npr--2020-06-27--Essential Vocab For COVID-19: From Asymptomatic To Zoonotic

Essential Vocab For COVID-19 : From Asymptomatic To Zoonotic The world is being flooded with new terms in coverage of the COVID-19 global pandemic .
Here 's a glossary in case you 're not up on the latest medical and testing jargon .
We start with the nomenclature of the virus .
Words are listed in thematic groupings ( transmission and testing , for example ) .
Coronavirus : A category of viruses that can cause fever , breathing difficulties , pneumonia and diarrhea .
Seven coronaviruses are known to infect humans , including four that can cause the common @ @ @ @ @ @ @ The name comes from the Latin word `` corona , '' which means crown .
Under a microscope , these viruses are characterized by circles with spikes ending in little blobs .
Researchers have identified hundreds of coronaviruses in animals , such as camels , pigs , cats and bats , that are usually not transmissible to humans .
In rare instances , a coronavirus mutates and can pass from animals to humans and then spread among people , as was the case with the SARS ( severe acute respiratory syndrome ) epidemic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the COVID-19 pandemic .
SARS-COV-2 aka `` novel coronavirus '' : The name for the virus that has spread rapidly around the world , causing infections in millions of people .
The numeral `` 2 '' is meant to distinguish this coronavirus from the virus that caused the SARS epidemic .
COVID-19 : The name of the disease that can be caused by SARS-COV-2 .
It stands for `` coronavirus disease 2019 , '' as doctors in Wuhan , China , first discovered patients ill with the disease in late 2019 .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of effects that researchers are still working to uncover .
The evolving list of symptoms is broad , including : fever , dry cough , shortness of breath , headaches , chills , muscle pain , fatigue , diarrhea , nausea , vomiting and loss of taste or smell .
Not every patient displays the full range of symptoms .
Epidemic : A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a particular geographic area beyond the number health officials typically expect .
An increase in a relatively small geographic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ people may be called an `` outbreak . ''
The difference between an outbreak , an epidemic and a pandemic is subjective and depends on the opinions of scientists and health officials .
Pandemic : `` An epidemic occurring worldwide , or over a very wide area , crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people , '' according to A Dictionary of Epidemiology .
The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on March 11 , 2020 , describing it as `` the first pandemic caused by a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ virus gets from one individual to the next .
In the case of SARS-COV-2 , researchers think the virus is primarily spread via the respiratory route , through close contact with an infected person , whose virus-laden droplets are expelled from the nose or mouth and find their way into the eyes , noses and mouths of others .
Other possible routes of transmission , currently under investigation , include touching virus-contaminated surfaces and then introducing those germs to one 's eyes , nose or mouth ; or breathing in clouds of tiny @ @ @ @ @ @ @ be traveling on air currents .
Aerosolized virus particles : Smaller than droplets , these particles can be expelled by an infected individual .
They hang in the air longer than larger droplets , which tend to fall due to gravity .
But their role in transmission of COVID-19 is not yet clear .
Rate of transmission ( RT ) : The average number of people each coronavirus carrier goes on to infect — officially called the `` effective reproductive number . ''
If each subsequent generation of new infections decreases ( if @ @ @ @ @ @ @ eventually disappears .
An area 's transmission rate depends on local policies and how people behave .
`` We can think of transmission risk with a simple phrase : time , space , people , place , '' Dr. William Miller , an epidemiologist at Ohio State University , told NPR .
The more time a person spends in close spatial proximity to infected people , the higher the likelihood that the virus will spread .
Interacting with more people raises the risk , and indoor places are riskier than the outdoors .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ people acquire immunity to the virus , because the virus then runs out of new people to infect .
( A related term , R0 — pronounced `` r nought '' — is the average rate of transmission in a population where no one has previously been affected . )
Superspreading event : When a person infected with a pathogen passes it on to an unusually high number of people .
With COVID-19 , large case clusters have resulted from business conferences , choir practices , funerals , family gatherings and cruises , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ superspreading events during the MERS outbreak say there are several possible reasons why these events emerge .
Sometimes the virus may mutate to become more contagious .
Or some people just exhale more virus from their lungs .
Viral shedding : When an infected person releases viral particles from their bodies , which may or may not be contagious depending on the stage of infection .
This can happen through activities like breathing , speaking , singing , sneezing and coughing .
For SARS-COV-2 , researchers are measuring the length of time an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ samples from infected people over time .
An early study found that COVID-19 patients shed the virus for an average of 20 days .
People also appear to shed the highest amounts of virus around the time symptoms first appear .
Fomite : An object covered with virus particles , possibly because someone recently sneezed or coughed respiratory droplets onto it .
A countertop or a phone could become fomites if contaminated — and serve as a potential source for `` indirect '' transmission if a person touches the virus-covered surface and then @ @ @ @ @ @ @ nose or mouth .
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describes this as a `` possible '' route of coronavirus transmission but maintains that close contact between people is thought to be responsible for most new infections .
Asymptomatic : A person who is asymptomatic is infected with SARS-COV-2 but never develops any symptoms of the infection .
Researchers are working to determine how many people who get infected fit into this category — current estimates fall `` anywhere between 6 % and 41 % , '' a World Health Organization official @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is sometimes used to describe anyone who shows no symptoms at the time of testing positive for the virus but some of these individuals may actually be `` presymptomatic '' and will develop symptoms over the next few days .
Asymptomatic/presymptomatic spread : When an infected person who has no symptoms of the disease transmits the novel coronavirus to someone else .
It 's not clear how frequently people with no symptoms are spreading the virus , but researchers have documented spread from both asymptomatic and presymptomatic cases .
That is the main @ @ @ @ @ @ @ shared spaces — to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus , particularly from people who may not know they have it .
Herd immunity : The idea that if enough people in one place develop immunity to the virus , through exposure or vaccination , then the virus does n't have any new people to spread to so it burns itself out .
For COVID-19 , the percentage of people who 'd need immunity to slow the spread of the virus is estimated at 50 to 60 % .
Comorbidity : A @ @ @ @ @ @ @ risk of becoming very sick if they develop COVID-19 .
These conditions include chronic kidney disease , COPD ( chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ) , obesity , serious heart conditions and type 2 diabetes .
Other conditions that may up someone 's risk of severe COVID-19 disease include asthma , hypertension , compromised immune systems , smoking and type 1 diabetes .
Testing : A procedure to determine if the individual is , or has recently been , infected with a disease .
The most common diagnostic test for the novel coronavirus involves @ @ @ @ @ @ @ nose or throat and analyzing it for telltale signs of SARS-COV-2 viral RNA .
Other tests look for proteins from the virus , or for antibodies in blood samples .
For more information , check out NPR 's testing primer .
Positive testing rate : The percentage of people tested who are confirmed to have the coronavirus .
For SARS-COV-2 , WHO officials say a positive testing rate of 10 % or less may indicate that a community is conducting enough testing to find most cases .
Antibodies : Proteins produced by a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ infection .
In the case of the novel coronavirus , antibodies typically take about 1-3 weeks after infection to develop in measurable amounts .
Antibodies may linger in the body after infection to provide ongoing protection against an invading pathogen .
Public health officials are testing people 's blood samples for antibodies against the novel coronavirus to see if they have been infected in the recent past .
This will help researchers understand how widely the coronavirus has spread and gauge how many cases are asymptomatic .
Pool sampling : A testing strategy @ @ @ @ @ @ @ into a larger batch that is tested for the presence of the coronavirus .
If a batch tests positive , the samples would be retested individually to determine which ones contain the virus .
The expectation is that , by testing several samples in one batch , more samples could be processed more quickly , and testing resources would be conserved .
The FDA says pool sampling is most effective in populations where many negative results are expected , such as people with no symptoms of infection .
Peak : The day , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ highest number of cases or deaths reported in a given period , as seen in a day-by-day breakdown ( also called an epidemic curve ) .
It generally indicates the `` worst '' point in an epidemic — after the peak , case numbers subside .
For more , see NPR 's primer on `` When will each state peak ? ''
Rolling average : The number of new confirmed cases or deaths , averaged over a couple of days .
The duration is the researcher 's choice — different analysts have chosen @ @ @ @ @ @ @ deaths over 3 , 5 and 7 days .
The rolling average is a statistical analysis that smooths out day-to-day variations ( such as a spike in cases due to changes in how they 're reported ) and helps spot longer trends .
Also called `` moving average . ''
Second wave : A fresh crop of coronavirus infections in an area where public health officials had brought virus transmission down to low levels .
For instance , Hokkaido , Japan experienced double-digit increases in case numbers in April after reopening schools and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ have warned of a possible second wave of infections in the fall even as the country continues to battle its first wave .
Incubation period : The time from exposure to a pathogen to the time symptoms develop .
The incubation period helps determine how long a person should be quarantined to prevent the spread of infection .
For SARS-COV-2 , the median incubation period is thought to be around 5 days .
Most people who develop symptoms of COVID-19 will do so within 12 days — which is why public health officials @ @ @ @ @ @ @ thinks they 've been exposed to the novel coronavirus .
Isolation : Physically separating people who are known to be sick from those who are healthy .
Hospitals commonly put patients who are sick in isolation to prevent the spread of disease .
Quarantine : The separation or restriction of movement of individuals who appear to be healthy but may have been exposed to an infectious disease to see if they become sick .
The length of the quarantine depends on the incubation period for the disease .
During the Ebola outbreak , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
For COVID-19 , the recommended period is 14 days .
Contact tracing : Finding and notifying people who may have come into contact with a person infected with a disease so they can take measures to prevent the disease from possibly spreading .
For the novel coronavirus , the CDC defines a close contact as somebody who has spent at least 15 minutes within 6 feet of a person with a confirmed or probable case of the coronavirus .
Social distancing : Staying a certain distance from other people in indoor and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of spreading or receiving virus-laden respiratory droplets — the CDC suggests six feet .
Widespread social distancing has been credited with reducing virus transmission in multiple countries .
Also referred to as `` physical distancing . ''
Zoonosis : Any disease that spreads from animals to people .
The animals can range from tiny ticks to lumbering cattle .
COVID-19 is considered a zoonotic disease — it is thought to have originated in Chinese horseshoe bats and spread to humans , possibly with a stop in a different animal in-between .
Abraar Karan @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , was a source for this glossary .

Essential Vocab For COVID-19: From Asymptomatic To Zoonotic
Enlarge this image Angela Hsieh for NPR Angela Hsieh for NPR
The world is being flooded with new terms in coverage of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Here's a glossary in case you're not up on the latest medical and testing jargon. We start with the nomenclature of the virus. Words are listed in thematic groupings (transmission and testing, for example).
Coronavirus: A category of viruses that can cause fever, breathing difficulties, pneumonia and diarrhea. Seven coronaviruses are known to infect humans, including four that can cause the common cold. Some are potentially fatal. The name comes from the Latin word "corona," which means crown. Under a microscope, these viruses are characterized by circles with spikes ending in little blobs.
Researchers have identified hundreds of coronaviruses in animals, such as camels, pigs, cats and bats, that are usually not transmissible to humans. In rare instances, a coronavirus mutates and can pass from animals to humans and then spread among people, as was the case with the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) epidemic in the early 2000s and now with the COVID-19 pandemic.
SARS-COV-2 aka "novel coronavirus": The name for the virus that has spread rapidly around the world, causing infections in millions of people. The numeral "2" is meant to distinguish this coronavirus from the virus that caused the SARS epidemic.
COVID-19: The name of the disease that can be caused by SARS-COV-2. It stands for "coronavirus disease 2019," as doctors in Wuhan, China, first discovered patients ill with the disease in late 2019. The disease can present with a wide range of effects that researchers are still working to uncover. The evolving list of symptoms is broad, including: fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, headaches, chills, muscle pain, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and loss of taste or smell. Not every patient displays the full range of symptoms.
Epidemic: A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a particular geographic area beyond the number health officials typically expect. An increase in a relatively small geographic area or among a small group of people may be called an "outbreak." The difference between an outbreak, an epidemic and a pandemic is subjective and depends on the opinions of scientists and health officials.
Pandemic: "An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people," according to A Dictionary of Epidemiology. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, describing it as "the first pandemic caused by a coronavirus."
Transmission: How a virus gets from one individual to the next. In the case of SARS-COV-2, researchers think the virus is primarily spread via the respiratory route, through close contact with an infected person, whose virus-laden droplets are expelled from the nose or mouth and find their way into the eyes, noses and mouths of others. Other possible routes of transmission, currently under investigation, include touching virus-contaminated surfaces and then introducing those germs to one's eyes, nose or mouth; or breathing in clouds of tiny "aerosolized" virus particles that may be traveling on air currents.
Aerosolized virus particles: Smaller than droplets, these particles can be expelled by an infected individual. They hang in the air longer than larger droplets, which tend to fall due to gravity. But their role in transmission of COVID-19 is not yet clear.
Rate of transmission (RT): The average number of people each coronavirus carrier goes on to infect — officially called the "effective reproductive number." If each subsequent generation of new infections decreases (if RT <1), the virus eventually disappears. An area's transmission rate depends on local policies and how people behave. "We can think of transmission risk with a simple phrase: time, space, people, place," Dr. William Miller, an epidemiologist at Ohio State University, told NPR. The more time a person spends in close spatial proximity to infected people, the higher the likelihood that the virus will spread. Interacting with more people raises the risk, and indoor places are riskier than the outdoors. RT can decrease in areas where many people acquire immunity to the virus, because the virus then runs out of new people to infect. (A related term, R0 — pronounced "r nought" — is the average rate of transmission in a population where no one has previously been affected.)
Superspreading event: When a person infected with a pathogen passes it on to an unusually high number of people. With COVID-19, large case clusters have resulted from business conferences, choir practices, funerals, family gatherings and cruises, among other settings. Virologists who researched superspreading events during the MERS outbreak say there are several possible reasons why these events emerge. Sometimes the virus may mutate to become more contagious. Or some people just exhale more virus from their lungs.
Viral shedding: When an infected person releases viral particles from their bodies, which may or may not be contagious depending on the stage of infection. This can happen through activities like breathing, speaking, singing, sneezing and coughing. For SARS-COV-2, researchers are measuring the length of time an infected person sheds virus by testing swab samples from infected people over time. An early study found that COVID-19 patients shed the virus for an average of 20 days. People also appear to shed the highest amounts of virus around the time symptoms first appear.
Fomite: An object covered with virus particles, possibly because someone recently sneezed or coughed respiratory droplets onto it. A countertop or a phone could become fomites if contaminated — and serve as a potential source for "indirect" transmission if a person touches the virus-covered surface and then introduces the virus to their eyes, nose or mouth. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describes this as a "possible" route of coronavirus transmission but maintains that close contact between people is thought to be responsible for most new infections.
Asymptomatic: A person who is asymptomatic is infected with SARS-COV-2 but never develops any symptoms of the infection. Researchers are working to determine how many people who get infected fit into this category — current estimates fall "anywhere between 6% and 41%," a World Health Organization official said June 9. "Asymptomatic" is sometimes used to describe anyone who shows no symptoms at the time of testing positive for the virus but some of these individuals may actually be "presymptomatic" and will develop symptoms over the next few days.
Asymptomatic/presymptomatic spread: When an infected person who has no symptoms of the disease transmits the novel coronavirus to someone else. It's not clear how frequently people with no symptoms are spreading the virus, but researchers have documented spread from both asymptomatic and presymptomatic cases. That is the main reason many health departments recommend mask-wearing in shared spaces — to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus, particularly from people who may not know they have it.
Herd immunity: The idea that if enough people in one place develop immunity to the virus, through exposure or vaccination, then the virus doesn't have any new people to spread to so it burns itself out. For COVID-19, the percentage of people who'd need immunity to slow the spread of the virus is estimated at 50 to 60%.
Comorbidity: A medical condition that increases a person's risk of becoming very sick if they develop COVID-19. These conditions include chronic kidney disease, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), obesity, serious heart conditions and type 2 diabetes. Other conditions that may up someone's risk of severe COVID-19 disease include asthma, hypertension, compromised immune systems, smoking and type 1 diabetes.
Testing: A procedure to determine if the individual is, or has recently been, infected with a disease. The most common diagnostic test for the novel coronavirus involves taking a swab sample from someone's nose or throat and analyzing it for telltale signs of SARS-COV-2 viral RNA. Other tests look for proteins from the virus, or for antibodies in blood samples. For more information, check out NPR's testing primer.
Positive testing rate: The percentage of people tested who are confirmed to have the coronavirus. For SARS-COV-2, WHO officials say a positive testing rate of 10% or less may indicate that a community is conducting enough testing to find most cases.
Antibodies: Proteins produced by a person's immune system to fight an infection. In the case of the novel coronavirus, antibodies typically take about 1-3 weeks after infection to develop in measurable amounts. Antibodies may linger in the body after infection to provide ongoing protection against an invading pathogen. Public health officials are testing people's blood samples for antibodies against the novel coronavirus to see if they have been infected in the recent past. This will help researchers understand how widely the coronavirus has spread and gauge how many cases are asymptomatic.
Pool sampling: A testing strategy where samples from different people are combined into a larger batch that is tested for the presence of the coronavirus. If a batch tests positive, the samples would be retested individually to determine which ones contain the virus. The expectation is that, by testing several samples in one batch, more samples could be processed more quickly, and testing resources would be conserved. The FDA says pool sampling is most effective in populations where many negative results are expected, such as people with no symptoms of infection.
Peak: The day, or stretch of days, with the highest number of cases or deaths reported in a given period, as seen in a day-by-day breakdown (also called an epidemic curve). It generally indicates the "worst" point in an epidemic — after the peak, case numbers subside. For more, see NPR's primer on "When will each state peak?"
Rolling average: The number of new confirmed cases or deaths, averaged over a couple of days. The duration is the researcher's choice — different analysts have chosen to average the numbers of cases and deaths over 3, 5 and 7 days. The rolling average is a statistical analysis that smooths out day-to-day variations (such as a spike in cases due to changes in how they're reported) and helps spot longer trends. Also called "moving average."
Second wave: A fresh crop of coronavirus infections in an area where public health officials had brought virus transmission down to low levels. For instance, Hokkaido, Japan experienced double-digit increases in case numbers in April after reopening schools and allowing public gatherings. U.S. health officials have warned of a possible second wave of infections in the fall even as the country continues to battle its first wave.
Incubation period: The time from exposure to a pathogen to the time symptoms develop. The incubation period helps determine how long a person should be quarantined to prevent the spread of infection. For SARS-COV-2, the median incubation period is thought to be around 5 days. Most people who develop symptoms of COVID-19 will do so within 12 days — which is why public health officials recommend a two-week quarantine for anyone who thinks they've been exposed to the novel coronavirus.
Isolation: Physically separating people who are known to be sick from those who are healthy. Hospitals commonly put patients who are sick in isolation to prevent the spread of disease.
Quarantine: The separation or restriction of movement of individuals who appear to be healthy but may have been exposed to an infectious disease to see if they become sick. The length of the quarantine depends on the incubation period for the disease. During the Ebola outbreak, for example, it was 21 days. For COVID-19, the recommended period is 14 days.
Contact tracing: Finding and notifying people who may have come into contact with a person infected with a disease so they can take measures to prevent the disease from possibly spreading. For the novel coronavirus, the CDC defines a close contact as somebody who has spent at least 15 minutes within 6 feet of a person with a confirmed or probable case of the coronavirus.
Social distancing: Staying a certain distance from other people in indoor and outdoor settings to lower one's chances of spreading or receiving virus-laden respiratory droplets — the CDC suggests six feet. Widespread social distancing has been credited with reducing virus transmission in multiple countries. Also referred to as "physical distancing."
Zoonosis: Any disease that spreads from animals to people. The animals can range from tiny ticks to lumbering cattle. COVID-19 is considered a zoonotic disease — it is thought to have originated in Chinese horseshoe bats and spread to humans, possibly with a stop in a different animal in-between.
Other helpful primers from NPR: Death Rate
Abraar Karan, a physician at Harvard Medical School, was a source for this glossary.


npr--2020-06-27--Trump Is Still Running Against The City And Idea Of Washington, D.C.

Trump Is Still Running Against The City And Idea Of Washington , D.C. One of the oldest traditions in American politics is `` running against Washington , '' which has been a common campaign theme since the city was first created as the capital and the home of the federal government .
In fact , candidates for president and Congress have found running against Washington one of the surest ways to get there .
Some do it to stay there , too .
Take for example Ronald Reagan , whose talk of the `` puzzle palace on the Potomac '' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
For years , Reagan repeated a stock joke about the nine most feared words in the language : `` I 'm from the government and I 'm here to help . ''
Reagan displaced Jimmy Carter , who himself had been elected as an outsider in 1976 to clean house following the Watergate scandal .
Not long after Reagan we got Bill Clinton in 1992 , yet another governor with no taint of Washington , followed by two more two-term presidents who had spent minimal time in the capital and could plausibly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ may be in a new phase of this phenomenon , as the candidate running most vehemently against Washington is also the city 's most prominent resident .
Surely President Trump in 2016 was as skilled and effective at this line of politicking as any candidate in memory .
He made a mantra of `` drain the swamp '' and let his crowds chant `` lock them up . ''
Still , it raises eyebrows to hear him continue the assault as an incumbent seeking a second term .
As political writer Matt Bai @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Trump is acting as though he had nothing to do with his own government – dissociating himself from all that has gone wrong on his watch and even saying at one point : `` I take no responsibility at all . ''
Bai argues that Trump has never really seen himself as part of the government he supposedly leads and has `` already proved that governing interests [ him ] about as much as mold . ''
At the same time , Trump has urgently invoked non-existent privileges of office ( `` Any @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and overstated his control of the military and even the governors of the states ( `` When somebody is the president of the United States , the authority is total and that 's the way it 's got to be ... it 's total , the governors know that '' ) .
Trump has also elevated and empowered an attorney general in William Barr who has long espoused a vision of executive power as expansive as any since Alexander Hamilton 's six-hour lecture on the subject at the Constitutional Convention .
Trump is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the government as against the idea of Washington , which is to say the idea that someone somewhere has a lot more power than you do and is using it against your best interests .
That idea is deeply fixed , both in the rational workings of the American mind and in the untamed regions of American suspicion .
This has relatively little to do with the actual city of Washington , a racially diverse community of 700,000 at the center of a metro area of 6.2 million .
But it does @ @ @ @ @ @ @ been amended to make the District of Columbia a state or allow it a voting member of Congress .
The latest legislation attempting to do so was approved in the House this week , but its chances in the Republican Senate are exactly nil .
Were that to change , the White House hastens to assure us , Trump 's advisers would recommend a veto .
In one measure or another , generations of candidates have made their bones by bashing the capital – making it a symbol of something ( or everything @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the evil to be resisted has been oppressive or intrusive government .
For others , the evil emanating from Washington has been socialism or , conversely , the collusion of government with capitalism .
The idea of Washington has long been associated with a distant and disrespectful elite that had only its own selfish interests at heart .
To some degree this sort of populist critique has also extended to Wall Street and the image of the fat-cat financier , mashing up that money madness with Washington 's power hunger .
But somehow @ @ @ @ @ @ @ dimmed that city 's allure in popular culture .
Think of all the songs – indeed , entire musicals – that adore the Big Apple .
Any come to mind romanticizing Washington in that way ?
Even the shows based in early American history , such as 1776 and Hamilton , celebrate other cities .
When Washington does break into the movies it is rarely a pretty picture .
In the 1939 classic Mr. Smith Goes to Washington , Jimmy Stewart is the small-town hero from New Hampshire and the cynical capital is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ sequels , including Eddie Murphy 's The Distinguished Gentleman and the Judy Holliday hit Born Yesterday sound similar themes .
Another 1939 film about power myths was the endearing Wizard of Oz , based on a 1900 children 's story by L. Frank Baum that can be read as a populist allegory for the politics of its time .
The Emerald City can be seen as a remote , fantastic capital fascinated with the greenback dollar at the end of the Yellow Brick Road ( stand-in for the gold standard , measured in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ title ) .
Little Dorothy gets safely home to Kansas with the help of the Scarecrow ( farmers ) and the Tin Man ( industrial workers ) and a Cowardly Lion ( William Jennings Bryan , the `` prairie avenger , mountain lion '' who was a populist icon and three-time presidential nominee ) .
But the girl 's true savior is her pair of silver slippers , a nod to the metal that was to rival gold in Bryan 's bimetallist program .
( Hollywood decided ruby slippers would be more cinematic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ film buff but he is surely steeped in the attitudes that made all these movies hits .
He instinctively understands the contradiction : Americans want a commander in chief who signs bills into law and directs a bureaucracy of millions spending trillions , but who does so without embracing the system or becoming its prisoner .
To paraphrase a verse from the Gospel of John , he is to be in that world but not of that world .
For such a president , the prospect of running against Washington even as an @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 's mandatory .
Can the contradiction be overcome ?
Plenty of congressmen and senators would answer yes because they 've been doing it for years .
As unpopular as Congress is , and has been , its incumbent members routinely win re-election ( most of them easily ) .
They do it in part by running against the institution wherein they serve – often in harsh terms — portraying themselves as grateful to stick close to home and get out of Washington .
That 's why even West Coast members of Congress fly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ work periods . ''
It is why few now buy homes in the capital area or move their families there .
They can not risk appearing to have `` gone Washington . ''
Trump is pursuing a version of this on a typically grand scale .
It has less to do with loyalty to a state or district than with loyalty to a voting base .
He is cementing his bond with his voters from 2016 , hawking the same issues and pounding the same targets , almost as if the last four @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , we will hear of a wall with Mexico and immigration in general .
Bad trade deals .
Allies who do n't pay their `` fair share '' and do n't buy American often enough .
His issues are generally not those that official Washington wants to talk about , which is why he wants to talk about them .
Once again , we will see Trump define himself apart from all other efforts to define or restrain him .
That , too , is essential to his relationship with his base .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ wear a mask , even as health officials and even some Republican senators reportedly urge him to do so at least sometimes .
Issues of vanity aside , the mask has become an emblem of submission to experts and scolds and the nanny state — an emblem of submission to Washington .
So the refusal to wear one becomes a badge of defiance , perhaps the most important to date .
To give up on that score would suggest the swamp was draining him , rather than the other way around .
In @ @ @ @ @ @ @ showman will cast himself less as the head of the government and more as Washington 's resident anti-government activist , presiding in form while disrupting in fact .
The show is scheduled to run at least through the fall .

Trump Is Still Running Against The City And Idea Of Washington, D.C.
Enlarge this image toggle caption Drew Angerer/Getty Images Drew Angerer/Getty Images
One of the oldest traditions in American politics is "running against Washington," which has been a common campaign theme since the city was first created as the capital and the home of the federal government.
In fact, candidates for president and Congress have found running against Washington one of the surest ways to get there. Some do it to stay there, too.
Take for example Ronald Reagan, whose talk of the "puzzle palace on the Potomac" drew on the tradition and amplified it. For years, Reagan repeated a stock joke about the nine most feared words in the language: "I'm from the government and I'm here to help."
Reagan displaced Jimmy Carter, who himself had been elected as an outsider in 1976 to clean house following the Watergate scandal. Not long after Reagan we got Bill Clinton in 1992, yet another governor with no taint of Washington, followed by two more two-term presidents who had spent minimal time in the capital and could plausibly pose as outsiders.
Yet now we may be in a new phase of this phenomenon as the candidate running most vehemently against Washington is also the city's most prominent resident.
Surely President Trump in 2016 was as skilled and effective at this line of politicking as any candidate in memory. He made a mantra of "drain the swamp" and let his crowds chant "lock them up." Still, it raises eyebrows to hear him continue the assault as an incumbent seeking a second term.
Enlarge this image toggle caption Brian Blanco/Getty Images Brian Blanco/Getty Images
As political writer Matt Bai has noted in The Washington Post, Trump is acting as though he had nothing to do with his own government – dissociating himself from all that has gone wrong on his watch and even saying at one point: "I don't take responsibility at all."
Bai argues that Trump has never really seen himself as part of the government he supposedly leads and has "already proved that governing interests [him] about as much as mold."
At the same time, Trump has urgently invoked nonexistent privileges of office ("Any conversation with me is classified") and overstated his control of the military and even the governors of the states. ("When somebody is the president of the United States, the authority is total and that's the way it's got to be. ... It's total, the governors know that.")
Trump has also elevated and empowered an attorney general in William Barr who has long espoused a vision of executive power as expansive as any since Alexander Hamilton's six-hour lecture on the subject at the Constitutional Convention.
Trump is running not so much against specific parts of the government as against the idea of Washington, which is to say the idea that someone somewhere has a lot more power than you do and is using it against your best interests. That idea is deeply fixed, both in the rational workings of the American mind and in the untamed regions of American suspicion.
This has relatively little to do with the actual city of Washington, a racially diverse community of 700,000 at the center of a metro area of 6.2 million. But it does help explain why the District of Columbia has not been made a state or allowed a voting member of Congress. The latest legislation attempting to do so was approved in the House of Representatives this week, but its chances in the Republican Senate are exactly nil. Were that to change, the White House hastens to assure us, Trump's advisers would recommend a veto.
In one measure or another, generations of candidates have made their bones by bashing the capital — making it a symbol of something (or everything) they opposed. For some, the evil to be resisted has been oppressive or intrusive government. For others, the evil emanating from Washington has been socialism or, conversely, the collusion of government with capitalism.
The idea of Washington has long been associated with a distant and disrespectful elite that had only its own selfish interests at heart. To some degree this sort of populist critique has also extended to Wall Street and the image of the fat-cat financier, mashing up that money madness with Washington's power hunger. But somehow that element of New York has never dimmed that city's allure in popular culture.
Think of all the songs — indeed, entire musicals — that adore the Big Apple. Any come to mind romanticizing Washington in that way? Even the shows based in early American history, such as 1776 and Hamilton, celebrate other cities.
When Washington does break into the movies it is rarely a pretty picture. In the 1939 classic Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Jimmy Stewart is the small-town hero and the cynical capital is the villain. A long parade of sequels, including Eddie Murphy's The Distinguished Gentleman and the Judy Holliday hit Born Yesterday sound similar themes.
Another 1939 film about power myths was the endearing The Wizard of Oz, based on a 1900 children's story by L. Frank Baum that can be read as a populist allegory for the politics of its time. The Emerald City can be seen as a remote, fantastic capital fascinated with the greenback dollar at the end of the Yellow Brick Road (stand-in for the gold standard, measured in ounces, hence the Oz of the title).
Enlarge this image toggle caption Hulton Archive/Getty Images Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Little Dorothy gets safely home to Kansas with the help of the Scarecrow (farmers) and the Tin Man (industrial workers) and a Cowardly Lion (William Jennings Bryan, the "prairie avenger, mountain lion" who was a populist icon and three-time presidential nominee). But the girl's true savior is her pair of silver slippers, a nod to the metal that was to rival gold in Bryan's bimetallist program. (Hollywood decided ruby slippers would be more cinematic.)
Trump may not be a film buff, but he is surely steeped in the attitudes that made all these movies hits. He instinctively understands the contradiction: Americans want a commander in chief who signs bills into law and directs a bureaucracy of millions spending trillions, but who does so without embracing the system or becoming its prisoner. To paraphrase a verse from the Gospel of John, he is to be in that world but not of that world.
For such a president, the prospect of running against Washington even as an incumbent is not just possible – it's mandatory.
Can the contradiction be overcome? Plenty of congressmen and senators would answer yes because they've been doing it for years. As unpopular as Congress is, and has been, its incumbent members routinely win reelection (most of them easily). They do it in part by running against the institution wherein they serve – often in harsh terms — portraying themselves as grateful to stick close to home and get out of Washington.
That's why even West Coast members of Congress fly home regularly for weekends and "district work periods." It is why few now buy homes in the capital area or move their families there. They cannot risk appearing to have "gone Washington."
Trump is pursuing a version of this on a typically grand scale. It has less to do with loyalty to a state or district than with loyalty to a voting base. He is cementing his bond with his voters from 2016, hawking the same issues and pounding the same targets, almost as if the last four years had not happened.
Once again, we will hear of a wall with Mexico and immigration in general. Bad trade deals. Allies who don't pay their "fair share" and don't buy American often enough. His issues are generally not those that official Washington wants to talk about, which is why he wants to talk about them.
Once again, we will see Trump define himself apart from all other efforts to define or restrain him. That, too, is essential to his relationship with his base. It is one reason he refuses to wear a mask, even as health officials and even some Republican senators reportedly urge him to do so at least sometimes.
Issues of vanity aside, the mask has become an emblem of submission to experts and scolds and the nanny state — an emblem of submission to Washington. So the refusal to wear one becomes a badge of defiance, perhaps the most important to date. To give up on that score would suggest the swamp was draining him, rather than the other way around.
In the months ahead, Trump the master showman will cast himself less as the head of the government and more as Washington's resident anti-government activist, presiding in form while disrupting in fact.
The show is scheduled to run at least through the fall.


npr--2020-06-27--New York City Celebrates 50 Years Of Pride Parades

This weekend , the world is observing the 50th anniversary of the first New York City Pride Parade , that celebration of LGBTQ identity known for its floats , feathers and corporate sponsors .
Because of COVID-19 , there wo n't actually be a parade on Sunday .
Instead , there 's Global Pride , a 24-hour line up of performances and inspiring messages involving 500 organizations from all over the world .
`` It 's about helping individuals in the LGBTQ community know and understand that they 're not alone , '' said Cathy Renna , a co-organizer .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ have celebrities or floats .
It did n't even have speakers .
It was n't a parade at all , but a protest march .
`` We set out to create a march on the first anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising .
And if we had n't done that , nobody would remember the Stonewall today , '' said Karla Jay , the first woman chair of the Gay Liberation Front and a retired women 's and gender studies professor at Pace University .
The Stonewall Uprising , which some refer to as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ against police violence and systemic discrimination that could have been ripped from today 's headlines .
In 1969 , the NYPD used billy clubs against protesters outside The Stonewall In , a gay bar .
In response , the protesters slashed police car tires and broke the windows of businesses .
But Stonewall was n't the only protest during that time - and it was n't even the most intense .
That designation often goes to the Snake Pit Riot , which lead to a man 's death .
But within a few @ @ @ @ @ @ @ referenced Stonewall and called for a new kind of movement that was n't polite and would n't stay in the shadows .
`` I went down to the Stonewall the second night of the uprising - and there was a sign in the window that was hand-lettered from the Mattachine Society , '' Jay remembered .
`` And they said , 'Keep the peace .
Cooperate with the police and go home and be quiet . '
And I thought What ?
No !
It 's too late for that .
And so @ @ @ @ @ @ @ we 're not going home , we 're not going to be quiet , I said .
'These are my people . '
`` The following year , June 28 , 1970 , people gathered just outside the Stonewall Inn for the Christopher Street Gay Liberation Day March .
When they started off , the marchers were few and brave .
There were gay groups from Washington , D.C. , and Boston , and college organizations from Rutgers , Yale and Columbia .
Some transgender participants said that organizers asked them to march @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
`` The trans community said , 'Hell no , we wo n't go . '
We fought for this as much as you did , or even started it , '' said Victoria Cruz .
`` And we just mingled throughout the crowd .
There was no trans contingent .
We just mingled . ''
The group began walking very briskly up Christopher Street , because participants were scared .
There had been bomb threats .
People worried they would be shot at or harassed again by the police .
Martin Boyce @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with others at the time that it was not the first march , but `` the first run . ''
`` I was worried about being single file , because I just watched a program on National Geographic about wildebeests .
And I saw how the ones on the side were picked off .
So I thought I would stay in the middle .
But there was no middle , '' he said .
In archival film , the marchers look determined .
Many wore long-sleeved , button-down shirts .
They carried red @ @ @ @ @ @ @ iconic rainbow flag had yet to be created .
And they had signs on long wooden sticks that said `` Gay Pride '' and `` I am a lesbian and I am beautiful . ''
When marchers reached Sixth Avenue , others started to join them .
`` All of a sudden , I realized I was no longer alone , '' Boyce said .
`` There were people on my left , people on my right .
Gays were joining us every three blocks . ''
The New York Public Library has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ parade .
Gay activists Lilli Vincenz and Cliff Witt produced a documentary of that day , interviewing people anonymously .
In it , you can see that observers mostly watched in silence .
People watched from the sidewalks , standing two or three deep , arms crossed .
The documentary shows some shaking their heads and smirking a little , as if to say `` Is n't this ridiculous ? ''
But there were darker notes from counter-protesters .
There was a sign referencing Sodom and Gomorrah .
One man told the filmmakers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ divide America .
He called it `` disgraceful and disgusting . ''
But soon , the marchers started to relax and enjoy themselves .
They held hands .
They chanted things like , `` Say it loud , gay is proud '' and `` Out of the closets and into the streets . ''
When the marchers got to Central Park , there were thousands of them .
There were no speakers , because the organizers had n't thought they would even make it as far as the park .
They had a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the `` be-ins '' of the time .
There was casual folk music .
Men rested their heads on their lovers ' stomachs , and women leaned on their partners ' shoulders .
They played kids ' games like Red Rover .
There was a kissing contest .
The relaxed happiness in archival footage has some of the feel of Pride today .
Activist Victoria Cruz has pictures from Central Park that day .
It was the first time she had publicly declared her identity like that , but she says she was @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
I felt like , you know , here I am in grade school , saying the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag .
And after Stonewall , I felt freedom and justice for all .
And that freedom and justice included me , so I was kind of proud . ''
That evening , a similar march was held in Los Angeles .
The following year came a march in Boston , and soon Washington D.C. , London , Tel Aviv .
And 50 years later , all those parades have come @ @ @ @ @

New York City Celebrates 50 Years Of Pride Parades
Enlarge this image toggle caption Roger Gaess/Getty Images/Lonely Planet Image Roger Gaess/Getty Images/Lonely Planet Image
This weekend, the world is observing the 50th anniversary of the first New York City Pride Parade, that celebration of LGBTQ identity known for its floats, feathers and corporate sponsors. Because of COVID-19, there won't actually be a parade on Sunday. Instead, there's Global Pride, a 24-hour line up of performances and inspiring messages involving 500 organizations from all over the world.
"It's about helping individuals in the LGBTQ community know and understand that they're not alone," said Cathy Renna, a co-organizer.
But the first Pride parade didn't have celebrities or floats. It didn't even have speakers. It wasn't a parade at all, but a protest march.
"We set out to create a march on the first anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising. And if we hadn't done that, nobody would remember the Stonewall today," said Karla Jay, the first woman chair of the Gay Liberation Front and a retired women's and gender studies professor at Pace University.
The Stonewall Uprising, which some refer to as riots, was several days of demonstrations against police violence and systemic discrimination that could have been ripped from today's headlines. In 1969, the NYPD used billy clubs against protesters outside The Stonewall In, a gay bar. In response, the protesters slashed police car tires and broke the windows of businesses.
But Stonewall wasn't the only protest during that time - and it wasn't even the most intense. That designation often goes to the Snake Pit Riot, which lead to a man's death. But within a few days, flyers were already circulating that referenced Stonewall and called for a new kind of movement that wasn't polite and wouldn't stay in the shadows.
"I went down to the Stonewall the second night of the uprising - and there was a sign in the window that was hand-lettered from the Mattachine Society," Jay remembered. "And they said, 'Keep the peace. Cooperate with the police and go home and be quiet.' And I thought What? No! It's too late for that. And so when a group said, No, we're not going home, we're not going to be quiet, I said. 'These are my people.' "
The following year, June 28, 1970, people gathered just outside the Stonewall Inn for the Christopher Street Gay Liberation Day March.
When they started off, the marchers were few and brave. There were gay groups from Washington, D.C., and Boston, and college organizations from Rutgers, Yale and Columbia. Some transgender participants said that organizers asked them to march in the back, but they refused.
"The trans community said, 'Hell no, we won't go.' We fought for this as much as you did, or even started it," said Victoria Cruz. "And we just mingled throughout the crowd. There was no trans contingent. We just mingled."
The group began walking very briskly up Christopher Street, because participants were scared. There had been bomb threats. People worried they would be shot at or harassed again by the police.
Martin Boyce was there. He says he joked with others at the time that it was not the first march, but "the first run."
"I was worried about being single file, because I just watched a program on National Geographic about wildebeests. And I saw how the ones on the side were picked off. So I thought I would stay in the middle. But there was no middle," he said.
National Reflections On What Makes This Pride Month So Significant Reflections On What Makes This Pride Month So Significant Listen · 14:05 14:05
In archival film, the marchers look determined. Many wore long-sleeved, button-down shirts. They carried red, purple and yellow banners. The iconic rainbow flag had yet to be created. And they had signs on long wooden sticks that said "Gay Pride" and "I am a lesbian and I am beautiful."
When marchers reached Sixth Avenue, others started to join them.
"All of a sudden, I realized I was no longer alone," Boyce said. "There were people on my left, people on my right. Gays were joining us every three blocks."
The New York Public Library has an extensive collection of photographs from the parade.
Gay activists Lilli Vincenz and Cliff Witt produced a documentary of that day, interviewing people anonymously. In it, you can see that observers mostly watched in silence. People watched from the sidewalks, standing two or three deep, arms crossed. The documentary shows some shaking their heads and smirking a little, as if to say "Isn't this ridiculous?"
But there were darker notes from counter-protesters. There was a sign referencing Sodom and Gomorrah. One man told the filmmakers the march was a communist plot to divide America. He called it "disgraceful and disgusting."
The documentary Gay and Proud tells the story of the 1970 Gay Pride Parade in New York City. YouTube
But soon, the marchers started to relax and enjoy themselves. They held hands. They chanted things like, "Say it loud, gay is proud" and "Out of the closets and into the streets."
When the marchers got to Central Park, there were thousands of them.
There were no speakers, because the organizers hadn't thought they would even make it as far as the park. They had a "gay-in" instead, similar to the "be-ins" of the time. There was casual folk music. Men rested their heads on their lovers' stomachs, and women leaned on their partners' shoulders. They played kids' games like Red Rover. There was a kissing contest. The relaxed happiness in archival footage has some of the feel of Pride today.
Activist Victoria Cruz has pictures from Central Park that day. It was the first time she had publicly declared her identity like that, but she says she wasn't scared.
"I felt liberated. I felt like, you know, here I am in grade school, saying the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag. And after Stonewall, I felt freedom and justice for all. And that freedom and justice included me, so I was kind of proud."
That evening, a similar march was held in Los Angeles. The following year came a march in Boston, and soon Washington D.C., London, Tel Aviv. And 50 years later, all those parades have come together to celebrate globally.


npr--2020-06-27--Milton Glaser, Designer Behind The 'I ♥ NY' Logo, Dies On 91st Birthday

Milton Glaser , Designer Behind The ' I ♥ NY ' Logo , Dies On 91st Birthday Updated at 5:10 a.m .
ET Saturday Milton Glaser , the graphic designer behind the iconic `` I ♥ NY '' logo , has died at 91 .
Glaser 's poster of Bob Dylan with psychedelic hair adorned the walls of Dylan 's fans all over America .
The co-founder of New York magazine died of natural causes on his birthday , according to the magazine 's obituary .
`` Around our office , of course , he will forever be one of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that , in the late sixties , yanked New York out of the newspaper morgue and turned it into a great American magazine , '' the magazine 's city editor Christopher Bonanos wrote .
A New York native , Glaser was born in the Bronx on June 26 , 1929 .
He studied at Cooper Union and formed the graphic design firm Push Pin Studios after graduating .
He designed the iconic `` I ♥ NY '' logo in 1977 as part of a tourism campaign for New York State .
According to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the logo in the backseat of a cab after pitching a different one to the city .
He did the design free of charge , out of love for the city he was born and raised in .
Since then , the logo has become as central a symbol of New York City as the Statue of Liberty .
It has been plastered on t-shirts , mugs and keychains all over the nation .
The concept sketch for the logo , scrawled on a torn envelope in red crayon , is a part @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of Modern Art .
The MoMA also keeps a lithograph of another version of the logo , created after the Sept. 11 attacks .
Featuring a bruised heart , it says `` I ♥ NY MORE THAN EVER . ''
`` I 'm flabbergasted by what happened to this little , simple , nothing of an idea , '' he told the Village Voice in 2011 .
`` It just demonstrates that every once in a while you do something that can have enormous consequences . ''
Before the `` I ♥ NY @ @ @ @ @ @ @ U.S. , Glaser burst into the graphic design scene with his poster of Bob Dylan .
The poster featured a black and white outline of the singer 's head , with wavy , colorful bands of hair bursting from his scalp .
The design was inspired by Marcel Duchamp 's work and Islamic art , according to New York .
The poster was commissioned by CBS records and included in copies of Dylan 's `` Greatest Hits '' album .
He told the New York Times in 2001 that the poster was meant @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Like his New York logo would years later , his Bob Dylan design took on a life of its own .
Glaser is also known for creating the Brooklyn Brewery Logo and for his work on Mad Men .
He is survived by his wife , Shirley .

Milton Glaser, Designer Behind The 'I ♥ NY' Logo, Dies On 91st Birthday
Enlarge this image toggle caption Gary Gershoff/Getty Images Gary Gershoff/Getty Images
Updated at 5:10 a.m. ET Saturday
Milton Glaser, the graphic designer behind the iconic "I ♥ NY" logo, has died at 91.
Glaser's poster of Bob Dylan with psychedelic hair adorned the walls of Dylan's fans all over America. The co-founder of New York magazine died of natural causes on his birthday, according to the magazine's obituary.
"Around our office, of course, he will forever be one of the small team of men and women that, in the late sixties, yanked New York out of the newspaper morgue and turned it into a great American magazine," the magazine's city editor Christopher Bonanos wrote.
A New York native, Glaser was born in the Bronx on June 26, 1929. He studied at Cooper Union and formed the graphic design firm Push Pin Studios after graduating.
He designed the iconic "I ♥ NY" logo in 1977 as part of a tourism campaign for New York State. According to New York, Glaser came up with the logo in the backseat of a cab after pitching a different one to the city. He did the design free of charge, out of love for the city he was born and raised in. Since then, the logo has become as central a symbol of New York City as the Statue of Liberty. It has been plastered on t-shirts, mugs and keychains all over the nation.
Enlarge this image toggle caption MLADEN ANTONOV/AFP via Getty Images MLADEN ANTONOV/AFP via Getty Images
The concept sketch for the logo, scrawled on a torn envelope in red crayon, is a part of the permanent collection at the Museum of Modern Art. The MoMA also keeps a lithograph of another version of the logo, created after the Sept. 11 attacks. Featuring a bruised heart, it says "I ♥ NY MORE THAN EVER."
"I'm flabbergasted by what happened to this little, simple, nothing of an idea," he told the Village Voice in 2011. "It just demonstrates that every once in a while you do something that can have enormous consequences."
Before the "I ♥ NY" became a symbol known across the U.S., Glaser burst into the graphic design scene with his poster of Bob Dylan. The poster featured a black and white outline of the singer's head, with wavy, colorful bands of hair bursting from his scalp. The design was inspired by Marcel Duchamp's work and Islamic art, according to New York. The poster was commissioned by CBS records and included in copies of Dylan's "Greatest Hits" album.
He told the New York Times in 2001 that the poster was meant as a freebie to encourage album sales. Like his New York logo would years later, his Bob Dylan design took on a life of its own.
Glaser is also known for creating the Brooklyn Brewery Logo and for his work on Mad Men. He is survived by his wife, Shirley.


npr--2020-06-26--Judge Orders ICE To Free Detained Immigrant Children Because Of COVID-19

Judge Orders ICE To Free Detained Immigrant Children Because Of COVID-19 Citing the unrelenting spread of the coronavirus , a federal judge has ordered that all children currently held in ICE custody for more than 20 days must be released by July 17 .
Judge Dolly Gee of California issued the scathing order Friday afternoon saying the Trump administration had failed to provide even the most basic health protections for children and their families amid the pandemic .
She described the ICE-operated facilities as being `` on fire , '' adding that `` there is no more time for half @ @ @ @ @ @ @ been made , the Court is not surprised that COVID19 has arrived at both the [ Family Residential Centers ] and [ Office of Refugee Resettlement ] facilities , as health professionals have warned all along , '' Gee wrote .
The order applies to all three of the family detention facilities in the U.S. Two are located in Texas and a third is in Pennsylvania , as well as shelters housing unaccompanied minors .
As of June 25 , at least 11 people at a family detention center in Karnes City , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , according to an independent report filed with the court .
Four employees at another facility in Dilley — about 90 miles away — have also tested positive for the respiratory illness , and test results for residents there remain pending .
Meanwhile , an independent monitor and a physician who inspected ICE 's family detention centers reported earlier this month that given the infection rates in the counties where the Texas facilities are located , there is `` even more cause for concern . ''
Court documents show that as of June @ @ @ @ @ @ @ three detention centers housed alongside family members .
Another 507 children were in ORR shelters as of June 7 .
The order essentially forces ICE to adhere to existing laws established in the Flores Settlement Agreement , which limits how long minors can be held in ICE custody .
Holly Cooper , co-director of the University of California , Davis Immigration Law Clinic and one of the lawyers representing Flores agreement class members , is elated by the latest ruling .
She says Gee 's decision could lead to the long-awaited the release @ @ @ @ @ @ @ have been living in which she called `` horrific conditions '' for more than a year .
Until now , ICE has been reluctant to release children held in family detention centers `` because in order to do it in a humane way , they have to release the child with a parent , '' Cooper said .
Instead , the Trump administration has offered families a binary choice : stay together in detention or allow the children to be transferred to a sponsor or family member somewhere in the U.S .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ horrible guardian of children ... and so far ICE has opted to keep children detained ... during a global pandemic , '' Cooper said .
But now , under pressure of the looming July 17 deadline , Cooper said , `` What we 're hoping is that ICE will do the humane thing , and not separate any child from their parents because that 's what the children want .
That 's what our class members want .
That 's what the advocates want .
That 's what the parents want . ''

Judge Orders ICE To Free Detained Immigrant Children Because Of COVID-19
Enlarge this image toggle caption Eric Gay/AP Eric Gay/AP
Citing the unrelenting spread of the coronavirus, a federal judge has ordered that all children currently held in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody for more than 20 days must be released by July 17.
U.S. District Judge Dolly Gee of California issued the scathing order Friday afternoon, saying the Trump administration had failed to provide even the most basic health protections for children and their families amid the pandemic.
She described the ICE-operated facilities as being "on fire," adding that "there is no more time for half measures."
"Although progress has been made, the Court is not surprised that [COVID-19] has arrived at both the [Family Residential Centers] and [Office of Refugee Resettlement] facilities, as health professionals have warned all along," Gee wrote.
The order applies to all three of the family detention facilities in the United States. Two are located in Texas, and a third is in Pennsylvania, as well as shelters housing unaccompanied minors.
As of Thursday, at least 11 people at a family detention center in Karnes City, Texas, have been diagnosed with COVID-19, according to an independent report filed with the court. Four employees at another facility in Dilley — about 90 miles away — have also tested positive for the coronavirus, and test results for residents there remain pending.
Meanwhile, an independent monitor and a physician who inspected ICE's family detention centers reported this month that given the infection rates in the counties where the Texas facilities are located, there is "even more cause for concern."
Court documents show that as of June 8 there were 124 children in the three detention centers, housed alongside family members. Another 507 children were in Office of Refugee Resettlement shelters as of June 7.
The order essentially forces ICE to adhere to existing laws established in the Flores agreement, which limits how long minors can be held in ICE custody.
Holly Cooper, co-director of the University of California, Davis Immigration Law Clinic and one of the attorneys representing Flores agreement class members, said she is elated by the latest ruling.
She said Gee's decision could lead to the long-awaited release of entire families, some of whom have been living in what she called "horrific conditions" for more than a year.
Until now, ICE has been reluctant to release children held in family detention centers "because in order to do it in a humane way, they have to release the child with a parent," Cooper said.
Instead, the Trump administration has offered families a binary choice: Stay together in detention or allow the children to be transferred to a sponsor or family member somewhere in the United States.
The problem is "ICE makes a real horrible guardian of children ... and so far ICE has opted to keep children detained ... during a global pandemic," Cooper said.
But now, under pressure of the looming July 17 deadline, Cooper said, "What we're hoping is that ICE will do the humane thing and not separate any child from their parents because that's what the children want. That's what our class members want. That's what the advocates want. That's what the parents want."


npr--2020-06-27--Mississippi Lawmakers Clear Path To Remove Confederate Emblem From State Flag

Lawmakers in Mississippi cleared the way to remove the Confederate battle emblem from the state flag on Saturday .
The state House and Senate both approved a resolution to suspend legislative deadlines and introduce a bill to have a commission redesign the 126-year-old state flag .
Debate on that is expected on Sunday and it 's expected to pass .
Republican Gov .
Tate Reeves says he 'll sign it into law .
`` The argument over the 1894 flag has become as divisive as the flag itself and it 's time to end it , '' Reeves wrote in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ If they send me a bill this weekend , I will sign it . ''
Reeves had long opposed the idea of changing the state symbol , which bears the Confederate battle flag at the top left corner , unless it was voted on by Mississippians .
In 2001 , voters in the state had just that chance , but they ultimately voted to keep the flag as it was designed .
`` By changing our flag , we do n't abandon our founding principles , '' Republican Speaker Pro Tempore Jason White @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to The Washington Post .
`` We embrace them more fully by doing what is right .
We 're not moving further away from our Founding Fathers ' visions .
We 're moving closer to them .
We 're not destroying our heritage ; we 're fulfilling it . ''
The resolution calls for the immediate removal of the current flag and for a commission to design a new flag in which all Confederate symbols will be removed and the words `` In God We Trust '' will be added .
The new @ @ @ @ @ @ @ vote in November .
If voters reject it , the commission will try again .
`` Change is hard , '' Republican House Speaker Philip Gunn said on Saturday , according to the Mississippi Clarion-Ledger .
`` People are going to resist initially , but I think over time it 's going to be proven that this was the right decision .
We 're poised to reach our full potential now . ''
It comes as Confederate monuments of all kinds are being banned , removed and transformed across the nation after protests @ @ @ @ @ @ @ racism against Black Americans .
NASCAR banned the Confederate flag at all of its events , protesters toppled a statue of Confederate Gen. Albert Pike in Washington , D.C. , artists and demonstrators transformed a Confederate monument in Richmond , Va. , and members of Congress have proposed renaming Army installations with Confederate names and removing Confederate symbols .
`` We should not be under any illusion that a vote in the Capitol is the end of what must be done — the job before us is to bring the state together and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to do it , '' Reeves wrote on Facebook on Saturday .
`` It will be harder than recovering from tornadoes , harder than historic floods , harder than agency corruption , or prison riots or the coming hurricane season — even harder than battling the Coronavirus . ''

Mississippi Lawmakers Vote To Remove Confederate Emblem From State Flag
Enlarge this image toggle caption Brandon Dill/The Washington Post via Getty Images Brandon Dill/The Washington Post via Getty Images
Updated at 8:43 p.m. ET Sunday
Lawmakers in Mississippi voted to remove the Confederate battle emblem from the state flag on Sunday, clearing the way for Republican Gov. Tate Reeves to sign the measure into law.
The state House and Senate both approved legislation to remove the 126-year-old current flag and to form a commission to redesign it.
"Today we and the rest of the nation can look on our state with new eyes, with pride and hope," House Speaker Philip Gunn said following the House vote, according to the Mississippi Clarion-Ledger.
Sunday's passage was expected following a procedural vote on Saturday.
The bill now goes to the governor, who has said he would sign the legislation but has not immediately set a date for the signing.
He made the pledge on Saturday in a Facebook post.
"The argument over the 1894 flag has become as divisive as the flag itself and it's time to end it," Reeves wrote. "If they send me a bill this weekend, I will sign it."
Reeves had long opposed the idea of changing the state symbol, which bears the Confederate battle flag at the top left corner, unless it was voted on by Mississippians. In 2001, voters in the state had just that chance, but they ultimately voted to keep the flag as it was designed.
The new legislation calls for the removal of the current flag within 15 days at government buildings and for a commission to design a new flag in which all Confederate symbols will be removed and the words "In God We Trust" must be used. The new design will be put to a public vote in November. If voters reject it, the commission will try again.
"By changing our flag, we don't abandon our founding principles," Republican Speaker Pro Tempore Jason White said on Saturday, according to The Washington Post. "We embrace them more fully by doing what is right. We're not moving further away from our Founding Fathers' visions. We're moving closer to them. We're not destroying our heritage; we're fulfilling it."
It comes as Confederate monuments of all kinds are being banned, removed and transformed across the nation after protests and demonstrations erupted in response to systemic racism against Black Americans. NASCAR banned the Confederate flag at all of its events, protesters toppled a statue of Confederate Gen. Albert Pike in Washington, D.C., artists and demonstrators transformed a Confederate monument in Richmond, Va., and members of Congress have proposed renaming Army installations with Confederate names and removing Confederate symbols.
"We should not be under any illusion that a vote in the Capitol is the end of what must be done — the job before us is to bring the state together and I intend to work night and day to do it," Reeves wrote on Facebook on Saturday.
"It will be harder than recovering from tornadoes, harder than historic floods, harder than agency corruption, or prison riots or the coming hurricane season — even harder than battling the Coronavirus."


npr--2020-06-27--Princeton To Remove Woodrow Wilson's Name From Public Policy School

Princeton To Remove Woodrow Wilson 's Name From Public Policy School Princeton University will remove Woodrow Wilson 's name from its public policy school over `` racist thinking and policies '' the former president had championed , the university says .
The university 's Board of Trustees approved the name change on Friday .
In a letter , trustees said long-standing questions over Wilson 's history of supporting segregationist policies were `` made more urgent '' by the recent high-profile killings of Breonna Taylor , Ahmaud Arbery , George Floyd and Rayshard Brooks .
Trustees noted that Wilson infamously segregated @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of racial integration .
That legacy , trustees concluded , was not befitting a school geared toward public service .
`` We have taken this extraordinary step because we believe that Wilson 's racist thinking and policies make him an inappropriate namesake for a school whose scholars , students , and alumni must be firmly committed to combatting the scourge of racism in all its forms , '' the board said .
The school will be renamed the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs , and the residential Woodrow Wilson College will @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Wilson had a long history with Princeton .
He obtained his undergraduate degree from the university in 1879 and returned in 1890 as a professor , teaching for 12 years before becoming the university 's president in 1902 .
Princeton appended Wilson 's name to the School of Public and International Affairs in 1948 when it added a graduate program .
In addition to the public policy school and residential college , a prestigious alumni award also bears Wilson 's name .
Trustees say Wilson 's name will remain on the alumni @ @ @ @ @ @ @ by a gift that came with a `` legal obligation to name the prize for Wilson . ''
Alongside the veneration have also been concerns by students over Wilson 's prominence on campus .
In 2015 , students protested , occupying the president 's office .
In response , the trustees assembled a special committee to review concerns over Wilson 's legacy and provide recommendations .
The committee recommended that the school keep the 28th president 's name on both schools , even as it acknowledged that `` Wilson indisputably opposed the idea @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of his time . ''
But as anti-racist protests surged across the nation , the celebration of Wilson 's legacy at Princeton was one more longstanding debate to reenter the spotlight .
Students of the public policy school recently sent a letter , dated June 22 , demanding , among other things , a name change .
`` If Princeton saw fit to change the name of the School of Public and International Affairs in 1948 to reflect the politics of the midcentury United States , then it is time to change the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ later , to reflect the morals and principles of our institutional identity in 2020 , '' the letter read .

Princeton To Remove Woodrow Wilson's Name From Public Policy School
Enlarge this image toggle caption Mel Evans/AP Mel Evans/AP
Princeton University will remove Woodrow Wilson's name from its public policy school over "racist thinking and policies" the former president had championed, the university says.
The university's Board of Trustees approved the name change on Friday. In a letter, trustees said long-standing questions over Wilson's history of supporting segregationist policies were "made more urgent" by the recent high-profile killings of Breonna Taylor, Ahmaud Arbery, George Floyd and Rayshard Brooks.
Trustees noted that Wilson infamously segregated the nation's civil service after decades of racial integration. That legacy, trustees concluded, was not befitting a school geared toward public service.
"We have taken this extraordinary step because we believe that Wilson's racist thinking and policies make him an inappropriate namesake for a school whose scholars, students, and alumni must be firmly committed to combatting the scourge of racism in all its forms," the board said.
The school will be renamed the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, and the residential Woodrow Wilson College will be renamed First College, Princeton said.
Wilson had a long history with Princeton. He obtained his undergraduate degree from the university in 1879 and returned in 1890 as a professor, teaching for 12 years before becoming the university's president in 1902.
Princeton appended Wilson's name to the School of Public and International Affairs in 1948 when it added a graduate program. In addition to the public policy school and residential college, a prestigious alumni award also bears Wilson's name.
Trustees say Wilson's name will remain on the alumni award however, because it was endowed by a gift that came with a "legal obligation to name the prize for Wilson."
Alongside the veneration have also been concerns by students over Wilson's prominence on campus. In 2015, students protested, occupying the president's office. In response, the trustees assembled a special committee to review concerns over Wilson's legacy and provide recommendations.
The committee recommended that the school keep the 28th president's name on both schools, even as it acknowledged that "Wilson indisputably opposed the idea of admitting black students to the Princeton of his time."
But as anti-racist protests surged across the nation, the celebration of Wilson's legacy at Princeton was one more longstanding debate to reenter the spotlight.
Students of the public policy school recently sent a letter, dated June 22, demanding, among other things, a name change.
"If Princeton saw fit to change the name of the School of Public and International Affairs in 1948 to reflect the politics of the midcentury United States, then it is time to change the name once again, over sixty years later, to reflect the morals and principles of our institutional identity in 2020," the letter read.


npr--2020-06-27--Global Coronavirus Death Toll Nears 500,000

The world is about to hit a devastating milestone : half a million people dead , killed by the coronavirus pandemic that has swept the planet .
As of Saturday afternoon , global deaths totaled 496,075 , according to the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center .
That includes more than 125,000 deaths in the United States , which has lost more people to COVID-19 than any other country , and has seen more than twice the deaths as Brazil , the next most-stricken country with about 56,000 dead .
The planet will also soon see another significant mark : @ @ @ @ @ @ @ As of Saturday evening , there were more than 9.89 million confirmed infections .
And experts say there are likely far more cases out there that have n't been confirmed .
This week the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that for every reported case , there were 10 other infections .
That could mean more than 20 million infections in the U.S. alone .
After weeks of decline , case numbers recently began rising much more rapidly .
The initial surge brought daily U.S. confirmed cases to just over 36,000 in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ shutting down their economies and imposing stay-at-home orders , the trend line headed down .
By last month , with many days seeing fewer than 20,000 new cases per day , most states began loosening their restrictions .
After remaining flat for a few weeks , the curve started heading up again — about as quickly as it did in April .
This week the U.S. saw its highest daily increase of the pandemic , with more than 45,000 new cases reported Friday .
States in the South and West , spared in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ are seeing a particularly stark increase .
Several states facing new outbreaks have paused or walked back reopening of their economies .
Texas and Florida both closed bars after they were briefly reopened .
Dr. Anthony Fauci , director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , warned that the infections will continue until people take responsibility for protecting themselves .
`` You have an individual responsibility to yourself , but you have a societal responsibility , because if we want to end this outbreak — really end it , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ puts the nail in the coffin — we 've got to realize that we are part of the process , '' he said .

Global Coronavirus Deaths Near 500,000 As Number Of Cases Surpasses 10 Million
Enlarge this image toggle caption Susan Walsh/AP Susan Walsh/AP
Updated at 8:49 a.m.
The world is about to hit a devastating milestone: half a million people dead, killed by the coronavirus pandemic that has swept the planet.
As of Sunday morning, global deaths crossed 499,300, according to the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center. That includes more than 125,000 deaths in the United States, which has lost more people to COVID-19 than any other country, and has seen more than twice the deaths as Brazil, the next most-stricken country with about 57,000 dead.
Meanwhile, the planet on Sunday surpassed 10 million cases of the virus. And experts say there are likely far more cases out there that haven't been confirmed. This week the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that for every reported case, there were 10 other infections. That could mean more than 20 million infections in the U.S. alone.
After weeks of decline, case numbers recently began rising much more rapidly. The initial surge brought daily U.S. confirmed cases to just over 36,000 in late April, but when states began shutting down their economies and imposing stay-at-home orders, the trend line headed down.
By last month, with many days seeing fewer than 20,000 new cases per day, most states began loosening their restrictions. After remaining flat for a few weeks, the curve started heading up again — about as quickly as it did in April. This week the U.S. saw its highest daily increase of the pandemic, with more than 45,000 new cases reported Friday. States in the South and West, spared in the early stages of the outbreak, are seeing a particularly stark increase.
Several states facing new outbreaks have paused or walked back reopening of their economies. Texas and Florida both closed bars after they were briefly reopened.
Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, warned that the infections will continue until people take responsibility for protecting themselves. "You have an individual responsibility to yourself, but you have a societal responsibility, because if we want to end this outbreak — really end it, and then hopefully when a vaccine comes and puts the nail in the coffin — we've got to realize that we are part of the process," he said.


npr--2020-06-27--Trump Campaign Postpones Pence Events In Arizona And Florida After Coronavirus Spikes

Trump Campaign Postpones Pence Events In Arizona And Florida After Coronavirus Spikes A day after defending his right to hold campaign events in the midst of spikes in coronavirus cases , Vice President Pence and the Trump campaign are postponing two events he was to headline next week in Florida and Arizona .
The states are two of the hardest hit in recent days , and health officials have encouraged people to avoid large in-person gatherings .
The events have been postponed `` out of an abundance of caution , '' two campaign officials told NPR .
It 's a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Friday forcefully defended his plan to move forward with the campaign events .
`` We still want to give people the freedom to participate in the political process , '' Pence said when reporters pressed him at the first White House Coronavirus Task Force briefing in two months .
`` Freedom of speech and the right to peacefully assemble is enshrined in the Constitution of the United States .
And even in a health crisis the American people do n't forfeit our constitutional rights . ''
A White House official said that Pence @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Texas , Florida and Arizona to meet with the state 's governors and health teams .
The U.S. hit a single-day record for new cases of coronavirus on Friday , with more than 45,000 new cases reported .
Those numbers were driven in part by Arizona , Texas and Florida , which continue setting records .
There have been no changes announced about Pence 's planned appearance at the Celebrate Freedom Sunday event at First Baptist Church in Dallas .
He is the featured speaker at the event that says it will `` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ freedom in Christ with you through worship , '' including patriotic music and a salute to the armed forces .
The website for the event says , `` Masks and social distancing are strongly encouraged while on the campus of First Baptist Dallas . ''
This decision comes one week after President Trump held a large indoor campaign rally in Tulsa , Okla. At least eight campaign aides who worked on that event have tested positive for the coronavirus .
Two of them attended the event , though , according to the campaign @ @ @ @ @ @ @ who work on the campaign have been quarantining at home since the rally .
On Tuesday , even as the coronavirus problem in Arizona was in focus , Trump attended a campaign-style rally in a Phoenix megachurch .
Despite local requirements that masks be worn indoors when social distancing is impossible , the overwhelmingly young attendees sat shoulder to shoulder , and almost none wore masks .
After the Tulsa event , which failed to meet high expectations for attendance , the Trump campaign began reassessing what the president 's signature rallies would @ @ @ @ @ @ @ justice protests , both of which officials blamed for the anemic turnout .
For his part , Trump has refused to acknowledge publicly all the empty blue seats in the arena in Tulsa , instead focusing on the TV ratings and streaming of the event .

Trump Campaign Postpones Pence Events In Arizona And Florida After Coronavirus Spikes
Enlarge this image toggle caption Tony Dejak/AP Tony Dejak/AP
A day after defending his right to hold campaign events in the midst of spikes in coronavirus cases, Vice President Pence and the Trump campaign are postponing two events he was to headline next week in Florida and Arizona.
The states are two of the hardest hit in recent days, and health officials have encouraged people to avoid large in-person gatherings. The events have been postponed "out of an abundance of caution," two campaign officials told NPR.
It's a remarkable reversal for Pence, who on Friday forcefully defended his plan to move forward with the campaign events.
"We still want to give people the freedom to participate in the political process," Pence said when reporters pressed him at the first White House Coronavirus Task Force briefing in two months. "Freedom of speech and the right to peacefully assemble is enshrined in the Constitution of the United States. And even in a health crisis the American people don't forfeit our constitutional rights."
A White House official said that Pence still plans to travel next week to Texas, Florida and Arizona to meet with the state's governors and health teams. The U.S. hit a single-day record for new cases of coronavirus on Friday, with more than 45,000 new cases reported. Those numbers were driven in part by Arizona, Texas and Florida, which continue setting records.
There have been no changes announced about Pence's planned appearance at the Celebrate Freedom Sunday event at First Baptist Church in Dallas. He is the featured speaker at the event that says it will "celebrate our freedom as Americans and our freedom in Christ with you through worship," including patriotic music and a salute to the armed forces. The website for the event says, "Masks and social distancing are strongly encouraged while on the campus of First Baptist Dallas."
This decision comes one week after President Trump held a large indoor campaign rally in Tulsa, Okla. At least eight campaign aides who worked on that event have tested positive for the coronavirus. Two of them attended the event, though, according to the campaign, they wore masks. Numerous others who work on the campaign have been quarantining at home since the rally.
On Tuesday, even as the coronavirus problem in Arizona was in focus, Trump attended a campaign-style rally in a Phoenix megachurch. Despite local requirements that masks be worn indoors when social distancing is impossible, the overwhelmingly young attendees sat shoulder to shoulder, and almost none wore masks.
After the Tulsa event, which failed to meet high expectations for attendance, the Trump campaign began reassessing what the president's signature rallies would look like amid coronavirus fears and racial justice protests, both of which officials blamed for the anemic turnout.
For his part, Trump has refused to acknowledge publicly all the empty blue seats in the arena in Tulsa, instead focusing on the TV ratings and streaming of the event.