bbc--2020-01-20--Virginia gun rally: Authorities gear up for unrest in Richmond

Thousands of people are expected to descend on the US city of Richmond , in Virginia , on Monday for a pro-gun rally that authorities fear could turn violent .
State governor Ralph Northam declared a state of emergency ahead of the rally , banning firearms from the area around the Capitol building .
The Lobby Day rally is an annual event , but several gun-control bills passed in January by the Democrat-led Virginia legislature - in a state where gun rights have historically been permissive - have angered gun owners and activists .
The Virginia Citizens Defense League , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ rally , said it expected as many as 50,000 people .
Many of the buses laid on from neighbouring states were sold out before the weekend .
Various groups including armed militia , right-wing extremists and local Antifa , or anti-fascist movement , are expected to attend .
Christian Yingling , who led the Pennsylvania Light Foot Militia during the violent clashes in Charlottesville in 2017 , told the BBC he was hoping for a big turnout .
`` I 'd like to see a lot of people , I really would .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ lot of militia types are coming in from some distance ... Texas , Illinois , elsewhere , '' he said .
He said he hoped the rally would pass peacefully but feared it would not .
`` I think there 's enormous potential for something to go wrong . ''
At a rural community hall about 20 miles south of Richmond , dozens of people from different militia groups gathered on Sunday night to talk about tactics for the following day and about the broader threat to gun rights they see in Virginia @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the founders of the VCDL , asked how many people had travelled in from outside the state , more than half raised their hands .
Many at the meeting said they hoped for a peaceful day tomorrow , some said they anticipated violence .
`` I 'm dreading it .
Because I was in Charlottesville , I was at the Boston free speech rally .
I see what it can be and that 's what I dread , '' said Tammy Lee , a militia organiser from Oklahoma .
`` There 's a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 's a lot of uneducated people coming .
It 's going to be volatile .
I pray I 'm wrong , but I do n't think so . ''
• Four dates that explain the US gun debate • Charlottesville remembered : ' A battle for the soul of America' Democratic presidential candidate Michael Bloomberg was a frequent target for his spending on gun control efforts .
So was the state governor Mr Northam - `` Do n't let the evil bastard win , '' said Mr Trojan , rounding off a speech @ @ @ @ @ @ @ who travelled down from Pennsylvania , said he would go the rally on Monday , armed with his handgun , but hoped it would be peaceful .
`` I 'm more of a thinker than a run into trouble type of guy , '' he said .
President Donald Trump risked ratcheting up tensions when he tweeted on Saturday : `` Your 2nd Amendment is under very serious attack in the Great Commonwealth of Virginia .
That 's what happens when you vote for Democrats , they will take your guns away .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Richmond Capitol building was challenged by gun rights groups , but upheld by state Supreme Court over the weekend , and the organisers , the VCDL , called for `` 10,000 patriots '' to hand their guns to someone else and enter the Capitol unarmed .
What are the proposed gun laws ?
Virginia 's legislature , which the Democrats won control of in November , has approved three gun control bills .
These would : • Prohibit the purchase of more than one handgun per month • Allow local governments to ban @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Northam , who has made gun control a top priority of his administration , said he hoped to pass all three measures .
The Federal Aviation Administration issued temporary flight restrictions over the city , making it illegal to fly planes or drones .
The FBI announced last week it had arrested seven members of a neo-Nazi extremist group known as The Base , at least three of whom planned to travel to the rally on Monday .
The arrests underscored the extent to which the Lobby Day rally had been seized upon @ @ @ @ @ @ @ groups , including The Base , explicitly state their aim as inciting a race war in the US .
Megan Squires , an expert in online extremism from the University of North Carolina , said the open talk of inciting violence in extremist online chat groups had suddenly quietened down in the wake of the FBI arrests .
`` In December , when this event was announced , those types of groups were very excited about this event - calling it the boogaloo and saying it was going to kick off the race @ @ @ @ @ @ @ But about 48 hours ago the tenor in those Telegram groups shifted considerably , and I think that 's because of the seven arrests . ''
The event has been compared to the deadly white nationalist rally in Charlottesville in 2017 , where a 32-year-old counter protester was killed by a rally goer and violent clashes broke out around the city .
But the local Antifa chapter and other left-wing groups indicated they intended to march with the pro-gun protesters , rather than against them - seemingly reducing the likelihood of violent clashes @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Martin Luther King Day - a public holiday in honour of the civil rights leader .
In Richmond , police set up chain-link barriers around the Capitol in anticipation of the crowds and roads were closed off .
Anyone attempting to enter the area around the Capitol will have to pass through a metal detector .
Mr Yingling said he thought the sheer number of firearms present would act as a deterrent to anyone minded to act violently .
`` When you have that many guns floating around , people tend to act @ @ @ @ @ @

"In December, when this event was announced, those types of groups were very excited about this event - calling it the boogaloo and saying it was going to kick off the race war," she said. "But about 48 hours ago the tenor in those Telegram groups shifted considerably, and I think that's because of the seven arrests."


bbc--2020-01-20--Influencers 'being offered thousands for sex'

Top social media influencers are being propositioned daily by strangers with offers of thousands of pounds in return for sex , the Victoria Derbyshire programme has been told .
One said social media had become `` a catalogue '' for men to select their next conquest .
`` It 's high-end prostitution - it 's just scary to think if they 've messaged me , they 've probably sent it to thousands of pretty girls on Instagram , '' says Tyne-Lexy Clarson .
She says she was only 19 when she was first propositioned , with an offer of £20,000 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ starring in series two of Love Island , an agency emailed , offering her £50,000 for five nights in Dubai .
It contained a non-disclosure agreement , stating that the details of what she would be required to do would remain confidential .
Tyne-Lexy says she refused the offer , but fears that struggling influencers who do not receive luxury items for free would feel pressure to `` keep up appearances '' and become vulnerable to these kinds of transactions .
`` It 's a lot of money for some people , it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Rosie Williams , who starred in series three of Love Island , says she was offered £100,000 a year plus all her clothes and bags , to become a companion to a man in Dubai .
She showed us one of the recent messages she had received , from a man purporting to be in Dubai .
It says she may be surprised to hear from him but he has an `` important transaction '' he wishes to share - which she says is a common turn of phrase in these messages .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ tempted , despite the large amount of money involved .
Rosie says it is not an aspect of fame she anticipated : `` You 're warned about trolling , you 're warned that your life will change dramatically , but you 're never warned that you could get bought by men . ''
And she says it is not spoken about in influencer circles : `` We either are n't in a position where we need to do it so we do n't speak about it , or we 've done it and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ programme has seen several messages which influencers have received .
The approaches vary from men directly suggesting sex , to agents acting on behalf of a wealthy client .
We received anonymous written evidence from a person claiming to be a British reality star , who said she had been offered £10,000 for sex as part of a holiday package .
`` Isabel '' said she was first approached on Instagram by a man 10 years older than her , after she had competed in a TV talent show .
`` I was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a fetish for being financially dominant so he would get a sexual kick out of spending hundreds and hundreds of pounds on bags for me , '' she explained .
`` I would also struggle to keep my followers engaged online .
So I guess that 's why I accepted the offer.
`` She said they did not meet for 18 months and spoke every day , so she was excited to meet him .
`` He was really pleasant when I was there .
At dinner we started drinking and he was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ I was in £5,000 of debt .
He said : 'Have sex with me and I 'll give you double that ' . ''
`` Isabel '' said she went up to his hotel room and went through with it .
`` I felt a kind of a mixture of degraded , really annoyed at myself , violated . ''
But she insists it is not a form of prostitution : `` It is a targeted relationship that progresses over time ...
Whereas I think prostitution is when you agree a fee with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Object , which campaigns against the sexual objectification of women , said it understood why women accepted the `` hugely tempting '' offers .
Heather Brunskell-Evans said : `` The women who are involved with this will not want to hear the word prostitution .
The reality is that they are selling their bodies for money .
`` The groomers are offering the woman everything she needs to be a success at her job as an influencer , but ultimately it 's exploitation , and that woman will have to do things @ @ @ @ @ @ @ want to associate herself with , that make her feel shamed . ''
Celebrity agent Rob Cooper said it was not only women who were approached .
He said one man who was posting online was regularly offered money to perform sex acts .
`` I would say a high-level influencer or reality star receives these messages every single day . ''
He added that social media platforms should find a way of making people accountable to their account - using something like a passport or national insurance number - so that if @ @ @ @ @ @ @ appeal to get their account reinstated .
A Facebook company spokesman said : `` Sexual solicitation is not tolerated on Instagram , and those who repeatedly break our guidelines will be banned .
We want Instagram to be a safe space for people to express themselves .
We invest heavily in tools and technologies to prevent harassment on the platform . ''
Follow the BBC 's Victoria Derbyshire programme on Facebook and Twitter - and see more of our stories here .

She showed us one of the recent messages she had received, from a man purporting to be in Dubai. It says she may be surprised to hear from him but he has an "important transaction" he wishes to share - which she says is a common turn of phrase in these messages.


bbc--2020-01-20--Australia storms: Huge hail causes chaos in two cities

Melbourne and Canberra have been pelted by golf-ball sized hail in separate storms within 24 hours .
The wild weather @ @ @ @ @ emergency help in the state of Victoria alone .
The rain has helped to fight @ @ @ @ @ to burn .

Melbourne and Canberra have been pelted by golf-ball sized hail in separate storms within 24 hours.
The wild weather prompted over 1,500 calls for emergency help in the state of Victoria alone.
The rain has helped to fight bushfires, but many continue to burn.


bbc--2020-01-20--Brexit: UK rules out Gibraltar-EU travel deal

The UK government says Gibraltar can not negotiate a separate deal with the EU on passport-free travel after Brexit .
On Friday , Chief Minister of Gibraltar Fabian Picardo said joining the EU 's Schengen zone would be advantageous for the tiny UK territory .
All but six EU member states are in Schengen , enabling citizens to travel passport-free across borders in the EU .
A UK government spokesperson said Gibraltar 's arrangements would be part of UK-EU talks on future relations .
Maintaining ease of movement across borders will be part of those negotiations after Brexit , which @ @ @ @ @ @ @ spokesperson said , pointing to the UK-EU Political Declaration on future ties .
About 15,000 people enter Gibraltar daily from Spain for work , and Brexit has fuelled concern that there could be expensive delays as passports are examined at the border .
The border is only 1.8km ( one mile ) long .
Curbing freedom of movement is a core issue in the UK 's exit from the EU , with the UK government determined to lower immigration from the EU .
`` After we leave , the UK will be negotiating @ @ @ @ @ @ @ behalf of the whole UK family , including Gibraltar .
Working closely together , the UK and Gibraltar Governments have always supported arrangements at the border with Spain which promote fluidity and shared prosperity in the region , '' the UK spokesperson said .
`` The UK , including Gibraltar , is not part of the borderless Schengen zone . ''
A UK-Gibraltar Concordat , agreed in 2018 , noted the Rock 's `` specific situation '' and pledged that `` particular regard will be had ... to the mobility of persons and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ UK travellers to pay €7 to visit EU after Brexit Gibraltar , with a population of about 32,000 , voted by 96 % to remain in the EU , in the 2016 referendum .
Speaking to the AFP news agency on Friday , Mr Picardo said : `` We talked about this issue before Brexit ... about Gibraltar becoming part of the Schengen zone .
`` If you look at other microstates in Europe , they take the benefit of common travel areas with Schengen , even if they 're not entirely part @ @ @ @ @ @ @ he said .
Liechtenstein is one such tiny state , which is in Schengen but not in the EU .
`` There is the ability to move fluidly between the territories of the EU and these microstates , '' Mr Picardo said .
`` All of these things will be considered in the context of the negotiations going forward . ''
• Gibraltar is a limestone outcrop on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula , adjacent to Spain • Gibraltarians are British citizens but they run their own affairs under a chief @ @ @ @ @ @ @ all matters - including taxation - except foreign policy and defence , which are dealt with by the UK government • Despite its small size , Gibraltar is strategically important , standing only 12 miles from the north coast of Africa .
It has a UK military base , including a port and airstrip • Find out more in the BBC 's Gibraltar country profile

"After we leave, the UK will be negotiating the future relationship with the EU on behalf of the whole UK family, including Gibraltar. Working closely together, the UK and Gibraltar Governments have always supported arrangements at the border with Spain which promote fluidity and shared prosperity in the region," the UK spokesperson said.


bbc--2020-01-20--Outrage after Chinese theme park forces pig to bungee jump

A Chinese theme park has triggered a wave of outrage on social media after it forced a pig to bungee jump off a 68-metre high tower .
Video footage shows the pig tied to a pole , carried by two men to the top of a tower before being pushed off .
The theme park located in Chongqing said the stunt was held to mark the opening of the new bungee attraction .
Local media outlets said the pig was sent to a slaughterhouse afterwards .
The stunt caused anger online - reflecting the growing importance of animal rights among @ @ @ @ @ @ @ has since put out a statement , saying that it accepted the `` criticism '' it had received .
`` We sincerely accept netizens ' criticism and advice and apologise to the public , '' it said .
`` We will improve [ our ] marketing of the tourist site , to provide tourists with better services . ''
The incident took place on 18 January at the Meixin Red Wine Town theme park in the sprawling Chinese municipality of Chongqing in south-western China .
The publicity event - which organisers called the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to celebrate the opening of the theme park 's bungee attraction .
The pig , which according to local reports weighed 75kg ( 165 lbs ) , is seen being pushed off the tower with a purple cape tied around its shoulders .
In one video of the incident , what sound like pig squeals can be heard .
What happens to the pig afterwards is not shown , though many local media reports say it was eventually sent to a slaughterhouse .
Animal cruelty is not punishable by law in China .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ of animal welfare issues in recent years .
Though a handful of people defended the incident on social media , saying it was n't any different to `` killing a pig for food '' , the majority of users condemned the company 's actions .
`` This is a super vulgar marketing tactic , '' said one commenter .
`` Killing animals for consumption and treating them cruelly for entertainment are two different things , '' another said .
`` There is no need to torture them like this . ''
Animal protection @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it `` animal cruelty at its worst '' .
`` Pigs experience pain and fear in the same ways that we do , and this disgusting PR stunt should be illegal , '' Jason Baker , Peta senior vice-president of international campaigns , told BBC News .
`` The Chinese public 's angry response should be a wake-up call to China 's policy-makers to implement animal protection laws immediately . ''
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The pig, which according to local reports weighed 75kg (165 lbs), is seen being pushed off the tower with a purple cape tied around its shoulders. In one video of the incident, what sound like pig squeals can be heard.


bbc--2020-01-20--Australian Open: Coco Gauff beats Venus Williams again to advance

American 15-year-old Coco Gauff proved last year 's victory over Venus Williams was no fluke when she beat the seven-time Grand Slam champion once again to reach the Australian Open second round .
Gauff announced her arrival last July with victory over her `` idol '' Williams , 39 , in the Wimbledon first round .
And just like last time , she did it in straight sets , winning 7-6 ( 7-5 ) 6-3 .
Gauff 's celebrations were slightly delayed because she did not realise the final point had been given her way .
`` That was really @ @ @ @ @ @ @ I was really nervous for today 's match - I was a bit shocked when I saw the draw , but glad I was able to get through it , '' said Gauff , who was making her Australian Open debut .
`` I am feeling great .
I really like this court and really like this crowd . ''
• GB 's Evans fights back to win in five sets Gauff , who came through qualifying at Wimbledon and was then awarded a wildcard to the main draw at the US Open @ @ @ @ @ @ @ appearance in the main draw of a Grand Slam as a direct qualifier .
Her Wimbledon exploits meant the crowd on Margaret Court Arena were already familiar with her name and they shouted it often during the match against the former world number one .
`` I just want to say thank you guys so much , you were chanting my name and I only thought that would happen at the US Open , so it means a lot , '' she said .
Gauff had looked to be in control of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ game and establishing three set points at 5-3 and 5-4 before being forced into a tie-break , which she won when Williams hit an overhead into the net .
The youngest player in the draw then raced to a 3-0 lead and went on to serve out the match , taking victory on her second match point when Williams - the oldest player in the draw - rushed to retrieve a shot at the net but could only get to it with a double bounce .
Gauff did not realise the point had @ @ @ @ @ @ @ about it before realising it was time to shake hands at the net and celebrate another win over Williams , who had claimed four of her seven Grand Slam singles titles before her opponent was even born .
After losing in the fourth round of Wimbledon to eventual champion Simona Halep , Gauff was beaten in the third round by defending champion Naomi Osaka at the US Open , before winning her first WTA title - in Linz , Austria - in October .
She has also climbed the rankings to 67th in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the number 686 .
• Alerts : Get tennis news sent to your phone

Coco Gauff beat Venus Williams during a fairytale run to the last 16 at Wimbledon last year
2020 Australian Open Venue: Melbourne Park Dates: 20 January to 2 February Coverage: Listen on BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra and online; Live text on selected matches on the BBC Sport website and app.
American 15-year-old Coco Gauff proved last year's victory over Venus Williams was no fluke when she beat the seven-time Grand Slam champion once again to reach the Australian Open second round.
Gauff announced her arrival last July with victory over her "idol" Williams, 39, in the Wimbledon first round.
And just like last time, she did it in straight sets, winning 7-6 (7-5) 6-3.
Gauff's celebrations were slightly delayed because she did not realise the final point had been given her way.
"That was really difficult. She played really well and I was really nervous for today's match - I was a bit shocked when I saw the draw, but glad I was able to get through it," said Gauff, who was making her Australian Open debut.
"I am feeling great. I really like this court and really like this crowd."
Gauff will play Romanian world number 74 Sorana Cirstea next.
Gauff wins battle of oldest v youngest again
Gauff, who came through qualifying at Wimbledon and was then awarded a wildcard to the main draw at the US Open in September, was making her first appearance in the main draw of a Grand Slam as a direct qualifier.
Her Wimbledon exploits meant the crowd on Margaret Court Arena were already familiar with her name and they shouted it often during the match against the former world number one.
"I just want to say thank you guys so much, you were chanting my name and I only thought that would happen at the US Open, so it means a lot," she said.
Gauff had looked to be in control of the first set, breaking in the first game and establishing three set points at 5-3 and 5-4 before being forced into a tie-break, which she won when Williams hit an overhead into the net.
The youngest player in the draw then raced to a 3-0 lead and went on to serve out the match, taking victory on her second match point when Williams - the oldest player in the draw - rushed to retrieve a shot at the net but could only get to it with a double bounce.
Gauff did not realise the point had been given her way and was protesting about it before realising it was time to shake hands at the net and celebrate another win over Williams, who had claimed four of her seven Grand Slam singles titles before her opponent was even born.
After losing in the fourth round of Wimbledon to eventual champion Simona Halep, Gauff was beaten in the third round by defending champion Naomi Osaka at the US Open, before winning her first WTA title - in Linz, Austria - in October.
She has also climbed the rankings to 67th in the world, having started 2019 as the number 686.


bbc--2020-01-20--Madonna cancels Lisbon show: 'I must listen to my body'

Madonna has cancelled another show on her Madame X world tour , as she battles an ongoing , but unspecified , injury .
The star gave fans in Lisbon just 45 minutes ' notice that her show on Sunday night was being called off .
`` We regret to inform you that Madonna is unable to perform this evening , '' an email informed ticketholders at 19:45 .
She had been due on stage at 20:30 .
`` Sorry I had to cancel tonight , '' the star wrote on Instagram , `` but I must listen to my body @ @ @ @ @ @ @ eighth time Madonna has had to cancel a show on her current world tour , which sees her playing smaller , intimate theatre venues .
She has not revealed the nature her injury , but told one audience in San Francisco she was suffering from a `` torn ligament '' and `` a bad knee '' in November .
In a video posted to social media last week , she was shown wearing knee supports while rehearsing for an earlier show in Lisbon .
`` How an injured Madame X warms up for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the caption .
`` Very carefully . ''
The star has also shared videos of her taking post-show ice baths to help her cope with `` multiple injuries '' that are causing `` overwhelming pain '' .
Madonna began the current stage of her Madame X tour in Portugal 's Coliseu Dis Recreios theatre on 12 January , and had seemed to be in good spirits , interacting with the crowd and drinking port on stage .
`` She did a great show here last night so you and the other fans are @ @ @ @ @ @ @ member told BBC reporter John Hand , who had been due to attend the cancelled gig .
The tour is due to come to the UK on 27 January , with 15 shows planned at the London Palladium .
Anger and recrimination might well have been expected among the Madonna fans who crowded outside the historic Coliseu Dos Recreios in the heart of Lisbon to hear the news they dreaded .
Many had flown in from around the world to see their `` queen '' grace the intimate venue , just a few @ @ @ @ @ @ @ But as they took photos of the cancellation notices posted on the door , less than an hour before the official start time , there was plenty of understanding and concern for the injured star .
After all , fans are fully aware that this is an all-out performer , battling against injury , who offers no compromise on stage .
Madonna started out as a dancer and , even at 61 , this is a show where her on-stage movement is as much a part of the act as her singing .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ frustration by posting a single-finger message to Madonna was quickly joined online by others speculating that she may need to postpone the rest of her tour , including 15 dates at the London Palladium next month .
But as a Coliseu staff member , standing at the door that remained resolutely shut , told me : `` She did a great show here last night so you and the other fans here tonight are really unlucky '' .
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If you have a @ @ @ @ @ @ @

After all, fans are fully aware that this is an all-out performer, battling against injury, who offers no compromise on stage. Madonna started out as a dancer and, even at 61, this is a show where her on-stage movement is as much a part of the act as her singing.


bbc--2020-01-20--David Olney: American folk singer dies on stage aged 71

The American singer-songwriter David Olney has died on stage during a performance at a festival in Florida .
The 71-year-old was mid-song when he apologised , closed his eyes and fell silent , two musicians who were performing alongside him said .
He suffered an apparent heart attack during the show in Santa Rosa Beach on Saturday night , a statement said .
Olney was a key member of Nashville 's music scene and his songs were recorded by a number of country and folk stars .
In the early 1980s , he formed a rock band called The X-Rays @ @ @ @ @ @ @ releasing more than 20 albums .
`` Olney was in the middle of his third song when he stopped , apologised and shut his eyes , '' Amy Rigby , a musician who was sitting next to him , wrote in a Facebook post .
`` He was very still , sitting upright with his guitar on , wearing the coolest hat and a beautiful rust suede jacket , '' she added .
Scott Miller , who was also on stage with Olney , said he had attempted to revive the singer .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ I 'm sorry ' and put his chin to his chest , '' he wrote .
`` It was as easy and gentle as he was . ''
`` We got him down and tried our best to revive him until the EMTs [ emergency medical technicians ] arrived .
The world lost a good one last night but we still have his work .
And it still inspires . ''
In a statement posted on Olney 's website , Emmylou Harris , a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to tell `` marvellous stories with characters who cling to the hope of enduring love '' .

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bbc--2020-01-20--Is China addicted to coal?

Is China addicted to coal?

China is a country caught in the middle of a global struggle : to develop but also be green .
@ @ @ @ @ much coal as the rest of the world put together but it 's also a @ @ @ @ @ solar production .
According to the International Energy Agency , between 2019 and 2024 China @ @ @ @ @ of the global expansion in renewable energy .
However , as its economy slows down @ @ @ @ @ coal mines and the country ’ s Premier Li Keqiang has urged energy officials to @ @ @ @ @ is China addicted to coal ?

China is a country caught in the middle of a global struggle: to develop but also be green.
It currently uses about as much coal as the rest of the world put together but it's also a world leader in wind and solar production. According to the International Energy Agency, between 2019 and 2024 China will account for 40% of the global expansion in renewable energy.
However, as its economy slows down it is now re-opening some coal mines and the country’s Premier Li Keqiang has urged energy officials to promote coal-fired power. So is China addicted to coal?


bbc--2020-01-20--Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston celebrate together at SAG Awards

Brad Pitt and his former wife Jennifer Aniston both had reasons to celebrate at the Screen Actors Guild Awards , where they briefly reunited backstage .
Pitt was named best supporting actor for his role in Quentin Tarantino 's Once Upon a Time ... in Hollywood .
His win meant he was among the first to congratulate Aniston when she was named best actress in a drama series for The Morning Show shortly afterwards .
Britain 's Phoebe Waller-Bridge was also honoured at the event in Los Angeles .
The Fleabag creator was named best actress in a comedy series @ @ @ @ @ @ @ sitcom .
Joaquin Phoenix and Renee Zellweger were named best actor and actress for Joker and Judy respectively , confirming their status as Oscar favourites .
Yet there was surprise when the South Korean film Parasite received the best ensemble cast award , the SAG 's equivalent to a best film prize .
The dark comedy beat Bombshell , Martin Scorsese 's The Irishman , Jojo Rabbit and Tarantino 's film to the ceremony 's top honour .
The award suggests Parasite - widely expected to be named best international feature film at @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a shot at the best picture award as well .
The winners of best ensemble have gone on to receive the best picture Oscar 11 times in the last 24 years .
Pitt , who separated from his second wife Angelina Jolie in 2016 , made reference to his colourful love life as he accepted his prize .
The 56-year-old joked that it had been `` a big stretch '' to play stuntman Cliff Booth , `` a guy who takes his shirt off , gets high and does n't get on with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Aniston accept her award on a TV monitor and briefly held hands with her when they crossed paths backstage .
The couple were married from 2000 to 2005 , after which Pitt married Jolie and Aniston married actor Justin Theroux .
Laura Dern cemented her own status as a red-hot Oscar favourite by winning best supporting actress for her role in Marriage Story .
The event also saw Sam Rockwell and Michelle Williams recognised for playing the title roles in Fosse/Verdon , the TV miniseries about choreographer Bob Fosse and his actress wife @ @ @ @ @ @ @ best actor in a drama series for the final series of Game of Thrones , while Tony Shalhoub won best actor in a comedy series for The Marvelous Mrs Maisel .
That show also won the best TV comedy ensemble award , with The Crown receiving the equivalent prize for television drama .
Game of Thrones and comic book movie Avengers : Endgame were also honoured for the work of their respective stunt teams .
Robert De Niro , recipient of a life achievement award at Sunday 's event , used his acceptance @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a blatant misuse of power '' .
`` I can imagine some of you are saying , 'All right , let 's not get into the politics , '' ' he said after receiving his honour from former co-star Leonardo DiCaprio .
`` But we 're in such a dire situation and it 's so deeply concerning to me and so many others , I have to say something . ''
The SAG Awards are presented annually by SAG-AFTRA , which formed in 2012 when the Screen Actors Guild merged with the American @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The organisation represents around 160,000 people , among them actors , dancers , stunt performers and voiceover artists .
Follow us on Facebook , or on Twitter @ BBCNewsEnts .
If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news @ bbc.co.uk .

The award suggests Parasite - widely expected to be named best international feature film at the Oscars next month - could have a shot at the best picture award as well. The winners of best ensemble have gone on to receive the best picture Oscar 11 times in the last 24 years.


bbc--2020-01-20--The traditional dance where men perform as women

Rianto , is a master of the Lengger Lanang , a traditional Indonesian dance performed by men dressed as women @ @ @ @ @ world ’ s largest Muslim country , has seen rising intolerance in recent years towards @ @ @ @ @ there are fears it could affect this traditional art form .

Rianto, is a master of the Lengger Lanang, a traditional Indonesian dance performed by men dressed as women.
But Indonesia, the world’s largest Muslim country, has seen rising intolerance in recent years towards the LBGT community. And there are fears it could affect this traditional art form.


bbc--2020-01-20--Preparing for an active volcano to stir

Preparing for an active volcano to stir

People living at the foot of a volcano in Ecuador are being prepared in case it starts billowing out ash @ @ @ @ @ unlike dramatic scenes thousands of miles away in the Philippines , at the moment there @ @ @ @ @ huge eruption at Cotopaxi .
These people are taking part in a project that prepares @ @ @ @ @ for a disaster that may never happen .
The Red Cross says it could save @ @ @ @ @ the full story in the People Fixing the World podcast

People living at the foot of a volcano in Ecuador are being prepared in case it starts billowing out ash and spewing lava.
But unlike dramatic scenes thousands of miles away in the Philippines, at the moment there's no sign of a huge eruption at Cotopaxi.
These people are taking part in a project that prepares them well in advance, for a disaster that may never happen. The Red Cross says it could save lives and money.
Hear the full story in the People Fixing the World podcast
Video filmed and edited by Daniel Gordon


bbc--2020-01-19--Davos 2020: An overview of the WEF summit in numbers

BBC News takes a look at some of the numbers around the 50th World Economic Forum in Davos , Switzerland @ @ @ @ @ Shaw .
He will be attending the summit , follow him on Twitter : dougalshawbbc @

BBC News takes a look at some of the numbers around the 50th World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.
Video journalist: Dougal Shaw. He will be attending the summit, follow him on Twitter: dougalshawbbc.


bbc--2020-01-20--Australia fires: Your questions about arson, travel and recovery

Australia is battling a bushfire crisis that has left more than two dozen people dead and burned 10 million hectares ( 40,000 sq miles ) of land .
The fires are expected to last for many weeks yet - and the recovery process will go on for many years .
So is it safe to travel to Australia ?
Were these fires caused by criminal arson ?
And what can we all do to help ?
We answer some of your questions here .
Were some of the fires started deliberately ?
- Samantha This has been a huge talking @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , some of the fires were due to arson , as they are every year .
But the widely circulated figure of nearly 200 people arrested for deliberately starting fires is inaccurate .
Police in New South Wales said in January 183 people had been charged since November 2019 over `` bushfire-related offences '' .
Of those , 24 were accused of deliberately lighting fires .
The rest were over failures to comply with total fire bans - perhaps by lighting a campfire - or things such as discarding cigarettes or matches .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ no evidence the huge East Gippsland or North East fires were caused by arson or suspicious activity .
Queensland Police say of the 1,068 bushfires in the state since September , 114 ( about 10 % ) have been `` deliberately or maliciously lit through human involvement '' .
• What is Australia doing to tackle climate change ?
Paul Read , a lecturer and natural disasters expert at Monash University , wrote in research published last November that in general , just under 90 % of Australian bushfires were caused by human @ @ @ @ @ @ @ carelessness or recklessness .
About 13 % of the 62,000 fires a year in Australia are caused by lightning strikes , says Mr Read , which is what sparked the massive Gospers Mountain blaze .
And of course how a fire starts has little to no effect on how big it will become .
Is there anything on a practical level people in other countries can do to help ?
- Sue Rally Australian officials say anyone who wants to help should send money via official fundraising websites .
The Australian Red Cross @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the charities running special appeals .
The largely volunteer fire services also take donations .
What people in affected areas say they do n't need is donations of food , clothing or other physical contributions .
Emergency officials say they have no way of storing or distributing these items and what people on the ground really need is cash .
Officials are also warning to be cautious - many fake charity pages have sprung up , some claiming to be in the name of people killed in fires .
Officials in Victoria have @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to solicit donations .
What happens about holidays booked to Australia during this emergency ?
- Anne Grant Australia is very big and the government body Tourism Australia says : `` Many areas are unaffected and most tourism businesses are still open . ''
But it has suspended its UK ad campaign , featuring Kylie Minogue , while the fires are dominating the news .
It says people visiting Australia should check the most recent advice before departing and `` remain informed about changing conditions whilst on the ground '' , through government @ @ @ @ @ @ @ local tourism staff .
There 's no advice at present to avoid travelling to Australia .
The current guidance from the UK 's Foreign Office is to monitor local media if you 're in or near affected areas .
It warns `` poor air quality can occur some distance from the sites of the fires and provoke respiratory conditions '' and advises remaining across local official advice .
The US is giving similar advice .
If you no longer want to travel Australia , the first step is to contact the company or @ @ @ @ @ @ @ advice .
At the moment , UK tour companies are not obliged to offer a refund if you want to cancel .
If you have travel insurance , contact your insurer to ask what your options are .
Many policies do not cover natural disasters .
Of course , many tourism sites will be very keen for visitors to start coming back and spending as soon as possible .
Why was the army not brought in to help deal with the fires earlier ?
- Liz Menzies The Australian Defence Force ( ADF @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in late December , when ships and aircraft were sent to Victoria to help firefighters tackling blazes in East Gippsland and to evacuate people trapped in the coastal town of Mallacoota .
But the ADF has been involved in the firefighting effort in some capacity since early September .
Australia 's states and territories are responsible for their own disaster responses but , according to Australia 's disaster response plan , they can ask for federal help if they `` can not reasonably cope with the needs of the situation '' .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ equipped to be a firefighting force .
How long will it take for land affected by the fires to recover ?
- Kevin Grant There 's a long way to go before this is over .
Australia 's fire season usually continues until well into March .
Some plants and forests have evolved to cope with or even - in the case of eucalyptus trees - thrive on fires .
But the scale and intensity of these fires has been unprecedented , so there is fear even seeds deep in the soil may @ @ @ @ @ @ @ fires subside , the full extent of damage will remain unknown , '' says Dr Stuart Blanch , of WWF-Australia .
But many burned areas `` will take decades to recover and some species may have tipped over the brink of extinction '' .
Dr Blanch says some forests will never recover , while it will most likely be decades before some trees will be big enough to have the holes needed for animals to live in .
`` Hence the damage from these fires could last at least two centuries , '' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ survive after the devastating fires ?
- Janine That 's a real concern now .
Dairy Farmers Australia says about 70 farms have been hit .
Thousands of cattle have been killed .
BBC News spoke to one farmer who said he might now just have to sell up .
The Foundation for Rural Regeneration and Renewal , a not-for-profit agency that gives grants to help recover from fires , says for many communities `` help will be needed for many years to come '' .
How quickly farmland recovers depends on the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Most crops would of course be lost - though some growing underground may survive - so will need replanting .
But flames can burn the nitrogen out of soil , meaning farmers will have to add nutrients , possibly for years .
Fruit and olive trees may actually survive a fire , even if they 're severely damaged , but will take a few years before they fully recover .
And of course the costs for farmers could be astronomical .
The Insurance Council of Australia says overall A $ 700m ( £370m @ @ @ @ @ @ @ far .
• The grief of losing a vineyard to bushfire What are other countries doing to help Australia ?
- Roy Burton / Is the UK doing anything ?
- Jock Scott Several countries have sent firefighting experts or equipment to help out .
Among them : • The National Interagency Fire Centre , in the US , has sent 81 firefighters to Australia - 37 in New South Wales and 44 in Victoria .
They 're replacing dozens of personnel who 've been out there since December • The Canadian Interagency @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Australia • New Zealand sent over its largest ever deployment - more than 150 firefighters as well as helicopters and military personnel • Singapore has sent two Chinooks and 42 military personnel to help with the relief efforts • Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea are among other countries offering financial or military support • The UK has said it is ready to provide assistance .

Australia fires: Your questions about arson, travel and recovery Published 20 January 2020
Image source, AFP Image caption, Some farmers face a long and expensive road ahead
Australia is battling a bushfire crisis that has left more than two dozen people dead and burned 10 million hectares (40,000 sq miles) of land.
The fires are expected to last for many weeks yet - and the recovery process will go on for many years.
So is it safe to travel to Australia? Were these fires caused by criminal arson? And what can we all do to help?
We answer some of your questions here.
Were some of the fires started deliberately? - Samantha
This has been a huge talking point in recent weeks. And yes, some of the fires were due to arson, as they are every year.
But the widely circulated figure of nearly 200 people arrested for deliberately starting fires is inaccurate.
This video can not be played To play this video you need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Media caption, Social-media claims arson was a significant factor in the fires have proved inaccurate
Police in New South Wales said in January 183 people had been charged since November 2019 over "bushfire-related offences". Of those, 24 were accused of deliberately lighting fires. The rest were over failures to comply with total fire bans - perhaps by lighting a campfire - or things such as discarding cigarettes or matches.
In Victoria, police say there is no evidence the huge East Gippsland or North East fires were caused by arson or suspicious activity. Queensland Police say of the 1,068 bushfires in the state since September, 114 (about 10%) have been "deliberately or maliciously lit through human involvement".
Paul Read, a lecturer and natural disasters expert at Monash University, wrote in research published last November that in general, just under 90% of Australian bushfires were caused by human activity, which includes deliberate arson, carelessness or recklessness.
About 13% of the 62,000 fires a year in Australia are caused by lightning strikes, says Mr Read, which is what sparked the massive Gospers Mountain blaze. And of course how a fire starts has little to no effect on how big it will become.
Is there anything on a practical level people in other countries can do to help? - Sue Rally
Australian officials say anyone who wants to help should send money via official fundraising websites. The Australian Red Cross, RSCPA and Salvation Army are among the charities running special appeals. The largely volunteer fire services also take donations.
Image source, Reuters
What people in affected areas say they don't need is donations of food, clothing or other physical contributions. Emergency officials say they have no way of storing or distributing these items and what people on the ground really need is cash.
Officials are also warning to be cautious - many fake charity pages have sprung up, some claiming to be in the name of people killed in fires. Officials in Victoria have said some scammers are even cold-calling homes to solicit donations.
What happens about holidays booked to Australia during this emergency? - Anne Grant
Australia is very big and the government body Tourism Australia says: "Many areas are unaffected and most tourism businesses are still open." But it has suspended its UK ad campaign, featuring Kylie Minogue, while the fires are dominating the news.
It says people visiting Australia should check the most recent advice before departing and "remain informed about changing conditions whilst on the ground", through government agencies, the Bureau of Meteorology and local tourism staff.
There's no advice at present to avoid travelling to Australia. The current guidance from the UK's Foreign Office is to monitor local media if you're in or near affected areas. It warns "poor air quality can occur some distance from the sites of the fires and provoke respiratory conditions" and advises remaining across local official advice. The US is giving similar advice.
If you no longer want to travel Australia, the first step is to contact the company or agent you booked through to seek their advice. At the moment, UK tour companies are not obliged to offer a refund if you want to cancel.
If you have travel insurance, contact your insurer to ask what your options are. Many policies do not cover natural disasters. Of course, many tourism sites will be very keen for visitors to start coming back and spending as soon as possible.
Why was the army not brought in to help deal with the fires earlier? - Liz Menzies
The Australian Defence Force (ADF) became visibly involved in the operation in late December, when ships and aircraft were sent to Victoria to help firefighters tackling blazes in East Gippsland and to evacuate people trapped in the coastal town of Mallacoota.
Image source, Reuters Image caption, HMAS Choules was one of the navy vessels sent to get people out of fire-hit Mallacoota
Australia's states and territories are responsible for their own disaster responses but, according to Australia's disaster response plan, they can ask for federal help if they "cannot reasonably cope with the needs of the situation".
The ADF stresses it is not trained or equipped to be a firefighting force.
How long will it take for land affected by the fires to recover? - Kevin Grant
There's a long way to go before this is over. Australia's fire season usually continues until well into March.
Some plants and forests have evolved to cope with or even - in the case of eucalyptus trees - thrive on fires. But the scale and intensity of these fires has been unprecedented, so there is fear even seeds deep in the soil may have been damaged.
"Until the fires subside, the full extent of damage will remain unknown," says Dr Stuart Blanch, of WWF-Australia.
But many burned areas "will take decades to recover and some species may have tipped over the brink of extinction".
Dr Blanch says some forests will never recover, while it will most likely be decades before some trees will be big enough to have the holes needed for animals to live in.
"Hence the damage from these fires could last at least two centuries," he says.
How will cattle farmers survive after the devastating fires? - Janine
That's a real concern now. Dairy Farmers Australia says about 70 farms have been hit. Thousands of cattle have been killed. BBC News spoke to one farmer who said he might now just have to sell up.
The Foundation for Rural Regeneration and Renewal, a not-for-profit agency that gives grants to help recover from fires, says for many communities "help will be needed for many years to come".
How quickly farmland recovers depends on the size and heat of the fire. Most crops would of course be lost - though some growing underground may survive - so will need replanting. But flames can burn the nitrogen out of soil, meaning farmers will have to add nutrients, possibly for years.
Fruit and olive trees may actually survive a fire, even if they're severely damaged, but will take a few years before they fully recover. And of course the costs for farmers could be astronomical.
The Insurance Council of Australia says overall A$700m (£370m) in losses have been filed so far.
What are other countries doing to help Australia? - Roy Burton / Is the UK doing anything? - Jock Scott
This video can not be played To play this video you need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Media caption, US firefighters arrive in Australia
Several countries have sent firefighting experts or equipment to help out. Among them:


bbc--2020-01-20--Medical test ordeal for young African migrants in Spain

Maria was 15 , according to her paperwork , when she fled Cameroon by plane to Madrid .
She had suffered domestic sexual abuse and was about to be forcibly married to an older man .
But Spanish authorities did not believe she was a minor , on the basis of a medical examination of her bodily development .
Maria - not her real name - is one of dozens of cases taken up by NGOs .
They accuse Spain of violating young migrants ' rights by subjecting them to invasive medical checks while ignoring their identity documents .
In @ @ @ @ @ @ @ BBC , the development of Maria 's breasts was described as adult .
The report for Madrid 's immigration prosecution service said she had hair under her arms and pubic hair .
`` This is a girl who has been the victim of sexual abuse , and has been stripped naked in front of a doctor in the prosecutor 's headquarters to determine , by the size of her breasts , whether or not she was older than she said , '' says Lourdes Reyzábal , president of the Raíces foundation , which @ @ @ @ @ @ @ medical tests usually involve a physical examination , followed by either or both a bone age study on a person 's wrist and a dental age estimation .
The Public Prosecutor 's Office has special responsibility in these cases and the country 's ombudsman has criticised its use of the tests .
Of 5,600 examinations in 2017 , a year with a high number of migrant arrivals in Spain , 2,205 concluded the individual was an adult , not under 18 as claimed .
Even though the tests have a wide margin of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ evidence and can not be appealed .
In Maria 's case , her dental appraisal was deemed inconclusive , her wrist-bone age was set at 17 , and the only expert who said she was an adult was the doctor who conducted the physical examination at the prosecution service 's headquarters .
The Public Prosecutor 's Office told the BBC it did not wish to comment on any individual cases .
It did note , however , that the prosecution service 's immigration department stated in a recent report that `` the legal @ @ @ @ @ @ @ profound process of review '' , including a system of appeal .
Maria remains in Spain but has been unable to access education and pursue her dream of becoming an economist .
Raíces , along with the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in one case , has helped nine migrants adjudged adults via medical tests to present their case to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child .
Five cases have so far ended in a rebuke for Spanish authorities for failing to protect the rights of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ seek asylum .
From Guinea to homelessness in Spain According to a ruling by the UN committee in October , Spain failed to protect a boy identified as RK , who allegedly fled Guinea aged 14 after his Christian parents had been killed .
During his journey across Mali , Algeria and Morocco , RK spoke of being mistreated on several occasions , including being kidnapped and bound by Touareg outlaws .
After arriving in Spain without papers , he was deemed an adult and detained in a migrant shelter facility .
He @ @ @ @ @ @ @ from Guinea and later managing to get a passport .
Even though he was released from detention , Spain did not make him a ward of the state and he ended up homeless .
`` The kid is left unable to exercise the rights of a child or the rights of an adult , '' says Ms Reyzábal .
`` They can not get an education , nor can they legally work or ask for asylum - unless they lie about their age and ask for asylum as supposed adults . ''
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Spain , as well as the diplomatic missions of several other African countries , but none wished to comment .
Far right calls for expulsions Unaccompanied foreign minors , often referred to as Menas in Spain , have also been thrust into the centre of political controversy by the emergence of the far-right party Vox .
In the build-up to the November general election , Vox leader Santiago Abascal said they `` should be expelled '' .
In a TV debate he said residents of the Madrid district of Hortaleza , home to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ minors , were terrified of Menas .
`` Women tell me that police say they should n't wear jewellery , and mothers are worried because their daughters come home late and they fear they will be attacked , '' said Mr Abascal , whose party became the third most powerful in Spain in November elections .
In December a police bomb disposal squad was called to the centre in Hortaleza to deal with an unexploded grenade that had been thrown into the grounds .
The leader of the left-wing Podemos in Andalucia reported @ @ @ @ @ @ @ speech outside a Seville centre for unaccompanied foreign minors demanding their number be controlled due to their threat to public safety .
Spain currently has 12,786 foreign minors under the guardianship of the state .

"This is a girl who has been the victim of sexual abuse, and has been stripped naked in front of a doctor in the prosecutor's headquarters to determine, by the size of her breasts, whether or not she was older than she said," says Lourdes Reyzábal, president of the Raíces foundation, which works with unaccompanied foreign minors.


bbc--2020-01-20--UK-Africa summit: Wooing Africa after Brexit

After Brexit , the UK wants to boost business trade with Africa , but as a major UK-Africa business summit starts in London , Matthew Davies asks if there really will be new opportunities for the continent .
Trade is tricky .
Trade agreements are trickier .
Trade negotiations to get those agreements are exponentially more complicated .
And the road that the Brexit can has been kicked down for so long is rapidly running out .
Once the UK leaves the European Union at the end of January , it has 11 months to come up with a trade @ @ @ @ @ @ @ reverting to WTO rules .
Prime Minister Boris Johnson and his Leave supporters have always expounded the virtues of being outside the EU , including the ability to negotiate its own trade deals on its own terms for the benefits of its own citizens .
Being part of a big gang has its advantages and disadvantages .
Yes , you have to make compromises and adapt your goals to match commonly-agreed policies .
But you also get the power of the bloc behind you in trade negotiations .
Where does this leave Africa @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Alok Sharma , is , as one would expect , very optimistic saying that Britain 's relations with Africa will be `` turbo-charged '' , with trade , business and investment deals being struck left , right and centre .
The UK government seems to be taking it seriously .
The UK-Africa Investment Summit can be seen as evidence of that but any potential change in actual trade conditions is some way off .
Possibly years .
What changes when Britain exits the EU ?
Mostly , nothing changes at the end @ @ @ @ @ @ @ political posturing and speech making , but the UK will still be a member of the EU Customs Union and Single Market until the end of the year .
There is a provision for it to extend that by a further two years , but that would seem to be ruled out by Prime Minister Johnson .
That means trade relations between the UK and Africa stay the same for 2020 , conducted under the EU 's various existing deals with the continent .
What about after 2020 ?
Beyond the 2020 horizon @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and a fully-Brexited UK are also set to remain the same under a number of `` continuity agreements '' .
These basically say that the trade conditions ( tariffs , quotas , standards and so on ) remain the same as they are currently between a number of African countries and trading blocs and the EU .
For example , in September last year , the UK initiated an Economic Partnership Agreement with the Southern African Customs Union ( Sacu ) - which is made up of South Africa , Botswana , Namibia @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
It is designed to keep things as they are under the current trade relationship that the southern African nations have with the EU .
It mirrors the agreement that the EU already has with Sacu .
According to Britain 's International Trade Secretary , Liz Truss , the agreement `` will allow businesses to keep trading after Brexit without any additional barriers '' .
And that seems to be the UK 's approach - keep the same conditions in place that already exist between the UK and African countries under EU deals @ @ @ @ @ @ @ place about 40 such `` continuity '' deals , covering some 70 countries .
The UK has been allowed to strike these deals with countries that already have similar agreements with the EU .
Why not change the trading arrangement ?
Part of the reason of doing it this way is that it allows the UK to negotiate new arrangements with those who do not have an existing trade deal with the EU .
The big one here is the United States .
Sounds simple , but it 's not .
At least @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the uncertainty that is still very much part of post-Brexit picture .
The `` continuity agreements '' will eventually run out .
That 's when the real opportunities and challenges for African states will emerge .
Can African countries get a better deal from the UK ?
Outside the big EU gang , the UK , technically , has less negotiating clout .
That could mean that the African countries that trade with the UK may be able to squeeze out slightly more preferential terms in negotiations .
Perhaps .
As mentioned @ @ @ @ @ @ @ require time and resources .
With the starting gun fired at the end of January , the UK 's trade negotiating efforts will have to be prioritised .
Will the UK focus on Africa ?
The lion 's share of the UK 's effort will be aimed at getting the best deal possible with the EU , its closest and , by far , its biggest trading partner .
Beyond that , deals with the likes of the US , China , South Korea and Australia will be prioritised , which means that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the list .
But it is also a question of volume and value .
For example , South Africa is the sub-Saharan African country that does the most trade with the European Union .
Minerals , cars and agricultural products are exported into EU and of that total 18 % end up in the UK .
But some agricultural products are subject to quotas .
Could the UK drop those quotas ?
In theory , the UK could allow greater access to the British market than it does under the current arrangement , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ African wine makers could take advantage of .
But equally , their French counterparts could lean on their government to lean on Brussels negotiators to get their exported wine into the UK under more preferential terms than those from South Africa .
You may also be interested in : • What are the tariffs on trade with Africa ?
• What trade deals has the UK done so far ?
In truth , it is impossible to tell what could happen , but this does point to the complexities of over-arching trade negotiations @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the efforts being made to counter it .
Razia Khan from Standard Chartered Bank says : `` In the short-term , greater uncertainty will weigh on prospects , although this has been mitigated to some extent by the UK 's offer of an extension of trade agreements for two years , in order to deal with this uncertainty . ''
Could Brexit effect other aspects of the African economy ?
Of course , the Brexit effect goes beyond trade .
This may be seen if the UK falls into a recession after Brexit @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Africa hard .
The UN calculates that the UK is South Africa 's eighth-largest import and export market in global terms .
If the UK 's economy gets a recessionary cold , South Africa 's could get flu .
And given South Africa 's powerhouse status as regards other African economies , that would not bode well .
Brexit could also require new infrastructure in the UK to deal with certain imports .
Flowers are one of Kenya 's biggest exports and foreign currency earners .
The industry is also a major employer @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and around two million indirectly .
At the moment , Kenya 's flowers enter the EU through the massive market in Amsterdam .
From there 18 % of them end up in the UK .
But what happens after Brexit ?
Zero-tariff arrangements can still be place under a continuity agreement , but there could be physical problems .
The Kenya Flower Council has pointed out that the infrastructure for flying flowers directly to the UK is not as developed as the Nairobi-Amsterdam route .
In other words , there could be an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ looking at ?
As far as African companies are concerned , the post-Brexit world will depend very much on the nature of their business with both the EU and the UK .
`` Companies that depend heavily on EU-related preferences in the UK market need to keep a watchful eye on developments in Europe ; and on negotiations between the UK and their own country on future arrangements , '' says Matthew Stern at DNA Economics in Pretoria .
`` If all goes to plan , these preferences will be maintained , but @ @ @ @ @ @ @ costly for certain firms . ''
As African politicians and business leaders gather in London for the UK-Africa Investment Summit , uncertainty remains .
It may be mitigated to some degree by the continuity agreements , but somewhere down the line , new negotiations are likely to happen .
Uncertainty is the enemy of investment .
And behind the handshakes and smiles at the summit , it will be at least one of the elephants in the room .

UK-Africa summit: Wooing Africa after Brexit Published 20 January 2020
Image source, Getty Images Image caption, South African wine producers will hope their government can negotiate better access to the UK market
After Brexit, the UK wants to boost business trade with Africa, but as a major UK-Africa business summit starts in London, Matthew Davies asks if there really will be new opportunities for the continent.
Trade is tricky. Trade agreements are trickier. Trade negotiations to get those agreements are exponentially more complicated.
And the road that the Brexit can has been kicked down for so long is rapidly running out.
Once the UK leaves the European Union at the end of January, it has 11 months to come up with a trade deal with the European Union to avoid reverting to WTO rules.
Image source, Getty Images Image caption, As Foreign Secretary, Boris Johnson visited Ghana in 2017
Prime Minister Boris Johnson and his Leave supporters have always expounded the virtues of being outside the EU, including the ability to negotiate its own trade deals on its own terms for the benefits of its own citizens.
Being part of a big gang has its advantages and disadvantages.
Yes, you have to make compromises and adapt your goals to match commonly-agreed policies. But you also get the power of the bloc behind you in trade negotiations.
Where does this leave Africa?
The UK's International Development Secretary, Alok Sharma, is, as one would expect, very optimistic saying that Britain's relations with Africa will be "turbo-charged", with trade, business and investment deals being struck left, right and centre.
The UK government seems to be taking it seriously.
The UK-Africa Investment Summit can be seen as evidence of that but any potential change in actual trade conditions is some way off. Possibly years.
What changes when Britain exits the EU?
Mostly, nothing changes at the end of January.
There will be much political posturing and speech making, but the UK will still be a member of the EU Customs Union and Single Market until the end of the year.
There is a provision for it to extend that by a further two years, but that would seem to be ruled out by Prime Minister Johnson.
That means trade relations between the UK and Africa stay the same for 2020, conducted under the EU's various existing deals with the continent.
What about after 2020?
Beyond the 2020 horizon, trade arrangements between many African countries and a fully-Brexited UK are also set to remain the same under a number of "continuity agreements".
These basically say that the trade conditions (tariffs, quotas, standards and so on) remain the same as they are currently between a number of African countries and trading blocs and the EU.
For example, in September last year, the UK initiated an Economic Partnership Agreement with the Southern African Customs Union (Sacu) - which is made up of South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and eSwatini - and Mozambique.
It is designed to keep things as they are under the current trade relationship that the southern African nations have with the EU.
It mirrors the agreement that the EU already has with Sacu.
According to Britain's International Trade Secretary, Liz Truss, the agreement "will allow businesses to keep trading after Brexit without any additional barriers".
And that seems to be the UK's approach - keep the same conditions in place that already exist between the UK and African countries under EU deals. Worldwide, the UK has in place about 40 such "continuity" deals, covering some 70 countries.
The UK has been allowed to strike these deals with countries that already have similar agreements with the EU.
Why not change the trading arrangement?
Part of the reason of doing it this way is that it allows the UK to negotiate new arrangements with those who do not have an existing trade deal with the EU. The big one here is the United States.
Sounds simple, but it's not.
At least, not in the longer term because of the uncertainty that is still very much part of post-Brexit picture.
The "continuity agreements" will eventually run out. That's when the real opportunities and challenges for African states will emerge.
Can African countries get a better deal from the UK?
Outside the big EU gang, the UK, technically, has less negotiating clout.
That could mean that the African countries that trade with the UK may be able to squeeze out slightly more preferential terms in negotiations. Perhaps.
Image source, Getty Images Image caption, Kenyan flower exporters will be watching to see what impact Brexit will have
As mentioned earlier, trade negotiations are complex and require time and resources.
With the starting gun fired at the end of January, the UK's trade negotiating efforts will have to be prioritised.
Will the UK focus on Africa?
The lion's share of the UK's effort will be aimed at getting the best deal possible with the EU, its closest and, by far, its biggest trading partner.
Beyond that, deals with the likes of the US, China, South Korea and Australia will be prioritised, which means that African countries will be quite far down the list.
But it is also a question of volume and value. For example, South Africa is the sub-Saharan African country that does the most trade with the European Union.
Minerals, cars and agricultural products are exported into EU and of that total 18% end up in the UK.
But some agricultural products are subject to quotas.
Could the UK drop those quotas?
In theory, the UK could allow greater access to the British market than it does under the current arrangement, something which, for example, South African wine makers could take advantage of.
But equally, their French counterparts could lean on their government to lean on Brussels negotiators to get their exported wine into the UK under more preferential terms than those from South Africa.
You may also be interested in:
In truth, it is impossible to tell what could happen, but this does point to the complexities of over-arching trade negotiations.
Uncertainty remains a factor, despite the efforts being made to counter it.
Razia Khan from Standard Chartered Bank says: "In the short-term, greater uncertainty will weigh on prospects, although this has been mitigated to some extent by the UK's offer of an extension of trade agreements for two years, in order to deal with this uncertainty."
Could Brexit effect other aspects of the African economy?
Of course, the Brexit effect goes beyond trade.
This may be seen if the UK falls into a recession after Brexit. That would hit places like South Africa hard.
The UN calculates that the UK is South Africa's eighth-largest import and export market in global terms.
This video can not be played To play this video you need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Media caption, Confused by Brexit jargon? Reality Check unpacks the basics.
If the UK's economy gets a recessionary cold, South Africa's could get flu.
And given South Africa's powerhouse status as regards other African economies, that would not bode well.
What about Kenya's flower growers?
Brexit could also require new infrastructure in the UK to deal with certain imports.
Flowers are one of Kenya's biggest exports and foreign currency earners. The industry is also a major employer, providing 100,000 people with direct work and around two million indirectly.
Image source, Getty Images Image caption, The Netherlands is a major transit point for Kenyan flowers entering Europe
At the moment, Kenya's flowers enter the EU through the massive market in Amsterdam.
From there 18% of them end up in the UK. But what happens after Brexit?
Zero-tariff arrangements can still be place under a continuity agreement, but there could be physical problems.
The Kenya Flower Council has pointed out that the infrastructure for flying flowers directly to the UK is not as developed as the Nairobi-Amsterdam route.
In other words, there could be an impact.
What should business people be looking at?
As far as African companies are concerned, the post-Brexit world will depend very much on the nature of their business with both the EU and the UK.
"Companies that depend heavily on EU-related preferences in the UK market need to keep a watchful eye on developments in Europe; and on negotiations between the UK and their own country on future arrangements," says Matthew Stern at DNA Economics in Pretoria.
"If all goes to plan, these preferences will be maintained, but any slippage from either party could be costly for certain firms."
As African politicians and business leaders gather in London for the UK-Africa Investment Summit, uncertainty remains.
It may be mitigated to some degree by the continuity agreements, but somewhere down the line, new negotiations are likely to happen.
Uncertainty is the enemy of investment. And behind the handshakes and smiles at the summit, it will be at least one of the elephants in the room.


bbc--2020-01-20--How Dan Aykroyd went from battling spirits to selling them

The BBC 's weekly The Boss series profiles different business leaders from around the world .
This week we speak to Canadian actor and vodka entrepreneur Dan Aykroyd .
As a much-loved Hollywood star , it is fair to say that a great many movie fans would be relieved to know that Dan Aykroyd did n't pursue his initial career plan to become a priest .
Instead of following that path of spirituality , he went into stand-up comedy and then acting , for which he is perhaps best-known for battling evil spirits in the 1984 box office smash Ghostbusters @ @ @ @ @ @ @ delved into the business of another kind of spirits - alcoholic drinks - selling both tequila and vodka .
As warm and friendly in real life as his public persona suggests , he says that his now more than 45 years as a professional actor made him very well prepared to make the step across to also being an entrepreneur .
`` The moment I entered the acting trade I was in 'show business ' , '' says the 67-year-old .
`` I had to market and broker deals for myself .
`` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ you have to follow it up with a contract , union obligations , tax planning , as well as - if you have a good job as an actor - investment .
`` Then , when I was originating my projects , that is selling a piece of material , I had to set a value and broker a deal .
So , I 've been in show business all the way through .
It 's not too hard to look at the numbers in another dimension . ''
Born in Ottawa , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ his dad was a policy advisor to Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau , the father of the current incumbent Justin .
Aykroyd 's mother was a secretary .
He attended Catholic school , hence the initial plan to become a priest , but changed his mind at the age of 17 .
He then studied criminology and sociology at Carleton University in Ottawa , only to drop out before completing his degree .
Instead of studying he started out as a comedian , and helped to run a bar .
His big break @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , he was appointed to the writing team of a forthcoming new US comedy sketch show called Saturday Night Live .
Aykroyd managed to also get himself a starring role , and he was a key feature of the first four series that ran from that year to 1979 .
Film work then followed , and in 1980 he had a major hit starring in The Blues Brothers , for which he also co-wrote the screenplay .
The movie remains a much-loved comedy classic , and Aykroyd still occasionally tours with the `` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ as his character from the film - Elwood Blues .
Ghostbusters arrived four years later , which he again co-wrote , and he was shortlisted for a best supporting actor Oscar for 1989 's Driving Miss Daisy .
Other film highlights include Trading Places , Spies Like Us , Antz , and Grosse Pointe Blank .
Aykroyd has also directed one movie - 1991 's Nothing But Trouble - which he says helped hone his management skills .
`` The first thing [ as a director ] is that you have to respect @ @ @ @ @ @ @ respect that they have skills and abilities that you may think you know something about , but you do n't , because you do n't do that particular function with an organisation , '' he says .
`` Let them do their job . ''
Unfortunately the film was a flop , costing $ 40m ( £31m ) , but only making $ 8.5m at the box office .
`` The studio will kill you if you lose that kind of money , '' he says .
`` Your career 's hit with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ first business venture came in 1992 when he co-founded the House of Blues live music venue and restaurant chain .
The business is now owned by entertainment giant Live Nation , but Aykroyd remains a paid consultant .
The move into the alcohol industry came in 2005 , when Aykroyd set up a company to import Patron tequila into Canada .
Two years later he launched his pride and joy - Crystal Head vodka .
• The billionaire retailer whose shops had no stock Easy to spot thanks to its human skull-shaped glass @ @ @ @ @ @ @ premium product .
It is made in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador from Canadian corn , and he remains the majority owner .
He adds that the bottle design was chosen as a nod to the legend that ancient tribes across the Americas used crystal skulls in religious ceremonies .
The vodka has now sold more than 13 million bottles .
`` I go around the world talking about the fluid and how proud I am that it 's from Canada , I get to talk up my country , '' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ partner of Kinetic Brands , a Canadian company that helps promote spirits , says that Crystal Head has certainly benefited from the fact it is owned by a celebrity .
`` When Aykroyd launched it , it was cool because it was him , '' she says .
`` It is also a great package and a great liquid , so people would go back to it .
But him being still being involved is very evidently a reason why some consumers buy the brand . ''
While the vodka business takes up @ @ @ @ @ @ @ still busy with acting work .
Not that he needs the money - his net wealth is estimated at $ 135m .
This summer he stars in the latest Ghostbusters movie , the fourth in the series .
He says he is pleased to be wrestling with the supernatural kind of spirits again .
In fact , Aykroyd has had a lifelong interest in the supernatural , something he picked up from his father , and a great grandfather who was a mystic .
`` You know , my great grandfather Sam Aykroyd @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Kingston , Ontario , would be very happy that Ghostbusters has stimulated such fun and laughter , as well as interest in the paranormal . ''

Aykroyd has also directed one movie - 1991's Nothing But Trouble - which he says helped hone his management skills. "The first thing [as a director] is that you have to respect what others are doing for you, respect that they have skills and abilities that you may think you know something about, but you don't, because you don't do that particular function with an organisation," he says. "Let them do their job."


bbc--2020-01-20--More precious than gold: Why the metal palladium is soaring

The price of the precious metal palladium has soared on the global commodities markets .
It has jumped by more than 25 % in the last two weeks alone , and almost doubled in value over the last year .
At about $ 2,500 ( £1,922 ) an ounce of palladium is more expensive than gold , and the pressures forcing its price up are unlikely to ease anytime soon .
But what is palladium , what is it used for , and why is its price rising ?
It is a shiny white metal in the same group as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , osmium , and iridium .
The majority of the world 's palladium comes from Russia and South Africa .
Most of it is extracted as a byproduct in the mining of other metals , usually platinum and nickel .
• How polluting are idling cars and buses ?
What is it used for ?
Its key commercial use is as a critical component in catalytic converters - a part of a car 's exhaust system that controls emissions - found mainly in petrol and hybrid vehicles .
The vast majority of palladium @ @ @ @ @ @ @ used in these devices that turn toxic gases , such as carbon monoxide , and nitrogen dioxide , into less harmful nitrogen , carbon dioxide , and water vapour .
It is also used , to a far lesser extent , in electronics , dentistry , and jewellery .
The metal 's soaring value in recent years has seen a jump in the theft of catalytic converters around the world .
London 's Metropolitan police said the number of thefts in the first six months of 2019 were more than 70 % higher @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Why is its price rising ?
In short , it is because demand for palladium outstrips supply , and it has done for some time .
The amount of the metal produced in 2019 is forecast to be below global demand for the eighth year in a row .
As a secondary product of platinum and nickel extraction , miners have less flexibility to increase palladium output in response to rising prices .
And that shortfall looks set to continue , with South Africa , which produces around 40 % of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ its output of platinum group metals , including palladium , fell by 13.5 % in November compared to a year earlier .
Meanwhile , demand for palladium from car makers has increased sharply for a number of reasons .
Around the world governments , notably China , are tightening regulations as they attempt to tackle air pollution from petrol vehicles .
At the same time the diesel emissions scandal in Europe has also had an impact .
Consumers there have been shifting away from diesel cars , which mostly use platinum in their @ @ @ @ @ @ @ petrol-driven vehicles , which use palladium .
The US-China trade deal , which was signed earlier this month , has also boosted prices .
Traders expect the agreement to help ease downward pressure on global economic growth and slow the decline in Chinese car sales .

At the same time the diesel emissions scandal in Europe has also had an impact. Consumers there have been shifting away from diesel cars, which mostly use platinum in their catalytic converters, and are instead buying petrol-driven vehicles, which use palladium.


bbc--2020-01-20--'Citizen scientists' to gather European traffic data

Traffic sensors are being set up in homes in five cities across Europe in a bid to learn more about traffic flow .
English academics are involved in sending out 1,500 sensors to be placed in homes in Madrid , Dublin , Cardiff , Ljubljana and Leuven .
The sensors will count the number and speed of all vehicles , cyclists and pedestrians that pass them .
Prof Enda Hayes , who is helping run the survey , said getting ordinary people involved would be key to its success .
`` We will be targeting certain areas but also asking @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in their homes , '' he said .
`` Our data will be uploaded to the cloud so it can be seen by anyone , be that private citizens , the local council or NGOs .
`` The evidence can be used in a number of initiatives relating to things like speed , noise , air pollution , safety and active travel .
Hopefully it will place citizens in the centre of the debates on these issues . ''
The data gathered will be updated hourly and will be freely available for anyone @ @ @ @ @ @ @ being included in a project called Citizens Observing UrbaN Transport ( WeCount ) .
It is part of Horizon 2020 , a European Commission-funded research project into sustainable economic growth .
With air pollution being blamed for 500,000 premature deaths across the continent in 2018 , the experts running the survey hope their results can be used to make cities healthier places to live .
Prof Hayes , from the University of the West of England ( UWE ) in Bristol , says the technology being used is simple , but will enable @ @ @ @ @ @ @ they live .
The sensors will be placed in homes with a clear view of the road outside .
Software inside them will analyse the speed and size of whatever passes it and determine whether it is a vehicle , pedestrian or cyclist .
`` The sensor components are made by Raspberry Pi , standard hardware that 's available off the shelf .
They are powered by a micro USB port , '' he said .
`` It will connect to the wi-fi in the person 's home , just like any smartphone @ @ @ @ @ @ @ hourly but the exact location of the sensor is not given , just the road it is on . ''
The software running on the units has been developed by Transport & Mobility Leuven ( TML ) and the sensors are already being used across Belgium .
Anyone can log on and see how many vehicles , pedestrians and cyclists have passed a certain point in the past hour .
WeCount follows projects such as the Copenhagen Hacking study , which uses information from cyclists to monitor traffic movement in the Danish capital @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by engineering and emissions expert Kris Vanherle , began in December 2019 and will run for two years .
Prof Hayes says that while the overall motivation is reducing air pollution , there will be other focuses in individual cities .
`` In Cardiff we 're aiming to put some near schools to study issues around the school run , '' he said .
`` We 'll also be putting sensors on roads the council have already marked as problematic from a transport point of view .
`` Overall we want to go @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to turn these 'citizen scientists ' into advocates who will use the data to work with employers , schools and local transport authorities to help drive forward healthier cities and healthier planning . ''
'We must do something' Prof Hayes believes a traffic study on this scale has never been done before and because the individual sensors are relatively cheap to produce , WeCount could start a mass movement of neighbourhoods being more informed about traffic in their area .
As an air quality expert , he says cities must take action on @ @ @ @ @ @ @ n't do anything we will see a continued decline in air quality in our urban environments across Europe and that will result in more deaths and more health issues .
`` We need to address one of the biggest sources of pollution which is traffic . ''

"Overall we want to go beyond just data gathering. We want to turn these 'citizen scientists' into advocates who will use the data to work with employers, schools and local transport authorities to help drive forward healthier cities and healthier planning."


bbc--2020-01-20--England in South Africa: Tourists win by an innings in Port Elizabeth

England sealed their biggest away win in more than nine years in the third Test against South Africa to move 2-1 up with one match left in the series .
Needing four wickets on the fifth morning , the tourists bowled the Proteas out for 237 to seal victory by an innings and 53 runs .
From 102-6 overnight , still 188 short of making England bat again , South Africa 's margin of defeat would have been even greater had it not been for Keshav Maharaj , who clubbed 71 .
In a freewheeling 10th-wicket stand of 99 with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ took 45 runs from 14 deliveries .
Before that , England 's progress had been serene .
Just as he did on Sunday , Stuart Broad removed Vernon Philander in the first over of the day , before Mark Wood had Kagiso Rabada caught at mid-on and Dom Bess bowled Anrich Nortje .
However , what started as Maharaj and Paterson trying their luck turned into genuine frustration for England , with the ball disappearing to all parts and fielders scattered all over Port Elizabeth .
It was eventually ended when Maharaj attempted @ @ @ @ @ @ @ beat a Sam Curran throw that hit the non-striker 's stumps .
England will win the series if they avoid defeat in the fourth Test in Johannesburg , which begins on Friday .
England were in such disarray at the beginning of this series that Ben Stokes revealed they were referring to their trip to South Africa as `` The Cursed Tour '' .
Illness swept through the squad before and during the first-Test defeat in Centurion , Stokes ' father was admitted to hospital with a serious illness and opener Rory Burns @ @ @ @ @ @ @ injury sustained playing football .
Even though England have suffered injuries to bowlers James Anderson and Jofra Archer since then , they have turned their fortunes around to stand on the verge of only their second away series victory since they won in South Africa four years ago .
They have done so with experienced players like Broad , Stokes and Joe Root performing , but what is most encouraging is the development of the younger players .
Dom Sibley , 24 , struck his maiden century in the second-Test win , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Bess recorded a first hundred and first five-wicket haul respectively .
After an even first day , England utterly dominated this match on a flat , slow pitch , the kind of surface on which they have struggled so badly away from home in recent times .
The end result was their first innings win overseas since the famous 2010-11 Ashes triumph in Australia .
• Pope is the real deal and belongs in Test cricket - Agnew • 'It was time to pull my finger out ' - Bess reflects on England @ @ @ @ @ @ @ bad weather on days two , three and four , but any hope South Africa had of being saved by the elements was dashed by clear skies and sunshine on Monday .
Root , who took four wickets on Sunday , hunted his first five-wicket haul in professional cricket by bowling unchanged for more than an hour .
Meanwhile , Philander 's push at Broad resulted in an inside edge on to pad that was held by Pope at mid-wicket , Rabada was caught by Broad off a leading edge and Nortje was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ himself the second new ball , only to be hit for three fours and two sixes in an over by Maharaj .
When the final delivery went for four byes , the 28 runs conceded equalled the record for the most expensive over in Test history .
That was the signal for Maharaj and Paterson to play shots at virtually every ball , with Wood and Curran also coming in for some harsh treatment .
By this point , England were somehow unable to hit the stumps when bowling and were only spared @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Not only did the tourists ensure they will at least draw the series , but they strengthened their position in third place in the World Test Championship , albeit some distance adrift of India and Australia .
South Africa 's win in the first Test ended their run of five successive defeats , but since then they have quickly unravelled .
And their obstacles to preventing a 3-1 series loss - which would be a repeat of the scoreline when South Africa visited England in 2017 - are growing .
Pace bowler @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Test , while the threat of Vernon Philander , who retires after the match in Johannesburg , has gradually diminished throughout the series .
However , it is a lack of runs that is the home side 's main problem , not least the form of captain Faf du Plessis , who has gone nine innings without a half-century .
On Sunday , South Africa coach Mark Boucher said he had `` no clue '' if Du Plessis would carry on as skipper , with the player then confirming his desire to continue @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is one part of a misfiring middle order .
Number three Zubayr Hamza 's place is under threat from Temba Bavuma , who made 180 in South African domestic cricket last week .
'Young guys are stepping up ' - what they said England captain Joe Root : `` It 's a great template for how we want to play our cricket : a big first-innings score and drive the game forward from there .
`` We want to keep giving our young guys confidence so that when they get their opportunities they @ @ @ @ @ @ @ team is all about the collective and we 've got a very good squad of players .
Having guys at a young age stepping up is a really exciting place to be . ''
South Africa captain Faf du Plessis on his future : `` I have heard the rumours about a possible retirement .
I have been clear and consistent that the Twenty20 World Cup [ starting in October ] is the time I am looking for .
Nothing has changed . ''
BBC cricket correspondent Jonathan Agnew : `` I 'm @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Mark Wood and Jofra Archer together for the last Test .
Confidence in that South Africa dressing room must be rock bottom - and they have lost Kagiso Rabada .
`` But there 's still life in this series .
If South Africa win in Johannesburg , they will draw the series - they must remember that . ''

Dom Bess (far left) took his maiden five-wicket haul and Ollie Pope hit a first century in Port Elizabeth
Third Test, Port Elizabeth, (day five of five): England 499-9 dec (Pope 135*, Stokes 120; Maharaj 5-180) South Africa 209 (Bess 5-51) & 237 (Maharaj 71, Root 4-87) England won by innings and 53 runs; lead 2-1 in series Scorecard
England sealed their biggest away win in more than nine years in the third Test against South Africa to move 2-1 up with one match left in the series.
Needing four wickets on the fifth morning, the tourists bowled the Proteas out for 237 to seal victory by an innings and 53 runs.
From 102-6 overnight, still 188 short of making England bat again, South Africa's margin of defeat would have been even greater had it not been for Keshav Maharaj, who clubbed 71.
In a freewheeling 10th-wicket stand of 99 with Dane Paterson, Maharaj at one stage took 45 runs from 14 deliveries.
Before that, England's progress had been serene. Just as he did on Sunday, Stuart Broad removed Vernon Philander in the first over of the day, before Mark Wood had Kagiso Rabada caught at mid-on and Dom Bess bowled Anrich Nortje.
However, what started as Maharaj and Paterson trying their luck turned into genuine frustration for England, with the ball disappearing to all parts and fielders scattered all over Port Elizabeth.
It was eventually ended when Maharaj attempted a single to mid-on, failing to beat a Sam Curran throw that hit the non-striker's stumps.
England will win the series if they avoid defeat in the fourth Test in Johannesburg, which begins on Friday.
England's complete performance
England were in such disarray at the beginning of this series that Ben Stokes revealed they were referring to their trip to South Africa as "The Cursed Tour".
Illness swept through the squad before and during the first-Test defeat in Centurion, Stokes' father was admitted to hospital with a serious illness and opener Rory Burns had to go home with an ankle injury sustained playing football.
Even though England have suffered injuries to bowlers James Anderson and Jofra Archer since then, they have turned their fortunes around to stand on the verge of only their second away series victory since they won in South Africa four years ago.
They have done so with experienced players like Broad, Stokes and Joe Root performing, but what is most encouraging is the development of the younger players. Dom Sibley, 24, struck his maiden century in the second-Test win, and in this match 22-year-olds Ollie Pope and Bess recorded a first hundred and first five-wicket haul respectively.
After an even first day, England utterly dominated this match on a flat, slow pitch, the kind of surface on which they have struggled so badly away from home in recent times.
The end result was their first innings win overseas since the famous 2010-11 Ashes triumph in Australia.
'You're a world record holder, Joe'
Victory completed - eventually
This match was hit by bad weather on days two, three and four, but any hope South Africa had of being saved by the elements was dashed by clear skies and sunshine on Monday.
Root, who took four wickets on Sunday, hunted his first five-wicket haul in professional cricket by bowling unchanged for more than an hour.
Meanwhile, Philander's push at Broad resulted in an inside edge on to pad that was held by Pope at mid-wicket, Rabada was caught by Broad off a leading edge and Nortje was bamboozled by Bess.
Root even gave himself the second new ball, only to be hit for three fours and two sixes in an over by Maharaj. When the final delivery went for four byes, the 28 runs conceded equalled the record for the most expensive over in Test history.
That was the signal for Maharaj and Paterson to play shots at virtually every ball, with Wood and Curran also coming in for some harsh treatment.
By this point, England were somehow unable to hit the stumps when bowling and were only spared more toil by Curran's accurate throw.
Not only did the tourists ensure they will at least draw the series, but they strengthened their position in third place in the World Test Championship, albeit some distance adrift of India and Australia.
South Africa problems
Keshav Maharaj and Dane Paterson added 99 for the last wicket
South Africa's win in the first Test ended their run of five successive defeats, but since then they have quickly unravelled.
And their obstacles to preventing a 3-1 series loss - which would be a repeat of the scoreline when South Africa visited England in 2017 - are growing.
Pace bowler Kagsio Rabada is banned for the final Test, while the threat of Vernon Philander, who retires after the match in Johannesburg, has gradually diminished throughout the series.
However, it is a lack of runs that is the home side's main problem, not least the form of captain Faf du Plessis, who has gone nine innings without a half-century.
On Sunday, South Africa coach Mark Boucher said he had "no clue" if Du Plessis would carry on as skipper, with the player then confirming his desire to continue in the post-match presentation.
Du Plessis is one part of a misfiring middle order. Number three Zubayr Hamza's place is under threat from Temba Bavuma, who made 180 in South African domestic cricket last week.
'Young guys are stepping up' - what they said
England captain Joe Root: "It's a great template for how we want to play our cricket: a big first-innings score and drive the game forward from there.
"We want to keep giving our young guys confidence so that when they get their opportunities they feel they can perform.
"Our team is all about the collective and we've got a very good squad of players. Having guys at a young age stepping up is a really exciting place to be."
South Africa captain Faf du Plessis on his future: "I have heard the rumours about a possible retirement. I have been clear and consistent that the Twenty20 World Cup [starting in October] is the time I am looking for. Nothing has changed."
BBC cricket correspondent Jonathan Agnew: "I'm sure Joe Root would love to have Mark Wood and Jofra Archer together for the last Test. Confidence in that South Africa dressing room must be rock bottom - and they have lost Kagiso Rabada.
"But there's still life in this series. If South Africa win in Johannesburg, they will draw the series - they must remember that."