He is an icon of right-wing nationalism , founding the movement @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the party now led by Benjamin Netanyahu .
The highway ramp dips past a 12-storey building covered in a giant poster of Mr Netanyahu and President Trump .
`` No to a Palestinian state ! ''
it proclaims in Hebrew .
`` Sovereignty - do it right ! ''
It 's a message for , not by , the current Israeli and US leaders .
It 's from a group of mayors of Jewish settlements in the West Bank - the territory they see as their Biblical heartland .
The mayors want to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 30 % of the West Bank that is on the table from Mr Trump .
With Mr Netanyahu soon able to bring proposals to his cabinet or parliament to `` apply Israeli law '' to parts of the territory , the mayors are giving him a headache from his political right .
It 's a sign of how the argument has shifted in Israel over the years .
I drive on , leaving the Begin Highway behind , passing a military checkpoint and joining a smaller road that winds its way into the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ three million Palestinians , and to almost half a million Israelis living in settlements .
'My peach is not Trump 's to give' Among grapevines and olive trees , Mohammed Yehya Ayer shows me his land .
We 're on a ridge outside the Palestinian village of Irtas .
Some of the West Bank 's familiar colour codes are on display .
Orange rooftops curve across a hilltop to the south-west - the neat suburban layout of the Israeli settlement of Efrat .
Beyond its fenced-off edges the land sweeps down into an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ burnt ochre and rocks , before the habitation picks up again - the grey concrete blocks of Dheisheh , a sprawling urban refugee camp on the edge of the Palestinian city of Bethlehem .
I ask Mohammed what he thinks of Mr Netanyahu 's recent statements .
`` It does n't mean anything , '' he tells me .
`` These areas are already [ as good as ] annexed ...
It 's all in their hands . ''
Mohammed goes on to explain his view .
His family farmed the land here @ @ @ @ @ @ @ established in the 1980s , things began to change .
He describes a frequent struggle over control .
`` If I put 10 bricks here [ to build a structure ] , the Israeli authorities come and demolish them , '' he says .
`` Israelis ... make suggestions and seize more lands on the pretext they are state land ... and the government helps the settlers . ''
Israel is planning a new settlement , called Givat Eitam , north-east of where I walk with Mohammed .
It would be considered a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is within an area sandwiched between the two settlements .
`` If Efrat builds there by force , they might install gates and fences and not allow us to cross our lands , '' he says .
`` They would tell us to get special permits and approvals . ''
The Israeli authorities routinely point out that fence routes can be challenged in the planning process or the courts .
They declined to comment on the specific claim about access if Givat Eitam goes ahead .
Judges are due to rule on an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ settlement itself .
I put it to Mohammed that the Trump plan envisages the Palestinians having a state on 70 % of the West Bank and a freeze on settlement expansion for four years in places outside of Israeli-annexed areas .
`` Who is Trump to promise anything ?
Is this property owned by him ? ''
he asks holding up his fruit .
`` I can give this peach to you because I own it .
But if I do n't have it , how could I offer it to you ?
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ side and we can do what we want' It 's not far to Efrat .
But the journey shows the West Bank 's sharp contrasts .
Before a watchtower , concrete stumps alongside a dust road mark out a future line to extend Israel 's network of walls , fences and checkpoints - the separation barrier .
Its construction began during the second Palestinian intifada , or uprising , of 2000-2005 , when suicide bombings frequently killed Israelis and Israel launched sweeping incursions into West Bank cities .
Israel says the barrier saves @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to grab land .
The settlements are seen as illegal under international law , stemming from the prohibition on countries transferring part of their populations to areas under military occupation .
Israel rejects this , arguing the territory is `` disputed '' rather than occupied .
An armed guard waves me past a checkpoint into Efrat 's quiet streets .
The Trump plan is a big break from previous peace proposals .
Some speculate that these could have led to Israel formally gaining the big settlement blocs - including the bloc containing Efrat @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a negotiated deal with the Palestinians , who want the West Bank as part of their future state .
Most of the big settlement blocs are just across the Green Line , the armistice line from before the 1967 Arab-Israeli war , when Israel captured the West Bank from Jordanian control .
But President Trump 's plan potentially awards American recognition to Israel for all the settlements and the strategically vital Jordan Valley - before any negotiations with the Palestinians .
Outside a waffle bar , I chat to Yedidia Mosawi and Sharon @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Yedidia tells me he works in security and comes from a settlement further south , near Hebron .
`` It 's an amazing place , very important for Israel , '' he says of the West Bank - or the Hebrew Biblical name of Judea and Samaria , as many Israelis refer to it .
I ask about Mr Netanyahu 's plans .
He suggests it 's not enough .
`` [ We should ] apply Israeli law to all of this land .
It 's ours in history .
For the Jewish @ @ @ @ @ @ @ we do n't have another country to go to . ''
Sharon adds : `` You ca n't tell people to go from their land , their home . ''
I arrive at the mayor 's office .
Outside is a picture of a floor mosaic found in Jordan in the 1880s .
It is known as the Madaba map , a portrayal of the Holy Land in the 6th Century .
One of its Greek inscriptions , next to Bethlehem , references the Biblical location of Ephratah .
The Israeli settlement of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Oded Revivi is well aware of the religious and ideological connections to the land , although he says it is not the main driving force for most settlers .
Many , as he did in the 1990s , come for potentially cheaper homes in a ready formed Jewish community .
Mr Revivi talks to Mr Netanyahu .
He knows members of the American-Israeli mapping team charged with working out the territorial boundaries of annexation , and he backed the Trump plan from the start .
`` I thought it was a genuine attempt @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to solve the conflict , '' he says .
What of his fellow mayors attacking the prime minister from the right , claiming Israeli rights to even more of the West Bank ?
Mr Revivi jabs at some of his colleagues politely .
`` Such an attitude derives from not quite understanding the global village we live in , '' he says , referring to the strong counter-views of much of the outside world to any annexation .
`` That we can think we are strong and mighty , and that God is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ do whatever we want . ''
You need to understand the Trump deal in stages , he says .
`` This is stage one . ''
Opponents see the Trump plan as nothing more than a way to formalise a de-facto reality developed on the ground for half a century in breach of international law .
I arrive in the shadow of a huge bridge being constructed - a doubling of the road running from the Begin Highway that forges its way into the West Bank , connecting Jerusalem to Efrat and the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a few metres from a section of the separation barrier - an 8m-high ( 26ft ) concrete wall here that conceals from our view Palestinian homes on the other side , as cars bearing Israeli number plates zoom across the bridge above us .
This is the `` whole story of the West Bank in the last 53 years '' , according to Dror Etkes , who runs the Israeli non-governmental organisation Kerem Navot ( Navot 's Vineyard - named after a Biblical figure murdered for his land ) , which monitors settlement @ @ @ @ @ @ @ from the Palestinians and giving to the Israelis .
The way you do it is confiscating land and allocating only to Israelis .
That 's one .
And the other is sealing up and preventing the expansion of Palestinian communities , '' he says .
Mr Etkes says this is the biggest boom in infrastructure projects carried out by Israel in the West Bank in two decades .
More roads , water pipelines and sewage purification systems are being built , he says , to allow for significant future growth in settler numbers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ warn that annexation could leave people like Mohammed Ayer in territorial enclaves .
A study by the US think tank the Washington Institute suggests `` full annexation '' by Israel of up to 30 % of the West Bank could affect almost 110,000 Palestinians .
Mr Netanyahu has said those in the Jordan Valley , for example , would remain `` Palestinian subjects '' .
Critics fear that means they would effectively live in islands of only Palestinian civil control , surrounded by land under full Israeli jurisdiction .
The Palestinian leadership , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the United Nations Human Rights Council , say this would formalise a system of `` apartheid '' in the West Bank - two peoples ruled by one state in the same space with unequal rights .
Some Israeli opposition figures from Jewish majority parties view the plan as a nightmare , being carried out carelessly .
They see little gain from unilateral annexation , while leaving Israel 's global image tarnished .
But retired Israeli Brigadier-General Yossi Kuperwasser believes the numbers of Palestinians caught in any unilateral application of sovereignty would be `` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ receive Israeli residency in the interim and suggests the Palestinian leadership should engage with the Trump administration .
`` This was the logic of the US peace plan , '' he says .
`` The Palestinians are going to be citizens of the future Palestinian state . ''
'We are not going to throw away the key and go home' The drive to the Palestinian city of Ramallah is often complicated .
The city has a small number of entry and exit points , and big traffic jams are a constant feature .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Palestinian Authority ( PA ) .
The governing body was born as a result of the Oslo Accords of the 1990s - the high-water mark of Israeli-Palestinian peace-making .
Now , in a bid to increase international pressure to avert annexation , Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas says the PA is no longer bound by agreements with Israel and the US , including on security .
Some fear suspending such co-ordination , if fully delivered , could precipitate a collapse of the PA and the potential for a slide into chaos in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of Palestinian politics , the militant group Hamas - the main rival of President Abbas ' Fatah movement - could try to capitalise and is warning of a confrontation with Israel .
I arrive for a news conference by the Palestinian Prime Minister , Mohammad Shtayyeh .
Security is always tight .
Now there 's also an anti-coronavirus washdown before you enter the building - I step into a booth where I 'm showered with sanitiser fluid , mostly soaking my hair .
The pandemic is slowing entry to the building , but @ @ @ @ @ @ @ politics .
Mr Shtayyeh believes Israel 's plans bring the conflict to a new junction in history .
`` This peace process has reached a serious impasse , '' he says .
`` We are facing a moment of truth for us as a Palestinian leadership . ''
I ask about the prospects for the future of the PA. '' Let 's not fool ourselves , '' he replies .
`` The PA is not a gift from anybody .
It came into being because of the Palestinian people ... We are not @ @ @ @ @ @ @ go home . ''
Mr Shtayyeh accuses the international community of failing to act .
Why does n't his leadership engage with the US and negotiate , he is asked .
He says annexation would amount to the `` destruction '' of a future Palestinian state , and suggests accepting it would leave the PA becoming `` a bunch of traitors - and we will not be '' .
What happens next ?
Mr Netanyahu continues to talk up his plans , despite speculation that they were a gimmick to rally the right @ @ @ @ @ @ @ These territories are where the Jewish nation was born and grew , '' the prime minister said of the settlements when his new coalition government was about to be sworn in in May .
`` [ Applying Israeli law to them ] wo n't distance us from peace .
It will bring us closer . ''
The coalition agreement allows him to bring proposals to the cabinet or the Israeli parliament from 1 July .
The US administration , having signalled in May that it did n't expect the process to be rushed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the proposals Mr Netanyahu arrives at broadly on the conditions that he commits to the Trump plan as a package ( meaning keeping open the possibility of Palestinian negotiations in the next four years ) and that there is consensus among the principle players in the coalition .
This adds to the significance of the views of Benny Gantz , the defence minister and alternate prime minister due to take over from Mr Netanyahu late next year .
Mr Gantz is thought to be less willing to back sweeping unilateral annexation plans and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ countries that have ties with Israel .
The latter - in particular neighbouring Jordan - have voiced vehement opposition to any form of annexation , raising concerns about regional stability if the move goes ahead .
Mr Gantz 's Blue and White party , whose success in the elections was partly down to left-wing votes , is `` walking a tight-rope '' on the issue says Lahav Harkov , diplomatic correspondent at the Jerusalem Post .
While Mr Netanyahu `` wants to push for all of it '' , Mr Gantz and Foreign @ @ @ @ @ @ @ White party colleague , are a lot more reticent , she tells me .
More meetings between these key players seem certain .
I make another return to Begin Highway , this time heading back into Jerusalem .
The Israeli prime minister 's office and the parliament are off a junction heading east .
More history-making could lie on the road ahead .

Israel annexation: New border plans leave Palestinians in despair Published 25 June 2020
Image source, AFP Image caption, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu says settlements - on land claimed by Palestinians - will become part of Israel
Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu could annex parts of the occupied West Bank this summer. He says the move, stemming from US President Donald Trump's peace plan, will write another "glorious chapter in the history of Zionism".
The Palestinians are defiant. They say they are pulling out of previous agreements, risking their own fragile governing authority. To them, the move means the loss of vital land for a future state and a death blow to dreams of self-determination.
Much of the global community looks on with growing concern over what they see as a clear violation of international law, while warnings echo of a "hot summer" of boiling tensions.
How is the groundwork being laid ahead of what is potentially one of the most significant policy moves in the region in years?
'Do it right!'
My journey starts along the main highway heading south out of Jerusalem.
The road is named after Menachem Begin, the former Jewish militant leader who became Israel's sixth prime minister. He is an icon of right-wing nationalism, founding the movement that later merged to become Likud - the party now led by Benjamin Netanyahu.
The highway ramp dips past a 12-storey building covered in a giant poster of Mr Netanyahu and President Trump. "No to a Palestinian state!" it proclaims in Hebrew. "Sovereignty - do it right!"
It's a message for, not by, the current Israeli and US leaders. It's from a group of mayors of Jewish settlements in the West Bank - the territory they see as their Biblical heartland.
Image source, AFP Image caption, Settlers say a Palestinian state in the West Bank would pose a threat
The mayors want to claim Israeli sovereignty over more than the 30% of the West Bank that is on the table from Mr Trump. With Mr Netanyahu soon able to bring proposals to his cabinet or parliament to "apply Israeli law" to parts of the territory, the mayors are giving him a headache from his political right.
It's a sign of how the argument has shifted in Israel over the years.
I drive on, leaving the Begin Highway behind, passing a military checkpoint and joining a smaller road that winds its way into the West Bank, home to up to three million Palestinians, and to almost half a million Israelis living in settlements.
'My peach is not Trump's to give'
Among grapevines and olive trees, Mohammed Yehya Ayer shows me his land.
We're on a ridge outside the Palestinian village of Irtas. Some of the West Bank's familiar colour codes are on display. Orange rooftops curve across a hilltop to the south-west - the neat suburban layout of the Israeli settlement of Efrat.
Image caption, Mohammed Yehya Ayer says parts of the West Bank are "already [as good as] annexed"
Beyond its fenced-off edges the land sweeps down into an empty valley, a dusty gulf of burnt ochre and rocks, before the habitation picks up again - the grey concrete blocks of Dheisheh, a sprawling urban refugee camp on the edge of the Palestinian city of Bethlehem.
Two separated worlds, side by side.
I ask Mohammed what he thinks of Mr Netanyahu's recent statements.
"It doesn't mean anything," he tells me. "These areas are already [as good as] annexed... It's all in their hands."
Mohammed goes on to explain his view.
His family farmed the land here for generations. After Efrat settlement was established in the 1980s, things began to change. He describes a frequent struggle over control.
"If I put 10 bricks here [to build a structure], the Israeli authorities come and demolish them," he says.
"Israelis... make suggestions and seize more lands on the pretext they are state land... and the government helps the settlers."
Israel is planning a new settlement, called Givat Eitam, north-east of where I walk with Mohammed. It would be considered a neighbourhood of Efrat. Mohammed's land is within an area sandwiched between the two settlements.
"If Efrat builds there by force, they might install gates and fences and not allow us to cross our lands," he says. "They would tell us to get special permits and approvals."
The Israeli authorities routinely point out that fence routes can be challenged in the planning process or the courts. They declined to comment on the specific claim about access if Givat Eitam goes ahead.
Judges are due to rule on an appeal against the land allocation for the settlement itself.
I put it to Mohammed that the Trump plan envisages the Palestinians having a state on 70% of the West Bank and a freeze on settlement expansion for four years in places outside of Israeli-annexed areas.
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He handles a freshly picked peach.
"Who is Trump to promise anything? Is this property owned by him?" he asks holding up his fruit. "I can give this peach to you because I own it. But if I don't have it, how could I offer it to you?"
'They say God is on our side and we can do what we want'
It's not far to Efrat. But the journey shows the West Bank's sharp contrasts.
Image caption, Efrat is one of more than 130 Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank
Before a watchtower, concrete stumps alongside a dust road mark out a future line to extend Israel's network of walls, fences and checkpoints - the separation barrier.
Its construction began during the second Palestinian intifada, or uprising, of 2000-2005, when suicide bombings frequently killed Israelis and Israel launched sweeping incursions into West Bank cities.
Israel says the barrier saves lives. Critics call it a device to grab land.
The settlements are seen as illegal under international law, stemming from the prohibition on countries transferring part of their populations to areas under military occupation. Israel rejects this, arguing the territory is "disputed" rather than occupied.
An armed guard waves me past a checkpoint into Efrat's quiet streets.
The Trump plan is a big break from previous peace proposals. Some speculate that these could have led to Israel formally gaining the big settlement blocs - including the bloc containing Efrat, for example - as part of a negotiated deal with the Palestinians, who want the West Bank as part of their future state.
This video can not be played To play this video you need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Media caption, Palestinian President Abbas says Mr Trump's "conspiracy deal won't pass"
Most of the big settlement blocs are just across the Green Line, the armistice line from before the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, when Israel captured the West Bank from Jordanian control.
But President Trump's plan potentially awards American recognition to Israel for all the settlements and the strategically vital Jordan Valley - before any negotiations with the Palestinians.
Outside a waffle bar, I chat to Yedidia Mosawi and Sharon Barazani, both in their 20s.
Yedidia tells me he works in security and comes from a settlement further south, near Hebron.
"It's an amazing place, very important for Israel," he says of the West Bank - or the Hebrew Biblical name of Judea and Samaria, as many Israelis refer to it.
Image caption, Sharon Barazani and Yedidia Mosawi
I ask about Mr Netanyahu's plans. He suggests it's not enough.
"[We should] apply Israeli law to all of this land. It's ours in history. For the Jewish people it's the most important - we don't have another country to go to."
Sharon adds: "You can't tell people to go from their land, their home."
I arrive at the mayor's office. Outside is a picture of a floor mosaic found in Jordan in the 1880s.
It is known as the Madaba map, a portrayal of the Holy Land in the 6th Century. One of its Greek inscriptions, next to Bethlehem, references the Biblical location of Ephratah.
The Israeli settlement of Efrat was established in 1983. Mayor Oded Revivi is well aware of the religious and ideological connections to the land, although he says it is not the main driving force for most settlers.
Many, as he did in the 1990s, come for potentially cheaper homes in a ready formed Jewish community.
Image caption, Mayor Oded Revivi says the Trump plan is a genuine attempt to solve the conflict
Mr Revivi talks to Mr Netanyahu. He knows members of the American-Israeli mapping team charged with working out the territorial boundaries of annexation, and he backed the Trump plan from the start.
"I thought it was a genuine attempt to try and think of another way to solve the conflict," he says.
What of his fellow mayors attacking the prime minister from the right, claiming Israeli rights to even more of the West Bank? Mr Revivi jabs at some of his colleagues politely.
"Such an attitude derives from not quite understanding the global village we live in," he says, referring to the strong counter-views of much of the outside world to any annexation.
"That we can think we are strong and mighty, and that God is on our side, and we can do whatever we want."
You need to understand the Trump deal in stages, he says. "This is stage one."
A building boom
Opponents see the Trump plan as nothing more than a way to formalise a de-facto reality developed on the ground for half a century in breach of international law.
I arrive in the shadow of a huge bridge being constructed - a doubling of the road running from the Begin Highway that forges its way into the West Bank, connecting Jerusalem to Efrat and the other settlements further south.
Image caption, A bridge under construction will make it easier to travel between Jerusalem and the settlements
We stand a few metres from a section of the separation barrier - an 8m-high (26ft) concrete wall here that conceals from our view Palestinian homes on the other side, as cars bearing Israeli number plates zoom across the bridge above us.
This is the "whole story of the West Bank in the last 53 years", according to Dror Etkes, who runs the Israeli non-governmental organisation Kerem Navot (Navot's Vineyard - named after a Biblical figure murdered for his land), which monitors settlement construction.
"It's about taking from the Palestinians and giving to the Israelis. The way you do it is confiscating land and allocating only to Israelis. That's one. And the other is sealing up and preventing the expansion of Palestinian communities," he says.
We watch Eastern European workers carry huge steel beams.
Image caption, Infrastructure projects anticipate a growth in population in areas eyed for annexation
Mr Etkes says this is the biggest boom in infrastructure projects carried out by Israel in the West Bank in two decades.
More roads, water pipelines and sewage purification systems are being built, he says, to allow for significant future growth in settler numbers.
'Palestinian citizens of a future Palestinian state'
Mr Etkes and other monitoring groups warn that annexation could leave people like Mohammed Ayer in territorial enclaves.
A study by the US think tank the Washington Institute suggests "full annexation" by Israel of up to 30% of the West Bank could affect almost 110,000 Palestinians.
Mr Netanyahu has said those in the Jordan Valley, for example, would remain "Palestinian subjects". Critics fear that means they would effectively live in islands of only Palestinian civil control, surrounded by land under full Israeli jurisdiction.
Image source, AFP Image caption, Palestinian villages and Jewish settlement sit side by side in some areas
The Palestinian leadership, along with almost 50 experts appointed by the United Nations Human Rights Council, say this would formalise a system of "apartheid" in the West Bank - two peoples ruled by one state in the same space with unequal rights.
Some Israeli opposition figures from Jewish majority parties view the plan as a nightmare, being carried out carelessly. They see little gain from unilateral annexation, while leaving Israel's global image tarnished.
But retired Israeli Brigadier-General Yossi Kuperwasser believes the numbers of Palestinians caught in any unilateral application of sovereignty would be "negligible".
He says many could receive Israeli residency in the interim and suggests the Palestinian leadership should engage with the Trump administration.
"This was the logic of the US peace plan," he says. "The Palestinians are going to be citizens of the future Palestinian state."
'We are not going to throw away the key and go home'
The drive to the Palestinian city of Ramallah is often complicated. The city has a small number of entry and exit points, and big traffic jams are a constant feature.
Ramallah is home to the headquarters of the Palestinian Authority (PA).
The governing body was born as a result of the Oslo Accords of the 1990s - the high-water mark of Israeli-Palestinian peace-making.
Now, in a bid to increase international pressure to avert annexation, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas says the PA is no longer bound by agreements with Israel and the US, including on security.
Image source, AFP Image caption, Israel and the Palestinians signed a peace accord in 1993 but a final treaty is still to be reached
Some fear suspending such co-ordination, if fully delivered, could precipitate a collapse of the PA and the potential for a slide into chaos in the West Bank.
Amid the bitter divisions of Palestinian politics, the militant group Hamas - the main rival of President Abbas' Fatah movement - could try to capitalise and is warning of a confrontation with Israel.
I arrive for a news conference by the Palestinian Prime Minister, Mohammad Shtayyeh. Security is always tight. Now there's also an anti-coronavirus washdown before you enter the building - I step into a booth where I'm showered with sanitiser fluid, mostly soaking my hair.
The pandemic is slowing entry to the building, but it has not paused the region's politics.
Mr Shtayyeh believes Israel's plans bring the conflict to a new junction in history.
"This peace process has reached a serious impasse," he says. "We are facing a moment of truth for us as a Palestinian leadership."
I ask about the prospects for the future of the PA.
"Let's not fool ourselves," he replies. "The PA is not a gift from anybody. It came into being because of the Palestinian people... We are not going to throw away the key and go home."
Mr Shtayyeh accuses the international community of failing to act.
Why doesn't his leadership engage with the US and negotiate, he is asked.
He says annexation would amount to the "destruction" of a future Palestinian state, and suggests accepting it would leave the PA becoming "a bunch of traitors - and we will not be".
'Walking a tightrope'
What happens next? Mr Netanyahu continues to talk up his plans, despite speculation that they were a gimmick to rally the right wing in three deadlocked elections.
"These territories are where the Jewish nation was born and grew," the prime minister said of the settlements when his new coalition government was about to be sworn in in May.
"[Applying Israeli law to them] won't distance us from peace. It will bring us closer."
Image source, Reuters Image caption, Annexation will redraw Israel's eastern frontiers
The coalition agreement allows him to bring proposals to the cabinet or the Israeli parliament from 1 July.
The US administration, having signalled in May that it didn't expect the process to be rushed, may now be ready to back the proposals Mr Netanyahu arrives at broadly on the conditions that he commits to the Trump plan as a package (meaning keeping open the possibility of Palestinian negotiations in the next four years) and that there is consensus among the principle players in the coalition.
This adds to the significance of the views of Benny Gantz, the defence minister and alternate prime minister due to take over from Mr Netanyahu late next year.
Mr Gantz is thought to be less willing to back sweeping unilateral annexation plans and he wants co-ordination with Washington and Arab countries that have ties with Israel.
The latter - in particular neighbouring Jordan - have voiced vehement opposition to any form of annexation, raising concerns about regional stability if the move goes ahead.
Mr Gantz's Blue and White party, whose success in the elections was partly down to left-wing votes, is "walking a tight-rope" on the issue says Lahav Harkov, diplomatic correspondent at the Jerusalem Post.
While Mr Netanyahu "wants to push for all of it", Mr Gantz and Foreign Minister Gabi Ashkenazi, his Blue and White party colleague, are a lot more reticent, she tells me.
More meetings between these key players seem certain.
I make another return to Begin Highway, this time heading back into Jerusalem. The Israeli prime minister's office and the parliament are off a junction heading east. More history-making could lie on the road ahead.


bbc--2020-06-25--Eurovision: How Ariana Grande's songwriter got involved in Will Ferrell's new movie

Savan Kotecha regularly works with some of the biggest acts in the world including Ariana Grande , Demi Lovato and Ellie Goulding .
Now , he 's got a fictional Icelandic duo called Fire Saga at the top of his CV .
The hopeful-but-hopeless singers , played by Will Ferrell and Rachel McAdams , are the focus of Netflix 's new comedy Eurovision , which celebrates the world 's largest live music event .
As a hugely successful pop songwriter and producer , Kotecha was brought in to oversee every aspect of the film 's music .
`` It was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
`` It 's probably the most fun I 've had on a project in a long time . ''
The film plays out like the real life contest , with every country having their own ready-made song .
Kotecha 's role involved composing and building teams of experts to write them , which included bringing in songwriters who 'd worked on real-life Eurovision entries .
He says if you take some of the most memorable songs in the contest 's history , then `` break down the spectacle and the big productions @ @ @ @ @ @ @ melodies .
`` We wanted to make sure the melody was at the core and to make songs feel like they 'd actually have a shot at actually winning . ''
What you get are comedy entries like Iceland 's Double Trouble and Russia 's Lion Of Love - but with the production values of real-life hits and the staging of Eurovision greats .
`` The melody of the chorus in Double Trouble was actually something I had in my phone that I was saving for a pop star . ''
Even though @ @ @ @ @ @ @ film are fictional , Kotecha approached the production and songwriting process in the same way he 'd work with singers like Ellie Goulding or Ariana Grande .
He wanted to `` understand their personality and the countries they were representing '' .
• Ellie Goulding - Love Me Like You Do • One Direction - What Makes You Beautiful • The Weeknd - Ca n't Feel My Face Kotecha , who 's American , says he `` reluctantly fell in love with Eurovision '' because - like Will Ferrell - he has a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the contest 's most successful countries and Loreen 's 2012 winner Euphoria is his `` ultimate Eurovision entry '' .
`` The first year I lived in Stockholm , the whole place shut down for Eurovision parties .
It took me a few years to get used to it .
`` But then you realise the contest is about unity , sharing cultures and - of course - the kooky performances .
It 's a beautiful thing . ''
Among the movie 's fictional artists ( like Dan Stevens ' Russian lothario Alexander @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , including London-based Anteros .
In the movie , they represent Finland ( as made up band The Wonderful ) but get to perform one of their own songs , Full Moon .
`` None of us have ever been to Finland , '' says Anteros ' lead singer Laura Hayden ( AKA Lala ) , who thought the request to be in the film `` was a joke '' .
They 'd been hand-picked by Will Ferrell and director David Dobkin , who liked their style and sound , and wanted to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` It 's really surreal watching your baby being taken to a big stage and then being Eurovisioned . ''
`` The whole thing was weird because we were performing our own song , there 's a crowd of people cheering and shouting , waving flags… but obviously none of them knew the track . ''
Laura also found herself in a make-up chair next to her idol Rachel McAdams and wondered `` is this real life ? ''
.
In the film , Rachel McAdams performs alongside Will Ferrell , but her @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Swedish star Molly Sanden .
She tells Newsbeat the movie gets the right balance between `` sarcasm and irony '' and `` showing off the good parts about the competition '' .
Molly was approached about the role by one of her producer friends when she was on holiday in Los Angeles .
She connected with the character of Sigrit because it reminded her of a childhood ambition to compete in Eurovision herself , as she tried hitting high notes in her basement .
It became a reality when Sanden represented her country @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 2006 , placing third .
She then entered Sweden 's Eurovision selection contest , Melodifestivalen , three times but never won .
`` I felt like a failure the last time I tried to compete for Sweden because the plan was for me to win .
It now feels so good to come back from this angle . ''
`` It feels like I 'm coming back to Eurovision… but this time I 'm winning . ''
There are no spoilers , but for Eurovision lovers , the film has lots of little @ @ @ @ @ @ @ high profile cameos .
And even though he was a `` reluctant fan '' in the first place , Savan Kotecha says he 's up for getting involved in the real thing if a country approached him to help write a potential winner .
`` Totally , '' he says .
`` I think it would be really fun . ''
Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here .

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bbc--2020-06-25--When working from home is much more than emailing

Ere Santos remembers that he once had to animate a fight between his character , the sidekick , and the hero of the film .
The sidekick lands on the hero 's head , and the scene cuts .
Luckily , the hero 's animator sat next to Mr Santos .
Much like their creations , the two colleagues went to battle on how the interaction should work .
Instead of drawing , these feature film animators create computer simulations based on physics .
Mr Santos likens it to making a puppet that the computer will bring to life .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ fractionally inaccurate , because the puppets will slice through their world like a ghost , rather than a real being .
`` You can have a hand going through a table , or through another hand if they are clapping , '' says Mr Santos .
Eventually , he and his neighbour ironed out their characters ' skirmish .
Huge data files were shared between them , three to four times a day , but being able to look over his colleague 's shoulder and to check his computer screen was indispensable .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ movie , but this time alone , from his London flat .
The cartoon has been divided by scene rather than character and distributed to the 100 or so illustrators working together on the feature film animated by Jellyfish Pictures .
So will animated characters drawn during lockdown touch each other less ?
Mr Santos jokes : `` I hope so .
I mean , anytime you have characters not touching each other in animation is great .
Characters interacting with each other - yeah .
It 's just a world of like @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , the team has still maintained its connection despite their physical separation .
Continually in touch , they take notes from their directors at Jellyfish and their Los Angeles-based movie studio , DreamWorks .
`` It 's an interesting challenge that nobody 's ever had to make a movie outside of the office .
So it 's really cool and exciting , but also terrifying because you do n't want to mess up , '' says Mr Santos .
The interplay between Mr Santos , his colleagues and the movie studio is made @ @ @ @ @ @ @ where a company decides not to process and store all of its data in its own offices .
Instead it hires another firm to store the data , which it can access over the internet .
The technology has been around for almost 10 years .
But since Covid-19 put the world on lockdown , a wave of new firms have rushed to adopt cloud computing .
And within cloud computing a micro-industry , known as enterprise infrastructure , has bloomed .
• Creating an online course 'changed my life' • The hidden @ @ @ @ @ @ @ What 's it like to be fired over Zoom ?
• The little lights now packing a deadly punch Enterprise infrastructure is the link between the home and the cloud : a secure connection that the company can design , have managed and in some cases , monitor .
Sometimes this is through software that signs a user into their work network .
In other cases , there is an actual hardware box to be plugged into the home router .
A work laptop , tablet or phone can pick up its wi-fi @ @ @ @ @ @ @ boxes can also prioritise wi-fi speed when parents are on work calls and kids are playing on their games console , or streaming movies .
The products , which for the last 10 years have been used as part of disaster recovery protocols , have seen sales explode since lockdowns began .
A recent research note from Goldman Sachs estimates this industry , which is now worth just under a billion dollars ( £790m ) , could reach a value of $ 9bn ( £7.1bn ) in the next five years .
Most @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
From his flat in Ealing , London , Mr Santos starts his regular working day by logging into a piece of software , called Teradici , a virtual workstation based in the cloud .
As if he was in the office , the file network of Jellyfish Pictures opens up and he can begin animating , immediately .
But unlike most remote workers who get by on Google Docs , Mr Santos will open up a file composed of layers and layers of animation .
These files are ultimately stored on Microsoft @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and backed up at a physical data centre in Hayes .
As if they were characters , the movement of the light , the props and the sets all have a life of their own , occupying hundreds of gigabytes .
They would normally require huge computing power to load up , remotely .
The software Mr Santos works with does not actually send him all of the pixels in the picture that he sees on his computer screen .
Over 500 megapixels a second are `` remoted '' to his monitor in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is a million pixels . )
However , they are delivered as smaller , simpler versions of themselves , a bit like a streamed film on Netflix .
This allows several people to work in each scene simultaneously , upload and refresh it while they animate .
Each pixel is compressed and encrypted , to keep the movie secret and safe while the animators create their work .
Ziad Lammam , from Canadian firm Teradici , says his company , like other cloud software providers , has seen a boom in business since @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Finding ourselves at home - that was a real game changer , '' he says .
Mr Lammam says it 's been a `` journey '' to see some movie studio executives use cloud computing and trust that it would work .
Outsourcing any task and allowing third-party firms to handle the security and management of data involves a risk that some producers were at first slow to adopt .
But experts argue that on-site IT is even more vulnerable than data managed in the cloud .
Mr Lammam says that , since @ @ @ @ @ @ @ companies have changed their attitude towards cloud computing .
`` A lot of people have said , 'Wow , yeah , you really saved my bacon , ' '' he says .
His clients think differently now , says Mr Lammam .
`` It really pushed everyone to kind of jump into that swimming pool , use a technology and decide that this is not only something we can do during a pandemic , but this is something we can do longer term . ''
Alan Ni , director of smart spaces at @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 've had our watershed moment in the workplace and I think there 's gon na be some really significant changes coming down the pike with your work from home . ''
Aruba , which has been around in various iterations since 2008 , is now a wi-fi enabled box that plugs into a router and opens up the office network .
Most of his clients had purchased the Aruba as a disaster provision , says Mr Ni , but since the lockdown began , business has boomed .
Because of its high encryption @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a favourite of financial and insurance firms .
Chris Stori , the senior vice president at US firm Meraki , another enterprise infrastructure box that plugs into the home router , says : `` When Covid hit , we saw unprecedented demand for our products beyond what we had ever planned . ''
Overnight Meraki set up remote connections for 1,000 call centre representatives , with all of the apps they needed alongside the security credentials the bank required .
As for Jellyfish animator Ere Santos , he also loves his cloud set-up @ @ @ @ @ @ @ from his newly purchased standing desk at home .
He has even installed voice-controlled coloured lights to decorate his workstation .
Keeping his work on the cloud makes Mr Santos more comfortable that , if his computer crashes , his work will not be lost .
`` I can get any computer anytime .
And then all I have to do is click back to the server and all my stuff is still there , '' he says .

The interplay between Mr Santos, his colleagues and the movie studio is made possible by cloud computing. That's where a company decides not to process and store all of its data in its own offices. Instead it hires another firm to store the data, which it can access over the internet.


bbc--2020-06-25--Coronavirus: What's happening in Peru?

Coronavirus: What's happening in Peru?

Peru imposed one of the earliest and strictest lockdowns in Latin America to stop the spread of coronavirus - but it now has the sixth highest number of confirmed cases in the world .
Peru 's President , Martín Vizcarra , says things are improving but has previously said results of the lockdown `` have n't been exactly what we expected '' .
So why has Peru been affected so badly ?
The lockdown in Peru started on 16 March - before the UK and some other European countries .
The county 's borders were shut , curfews were imposed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for essential goods only - but infections and deaths continued to rise .
Peru 's lockdown has been extended until the end of June - making it one of the longest in the world .
Daily reported cases are now falling - but the number of deaths remains high .
Officially , about 8,500 people have died with coronavirus in Peru .
But the country has one of the world 's highest excess death rates - the number of deaths above the average in previous years - which suggests the impact far exceeds @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 31 May , the latest comprehensive data available , the number of overall deaths in Peru was 87 % higher than what would be expected in a normal year , according to BBC News analysis .
Why have measures been ineffective ?
Peru has reported more cases than every European country apart from the UK , despite testing only about six people in every 1,000 - more than some countries in Latin America but far fewer than Italy , for example , which has tested about 80 in every 1,000 .
Experts say @ @ @ @ @ @ @ leading to more deaths , but several other social and economic factors can help explain why Peru is struggling to contain the outbreak .
We have looked at four of these .
More than 40 % of households in Peru do not have a refrigerator , according to a 2020 government survey .
Many households `` do not have logistics that allow them to stock up on food for many days '' , Peruvian economist Hugo Ñopo says .
`` They have to go out to stock up frequently and especially go to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ President Vizcarra said the country 's markets were `` the main sources of contagion '' .
And at the La Victoria fruit market in Peru 's capital , Lima , for example , 86 % of vendors had the Covid-19 virus in May , according to official statistics .
President Vizcarra said : `` We had markets with 40 , 50 , 80 % of sellers infected .
`` You would buy , you would get infected , you would go home with the virus , and you would spread it to the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ exacerbated by restricted opening hours making markets more crowded , according to Peruvian social researcher Rolando Arellano .
The government has now reorganised the markets to control the spread .
But experts say authorities were too slow to address the risks .
About 70 % of the employed population in Peru work in the informal sector , which is one of the highest rates in Latin America .
These jobs are by their nature unpredictable and often in environments making social distancing difficult .
`` Peruvians who went out to work had to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ goods in very crowded markets , '' says Mr Ñopo .
President Vizcarra also recognised banks as `` critical points '' of infection early in the pandemic .
`` Another big problem that we have is reaching people to deliver aid , '' he said .
`` It would be so easy if everyone had a bank account . ''
Peru allocated up to 12 % of its gross domestic product ( GDP ) - the value of goods and services produced - to help people who lost their jobs and companies that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
But only about 38 % of Peruvian adults have a bank account , making digital payments largely impossible .
And many of the unemployed had to go to the banks in person to collect their benefits , causing large queues .
The government has now extended banking hours , to stop groups of people gathering .
The latest National Household Survey suggests 11.8 % of poor households in Peru live in overcrowded homes .
Some officials have also noted the lack social distancing in public places .
The Peruvian Defence Minister , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ police and the armed forces will not tire of working in the streets , markets , banks and bus stops to help create this new culture of respect for the rules to learn how to live with the virus '' .
And as the economy begins to reopen , Mr Arellano says , it will be necessary to `` educate on distancing amongst citizens and improve marketing , transportation , and other systems to facilitate distancing '' .
• EASY STEPS : How to keep safe • A SIMPLE GUIDE : What are @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it means to self-isolate • MAPS AND CHARTS : Visual guide to the outbreak

Peru has secured enough doses to vaccinate its entire population, but many of these vaccines are yet to be delivered and the rollout so far has failed to stem infections.


bbc--2020-06-25--Fair and Lovely: A skin-lightening cream rebrands, but prejudice remains

Consumer giant Unilever says it will rebrand its bestselling skin lightening cream Fair and Lovely and drop the word `` fair '' from its name .
While the news has been welcomed , campaigners say the move does n't go far enough - and in India demand for such products shows no sign of waning .
Unilever and its Indian subsidiary Hindustan Unilever Limited ( HUL ) have been criticised extensively for promoting colourism and making girls with darker shades feel insecure and inadequate .
Pressure had been mounting since last week when US multinational Johnson and Johnson announced it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of its creams which are popular in Asia and the Middle East in response to the death of George Floyd and the worldwide debate about racism it sparked .
`` Conversations over the past few weeks highlighted that some product names or claims on our Neutrogena and Clean & Clear dark-spot reducer products represent fairness or white as better than your own unique skin tone , '' Johnson and Johnson said in a statement .
`` This was never our intention - healthy skin is beautiful skin . ''
Fair and Lovely is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , with 24bn rupees ( $ 317m ; £256m ) in annual revenue .
Ever since the 1970s when it first hit the market , millions of tubes are bought every year by teenagers and young women in a country where lighter skin is routinely equated with beauty .
Top Bollywood actors and actresses have appeared in advertisements to endorse Fair and Lovely that promote fair skin as a means to a finding love or a glamorous job .
On Thursday morning , Fair & Lovely trended high on Twitter in India with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and sale .
In the past two weeks , at least three change.org petitions have come up globally , asking Unilever to banish the cream from markets in Asia and Asian stores in the West .
One said this product `` built upon , perpetuated and benefited from internalized racism and promotes anti-blackness sentiments amongst all its consumers '' .
On Thursday afternoon , Unilever decided to act saying that `` a new name has been chosen for the cream and is awaiting regulatory approvals '' .
More on this topic : • @ @ @ @ @ @ @ India contestants • What colour are Indian gods and goddesses ?
• Has skin whitening in India gone too far ?
`` We recognise that the use of the words 'fair ' , 'white ' and 'light ' suggest a singular ideal of beauty that we do n't think is right , and we want to address this , '' the company said in a statement .
It added that they were working to make their skin care portfolio `` more inclusive '' and `` want to lead the celebration of a more @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the past few years , they said they had already made some changes - such as removing a shade card from the packaging and no longer doing before and after comparisons of skin tones in their advertisements .
They also promised to `` feature women of different skin tones , representative of the variety of beauty across India and other countries '' in their future campaigns .
'It 's still fairness cream no matter what they call it' While many rejoiced over the announcement , describing it as historic and a huge victory @ @ @ @ @ @ @ old wine in a new bottle as the company was still going to sell the same cream with the same ingredients , but with a new name .
Chandana Hiran , who authored one of the petitions , told the BBC the Unilever announcement was `` a path-breaking decision '' but was only `` a first step towards inclusivity '' .
`` While I am glad that they 're willing to change the narrative , I really want them to relook at their product in its essence .
It 's still fairness cream @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' So , the important question is - is a name change enough to change perceptions about skin colour that have been held and perpetuated over centuries ?
In recent years , campaigns such as Dark is Beautiful and # unfairandlovely have questioned Indian 's obsession with fair skin .
Increasingly , urban-educated women on social media have called out Bollywood stars and popular beauty pageants for promoting colourism .
But the campaigns have had very limited impact , they have not dented the popularity or the market for fairness products , with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ explains why last week 's announcement by Johnson and Johnson to withdraw its fairness products had some people in Asia saying if they wanted to buy them , they should be allowed to .
On social media some even said this was a form of discrimination against their communities .
And I know that in many parts of India too , the unavailability of Fair and Lovely is going to be greeted with distress - a large number of customers are in small town and rural India and unaware of the politics over @ @ @ @ @ @ @ movement that 's raging in the West .
And they would embrace Fair and Lovely 's substitute whatever it 's called .

While many rejoiced over the announcement, describing it as historic and a huge victory, others pointed out that it was old wine in a new bottle as the company was still going to sell the same cream with the same ingredients, but with a new name.


bbc--2020-06-25--Rethink: Tara Westover says ''Build a world where we can be one people'

Author Tara Westover reflects that she has taken more notice of other people since the pandemic struck - especially key workers .
She wants people to come together as one and not be divided by class , education or profession .
In the early days of this pandemic , we were told that Covid-19 would be the `` great equaliser '' - that it would bring us together because it would affect everyone alike .
Rich and poor , urban and rural , members of every racial group .
Those with advanced degrees , and those who never finished primary @ @ @ @ @ @ @ germ is not subject to those prejudices to which human beings so often are .
It is not impressed by money or dazzled by prestige .
It does not see skin colour , or subscribe to stereotypes of gender .
A germ is blind biology .
Its one virtue was its supposed lack of prejudice .
Of course , none of that turned out to be true .
The virus was not blind .
It devastated men more than women ; the old more than the young ; and in America , where @ @ @ @ @ @ @ places , racial minorities suffered disproportionately .
So did the poor .
So did the less educated .
The virus , it turned out , was deeply prejudiced .
The virus , it turned out , was quite prejudiced .
But there was one meaningful way that it was in fact a kind of equaliser - it made us aware of the many forgotten people whose hard work make our lives possible .
I noticed the change about a week into the crisis .
A friend of mine ordered online delivery , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Anyone out delivering curry in a pandemic has earned every penny , '' he said .
A week later , a pipe burst in the house I was staying in .
I was suddenly without running water .
But the next morning , a man came , wearing a fabric mask .
He replaced the pipe , and I had running water .
He did not have the luxury of sitting at home in quarantine .
He had chosen to risk it - to help me , and to protect his livelihood .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ day by nurses and cooks and cashiers and truckers and factory workers .
For all the difficult stories that have come out of this , perhaps the most moving is that racket made on the streets of New York and other cities as people holler and whistle and bang pans to thank front-line workers .
Doctors and nurses , yes , but also caretakers , delivery people , grocers and electricians .
A whole army of people who are working outside their homes to keep the rest of us safe and well .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ or the so-called elite .
They are often not paid very well for what they do .
Many of them did not go to college , and for that reason they are sometimes looked down upon by those who did have that privilege .
I 've been thinking lately that education has become the new social divider , perhaps even more than wealth .
And we forget that in many cases , wealth and education go together .
Education has itself has become a privilege reserved for those who can pay for it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ hunger for college-educated workers , and the result before the coronavirus was that many of our workers all over the world felt dismissed and left behind .
They felt there was no place for them in the world we are making .
We did , I think , become a little prejudiced against work .
We began to believe that if someone is not credentialed , they must not be industrious .
We tacitly accepted the idea that the professional classes are somehow harder working or more deserving of respect than the people @ @ @ @ @ @ @ everyone deserves respect .
And more than respect , they deserve to be paid .
They deserve the kind of pay that will allow them to live a dignified life .
My friend Jia Tolentino observed recently that there is something corrupt about a system in which essential workers are paid so little that they are can not survive the emergencies through which they sustain the rest of us .
But in the post-coronavirus world , I hope we preserve this spirit of gratitude and esteem for the people who keep the lights @ @ @ @ @ @ @ farms stocked and the pipes clear .
Those who cook , farm , drive , care , plumb , wire , wash , and build .
I hope we remember that we are not two peoples - not the elite and the non-elite , the college educated and not , urban and rural , the white collar and the blue .
We are one people .
Let 's build a world in which we can be one people .
This piece has been updated .
BBC Radio 4 , Radio 5 Live and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a unique collaboration : BBC Rethink .
It asks how society and our lives can change for the better after the Covid-19 crisis .
You can hear the BBC Rethink episodes on BBC Sounds .

These are not the rich and illustrious or the so-called elite. They are often not paid very well for what they do. Many of them did not go to college, and for that reason they are sometimes looked down upon by those who did have that privilege.


bbc--2020-06-25--'More than I ever thought possible' - emotional Klopp on title win

Jurgen Klopp described guiding Liverpool to their first league title in 30 years as `` more than I ever thought possible '' .
The Reds were confirmed as Premier League champions without kicking a ball on Thursday as Manchester City 's 2-1 defeat at Chelsea meant they could no longer be caught .
Liverpool are 23 points clear with seven games remaining .
`` It 's the best thing I can imagine and more than I could have ever dreamed of .
It 's unbelievable .
Much more than I ever thought would be possible . ''
The German , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ his interview and was visibly emotional , added : `` Becoming champions with this club is absolutely incredible .
`` It is an incredible achievement from my players ... and a pure joy for me to coach them . ''
• How Klopp turned Liverpool into title winners - the inside story • Rank the 10 games which have defined Klopp 's reign Klopp arrived at Anfield in October 2015 following the sacking of Brendan Rodgers and with the club 10th in the Premier League .
He led Liverpool to a sixth European @ @ @ @ @ @ @ an even longer wait to become champions of England .
`` I felt from day one when he came in the door he changed everything , '' said Liverpool captain Jordan Henderson .
`` We followed him and believed him .
It 's been an amazing journey .
I 'm hoping there is more - we just stay hungry , keep wanting more and following him .
`` The biggest thing is no matter what we all follow him , believe in him and he 's taken us to this point .
This @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' Liverpool narrowly missed out on the title in 2014 when a defeat by Chelsea at Anfield towards the end of the season allowed Manchester City to clinch the Premier League trophy instead .
Then , last season , they recorded the third-highest points tally in the division 's history ( 97 ) only to be beaten to top spot by a solitary point , with Pep Guardiola 's side sealing the title on the final day .
However , an incredibly dominant campaign this time around , in which the Reds have @ @ @ @ @ @ @ meant any end-of-season drama never looked likely .
A 4-0 win against Crystal Palace meant a draw or Chelsea win in their game against Manchester City would cement the championship for the Reds and when the final whistle went at Stamford Bridge there were scenes of jubilation outside Anfield , while a group of Liverpool players gathered to watch the game .
`` It shows the character in the squad to get so close last time and to go again , '' Liverpool midfielder James Milner told Match of the Day .
`` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ disappointment and learning .
`` I am sure the hunger will stay and we want to keep being successful .
It is absolutely massive - to get over the line is huge . ''
In winning the league after just 31 games Liverpool have recorded the earliest Premier League victory by matches played , yet football 's 100-day suspension because of coronavirus means it is the latest success by date .
`` We had to wait 13 weeks , '' Liverpool defender Andrew Robertson said .
`` It was 13 long weeks with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ had to wait 30 years so it was a short time compared to what they 've had .
`` I hope they enjoy their night , we will enjoy ours . ''
'The highlight has been the camaraderie in the team' The title is Liverpool 's 19th and first since the 1989-90 season , when they won the First Division under Kenny Dalglish .
`` I 'm very pleased for everybody connected with the football club , '' Dalglish told Sky Sports .
`` Jurgen has done a fantastic job .
The highlight @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and the way everyone has helped the team .
Last night 's game was a huge example of that .
`` They played with tempo and never gave Crystal Palace time on the ball .
It 's the whole feeling within the club .
You do not win anything without a great dressing room , and they have that . ''
Liverpool 's principal owner John W Henry saluted his team 's `` season for the ages '' .
He tweeted : `` It has been an incredible year of magnificent achievement culminating @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
`` The totality of this accomplishment has brought respite and joy to so many in a year filled with so much tragedy .
`` Liverpool has made the beautiful game more beautiful than ever . ''
Liverpool won the Champions League last season under Klopp and can now beat Manchester City 's Premier League record of 100 points in a campaign if they are victorious in five of their remaining seven matches .
`` Liverpool have played an incredible season .
Well deserved , '' Manchester City boss Pep Guardiola , whose @ @ @ @ @ @ @ two seasons , told BBC Radio 5 Live .
`` Two seasons ago we were 100 points and they finished more than 25 points behind .
Last season they did n't recover the distance and this season they went the distance .
`` We have to learn from this season and improve for the next one . ''
• That Peter Crouch Podcast : He 's joined by his former boss Sean Dyche • The top 10 Premier League matches of all time : Gary , Alan and Ian discuss the best matches @

Last updated on .From the section Liverpool
Watch: The moment Liverpool players found out they were champions
Jurgen Klopp described guiding Liverpool to their first league title in 30 years as "more than I ever thought possible".
The Reds were confirmed as Premier League champions without kicking a ball on Thursday as Manchester City's 2-1 defeat at Chelsea meant they could no longer be caught.
Liverpool are 23 points clear with seven games remaining.
"I have no words," Klopp told Sky Sports.
"It's the best thing I can imagine and more than I could have ever dreamed of. It's unbelievable. Much more than I ever thought would be possible."
The German, who was wearing a Liverpool shirt during his interview and was visibly emotional, added: "Becoming champions with this club is absolutely incredible.
"It is an incredible achievement from my players... and a pure joy for me to coach them."
'Klopp changed everything'
Klopp 'absolutely overwhelmed' by Liverpool title win
Klopp arrived at Anfield in October 2015 following the sacking of Brendan Rodgers and with the club 10th in the Premier League.
He led Liverpool to a sixth European Cup last season and has now ended an even longer wait to become champions of England.
"I felt from day one when he came in the door he changed everything," said Liverpool captain Jordan Henderson.
"We followed him and believed him. It's been an amazing journey. I'm hoping there is more - we just stay hungry, keep wanting more and following him.
"The biggest thing is no matter what, we all follow him, believe in him, and he's taken us to this point. This wouldn't be possible without him."
A title 'fuelled by disappointment and learning'
'We went a bit crazy!' Robertson and Milner react to Liverpool title win
Liverpool narrowly missed out on the title in 2014 when a defeat by Chelsea at Anfield towards the end of the season allowed Manchester City to clinch the Premier League trophy instead.
Last season they recorded the third-highest points tally in the division's history (97) only to be beaten to top spot by a solitary point, with Pep Guardiola's side sealing the title on the final day.
However, an incredibly dominant campaign this time around, in which the Reds have won 28 of their 31 fixtures, meant any end-of-season drama never looked likely.
A 4-0 win against Crystal Palace meant a draw or Chelsea win in their game against Manchester City would cement the championship for the Reds and when the final whistle went at Stamford Bridge there were scenes of jubilation outside Anfield, while a group of Liverpool players gathered to watch the game.
"It shows the character in the squad to get so close last time and to go again," Liverpool midfielder James Milner told Match of the Day. "We have proven we are fuelled by disappointment and learning.
"I am sure the hunger will stay and we want to keep being successful. It is absolutely massive - to get over the line is huge."
In winning the league after 31 games, Liverpool have recorded the earliest Premier League victory by matches played, yet football's 100-day suspension because of coronavirus means it is the latest success by date.
"We had to wait 13 weeks," Liverpool defender Andrew Robertson said. "It was 13 long weeks with uncertainty, but a lot of our fans had to wait 30 years so it was a short time compared to what they've had.
"I hope they enjoy their night. We will enjoy ours."
Liverpool this season v season average from previous 29 2019-20 Average (1990-91 to 2018-19) 28 Wins 19.57 2 Draws 9.72 1 Losses 9.14 70 Goals scored 65.45 21 Goals conceded 38.83 86 Points 68.57 90.32 Win % 50.81
'The highlight has been the camaraderie in the team'
The title is Liverpool's 19th and their first since the 1989-90 season, when they won the First Division under Kenny Dalglish.
"I'm very pleased for everybody connected with the football club," Dalglish told Sky Sports. "Jurgen has done a fantastic job. The highlight has been the camaraderie within the team and the way everyone has helped the team. Last night's game was a huge example of that.
"They played with tempo and never gave Crystal Palace time on the ball. It's the whole feeling within the club. You do not win anything without a great dressing room, and they have that."
Liverpool's principal owner John W Henry saluted his team's "season for the ages".
He tweeted: "It has been an incredible year of magnificent achievement culminating tonight in capturing the Premier League title.
"The totality of this accomplishment has brought respite and joy to so many in a year filled with so much tragedy.
"Liverpool has made the beautiful game more beautiful than ever."
Liverpool title well deserved - Guardiola
MOTD: ‘Incredible’ Liverpool have raised the bar
Liverpool won the Champions League last season under Klopp and can now beat City's Premier League record of 100 points in a campaign if they are victorious in five of their remaining seven matches.
"Liverpool have played an incredible season. Well deserved," Guardiola, whose side won the title in the previous two seasons, told BBC Radio 5 Live.
"Two seasons ago we were 100 points and they finished more than 25 points behind. Last season they didn't recover the distance and this season they went the distance.
"We have to learn from this season and improve for the next one."


bbc--2020-06-25--Liverpool fans flock to Anfield to celebrate Premier League title

Thousands of Liverpool fans have gathered at Anfield to celebrate the club 's first Premier League title .
Supporters set off flares and fireworks after Chelsea 's 2-1 win against Manchester City gave the Reds their first league title in 30 years .
Within half an hour of the result , about 2,000 fans had gathered outside the stadium with some celebrating above the players ' entrance .
No attempts were made to disperse the crowd by police officers at the ground .
Merseyside Police advised motorists to avoid the area around Anfield and said road closures were being put @ @ @ @ @ @ @ force said it was `` monitoring the situation '' .
It is Liverpool 's 19th top-flight title and their first since 1989-90 , when Sir Kenny Dalglish led them to victory .
Jurgen Klopp 's side needed one victory to seal the league but City 's failure to win means they can not be caught .
A number of Reds players , including goalkeeper Alisson , defender Virgil van Dijk and midfielder Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain , celebrated together after watching the Chelsea-City game .
Outside the famous Kop end of Anfield thousands more fans @ @ @ @ @ @ @ climbing on walls , bins and the roof of a merchandise stand .
Supporters danced , set off flares and waved flags while singing the name of Liverpool players including Mo Salah and captain Jordan Henderson .
Many fans were seen hugging and one man stood with his arm around a cardboard cut-out of manager Jurgen Klopp .
As well as gathering at Anfield , fans have also filled Liverpool city centre with many group 's singing the club 's famous You 'll Never Walk Alone anthem .
Many of the fans that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ gathered outside Anfield , with some beeping horns as they passed .
Six-year-old Anthony Nesbitt went to the ground with his father Anthony and mother Marilyn , as well as a cardboard cut-out of Liverpool star Sadio Mane .
`` This is amazing , especially for them .
We 've been waiting 30 years for it , '' Ms Nesbitt said .
Earlier on Thursday , fans were urged by the city 's metro mayor to be the `` best 'stay at home ' fans in the world '' to prevent the spread @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` amazing season '' can have `` the celebration it deserves '' when it is safe to do so .
Merseyside Police 's Assistant Chief Constable Rob Carden tweeted that he hoped fans `` have a great night and stay safe '' .
Liverpool City Council told fans to `` have a great party '' but maintain social distancing as they celebrated .
Several celebrities , including comedian John Bishop and basketball star LeBron James , also posted celebrations online after the title was sealed .
Why not follow BBC North West on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ can also send story ideas to northwest.newsonline @ bbc.co.uk

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