npr--2020-10-03--Coronavirus Maps: How Severe Is Your State's Outbreak?

Coronavirus Maps : How Severe Is Your State 's Outbreak ?
More than 7 million people in the U.S. have been infected with the coronavirus and more than 200,000 have died .
Tens of thousands of new cases are reported daily nationwide .
In the graphics below , explore the trends in your state .
View the data via a heat map ( immediately below ) , curve charts , a table of state-by-state trends over four weeks , or a map of total cases and deaths .
The map above shows the risk of infection in each state based @ @ @ @ @ @ @ These color-coded risk levels were developed by a consortium of researchers and public health experts .
The group advises states in the red category to issue stay-home orders .
Orange states may need to consider stay-home orders , along with increased testing and contact tracing .
Yellow states need to keep up social distancing and mask usage , and both yellow and green states should continue testing and contact tracing .
To compare state outbreaks , the chart above graphs trend lines for average new daily cases and deaths against each state 's @ @ @ @ @ @ @ visualization highlights a state 's daily growth or decline relative to the overall size of its outbreak .
When both new and total case and death counts grow quickly , the curves bend upward .
As new cases and deaths slow , the curves level or bend down .
In New York , the curve rose sharply before reaching over 170,000 total cases in April .
Since then , new cases have fallen from about 10,000 per day in mid-April to under 800 per day in late September .
Explore the map above @ @ @ @ @ @ @ around the country for both new confirmed cases and reported deaths from COVID-19 .
New York was the original epicenter of the pandemic in the U.S. As of mid August , California , Florida and Texas have surpassed New York for total cases to date , though New York still has the highest death total .
Click here to see a global map of confirmed cases and deaths .
To show trends , the table below shows the change in average new cases per day in each state , week over week for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in shades of red have growing outbreaks ; those in shades of green , are declining .
The graphics on this page pull from data compiled by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University from several sources , including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ; the World Health Organization ; national , state and local government health departments ; 1point3acres ; and local media reports .
The JHU team automates its data uploads and regularly checks them for anomalies .
This may result in occasional data discrepancies @ @ @ @ @ @ @ resolves anomalies and updates its feeds .
State-by-state recovery data are unavailable at this time .
There may be discrepancies between what you see here and what you see on your local health department 's website .
Figures shown do not include cases on cruise ships .
In early June , Michigan health authorities started including probable cases in its totals .
This resulted in a brief spike in the state 's daily numbers until the JHU team was able to reconcile the historical data .
On June 25 , New Jersey included @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , resulting in a spike in the state 's daily death numbers .
This story was originally published on March 16 , 2020 .
Elena Renken was a co-author on that version .
Sean McMinn contributed to and Carmel Wroth edited this story .

Tracking the coronavirus around the U.S.: See how your state is doing
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Note: This page was last updated on Feb. 1, 2023. It will no longer be updated. For current data on COVID cases and deaths, demographics, and hospitalizations, consult the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
As of Feb. 1, there have been more than 101 million confirmed coronavirus infections in the U.S. and more than 1 million people have died of COVID-19. In the graphics below, explore the trends in your state.
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The above charts show average new cases per 100,000 people for each state over the last 12 months.
Note: Actual cases may be substantially higher, since many who test positive with at-home tests don't report their cases.
For additional data about COVID-19 in the U.S, including cases and deaths, demographics, and hospitalizations, consult the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website.
To show trends, the table below shows the change in average new cases per day in each state, week over week for the last 28 days. States marked in shades of red have growing outbreaks; those in shades of green, are declining.
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Methodology
The graphics on this page pull from data compiled by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University from several sources, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; the World Health Organization; national, state and local government health departments; 1point3acres; and local media reports.
The JHU team automates its data uploads and regularly checks them for anomalies. This may result in occasional data discrepancies on this page as the JHU team resolves anomalies and updates its feeds. There may be discrepancies between what you see here and what you see on your local health department's website. Figures shown do not include cases on cruise ships.
Fluctuations in the numbers may happen as health authorities review old cases, process testing backlogs or update their methodologies. The JHU team maintains a list of such changes.
This story was originally published on March 16, 2020. Elena Renken was a co-author on that version. Sean McMinn and Audrey Carlsen contributed to this story. Carmel Wroth edited this story.


npr--2020-10-03--Vice President Pence Continues Duties Despite White House Coronavirus Cases

Vice President Mike Pence , who on Friday tested negative for the coronavirus , plans to maintain his usual schedule in the coming days , despite several confirmed cases of the virus within the White House , including President Trump and the First Lady .
Pence on Friday continued with his normal duties — and stepped in for President Trump at at least one virtual event — even as confirmed cases of COVID-19 shook the Oval Office and led to concerns regarding the possibility of confirming a Supreme Court justice to the bench and the upcoming Nov. 3 election .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ to the presidency in the event of an emergency , was in close proximity to Trump as recently as Tuesday .
Pence 's physician , Dr. Jesse Schonau , released a statement Friday saying Pence does not need to quarantine and can `` go about his normal activities '' because he is `` not considered a close contact with any individuals who have tested positive for COVID , including President Donald J .
Trump . ''
The vice president is still expected to attend and participate in the vice presidential debate against Democratic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Trump , who has been loathe to wear masks — and has indeed mocked his rivals for wearing the widely recommended face coverings — confirmed he and his wife 's positive diagnoses for the coronavirus in the early morning hours on Friday .
The news came hours after it was reported that Hope Hicks , a close adviser to the president who had traveled on Air Force One multiple times in the past week , had tested positive for the virus .
Since then , a handful of additional prominent Washington players @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Sen. Mike Lee of Utah and Sen. Thom Tillis of North Carolina , both Republicans on the Judiciary Committee , confirmed on Friday that they had also tested positive for COVID-19 , days after they was seen at the White House meeting with Judge Amy Coney Barrett .
Lee was seen mask in hand , not on face hugging and greeting people in the Rose Garden at the announcement of Barrett as Trump 's nominee to the Supreme Court .
Days later , both met with Judge Barrett and were photographed maskless @ @ @ @ @

Vice President Pence Continues Duties Despite White House Coronavirus Cases
Enlarge this image toggle caption Pool/Getty Images Pool/Getty Images
Vice President Mike Pence, who on Friday tested negative for the coronavirus, plans to maintain his usual schedule in the coming days, despite several confirmed cases of the virus within the White House, including President Trump and the First Lady.
Pence on Friday continued with his normal duties — and stepped in for President Trump at at least one virtual event — even as confirmed cases of COVID-19 shook the Oval Office and led to concerns regarding the possibility of confirming a Supreme Court justice to the bench and the upcoming Nov. 3 election.
Pence, who is next in line to the presidency in the event of an emergency, was in close proximity to Trump as recently as Tuesday.
Pence's physician, Dr. Jesse Schonau, released a statement Friday saying Pence does not need to quarantine and can "go about his normal activities" because he is "not considered a close contact with any individuals who have tested positive for COVID, including President Donald J. Trump."
The vice president is still expected to attend and participate in the vice presidential debate against Democratic vice presidential nominee Kamala Harris on Wednesday.
Trump, who has been loath to wear masks — and has indeed mocked his rivals for wearing the widely recommended face coverings — confirmed he and his wife's positive diagnoses for the coronavirus in the early morning hours on Friday.
The news came hours after it was reported that Hope Hicks, a close adviser to the president who had traveled on Air Force One multiple times in the past week, had tested positive for the virus.
Since then, a handful of additional prominent Washington players have confirmed positive diagnoses for the virus.
Sen. Mike Lee of Utah and Sen. Thom Tillis of North Carolina, both Republicans on the Judiciary Committee, confirmed on Friday that they had also tested positive for COVID-19, days after they was seen at the White House meeting with Judge Amy Coney Barrett. Lee was seen mask in hand, not on face hugging and greeting people in the Rose Garden at the announcement of Barrett as Trump's nominee to the Supreme Court.
Days later, both met with Judge Barrett and were photographed maskless and not socially distanced.


npr--2020-10-03--How Gender Shapes Presidential Debates — Including Between Two Men

How Gender Shapes Presidential Debates — Including Between Two Men With news that the president and first lady have tested positive for coronavirus , Tuesday night 's presidential debate can seem like a distant memory by now .
Which is particularly wild because the debate was also unlike any Americans have tuned into before .
CNN 's Jake Tapper called it `` the worst debate I have ever seen '' and a `` disgrace . ''
In other words , it was a mess — and quantifiably so .
One analysis from Factba.se found that the debate changed speakers 1,210 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ every five seconds .
And while both candidates stepped on each other many times , Trump interrupted three times more than Biden , according to the Washington Post 's Aaron Blake .
Trump interrupted Biden 71 times , to Biden 's 22 interruptions .
The interruption-fest did not go unnoticed on Twitter — particularly among women .
`` Chris Wallace now feels the pain of women in meetings , '' FiveThirtyEight reporter Clare Malone tweeted .
Comedian Sarah Cooper , meanwhile , imagined the overwhelming politeness that would result from two women debating @ @ @ @ @ @ @ humor website Reductress put it , `` Study Reports Biden Interrupted Almost as Much as Average Woman in Meeting . ''
The debate that was met with near-universal condemnation is a useful window into how gender stereotypes play into expectations of how candidates `` should '' act — including when the people on stage are both cisgendered white men .
Because men have always been president and because presidential candidates have overwhelmingly been men , that means men — more specifically , cis white men — are still the default in American politics @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a role masculinity plays in American political discourse .
It is impossible to ignore at times , though , and perhaps particularly so with Donald Trump — most notably in a 2016 Republican primary debate , when he alluded to the size of his penis .
Tuesday 's presidential debate lacked that kind of crudeness , but masculine-coded behaviors came through .
There were vaguely threatening statements that would n't sound out of place in a schoolyard fight — as when Biden told Trump , `` You picked the wrong guy at the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , became inflamed when Biden said he needed to `` get a lot smarter '' — `` Did you use the word smart ?
... Do n't ever use the word 'smart ' with me .
Do n't ever use that word , '' Trump responded , then trying to insult Biden 's intelligence .
And while few are praising Trump 's performance , there is a sense among some that a woman would have paid a bigger penalty for being as over-the-top aggressive as he was .
`` If a woman behaved @ @ @ @ @ @ @ would probably be referred to as the ' B ' word , '' said Alice Stewart , a CNN commentator who worked on Texas Republican Sen. Ted Cruz 's 2016 presidential campaign and former Minnesota Republican Rep. Michele Bachmann 's 2012 campaign .
`` The perception [ and ] optics of a woman being forceful is offensive to some people , '' she added .
`` I do n't agree with that , but that 's the way the mind of some voters happens to work . ''
Stewart also believes that Trump @ @ @ @ @ @ @ than in 2016 because of whom he was debating .
`` He clearly felt emboldened to let the fire in his belly rage because Joe Biden was a man , '' Stewart said .
Moreover , identity can play into what candidates talk about .
As 19th News ' Errin Haines noted , they largely did n't talk about a variety of issues that disproportionately affect women , women of color , transgender and nonbinary Americans .
Trying to figure out how a debate would have played out with hypothetical candidates of a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ as a thought exercise .
After all , it 's impossible to know exactly how voters would respond to a theoretical woman version of Donald Trump .
And so researchers have decided to make it not as theoretical .
In early 2017 , Joe Salvatore from NYU and Maria Guadalupe from the business school INSEAD staged a binary gender-reversed version of the 2016 presidential debates , which they titled Her Opponent .
They replaced Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton with the fictional candidates Brenda King and Jonathan Gordon , and they had the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ performances — not just word for word , but gesture for gesture , facial expression for facial expression .
The results were surprising to Salvatore , as well as audience members .
Some viewers who did n't like Donald Trump , it turns out — and who thought his debate performance was objectively bad — unexpectedly liked the female version of Trump .
`` That actress could run for president in 2024 .
I 'm not joking , '' he said .
`` I mean that people are so engaged by the way @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' The fact that some voters liked Brenda King so much also made Salvatore wonder what made her palatable , even to some who did n't like Trump .
`` Is it that they value a woman who has masculine qualities in the way she communicates and behaves ? ''
And if so , he added : `` Does that mean that the only women that can really find themselves in sort of high-ranking leadership positions are the ones that embrace masculine qualities or characteristics in the way they communicate ? ''
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ other hand , was considered off-putting for a number of reasons — he seemed practiced to the point of inauthenticity to some .
Most notable to Salvatore in this vein was how viewers felt about his smiling .
`` Women , when they saw Her Opponent , repeatedly reported at the post-show dialogues that they did n't realize how much [ Clinton ] was smiling until it came out of him , '' Salvatore said .
`` Literally once a night , when we did the show , people would say , 'Did @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ? '
And I would say , 'Yes , she did . '
'' Salvatore and Guadalupe have experimented well beyond gender , for example staging a 2018 dispute between Serena Williams and a male umpire with both black and white men in Williams ' place , as well as a white woman .
The unsurprising upshot was that race deeply affected how people experienced the fictional Williams ' anger .
In Salvatore 's opinion , those expectations could affect how voters react to Kamala Harris in her next debate .
`` If @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , it 's amplified or exaggerated by the viewer , '' Salvatore said .
`` That 's where , watching a debate , I think Kamala Harris has a very tough job next week debating Mike Pence because she 's going to find herself in a similar situation to Clinton , but also it will be additionally complex , because she is a woman of color . ''
It 's impossible to concoct a wholly unified set of takeaways about gender and racial biases in debates , beyond that voters have different expectations @ @ @ @ @ @ @ act on stage .
And importantly , white , cisgendered men have up until now largely set what those expectations are .
It may be that a smile is more expected of a woman candidate — to the degree that a smile disappeared on Clinton — whereas a certain sternness is expected of men ... so much so that Clinton 's mannerisms were considered off-putting only when they were exhibited on the `` default '' white , cis , male candidate .
It may be that Trump 's 2016 performance , like the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ less threatening coming out of a woman .
Or that his mannerisms made her seem `` tough . ''
It 's definitely true that Clinton did n't feel comfortable saying what she wanted to say .
`` If you remember when he was walking around Hillary afterwards , Hillary said she wanted to just say , 'what are you doing ? '
'' said former congresswoman Pat Schroeder , D-Colo. , who explored a run for president in 1987 .
`` You know , but again , we 're always supposed to be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ complicating factor : It may also be , as Salvatore pointed out , that because Trump , Biden and Clinton are such well-known quantities in U.S. politics , that it 's impossible to separate their demographics from how people see them .
What we saw from women in the 2020 race With Harris set to debate Pence next week , there will be entirely new dynamics to watch for , both in terms of gender and race .
One particular moment in the mixed-gender Democratic primary debates signaled that the women candidates felt @ @ @ @ @ @ @ At a December Democratic primary debate moderators gave the candidates the opportunity to either `` give a gift '' to a fellow candidate or `` ask forgiveness '' of them .
Notably , only the two women on stage asked for forgiveness , and more than that , they asked forgiveness for being passionate .
`` I know that sometimes , I get really worked up , and sometimes I get a little hot .
I do n't really mean to , '' Warren said .
`` I would ask for forgiveness any @ @ @ @ @ @ @ me .
I can be blunt , '' Klobuchar said .
Regardless of how voters felt about those candidates ' anger or passion , Warren and Klobuchar clearly felt a need to acknowledge and backpedal them to some degree .
For his part , Salvatore believes that there could be more room for women candidates to express themselves than some might assume .
`` I have on multiple occasions , based on people 's responses to the female Donald Trump character and her opponent , [ I ] have gone back and wondered @ @ @ @ @ @ @ response to things that Trump was doing , '' he said .
`` If she had presented it and reacted with authenticity , would we have had a different experience ? ''
That raises a raft of new questions , though — do women face a higher bar for being perceived as `` authentic , '' especially when they are expressing anger ?
And moreover , is the `` authenticity '' voters expect shaped in fundamental ways by watching mostly male politicians ?
It may well be that Clinton could have punched back @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with no negative repercussions .
She does n't seem to think so , though .
After Biden snapped at Trump Tuesday night , telling him to `` shut up , '' writer Jill Filipovic tweeted , `` I so feel for Hillary right now because I 'm positive she wanted to say that and could n't . ''
Clinton responded : `` You have no idea . ''

How Gender Shapes Presidential Debates — Even When Between 2 Men
Enlarge this image toggle caption SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
With news that the president and first lady have tested positive for coronavirus, Tuesday night's presidential debate can seem like a distant memory by now.
That is particularly wild because the debate was unlike any Americans have tuned into before. CNN's Jake Tapper called it "the worst debate I have ever seen" and a "disgrace."
In other words, it was a mess — and quantifiably so.
One analysis from Factba.se found that the debate switched speakers 1,210 times. That's more than once every five seconds.
And while both candidates stepped on each other many times, Trump interrupted three times more than Biden, according to The Washington Post's Aaron Blake. By the count, Trump interrupted Biden 71 times, to Biden's 22 interruptions.
(The huge discrepancy between his count and Factba.se's is in part because Blake was only counting Trump and Biden and not moderator Chris Wallace, and also because he used very strict criteria to define "interruption.")
The interruption-fest did not go unnoticed on Twitter — particularly among women.
"Chris Wallace now feels the pain of women in meetings," FiveThirtyEight reporter Clare Malone tweeted. Comedian Sarah Cooper, meanwhile, imagined the overwhelming politeness that would result from two women debating each other.
As a headline at humor website Reductress put it, "Study Reports Biden Interrupted Almost as Much as Average Woman in Meeting."
The debate that was met with near-universal condemnation is a useful window into how gender stereotypes play into expectations of how candidates "should" act — including when the people on stage are both cisgendered white men.
How masculinity showed up Tuesday night
Because men have always been president and because presidential candidates have overwhelmingly been men, that means men — more specifically, cis white men — are still the default in American politics. That can obscure how much of a role masculinity plays in American political discourse.
It is impossible to ignore at times, though, and perhaps particularly so with Donald Trump — most notably in a 2016 Republican primary debate, when he alluded to the size of his penis.
Tuesday's presidential debate lacked that kind of crudeness, but masculine-coded behaviors came through. There were vaguely threatening statements that wouldn't sound out of place in a schoolyard fight — as when Biden told Trump, "You picked the wrong guy at the wrong time."
Trump, meanwhile, became inflamed when Biden said he needed to "get a lot smarter" — "Did you use the word 'smart'? ... Don't ever use the word 'smart' with me. Don't ever use that word," Trump responded, then trying to insult Biden's intelligence.
And while few are praising Trump's performance, there is a sense among some that a woman would have paid a bigger penalty for being as over-the-top aggressive as he was.
"If a woman behaved the way President Trump behaved, she would probably be referred to as the B-word," said Alice Stewart, a CNN commentator who worked on Texas Republican Sen. Ted Cruz's 2016 presidential campaign and former Minnesota Republican Rep. Michele Bachmann's 2012 campaign.
"The perception [and] optics of a woman being forceful is offensive to some people," she added. "I don't agree with that, but that's the way the mind of some voters happens to work."
Stewart also believes that Trump's debate performance was more overtly angry than in 2016 because of whom he was debating.
"He clearly felt emboldened to let the fire in his belly rage because Joe Biden was a man," Stewart said.
Moreover, identity can play into what candidates talk about. As 19th News' Errin Haines noted, they largely didn't talk about a variety of issues that disproportionately affect women, women of color, transgender and nonbinary Americans.
Gender-swapping the debates
Trying to figure out how a debate would have played out with hypothetical candidates of a different gender is only of limited use as a thought exercise. After all, it's impossible to know exactly how voters would respond to a theoretical female version of Donald Trump.
And so researchers have decided to make it not as theoretical. In early 2017, Joe Salvatore from New York University and Maria Guadalupe from the business school INSEAD staged a binary gender-reversed version of the 2016 presidential debates, which they titled Her Opponent.
They replaced Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton with the fictional candidates Brenda King and Jonathan Gordon and had the actors replicate Trump and Clinton's debate performances — not just word for word, but gesture for gesture, facial expression for facial expression.
The results were surprising to Salvatore, as well as to audience members. Some viewers who didn't like Donald Trump — and who thought his debate performance was objectively bad — unexpectedly liked the female version of Trump.
"That actress could run for president in 2024. I'm not joking," one man said. "I mean that people are so engaged by the way that woman behaves in those clips."
YouTube
The fact that some voters liked Brenda King so much also made Salvatore wonder what made her palatable, even to some who didn't like Trump.
"Is it that they value a woman who has masculine qualities in the way she communicates and behaves?" And if so, he added: "Does that mean that the only women that can really find themselves in sort of high-ranking leadership positions are the ones that embrace masculine qualities or characteristics in the way they communicate?"
The male stand-in for Clinton, on the other hand, was considered off-putting for a number of reasons — he seemed practiced to the point of inauthenticity to some. Most notable to Salvatore in this vein was how viewers felt about his smiling.
"Women, when they saw Her Opponent, repeatedly reported at the post-show dialogues that they didn't realize how much [Clinton] was smiling until it came out of him," Salvatore said. "Literally once a night, when we did the show, people would say, 'Did [Clinton] really smile that much?' And I would say, 'Yes, she did.' "
Salvatore and Guadalupe have experimented well beyond gender, for example staging a 2018 dispute between Serena Williams and a male umpire with both black and white men in Williams' place, as well as a white woman. The unsurprising upshot was that race deeply affected how people experienced the fictional Williams' anger. In Salvatore's opinion, those expectations could affect how voters react to Kamala Harris in her next debate.
"If a person of color is expressing anger, it's amplified or exaggerated by the viewer," Salvatore said. "That's where, watching a debate, I think Kamala Harris has a very tough job next week debating Mike Pence because she's going to find herself in a similar situation to Clinton, but also it will be additionally complex, because she is a woman of color."
It's impossible to concoct a wholly unified set of takeaways about gender and racial biases in debates, beyond that voters have different expectations for how people of different identities should act on stage. And importantly, white, cisgendered men have up until now largely set what those expectations are.
It may be that a smile is more expected of a female candidate — to the degree that a smile disappeared on Clinton — whereas a certain sternness is expected of men ... so much so that Clinton's mannerisms were considered off-putting only when they were exhibited on the "default" white, cis, male candidate.
It may be that Trump's 2016 performance, like the way he loomed behind Clinton, seemed less threatening coming out of a woman. Or that his mannerisms made her seem "tough."
It's definitely true that Clinton didn't feel comfortable saying what she wanted to say.
"If you remember when he was walking around Hillary afterwards, Hillary said she wanted to just say, 'What are you doing?' " said former congresswoman Pat Schroeder, D-Colo., who explored a run for president in 1987. "You know, but again, we're always supposed to be the nice ones."
(Clinton was in fact harsher than this: in her book What Happened; she said she wanted to say, "Back up you creep, get away from me.")
One more complicating factor: It may also be, as Salvatore pointed out, that because Trump, Biden and Clinton are such well-known quantities in U.S. politics, it's impossible to separate their demographics from how people see them.
What we saw from women in the 2020 race
With Harris set to debate Pence next week, there will be entirely new dynamics to watch for, both in terms of gender and race.
One particular moment in the mixed-gender Democratic primary debates signaled that the female candidates felt the need to soften their anger. At a December Democratic primary debate, moderators gave the candidates the opportunity to either "give a gift" to a fellow candidate or "ask forgiveness" of them.
Notably, only the two women on stage asked for forgiveness, and more than that, they asked forgiveness for being passionate.
"I know that sometimes, I get really worked up, and sometimes I get a little hot. I don't really mean to," Warren said.
"I would ask for forgiveness any time any of you get mad at me. I can be blunt," Klobuchar said.
Regardless of how voters felt about those candidates' anger or passion, Warren and Klobuchar clearly felt a need to acknowledge and backpedal them to some degree.
But Salvatore believes that there may be more room for female candidates to express themselves than some might assume.
"I have on multiple occasions, based on people's responses to the female Donald Trump character and her opponent, [I] have gone back and wondered if Hillary Clinton authentically had an angry response to things that Trump was doing," he said. "If she had presented it and reacted with authenticity, would we have had a different experience?"
That raises a raft of new questions, though — do women face a higher bar for being perceived as "authentic," especially when they are expressing anger? And moreover, is the "authenticity" voters expect shaped in fundamental ways by watching mostly male politicians?
(Also, there's some messiness around what "authenticity" even means. As columnist Rebecca Traister has pointed out, plenty of male politicians — particularly Trump, though she also singled out Biden — managed to get a reputation for being "authentic" despite repeatedly saying things that aren't true.)
It may well be that Clinton could have punched back against Trump harder than she did, with no negative repercussions.
She doesn't seem to think so, though.
After Biden snapped at Trump on Tuesday night, telling him to "shut up," writer Jill Filipovic tweeted, "I so feel for Hillary right now because I'm positive she wanted to say that and couldn't."
Clinton responded: "You have no idea."


npr--2020-10-03--How Do You Contact Trace The President Of The United States?

How Do You Contact Trace The President Of The United States ?
Regular , every-day contact tracing for the coronavirus typically entails a health worker calling up to a dozen or so contacts of the person with the known infection .
But what does it look like when you 're contact tracing the President of the United States , in the hectic , jam-packed last weeks of a reelection campaign ?
During the period when he may have already been infected with the coronavirus , President Trump spent time in four states and the District of Columbia , attended at @ @ @ @ @ @ @ fundraisers and rallies and made contact with an unknown number of people .
A quick , effective contact tracing response could catch any new infections and stop outbreaks from flaring up in those communities .
And state and local health workers — as well as the White House medical staff — are working on it .
But it 's probably not realistic to ask every one of the President 's potential contacts to quarantine and get tested .
So how do health workers determine who 's at serious risk ?
First , they @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the president might have been infectious .
With reports that he was showing symptoms as early as Wednesday , the most dangerous time probably started two to three days before that , experts say .
`` If you 're being really conservative , you might go five days back , '' says Justin Lessler an epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health .
`` After the first couple of days , the further you go back , the less likely it is that he was , you know , actually infectious @ @ @ @ @ @ @ counts as a contact ?
Does sitting outdoors at a Rose Garden event put you at risk of catching a virus from the President at the podium ?
The CDC definition of a contact is someone who was within 6 feet of the infected person for at least 15 minutes .
Those contacts are the highest risk , Lessler says .
The risk might be lower if both parties were wearing a mask explains Crystal Watson , a senior scholar with the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security .
`` While they do @ @ @ @ @ @ @ sometimes [ masks ] can reduce the amount of virus that is transmitted , '' she says , and that can mean someone who gets infected might not get as sick .
It 's not known if the President wore a mask at all his recent appearances .
But he 's often appeared without one , and even mocked former Vice President Joe Biden for how regularly he wears them .
But Lessler cautions , close-proximity contacts are not the only at-risk people .
There is some risk for anyone who spent extended @ @ @ @ @ @ @ President ( or anyone else who may have been infected ) .
`` Particularly since mask wearing may not have been going on , we would probably consider all of those people in those confined spaces — even if it 's a big conference room — as being potential contacts , '' Lessler says .
That 's because the virus can accumulate in the air and potentially spread throughout the room .
Perhaps the biggest challenge in contact tracing in this situation , Watson says , is that it 's unknown how Trump @ @ @ @ @ @ @ need to find the original , or `` index '' case .
`` We 're seeing more and more evidence that there are additional cases here , '' she says .
`` And so we need to understand how big that outbreak is and whether other people should be worried beyond just those who had contact with the president and first lady . ''
There 's some good news here .
Many times , the toughest part of tracing contacts is remembering who you were close to .
`` This is a very @ @ @ @ @ @ @ : It 's very hard to forget that you had contact with the President of the United States , '' says Watson .
Plus almost everyone who spends time in close proximity with the President is on an official list .
`` He 's in some ways the contact tracer 's dream because every single person he 's contacted , they 're going to have a record of it , and there 's a very precise schedule , '' Lessler says .
If all goes well , contact tracers could identify all the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ quarantine for 14 days and get tested .
But even if they get a negative test result , they may not be in the clear and should remain in quarantine , Lessler says .
He explains that there 's a high rate of false negatives immediately following exposure to the virus .
`` The first couple of days after exposure , the test is n't going to tell you very much .
You really need to wait at least a few days after exposure and have any chance of testing positive , '' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ meantime , quarantine . ''

How Do You Contact Trace The President Of The United States?
Enlarge this image toggle caption Stephen Maturen/Getty Images Stephen Maturen/Getty Images
Regular, every-day contact tracing for the coronavirus typically entails a health worker calling up to a dozen or so contacts of the person with the known infection. But what does it look like when you're contact tracing the President of the United States, in the hectic, jam-packed last weeks of a reelection campaign?
During the period when he may have already been infected with the coronavirus, President Trump spent time in four states and the District of Columbia, attended at least 10 live events, including private fundraisers and rallies and made contact with an unknown number of people.
A quick, effective contact tracing response could catch any new infections and stop outbreaks from flaring up in those communities. And state and local health workers — as well as the White House medical staff — are working on it.
But it's probably not realistic to ask every one of the President's potential contacts to quarantine and get tested. So how do health workers determine who's at serious risk?
First, they have to assess the time period when the president might have been infectious. With reports that he was showing symptoms as early as Wednesday, the most dangerous time probably started two to three days before that, experts say.
"If you're being really conservative, you might go five days back," says Justin Lessler an epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. "After the first couple of days, the further you go back, the less likely it is that he was, you know, actually infectious to anybody."
And what really counts as a contact? Does sitting outdoors at a Rose Garden event put you at risk of catching a virus from the President at the podium? The CDC definition of a contact is someone who was within 6 feet of the infected person for at least 15 minutes. Those contacts are the highest risk, Lessler says.
The risk might be lower if both parties were wearing a mask explains Crystal Watson, a senior scholar with the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. "While they don't necessarily prevent transmission every time, sometimes [masks] can reduce the amount of virus that is transmitted," she says,and that can mean someone who gets infected might not get as sick.
It's not known if the President wore a mask at all his recent appearances. But he's often appeared without one, and even mocked former Vice President Joe Biden for how regularly he wears them.
But Lessler cautions, close-proximity contacts are not the only at-risk people. There is some risk for anyone who spent extended time in an indoor space with the President (or anyone else who may have been infected).
"Particularly since mask wearing may not have been going on, we would probably consider all of those people in those confined spaces — even if it's a big conference room — as being potential contacts," Lessler says.
That's because the virus can accumulate in the air and potentially spread throughout the room.
Perhaps the biggest challenge in contact tracing in this situation, Watson says, is that it's unknown how Trump himself got infected, so investigators still need to find the original, or "index" case.
"We're seeing more and more evidence that there are additional cases here," she says. "And so we need to understand how big that outbreak is and whether other people should be worried beyond just those who had contact with the president and first lady."
There's some good news here. Many times, the toughest part of tracing contacts is remembering who you were close to.
"This is a very, very different case of contact tracing: It's very hard to forget that you had contact with the President of the United States," says Watson.
Plus almost everyone who spends time in close proximity with the President is on an official list. "He's in some ways the contact tracer's dream because every single person he's contacted, they're going to have a record of it,and there's a very precise schedule," Lessler says.
If all goes well, contact tracers could identify all the people at risk and inform them to quarantine for 14 days and get tested.
But even if they get a negative test result, they may not be in the clear and should remain in quarantine, Lessler says . He explains that there's a high rate of false negatives immediately following exposure to the virus.
"The first couple of days after exposure, the test isn't going to tell you very much. You really need to wait at least a few days after exposure and have any chance of testing positive," he says. "And in the meantime, quarantine."


npr--2020-10-03--Trump Campaign Manager, Kellyanne Conway Are Latest To Test Positive For Coronavirus

Trump Campaign Manager , Kellyanne Conway Are Latest To Test Positive For Coronavirus Donald Trump 's campaign manager , Bill Stepien is the latest in the president 's inner circle to test positive for the coronavirus , a campaign official confirmed to NPR .
Stepien took over the campaign in July , replacing Brad Parscale .
He had previously served as the campaign 's deputy manager .
According to Politico , he is experiencing mild symptoms and `` plans to quarantine until he recovers . ''
Trump announced early Friday that he and the first lady had tested positive for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ staying at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , at the recommendation of his physician .
He thanked his well-wishers for their support in a brief video posted to Twitter and said he feels that he 's `` doing very well . ''
The president 's diagnosis came hours after Hope Hicks , one of Trump 's close advisers , had tested positive for the coronavirus .
Hicks had traveled with him to both Tuesday 's debate and to a rally in Minnesota the next day .
Stepien was also at Tuesday @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Biden announced Friday that he and his wife had both tested negative for the coronavirus .
After announcing his test results , Biden said in a tweet that he hoped it served as a reminder to `` wear a mask , keep social distance , and wash your hands .
He also tweeted his well wishes to the president and first lady , saying he would be `` pray for the health and safety of the president and his family . ''
Kellyanne Conway , a former White House advisor , also announced @ @ @ @ @ @ @ late Friday .
Conway no longer works at the White House , but recently attended a ceremony at the Rose Garden after Trump formally nominated Amy Coney Barrett to fill the Supreme Court seat left vacant by the late Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg .
Several others who attended the event have also tested positive , including Hicks , Senators Mike Lee and Thom Tillis and John Jenkins , the president of Notre Dame University .
Conway said in a tweet she was experiencing mild symptoms and had `` begun a quarantine @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
`` As always , my heart is with everyone affected by this global pandemic , '' she wrote .

Trump Campaign Manager, Kellyanne Conway Are Latest To Test Positive For Coronavirus
Enlarge this image toggle caption Evan Vucci/AP Evan Vucci/AP
Donald Trump's campaign manager, Bill Stepien is the latest in the president's inner circle to test positive for the coronavirus, a campaign official confirmed to NPR.
Stepien took over the campaign in July, replacing Brad Parscale. He had previously served as the campaign's deputy manager. According to Politico, he is experiencing mild symptoms and "plans to quarantine until he recovers."
Trump announced early Friday that he and the first lady had tested positive for the coronavirus. The president is currently staying at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, at the recommendation of his physician. He thanked his well-wishers for their support in a brief video posted to Twitter and said he feels that he's "doing very well."
The president's diagnosis came hours after Hope Hicks, one of Trump's close advisers, had tested positive for the coronavirus. Hicks had traveled with him to both Tuesday's debate and to a rally in Minnesota the next day. Stepien was also at Tuesday's debate.
Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden announced Friday that he and his wife had both tested negative for the coronavirus. After announcing his test results, Biden said in a tweet that he hoped it served as a reminder to " wear a mask, keep social distance, and wash your hands. He also tweeted his well wishes to the president and first lady, saying he would be "pray for the health and safety of the president and his family."
Kellyanne Conway, a former White House advisor, also announced she had tested positive for the coronavirus late Friday. Conway no longer works at the White House, but recently attended a ceremony at the Rose Garden after Trump formally nominated Amy Coney Barrett to fill the Supreme Court seat left vacant by the late Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Several others who attended the event have also tested positive, including Sens. Mike Lee and Thom Tillis, and Notre Dame University President John Jenkins.
Conway said in a tweet she was experiencing mild symptoms and had "begun a quarantine process" after consulting with her physicians.
"As always, my heart is with everyone affected by this global pandemic," she wrote.


npr--2020-10-02--Facebook, Twitter And TikTok Say Wishing Trump's Death From COVID-19 Is Not Allowed

Facebook , Twitter And TikTok Say Wishing Trump 's Death From COVID-19 Is Not Allowed As reaction to President Trump 's positive coronavirus test floods social media , Facebook , Twitter and TikTok have a message to users : Wishing for the president to die is not allowed .
All three tech companies confirmed that such posts will be removed for violating each platform 's content policies .
As moderators scramble to pull down posts that express hope that Trump succumbs to the virus , wild speculation , conspiracy theories and other falsehoods about the president and first lady 's @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the platforms , with each of them making dicey calls about what is permissible and what crosses a line .
On Trump death wishes , though , the companies fell in line .
A Facebook spokesperson said posts wishing Trump 's death — including comments on the president 's pages , and posts that tag him — will be taken down from the social network .
Twitter said tweets that `` wish or hope for death , serious bodily harm or fatal disease '' against anyone , including the president , will be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ such `` abusive '' behavior can lead to an account being suspended .
A spokesperson for TikTok told NPR that cheering on Trump 's death would be in violation of the short-form video app 's community guidelines , saying content longing for Trump 's demise `` would be a violation of our community guidelines and removed if we find that . ''
A federal law , Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act , allows tech companies to set their own rules for what is and is not allowed to be posted to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , who studies online content moderation , said abusive behavior should be policed on the platforms , but she said enforcement has long been too lax for those who are not in the public spotlight .
`` There 's been an outpouring of regular people saying , ' I 've been seeing death threats , rape threats , doxxing for years , ' and there 's been a complete lack of action , '' Roberts said .
`` It 's much easier to go and find instances against a major public figure like @ @ @ @ @ @ @ with the everyday degradation against everyone else . ''
Roberts said she is sympathetic to how difficult decisions about such content can be , since `` the social media companies do n't have a playbook to go by , '' adding that , `` those deciding what content to remove are often some of the least empowered and lowest on the hierarchy workers who are in real-time dealing with the world 's bad behavior . ''

Facebook, Twitter And TikTok Say Wishing Trump's Death From COVID-19 Is Not Allowed
Enlarge this image toggle caption Jenny Kane/AP Jenny Kane/AP
Updated 5:50 p.m. ET Monday
As reaction to President Trump's positive coronavirus test floods social media, Facebook, Twitter and TikTok have a message to users: Wishing for the president to die is not allowed.
All three tech companies confirmed that such posts will be removed for violating each platform's content policies.
As moderators scramble to pull down posts that express hope that Trump succumbs to the virus, wild speculation, conspiracy theories and other falsehoods about the president and first lady's positive COVID-19 tests have been surging on the platforms, with each of them making dicey calls about what is permissible and what crosses a line.
On Trump death wishes, though, the companies fell in line.
A Facebook spokesperson said posts wishing Trump's death — including comments on the president's pages, and posts that tag him — will be taken down from the social network.
Twitter said tweets that "wish or hope for death, serious bodily harm or fatal disease" against anyone, including the president, will be pulled off the platform. Twitter says such "abusive" behavior can lead to an account being suspended.
A spokesperson for TikTok told NPR that cheering on Trump's death would be in violation of the short-form video app's community guidelines, saying content longing for Trump's demise "would be a violation of our community guidelines and removed if we find that."
Leah McElrath, a left-leaning activist and writer who has been harassed and targeted with threats on Twitter, said she would like to see the same protection applied to regular users like herself.
"We've been asking them to do this for years. Jewish people have been asking. Black people have been asking, Women of every ethnicity have been asking, and they haven't," McElrath said.
Last month, someone made a death threat against McElrath on Twitter. She reported it, but it remained up for a week before Twitter removed it. She has stopped reporting threatening tweets against her to Twitter, frustrated with the platform's inaction.
"So what I started doing was blocking immediately. As soon as someone said something that wasn't in good faith or was overtly abusive, I'd just block them," she said.
McElrath said she has blocked more than 7,000 users. Not just for people saying mean things, but after users wished harm on her.
"Trump is the president. He already has a lot of protection," she said. "The reality is that women like me, and black women before me, have been telling Twitter this is a huge issue and a problem that makes the platform really challenging to stay on."
She joins legions of others, many of them women, who are frustrated with the company's tough stance on posts about Trump.
Rashida Tlaib, a Democratic Congresswoman of Michigan and member of the so-called Squad, a group of progressive Democratic women of color, tweeted that Twitter being on high alert over Trump death threats is "messed up."
"The death threats towards us should have been taking more seriously," Tlaib wrote.
A federal law, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, allows tech companies to set their own rules for what is and is not allowed to be posted to their platforms.
UCLA professor Sarah Roberts, who studies online content moderation, said abusive behavior should be policed on the platforms, but she said it is true that enforcement has long been too lax for those who are not in the public spotlight.
"There's been an outpouring of regular people saying, 'I've been seeing death threats, rape threats, doxxing for years,' and there's been a complete lack of action," Roberts said. "It's much easier to go and find instances against a major public figure like Trump and erase it than it is with the everyday degradation against everyone else."
Roberts said she is sympathetic to how difficult decisions about such content can be, since "the social media companies don't have a playbook to go by," adding that, "those deciding what content to remove are often some of the least empowered and lowest on the hierarchy workers who are in real-time dealing with the world's bad behavior."
Officials at Twitter say concerns that content moderation decisions are not evenly applied are being listened to and that the company is committed to making its content policies more equitable.
"It's clear we still have so much to do to make Twitter safer and more inclusive,"said Twitter's Vijaya Gadde in a tweet. "The criticism pushes me and our entire team to be better."


npr--2020-10-02--Trump Receives Experimental Drugs For COVID-19. Here's What Doctors Are Watching For

Trump Receives Experimental Drugs For COVID-19 .
Here 's What Doctors Are Watching For President Trump will be staying in the presidential suite at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center for the next few days , according to the White House .
The president 's doctor released a written statement saying Trump is `` is doing well , '' after testing positive for the coronavirus , adding that the president is `` not requiring any supplemental oxygen . ''
But Trump was given Remdesivir , an intravenous antiviral medication which has been shown , by rigorous scientific testing , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ However , the drug 's proven benefits are modest : reducing hospital stays from 11 to 15 days .
Before the president left the White House , he received a single dose of Regeneron 's polyclonal antibody cocktail , an experimental drug that has shown promise in initial trials in improving symptoms and reducing virus levels in the body .
The drug is currently being evaluated but has not received Food and Drug Administration approval .
Trump `` completed the infusion without incident , '' White House physician Sean Conley wrote in a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ As of this afternoon , the President remains fatigued but in good spirits . ''
But given the president 's age , 74 , and his weight , 244 pounds , doctors said he 's at higher risk of serious illness .
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found that patients in their early to mid-70s are five times more likely to be hospitalized , and much more likely to die , compared with people in their 20s .
With a body mass index of just over 30 , Trump is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ not drink alcohol or smoke , he has other possible risk factors .
The president has a history of elevated cholesterol , which he takes a statin medication to control .
In addition , his doctors have reported calcium buildup in his blood vessels in the mild to moderate range .
COVID-19 is unpredictable , ranging from very mild to severe cases , so it 's not yet clear how Trump will fare in the coming days .
Experts said Trump 's doctors will likely monitor him closely and can consider a range @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 's antibody cocktail , if his condition deteriorates .
Here 's a list of things doctors will be watching for : What treatments and therapies are Trump 's doctors likely to consider ?
In addition to the antibody cocktail , Trump 's physician said the president has also been taking zinc , which is known to affect the immune system , and vitamin D supplements .
For now , the president will likely be getting supportive care , said Colleen Kraft , an infectious disease physician and associate chief medical officer at Emory @ @ @ @ @ @ @ fever , he 'd be given fever-reducing medicines , such as Tylenol .
And doctors said it 's important for Trump to get plenty of rest , drink lots of fluids and eat well .
Doctors will likely monitor the president closely and hold off on any other medicines or therapies unless his condition deteriorates .
Symptoms can change quickly , so how will the president 's doctors monitor any changes ?
Trump 's medical team will likely monitor his temperature , heart rate , blood pressure and oxygen saturation .
`` They @ @ @ @ @ @ @ his vital signs , '' Galiatsatos said .
Since some people with COVID-19 have had low oxygen levels before they noticed a shortness of breath , monitoring the blood oxygen with a pulse oximeter can help detect a problem sooner .
Galiatsatos said , `` What we have recognized with COVID-19 is that the majority of patients , when they get sick , [ do n't have an ] all-at-once decline . ''
Symptoms can progress gradually , so constant monitoring is key .
What tests will Trump 's doctors consider ?
Trump @ @ @ @ @ @ @ said Dr. Faisal Masud , medical director of critical care at Houston Methodist Hospital , so a range of tests would be appropriate .
Masud said if he were on the president 's medical team , he would do a CT scan of the chest to check his lungs and an ultrasound of the heart to help evaluate his heart function .
He 'd also order blood tests to check a number of markers for inflammation and would check markers for kidney function .
Do Trump 's current mild symptoms indicate anything about @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mild symptoms on Day 1 does not mean you 're going to have mild symptoms for the rest of your course , '' Galiatsatos said .
Of course , it 's possible that Trump may not develop any further symptoms , Galiatsatos added .
But he said that given Trump 's age , his weight and his gender ( men tend to do worse than women ) , the president has `` several strikes against him . ''
`` These are strikes that raise the probability that his COVID-19 may go from mild @ @ @ @ @ @ @ However , even if Trump 's symptoms do get worse , doctors have learned a great deal about treating COVID-19 in the last 10 months , Emory 's Kraft said .
And as president , she noted , Trump is expected to get the most sophisticated care currently available .
`` I expect that the president , with the attention that he will get , should do well , '' Kraft said .

Trump Receives Experimental Drugs For COVID-19. Here's What Doctors Are Watching For
Enlarge this image toggle caption Mandel Ngan/AFP via Getty Images Mandel Ngan/AFP via Getty Images
President Trump will be staying in the presidential suite at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center for the next few days, according to the White House.
The president's doctor released a written statement saying Trump is "is doing well," after testing positive for the coronavirus, adding that the president is "not requiring any supplemental oxygen."
But Trump was given Remdesivir, an intravenous antiviral medication which has been shown, by rigorous scientific testing, to be helpful for treating COVID-19. However, the drug's proven benefits are modest: reducing hospital stays from 11 to 15 days.
Before the president left the White House, he received a single dose of Regeneron's polyclonal antibody cocktail, an experimental drug that has shown promise in initial trials in improving symptoms and reducing virus levels in the body. The drug is currently being evaluated but has not received Food and Drug Administration approval.
Trump "completed the infusion without incident," White House physician Sean Conley wrote in a memo released Friday, adding, "As of this afternoon, the President remains fatigued but in good spirits."
But given the president's age, 74, and his weight, 244 pounds, doctors said he's at higher risk of serious illness. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found that patients in their early to mid-70s are five times more likely to be hospitalized, and much more likely to die, compared with people in their 20s.
With a body mass index of just over 30, Trump is technically obese. And though he does not drink alcohol or smoke, he has other possible risk factors. The president has a history of elevated cholesterol, which he takes a statin medication to control. In addition, his doctors have reported calcium buildup in his blood vessels in the mild to moderate range.
COVID-19 is unpredictable, ranging from very mild to severe cases, so it's not yet clear how Trump will fare in the coming days. Experts said Trump's doctors will likely monitor him closely and can consider a range of treatments and therapies, beyond Regeneron's antibody cocktail, if his condition deteriorates.
Here's a list of things doctors will be watching for:
What treatments and therapies are Trump's doctors likely to consider?
In addition to the antibody cocktail, Trump's physician said the president has also been taking zinc, which is known to affect the immune system, and vitamin D supplements.
For now, the president will likely be getting supportive care, said Colleen Kraft, an infectious disease physician and associate chief medical officer at Emory University Hospital in Atlanta.
For a fever, he'd be given fever-reducing medicines, such as Tylenol. And doctors said it's important for Trump to get plenty of rest, drink lots of fluids and eat well. Doctors will likely monitor the president closely and hold off on any other medicines or therapies unless his condition deteriorates.
Symptoms can change quickly, so how will the president's doctors monitor any changes?
Trump's medical team will likely monitor his temperature, heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation.
"They'll be paying attention to all of his vital signs," said Panagis Galiatsatos, a physician and professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins Medicine.
Since some people with COVID-19 have had low oxygen levels before they noticed a shortness of breath, monitoring the blood oxygen with a pulse oximeter can help detect a problem sooner. Galiatsatos said, "What we have recognized with COVID-19 is that the majority of patients, when they get sick, [don't have an] all-at-once decline." Symptoms can progress gradually, so constant monitoring is key.
What tests will Trump's doctors consider?
Trump "is a high-risk patient," said Dr. Faisal Masud, medical director of critical care at Houston Methodist Hospital, so a range of tests would be appropriate. Masud said if he were on the president's medical team, he would do a CT scan of the chest to check his lungs and an ultrasound of the heart to help evaluate his heart function. He'd also order blood tests to check a number of markers for inflammation and would check markers for kidney function.
Do Trump's current mild symptoms indicate anything about his prognosis?
No. "Having mild symptoms on Day 1 does not mean you're going to have mild symptoms for the rest of your course," Galiatsatos said.
Of course, it's possible that Trump may not develop any further symptoms, Galiatsatos added. But he said that given Trump's age, his weight and his gender (men tend to do worse than women), the president has "several strikes against him."
"These are strikes that raise the probability that his COVID-19 may go from mild to severe," Galiatsatos said.
However, even if Trump's symptoms do get worse, doctors have learned a great deal about treating COVID-19 in the last 10 months, Emory's Kraft said. And as president, she noted, Trump is expected to get the most sophisticated care currently available. "I expect that the president, with the attention that he will get, should do well," Kraft said.


npr--2020-10-02--Staying At Walter Reed Hospital, Trump Has Started Remdesivir Therapy

President Trump 's physician said late Friday evening he is `` doing very well '' at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , and has started Remdesivir therapy , an intravenous anti-viral drug .
`` He has completed his first dose and is resting comfortably , '' Sean Conley said in a statement .
Trump was taken to Walter Reed in Bethesda , Md.
, on Friday after testing positive for the coronavirus .
In a brief video message posted to Twitter about his trip to the hospital , Trump thanked his well-wishers for their support and said he feels @ @ @ @ @ @ @ '' in spite of his positive test .
`` I want to thank everybody for the tremendous support .
I 'm going to Walter Reed hospital .
I think I 'm doing very well , but we 're going to make sure that things work out .
The first lady is doing very well .
So thank you very much , I appreciate it .
I will never forget it .
Thank you , '' Trump said in the 18-second video .
The message was the first tweet from Trump – who generally @ @ @ @ @ @ @ since his announcement early Friday morning that he and first lady Melania Trump tested positive .
Press secretary Kayleigh McEnany said the president would be `` working from the presidential offices at Walter Reed for the next few days '' out of `` an abundance of caution and at the recommendation of his physician and medical experts . ''
Trump `` remains in good spirts , has mild symptoms , and has been working throughout the day , '' McEnany said .
Although the White House characterized Trump 's symptoms as `` mild @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Friday the president had developed a fever , nasal congestion and a cough .
The White House also provided a brief update on Trump 's treatment Friday .
Sean Conley , the president 's physician , said that Trump received an experimental drug made by Regeneron , which contains two antibodies against the coronavirus .
The medicine is currently in clinical trials and is n't approved by the Food and Drug Administration .
How the president 's medical team got the medicine was n't disclosed in the statement .
In response to NPR @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the treatment , Regeneron declined to comment specifically , citing patient confidentiality .
But Regeneron said it can make the drug available outside a clinical trial through a `` compassionate use program , '' subject to the approval of a review committee .
The drug , called REGN-COV2 , is given as a single dose by injection ( an infusion ) .
The president received the high dose — 8 grams — being tested by the company .
The company released preliminary results this week from a test of patients treated outside hospitals @ @ @ @ @ @ @ whose bodies had n't produced their own antibodies against the coronavirus , the medicine improved symptoms and lowered the amount of virus over time compared with a placebo .
The president is also taking some supplements — zinc , vitamin D and melatonin .
He 's taking a heartburn drug — famotidine ( brand name Pepcid ) — and a daily aspirin as well .
Trump has for months downplayed the severity of the virus and promoted unfounded claims about experimental treatments , at times defying his own administration 's public health guidance @ @ @ @ @ @ @ wear masks in public , citing the frequency of testing for himself and those around him .
The habit has contributed to the politicization of masks and has apparently trickled down to his supporters , many of whom at recent rallies have declined to wear masks at the packed , outdoor events .
An August Gallup survey found that Republicans were significantly less likely than Democrats and political independents to wear masks in both indoor and outdoor settings .
Robert Redfield , director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the most powerful weapons we have to slow and stop the spread of the virus . ''
It is still unclear when or how the president contracted the virus .
Others who have been in contact with the president recently have also tested positive — including the first lady , adviser Hope Hicks and Sen. Mike Lee , R-Utah .
Vice President Pence has tested negative , however , and is continuing with his normal activities , per the White House physician .

Staying At Walter Reed Hospital, Trump Has Started Remdesivir Therapy
Enlarge this image toggle caption Drew Angerer/Getty Images Drew Angerer/Getty Images
Updated at 11:57 p.m. ET
President Trump's physician said late Friday evening he is "doing very well" at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center and has started Remdesivir therapy, an intravenous anti-viral drug. "He has completed his first dose and is resting comfortably," Sean Conley said in a statement.
Trump was taken to Walter Reed in Bethesda, Md., on Friday after testing positive for the coronavirus.
In a brief video message posted to Twitter about his trip to the hospital, Trump thanked his well-wishers for their support and said he feels that he's "doing very well" in spite of his positive test.
"I want to thank everybody for the tremendous support. I'm going to Walter Reed hospital. I think I'm doing very well, but we're going to make sure that things work out. The first lady is doing very well. So thank you very much, I appreciate it. I will never forget it. Thank you," Trump said in the 18-second video.
The message was the first tweet from Trump – who generally makes frequent use of the platform – since his announcement early Friday morning that he and first lady Melania Trump tested positive.
Press secretary Kayleigh McEnany said the president would be "working from the presidential offices at Walter Reed for the next few days" out of "an abundance of caution and at the recommendation of his physician and medical experts."
Trump "remains in good spirts, has mild symptoms, and has been working throughout the day," McEnany said.
Although the White House characterized Trump's symptoms as "mild," The New York Times reported Friday the president had developed a fever, nasal congestion and a cough.
The White House also provided a brief update on Trump's treatment Friday. Sean Conley, the president's physician, said that Trump received an experimental drug made by Regeneron, which contains two antibodies against the coronavirus.
The medicine is currently in clinical trials and isn't approved by the Food and Drug Administration. How the president's medical team got the medicine wasn't disclosed in the statement.
In response to NPR's query about Trump's access to the treatment, Regeneron declined to comment specifically, citing patient confidentiality. But Regeneron said it can make the drug available outside a clinical trial through a "compassionate use program," subject to the approval of a review committee.
The drug, called REGN-COV2, is given as a single dose by injection (an infusion). The president received the high dose — 8 grams — being tested by the company.
The company released preliminary results this week from a test of patients treated outside hospitals. The study found that in patients whose bodies hadn't produced their own antibodies against the coronavirus, the medicine improved symptoms and lowered the amount of virus over time compared with a placebo.
The president is also taking some supplements — zinc, vitamin D and melatonin. He's taking a heartburn drug — famotidine (brand name Pepcid) — and a daily aspirin as well.
Trump has for months downplayed the severity of the virus and promoted unfounded claims about experimental treatments, at times defying his own administration's public health guidance.
The president has often declined to wear masks in public, citing the frequency of testing for himself and those around him. The habit has contributed to the politicization of masks and has apparently trickled down to his supporters, many of whom at recent rallies have declined to wear masks at the packed, outdoor events.
An August Gallup survey found that Republicans were significantly less likely than Democrats and political independents to wear masks in both indoor and outdoor settings.
Enlarge this image toggle caption Drew Angerer/Getty Images Drew Angerer/Getty Images
Robert Redfield, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, has said that face coverings are "one of the most powerful weapons we have to slow and stop the spread of the virus."
It is still unclear when or how the president contracted the virus. Others who have been in contact with the president recently have also tested positive — including the first lady, adviser Hope Hicks and Sen. Mike Lee, R-Utah.
Vice President Pence has tested negative, however, and is continuing with his normal activities, per the White House physician.


npr--2020-10-03--Hall Of Fame Pitcher Bob Gibson Dies At 84

Baseball Hall of Famer Bob Gibson , who spent 17 years pitching for the St. Louis Cardinals , died Friday after a one-year battle with pancreatic cancer .
The 84-year-old Gibson was considered the greatest pitcher in Cardinals history .
Gibson played with the Cardinals from 1959 through 1975 .
While there , he won two Cy Young awards and played in three World Series , winning two .
He also developed a reputation for being a particularly intimidating adversary .
Gibson died on the 52nd anniversary of his record-setting 17 strikeout World Series game against the Detroit Tigers in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ one of the best athletes and among the fiercest competitors to ever play the game of baseball , '' said Cardinals owner William DeWitt Jr. in a statement .
`` Even during the time of his recent illness , Bob remained a strong supporter of the team and remained in contact with members of the organization and several of our players .
He will be sorely missed . ''
Gibson 's baseball career coincided with the height of the civil rights movement .
`` I pitched in a period of civil unrest , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ burning buildings and assassinations and riots in the street , '' Gibson wrote in his memoir , as reported by The New York Times .
`` There was a country full of angry black people in those days , and by extension — and by my demeanor on the mound — I was perceived as one of them , '' Gibson wrote .
`` There was some truth to that , but it had little , if anything , to do with the way I worked a batter .
I did n't see @ @ @ @ @ @ @ his stance , his strike zone , his bat speed , his power and his weaknesses . ''
Before his major league baseball career , Gibson was the first Black player to shoot hoops for the Creighton University Blue Jays , and he also spent a brief time with the Harlem Globetrotters .
After retiring from baseball , Gibson opened a restaurant in his hometown of Omaha , Neb.
, and was chairman of the board of a bank catering to Black residents .
As for Gibson 's storied intimidating nature , he @ @ @ @ @ @ @ than any other pitcher .
`` Every pitcher tried to intimidate batters when I played , '' Gibson told the Chicago Tribune in 1987 .
`` Maybe I was just a little more successful . ''

Hall Of Fame Pitcher Bob Gibson Dies At 84
Enlarge this image toggle caption Hans Pennink/AP Hans Pennink/AP
Baseball Hall of Famer Bob Gibson, who spent 17 years pitching for the St. Louis Cardinals, died Friday after a one-year battle with pancreatic cancer. The 84-year-old Gibson was considered the greatest pitcher in Cardinals history.
Gibson played with the Cardinals from 1959 through 1975. While there, he won two Cy Young awards and played in three World Series, winning two. He also developed a reputation for being a particularly intimidating adversary. Gibson died on the 52nd anniversary of his record-setting 17 strikeout World Series game against the Detroit Tigers in 1968.
"Bob Gibson was arguably one of the best athletes and among the fiercest competitors to ever play the game of baseball," said Cardinals owner William DeWitt Jr. in a statement. "Even during the time of his recent illness, Bob remained a strong supporter of the team and remained in contact with members of the organization and several of our players. He will be sorely missed."
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Gibson's baseball career coincided with the height of the civil rights movement.
"I pitched in a period of civil unrest, of black power and clenched fists and burning buildings and assassinations and riots in the street," Gibson wrote in his memoir, as reported by The New York Times.
"There was a country full of angry black people in those days, and by extension — and by my demeanor on the mound — I was perceived as one of them," Gibson wrote. "There was some truth to that, but it had little, if anything, to do with the way I worked a batter. I didn't see a hitter's color. I saw his stance, his strike zone, his bat speed, his power and his weaknesses."
Before his major league baseball career, Gibson was the first Black player to shoot hoops for the Creighton University Blue Jays, and he also spent a brief time with the Harlem Globetrotters.
After retiring from baseball, Gibson opened a restaurant in his hometown of Omaha, Neb., and was chairman of the board of a bank catering to Black residents.
As for Gibson's storied intimidating nature, he didn't think he was more fearsome than any other pitcher.
"Every pitcher tried to intimidate batters when I played," Gibson told the Chicago Tribune in 1987. "Maybe I was just a little more successful."


npr--2020-10-03--Who Is Sean Conley? White House Physician To President Trump

Who Is Sean Conley ?
White House Physician To President Trump Since President Trump 's announcement of a positive coronavirus test early Friday , a previously little-known White House physician is now an integral source of information on the president 's condition .
Sean Conley , a Navy commander , has been Trump 's physician since 2018 .
It was a memo from Conley that confirmed Trump 's tweet that he and the first lady tested positive for the coronavirus .
Standing outside at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , where Trump was admitted Friday , Conley assured reporters @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
But he started a series of conflicting messages when he made a reference on Saturday to being `` 72 hours into the diagnosis . ''
He later said he misspoke , and that Trump was first diagnosed Thursday evening .
Conley took over the role from Dr. Ronny Jackson in 2018 , after Jackson was nominated to be secretary of veterans affairs .
( Jackson subsequently withdrew himself from consideration amid allegations he fostered a hostile work environment and behaved inappropriately on the job . )
Conley supervised Trump 's physical last @ @ @ @ @ @ @ very good health overall . ''
After Trump dined with Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro in March , members of Bolsonaro 's administration soon tested positive for the virus , including one who was at the dinner .
Conley publicly stated that Trump was at low risk for the coronavirus because of limited interactions with infected individuals that `` occurred before any symptom onset . ''
Bolsonaro would go on to announce he had the virus in July .
Perhaps most notable of Conley 's decisions was prescribing the drug hydroxychloroquine as a coronavirus @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Conley said he and the president had numerous discussions over the risks and potential benefits of the drug .
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine in June found the drug does not protect against infection .
Unlike his predecessor , Conley does n't have an M.D .
Instead he has a D.O .
: doctor of osteopathic medicine .
He graduated in 2006 from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine , according to the school .
Osteopathic medicine is a field geared toward a holistic approach , focusing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ factors , according to the American Osteopathic Association .
Doctors in the field are fully licensed physicians .
In a May 2018 blog post , the organization noted that Conley may have been the first D.O .
to serve as a president 's physician .
According to a LinkedIn entry , Conley has served as an emergency physician for the U.S. Navy since 2006 .
Both the LinkedIn page for Conley — and a listing by the Virginia Board of Medicine -- list the Doylestown , Penn.
, native as conducting an internship @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the Naval Medical Center in Portsmouth , Va. , and an internship at the Naval Aerospace Medical Institute in Pensacola , Fla .
In addition to his training , Conley 's LinkedIn page lists him serving various roles at the Naval Medical Center in Portsmouth , including as a senior medical officer in the emergency medicine department .
Conley also served as the director of trauma for a NATO hospital in Kandahar , Afghanistan in 2014 .
It was there his team received recognition from the Romanian government for treating some of the @ @ @ @

Who Is Sean Conley? White House Physician To President Trump
Enlarge this image toggle caption Susan Walsh/AP Susan Walsh/AP
Since President Trump's announcement of a positive coronavirus test early Friday, a previously little-known White House physician is now an integral source of information on the president's condition.
Sean Conley, a Navy commander, has been Trump's physician since 2018. It was a memo from Conley that confirmed Trump's tweet that he and the first lady tested positive for the coronavirus.
Standing outside at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, where Trump was admitted Friday, Conley assured reporters that the president's symptoms were improving. But he started a series of conflicting messages when he made a reference on Saturday to being "72 hours into the diagnosis."
He later said that he misspoke and that Trump was first diagnosed Thursday evening.
Conley took over the role from Dr. Ronny Jackson in 2018 after Jackson was nominated to be secretary of veterans affairs. (Jackson subsequently withdrew himself from consideration amid allegations that he fostered a hostile work environment and behaved inappropriately on the job.)
Conley supervised Trump's physical last year, declaring the president in "very good health overall."
After Trump dined with Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro in March, members of Bolsonaro's administration soon tested positive for the virus, including one who was at the dinner. Conley publicly stated that Trump was at low risk for the coronavirus because of limited interactions with infected individuals that "occurred before any symptom onset."
Bolsonaro would go on to announce he had the virus in July.
Perhaps most notable of Conley's decisions was prescribing the drug hydroxychloroquine as a coronavirus preventive in May. In a memo, Conley said he and the president had numerous discussions about the risks and potential benefits of the drug.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine in June found that the drug does not protect against infection.
Unlike his predecessor, Conley doesn't have an M.D. degree. Instead, he has a D.O.: doctor of osteopathic medicine. He graduated in 2006 from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, according to the school.
Osteopathic medicine is a field geared toward a holistic approach, focusing on the role of lifestyle and environmental factors, according to the American Osteopathic Association. Doctors in the field are fully licensed physicians. In a May 2018 blog post, the organization noted that Conley may be the first D.O. to serve as a president's physician.
According to a LinkedIn profile, Conley has served as an emergency physician for the U.S. Navy since 2006. Both the LinkedIn page for Conley and a listing by the Virginia Board of Medicine list the Doylestown, Pa., native as conducting an internship and later a residency in emergency medicine at the Naval Medical Center in Portsmouth, Va., and an internship at the Naval Aerospace Medical Institute in Pensacola, Fla.
In addition to his training, Conley's LinkedIn page lists him as serving in various roles at the Naval Medical Center in Portsmouth, including as a senior medical officer in the emergency medicine department.
Conley also served as the director of trauma for a NATO hospital in Kandahar, Afghanistan, in 2014. It was there that his team received recognition from the Romanian government for treating some of Romania's soldiers.


npr--2020-10-03--Pence Working From Home For Now But Plans To Travel On Monday

Pence Working From Home For Now But Plans To Travel On Monday Vice President Pence — who has tested negative for the coronavirus — has been working from home rather than going into the White House complex since President Trump was diagnosed with the virus late on Thursday , a senior administration official told NPR .
`` Out of an abundance of caution , he worked at the vice president 's residence at the Naval Observatory to avoid any potential exposure to the virus , '' the official , who spoke on condition of anonymity , told NPR 's Franco @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of the White House coronavirus task force on Saturday from his residence .
Despite several confirmed cases of the virus within the White House , Pence , who is next in line to become acting president if necessary , said he plans to maintain his usual schedule in the coming days .
On Monday , he plans to travel to Salt Lake City in advance of the vice presidential debate against Democratic vice presidential nominee Kamala Harris on Wednesday , the administration official said .
He is also scheduled to make appearances in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in Arizona on Thursday .
Pence 's White House physician , Dr. Jesse Schonau , released a statement Friday saying he `` does not need to quarantine '' because he is `` not considered a close contact with any individuals who have tested positive for COVID , including President Donald J .
Trump . ''
This comes one week after Pence attended an event in the White House Rose Garden where Trump announced the nomination of Judge Amy Coney Barrett for the Supreme Court .
At least eight people who were at the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ first lady Melania Trump ; and Republican Sens .
Ron Johnson of Wisconsin , Mike Lee of Utah and Thom Tillis of North Carolina — have since tested positive for the virus .
On Saturday night , Trump tweeted a video update from Walter Reed Medical Center saying he feels `` much better now '' but that the next few days were particularly crucial in his recovery .
`` We 're working hard to get me all the way back , '' Trump said .
`` I have to be back because we @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
We 've done an awfully good job of that , but we still have steps to go and we have to finish that job .
And I 'll be back — I think I 'll be back soon . ''

Pence Working From Home For Now But Plans To Travel On Monday
Enlarge this image toggle caption Brynn Anderson/AP Brynn Anderson/AP
Vice President Pence — who has tested negative for the coronavirus — has been working from home rather than going into the White House complex since President Trump was diagnosed with the virus late on Thursday, a senior administration official told NPR.
"Out of an abundance of caution, he worked at the vice president's residence at the Naval Observatory to avoid any potential exposure to the virus," the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, told NPR's Franco Ordoñez.
Pence led a conference call of the White House coronavirus task force on Saturday from his residence.
Despite several confirmed cases of the virus within the White House, Pence, who is next in line to become acting president if necessary, said he plans to maintain his usual schedule in the coming days.
On Monday, he plans to travel to Salt Lake City in advance of the vice presidential debate against Democratic vice presidential nominee Kamala Harris on Wednesday, the administration official said. He is also scheduled to make appearances in key states after the debate, starting in Arizona on Thursday.
Pence's White House physician, Dr. Jesse Schonau, released a statement Friday saying he "does not need to quarantine" because he is "not considered a close contact with any individuals who have tested positive for COVID, including President Donald J. Trump."
This comes one week after Pence attended an event in the White House Rose Garden where Trump announced the nomination of Judge Amy Coney Barrett for the Supreme Court. At least eight people who were at the event — including the president,; first lady Melania Trump; and Republican Sens. Ron Johnson of Wisconsin, Mike Lee of Utah and Thom Tillis of North Carolina — have since tested positive for the virus.
On Saturday night, Trump tweeted a video update from Walter Reed Medical Center saying he feels "much better now" but that the next few days were particularly crucial in his recovery.
"We're working hard to get me all the way back," Trump said. "I have to be back because we still have to make America great again. We've done an awfully good job of that, but we still have steps to go and we have to finish that job. And I'll be back — I think I'll be back soon."


npr--2020-10-03--Trump Gives Video Update On His Health: Next Couple Days Are 'The Real Test'

Trump Gives Video Update On His Health : Next Couple Days Are 'The Real Test' '' I came here , was n't feeling so well .
I feel much better now , '' he said .
`` We 're working hard to get me all the way back .
I have to be back because we still have to make America great again .
We 've done an awfully good job of that , but we still have steps to go and we have to finish that job .
And I 'll be back — I think I 'll be @ @ @ @ @ @ @ as a White House official identified as chief of staff Mark Meadows alluded to earlier in the day , that the next 48 hours remain critical .
`` You do n't know , over the next period of a few days , I guess that 's the real test , so we 'll be seeing what happens over those next couple — next couple of days , '' Trump said .
Later in the evening , Dr. Sean Conley , the president 's physician , said in a memo that Trump plans to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ remdesivir treatments .
`` While not yet out of the woods , the team remains cautiously optimistic , '' Conley said in the memo .
Trump spent most of the afternoon conducting business and `` has been up and moving about he medical suite without difficulty , '' Conley said .
`` He remains fever-free and off supplemental oxygen with a saturation level between 96 and 98 % all day , '' and completed the second dose of remdesivir `` without complication , '' Conley said .
In his video , the president @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Walter Reed rather than be isolated in his room at the White House , without meeting with other people or using the Oval Office .
`` I was given that alternative , '' he said .
`` I ca n't do that .
I had to be out front .
This is America .
This is the United States .
This is the greatest country in the world , this is the most powerful country in the world .
I ca n't be locked up in a room upstairs , '' he said @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to confront problems . ''
Trump said that first lady Melania Trump is `` doing very well . ''
He made a reference to her age — `` as you 've probably read , she 's slightly younger than me , just a little tiny bit '' — and how younger people have generally fared better with the coronavirus than older people .
Melania Trump is 50 ; the president is 74 .
`` I think we 're gon na have a very good result .
Again , over the next few days @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for sure , '' Trump said .
Trump 's comments follow a press conference earlier in the day by Conley .
Conley told reporters that Trump was `` doing very well , '' but a source familiar with the president 's health , identified by the Associated Press as Trump 's chief of staff , later said , `` We 're still not on a clear path to full recovery . ''
The doctor 's comments also caused confusion around the timeline of Trump 's diagnosis , which the White House attempted to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a.m .
ET on Friday that he had tested positive for the , coronavirus .
Officials said he had `` mild '' symptoms on Friday .
A number of others close to the president have also tested positive , including at least eight people who attended an event last Saturday at the White House .
The Rose Garden gathering was held to introduce his Supreme Court nominee Amy Coney Barrett , who says she has since tested negative for the virus .

Trump Gives Video Update On His Health: Next Couple Days Are 'The Real Test'
Enlarge this image toggle caption Drew Angerer/Getty Images Drew Angerer/Getty Images
Updated at 9:59 p.m. ET
President Trump tweeted a video update from Walter Reed National Military Medical Center on Saturday night.
"I came here, wasn't feeling so well. I feel much better now," he said. "We're working hard to get me all the way back. I have to be back because we still have to make America great again. We've done an awfully good job of that, but we still have steps to go and we have to finish that job. And I'll be back — I think I'll be back soon."
He added — as a White House official identified as chief of staff Mark Meadows alluded to earlier in the day — that the next 48 hours remain critical.
"You don't know, over the next period of a few days, I guess that's the real test, so we'll be seeing what happens over those next couple — next couple of days," Trump said.
In an interview on Fox News Saturday night, Meadows dismissed the idea that Trump would be unable to fulfil his duties, calling such fears "irrational." He acknowledged, however, that he had been "real concerned" by the president's condition on Friday morning.
Earlier, Dr. Sean Conley, the president's physician, said in a memo that Trump plans to remain in hospital Sunday for observation and remdesivir treatments.
"While not yet out of the woods, the team remains cautiously optimistic," Conley said in the memo.
Meadows, on Fox News, repeated that assessment, saying "the next 48 hours or so" would be critical.
On Friday morning, Meadows had told reporters at the White House that Trump was showing "mild symptoms." But on Saturday night, he had a different description: "A number of us, the doctor and I, were very concerned," Meadows said.
Trump spent most of Saturday afternoon conducting business and "has been up and moving about he medical suite without difficulty," Conley said.
"He remains fever-free and off supplemental oxygen with a saturation level between 96 and 98% all day," and completed the second dose of remdesivir "without complication," Conley said.
In his video, the president said that he chose to go to Walter Reed rather than be isolated in his room at the White House, without meeting with other people or using the Oval Office. "I was given that alternative," he said.
"I can't do that. I had to be out front. This is America. This is the United States. This is the greatest country in the world, this is the most powerful country in the world. I can't be locked up in a room upstairs," he said.
He added, "We have to confront problems."
Trump said that first lady Melania Trump is "doing very well." He made a reference to her age — "as you've probably read, she's slightly younger than me, just a little tiny bit" — and how younger people have generally fared better with the coronavirus than older people. Melania Trump is 50; the president is 74.
"I think we're gonna have a very good result. Again, over the next few days, we're gonna probably know for sure," Trump said.
Trump's comments follow a press conference earlier in the day by Conley. Conley told reporters that Trump was "doing very well," but a source familiar with the president's health, identified by the Associated Press as Trump's chief of staff, later said, "We're still not on a clear path to full recovery."
The doctor's comments also caused confusion around the timeline of Trump's diagnosis, which the White House attempted to later clarify. Trump tweeted around 1 a.m. ET on Friday that he had tested positive for the coronavirus. Officials said he had "mild" symptoms on Friday.
A number of others close to the president have also tested positive, including a number of people who attended an event last Saturday at the White House. The Rose Garden gathering was held to introduce his Supreme Court nominee Amy Coney Barrett, who says she has since tested negative for the virus.