iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-22--Wind Industry’s New Wave of ‘Green’ Destruction: German Forests Face Wholesale Wipe-Out

The wanton destruction of Germany ’ s ancient forests has brought its faux Greens head to head with those who actually care about the environment .
The once pleasant green vistas that defined Germany ’ s landscape have made way for more than 30,000 of these things .
And to do so , the German wind industry has been carving up wood lands and clear-felling entire forests for the best part of 20 years .
As Pierre Gosselin reports – in a ‘ follow the money ’ tale about ‘ green ’ groups being co-opted by wind energy rent seekers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ signed up to a steady stream of wind industry cash are incensed at what their erstwhile compatriots are up to .
Environment Of Dystopia : Germany Plans To Wipe Out 20 Million Sq M Of 1000-Year Old Forest , For Wind Parks !
No Tricks Zone Pierre Gosselin 8 December 2020 Green madness and environmental destruction – 20 million square meters of 1000-year old “ fairy tale ” forest to be designated as an industrial wind park zone .
“ Approval procedure in final phase ” !
At Facebook , environmentalist Gero Lenhardt @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of Germany ’ s most idyllic , fairy tale-like forests : the Reinhardswald located in the hilly region just west of Göttingen .
1000-year-old “ fairy tale ” forest is slated to be industrialized for “ green ” energy The German state of Hesse ’ s largest contiguous forest area will become a wind industry area if profit-seeking planners get their way .
The Reinhardswald is known as the “ treasure house of European forests ” or “ Grimm ’ s fairy tale forest ” .
“ A total of about 2000 hectares @ @ @ @ @ @ @ thousand-year-old Reinhardswald have been designated for wind power plant development , ” says Lenhardt , at Gegenwind Deutschland .
“ The massive resistance of the affected citizens is being ignored by the state government , ” reports Lenhardt .
Natural , virtually undisturbed habitat may fall victim of the greed of crony policymakers and industry lobbyists .
“ The first 20 wind turbines of unprecedented size are planned ( see map ) , the approval procedure is in its final phase , ” says Lenhardt .
Location of planned wind parks in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Map ) .
60 gigantic turbines , danger to red-listed species And that would only be the beginning : A total of more than 60 of these gigantic wind turbines could be built on 7 large areas .
Lenhardt writes that their wonderful Reinhardswald is “ on the verge of being degraded ” and “ with incalculable consequences for nature and the whole region.
” He needs both the support of local citizens and the attention from around the world .
Lenhardt says that not only will the planned turbines pose a hazard @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , it will also disfigure the landscape and lead to noise pollution for hikers , tourists and residents .
Moreover it will seriously endanger rare bird life such as the black stork , red kite , bats and other red-listed species .
You can write a statement protesting the planned construction of the wind parks by sending an email to : Einwendungen_III_33-1 @ rpks.hessen.de .
Emails in the English language are fine as many Germans understand English quite well .
You can visit their site at : www.rettet-den-reinhardswald.de .
“ But no matter @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is that you write !
” says Lenhardt .
Visualizations of dystopian environment The following are visualizations that are true to scale and position and thus illustrate what the Reinhardswald will look like should the project go through .
German Greens , NABU , Slammed For Giving Big Wind A Clear Way For Large-Scale Wind Projects In Forests No Tricks Zone Pierre Gosselin 9 December 2020 “ The wind power industry can not be expanded in a ‘ nature-compatible ’ way , ” says nature conservation group Naturschutzinitiativ .
Slams pseudo environmental groups @ @ @ @ @ @ @ I wrote about plans to transform 20 million square meters of a 1000-year old forest into an industrial wind complex comprising 60 200+ meter tall turbines with a rotor diameter of 150 meters and a rated capacity of 5.6 MW True nature conservationists are in shock at the proposal , which is now in its final approval phase .
How can anyone even consider such environmental destruction ?
Blame it on corrupt “ environmentalists like the German Green Party and groups like NABU .
All of this is being made possible by the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the name of the superordinate “ climate change protection ” .
Now , real nature protection group Naturschutz Initiativ here issued a press release asking if the traditional environmental protection groups such as NABU or the German Green Party have abandoned their original mission of environmental protection and become the lobbyists for Big Wind .
Nothing to do with environmental protection .
Photo : red kite struck by wind turbine blade / NI archive .
NABU and the Greens say auf Wiedersehen to environmental protection NABU and Bündnis 90/Die Grünen ( German @ @ @ @ @ @ @ strategy paper to accelerate the allegedly “ nature-compatible ” expansion of wind energy , says Naturschutzinitiativ , “ The paper is rather a farewell of the once bird protection association for nature and species protection .
The paper calls for “ electricity quantity-related expansion targets ” with the aim of “ exceptional reasons of public safety under species protection law ” .
As a consequence , the strategy paper calls for a central weakening of nature conservation , which is obviously intended by the authors , or at least accepted by them .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ are aimed at completely releasing the approval procedures from the urgently needed constitutional examination for the wind power industry .
Naturschutzinitiativ also states : The wording of one provision in the paper is an attempt to finally undermine the EU legal protection of individuals of specially protected species by taking it to the population level .
The formulation of NABU and the Greens is a 1:1 implementation of the goals of the wind power lobby.
” Under the guise of climate protection The German government clearly wants to comply with the wind power @ @ @ @ @ @ @ interventions in the context of “ climate protection ” from the compensation obligations under nature conservation law , states the press release Naturschutzinitiativ adds : “ Wherever the wind power industry invades the last natural areas , exactly the opposite consequences occur : The devaluation of previously large , coherently valuable areas.
” Big Wind should be “ as unhindered as possible ” The remaining points of the paper can be summarized under the recognizable overall goal of the paper : To enable the wind power industry to operate in a framework that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ paper is no basis for a “ peace ” deal between the wind power industry and nature .
It is rather the parting of the former bird protection environmental group from nature and protection of species , ” says Harry Neumann , Federal Chairman of the Nature Conservation Initiative e.V .
( NI ) and Dr. Wolfgang Epple .
“ The wind power industry can not be expanded in a “ nature-compatible ” way .
NABU has apparently given up both the protection of large-scale near-natural landscapes and the technically sound protection of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and by submitting to the demands of the wind power lobby , ” said Harry Neumann and Dr. Wolfgang Epple .
No Tricks Zone

The wanton destruction of Germany’s ancient forests has brought its faux Greens head to head with those who actually care about the environment.
The once pleasant green vistas that defined Germany’s landscape have made way for more than 30,000 of these things. And to do so, the German wind industry has been carving up wood lands and clear-felling entire forests for the best part of 20 years.
As Pierre Gosselin reports – in a ‘follow the money’ tale about ‘green’ groups being co-opted by wind energy rent seekers – those environmentalists who haven’t signed up to a steady stream of wind industry cash are incensed at what their erstwhile compatriots are up to.
Environment Of Dystopia: Germany Plans To Wipe Out 20 Million Sq M Of 1000-Year Old Forest, For Wind Parks!
No Tricks Zone
Pierre Gosselin
8 December 2020
Green madness and environmental destruction – 20 million square meters of 1000-year old “fairy tale” forest to be designated as an industrial wind park zone. “Approval procedure in final phase”!
At Facebook, environmentalist Gero Lenhardt writes a desperate plea to rescue one of Germany’s most idyllic, fairy tale-like forests: the Reinhardswald located in the hilly region just west of Göttingen.
1000-year-old “fairy tale” forest is slated to be industrialized for “green” energy
The German state of Hesse’s largest contiguous forest area will become a wind industry area if profit-seeking planners get their way.
The Reinhardswald is known as the “treasure house of European forests” or “Grimm’s fairy tale forest”.
“A total of about 2000 hectares (20 million m²) of the thousand-year-old Reinhardswald have been designated for wind power plant development,” says Lenhardt, at Gegenwind Deutschland. “The massive resistance of the affected citizens is being ignored by the state government,” reports Lenhardt.
Natural, virtually undisturbed habitat may fall victim of the greed of crony policymakers and industry lobbyists. “The first 20 wind turbines of unprecedented size are planned (see map), the approval procedure is in its final phase,” says Lenhardt.
Location of planned wind parks in the Reinhardswald, west of Göttingen (Google Map).
60 gigantic turbines, danger to red-listed species
And that would only be the beginning: A total of more than 60 of these gigantic wind turbines could be built on 7 large areas.
Lenhardt writes that their wonderful Reinhardswald is “on the verge of being degraded” and “with incalculable consequences for nature and the whole region.”
He needs both the support of local citizens and the attention from around the world.
Lenhardt says that not only will the planned turbines pose a hazard to drinking water for over 50,000 people, it will also disfigure the landscape and lead to noise pollution for hikers, tourists and residents.
Moreover it will seriously endanger rare bird life such as the black stork, red kite, bats and other red-listed species.
You can write a statement protesting the planned construction of the wind parks by sending an email to: Einwendungen_III_33-1@rpks.hessen.de. Emails in the English language are fine as many Germans understand English quite well. You can visit their site at: www.rettet-den-reinhardswald.de.
“But no matter what you write, the main thing is that you write!” says Lenhardt.
Visualizations of dystopian environment
The following are visualizations that are true to scale and position and thus illustrate what the Reinhardswald will look like should the project go through.
No Tricks Zone
German Greens, NABU, Slammed For Giving Big Wind A Clear Way For Large-Scale Wind Projects In Forests
No Tricks Zone
Pierre Gosselin
9 December 2020
“The wind power industry cannot be expanded in a ‘nature-compatible’ way,” says nature conservation group Naturschutzinitiativ. Slams pseudo environmental groups, the German Green Party.
Yesterday I wrote about plans to transform 20 million square meters of a 1000-year old forest into an industrial wind complex comprising 60 200+ meter tall turbines with a rotor diameter of 150 meters and a rated capacity of 5.6 MW
True nature conservationists are in shock at the proposal, which is now in its final approval phase. How can anyone even consider such environmental destruction? Blame it on corrupt “environmentalists like the German Green Party and groups like NABU.
All of this is being made possible by the relaxation of otherwise strict environmental standards all in the name of the superordinate “climate change protection”.
Now, real nature protection group Naturschutz Initiativ here issued a press release asking if the traditional environmental protection groups such as NABU or the German Green Party have abandoned their original mission of environmental protection and become the lobbyists for Big Wind.
Nothing to do with environmental protection. Photo: red kite struck by wind turbine blade / NI archive.
NABU and the Greens say auf Wiedersehen to environmental protection
NABU and Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (German Green Party) have presented a joint strategy paper to accelerate the allegedly “nature-compatible” expansion of wind energy, says Naturschutzinitiativ, “The paper is rather a farewell of the once bird protection association for nature and species protection.
The paper calls for “electricity quantity-related expansion targets” with the aim of “exceptional reasons of public safety under species protection law”. As a consequence, the strategy paper calls for a central weakening of nature conservation, which is obviously intended by the authors, or at least accepted by them.
Bypassing approval procedures
Provisions in the paper are aimed at completely releasing the approval procedures from the urgently needed constitutional examination for the wind power industry.
Naturschutzinitiativ also states: The wording of one provision in the paper is an attempt to finally undermine the EU legal protection of individuals of specially protected species by taking it to the population level. The formulation of NABU and the Greens is a 1:1 implementation of the goals of the wind power lobby.”
Under the guise of climate protection
The German government clearly wants to comply with the wind power industry’s demand to exempt nature-damaging interventions in the context of “climate protection” from the compensation obligations under nature conservation law, states the press release
Naturschutzinitiativ adds: “Wherever the wind power industry invades the last natural areas, exactly the opposite consequences occur: The devaluation of previously large, coherently valuable areas.”
Big Wind should be “as unhindered as possible”
The remaining points of the paper can be summarized under the recognizable overall goal of the paper: To enable the wind power industry to operate in a framework that is as unhindered as possible.
The paper is no basis for a “peace” deal between the wind power industry and nature. It is rather the parting of the former bird protection environmental group from nature and protection of species,” says Harry Neumann, Federal Chairman of the Nature Conservation Initiative e.V. (NI) and Dr. Wolfgang Epple.
“The wind power industry cannot be expanded in a “nature-compatible” way.
NABU has apparently given up both the protection of large-scale near-natural landscapes and the technically sound protection of species by adopting the Green Party platforms and by submitting to the demands of the wind power lobby,” said Harry Neumann and Dr. Wolfgang Epple.
No Tricks Zone


iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-22--Claim: Expensive Vanadium Flow Batteries will Make Renewable Energy Viable

Vanadium is expensive , though the price fluctuates wildly – currently $ 11K to $ 15K / tonne of Vanadium Pentoxide .
But advocates claim Vanadium flow batteries have the potential to solve the intermittency of renewable energy .
StorEn Tech Provides First Of Its Kind Vanadium Flow Battery To Australia Australia has taken another step toward greater use of battery energy storage thanks to a new 30 kWh StorEn vanadium flow battery that was installed for use in a renewable hydrogen plant at Queensland University of Technology ( QUT ) .
The battery , which was provided through a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Resources Limited , will allow researchers in Australia to develop safety standards for the future use of vanadium flow batteries as well as helping to bring the technology to Australia .
The many features of vanadium flow batteries could make them ideal for grid-scale energy storage , which is something that Australia is looking to expand in the coming years .
Peter Talbot , a professor at QUT , said about the new battery — “ vanadium flow battery technology promises safe , affordable and long-lasting energy storage for both households and industry.
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ 15-25Wh / L , so to provide backup for a 1GW renewable plant for a day , you would need : 24 x 1GW = 24GWh of storage , or 24,000,000,000 / 25 = 960 million litres of Vanadium electrolyte – say a couple of billion dollars worth .
An expensive battery , but not an unimaginable expense .
Of course a single day of backup capacity is not nearly enough .
Wind droughts can last weeks or even months .
So if your goal is to match the reliability of fossil fuel @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a lot more than a couple of billion dollars worth of electrolyte .
You might find that the electrolyte gets a lot more expensive over the course of negotiating your battery purchase agreement .
The global Vanadium market is small , around 80,000 tons per year .
So an attempt to purchase several hundred thousand tons of Vanadium to build a 1GW battery would have a substantial impact on global prices .
Assuming you somehow obtain enough Vanadium for your battery , your Vanadium Flow battery electrolyte can not be allowed to overheat @ @ @ @ @ @ @ complex will need substantial air-conditioning , which will eat into its storage efficiency .
Vanadium has other important industrial uses .
Vanadium is used as a steel additive to produce high strength structural steel , and is also an important component of military grade steel alloys , and critical steel components subject to high stress , such as automobile crank shafts .
China is a substantial buyer in the global Vanadium market .

Vanadium is expensive, though the price fluctuates wildly – currently $11K to $15K / tonne of Vanadium Pentoxide. But advocates claim Vanadium flow batteries have the potential to solve the intermittency of renewable energy.
StorEn Tech Provides First Of Its Kind Vanadium Flow Battery To Australia December 19th, 2020 Australia has taken another step toward greater use of battery energy storage thanks to a new 30 kWh StorEn vanadium flow battery that was installed for use in a renewable hydrogen plant at Queensland University of Technology (QUT). The battery, which was provided through a partnership between StorEn Technologies Inc.* and Multicom Resources Limited, will allow researchers in Australia to develop safety standards for the future use of vanadium flow batteries as well as helping to bring the technology to Australia. The many features of vanadium flow batteries could make them ideal for grid-scale energy storage, which is something that Australia is looking to expand in the coming years. … Peter Talbot, a professor at QUT, said about the new battery — “vanadium flow battery technology promises safe, affordable and long-lasting energy storage for both households and industry.” …
Vanadium has an energy density of 15-25Wh / L, so to provide backup for a 1GW renewable plant for a day, you would need:
24 x 1GW = 24GWh of storage, or 24,000,000,000 Wh / 25 Wh / L = 960 million litres of Vanadium electrolyte – say a couple of billion dollars worth.
An expensive battery, but not an unimaginable expense.
Of course a single day of backup capacity is not nearly enough. Wind droughts can last weeks or even months. So if your goal is to match the reliability of fossil fuel generators, you are going to need a lot more than a couple of billion dollars worth of electrolyte.
You might find that the electrolyte gets a lot more expensive over the course of negotiating your battery purchase agreement. The global Vanadium market is small, around 80,000 tons per year. So an attempt to purchase several hundred thousand tons of Vanadium to build a 1GW battery would have a substantial impact on global prices.
Assuming you somehow obtain enough Vanadium for your battery, your Vanadium Flow battery electrolyte cannot be allowed to overheat or freeze. So your new battery complex will need substantial air-conditioning, which will eat into its storage efficiency.
Vanadium has other important industrial uses. Vanadium is used as a steel additive to produce high strength structural steel, and is also an important component of military grade steel alloys, and critical steel components subject to high stress, such as automobile crank shafts. China is a substantial buyer in the global Vanadium market.
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iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-22--Kilauea: Biggest Eruption Since 2018

Kilauea: Biggest Eruption Since 2018

The world ’ s most active volcano is at it again… The water lake that had formed in Halema ‘ @ @ @ @ @ the 2018 eruption is now a lava lake .
( BIVN ) – The Sunday @ @ @ @ @ the first eruptive activity at the volcano in over two years – has already erased @ @ @ @ @ and is replacing it with a new lava lake at the base of the crater @ @ @ @ @ at approximately 9:30 p.m. HST during a brief earthquake swarm at the summit .
Scientists @ @ @ @ @ the walls of Halemaʻumaʻu crater .
The lava cascaded into the summit water lake , @ @ @ @ @ forming a new lava lake at the base of the crater .
The activity is @ @ @ @ @ Kīlauea caldera , scientists say .
One of the fountains within the crater was 165 @ @ @

Guest “geology” by David Middleton
The world’s most active volcano is at it again…
The water lake that had formed in Halema‘uma‘u crater after the 2018 eruption is now a lava lake.
Eruption Boils Away Kilauea Water Lake, Forming New Lava Lake
by Big Island Video News
on Dec 21, 2020
(BIVN) – The Sunday evening eruption of Kīlauea – the first eruptive activity at the volcano in over two years – has already erased the growing summit water lake and is replacing it with a new lava lake at the base of the crater.
The eruption started suddenly at approximately 9:30 p.m. HST during a brief earthquake swarm at the summit. Scientists say multiple fissures opened on the walls of Halemaʻumaʻu crater. The lava cascaded into the summit water lake, boiling off the water and forming a new lava lake at the base of the crater.
The activity is contained within Halemaʻumaʻu crater in Kīlauea caldera, scientists say. One of the fountains within the crater was 165 feet tall.
[…]


The Emmas

It ’ s time to vote for this year ’ s Emma Awards !
We decided to recognise a true genius in the field , christening the prizes “ the Emmas ” , to mark Ms Thompson ’ s ludicrous devotion to the dark art of shamelessness .
Interest was high , and a close-fought contest saw the awards carried off by Emma Thompson , Barack Obama and Richard Branson , each of whom went far beyond the call of duty in failing to practice what they preach .
With no sign of any outbreak of self-awareness among the eco-elites @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Emmas awards an annual event , a showcase of all that is most brazen and barefaced in the worlds of eco-luvviedom and politics .
So , this brings us to the nominations for the 2020 hunt for the World ’ s Greatest Climate Hypocrites .
Help us choose this year ’ s winner To help us find the winner , send your nominations to info @ thegwpf.com , together with a few words about why you think they are deserving of the accolade , in each of the three categories : Send @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The winners will be chosen by the judges at the start of next year .
via NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT

By Paul Homewood
It’s time to vote for this year’s Emma Awards!
We decided to recognise a true genius in the field, christening the prizes “the Emmas”, to mark Ms Thompson’s ludicrous devotion to the dark art of shamelessness.
Interest was high, and a close-fought contest saw the awards carried off by Emma Thompson, Barack Obama and Richard Branson, each of whom went far beyond the call of duty in failing to practice what they preach.
With no sign of any outbreak of self-awareness among the eco-elites, we at GWPF decided to make the Emmas awards an annual event, a showcase of all that is most brazen and barefaced in the worlds of eco-luvviedom and politics.
So, this brings us to the nominations for the 2020 hunt for the World’s Greatest Climate Hypocrites.
Help us choose this year’s winner
To help us find the winner, send your nominations to info@thegwpf.com, together with a few words about why you think they are deserving of the accolade, in each of the three categories:
* Preening politicians
* Ecowarriers and ecoworrier
* Ludicrous luvvies
Send us your suggestions by 29th December. The winners will be chosen by the judges at the start of next year.
https://www.thegwpf.com/the-emmas-nominations-open-for-the-worlds-greatest-climate-hypocrite-competition/
.
Send your nominations to:
info@thegwpf.com
via NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT
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December 23, 2020 at 04:48AM


Stellar Jewel Box

Thousands of sparkling young stars are nestled within the giant nebula NGC 3603 , one of the most massive young star clusters in the Milky Way Galaxy .
NGC 3603 , a prominent star-forming region in the Carina spiral arm of the Milky Way about 20,000 light-years away , reveals stages in the life cycle of stars .
Powerful ultraviolet radiation and fast winds from the bluest and hottest stars have blown a big bubble around the cluster .
Moving into the surrounding nebula , this torrent of radiation sculpted the tall , dark stalks of dense gas , which @ @ @ @ @ @ @ nebula .
These gaseous monoliths are a few light-years tall and point to the central cluster .
The stalks may be incubators for new stars .
On a smaller scale , a cluster of dark clouds called “ Bok ” globules resides at the top , right corner .
These clouds are composed of dense dust and gas and are about 10 to 50 times more massive than the sun .
Resembling an insect ’ s cocoon , a Bok globule may be undergoing a gravitational collapse on its way to forming new @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by Sir John Herschel in 1834 .
Image Credit : NASA , ESA , and the Hubble Heritage ( STScI/AURA ) -ESA/Hubble Collaboration Last Updated : Dec. 21 , 2020 Editor : NASA Administrator

From NASA
Thousands of sparkling young stars are nestled within the giant nebula NGC 3603, one of the most massive young star clusters in the Milky Way Galaxy.
NGC 3603, a prominent star-forming region in the Carina spiral arm of the Milky Way about 20,000 light-years away, reveals stages in the life cycle of stars.
Powerful ultraviolet radiation and fast winds from the bluest and hottest stars have blown a big bubble around the cluster. Moving into the surrounding nebula, this torrent of radiation sculpted the tall, dark stalks of dense gas, which are embedded in the walls of the nebula. These gaseous monoliths are a few light-years tall and point to the central cluster. The stalks may be incubators for new stars.
On a smaller scale, a cluster of dark clouds called “Bok” globules resides at the top, right corner. These clouds are composed of dense dust and gas and are about 10 to 50 times more massive than the sun. Resembling an insect’s cocoon, a Bok globule may be undergoing a gravitational collapse on its way to forming new stars.
The nebula was first discovered by Sir John Herschel in 1834.
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration
Last Updated: Dec. 21, 2020 Editor: NASA Administrator
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iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-23--Stop planting more trees!

Stop planting more trees!

This is an excellent essay by farmer and nature writer , John Lewis-Stempel : I like trees .
Sometimes I @ @ @ @ @ and talk to ours , even pat their trunks .
I have managed woods , @ @ @ @ @ and I practise a bit of “ agroforestry ” , the farming system which combines @ @ @ @ @ by Ermintrude , Shaun the Sheep , and Little Red Hen .
But tree-planting in @ @ @ @ @ destructive mania .
We need a moratorium on trees .
via NOT A LOT OF @ @ @

By Paul Homewood
h/t ianprsy
This is an excellent essay by farmer and nature writer, John Lewis-Stempel:
I like trees. Sometimes I come over all Prince Charlesy and talk to ours, even pat their trunks. I have managed woods, written books praising trees, and I practise a bit of “agroforestry”, the farming system which combines trees with grass for grazing by Ermintrude, Shaun the Sheep, and Little Red Hen. But tree-planting in the UK is now a destructive mania. We need a moratorium on trees.
Full article here.
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December 23, 2020 at 04:00AM


iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-23--There Are Liars, Damn Liars And The United Nations

This is a Guest Post by An Australian Scientist , Doctor John Happs who has an academic background in the @ @ @ @ @ climate , and paleoclimate .
He has been a science educator at several universities in @ @ @ @ @ it comes to telling whoppers about climate change , weather extremes and any number of @ @ @ @ @ Nations has no equal .
Their latest ( 2020 ) report proves this beyond any @ @ @ @ @ the UN ’ s report , dramatically titled : “ Human Cost of Disasters : @ @ @ @ @ 20 Years ( 2000-2019 ) .
This report stems from the United Nations Office for @ @ @ @ @ ) and its Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters ( CRED ) .
@ @ @ @ @ that : This is followed by the…

PA Pundits – International
TonyfromOz prefaces: This is a Guest Post by An Australian Scientist, Doctor John Happs who has an academic background in the geosciences with special interests in climate, and paleoclimate. He has been a science educator at several universities in Australia and overseas.
By Dr. John Happs
When it comes to telling whoppers about climate change, weather extremes and any number of climate-related catastrophes, the United Nations has no equal. Their latest (2020) report proves this beyond any doubt.
Recently released is the UN’s report, dramatically titled: “Human Cost of Disasters: An Overview of the Last 20 Years (2000-2019). This report stems from the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) and its Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED).
https://www.undrr.org/publication/human-cost-disasters-overview-last-20-years-2000-2019
The report Foreword tells us that:
“This report focuses primarily on the staggering rise in climate-related disasters over the last twenty years.”
This is followed by the…


iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-23--US Democrats consider ‘climate emergency’ to bypass US Senate

Whether it ’ s through their attempts of “ legislation ” by regulation , litigation , or the pressure of Wall Street ’ s corporatists , the climate warriors have long shown an interest in bypassing the usual democratic procedures in order to get their agenda through , and there is no doubt that some of the coercive measures that have been put in place to combat the pandemic will have given them additional ideas .
That ’ s not a good thing .
In the meantime , Senator Jeff Merkley ( D. , Ore. ) has written this in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) : Our ability to take on the climate crisis through legislation will be challenged by the realities of the Senate .
If Mitch McConnell ( R-Ky. ) emerges as the majority leader following the runoff elections in Georgia , no serious climate bill will ever get a hearing in committee , much less get to the Oval Office .
And even if Democrats win the Senate , passing adequately ambitious legislation will be a struggle with such a razor-thin margin and the need for filibuster reform .
But we can not wait @ @ @ @ @ @ @ treats this crisis — quite literally — as the emergency it is .
The National Emergencies Act ( NEA ) and the Defense Production Act ( DPA ) give the president broad powers to act in the national interest during grave national emergencies .
While President Barack Obama used the DPA to purchase green transportation fuels , neither of these acts has been fully used to address the climate emergency .
Declaring the climate crisis a national emergency under the NEA would not only send a powerful signal about the urgency of bold @ @ @ @ @ @ @ allow our nation to take significant , concrete actions regardless of congressional gridlock .
Examples include redirecting spending to build out renewable energy systems , implementing large-scale clean transportation solutions and financing distributed energy projects to boost climate resiliency — all of which would help safeguard our communities and slash harmful pollution .
Invoking the DPA would complement a national emergency declaration and help address the national security threats posed by our climate crisis .
These powers would allow the Biden administration to take essential steps toward strengthening our emergency preparedness , such @ @ @ @ @ @ @ domestic industry to ramp up manufacturing of clean energy technologies .
These are necessary steps to protect Americans from the deluge of violent storms and extreme weather events that are on the horizon .
Plus , spawning a robust clean energy industry could generate millions of high-quality American jobs vital to rejuvenating our post-covid economy .
If you believe that last sentence , you will also believe that these measures are compatible with a properly functioning democracy .
The post US Democrats consider ‘ climate emergency ’ to bypass US Senate appeared first @ @ @ @ @ @ @ GWPF ) .

Whether it’s through their attempts of “legislation” by regulation, litigation, or the pressure of Wall Street’s corporatists, the climate warriors have long shown an interest in bypassing the usual democratic procedures in order to get their agenda through, and there is no doubt that some of the coercive measures that have been put in place to combat the pandemic will have given them additional ideas. That’s not a good thing.
In the meantime, Senator Jeff Merkley (D., Ore.) has written this in the Washington Post (my emphasis added):
Our ability to take on the climate crisis through legislation will be challenged by the realities of the Senate. If Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) emerges as the majority leader following the runoff elections in Georgia, no serious climate bill will ever get a hearing in committee, much less get to the Oval Office. And even if Democrats win the Senate, passing adequately ambitious legislation will be a struggle with such a razor-thin margin and the need for filibuster reform. But we cannot wait. We need bold executive action that treats this crisis — quite literally — as the emergency it is. The National Emergencies Act (NEA) and the Defense Production Act (DPA) give the president broad powers to act in the national interest during grave national emergencies. While President Barack Obama used the DPA to purchase green transportation fuels, neither of these acts has been fully used to address the climate emergency. Declaring the climate crisis a national emergency under the NEA would not only send a powerful signal about the urgency of bold action, it would unlock powers that allow our nation to take significant, concrete actions regardless of congressional gridlock. Examples include redirecting spending to build out renewable energy systems, implementing large-scale clean transportation solutions and financing distributed energy projects to boost climate resiliency — all of which would help safeguard our communities and slash harmful pollution. Invoking the DPA would complement a national emergency declaration and help address the national security threats posed by our climate crisis. These powers would allow the Biden administration to take essential steps toward strengthening our emergency preparedness, such as constructing resilient energy infrastructure and mobilizing domestic industry to ramp up manufacturing of clean energy technologies. These are necessary steps to protect Americans from the deluge of violent storms and extreme weather events that are on the horizon. Plus, spawning a robust clean energy industry could generate millions of high-quality American jobs vital to rejuvenating our post-covid economy.
If you believe that last sentence, you will also believe that these measures are compatible with a properly functioning democracy.
The post US Democrats consider ‘climate emergency’ to bypass US Senate appeared first on The Global Warming Policy Forum (GWPF).
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December 23, 2020 at 02:55AM


iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-23--Lights going out: Why China will never give up coal power

BEIJING : Tens of millions across China are facing power shortages in below-freezing winter temperatures , as three provinces impose curbs on electricity use due to surging demand and a squeezed coal supply .
Residents , factories and businesses in Hunan , Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces have been ordered to ration electricity with some areas citing a shortfall in coal supplies , according to local media reports and government notices .
China ’ s rebound from the Covid-19 pandemic has been driven by energy intensive industries such as construction , heaping pressure on the power grid and coal supplies , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air .
Earlier this month , Hunan authorities ordered all billboards and outdoor lighting on buildings to power off for long periods each day and a temperature cap on indoor heating at entertainment venues .
Hunan faces a shortfall of 3-4 million kilowatts of electricity this winter , local officials admitted last week , as demand soars due to unusually cold weather that will hit as low as -10°C .
Office workers in provincial capital Changsha complained on social media about being forced to climb @ @ @ @ @ @ @ indoor temperatures as a result of frequent power outages .
“ My office heating has already been stopped , and there were blackouts on Dec 1 , 3 and 5 .
Temperatures will drop to -8°C around New Year ’ s Day , will I freeze to death in Hunan ?
” one Weibo user wrote last week .
Meanwhile in Zhejiang province , factories in the manufacturing hub of Yiwu have been told to stop operations and streetlights have been turned off at night as part of an emissions-saving drive by the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and photos circulated on Weibo .
The post Lights going out : Why China will never give up coal power appeared first on The Global Warming Policy Forum ( GWPF ) .

BEIJING: Tens of millions across China are facing power shortages in below-freezing winter temperatures, as three provinces impose curbs on electricity use due to surging demand and a squeezed coal supply.
Residents, factories and businesses in Hunan, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces have been ordered to ration electricity with some areas citing a shortfall in coal supplies, according to local media reports and government notices.
China’s rebound from the Covid-19 pandemic has been driven by energy intensive industries such as construction, heaping pressure on the power grid and coal supplies, said Lauri Myllyvirta, lead analyst at the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air.
Earlier this month, Hunan authorities ordered all billboards and outdoor lighting on buildings to power off for long periods each day and a temperature cap on indoor heating at entertainment venues.
Hunan faces a shortfall of 3-4 million kilowatts of electricity this winter, local officials admitted last week, as demand soars due to unusually cold weather that will hit as low as -10°C.
Office workers in provincial capital Changsha complained on social media about being forced to climb dozens of flights of stairs and freezing indoor temperatures as a result of frequent power outages.
“My office heating has already been stopped, and there were blackouts on Dec 1, 3 and 5. Temperatures will drop to -8°C around New Year’s Day, will I freeze to death in Hunan?” one Weibo user wrote last week.
Meanwhile in Zhejiang province, factories in the manufacturing hub of Yiwu have been told to stop operations and streetlights have been turned off at night as part of an emissions-saving drive by the local government, according to media reports and photos circulated on Weibo.
The post Lights going out: Why China will never give up coal power appeared first on The Global Warming Policy Forum (GWPF).
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December 23, 2020 at 02:26AM


iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-23--China struggles to keep the lights on amid sky-high demand

China ’ s roaring industrial rebound from the pandemic has an unforeseen consequence — the surge in power demand has left factories , office buildings and street lights in some areas straining under an electricity shortage .
The country ’ s local governments are cutting power to some industrial and commercial customers in several provinces .
State-owned companies are sending an army of workers to inspect power lines , and authorities are urging coal miners to produce more .
But that ’ s done little to quell the stream of domestic media reports on struggling cities .
With the rest @ @ @ @ @ @ @ China ’ s medical equipment and electronics exports as their pandemic-ravaged economies suffer , the focus abroad is also increasingly turning to the Asian manufacturing giant ’ s power supply .
“ As the global economy recovers , it will be imperative for China to stabilize its power supplies , ” said Rana Mitter , professor of Chinese politics at the University of Oxford .
“ There is a move in the West to re-shore supply chains and unreliability of power supply in China could be another motivation to do this.
” The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ factories like never before .
As one of the first economies to emerge from a pandemic induced lockdown , and as a leading producer of protective gear and medical equipment , China ’ s exports have soared to record levels .
That ’ s led to surging demand for power , with November consumption up 9.4 % over the previous year , the highest level in more than two years .
On top of that , colder-than-normal weather is now adding to winter demand as people heat their homes , and ice is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Meanwhile , some parts of the country are curtailing electricity to keep emissions in check .
That ’ s left some regions without enough power during peak hours , with two expected to have lasting shortfalls .
“ Weather conditions for the following months will be the key factor to determine the scale of the outage , ” said Hanyang Wei , an analyst with BloombergNEF .
“ Peak load would drop quickly if cold weather lasts for just a few days.
” This is all happening as coal , the fuel of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ s power generation , remains in short supply .
The government had limited imports to support domestic miners , and imposed an unofficial ban on Australian shipments amid a diplomatic spat .
But domestic supplies haven ’ t risen as much as needed following a recent spate of deadly mining accidents .
The post China struggles to keep the lights on amid sky-high demand appeared first on The Global Warming Policy Forum ( GWPF ) .

China’s roaring industrial rebound from the pandemic has an unforeseen consequence — the surge in power demand has left factories, office buildings and street lights in some areas straining under an electricity shortage.
The country’s local governments are cutting power to some industrial and commercial customers in several provinces. State-owned companies are sending an army of workers to inspect power lines, and authorities are urging coal miners to produce more.
But that’s done little to quell the stream of domestic media reports on struggling cities. With the rest of the world growing ever-more dependent on China’s medical equipment and electronics exports as their pandemic-ravaged economies suffer, the focus abroad is also increasingly turning to the Asian manufacturing giant’s power supply.
“As the global economy recovers, it will be imperative for China to stabilize its power supplies,” said Rana Mitter, professor of Chinese politics at the University of Oxford. “There is a move in the West to re-shore supply chains and unreliability of power supply in China could be another motivation to do this.”
The world is relying on China’s factories like never before. As one of the first economies to emerge from a pandemic induced lockdown, and as a leading producer of protective gear and medical equipment, China’s exports have soared to record levels. That’s led to surging demand for power, with November consumption up 9.4% over the previous year, the highest level in more than two years.
On top of that, colder-than-normal weather is now adding to winter demand as people heat their homes, and ice is also wreaking havoc on grid infrastructure. Meanwhile, some parts of the country are curtailing electricity to keep emissions in check. That’s left some regions without enough power during peak hours, with two expected to have lasting shortfalls.
“Weather conditions for the following months will be the key factor to determine the scale of the outage,” said Hanyang Wei, an analyst with BloombergNEF. “Peak load would drop quickly if cold weather lasts for just a few days.”
This is all happening as coal, the fuel of choice for a majority of China’s power generation, remains in short supply. The government had limited imports to support domestic miners, and imposed an unofficial ban on Australian shipments amid a diplomatic spat. But domestic supplies haven’t risen as much as needed following a recent spate of deadly mining accidents.
The post China struggles to keep the lights on amid sky-high demand appeared first on The Global Warming Policy Forum (GWPF).
via The Global Warming Policy Forum (GWPF)
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December 23, 2020 at 02:19AM


iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-23--‘Light Pollution,’ ‘Sky Pollution’ (International Dark-Sky Association fusses)

Oh please .
Of all the complaints about industrial society , one of the most peculiar is light pollution .
Just for a jingle of silliness before tomorrow ’ s ( happy ) Christmas Lights post , and a reminder that only a Malthusian can turn good news and happiness into bad and sorrow , check out this from the International Dark-Sky Association ( IDSA ) .
Their website states : Less than 100 years ago , everyone could look up and see a spectacular starry night sky .
Now , millions of children across the globe will never experience @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The increased and widespread use of artificial light at night is not only impairing our view of the universe , it is adversely affecting our environment , our safety , our energy consumption and our health .
( Of course nothing is mentioned about the light issues of industrial wind turbines… . )
Of course the IDSA does not mention that ( wholly unnecessary ) industrial wind turbines have a light issue of their own .
“ Flashing lights are particularly annoying at night , as is the bright ‘ security ’ lighting @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , ” states Paul Gipe in Wind Energy Comes of Age ( John Wiley & Sons , 1995 ) .
Continuing : The IDSA pitch about the light “ problem ” follows ( without comment ) .
Most of us are familiar with air , water , and land pollution , but did you know that light can also be a pollutant ?
The inappropriate or excessive use of artificial light – known as light pollution – can have serious environmental consequences for humans , wildlife , and our climate .
Components of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ brightening of the night sky over inhabited areas • Light trespass – light falling where it is not intended or needed The infographic above illustrates the different components of light pollution and what “ good ” lighting looks like .
( Image by Anezka Gocova , in “ The Night Issue ” , Alternatives Journal 39:5 ( 2013 ) .
Click to enlarge .
Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization .
Its sources include building exterior and interior lighting , advertising , commercial properties , offices , factories , streetlights @ @ @ @ @ @ @ fact is that much outdoor lighting used at night is inefficient , overly bright , poorly targeted , improperly shielded , and , in many cases , completely unnecessary .
This light , and the electricity used to create it , is being wasted by spilling it into the sky , rather than focusing it on to the actual objects and areas that people want illuminated .
With much of the Earth ’ s population living under light-polluted skies , over lighting is an international concern .
If you live in an urban @ @ @ @ @ @ @ do to see this type of pollution is go outside at night and look up at the sky .
According to the 2016 groundbreaking “ World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness , ” 80 percent of the world ’ s population lives under skyglow .
In the United States and Europe 99 percent of the public can ’ t experience a natural night !
If you want to find out how bad light pollution is where you live , use this interactive map created from the ” World Atlas ” data or @ @ @ @ @ @ @ bird ’ s eye view of the lights in your town .
Google Earth users can download an overlay also created from the “ World Atlas ” data .
And don ’ t forget to check out the Globe at Night interactive light pollution map data created with eight years of data collected by citizen scientists .
For three billion years , life on Earth existed in a rhythm of light and dark that was created solely by the illumination of the Sun , Moon and stars .
Now , artificial lights overpower @ @ @ @ @ @ @ night , disrupting the natural day-night pattern and shifting the delicate balance of our environment .
The negative effects of the loss of this inspirational natural resource might seem intangible .
But a growing body of evidence links the brightening night sky directly to measurable negative impacts including Light pollution affects every citizen .
Fortunately , concern about light pollution is rising dramatically .
A growing number of scientists , homeowners , environmental groups and civic leaders are taking action to restore the natural night .
Each of us can implement practical solutions @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and internationally .
Help !
… [ Be A Eco-Nanny and Eco-Snooper ] The good news is that light pollution , unlike many other forms of pollution , is reversible and each one of us can make a difference !
Just being aware that light pollution is a problem is not enough ; the need is for action .
You can start by minimizing the light from your own home at night .
You can do this by following these simple steps .
• Learn more .
Check out our Light Pollution blog @ @ @ @ @ @ @ where it ’ s needed • If safety is concern , install motion detector lights and timers • Keep your blinds drawn to keep light inside • Become a citizen scientist and helping to measure light pollution Then spread the word to your family and friends and tell them to pass it on .
Many people either don ’ t know or don ’ t understand a lot about light pollution and the negative impacts of artificial light at night .
By being an ambassador and explaining the issues to others you will @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and inspire more people to take the necessary steps to protect our natural night sky .
IDA has many valuable resources to help you including Public Outreach Materials , How to Talk to Your Neighbor , Lighting Ordinances and Residential and Business Lighting .

Oh please. Of all the complaints about industrial society, one of the most peculiar is light pollution.
Just for a jingle of silliness before tomorrow’s (happy) Christmas Lights post, and a reminder that only a Malthusian can turn good news and happiness into bad and sorrow, check out this from the International Dark-Sky Association (IDSA). Their website states:
Less than 100 years ago, everyone could look up and see a spectacular starry night sky. Now, millions of children across the globe will never experience the Milky Way where they live. The increased and widespread use of artificial light at night is not only impairing our view of the universe, it is adversely affecting our environment, our safety, our energy consumption and our health. (Of course nothing is mentioned about the light issues of industrial wind turbines….)
Of course the IDSA does not mention that (wholly unnecessary) industrial wind turbines have a light issue of their own. “Flashing lights are particularly annoying at night, as is the bright ‘security’ lighting common at wind plant substations in California,” states Paul Gipe in Wind Energy Comes of Age (John Wiley & Sons, 1995). Continuing:
For many rural residents, nightfall is a time of tranquility. Flashing strobe lights atop wind turbines or security lighting will exacerbate any annoyance the turbines’ presence causes residents. (p. 320)
The IDSA pitch about the light “problem” follows (without comment).
What is Light Pollution?
Most of us are familiar with air, water, and land pollution, but did you know that light can also be a pollutant?
The inappropriate or excessive use of artificial light – known as light pollution – can have serious environmental consequences for humans, wildlife, and our climate. Components of light pollution include:
Glare – excessive brightness that causes visual discomfort
– excessive brightness that causes visual discomfort Skyglow – brightening of the night sky over inhabited areas
– brightening of the night sky over inhabited areas Light trespass – light falling where it is not intended or needed
– light falling where it is not intended or needed Clutter – bright, confusing and excessive groupings of light sources
The infographic above illustrates the different components of light pollution and what “good” lighting looks like. (Image by Anezka Gocova, in “The Night Issue”, Alternatives Journal 39:5 (2013). Click to enlarge.
Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization. Its sources include building exterior and interior lighting, advertising, commercial properties, offices, factories, streetlights, and illuminated sporting venues.
The fact is that much outdoor lighting used at night is inefficient, overly bright, poorly targeted, improperly shielded, and, in many cases, completely unnecessary. This light, and the electricity used to create it, is being wasted by spilling it into the sky, rather than focusing it on to the actual objects and areas that people want illuminated.
How Bad is Light Pollution?
With much of the Earth’s population living under light-polluted skies, over lighting is an international concern. If you live in an urban or suburban area all you have to do to see this type of pollution is go outside at night and look up at the sky.
According to the 2016 groundbreaking “World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness,” 80 percent of the world’s population lives under skyglow. In the United States and Europe 99 percent of the public can’t experience a natural night!
If you want to find out how bad light pollution is where you live, use this interactive map created from the”World Atlas” data or the NASA Blue Marble Navigator for a bird’s eye view of the lights in your town. Google Earth users can download an overlay also created from the “World Atlas” data. And don’t forget to check out the Globe at Night interactive light pollution map data created with eight years of data collected by citizen scientists.
Effects of Light Pollution
For three billion years, life on Earth existed in a rhythm of light and dark that was created solely by the illumination of the Sun, Moon and stars. Now, artificial lights overpower the darkness and our cities glow at night, disrupting the natural day-night pattern and shifting the delicate balance of our environment. The negative effects of the loss of this inspirational natural resource might seem intangible. But a growing body of evidence links the brightening night sky directly to measurable negative impacts including
Light pollution affects every citizen. Fortunately, concern about light pollution is rising dramatically. A growing number of scientists, homeowners, environmental groups and civic leaders are taking action to restore the natural night. Each of us can implement practical solutions to combat light pollution locally, nationally and internationally.
Help! … [Be A Eco-Nanny and Eco-Snooper]
The good news is that light pollution, unlike many other forms of pollution, is reversible and each one of us can make a difference! Just being aware that light pollution is a problem is not enough; the need is for action. You can start by minimizing the light from your own home at night. You can do this by following these simple steps.
Learn more. Check out our Light Pollution blog posts
Only use lighting when and where it’s needed
If safety is concern, install motion detector lights and timers
Properly shield all outdoor lights
Keep your blinds drawn to keep light inside
Become a citizen scientist and helping to measure light pollution
Then spread the word to your family and friends and tell them to pass it on. Many people either don’t know or don’t understand a lot about light pollution and the negative impacts of artificial light at night.
By being an ambassador and explaining the issues to others you will help bring awareness to this growing problem and inspire more people to take the necessary steps to protect our natural night sky. IDA has many valuable resources to help you including Public Outreach Materials, How to Talk to Your Neighbor, Lighting Ordinances and Residential and Business Lighting.
[Please don’t!]


iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-23--Chemists describe a new form of ice

Chemists describe a new form of ice

[ and all we ’ ve been worried about is nanotech , DNA labs , and AI ] Scientists from the United States , China , and Russia have described the structure and properties of a novel hydrogen clathrate hydrate that forms at room temperature and relatively low pressure .
Hydrogen hydrates are a potential solution for hydrogen storage and transportation , the most environmentally friendly fuel .
The research was published in the journal Physical Review Letters .
Ice is a highly complex substance with multiple polymorphic modifications that keep growing in number as scientists make discoveries .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ too : for example , hydrogen bonds become symmetric at high pressures , making it impossible to distinguish a single water molecule , whereas low pressures cause proton disorder , placing water molecules in many possible spatial orientations within the crystal structure .
The ice around us , including snowflakes , is always proton-disordered .
Ice can incorporate xenon , chlorine , carbon dioxide , or methane molecules and form gas hydrates , which often have a different structure from pure ice .
The vast bulk of Earth ’ s natural gas exists @ @ @ @ @ @ @ In their new study , chemists from the United States , China , and Russia focused on hydrogen hydrates .
Gas hydrates hold great interest both for theoretical research and practical applications , such as hydrogen storage .
If stored in its natural form , hydrogen poses an explosion hazard , whereas density is way too low even in compressed hydrogen .
That is why scientists are looking for cost-effective hydrogen storage solutions .
“ This is not the first time we turn to hydrogen hydrates .
In our previous research , we @ @ @ @ @ @ @ hydrogen molecules per water molecule .
Unfortunately , this exceptional hydrate can only exist at pressures above 380,000 atmospheres , which is easy to achieve in the lab but is hardly usable in practical applications .
Our new paper describes hydrates that contain less hydrogen but can exist at much lower pressures , ” Skoltech professor Artem R. Oganov says .
The crystal structure of hydrogen hydrates strongly depends on pressure .
At low pressures , it has large cavities which , according to Oganov , resemble Chinese lanterns , each accommodating hydrogen @ @ @ @ @ @ @ structure becomes denser , with more hydrogen molecules packed into the crystal structure , although their degrees of freedom become significantly fewer .
In their research published in the Physical Review Letters , the scientists from the Carnegie Institution of Washington ( USA ) and the Institute of Solid State Physics in Hefei ( China ) led by Alexander F. Goncharov , a Professor at these two institutions , performed experiments to study the properties of various hydrogen hydrates and discovered an unusual hydrate with 3 water molecules per hydrogen molecule .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ USPEX evolutionary algorithm developed by Oganov and his students to puzzle out the compound ’ s structure responsible for its peculiar behavior .
The researchers simulated the experiment ’ s conditions and found a new structure very similar to the known proton-ordered C1 hydrate but differing from C1 in water molecule orientations .
The team showed that proton disorder should occur at room temperature , thus explaining the X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrum data obtained in the experiment .

[and all we’ve been worried about is nanotech, DNA labs, and AI]
SKOLKOVO INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (SKOLTECH)
Research News
IMAGE: A NOVEL HYDROGEN CLATHRATE HYDRATE view more CREDIT: PAVEL ODINEV / SKOLTECH
Scientists from the United States, China, and Russia have described the structure and properties of a novel hydrogen clathrate hydrate that forms at room temperature and relatively low pressure. Hydrogen hydrates are a potential solution for hydrogen storage and transportation, the most environmentally friendly fuel. The research was published in the journal Physical Review Letters.
Ice is a highly complex substance with multiple polymorphic modifications that keep growing in number as scientists make discoveries. The physical properties of ice vary greatly, too: for example, hydrogen bonds become symmetric at high pressures, making it impossible to distinguish a single water molecule, whereas low pressures cause proton disorder, placing water molecules in many possible spatial orientations within the crystal structure. The ice around us, including snowflakes, is always proton-disordered. Ice can incorporate xenon, chlorine, carbon dioxide, or methane molecules and form gas hydrates, which often have a different structure from pure ice. The vast bulk of Earth’s natural gas exists in the form of gas hydrates.
In their new study, chemists from the United States, China, and Russia focused on hydrogen hydrates. Gas hydrates hold great interest both for theoretical research and practical applications, such as hydrogen storage. If stored in its natural form, hydrogen poses an explosion hazard, whereas density is way too low even in compressed hydrogen. That is why scientists are looking for cost-effective hydrogen storage solutions.
“This is not the first time we turn to hydrogen hydrates. In our previous research, we predicted a novel hydrogen hydrate with 2 hydrogen molecules per water molecule. Unfortunately, this exceptional hydrate can only exist at pressures above 380,000 atmospheres, which is easy to achieve in the lab but is hardly usable in practical applications. Our new paper describes hydrates that contain less hydrogen but can exist at much lower pressures,” Skoltech professor Artem R. Oganov says.
The crystal structure of hydrogen hydrates strongly depends on pressure. At low pressures, it has large cavities which, according to Oganov, resemble Chinese lanterns, each accommodating hydrogen molecules. As pressure increases, the structure becomes denser, with more hydrogen molecules packed into the crystal structure, although their degrees of freedom become significantly fewer.
In their research published in the Physical Review Letters, the scientists from the Carnegie Institution of Washington (USA) and the Institute of Solid State Physics in Hefei (China) led by Alexander F. Goncharov, a Professor at these two institutions, performed experiments to study the properties of various hydrogen hydrates and discovered an unusual hydrate with 3 water molecules per hydrogen molecule. The team led by Professor Oganov used the USPEX evolutionary algorithm developed by Oganov and his students to puzzle out the compound’s structure responsible for its peculiar behavior. The researchers simulated the experiment’s conditions and found a new structure very similar to the known proton-ordered C1 hydrate but differing from C1 in water molecule orientations. The team showed that proton disorder should occur at room temperature, thus explaining the X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrum data obtained in the experiment.
###
From EurekAlert!
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iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-23--Merry Christmas to Stop These Things’ Followers & Happy Eighth Birthday to STT

Merry Christmas and Season ’ s Greetings to all of our dedicated followers , all around the World .
And Happy Birthday to the team at STT : Boxing Day 2020 marks 8 years of giving the wind industry , its parasites and spruikers hell .
We ’ ve clocked over 4.4 million views and given our loyal readers 2,943 posts , which lay out the greatest economic and environmental fraud of all time : wind power .
We keep picking up dedicated followers from all corners of the globe , including a bunch of canny Scots , Canadians , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Cornish , Finns , Danes , Germans , Greeks , South Africans and plenty from Downunder .
Those that watch us include political staffers and journos .
STT ’ s posts are a staple diet for plenty of Liberal , National and Cross-Bench Senators , and their staffers , who have been using it as a trusted reference tool for their speeches , media releases etc for years now .
Then there are our legion of loyal followers in rural communities all over the Globe .
Pro-farming , pro-fishing , pro-community and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ informed and organised , and more vocal and hostile , than ever before .
STT would like to think that we ’ ve helped these dedicated individuals and groups a little , by providing them with the kind of factual ammunition that cuts directly across the treachery , lies and deceit – which are the wind industry ’ s tools-in-trade .
STT was set up as a sanctuary , where the people who have been tragically impacted by – or who are fighting the threat of – giant industrial wind turbines can speak @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of vilification or ridicule .
And that ’ s something we have no intention of changing any time soon .
This site is and will remain a troll free zone .
We think compassion and empathy far greater virtues than that odious form of self-righteous condescension , which is the trademark of virtue signalling zealots , the world over .
STT thanks its loyal band of followers We know that you are using STT to help spread the message .
But that message is delivered with the help of our thousands of followers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ thanks to our many operatives here and around the Globe .
People who keep us abreast of events , battles and victories .
Plenty of what we do is based on what our growing band of STT Champions sends us , so please keep the Tweets , Facebook posts , comments and emails coming in 2021 .
Once reasonable people are introduced to the facts about the insane costs of intermittent and unreliable wind power , they cease to support it .
In our travels we ’ ve met plenty of people that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and turned against it .
But we ’ ve yet to meet anyone who started out opposed to wind power , who later became a supporter .
Funny about that .
Hard-working , decent , rural people throughout the world keep fighting back – out to obtain sensible energy policies that support growth , development and vibrant , prosperous rural communities .
These are entirely reasonable people who have tumbled to the fact that they have been lined up as “ road-kill ” by their political betters to suffer the consequences of a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ utterly unreliable , intermittent power source – that can only survive on a raft of massive subsidies ; kills millions of birds and bats ; destroys communities ; drives people from their homes ; and otherwise makes life misery for thousands around the world .
These people are out to smash a “ policy ” that – in a few years ’ time , when it all inevitably collapses – will be revealed for what it is : an enormous government-backed Ponzi scheme , the foundations for which are greed and stupidity ; @ @ @ @ @ @ @ can only be described as a circus of the bizarre .
As we say good riddance to 2020 , STT plans to box up our festive loot , head bush and put our boots up for a while .
STT hopes you all have a great Christmas and that you ’ re all ready to take it up to them in 2021 .
We are !
Thanks for your support .
Together , we will prevail .

Merry Christmas and Season’s Greetings to all of our dedicated followers, all around the World. And Happy Birthday to the team at STT: Boxing Day 2020 marks 8 years of giving the wind industry, its parasites and spruikers hell.
We’ve clocked over 4.4 million views and given our loyal readers 2,943 posts, which lay out the greatest economic and environmental fraud of all time: wind power.
We keep picking up dedicated followers from all corners of the globe, including a bunch of canny Scots, Canadians, Americans, English, Welsh, Irish, Cornish, Finns, Danes, Germans, Greeks, South Africans and plenty from Downunder.
Those that watch us include political staffers and journos. STT’s posts are a staple diet for plenty of Liberal, National and Cross-Bench Senators, and their staffers, who have been using it as a trusted reference tool for their speeches, media releases etc for years now.
Then there are our legion of loyal followers in rural communities all over the Globe.
Pro-farming, pro-fishing, pro-community and pro-reliable and affordable power groups are better informed and organised, and more vocal and hostile, than ever before.
STT would like to think that we’ve helped these dedicated individuals and groups a little, by providing them with the kind of factual ammunition that cuts directly across the treachery, lies and deceit – which are the wind industry’s tools-in-trade.
STT was set up as a sanctuary, where the people who have been tragically impacted by – or who are fighting the threat of – giant industrial wind turbines can speak openly and freely – and without fear of vilification or ridicule. And that’s something we have no intention of changing any time soon. This site is and will remain a troll free zone.
We think compassion and empathy far greater virtues than that odious form of self-righteous condescension, which is the trademark of virtue signalling zealots, the world over.
STT thanks its loyal band of followers
We know that you are using STT to help spread the message. But that message is delivered with the help of our thousands of followers and supporters.
So, we say thanks to our many operatives here and around the Globe. People who keep us abreast of events, battles and victories. Plenty of what we do is based on what our growing band of STT Champions sends us, so please keep the Tweets, Facebook posts, comments and emails coming in 2021.
Once reasonable people are introduced to the facts about the insane costs of intermittent and unreliable wind power, they cease to support it.
In our travels we’ve met plenty of people that started out in favour of wind power and turned against it. But we’ve yet to meet anyone who started out opposed to wind power, who later became a supporter. Funny about that.
Hard-working, decent, rural people throughout the world keep fighting back – out to obtain sensible energy policies that support growth, development and vibrant, prosperous rural communities.
These are entirely reasonable people who have tumbled to the fact that they have been lined up as “road-kill” by their political betters to suffer the consequences of a policy built around an insanely expensive, utterly unreliable, intermittent power source – that can only survive on a raft of massive subsidies; kills millions of birds and bats; destroys communities; drives people from their homes; and otherwise makes life misery for thousands around the world.
These people are out to smash a “policy” that – in a few years’ time, when it all inevitably collapses – will be revealed for what it is: an enormous government-backed Ponzi scheme, the foundations for which are greed and stupidity; and the “justification” for which can only be described as a circus of the bizarre.
Time for a little break
As we say good riddance to 2020, STT plans to box up our festive loot, head bush and put our boots up for a while.
STT hopes you all have a great Christmas and that you’re all ready to take it up to them in 2021. We are!
Thanks for your support. Together, we will prevail.


iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-23--Ocean SST Temperatures, what do we really know?

This is the last in my current series of posts on ocean temperatures .
In our previous posts we compared land-based measurements to sea-surface temperatures ( SSTs ) and discussed problems and contradictions in the land-based measurements ( see here ) .
This first post was overly long and complicated , but I needed to lay a foundation before getting to the interesting stuff .
Next , we covered the basic thermal structure of the ocean and how it circulates its enormous heat content around the world ( see here ) .
This was followed by a description of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ here .
The ocean skin is where evaporation takes place and it is where many solar radiation wavelengths , especially the longer infrared wavelengths emitted by CO , are absorbed , then evaporated away , or reflected .
The next post covered the mixed layer , which is a layer of uniform temperature just under the skin layer .
The mixed layer sits above the thermocline where water temperature begins to drop rapidly .
The next post discussed the differences between various estimates of SST , the data used and the problems with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ emphasis was on the two main datasets , HadSST and NOAA ’ s ERSST .
The most recent post discusses SST anomalies , the logic was , if all the measurements are from just below the ocean surface , why are anomalies needed ?
Why can ’ t we simply use the measurements , corrected to a useful depth , like 20 cm ?
The theme of all the posts is to keep the analysis as close to the measurements as possible .
Too many corrections and data manipulations confuse the interpretation , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ homogenize the measurements to such an extent that we get a false sense of confidence in the result .
This illusion of accuracy , due to over-processing data , is discussed by William Brigg ’ s here .
His post is on smoothing data , but the arguments apply to homogenizing temperatures , creating anomalies from the mean , of bias correcting measurements utilizing statistical techniques .
All these processes make “ the data look better ” and give us a false sense of confidence .
We come away not knowing how much @ @ @ @ @ @ @ due to the corrections and data manipulation and how much are due to the underlying measurements .
We progressed step-by-step though all the processing we could and examined what the temperatures looked like at every step .
We are trying to pull back the wizard ’ s curtain , as much as possible , but probably not as well as Toto .
The data used in all these posts , except the earliest posts on the land measurements in CONUS ( the conterminous United States , or the “ lower 48 ” ) @ @ @ @ @ @ @ grids .
Gridding the measurements is needed globally because the measurements are mostly concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere , and very sparse elsewhere and in both polar regions .
As we ’ ve previously shown , Northern Hemisphere temperatures are anomalous , the rest of world is much less variable in its surface temperature .
See here for a discussion of this and some graphs .
See this post by Renee Hannon and this one by the same author , for more detail on hemispheric variations in temperature trends .
While gridding is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ misleading , in areas like the United States , that are well covered with good weather stations , to produce a global average SST , we need to grid the available data .
This is not to say that gridding replaces good measurements or improves the measurements , just that with the data we have it is necessary .
Each grid cell represents a different area of the ocean .
The difference is a function only of latitude .
Each degree of latitude is 111 km .
A degree of longitude at the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ decreases to zero at the poles .
So , to compute the area of each grid cell we only need to know the latitude of the cell and size of the grid cells in latitude and longitude .
The solution is provided and derived by Dr .
Math ( National Council of Teachers of Mathematics ) , here .
I won ’ t interrupt the narrative with an equation , but the R code linked at the bottom of the post shows the equation and how it was used .
It might seem @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to the data last , but I honestly wanted to see if it made much difference .
It turns out to make a substantial difference in the computed average temperature , but little difference in the trends .
Below in Figure 1 is the original figure from the mixed-layer post , comparing various estimates of SST and the mixed layer global average temperature .
Normally , especially at night , the mixed layer and the SST are very close to one another , so plotting them all together is valid .
Figure 1 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ SST global temperature estimates from the mixed layer post .
For an explanation of the plot see the post here .
The curves in Figure 1 are all corrected to a depth between 20 cm .
to one meter .
They are grid averages , that is averages of gridded values , but they are not corrected for the area represented by each grid value .
Figure 2 is the same graph but constructed with area-weighted grid cell values .
We ’ ve also added one new curve , the NOAA ERSST curve @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to null values in the HadSST dataset .
That way we are comparing ERSST and HadSST over the same global ocean areas .
The normal ERSST dataset ( the lower green line in Figure 1 and the lower brown line in Figure 2 ) uses interpolation and extrapolation to populate grid cells that have insufficient data , these cells are null in HadSST .
At first glance the two graphs look very similar but notice the vertical scale has changed .
Everything is shift up two to four degrees since the polar regions @ @ @ @ @ @ @ NOAA ICOADS SST line is in the same place since it was already area corrected .
It is also the line that is closest to the measurements , the processes used to make this line are much simpler and less complicated than those used by HadSST and ERSST .
The difference between HadSST and ERSST is still there , but smaller .
These two temperature records use similar data , but , as described above , their gridding is different and they cover different areas .
Once the ERSST grid is “ masked @ @ @ @ @ @ @ pops up to 22 degrees , from 18.2 .
Figure 2 .
This is the same plot as in Figure 1 , except all the grid values in the records are weighted by the grid cell areas they represent .
Notice the vertical scale has changed .
The NOAA MIMOC and University of Hamburg multiyear grid averages plot on top of the NOAA ERSST record in both plots , but are warmer by about 4.5°C after applying the area weighting algorithm .
NOAA MIMOC and the University of Hamburg create their grids using @ @ @ @ @ @ @ so they populate much more of their grid than the single year datasets .
They also weight Argo and buoy data heavily , just like NOAA ERSST .
As we saw with the unweighted data in the last post , The HadSST measured temperatures trend downward .
When the ERSST grid is masked with the HadSST nulls , it also trends downward .
This is seen in Figure 3 .
Figure 3 .
Declining SSTs over the HadSST covered area are apparent in both the HadSST and ERSST datasets .
The HadSST dataset @ @ @ @ @ @ @ exist to compute one , they do not extrapolate data into adjoining grid cells like ERSST .
Thus , the HadSST data represents the portion of the ocean with the best data , and this area is clearly declining in temperature , when only the measurements are used .
The ERSST suggests a decline of 2.5 degrees/century .
The HadSST decline is 1.6 degrees/century .
The ERSST line , with no mask applied ( Figure 2 ) , has an increasing trend of 1.6 degrees/century .
Thus , the interpolated and extrapolated areas @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the cells with the best data .
As we saw in the last post and show again in this post as Figure 4 , the HadSST and ERSST anomalies show none of the complexity it took six posts to cover .
They show a joint trend of warming , of about 1.7 degrees/century .
The best way to analyze data is to use the absolute minimum statistical manipulation required present it in usable form .
Every correction , every computation , all smoothing operations , every gridding step must be fully justified @ @ @ @ @ @ @ scientific and engineering life today that our colleagues are forever coming up with “ this must be corrected for , ” that must be corrected for , ” and so on .
Little thought is given to how the corrections affect our perception of the resulting graphs and maps .
With enough corrections one can turn a pile of manure into a castle but is it really a castle ?
I had a boss once who was very smart , he eventually became the CEO and chairman of the board of the company @ @ @ @ @ @ @ younger then and I was one of the scientists in the peanut gallery who kept asking “ What about this ?
” “ What about that , have you corrected for these things ?
” My boss would say , “ Let ’ s not out-science ourselves .
What does the data say , as it is ?
” After he became CEO , he sold the company for five times the average strike price of my accumulated stock options .
I was still a scientist , albeit a wealthy one .
He @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Briggs .
Study the raw data , keep it close to you , don ’ t “ out-science ” yourself .
I reprocessed a lot of data to make this post , I think I did it correctly , but I do make mistakes .
For those that want to check my work , you can find my new area-weighting R code here .
None of this is in my new book Politics and Climate Change : A History but buy it anyway .

By Andy May
This is the last in my current series of posts on ocean temperatures. In our previous posts we compared land-based measurements to sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and discussed problems and contradictions in the land-based measurements (see here). This first post was overly long and complicated, but I needed to lay a foundation before getting to the interesting stuff. Next, we covered the basic thermal structure of the ocean and how it circulates its enormous heat content around the world (see here). This was followed by a description of the ocean surface or “skin” layer here. The ocean skin is where evaporation takes place and it is where many solar radiation wavelengths, especially the longer infrared wavelengths emitted by CO 2 , are absorbed, then evaporated away, or reflected.
The next post covered the mixed layer, which is a layer of uniform temperature just under the skin layer. The mixed layer sits above the thermocline where water temperature begins to drop rapidly. The next post discussed the differences between various estimates of SST, the data used and the problems with the measurements and the corrections. The emphasis was on the two main datasets, HadSST and NOAA’s ERSST. The most recent post discusses SST anomalies, the logic was, if all the measurements are from just below the ocean surface, why are anomalies needed? Why can’t we simply use the measurements, corrected to a useful depth, like 20 cm?
The theme of all the posts is to keep the analysis as close to the measurements as possible. Too many corrections and data manipulations confuse the interpretation, remove us from the measurements, and homogenize the measurements to such an extent that we get a false sense of confidence in the result. This illusion of accuracy, due to over-processing data, is discussed by William Brigg’s here. His post is on smoothing data, but the arguments apply to homogenizing temperatures, creating anomalies from the mean, of bias correcting measurements utilizing statistical techniques. All these processes make “the data look better” and give us a false sense of confidence. We come away not knowing how much of the resulting graphs and maps are due to the corrections and data manipulation and how much are due to the underlying measurements. We progressed step-by-step though all the processing we could and examined what the temperatures looked like at every step. We are trying to pull back the wizard’s curtain, as much as possible, but probably not as well as Toto.
Area-Weighting
The data used in all these posts, except the earliest posts on the land measurements in CONUS (the conterminous United States, or the “lower 48”), were all from latitude and longitude grids. Gridding the measurements is needed globally because the measurements are mostly concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere, and very sparse elsewhere and in both polar regions. As we’ve previously shown, Northern Hemisphere temperatures are anomalous, the rest of world is much less variable in its surface temperature. See here for a discussion of this and some graphs. See this post by Renee Hannon and this one by the same author, for more detail on hemispheric variations in temperature trends.
While gridding is probably not necessary, and may be misleading, in areas like the United States, that are well covered with good weather stations, to produce a global average SST, we need to grid the available data. This is not to say that gridding replaces good measurements or improves the measurements, just that with the data we have it is necessary.
Each grid cell represents a different area of the ocean. The difference is a function only of latitude. Each degree of latitude is 111 km. A degree of longitude at the equator is also 111 km. but decreases to zero at the poles. So, to compute the area of each grid cell we only need to know the latitude of the cell and size of the grid cells in latitude and longitude. The solution is provided and derived by Dr. Math (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics), here. I won’t interrupt the narrative with an equation, but the R code linked at the bottom of the post shows the equation and how it was used.
It might seem odd to do such an obvious correction to the data last, but I honestly wanted to see if it made much difference. It turns out to make a substantial difference in the computed average temperature, but little difference in the trends. Below in Figure 1 is the original figure from the mixed-layer post, comparing various estimates of SST and the mixed layer global average temperature. Normally, especially at night, the mixed layer and the SST are very close to one another, so plotting them all together is valid.
Figure 1. The comparison of mixed layer and SST global temperature estimates from the mixed layer post. For an explanation of the plot see the post here.
The curves in Figure 1 are all corrected to a depth between 20 cm. to one meter. They are grid averages, that is averages of gridded values, but they are not corrected for the area represented by each grid value. Figure 2 is the same graph but constructed with area-weighted grid cell values. We’ve also added one new curve, the NOAA ERSST curve, after nulling the ERSST values corresponding to null values in the HadSST dataset. That way we are comparing ERSST and HadSST over the same global ocean areas. The normal ERSST dataset (the lower green line in Figure 1 and the lower brown line in Figure 2) uses interpolation and extrapolation to populate grid cells that have insufficient data, these cells are null in HadSST.
At first glance the two graphs look very similar but notice the vertical scale has changed. Everything is shift up two to four degrees since the polar regions have cells with smaller areas. The NOAA ICOADS SST line is in the same place since it was already area corrected. It is also the line that is closest to the measurements, the processes used to make this line are much simpler and less complicated than those used by HadSST and ERSST. The difference between HadSST and ERSST is still there, but smaller. These two temperature records use similar data, but, as described above, their gridding is different and they cover different areas. Once the ERSST grid is “masked” to conform with HadSST, it pops up to 22 degrees, from 18.2.
Figure 2. This is the same plot as in Figure 1, except all the grid values in the records are weighted by the grid cell areas they represent. Notice the vertical scale has changed.
The NOAA MIMOC and University of Hamburg multiyear grid averages plot on top of the NOAA ERSST record in both plots, but are warmer by about 4.5°C after applying the area weighting algorithm. NOAA MIMOC and the University of Hamburg create their grids using more than 12 years of data, so they populate much more of their grid than the single year datasets. They also weight Argo and buoy data heavily, just like NOAA ERSST.
As we saw with the unweighted data in the last post, The HadSST measured temperatures trend downward. When the ERSST grid is masked with the HadSST nulls, it also trends downward. This is seen in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Declining SSTs over the HadSST covered area are apparent in both the HadSST and ERSST datasets.
The HadSST dataset only has grid values where sufficient measurements exist to compute one, they do not extrapolate data into adjoining grid cells like ERSST. Thus, the HadSST data represents the portion of the ocean with the best data, and this area is clearly declining in temperature, when only the measurements are used. The ERSST suggests a decline of 2.5 degrees/century. The HadSST decline is 1.6 degrees/century.
The ERSST line, with no mask applied (Figure 2), has an increasing trend of 1.6 degrees/century. Thus, the interpolated and extrapolated areas show warming that does not show up in the cells with the best data. As we saw in the last post and show again in this post as Figure 4, the HadSST and ERSST anomalies show none of the complexity it took six posts to cover. They show a joint trend of warming, of about 1.7 degrees/century.
Figure 4. The HadSST and ERSST anomalies.
Conclusions
The best way to analyze data is to use the absolute minimum statistical manipulation required present it in usable form. Every correction, every computation, all smoothing operations, every gridding step must be fully justified. It is an unfortunate fact of scientific and engineering life today that our colleagues are forever coming up with “this must be corrected for,” that must be corrected for,” and so on. Little thought is given to how the corrections affect our perception of the resulting graphs and maps. With enough corrections one can turn a pile of manure into a castle but is it really a castle?
I had a boss once who was very smart, he eventually became the CEO and chairman of the board of the company we worked for. I was much younger then and I was one of the scientists in the peanut gallery who kept asking “What about this?” “What about that, have you corrected for these things?” My boss would say, “Let’s not out-science ourselves. What does the data say, as it is?” After he became CEO, he sold the company for five times the average strike price of my accumulated stock options. I was still a scientist, albeit a wealthy one. He was right, so is Dr. William Briggs. Study the raw data, keep it close to you, don’t “out-science” yourself.
I reprocessed a lot of data to make this post, I think I did it correctly, but I do make mistakes. For those that want to check my work, you can find my new area-weighting R code here.
None of this is in my new book Politics and Climate Change: A History but buy it anyway.
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iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-23--Spiegel Article By Stefan Rahmstorf Has “Nothing In The Least To Do With Science”…”Embarrassing”

The world is going underwater ?
…Really ?
“ Der Spiegel ” has an in-house columnist on climate issues : Stefan Rahmstorf from PIK Potsdam .
His latest prank : “ Why the sea level is rising faster and faster “ .
He writes in the introduction , citing data : We want to check this and find something : the European data from “ Copernicus ” .
They cover the period from 1993 to March 2020 , so they are very recent .
Now we search for the trend increase claimed by Rahmstorf and calculate 5-year trends of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ plotted on the abscissa : Indeed we find the trend increase : if the 5-year trends were quite accurate at 3 mm/year until 2003 , they dropped until 2011 , after which they increased to the value Rahmstorf mentioned until 2015 , but then dropped again to the just a little above the 3mm/year they already had at the beginning .
Has the long-term trend changed ?
No , From 1993 to now it is quite exactly 3 mm/year .
Does internal variability play into it , which influences the ( in terms @ @ @ @ @ @ @ set of 1993-2019 ( complete years ) in such a way that one can interpret all sorts of things into it , if one wants to ?
We find a hint where Rahmstorf linked to the data , but we have to look into the past of the website of the University of Colorado : In 2013 ( after a strong La Nina event in 2012 ) it was shown there how the sea level rise depends on La Nina and El Nino ( ENSO for short ) .
After the La Nina @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Nino in 2016 , so this explains the peak in the top image .
What Rahmstorf calls a “ consequence of fossil energy use ” ( namely the trend increase of sea level rise ) in a bold subheading of his “ Spiegel ” article is in reality the consequence of natural ENSO variability ?
We can ’ t accept this from a serious oceanographer ( his job title ) .
We therefore look into peer-reviewed science and come across a very recent paper ( Iz & Shum 2020 ) in the Journal @ @ @ @ @ @ @ much more meticulously than we have been able to do with the data set of satellite-based observations of sea level and find plenty of natural forcing variables that belie some acceleration in the short data set .
The authors end by advising that assessments of future trends should be “ undertaken with extreme caution.
” Rahmstorf does not do this when he later concludes , “ Houston , we have a problem.
” What follows from Rahmstorf is the ever familiar narrative : tipping points of Greenland ice , etc .
etc.. Again @ @ @ @ @ @ @ can write something like that , but it has nothing in the least to do with science .
The “ Spiegel ” should correctly mark the article of Rahmstorf as “ a citizen ’ s opinion ” because it is nothing more .
He neither reports the state of science nor shows the uncertainties of his own conclusions .

By Die kalte Sonne
(Translated/edited, subheadings by P. Gosselin)
“Der Spiegel” has an in-house columnist on climate issues: Stefan Rahmstorf from PIK Potsdam. His latest prank: “Why the sea level is rising faster and faster“. He writes in the introduction, citing data:
The rate of rise has doubled during this period, from 2.1 to 4.8 mm per year.”
We want to check this and find something: the European data from “Copernicus”. They cover the period from 1993 to March 2020, so they are very recent. Now we search for the trend increase claimed by Rahmstorf and calculate 5-year trends of the global measured values up to the year plotted on the abscissa:
Fact: No long term trend change
Indeed we find the trend increase: if the 5-year trends were quite accurate at 3 mm/year until 2003, they dropped until 2011, after which they increased to the value Rahmstorf mentioned until 2015, but then dropped again to the just a little above the 3mm/year they already had at the beginning.
Has the long-term trend changed? No, From 1993 to now it is quite exactly 3 mm/year.
Rahmstorf shady use of statistics
Does internal variability play into it, which influences the (in terms of climate) still rather short data set of 1993-2019 (complete years) in such a way that one can interpret all sorts of things into it, if one wants to?
We find a hint where Rahmstorf linked to the data, but we have to look into the past of the website of the University of Colorado:
No serious oceanographer
In 2013 (after a strong La Nina event in 2012) it was shown there how the sea level rise depends on La Nina and El Nino (ENSO for short).
After the La Nina in 2012, there was an El Nino in 2016, so this explains the peak in the top image. What Rahmstorf calls a “consequence of fossil energy use” (namely the trend increase of sea level rise) in a bold subheading of his “Spiegel” article is in reality the consequence of natural ENSO variability? We can’t accept this from a serious oceanographer (his job title).
New peer reviewed paper contradicts Rahmtorf
We therefore look into peer-reviewed science and come across a very recent paper (Iz & Shum 2020) in the Journal of Geodetic Science. The authors examine much more meticulously than we have been able to do with the data set of satellite-based observations of sea level and find plenty of natural forcing variables that belie some acceleration in the short data set.
The authors end by advising that assessments of future trends should be “undertaken with extreme caution.”
Rahmstorf does not do this when he later concludes, “Houston, we have a problem.” What follows from Rahmstorf is the ever familiar narrative: tipping points of Greenland ice, etc. etc.. Again he ends with the well-known:
The next two decades will determine how many island nations will sink and how many coastal cities will be flooded.”
You can write something like that, but it has nothing in the least to do with science.
Sloppy journalism by Spiegel? “Embarrassing”
The “Spiegel” should correctly mark the article of Rahmstorf as “a citizen’s opinion” because it is nothing more. He neither reports the state of science nor shows the uncertainties of his own conclusions.
Embarrassing for an oceanographer.
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December 23, 2020 at 01:03PM


iowaclimatescienceeducation--2020-12-23--WHO continues to go full Ministry of Truth

The climate wars which reached fever pitch a decade ago gave us a window into this sort of behavior by @ @ @ @ @ and new media have given us additional insight into the unrepentant behavior of those who @ @ @ @ @ our own good .
I can not overstate my disgust with those who have completely @ @ @ @ @ medical establishment .
God help us if something serious actually occurs .
Here is the @ @ @ @ @ to further their agenda .
Orwell did not envisage how simple it would be for @ @ @ @ @ rewrite history when it ’ s on the Internet .
Here is the current page @ @ @ @ @ Notice in this video embedded on the page , this lying bureaucrat claims : “ @ @ @ @ @ and postulate a case fatality rate of 1 % .

‘Who controls the past, controls the future: who controls the present controls the past’. Orwell’s 1984
The climate wars which reached fever pitch a decade ago gave us a window into this sort of behavior by government bureaucrats.
The Internet and new media have given us additional insight into the unrepentant behavior of those who would lie to us for our own good. I cannot overstate my disgust with those who have completely destroyed the credibility of the medical establishment.
God help us if something serious actually occurs.
Here is the WHO rewriting history and definitions to further their agenda.
Orwell did not envisage how simple it would be for the Ministry of Truth to rewrite history when it’s on the Internet.
Here is the current page where this content resides.
Notice in this video embedded on the page, this lying bureaucrat claims: “We have no therapeutics” and postulate a case fatality rate of 1%.
HT/@DrEliDavid
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