bbc--2020-03-07--Six Nations: Scotland must revel in role as bad guys to spoil France's fun

There 's an understandable love-in going on around the France team right now , a celebration of their revival , a glorying in their return as Grand Slam contenders after a decade of failure .
They 're back .
Maybe .
In a championship that has been decidedly underwhelming in terms of quality and has now become fractured by coronavirus , the Six Nations has needed this storyline from Paris .
But are we totally sold on France 's invincibility ?
Are they actually the real deal or are we so desperate for them to be the real deal that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ yet find them out ?
Fabien Galthie 's team answered some questions in Cardiff a fortnight ago but they have a few more to answer at Murrayfield on Sunday .
They have lost three in a row in Edinburgh .
The local diehards - and serial optimists - could construct a case around Scotland winning this one .
Home advantage for a start .
France 's scrum has been giving up penalties , France 's defence , though improved , has given up seven tries in three games .
They won at the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Depending on what colour eyes you have , that 's either a positive or a negative .
France have only been behind for a sum total of three minutes in this championship .
They have n't been asked to play catch-up .
Scotland have to put them in that dark place if they are to stand a chance .
• Weir poised for first Scotland cap under Townsend The Scots have had an odd championship , narrow losses to Ireland and England and a flawed victory over Italy in Rome .
Their @ @ @ @ @ @ @ attack wasteful .
Where before they blew themselves out of games through comedy errors and minimal resistance when the pressure came on them , they now seem to have a significant resilience , an ability to scrap and fight and stay in the hunt .
As one player said last week : `` When we put it all together , somebody 's getting turned over . ''
Can they , though ?
Without Finn Russell , do they have the unpredictability required ?
Gregor Townsend has brought back Fraser Brown at hooker and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ two most physical players he could have selected in those positions .
France have many things going for them and power is just one .
In this fixture in Paris last year , they did such a huge number on Scotland in the aggression stakes that you almost wanted to look away at times .
Scotland fancy themselves in that department nowadays .
There 's a rapprochement , but no return of Russell , so they 'll have to unlock this France defence with pretty much the same crew that have produced just @ @ @ @ @ @ @ against Italy .
Townsend might draw comfort from the fact that multiple opportunities were created outside of the three chances they actually took .
But they need to start taking them now .
There is a recurring theme around Galthie 's team as they bear down on Scotland and their pursuit of a Grand Slam .
It 's not just the consistency of their results that stands out - three wins in a row in the championship for the first time in a decade - it 's the way they 've established a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ become kings of the fast start .
In all three of their games so far they 've scored a try inside the opening seven minutes , which is a bit of a continuation of a theme from the World Cup in Japan , where they scored against Tonga and United States inside six minutes before scoring twice inside eight against Wales .
That quarter-final in Oita in October ended up in defeat thanks to the steepling stupidity of Sebastien Vahaamahina , who has now retired from international rugby - one of 21 French @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Six Nations but who have not and - almost certainly - will not play in this one .
Some turnover , some turnaround .
On their road to Murrayfield on Sunday , the French have led pretty much all the way .
When they get ahead , they stay ahead .
That stability is also new .
The Shaun Edwards Factor , if you like .
France have had consistency of selection compared to the musical chairs policy .
They have a young team that have been allowed to bond .
In four @ @ @ @ @ @ @ made just one change to the starting pack .
One .
And it was an injury that caused it .
For Murrayfield , Jefferson Poirot comes in for Cyril Baille at loosehead - and that 's it .
The same hooker and tighthead four games running , the same second-row and back-row , too .
The selectorial axe has been replaced by a tickle stick .
There is so much to admire in this team , from the lethal intelligence of Anton Dupont at nine and the brilliance of Romain Ntamack at 10 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ up front , particularly in the back row , a wonderful amalgam of brutality and dexterity , carriers and leaders .
France have flair but they also have a new pragmatism and a streetwise dimension .
They 're kicking for territory now more than before - and more than anybody else in the championship .
Way more .
Once they gain territory they 've been pretty clinical in their execution .
In their victory against England , they spent less than two minutes attacking in England 's 22 , whereas England had more @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 22 .
French efficiency won the day .
• What 's it like to work under Franch coach Galthie ?
The same in Wales .
Wayne Pivac 's team had more than seven minutes on the ball in their 22 , France had just over two minutes down the other end .
France won .
An intercept try and an horrendous refereeing call that went against Wales helped them along the way , of course .
They have dropped Teddy Thomas , another sure sign of how things have changed .
Thomas is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
He 's gone .
Damian Penaud , who has been injured , is back .
The last time Penaud played against Scotland he scored two tries .
He 's an exceptional talent .
Another one .
Scotland know the importance of getting out of the blocks early , of imposing their game on France rather than the other way around .
Denying the visitors their fast start is critical in the setting of the tone and the unsettling of the juggernaut .
They know what they need to do , but doing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ class , momentum and power , is another story .
The championship might want the fairytale story of the French Slam .
The Scots need to revel in their role of the bad guy .

France won in Wales last time out to maintain their 100% record this season
Six Nations: Scotland v France Venue: Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh Date: Sunday, 8 March Kick-off: 15:00 GMT Coverage: Live on BBC TV, BBC Radio 5 live, Radio Scotland & BBC Sport website & app
There's an understandable love-in going on around the France team right now, a celebration of their revival, a glorying in their return as Grand Slam contenders after a decade of failure. They're back. Maybe.
In a championship that has been decidedly underwhelming in terms of quality and has now become fractured by coronavirus, the Six Nations has needed this storyline from Paris. But are we totally sold on France's invincibility? Are they actually the real deal or are we so desperate for them to be the real deal that we're ignoring some vulnerabilities that might yet find them out?
Fabien Galthie's team answered some questions in Cardiff a fortnight ago but they have a few more to answer at Murrayfield on Sunday. They have lost three in a row in Edinburgh. The local diehards - and serial optimists - could construct a case around Scotland winning this one.
Home advantage for a start. France's scrum has been giving up penalties, France's defence, though improved, has given up seven tries in three games. They won at the Principality but they probably should have lost. Depending on what colour eyes you have, that's either a positive or a negative.
France have only been behind for a sum total of three minutes in this championship. They haven't been asked to play catch-up. Scotland have to put them in that dark place if they are to stand a chance.
The Scots have had an odd championship, narrow losses to Ireland and England and a flawed victory over Italy in Rome. Their own defence has been excellent, their attack wasteful. Where before they blew themselves out of games through comedy errors and minimal resistance when the pressure came on them, they now seem to have a significant resilience, an ability to scrap and fight and stay in the hunt.
As one player said last week: "When we put it all together, somebody's getting turned over." Can they, though? Without Finn Russell, do they have the unpredictability required?
Gregor Townsend has brought back Fraser Brown at hooker and Nick Haining at No 8, the two most physical players he could have selected in those positions. France have many things going for them and power is just one. In this fixture in Paris last year, they did such a huge number on Scotland in the aggression stakes that you almost wanted to look away at times. Scotland fancy themselves in that department nowadays.
There's a rapprochement, but no return of Russell, so they'll have to unlock this France defence with pretty much the same crew that have produced just three tries in three games, all against Italy. Townsend might draw comfort from the fact that multiple opportunities were created outside of the three chances they actually took. But they need to start taking them now.
Can Scotland beat kings of fast start?
There is a recurring theme around Galthie's team as they bear down on Scotland and their pursuit of a Grand Slam. It's not just the consistency of their results that stands out - three wins in a row in the championship for the first time in a decade - it's the way they've established a platform for those results.
France have become kings of the fast start. In all three of their games so far they've scored a try inside the opening seven minutes, which is a bit of a continuation of a theme from the World Cup in Japan, where they scored against Tonga and United States inside six minutes before scoring twice inside eight against Wales.
That quarter-final in Oita in October ended up in defeat thanks to the steepling stupidity of Sebastien Vahaamahina, who has now retired from international rugby - one of 21 French players who played in last season's Six Nations but who have not and - almost certainly - will not play in this one. Some turnover, some turnaround.
On their road to Murrayfield on Sunday, the French have led pretty much all the way. When they get ahead, they stay ahead. That stability is also new. The Shaun Edwards Factor, if you like. France have had consistency of selection compared to the musical chairs policy. They have a young team that have been allowed to bond.
In four games, including Sunday, France have made just one change to the starting pack. One. And it was an injury that caused it. For Murrayfield, Jefferson Poirot comes in for Cyril Baille at loosehead - and that's it. The same hooker and tighthead four games running, the same second-row and back-row, too. The selectorial axe has been replaced by a tickle stick.
There is so much to admire in this team, from the lethal intelligence of Anton Dupont at nine and the brilliance of Romain Ntamack at 10 to the resilience of the heavy mob up front, particularly in the back row, a wonderful amalgam of brutality and dexterity, carriers and leaders.
France have flair but they also have a new pragmatism and a streetwise dimension. They're kicking for territory now more than before - and more than anybody else in the championship. Way more. Once they gain territory they've been pretty clinical in their execution.
In their victory against England, they spent less than two minutes attacking in England's 22, whereas England had more than 10 minutes attacking in France's 22. French efficiency won the day.
The same in Wales. Wayne Pivac's team had more than seven minutes on the ball in their 22, France had just over two minutes down the other end. France won. An intercept try and an horrendous refereeing call that went against Wales helped them along the way, of course.
They have dropped Teddy Thomas, another sure sign of how things have changed. Thomas is a wondrous attacker but a flaky defender. He's gone. Damian Penaud, who has been injured, is back. The last time Penaud played against Scotland he scored two tries. He's an exceptional talent. Another one.
Scotland know the importance of getting out of the blocks early, of imposing their game on France rather than the other way around. Denying the visitors their fast start is critical in the setting of the tone and the unsettling of the juggernaut.
They know what they need to do, but doing it against a team with confidence and class, momentum and power, is another story. The championship might want the fairytale story of the French Slam. The Scots need to revel in their role of the bad guy.


bbc--2020-03-08--Celebrating curly hair with portraits and life stories

A photographic exhibition in London is celebrating women 's textured hair using portraits , while sharing stories of their experiences of growing up and living with curly hair .
The Curl Talk Project , founded in 2017 by Paris-born creative Johanna Yaovi , will be exhibited at Hoxton 253 gallery in London until 9 March .
The project statement explains : `` Coming from a diverse range of countries , backgrounds and ethnicities , women share their realities , and reveal what it means to have textured hair in a society where the standard is otherwise .
`` Characterised by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ love , these stories define what it means to be different because of an element that is still seen as a condition for beauty : hair . ''
Here is a selection of photos from the exhibition , featuring portraits of women from France and the UK , along with quotes about their hair .
`` I love my hair , I love to take care of it , play with the texture and the colour as much as I can .
`` I use my hair to dismantle decades of negative messaging @ @ @ @ @ @ @ or society itself : black hair does n't grow , black hair ca n't be beautiful unless it 's long with loose curls . ''
`` Having curly hair does n't necessarily mean that you are meant to have a conflictual relationship with it .
My parents played a strong role in my hair acceptance journey as they always told me how great my hair is , and explained why relaxing it was n't an option .
`` The reason for this was quite simple : my hair is part of me and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ my identity . ''
`` My mother has always been against relaxers but her mindset did n't stop me from being addicted to hair straightening .
`` She used to blow-dry her hair a lot in her younger years , before going natural .
It heavily damaged her curls , and as she did n't want this to happen to mine she tried to prevent me from doing it , in vain . ''
`` I always wore my natural hair but I used to have it braided or twisted until high school @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to wear my natural hair out , I realised that I could n't succeed in this journey without experimenting with new things .
I believe that experimentation is a key element when you want to understand your hair better . ''
`` In my younger years , none of the models , TV hosts or even animation movie characters , had curly hair .
`` The few times it would happen , they would never have a neutral role , and would necessarily have strong personality traits that would make them stand out @ @ @ @ @ @ @ . ''
`` I am genuinely proud of having this hair type but this love for my real texture only started two years ago .
`` I spent my high school years straightening my curls , considering straight hair as the only condition for beauty and femininity . ''
`` My hair is a big signature statement for me and it has gone through many variations in my life .
`` For the past couple of years , I started to see my hair as a clear representation of my womanhood and my @ @ @ @ @ @ @ tool that shapes my identity and gives me great confidence . ''

"She used to blow-dry her hair a lot in her younger years, before going natural. It heavily damaged her curls, and as she didn't want this to happen to mine she tried to prevent me from doing it, in vain."


bbc--2020-03-05--Your pictures on the theme of 'circles'

Your pictures on the theme of 'circles'

And finally a picture by Doris Lustig .
The next theme is `` neon signs '' and the deadline for @ @ @ @ @ .
Send pictures to yourpics @ bbc.co.uk or follow the link to `` Upload your @ @ @ @ @ Further details and terms can be found by following the link to `` We set @ @ @ @ @ the pictures , '' at the bottom of the page .

Image caption,
And finally a picture by Doris Lustig. The next theme is "neon signs" and the deadline for entries is 10 March 2020. Send pictures to yourpics@bbc.co.uk or follow the link to "Upload your pictures here" below. Further details and terms can be found by following the link to "We set the theme, you take the pictures," at the bottom of the page.


bbc--2020-03-08--Super Tuesday: Why didn't more young people vote?

Young people are the future of politics - or at least , they should be .
In the US , people aged 39 and younger - millennials and Generation Z - now make up more than a third of eligible voters .
They 're considered more ethnically diverse , and liberal , than older generations , and experts say they could make a significant impact on this year 's elections .
Except younger voters , as a cohort , consistently turn out in lower numbers than older generations .
The Democratic Party is currently electing its nominee to take on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , and one candidate , Senator Bernie Sanders , has argued he alone can mobilise young and new voters .
The 78-year-old is uniquely popular with the young - according to some polls , he 's the first choice of about 50 % of Democratic primary voters aged 18-38 .
On Super Tuesday , surveys suggest Mr Sanders won the youth vote in every single state - yet there was n't a spike in overall youth turnout , and Mr Sanders still lost out to former Vice-President Joe Biden , 77 , who @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Mr Sanders has admitted that it was `` not easy '' mobilising the youth vote .
`` Have we been as successful as I would hope in bringing young people in ?
The answer is no . ''
• All you need to know about US election • Why the wait for a female US president goes on John Della Volpe , the director of polling at Harvard Kennedy School , has led surveys on American youth voters since 2000 .
He says that based on exit polling data , `` there is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ vote is flat to down in most states ... young people are just not as enthusiastic as many of us expected them to be '' .
So why are n't more young people voting in the Democratic primaries - and what sort of an impact would this have on November 's presidential elections ?
The honest answer is - it 's complicated , and there are several different factors involved .
1 .
It 's not always easy to vote - even when you want to Surveys suggest young people are interested in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ found that 43 % of 18-29 year olds said they were likely to vote in their party 's primary .
But actual turnout appears to have been far lower than that - analysis of exit polls from Tufts University suggests youth turnout in the Super Tuesday states ranged from 5 % to 19 % .
And even in the states where the overall number of young voters increased , they were dwarfed by a larger increase from older voters .
One reason ?
The process of casting your ballot can be complicated - @ @ @ @ @ @ @ There 's no candidate that magically makes voters show up at the polls , '' says Abby Kiesa , director of impact at CIRCLE , a research organisation at Tufts university focused on youth engagement .
`` A young person does n't turn 18 and realise 'oh , my voting location is here ' ... too many people assume that just because we have the internet , everything is obvious , and it 's not . ''
Many young people have complained about accidentally missing the registration deadline - and for students living @ @ @ @ @ @ @ an absentee ballot can be even more complicated .
Benjamin Clardy , 21 , is currently studying in Italy - and found that postal ballot requirements meant he had to `` print out a very specific kind of envelope '' .
The problem ?
He did n't have the right printer , and had to track down a specialist printer in Venice .
Small barriers can add up , says Grace Wells , 22 , a Texan currently studying in Chicago .
`` Most of us do n't have printers at home anymore @ @ @ @ @ @ @ you 're living a busy life , figuring out who to vote for , and trying to remember and navigate different voting processes for a county you do n't live in , it can be tough . ''
And the system can be unreliable .
Lina Tate , 20 , registered for an absentee ballot in mid-February - but did not receive her ballot until 6 March - three days after Super Tuesday .
She has since sent off her ballot , but felt `` very annoyed '' at the process .
`` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that older generations already think we do n't turn out to vote ... [ but ] this is an important process for me . ''
The three all managed to cast their votes eventually - but the system makes it harder for young voters who are n't extremely well-organised or motivated .
Meanwhile , many voters in Texas and California faced a physical challenge - as long lines meant they had to wait several hours to vote .
Rights groups in Texas said wait times were particularly long in student neighbourhoods - and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for an hour and a half , but had to leave to go to class .
He returned shortly after 19:00 , when polls closed , and waited for two hours , but was then told he was no longer allowed to vote .
Mr Della Volpe says while there are very real barriers that make it hard for young people to vote , there are also `` attitudinal barriers that need to be addressed '' .
`` Young Americans vote when they can see a tangible difference that their participation can make @ @ @ @ @ @ @ this motivated record turnout levels in the 2018 mid-term elections .
In general however , many young people can feel disengaged from politics .
A Harvard survey found that only 16 % of those aged 18 to 29 agreed with the statement that `` elected officials who are part of the Baby Boomer generation care about people like me . ''
Within the Democratic party , many young voters feel that the party 's establishment has not been listening to them .
Mitchell Allen , 18 , voted for Bernie Sanders , but @ @ @ @ @ @ @ my age feel the system works against them - there 's no point voting because the establishment will win . ''
Ms Wells , who also voted for Mr Sanders , argues `` it 's difficult to mobilise people in a system that 's continuously telling them their political goals , and movements they want to see happening , are not viable . ''
Meanwhile , Mr Clardy supported Pete Buttigieg - but also found the last-minute rallying behind Joe Biden `` sad ... it seemed like the Democratic Party was not acknowledging @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
A lot of high school students get less information about politics Several young voters say they found it easier to engage in politics once they went to university .
Michaela Pernetti , 22 , remembers people `` did n't want to talk about '' politics at her high school in Sacramento , California .
`` Families do n't talk about it so kids do n't , and you do n't want to bring it up and get in a fight with your friends . ''
She found much more of a `` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ university .
Ethan Somers , 20 , tried to encourage his friends to register to vote when he was in high school in Lakewood , Colorado , but said many were likely to respond : `` Do I really need to ? ''
`` A lot of people at my community college came from low socio-economic backgrounds , and faced real hardship , '' Mr Somers says .
`` In this small town we were in , they saw politics as a thing that happened in Washington , and it did n't feel @ @ @ @ @ @ @ would make a difference to their lives .
They felt politics had failed them in a way that made it too frustrating to deal with . ''
A lot of the divide comes down to the fact that political campaigns rely on visiting college campuses - which means `` young people who do not have college experience are much less likely to be contacted '' , says Ms Kiesa from CIRCLE .
It is problematic `` when systemic inequity in [ political ] access starts so early '' , she adds .
4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ politicians in the race A lot of people have blamed young people for not voting - or say Bernie Sanders failed to mobilise them - but experts say the other political campaigns played a part too .
`` Mr Sanders is not responsible for turning out all young people , '' says Mr Della Volpe .
`` The other reason that youth turnout was low is because other candidates did not make them a strategic focus of their campaigns . ''
What the other candidates forgot , he argues , is that 50 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ say they supported Mr Sanders - so he believes they lost a `` huge opportunity '' to attract younger voters .
And the fact there were so many candidates competing for much of the race could have put off some younger voters .
`` The field was so convoluted , I think some young people stopped trying to figure out who would be the best candidate , and decided ' I 'll just vote in the general election ' '' says Mr Somers .
5 .
Finally - things could still be very @ @ @ @ @ @ @ - and experts disagree on the best way to compare youth turnout .
Harvard pollsters compared 2020 turnout with the most recent Democratic primaries in 2016 , where Bernie Sanders also ran .
Meanwhile , experts at CIRCLE say youth turnout in 2020 actually increased compared to 2012 - which is the last time only one party ( the Republicans ) had a competitive primary .
What they do agree on is that young people have already made a significant impact on politics - and that things can be very different in general @ @ @ @ @ @ @ youth turnout shoot up to 36 % - compared to 20 % in 2014 - and led to several records being broken .
In part , this was because `` in some ways the 2018 vote was a referendum on Trump 's policies , '' says Mr Della Volpe , whereas `` Trump has not been a major factor in the 2020 primary - it 's essentially a referendum on Bernie Sanders . ''
Meanwhile , Ms Kiesa says that several events in 2018 , including the Parkland shooting , mobilised young people @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and voter registration .
Young people `` really do have the ability to create change '' , she adds .
`` We should be very careful not to draw any conclusions on youth turnout in the general election based on the primary . ''

Super Tuesday: Why didn't more young people vote? Published 8 March 2020
Image source, Grace Wells Image caption, "People underestimate how confusing the system can be when you're managing school and work" - Grace Wells
Young people are the future of politics - or at least, they should be.
In the US, people aged 39 and younger - millennials and Generation Z - now make up more than a third of eligible voters. They're considered more ethnically diverse, and liberal, than older generations, and experts say they could make a significant impact on this year's elections.
Except younger voters, as a cohort, consistently turn out in lower numbers than older generations.
The Democratic Party is currently electing its nominee to take on President Donald Trump in November's election, and one candidate, Senator Bernie Sanders, has argued he alone can mobilise young and new voters.
The 78-year-old is uniquely popular with the young - according to some polls, he's the first choice of about 50% of Democratic primary voters aged 18-38.
On Super Tuesday, surveys suggest Mr Sanders won the youth vote in every single state - yet there wasn't a spike in overall youth turnout, and Mr Sanders still lost out to former Vice-President Joe Biden, 77, who won 10 out of 14 states.
Mr Sanders has admitted that it was "not easy" mobilising the youth vote. "Have we been as successful as I would hope in bringing young people in? The answer is no."
John Della Volpe, the director of polling at Harvard Kennedy School, has led surveys on American youth voters since 2000. He says that based on exit polling data, "there is credible evidence to suggest that the youth vote is flat to down in most states... young people are just not as enthusiastic as many of us expected them to be".
So why aren't more young people voting in the Democratic primaries - and what sort of an impact would this have on November's presidential elections?
The honest answer is - it's complicated, and there are several different factors involved.
1. It's not always easy to vote - even when you want to
Surveys suggest young people are interested in politics - one Harvard poll last year found that 43% of 18-29 year olds said they were likely to vote in their party's primary.
But actual turnout appears to have been far lower than that - analysis of exit polls from Tufts University suggests youth turnout in the Super Tuesday states ranged from 5% to 19%.
And even in the states where the overall number of young voters increased, they were dwarfed by a larger increase from older voters.
One reason? The process of casting your ballot can be complicated - especially for first time voters.
"There's no candidate that magically makes voters show up at the polls," says Abby Kiesa, director of impact at CIRCLE, a research organisation at Tufts university focused on youth engagement.
"A young person doesn't turn 18 and realise 'oh, my voting location is here'... too many people assume that just because we have the internet, everything is obvious, and it's not."
Image source, Lina Tate Image caption, Lina Tate didn't receive her ballot until three days after Super Tuesday
Many young people have complained about accidentally missing the registration deadline - and for students living out of their home states, getting an absentee ballot can be even more complicated.
Benjamin Clardy, 21, is currently studying in Italy - and found that postal ballot requirements meant he had to "print out a very specific kind of envelope". The problem? He didn't have the right printer, and had to track down a specialist printer in Venice.
Small barriers can add up, says Grace Wells, 22, a Texan currently studying in Chicago.
"Most of us don't have printers at home anymore," she says. "When you're living a busy life, figuring out who to vote for, and trying to remember and navigate different voting processes for a county you don't live in, it can be tough."
And the system can be unreliable. Lina Tate, 20, registered for an absentee ballot in mid-February - but did not receive her ballot until 6 March - three days after Super Tuesday.
She has since sent off her ballot, but felt "very annoyed" at the process. "As a younger voter, I know that older generations already think we don't turn out to vote... [but] this is an important process for me."
The three all managed to cast their votes eventually - but the system makes it harder for young voters who aren't extremely well-organised or motivated.
Meanwhile, many voters in Texas and California faced a physical challenge - as long lines meant they had to wait several hours to vote.
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Rights groups in Texas said wait times were particularly long in student neighbourhoods - and one 19-year-old told the Guardian he queued for an hour and a half, but had to leave to go to class. He returned shortly after 19:00, when polls closed, and waited for two hours, but was then told he was no longer allowed to vote.
2. Quite a lot of young people feel disillusioned
Mr Della Volpe says there are very real structural barriers including gerrymandering and difficulties with absentee ballots that make it hard for young people to vote - but there are also "attitudinal barriers that need to be addressed".
"Young Americans vote when they can see a tangible difference that their participation can make," he says, arguing that this motivated record turnout levels in the 2018 mid-term elections.
In general however, many young people can feel disengaged from politics. A Harvard survey found that only 16% of those aged 18 to 29 agreed with the statement that "elected officials who are part of the Baby Boomer generation care about people like me."
Image source, Benjamin Clardy Image caption, Benjamin felt "disappointed" at the last-minute rallying behind Joe Biden ahead of Super Tuesday
Within the Democratic party, many young voters feel that the party's establishment has not been listening to them.
Mitchell Allen, 18, voted for Bernie Sanders, but says: "A lot of kids my age feel the system works against them - there's no point voting because the establishment will win."
Ms Wells, who also voted for Mr Sanders, argues "it's difficult to mobilise people in a system that's continuously telling them their political goals, and movements they want to see happening, are not viable."
Meanwhile, Mr Clardy supported Pete Buttigieg - but also found the last-minute rallying behind Joe Biden "sad... it seemed like the Democratic Party was not acknowledging that there are problems."
3. A lot of high school students get less information about politics
Several young voters say they found it easier to engage in politics once they went to university.
Michaela Pernetti, 22, remembers people "didn't want to talk about" politics at her high school in Sacramento, California.
"Families don't talk about it so kids don't, and you don't want to bring it up and get in a fight with your friends." She found much more of a "political atmosphere" once she went to university.
Ethan Somers, 20, tried to encourage his friends to register to vote when he was in high school in Lakewood, Colorado, but said many were likely to respond: "Do I really need to?"
Image source, Ethan Somers Image caption, Students "have to deal with college, housing, loans, and the stress of having to register to vote and file an absentee ballot" - Ethan Somers
"A lot of people at my community college came from low socio-economic backgrounds, and faced real hardship," Mr Somers says.
"In this small town we were in, they saw politics as a thing that happened in Washington, and it didn't feel like the things they would vote on would make a difference to their lives. They felt politics had failed them in a way that made it too frustrating to deal with."
A lot of the divide comes down to the fact that political campaigns rely on visiting college campuses - which means "young people who do not have college experience are much less likely to be contacted", says Ms Kiesa from CIRCLE.
It is problematic "when systemic inequity in [political] access starts so early", she adds.
4. It's also down to the politicians in the race
A lot of people have blamed young people for not voting - or say Bernie Sanders failed to mobilise them - but experts say the other political campaigns played a part too.
This video can not be played To play this video you need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Media caption, 'Which candidate will you swipe right on?'
"Mr Sanders is not responsible for turning out all young people," says Mr Della Volpe. "The other reason that youth turnout was low is because other candidates did not make them a strategic focus of their campaigns."
What the other candidates forgot, he argues, is that 50% of young Democratic voters did not say they supported Mr Sanders - so he believes they lost a "huge opportunity" to attract younger voters.
And the fact there were so many candidates competing for much of the race could have put off some younger voters.
"The field was so convoluted, I think some young people stopped trying to figure out who would be the best candidate, and decided 'I'll just vote in the general election'" says Mr Somers.
5. Finally - things could still be very different in November
Primary elections are complicated - and experts disagree on the best way to compare youth turnout.
Harvard pollsters compared 2020 turnout with the most recent Democratic primaries in 2016, where Bernie Sanders also ran. Meanwhile, experts at CIRCLE say youth turnout in 2020 actually increased compared to 2012 - which is the last time only one party (the Republicans) had a competitive primary.
What they do agree on is that young people have already made a significant impact on politics - and that things can be very different in general elections.
The 2018 mid-term elections saw youth turnout shoot up to 36% - compared to 20% in 2014 - and led to several records being broken.
In part, this was because "in some ways the 2018 vote was a referendum on Trump's policies," says Mr Della Volpe, whereas "Trump has not been a major factor in the 2020 primary - it's essentially a referendum on Bernie Sanders."
Meanwhile, Ms Kiesa says that several events in 2018, including the Parkland shooting, mobilised young people to campaign on issues including gun safety and voter registration.


bbc--2020-03-08--Confessions of a call-centre scammer

Confessions of a call-centre scammer

This week , the BBC showed scammers at work in an Indian call centre , recorded by an activist who hacked into the company 's security cameras .
Staff were seen laughing at their victims in the US and the UK .
But who are these scammers , and how do they justify their actions ?
Behind a pair of mirrored sunglasses , Piyush is telling me how he made a quarter of a million dollars .
`` It was easy money , '' he says , detailing how he bought fancy cars and wore designer clothes .
From a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by defrauding innocent victims at the other end of a phone .
`` To become a rock star we have to do something , '' he says .
Piyush meets me in a friend 's apartment , in one of Delhi 's richest neighbourhoods .
The group of young men I 've come to talk to all have one thing in common - they 've worked in India 's scam call-centre industry .
The country is well-known for outsourcing jobs from Western countries to legitimate call centres , but there 's also a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ after leaving college , Piyush was part of it .
`` I was n't getting a job anywhere else and the money and the incentives were good , '' he says .
The company Piyush worked for ran what is known as a `` tech support scam '' .
It would send a pop-up to people 's screens , telling them their computer had been infected by a `` pornographic virus '' or other malware , and giving them a helpline number to call .
As panicking customers rang in , Piyush and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , to fix a problem that did n't actually exist .
Piyush tells me that tricking people is an `` art '' .
`` We used to target the old people , '' he says .
`` There are many old people in the US who do n't have families , are alone and are disabled , so it 's very easy to trick them . ''
I look at this man sitting opposite me in his baggy jeans and hipster T-shirt and wonder how he could be so cold-hearted .
How would @ @ @ @ @ @ @ victims of scamming , I ask ?
`` Yeah , I will feel bad , '' he says .
`` I did it because I needed money and that 's it . ''
Piyush tells me how once he forced a woman to hand over her last $ 100 , just so he could meet a target .
For her , on the other side of the world , it was Christmas .
`` I took that $ 100 and she cried a lot while making the payment .
Yeah , this was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' he says .
Campaigner Jim Browning hacked into a Delhi call centre run by Amit Chauhan and recorded this video : Readers in the UK can click here to watch Rajini Vaidyanathan 's Panorama documentary The call centre featured in the programme was raided by a police a few days later - Amit Chauhan , is now in custody Piyush went on to set up his own call centre .
He tells me it was easy .
He rented office space and told the landlord he was starting a marketing firm .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ the time difference with the US , so there were few other people around to ask questions about what they were up to .
As the boss , Piyush was constantly thinking of new ways to con customers out of cash .
He drew up a script for another fraudulent scheme , known as the IRS scam , which involved cold-calling people in the US and telling them they 'd get a tax refund of thousands if they first handed over $ 184 .
`` We used to tell them that the police @ @ @ @ @ @ @ them if they did n't pay ! ''
he says .
When he started out , Piyush was paid one rupee for every dollar he made in sales .
So for a $ 100 dollar scam , he 'd only get $ 1.25 ( £1 ) .
But once he became the boss the money flooded in .
Some `` lucky months '' he took home $ 50,000 ( £40,000 ) .
Another ex-scammer , Sam , got into the business unintentionally .
Unemployment in India is now higher than it has been @ @ @ @ @ @ @ looking for his first job he thanked a friend for telling him about a place he could earn good money without working too hard .
At the interview he was told it was a sales job , pitching products to customers in the USA .
It was only while he was being trained in how to talk to customers that he realised what he was getting into .
`` After a month , when we actually made it to the floor , when we were supposed to go live , that 's when @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a scam , '' he tells me .
By that point Sam felt it was too late to back out .
`` I was making more money than an MBA graduate and I do n't have a college degree , '' he remembers .
`` I used to drink a lot , party a lot , what are you going to do with all that money when you literally you do n't have any future plans ? ''
Like some other scammers I 've talked to , Sam wrestled with his conscience but @ @ @ @ @ @ @ wealthy .
`` I just had to be sure that the customers were n't handing me the money for their food… so I always used to pitch to the big guys who can afford it , '' he says .
He could work someone 's income out , he says , from `` the way they talk , the sort of things they have on their computer '' .
`` Is it OK to steal from people if you think they can afford it , '' I ask ?
Sam says he 's @ @ @ @ @ @ @ people he decided were too poor to be scammed , including a mother of three who worked in a fast food restaurant in the US .
He now helps her with any computer issues she might have , and is on her Christmas card list .
Sam says his high salary won him respect from his father , whom he no longer had to rely on for cash .
As we talk , he leans over and shows me the watch on his wrist , worth about $ 400 .
It was a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ targets .
But his father - and friends - did n't know how he had come into such wealth .
`` When they asked what I did , I told them I worked for an IT company as a salesman , '' he says .
Six months into the job , the call centre Sam worked at was raided by the police and was forced to shut down .
Sam escaped arrest and within days secured employment in another similar business .
His bosses were detained for less than a day and he @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a different name .
It 's easy for such companies to operate under the radar , he tells me , which is why they continue to do so .
Sam now has a job with a reputable tech company and has long left the world of scamming .
He says he decided to talk to me openly to appeal to others like him to pursue legal jobs , which offer better prospects in the long term - and where you do n't run the risk of arrest .
Unlike Sam , Piyush did @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
`` I told them everything .
They knew I was earning a lot and were pleased , '' he says .
As I glance down at his jeans , I can see a patch stitched on , with the words `` take every chance '' .
But after close to a decade of scamming he too quit , in fear of police crackdowns .
He feels lucky he never got caught , and now regrets his actions .
`` I felt good at the time , '' he says .
`` In @ @ @ @ @ @ @ . ''
Piyush used his earnings to set up other legal businesses - but ended up losing it all .
`` After that it did n't go right , '' he says .
`` So , I would say it was karma . ''
You may also be interested in : She pretends to have a baby for adoption - can she get help to stop ?

Piyush went on to set up his own call centre. He tells me it was easy. He rented office space and told the landlord he was starting a marketing firm. His staff worked late hours due to the time difference with the US, so there were few other people around to ask questions about what they were up to.


bbc--2020-03-08--Expelled from the US and now in limbo in Sierra Leone

Saren Idaho said he has no connection to Sierra Leone and had never been to the country until he was deported there from the US six months ago .
`` I know nobody here , '' lamented the 55-year-old father of two .
Looking unwell and struggling to walk , he sat down on a plastic chair in his sparsely furnished hotel room in the capital , Freetown .
As he was talking he played with a pack of cigarettes and several butts were squashed in an ashtray beside him .
At least this was better than the crowded police @ @ @ @ @ @ @ floor `` with cockroaches , rats and bed bugs '' for the first five months of his time here .
Prince Latoya , 47 , was on the same deportation flight and is in the same situation .
Both men , who had never met before coming to Sierra Leone , were long-term residents of the US .
But they say they were originally from the Caribbean , which the US authorities dispute .
Idaho and Latoya were expelled last August , along with 17 Sierra Leoneans , among other West Africans , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the US .
They ended up on that flight after staff at Sierra Leone 's embassy in Washington DC were put under pressure by US officials , according to Isha Sillah , director for the Americas and the Pacific at the foreign ministry here .
She said that the US immigration authorities had submitted documents to the embassy that `` appeared to suggest '' that the two men were from Sierra Leone .
Without cross-checking , embassy officials issued them each with an Emergency Travel Certificate ( ETC ) .
Embassy staff @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to the issuance of the ETC was also pressure piled on them by the State Department and the Department of Homeland Security '' to accept them as Sierra Leoneans .
`` The Sierra Leone government are like puppets to the Americans , '' Latoya , who said he was originally from the Bahamas , told the BBC .
Idaho was angry with the US authorities .
`` America forged documents to bring me here claiming this to be my country of citizenship , '' he said .
`` And I know I was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ I am from the Commonwealth of Dominica .
What is so hard about returning to the US ? ''
This has now become a massive bureaucratic problem .
The foreign ministry has contacted the two Caribbean countries ' embassies in Washington to certify that the two men were born there .
`` The Dominican embassy has denied that Idaho is their national while the Bahamian embassy says more documents are needed to enable them make a determination - hence it 's inconclusive , '' Ms Sillah said .
Meanwhile , they are stuck @ @ @ @ @ @ @ manager , Osman Kamara , said the men were checked in by the police with an advance payment for their lodging , but that ran out and an anonymous businessman stepped in to pay the bills to stop them being thrown out .
He also paid for a food and clothing allowance .
Before that , they were each getting $ 2.50 ( £2 ) to cover daily costs , which they said barely paid for breakfast and bottled water .
`` We have been living here with no food , no medical @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The two men had been receiving extra money from relatives sent through Western Union .
But as their Sierra Leone travel documents have now expired , they can no longer pick up the cash as a valid photo ID is required .
Idaho said he had been living in the US for 28 years until he was arrested and jailed in 2018 for driving while drunk .
He has lost all his ID documents .
They were in a house that was seized by the bank as he was unable to pay @ @ @ @ @ @ @ he said .
`` All my possessions , including my birth certificate , are locked in a store somewhere after the takeover of the house , '' he told the BBC .
His wife of 17 years , Mowanda Idaho , and his two sons , aged 14 and 11 , are now living in the US state of South Carolina .
`` It has been devastating for me and the two boys with the 14-year-old now living in a state of depression and failing in school , '' Ms Idaho , who @ @ @ @ @ @ @ phone .
She last saw him for `` a five-minute encounter '' when he was taken to prison in April 2018 .
She had spoken to an immigration lawyer who told her that he had heard nothing like her husband 's case before .
But she says she can not afford the legal fees to take the authorities to court .
Latoya , who had lived in the US for 25 years , was convicted of identity theft .
He said he had no wife or children .
'They said they were from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ things differently .
In an email to the BBC , the Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ) described Latoya as a `` criminal alien who has been convicted of multiple identity theft-related criminal offenses '' .
It said that he entered the country illegally in 1997 , and `` on numerous occasions , Latoya stated to US immigration officers that he was a citizen of Sierra Leone '' .
The Sierra Leonean embassy in Washington confirmed his citizenship , the DHS said .
Latoya vehemently denied that he had made any claim @ @ @ @ @ @ @ I never told then I was from Sierra Leone , '' he said .
`` I do n't know where they got this idea from .
I went [ to the US ] by boat from the Bahamas .
Ask them to produce anything that said I claimed Sierra Leonean citizenship . ''
The US authorities also called Idaho `` a criminal alien '' , who entered the country in 1999 , adding that he had `` multiple convictions for driving under the influence of alcohol '' .
He had told the immigration @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , according to the email from the DHS .
`` I never claimed Sierra Leonean citizenship , '' Idaho said in response .
`` I do n't have a multiple criminal record .
I have only one conviction for driving under the influence of alcohol . ''
As for the idea that the US authorities pressurised the Sierra Leonean embassy into issuing travel documents , the DHS is adamant that this did not happen .
In fact , it said that `` Sierra Leone has a history of refusing to issue travel documents @ @ @ @ @ @ @ which put the country under temporary US visa sanctions in 2017 .
But the government here does not think the men are Sierra Leonean .
It had wanted to fly the two men to the Caribbean , but without confirmation of their citizenship it now hopes to hand them over to the International Office for Migration ( IOM ) .
The IOM chief in Sierra Leone , Sanusi Savage , said that his agency had not received an official request .
He said he had only received phone calls from foreign ministry officials @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , to help .
`` I promised to support them with tickets but upon producing official travel documents and acceptance of their countries of origin , '' he told the BBC .
But that has not happened yet and the two men continue to live at the mercy of bureaucratic bickering .

The IOM chief in Sierra Leone, Sanusi Savage, said that his agency had not received an official request. He said he had only received phone calls from foreign ministry officials including from the minister, Nabilla Tunis, to help.


bbc--2020-03-08--Romania racism row: Bakers from Sri Lanka feel the heat

Three Sri Lankan bakers who moved to a quiet town in Romania to work in a bread factory have unexpectedly found themselves at the centre of an anti-immigration storm .
The workers had gone to Ditrau , a town of 5,000 people in a predominantly ethnic Hungarian area of the north , to earn higher wages .
Shortly after they arrived , about 350 residents protested outside the town hall .
The row escalated when the local Roman Catholic priest delivered a petition of 1,800 signatures calling on the bakery owners not to employ foreign workers while local unemployment was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The Sri Lankans are being diplomatic : `` The villagers had a bit of a problem [ with us ] , '' says one .
But bakery boss Katalin Kollo is clear : `` It is quite obvious that this was about racism . ''
Some residents worried their cultural traditions and community 's safety could be at risk and Mrs Kollo says a closed Facebook group named `` We want an immigrant-free Ditrau '' attracted 2,700 members .
'We have our own culture' '' First , two enter Ditrau , then they @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the rights , and then they 'll bring another 10 , '' a moustachioed , middle-aged man told the meeting .
`` They will bring their culture , but we have our own culture , so we will stick to ours , '' he said .
• The man offering heat to migrants rejected by Europe Another man was more direct , shouting : `` We do n't need immigrants . ''
The story has attracted the attention of the Romanian authorities .
A complaint was filed by the Romanian National Council for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ discrimination .
Why the bakers came The Sri Lankans signed two-year work contracts with the bakery , which employs 94 people and pays for their accommodation .
The bakery manager says she looked abroad for staff , partly to bridge a skills gap and partly to meet employee quota conditions for two EU development grants .
`` We lost a lot of people to the West , and now we 're looking to the East for workers , '' she tells the BBC .
To keep the peace , the company relocated the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ villages , leaving them 15km ( 9 miles ) away from where they work .
Sitting in a small room inside the private Ditroi bakery , Prasanna Piumal , 22 , tells the BBC how he came to Romania to build a future .
But when the race row erupted , he says `` the employment agent came to see us and asked if we wanted to leave and go to Bucharest '' .
He vowed to stay on , as did his colleague , 48-year-old Amahinda Amara Signha , who said he @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in this isolated town at the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains .
`` I did n't understand what the problem was , '' said Mr Signha .
`` When my contract finishes here I will go [ back ] to Sri Lanka .
My house is n't finished there and I want to build my house and develop my future . ''
There may be several reasons why the arrival of three Sri Lankans sparked such a fierce backlash , in a country that suffers from a shortage of workers and has seen @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in recent years .
The Church pulpit is a powerful tool in Romania 's small communities and Mrs Kollo alleges that the local Catholic priest , Karoly Biro , held a Sunday service in which he stoked fears about immigration .
The priest did not respond to BBC requests for a comment .
`` Our fear comes from the unknown , '' the priest told the council meeting .
`` We do n't have any resentment towards the foreigners but we plead to not bring them here to work , because we already @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ] . ''
In another twist , it emerged that two of the Sri Lankans were themselves Catholics .
Adalbert Horvath , a 54-year-old resident and former bakery worker , said he had signed the petition against the foreign workers `` because people are scared of them '' .
However , he thinks the uproar is more about local unemployment than a fear of foreigners .
`` [ The Sri Lankans ] are people as well , they are the same as we are , '' he says .
Another possibility is that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ethnic Hungarian area may have had their views `` shaped '' by Hungarian media .
That , at least , is the view of the mayor .
Hungary , under the leadership of right-wing Prime Minister Viktor Orban , has strongly pushed an anti-immigration agenda which is widely reflected in its national media .
This is a sentiment shared by Csaba Asztalos , the head of the National Council for Combating Discrimination , who is himself an ethnic Hungarian .
`` The Hungarian community from Transylvania is connected to the regional media .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ of constant communication is the anti-immigration discourse , '' he told local news channel Digi24 .
• The man who thinks Europe has been invaded • How has immigration changed in your area ?
The head of Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania , Keleman Hunor , has expressed concern that the focus on Ditrau could stigmatise residents , but he told local media that the situation was `` regrettable '' and that `` intolerance must be rejected '' .
The third Sri Lankan baker to arrive in Ditrau , Dayan Wone Peries @ @ @ @ @ @ @ experience as a baker .
He started work recently , after the public protests had broken out .
`` I did n't take it too seriously , '' the 24-year-old tells the BBC .
`` Half of my money I put in my [ bank ] account and the other half I send to my mother .
I am building my own house . ''
`` So I do n't care about the problem , it can not stop my dreams , '' he smiles .
Despite the furore , Mrs Kollo has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ We have four more workers coming from Nepal .
They should be here now but we are letting things here settle a bit , '' she says .
• Murdered for trying to save Europe 's oldest forests • Deadly attacks in European home of the brown bear

Sitting in a small room inside the private Ditroi bakery, Prasanna Piumal, 22, tells the BBC how he came to Romania to build a future. But when the race row erupted, he says "the employment agent came to see us and asked if we wanted to leave and go to Bucharest".


bbc--2020-03-08--Holly Wellington: 'I played Glastonbury with cancer'

`` It worked with my chemo schedule , so that 's why we were able to do Glastonbury . ''
Holly Wellington was diagnosed with breast cancer a year ago - but she 's now got the all-clear .
The 26-year-old singer from electronic jazz group Ishmael Ensemble told Radio 1 Newsbeat music got her through a difficult period in life .
`` I spent most of the time on the sofa or in hospital and had such little energy .
But whenever I did , I 'd put it into performing , '' she says .
Holly spoke with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ where her band are playing a gig for Teenage Cancer Trust .
'It made me really anxious' She credits her band-mates with Ishmael Ensemble for being so supportive .
`` It was terrifying .
Especially because I had two family members pass away as well . ''
`` Everything changes .
I thought I might not be able to commit to anything anymore , so it made me really anxious . ''
But the band gave her enough space and reassured her that they `` would play together again '' .
`` It @ @ @ @ @ @ @ I 've had so much support and kindness from them . ''
During her treatment , Ishmael Ensemble did around 40 gigs , many of which Holly managed to make - including Glastonbury last June .
The group worked out a solution where Holly did n't have to be performing every time .
But if she was able to , she 'd `` jump in '' .
Holly says memories of Glastonbury are `` a blur '' .
`` We somehow got me in - and I just drove in and drove out @ @ @ @ @ @ @ no hair , her white blood cells were really low and `` she could n't be around anyone '' in case she picked up bugs .
To make it even more memorable , Holly 's dad - who had never experienced Glastonbury before - came along and watched her .
`` My dad was having the best time . ''
Holly spoke about her condition on stage and got a lot of love from the audience - which made it more special .
The music world and the medical world has collided throughout @ @ @ @ @ @ @ `` I remember going to the hospital after having played at a jazz cafe the night before .
So I had a wristband on - both the cafe and the hospital . ''
Holly made lots of friends around the world who were going through similar treatments .
`` From Australia , America , they posted stuff on social media about their journey .
We 've become really close friends even though I 've never met them .
`` But we 've all gone through this one thing that only we can understand @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for me' Holly is thankful that the Teenage Cancer Trust has been there for her from the start and got her through tough moments .
`` They sorted me out with psychologists in the hospital when the thought of starting chemo was terrifying . ''
She found it `` really difficult '' when she lost her eyebrows and eyelashes .
But the Trust `` gave feel good sessions and gave a lesson on how to redo eyebrows and eyelashes '' .
And that 's not all , they 've also given the band @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Cancer Trust gig .
`` I am so excited to walk out and look around to see the majesty of it . ''
`` I remember going on school trips every year to the Royal Albert Hall to see The Proms and stuff , and it was unreal . ''
Holly says she 's learned a lot from her journey .
`` Be kind to myself and you 've got to give yourself that time and space if you 're feeling crappy . ''
She says that she 's fortunate to do music @ @ @ @ @ @ @ time and energy into .
`` I 've had some amazing writing sessions over the past few months .
Hopefully we can create something beautiful that can make others feel good too . ''
Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here .

"I spent most of the time on the sofa or in hospital and had such little energy. But whenever I did, I'd put it into performing," she says.


bbc--2020-03-08--Upcycling sports shirts and aeroplane seats

`` When I started talking about upcycling , people thought I was talking about riding bikes uphill , '' laughs Scott Hamlin .
But the former Adidas boss has a simple , yet ingenious , business model - he buys unwanted tops from professional sports teams , upcycles them into merchandise and sells it back to them .
He first began the business with Portland Trail Blazers shirts , a professional basketball team in the US .
`` They came to us with jerseys of four players that were traded and they wanted us to create something for one of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ says .
The green games are part of the National Basketball Association 's ( NBA ) environmental initiative called NBA Green , which creates awareness and raises funds to help protect the environment .
Mr Hamlin 's company Looptworks used the material from the jerseys to create a scarf , sling bag and toiletry bag .
The company then sold back the finished products to the Trail Blazers , who sold the items at their team store and online .
Once others saw Looptworks ' handiwork it soon found itself with more orders @ @ @ @ @ @ @ fix our way out of the e-waste problem ?
• What happens to all the old wind turbines ?
The NBA has strict rules around its official sports tops , which are not allowed to be sold once players are traded ( when a player is transferred from one club to another ) , if they retire or if the sponsor changes .
This means that a club can get stuck with hundreds , sometimes thousands , of unsellable items .
As a veteran of the sportswear and outdoor clothing industries , Mr @ @ @ @ @ @ @ waste being produced .
He estimated about 15 % -30 % of all materials in the development and production process went unused , often going to the incinerator or landfill .
''It hit me , what we really need to do is just stop ... and not create any new materials until we use the ones that already exist , '' he said .
That inspired Mr Hamlin to set up Looptworks , with the mission to `` close the loop '' , by taking excess textiles and transforming them into consumer goods @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Mr Hamlin thinks upcycling - defined as the process of reusing waste materials to create a product of higher value or quality - is a better solution than recycling .
''Upcycling is different from recycling because then you are grinding up materials and adding more energy footprint to the material , which is better than burning or landfilling , but not as efficient as upcycling . ''
But it 's not just sports tops that are getting overhauled .
When airlines update their plane interiors and refit cabins , Looptworks takes their @ @ @ @ @ @ @ into purses , bags and luggage .
One of its biggest clients is Southwest Airlines .
Looptworks ' other non-sports clients include outdoor clothing firm Patagonia , Wells Fargo bank and Subway .
Mr Hamlin has plans to expand to other sports and countries , and is talking to some `` notable brands '' in Europe about potential partnerships .
When asked about any future collaboration with football clubs , he says : `` Personally , Barcelona , Manchester United , Ajax , Paris St Germain , Manchester City and Real Madrid would @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Textile Recycling Association says both the reuse and recycling of clothing are playing a bigger role in sustainability efforts .
`` With the advent of fast fashion and rapidly rising consumption rates we are now potentially looking at hundreds of thousands of tonnes of used clothing being discarded annually ( globally ) and I think that upcycling will only be able to cope with a limited amount of this , '' says spokesman Alan Wheeler .
Upcycling is also becoming popular for extending the life of furniture and household items .
Canada-based Upcycle @ @ @ @ @ @ @ tea-cups and plastic bottles and reinvents them for corporate clients and individuals .
`` When people upcycle , they experience first hand what it means to take something that was previously considered waste and turn it into something functional and beautiful , '' says Upcycle That co-founder , Judy Rom .
`` This leads to a mindset shift around waste and gets people to think twice before throwing something away . ''

Mr Hamlin thinks upcycling - defined as the process of reusing waste materials to create a product of higher value or quality - is a better solution than recycling. ''Upcycling is different from recycling because then you are grinding up materials and adding more energy footprint to the material, which is better than burning or landfilling, but not as efficient as upcycling.''


bbc--2020-03-08--Australia beat India to win fifth T20 World Cup

Australia demolished India by 85 runs to win their fifth Women 's T20 World Cup title in front of 86,174 at Melbourne Cricket Ground .
It was a near-perfect evening for the hosts , who posted 184-4 after a brutal 75 from Alyssa Healy and opener Beth Mooney 's unbeaten 78 .
An overawed India slid to 18-3 , with teenage star Shafali Verma falling to the third ball of the chase , and they were never in the game .
Megan Schutt again shone , taking 4-18 as India were bundled out for just 99 with five balls left @ @ @ @ @ @ @ as one of the most emphatic in a final by any side .
The 86,174-strong crowd fell short of breaking the record attendance at a women 's sporting event - which stands at 90,185 - but it was an astonishing , atmospheric evening .
Australia were as ruthless as they have ever been to steamroller India , whose heads dropped in the first over of the match when Healy was dropped by Verma .
It means Australia 's dominance of women 's cricket continues - and India , once again , fell short @ @ @ @ @ @ @ not dominated this tournament in the way many expected , but they have grown in confidence and produced a devastating display when it mattered most .
They lost the first game to India , were 10-3 against Sri Lanka in their second match and were staring at a tournament exit at various points , but they were able to find ways to win .
Mooney has been superb at the top of the order , while captain Meg Lanning has always offered a sense of calm , both with the bat and in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ atmosphere at the ' G ' and used it to their advantage , while India , nervous from the very start , crumbled .
It might not have been the competitive outing that was expected , but there is something special about watching a team as ruthless as Australia go about their cricket .
They will be heavy favourites to win back the 50-over World Cup title from England in 2021 .
Mooney was the backbone for Australia , batting through the innings and registering her third half-century of the tournament , but @ @ @ @ @ @ @ will remember .
It was arguably the most merciless innings of the tournament , with Healy thrashing the first ball of the game for four to set the tone .
She gathered further momentum when she was dropped on nine off the fifth ball of the innings , Verma putting down a simple catch at cover .
Australia raced to 47-0 in the first five overs , Healy dominating the bowlers and reaching her half-century in fitting style , a furious drive down the ground for four .
The attack she launched on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ best bowlers in the competition - was completely devastating .
The first length ball was hit over long-on , and the second was given the same treatment before Healy cleared her front leg and hoicked the third flat over cover for a third successive six .
Before this tournament , there were questions over Healy 's form after a lean tri-series .
She ended it walking off with a smile on her face , despite being caught at long-on , having played a key role in a complete demolition of India 's bowlers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ have reached a global final but it was a more disappointing performance than against England at Lord 's in 2017 .
After Verma dropped Healy , Rajeshwari Gayakwad missed a chance to catch Mooney in her follow-through , and India 's heads dropped .
India have a strong batting line-up but Verma was clearly distracted by her poor performance in the field , and she was distraught to nick the third ball of the innings behind .
Wickets fell frequently and with a certain inevitability - Jemimah Rodrigues was caught at mid-on , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , and captain Harmanpreet Kaur holed out in the deep .
India were never in this game , and it was almost a relief to see it end when Poonam Yadav slogged Schutt to deep mid-wicket .
'Our best performance on the biggest stage ' - what they said Australia captain Meg Lanning : `` I 'm really proud of this group of players - we 've had everything thrown at us , we 've had our ups and downs and scraped through the tournament but it was our best performance on the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that first game , there was a lot of expectation on us and a lot of tough times , but we stuck together and we had each other 's backs throughout . ''
Australia opener Beth Mooney : `` It 's been an unbelievable tournament and the crowds have been amazing throughout .
We 've got an elite line-up and if it 's not your day , somebody else steps up and does it .
`` You can always be better and that 's the mantra I and the team live by .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ been given the opportunities I have by Cricket Australia . ''
India captain Harmanpreet Kaur : `` The way we played in the group games was outstanding , I still have a lot of faith in our team , we need to focus on the areas - particularly the fielding as it was disappointing we dropped those catches .
`` We need to keep trusting ourselves , and I trust this team . ''

ICC Women's T20 World Cup final, Melbourne Cricket Ground Australia 184-5 (20 overs): Mooney 78*, Healy 75 India 99 (19.1 overs): Sharma 33, Schutt 4-18, Jonassen 3-20 Australia won by 85 runs Scorecard
Australia demolished India by 85 runs to win their fifth Women's T20 World Cup title in front of 86,174 at Melbourne Cricket Ground.
It was a near-perfect evening for the hosts, who posted 184-4 after a brutal 75 from Alyssa Healy and opener Beth Mooney's unbeaten 78.
An overawed India slid to 18-3, with teenage star Shafali Verma falling to the third ball of the chase, and they were never in the game.
Megan Schutt again shone, taking 4-18 as India were bundled out for just 99 with five balls left.
Australia's performance will be remembered as one of the most emphatic in a final by any side.
The crowd fell short of breaking the record attendance at a women's sporting event - which stands at 90,185 - but it was an astonishing, atmospheric evening.
Australia were as ruthless as they have ever been to steamroller India, whose heads dropped in the first over of the match when Healy was dropped by Verma.
It means Australia's dominance of women's cricket continues - and India, once again, fell short at a global final.
From opening-day stumble to emphatic win
Australia have not dominated this tournament in the way many expected, but they have grown in confidence and produced a devastating display when it mattered most.
They lost the first game to India, were 10-3 against Sri Lanka in their second match and were staring at a tournament exit at various points, but they were able to find ways to win.
Mooney has been superb at the top of the order, while captain Meg Lanning has always offered a sense of calm, both with the bat and in the field.
Australia embraced the raucous atmosphere at the 'G' and used it to their advantage, while India, nervous from the very start, crumbled.
It might not have been the competitive outing that was expected, but there is something special about watching a team as ruthless as Australia go about their cricket.
They will be heavy favourites to win back the 50-over World Cup title from England in 2021.
Healy & Mooney steal the show
Mooney was the backbone for Australia, batting through the innings and registering her third half-century of the tournament, but it is Healy's performance that most will remember.
It was arguably the most merciless innings of the tournament, with Healy thrashing the first ball of the game for four to set the tone.
She gathered further momentum when she was dropped on nine off the fifth ball of the innings, Verma putting down a simple catch at cover.
Australia raced to 47-0 in the first five overs, Healy dominating the bowlers and reaching her half-century in fitting style, a furious drive down the ground for four.
The attack she launched on Shikha Pandey - one of India's best bowlers in the competition - was completely devastating.
The first length ball was hit over long-on, and the second was given the same treatment before Healy cleared her front leg and hoicked the third flat over cover for a third successive six.
Before this tournament, there were questions over Healy's form after a lean tri-series. She ended it walking off with a smile on her face, despite being caught at long-on, having played a key role in a complete demolition of India's bowlers.
India underwhelm on biggest stage
This was the second time India have reached a global final but it was a more disappointing performance than against England at Lord's in 2017.
After Verma dropped Healy, Rajeshwari Gayakwad missed a chance to catch Mooney in her follow-through, and India's heads dropped.
India have a strong batting line-up but Verma was clearly distracted by her poor performance in the field, and she was distraught to nick the third ball of the innings behind.
Wickets fell frequently and with a certain inevitability - Jemimah Rodrigues was caught at mid-on, Smriti Mandhana chipped Sophie Molineux to cover, and captain Harmanpreet Kaur holed out in the deep.
India were never in this game, and it was almost a relief to see it end when Poonam Yadav slogged Schutt to deep mid-wicket.
'Our best performance on the biggest stage' - what they said
Australia captain Meg Lanning: "I'm really proud of this group of players - we've had everything thrown at us, we've had our ups and downs and scraped through the tournament but it was our best performance on the biggest stage.
"After we lost that first game, there was a lot of expectation on us and a lot of tough times, but we stuck together and we had each other's backs throughout."
Katy Perry performed a concert for fans before and after the match
Australia opener Beth Mooney: "It's been an unbelievable tournament and the crowds have been amazing throughout. We've got an elite line-up and if it's not your day, somebody else steps up and does it.
"You can always be better and that's the mantra I and the team live by. I'm fortunate and grateful to have been given the opportunities I have by Cricket Australia."
India captain Harmanpreet Kaur: "The way we played in the group games was outstanding, I still have a lot of faith in our team, we need to focus on the areas - particularly the fielding as it was disappointing we dropped those catches.
"We need to keep trusting ourselves, and I trust this team."


bbc--2020-03-08--Wales captain Jones wants action over Marler grabbing incident

Alun Wyn Jones says he hopes World Rugby look at the first-half incident which saw England prop Joe Marler grab the Wales captain by the genitals .
No action was taken against Marler with Jones admitting he was unsure how he should react to the incident .
`` It 's interesting and what would you do in that situation ? ''
said Jones .
`` I have won 138 caps for my country , but if I react I get a red card so it 's tough .
Hopefully World Rugby have a look at it . ''
• Chaos @ @ @ @ @ @ @ late collapse • 'We had 13 players against 16 ' - England boss Jones Jones said he shook Marler 's hand but did not speak to the Harlequins prop at the end of the match , which England won 33-30 .
World Rugby law 9.27 says `` A player must not do anything that is against the spirit of good sportsmanship including but not limited to grabbing , twisting or squeezing the genitals '' .
The offence has a low end punishment of 12 weeks to a maximum penalty of 208 weeks .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Six Nations matter as they are in charge of the disciplinary process .
Six Nations bosses have 48 hours after the conclusion of any game to cite players .
`` Joe is a good bloke and a lot of things happen on a rugby field , '' said Jones .
`` My question is that it 's difficult as a captain these days to speak to a referee about anything .
`` I looked at the touch judge and he did not see what happened , which is fine .
`` But there @ @ @ @ @ @ @ been shown and a lot of supporters have seen what has happened .
`` It is very frustrating that we talk a lot about TMOs and footage review but there does not seem to be a lot happening .
`` I think it needs to be taken in the context of the game .
But with regards to the judicial panel that rugby has surrounding each game , as players - removing myself and Joe from this and the game itself - that 's what we need to focus on .
`` Not @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Wales suffered a third successive Six Nations defeat for the first time since 2007 and will look to end that run against Scotland in Cardiff next Saturday .
`` We will review this game and look to improve this performance , and we will be tough on ourselves , '' said head coach Wayne Pivac .
`` We are here to win Test matches .
We have not done that in recent weeks so we need to make sure we take a look at that and take the learnings .
`` We have @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Scotland and that 's an important game for us to continue to improve the way we are playing the game .
`` We are finishing at home and looking to end on a positive note . ''
Wales will be without second row Jake Ball who needs surgery and is set to be out for three months after he suffered an arm injury in the second half at Twickenham .
There are also concerns over full-back Leigh Halfpenny ( gashed leg ) and props Dillon Lewis ( ankle ) and Leon Brown ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Shingler also picked up a second-half injury .

Last updated on .From the section Welsh Rugby
Alun Wyn Jones says he hopes World Rugby look at the first-half incident which saw England prop Joe Marler grab the Wales captain by the genitals.
No action was taken against Marler with Jones admitting he was unsure how he should react to the incident.
"It's interesting and what would you do in that situation?" said Jones.
"I have 138 caps for my country, but if I react I get a red card so it's tough. Hopefully World Rugby have a look at it."
Jones said he shook Marler's hand but did not speak to the Harlequins prop at the end of the match, which England won 33-30.
World Rugby law 9.27 says "A player must not do anything that is against the spirit of good sportsmanship including but not limited to grabbing, twisting or squeezing the genitals".
The offence has a low end punishment of 12 weeks to a maximum penalty of 208 weeks.
World Rugby say potential action is a Six Nations matter as they are in charge of the disciplinary process. Six Nations bosses have 48 hours after the conclusion of any game to cite players.
The decisions are made by an independent citing commissioner.
"Joe is a good bloke and a lot of things happen on a rugby field," said Jones.
"My question is that it's difficult as a captain these days to speak to a referee about anything.
"I looked at the touch judge and he did not see what happened, which is fine.
"But there is a lot of footage that has been shown and a lot of supporters have seen what has happened.
Joe Marler: England prop's 'stupidity' over Alun Wyn Jones condemned by ex-Wales stars
"It is very frustrating that we talk a lot about TMOs and footage review but there does not seem to be a lot happening.
"I think it needs to be taken in the context of the game. But with regards to the judicial panel that rugby has surrounding each game, as players - removing myself and Joe from this and the game itself - that's what we need to focus on.
"Not the incident or the individual."
Wales suffered a third successive Six Nations defeat for the first time since 2007 and will look to end that run against Scotland in Cardiff next Saturday.
"We will review this game and look to improve this performance, and we will be tough on ourselves," said head coach Wayne Pivac.
"We are here to win Test matches. We have not done that in recent weeks so we need to make sure we take a look at that and take the learnings.
"We have a game in seven days time against Scotland and that's an important game for us to continue to improve the way we are playing the game.
"We are finishing at home and looking to end on a positive note."
Wales will be without second row Jake Ball who needs surgery and is set to be out for three months after he suffered an arm injury in the second half at Twickenham.
There are also concerns over full-back Leigh Halfpenny (gashed leg) and props Dillon Lewis (ankle) and Leon Brown (shoulder), while replacement flanker Aaron Shingler also picked up a second-half injury.


bbc--2020-03-03--History, strikes and celebrations

History, strikes and celebrations

You might have seen International Women 's Day mentioned in the media or heard friends talking about it .
But what is it for ?
When is it ?
Is it a celebration or a protest ?
And is there an equivalent International Men 's Day ?
For more than a century people around the world have been marking 8 March as a special day for women .
Read on to find out why .
1 .
When did it all start ?
International Women 's Day grew out of the labour movement to become a UN-recognised annual event .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ 1908 , when 15,000 women marched through New York City demanding shorter working hours , better pay and the right to vote .
It was the Socialist Party of America who declared the first National Woman 's Day , a year later .
The idea to make the day international came from a woman called Clara Zetkin .
She suggested the idea in 1910 at an International Conference of Working Women in Copenhagen .
There were 100 women there , from 17 countries , and they agreed on her suggestion unanimously .
It @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Austria , Denmark , Germany and Switzerland .
The centenary was celebrated in 2011 , so this year we 're technically celebrating the 109th International Women 's Day .
Things were made official in 1975 when the United Nations ( UN ) started celebrating the day .
The first theme adopted by the UN ( in 1996 ) was `` Celebrating the past , Planning for the Future '' .
This year 's focuses on `` An equal world is an enabled world '' and asks for people to work together to create @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 's Day has become a date to celebrate how far women have come in society , in politics and in economics , while the political roots of the day mean strikes and protests are organised to raise awareness of continued inequality .
2 .
When is it ?
8 March .
Clara 's idea for an International Women 's Day had no fixed date .
It was n't formalised until a war-time strike in 1917 when Russian women demanded `` bread and peace '' - and four days into the women 's strike @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the provisional government granted women the right to vote .
The date when the women 's strike commenced on the Julian calendar , which was then in use in Russia , was Sunday 23 February .
This day in the Gregorian calendar was 8 March - and that 's when it 's celebrated today .
3 .
Is there an International Men 's Day ?
There is indeed , on 19 November .
But it has only been marked since the 1990s and is n't recognised by the UN .
People celebrate it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the UK .
The objectives of the day are `` to focus attention on men 's and boys ' health , improve gender relations , promote gender equality and highlight positive male role models '' .
The theme for 2019 was `` Making a difference for men and boys '' .
4 .
How is Women 's Day celebrated around the world ?
International Women 's Day is a national holiday in many countries , including Russia where the sales of flowers doubles during the three or four days around 8 March .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ a half-day off work on 8 March , as advised by the State Council , although many employers do n't always pass the half-day on to their female employees .
In Italy , International Women 's Day , or la Festa della Donna , is celebrated by the giving of mimosa blossom .
The origin of this tradition is unclear but it is believed to have started in Rome after World War Two .
In the US , the month of March is Women 's History Month .
A presidential proclamation issued every @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
5 .
What is happening this year ?
This year 's International Women 's Day campaign has chosen the theme # EachForEqual , which is drawn from the idea of collective individualism .
`` We are all parts of a whole , '' the campaign states .
`` Our individual actions , conversations , behaviours and mindsets can have an impact on our larger society .
`` Collectively , we can make change happen .
Collectively , we can each help to create a gender equal world . ''
The past few @ @ @ @ @ @ @ reach an unprecedented scale .
In October 2017 , millions began using the hashtag # MeToo on social media to speak out against experiences of harassment and sexual assault , and to denounce their widespread prevalence .
In 2018 , the # MeToo conversation grew to a global scale , with countries such as India , France , China , and South Korea joining in the conversation to demand change .
In the US , a record number of women were elected in the midterm elections .
Last year saw abortion decriminalised in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ law that controlled how women acted and dressed in public in Sudan .
BBC 100 Women names 100 influential and inspirational women around the world every year .
We create documentaries , features and interviews about their lives , giving more space for stories that put women at the centre .
Follow BBC 100 Women on Instagram and Facebook and join the conversation .

8 March. Clara's idea for an International Women's Day had no fixed date. It wasn't formalised until a war-time strike in 1917 when Russian women demanded "bread and peace" - and four days into the women's strike the Tsar was forced to abdicate and the provisional government granted women the right to vote. The date when the women's strike commenced on the Julian calendar, which was then in use in Russia, was Sunday 23 February. This day in the Gregorian calendar was 8 March - and that's when it's celebrated today.


bbc--2020-03-07--The women helping Hollywood shoot safer sex scenes

Alicia Rodis walks onto set in New York with a mission : to oversee the shooting of a very complex - and daring - group sex scene for a TV series on a major US network .
She 's there to make sure the director observes the intimacy boundaries set by each of the 30 actors taking part .
She keeps track of the conditions of their consent on a big spreadsheet , to make sure everyone is comfortable when the camera rolls .
In a theatre elsewhere in the city , Chelsea Pace choreographs an intimate scene performed by @ @ @ @ @ @ @ n't 'grope ' , you make muscle-level contact with the front of your partner 's body , '' she says , using non-sexual language to interpret the stage directions , as the two actors repeat a set of movements .
Welcome to the world of intimacy coordinators .
These women would n't have been doing this job just a few years ago .
Now they are part of one of the fastest-growing professions across the entertainment industry .
As trained facilitators , they help performers and productions navigate sensitive scenes involving physical contact @ @ @ @ @ @ @ or simulated sex .
Just weeks ago , the powerful US actors ' union SAG-AFTRA issued a landmark document , regulating sex scenes through the hiring of these intimacy experts .
It 's part of a wider drive to stop sexual misconduct in the entertainment industry .
`` This came off the back of the concern of our members for their safety , '' says SAG-AFTRA president , Gabrielle Carteris .
`` Actors , and women in particular , spoke out to tell their stories .
Not just about Weinstein , but many @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Harvey Weinstein , 67 , was found guilty of two accounts of sexual assault in a New York trial last month .
Allegations against him helped spark the # MeToo and Time 's Up movements .
In the two years since , the demand for intimacy coordinators in Hollywood has soared .
`` We have stunt coordinators , choreograph fight scenes and really take care of people when physical violence is involved , '' says Alicia Rodis , who first trained as a fight choreographer .
`` But then when it comes to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ high-risk situation , there was no consideration at all .
It is shocking . ''
Rodis is now a full-time intimacy coordinator and co-founder of Intimacy Directors International .
Industry experts estimate some 50 intimacy specialists are currently advising productions , mainly in the US and the UK , a tenfold increase over just a few years .
Improvising intimate scenes after basic instructions from the director used to be norm , leaving actors to fend for themselves in establishing boundaries .
`` We used to rely on actors actual lived experiences , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ actor 's idea of 'passionately making out ' would match the director 's , '' says Pace , who also acts and co-founded research group Theatrical Intimacy Education in 2017 .
The power dynamics at play in the industry makes it hard for actors - particularly women - to speak up if they are n't happy .
`` First rule of self-preservation is to say 'yes ' to everything you get asked .
That 's really baked into actors ' training , '' says Pace .
The issue has been simmering since long @ @ @ @ @ @ @ October 2017 .
Decades after filming Bernardo Bertolucci 's Last Tango in Paris in 1972 , Maria Schneider said she had felt `` humiliated '' and `` a little raped '' as the director surprised her with unscripted sexual contact .
She was 19 at the time .
More recently , Emilia Clark has spoken about filming some explicit scenes on Game of Thrones , which she found `` terrifying '' .
`` I 'm now on a film set completely naked with all of these people , and I do n't know @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and I do n't know what 's expected of me , and I do n't know what you want , and I do n't know what I want , '' she said in an interview .
But things have started to change in post # MeToo Hollywood .
One of the turning points happened on the set of HBO series The Deuce , about the blossoming porn industry in 1970s New York .
Emily Meade , who played a sex worker and porn star , spoke to bosses when she found some of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 'm somebody who has played really sexualised characters my whole career .
I did my first sex scene at 16 .
And there are many times I 've felt uncomfortable , whether I 've realized it in the moment or looking back retroactively , '' said Meade in an HBO interview .
In came Alicia Rodis , hired for the first time by a mainstream TV network to facilitate the simulation of sex in a scene .
`` I always say , 'Let 's discuss what 's on the page but also what @ @ @ @ @ @ @ so there are no surprises when we get to set , '' she explains .
`` I want to champion the director 's vision but also make sure that we stay within the boundaries of the performers . ''
HBO later announced that the network will contract intimacy coordinators on any show that involves nudity and other companies , like Netflix , Amazon and Apple+ , followed suit .
Intimacy directors are now also often found on big theatre productions .
`` You are a support system but also part of the creative @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a storytelling tool fits in the story , '' says Yarit Dor , credited as the first intimacy director in London 's West End .
`` In theatre , it is a four-week process .
In TV and film it has to be much quicker , so you work intensively with the actors before getting to the set , '' compares Dor .
Amanda Blumenthal , an LA-based intimacy advisor on Showtime 's highly sexualised series The Affair , says the job is `` part mediator , part counsellor , part choreographer '' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ actor will be OK doing nudity because he or she has done it before , which is not always the case , '' says Blumenthal , who runs Intimacy Professionals Association .
`` It is an incredibly difficult situation to be in .
I have found myself on set helping actors to enforce their boundaries . ''
Over the past year , the growing community of intimacy experts have developed techniques and protocols for the job - from advising writers to discussing technical aspects of how to film simulated sex .
The new @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with the intimacy coordinator meeting one-on-one with performers prior to the rehearsal , and making sure the costume department provides appropriate nudity garments , prosthetics and barriers to cover genitalia , such a silicone padding or hard fabrics .
During filming of an intimate scene , the coordinator will make sure the set is closed and the crew numbers are kept to a minimum .
And they will help choreograph the physical interaction of the scene itself .
`` A big part of our job is to make sure there is continued consent @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' says Blumenthal .
In the UK , Directors UK have worked to set up the role of intimacy coordinators and Ita O'Brien , the BBC 's first intimacy director and advisor to Netflix 's Sex Education , has been developing guidelines .
There is a need to establish boundaries , says O'Brien , `` including an agreed strategy to halt the action where necessary . ''
These scenes need as much planning as a car chase or any other stunt , experts say .
`` If there is kissing and maybe some @ @ @ @ @ @ @ our breast touched ?
Having back , shoulders , bottom being touched ?
We make sure there is no genital contact or , if actors agree to have genital contact as part of the scene , that there 's a barrier , '' explains Rodis .
Before , the role of looking after performers often fell on costume and makeup artists , who would hand out robes in between shots and glance at the monitor to make sure the camera was not revealing more than was agreed .
Now , intimacy coordinators are @ @ @ @ @ @ @ - desexualised language to interpret the stage directions .
`` It is not one actor groping another actor : it is one character groping another character , but the actors are making muscle-level contact , '' explains Pace .
Rather than `` caress your partner '' , Pace says she would instruct an actor to `` make some skin-contact with the side of your partner 's face '' .
`` It is not only more specific but also free from sexual connotations '' , she says .
`` We find that the scenes @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mean censored , just better thought-out '' , agrees Rodis .
Yet the new role of the intimacy supervisors met with some reluctance in the industry .
At first , says SAG 's Carteris , directors and producers feared the shooting process might be slowed down .
There 's also a financial concern , as hiring a specialist can remain off-budget for smaller productions .
`` We are not the sex police .
Sometimes directors think we are there to tell them 'no ' to a moment of nudity they want to have @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , '' says Pace .
`` Once they work with an intimacy expert , many directors feel that having this extra person takes some of the weight off them , it 's a safeguard , '' says Yarit Dor .
There is however a more radical industry shift that is needed - one that shakes that `` yes culture '' that stops actors , particularly women , to stand their grounds .
`` This is about redistribution of power on the set .
We need directors who want actors to have a say @ @ @ @ @ @ @ articulate what they need , '' Pace says .
The increasing number of trained intimacy choreographers , as well as intimacy-aware new generations of actors , may help this industry shift .
Last year , Intimacy Directors International had more than 70 applications for 10 places in their certification course , according to Reuters .
`` The truth is there are not enough intimacy coordinators right now , and demand is only going to grow , '' says Carteris .
The pool of coordinators also needs to be more diverse , actors argue @ @ @ @ @ @ @ also need more non-binary people and from different backgrounds , '' says Rodis .
`` Sometimes it 's just not appropriate to have a white intimacy coordinator , who may not know how to create a safe set for people of colour , and we need to be aware of this . ''
BBC 100 Women names 100 influential and inspirational women around the world every year .
We create documentaries , features and interviews about their lives - stories that put women at the centre .
Follow BBC 100 Women on Instagram @ @ @ @ @ @ @

"I'm now on a film set completely naked with all of these people, and I don't know what I'm meant to do, and I don't know what's expected of me, and I don't know what you want, and I don't know what I want," she said in an interview.