npr--2020-02-17--'Stable Genius' Authors Describe Trump Presidency As A 'Den Of Destruction'

This is FRESH AIR .
I 'm Dave Davies , in for Terry Gross .
It 's President 's Day , and today , we take a look at the Trump presidency through the eyes of two Pulitzer Prize-winning reporters from The Washington Post , Philip Rucker and Carol Leonnig .
I spoke with them in January when their new book was published , but our interview was preempted on most stations by special coverage of the impeachment trial in the Senate .
Today , we 'll air that interview along with an update on events since it was recorded @ @ @ @ @ @ @ an unsettling account of the first 2 1/2 years of the Trump administration .
There 's the moment where a raging president berates his senior military leaders , calling them losers , another where he appears not to know what happened at Pearl Harbor and many instances of erratic decision-making , driven by the whims of a president with little patience for the details of public policy .
While many of the events in the book were publicly reported as they occurred , the authors conducted more than 200 fresh interviews to add @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is a national investigative reporter for The Post .
Philip Rucker is the paper 's White House bureau chief .
The title of their book is taken from words President Trump has used to describe himself ; it 's called `` A Very Stable Genius . ''
Carol Leonnig , Philip Rucker , welcome to FRESH AIR .
Let 's talk about some of the - what you reveal in the book .
And I think one of the things that 's gotten the most headlines so far are details on a briefing @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the Pentagon .
And some of the things the president said have been - gotten a lot of attention .
But I want you to begin by just telling us - because I find this also interesting - who set up the briefing , why they wanted to do it and how they structured it to get the president and keep the president 's attention .
PHILIP RUCKER : Yeah .
Dave , this meeting was a really important inflection point for President Trump .
It was about six months into the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Jim Mattis ; his secretary of state , Rex Tillerson ; Gary Cohn , the top economic adviser - they were really alarmed by the president 's lack of knowledge about the world , by his lack of understanding about military deployments and bases all around the globe and felt like they needed to basically school him , to tutor him .
So they arranged for this meeting at a sacred space in the Pentagon .
It 's the tank .
That 's what they call it .
It 's a private room @ @ @ @ @ @ @ determined by the Joint Chiefs of Staff .
They brought the president there .
And they went through a slideshow explaining , you know , where our troops are deployed , why we have the alliances we do , what does NATO do , why do we have so many troops in South Korea in the Korean Peninsula to fend off the threat of North Korea .
And the president got irritated by this `` Schoolhouse Rock ! ''
vibe in the room , and he ended up barking at the generals in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ He said , you 're a bunch of dopes and babies .
Those are his words .
He said , I would n't go to war with you people .
And it was a really harrowing moment .
It was emotional - generals who had to cover their eyes because they were so worried about this moment .
Vice President Pence did n't say anything , even though his son is in the military .
Rex Tillerson , the secretary of state , was the only one to stand up to confront the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , he said that the president was an effing moron .
And this was so important because if this is how he respects - or disrespects , rather - the military leaders , the relationship he has with the people , he 's going to be counting on to lead Americans into battle , that is alarming for those in the military , according to the people we spoke with .
DAVIES : Right .
He said , I would n't go to war with you people - you 're losers , right @ @ @ @ @ @ @ And he called the war in Afghanistan a loser war .
DAVIES : Take us a little bit more inside the give-and-take here because the idea was to provide him with some basic information .
Give us a sense - I mean , before these explosive comments were exchanged - kind of how the president reacted to this tutorial .
CAROL LEONNIG : So keep in mind , as Phil described , that these three very senior people in the administration are hopeful about guiding a novice president .
They 're excited about @ @ @ @ @ @ @ They have been frustrated , to be clear , because he does n't seem to know , you know , why it 's important to have these bases that basically , as Mattis said numerous times in this meeting , this is what keeps us safe , Mr. President .
He does n't enjoy hearing that there should be bases on the Korean Peninsula .
He talks about how they need to make some money , why foreign countries need to pay our military to be where they are based to protect the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ He is saying , you know , we need to make money off this .
And that is something that just drives so many people in the room bonkers to the point that Rex Tillerson stands up and says , that 's not why people put on a uniform , Mr. President .
They 're protecting our freedom .
It 's not about making money .
It 's not about making a buck .
DAVIES : It was remarkable that Tillerson was the one figure in the room who directly contradicted the president @ @ @ @ @ @ @ thing about that moment is - that both Phil and I found so chilling - is that many in the room are waiting for someone to say something , palpably waiting .
Mike Pence is like a wax figure .
He says nothing , and that really troubles some of the people in the room .
Many are waiting for Mattis to say something , but his head is kind of bowed , and it 's almost like he 's just taking it , taking it on the chin .
And when he @ @ @ @ @ @ @ when Tillerson says , look - I 'm going to have to step in .
They all kind of come to some sort of silent acknowledgement that the - basically the Pentagon brass ca n't speak back to their commander in chief .
DAVIES : The other thing that I found interesting about this anecdote is that when these officials - you know , Defense Secretary Mattis and Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and Gary Cohn - were planning this , they took a lot of care to craft a presentation which they @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 's attention .
What kind - how did they do that ?
RUCKER : You know , that far into the administration , the advisers learned that the president did n't take briefings like any other president .
He does n't read the intelligence book .
He does n't like to listen to long lectures or explanations about what the intelligence is .
He likes to see graphics , videos , charts , dollar signs , his own name .
And so what Mattis and Cohn and Tillerson did is they put together @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of those , features , that would have , you know , a map of the world and lots of dollar signs and facts and figures and make it much more readable in a way , easier for President Trump to comprehend and not get distracted or bored by .
Early in the administration , I interviewed Mike Pompeo , who was then the CIA director , and he said , you know what the president likes ?
And these are Pompeo 's words - killer graphics .
And that 's the way @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
DAVIES : There 's a lot in here about his relationship with President Putin .
I wanted to - what insights did you get into how Trump thought he could deal with Putin and how Putin regarded President Trump ?
RUCKER : You know , it 's interesting .
From the very beginning - this was right after the election , during the transition period , when Trump was trying to staff his cabinet .
He was in an interview , a job interview , with one of his secretary of state @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Priebus , who was set to become the White House chief of staff , and asked Priebus , you know , when can I meet Putin ?
( Laughter ) I want to meet Putin .
Can I meet him before my inauguration ?
And that would have been such an extraordinary breach of protocol , to be meeting with the Russian president before having met with the NATO allies , before being inaugurated , while President Obama was still in office .
But it was indicative of Trump 's burning desire to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a bromance with Vladimir Putin .
He saw Putin and still sees Putin as a strongman , as someone who has the leadership abilities and kind of muscular machismo that 's to be admired .
And throughout the book , there are moments where Trump is admiring of Putin .
And he actually finally had his first meeting with Putin in Hamburg , Germany , on the sidelines of the Group of 20 summit .
And he met for about two hours in private with Putin , and afterwards , he told Rex @ @ @ @ @ @ @ who , by the way , has years of negotiating with Putin as the head of ExxonMobil - Trump told Tillerson , I 've got this .
I understand Putin .
I just spent two hours with him .
I know more about him than you do .
You do n't need to advise me anymore .
I got it under control .
DAVIES : And he expressed the opinion that , you know , Putin does not have an agenda of undermining U.S. interests , right ?
You can be friends .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ president said repeatedly to all of his aides .
Tillerson , Pompeo , the entire national security firmament , the intelligence community was constantly trying to brief this president about the ways in which Putin tries to exploit American vulnerabilities and leap into situations where he can take some advantage .
In fact , Rex Tillerson was trying to school the president gently , not in a patronizing way , but gently school him about - here 's what Putin is doing every morning when he wakes up ; he 's looking for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and he 's going to dash over there , and we wo n't be fast enough to take advantage of it and stop him .
And the president repeatedly rejected this , including rejecting the intelligence that he was brought constantly about the fact that Putin had directly , intentionally interfered in the 2016 election .
President Trump said , yeah , I do n't think he 's really doing that .
DAVIES : You write - this is the two of you in the book - ( Reading ) Putin had developed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ him believe that the two of them could get big things accomplished if they ignored their staffs and worked one-on-one .
National security aides feared Putin knew how to feed the unusual combination of Trump 's ego and insecurity and how to cultivate conspiracies in his mind .
LEONNIG : You know , there is this moment when Putin says to President Trump , you know , we could have a great relationship , but the people , the little people below us , they 're against it .
It is n't exact @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in what I say about this , but the paraphrase is , basically , if we just - you know , the little people are rooting against us in our government .
I understand that .
And it totally speaks to Donald Trump 's conspiracy theories about the deep state .
You know , he believed his intelligence community , his national security community , his State Department , his Justice Department should be working for him and defending his image and his political , you know , power .
But he also @ @ @ @ @ @ @ him .
And it all started , honestly , with the FBI investigation of his campaign to try to figure out if any of the members of his campaign were coordinating in any way or encouraging Russian interference .
DAVIES : Carol Leonnig and Philip Rucker are both Pulitzer Prize-winning reporters for The Washington Post .
Their new book is `` A Very Stable Genius . ''
We 'll continue our conversation after a short break .
This is FRESH AIR .
DAVIES : This is FRESH AIR .
And we 're speaking @ @ @ @ @ @ @ They are both Pulitzer Prize-winning reporters from The Washington Post .
They have a new book about the Trump administration .
It 's called `` A Very Stable Genius : Donald J. Trump 's Testing Of America . ''
One of the things that 's fascinating about reading the book is you get an inside look of circumstances in which the White House is dealing with a complicated issue , and there 's just a level of confusion and disorganization that puts people in some very awkward spots .
And one of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , early on , and it deals with immigration where Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and John Kelly , who was then secretary of homeland security , are in Mexico to kind of - you know , kind of patch up a rocky relationship that 's been created by President Trump 's insistence that they will pay for a border wall or face big tariffs .
Things seem to be going well , and then the unexpected happens .
You want to just tell us the story ?
LEONNIG : Dave , this @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a lot of reasons , but one of them is while two very senior Cabinet members are trying to clean up for Donald Trump , they find themselves undercut by Donald Trump on live television .
It 's February of 2017 , so very early in the administration .
Both of them have a lot of experience and exposure in Latin America and Central America and a lot of relationships in Mexico , especially John Kelly , who had been in charge of Southern Command .
And they 're down there to meet @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to meet with some of his members of his Cabinet and his government , to tell them , look - we are not at war with you .
Yeah , there 's this big fight about the border , but we want to be partners and allies .
We want to support you , and we need your help , too , because if you can help us stop the illegal flow of immigration , we can try to help you do that .
So this is what they 're working on , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ while they 're on their way to one of the most important meetings , they 're leaving their hotel in Mexico City and heading together out of the hallway towards their motorcade , Tillerson turns to John Kelly in the hallway and says , you 're never going to believe what the president just said .
Up in Washington , the president , who 's gotten now in the habit of having live televised crews film his Cabinet meetings , is meeting with a group of business leaders , and he 's telling @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is out of control , and he 's going to stop it , and it 's now a military operation , essentially leaving people with the impression that he 's about to send troops down to the border , which is obviously not true .
Kelly hears this from Tillerson and goes into overdrive , immediately starts getting a pen - a red pen - and remarking all of his comments that he 's going to make at the press conference that 's coming up with his Mexican counterparts because he knows he @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the president just said .
The two of them are really flummoxed and angry , and they 're cursing .
John Kelly hits his forehead with his hand and says a curse word .
And they head off .
And it is - it falls to John Kelly to give a - basically a speech about how , look - we 're not sending troops to the border .
He does it in a very deft way , though , Dave , which is he does n't actually , again , confront his @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , you know , you people in the press , you need to make sure you get this right - it 's not a military operation .
You guys have been confused about this in the past .
Just want to reiterate - this is not a military operation .
There are going to be no troops .
He ca n't be more emphatic , but he 's not pointing the finger at the boss .
DAVIES : You both covered government for public officials for a long time .
And , I @ @ @ @ @ @ @ you impose on yourselves as reporters of government and politics and that when you cover officials , I mean , there are some tough stories , and there are also times you give people credit for doing the right thing or at least good-faith efforts .
And I know how important it is for you to talk to all sides of an issue , to be thorough and fair and open-minded .
But on the last page of your book you have this statement about Trump - ( reading ) By the fall @ @ @ @ @ @ @ if he were convinced of his own invincibility , believing he could wield the vast powers of his office in pursuit of his personal and political goals without accountability .
He genuinely believed that his interests came first and that , as president , he was above the law .
And I 'm wondering , what is it like to cover a public official ?
After you rendered such a harsh judgment about his fitness for office , is it a different experience ?
LEONNIG : I do n't think Phil and I @ @ @ @ @ @ @ president 's fitness for office .
What we have come to a conclusion about is that so many people who served at his shoulder for months and years are very worried about his fitness for office .
We all know , as a point of fact , that he had no experience in public service before - nothing to speak of .
And that 's not absolutely unique for a politician ; it 's kind of unusual for a president .
We feel strongly that our role as journalists is to share with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the people who knew him best .
We choose this title , `` A Very Stable Genius , '' because it 's the president 's own words about himself .
Now , we hold that mirror up to the president , and we stress test it with the people who worked for him , the people he confided in , the people who saw him day in and day out in a way that we did n't , and this is really their judgment .
DAVIES : I also wanted to ask about @ @ @ @ @ @ @ know , I covered - I was a daily newspaper reporter for 20 years covering government at state and local level .
And I kind of had a guideline that I would certainly use confidential sources for information , and if they showed that , you know , a politician was lazy or incompetent , I would report the information , but that if you wanted to render a judgment about somebody 's character or competence , you kind of got to have your name on it for me to use that in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , you have a quote attributed to - I guess it 's a senior-level administration official saying , the guy is completely crazy ; the story of Trump , a president with the horrible instincts and a senior-level cabinet playing whack-a-mole .
You have another national security official you quote saying , I 've served with the man for two years ; I think he 's a long-term and immediate danger to the country .
Do you have any qualms about anonymous quotes that are that - you know , these ad hominem @ @ @ @ @ @ @ this president ?
LEONNIG : You know , Dave , I think Phil and I have a very similar rule of thumb to yours about this issue of judging someone 's character in an anonymous quote .
I 'll tell you why I feel that both of us were comfortable with this one , which is that it was illustrative of something we heard time and time again .
This idea of the cabinet playing whack-a-mole with bad ideas that the president made without good information , without discipline , without a real @ @ @ @ @ @ @ - if we counted up how many times we heard something like that , it would be a large , large number .
And I think that one of the important things about the anonymous sources here that you have to keep in mind is that some of these people did not speak to us in real time when these events were unfolding for a couple of reasons .
They were , one , afraid of Donald Trump and his ability to retaliate against them , as he 's proven very adept at @ @ @ @ @ @ @ And another reason was some of them , in their DNA as national security or intelligence officials , they do n't talk to reporters , and they do n't criticize a sitting president , but when we came around with a book , and we said this is for history , when we said this is going to be the tome that explains Donald Trump 's presidency , they felt compelled - while fearful , they still felt compelled to try to help us get it right , get history right , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ And it took a lot of work , but I think the product is here now , and readers can make their own judgment about whether they feel it rings true .
We know we 're confident in it .
DAVIES : Carol Leonnig and Philip Rucker are reporters at The Washington Post .
Their new book is `` A Very Stable Genius . ''
After a break , they 'll talk about the challenges of reporting on the Trump administration and on their personal interactions with the president .
Also , jazz @ @ @ @ @ @ @ from American saxophonist Ellery Eskelin and two European collaborators .
I 'm Dave Davies , and this is FRESH AIR .
DAVIES : This is FRESH AIR .
I 'm Dave Davies , in for Terry Gross .
For President 's Day , we 're listening to my interview recorded in January with Pulitzer Prize-winning Washington Post reports Carol Leonnig and Philip Rucker about their new book on the Trump presidency .
That interview was preempted on most stations by the special coverage of the impeachment trial in the Senate .
Rucker and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ than 200 interviews with administration officials , Trump confidants and other firsthand witnesses to key events .
It 's called `` A Very Stable Genius . ''
This is an administration that does n't have a very active press office in terms of disseminating information .
Are there more leakers than in under other administration ?
Does more information come out the sides ?
RUCKER : Yes , but I would n't call them leakers .
I would say there are more people inside the administration - and not just in the West @ @ @ @ @ @ @ political aides , but throughout the administration , at the Pentagon , in the national security apparatus , at the State Department and elsewhere , at the Justice Department - who are more willing , I think , now to talk to reporters in part because they are so alarmed by what they see happening , not only by the president but by others in the administration .
There is dysfunction so often around policies , around the agenda , around action items , and I think there - that has created more @ @ @ @ @ @ @ meant , for us as reporters , that we have more sources we can go to , but it 's also meant we have more of a challenge to sort of find the truth .
When we hear something , it 's not always right , and we 've got to , you know , talk to a range of people , a range of sources with different perspectives to really understand what truly happened and understand the fact .
LEONNIG : That 's right .
And , you know , I would @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in this den of dysfunction , the president has really encouraged , you know , rival gangs to go up against each other , as evidenced by the fights he sort of cheers on .
And some of those people are trying to dime the other ones out , and we 've got to ferret through that , as Phil described .
We 've got to be very careful that we 're not getting pushed and manipulated by their different agendas .
DAVIES : The president is known for frequent misstatements of fact @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a lie , right ?
Sometimes you can be mistaken .
How do you use your judgment in how to characterize these things ?
RUCKER : You know , we follow the advice of our executive editor , Marty Baron , who feels like , to call a statement of the president 's a lie is a big hurdle .
To call something a lie , we have to know what the president 's intent was .
Did he intend to mislead and misinform and , in effect , lie ?
You know @ @ @ @ @ @ @ he says , we 're more comfortable calling them misstatements or falsehoods because we do n't necessarily know that he knows that they 're false .
We do n't necessarily know what 's in his mind .
You know , when he was on his birtherism crusade about President Obama and insisting that he was born in Kenya or at least not born in Hawaii , that was clearly a lie .
There was a clear political motivation there .
He had been clearly proven wrong by the facts , by the actual @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
But a lot of the statements that the president makes that are not true , we do n't apply that label to it because we just ca n't discern what his motivation is .
DAVIES : What have your personal interactions with the president been like ?
RUCKER : I started covering Donald Trump 's campaign very early on and interviewed him numerous times at Trump Tower and over the course of that campaign and then several times in the White House .
And , you know , he actually called me @ @ @ @ @ @ @ as - early on in this project , when Carol and I started working on it .
And I took the opportunity to explain to him the book and what we 're doing , and , you know , he was supportive .
He said , I want a proper book done .
I - you know , you 're a serious person .
You should come in .
I 'll do an interview .
I 'll do it .
And unfortunately , the relationship devolved , you know , in the months @ @ @ @ @ @ @ such hostility with the news media and with The Washington Post in particular .
But I 've always found in my interactions with him , including on Air Force One , when he 'll sometimes come back to the cabin to chitchat , that he 's always seeking our approval - and not just me , of course , but the other reporters in the press corps .
He wants to impress us .
He wants to have an impact on our thinking , change the way we view him and his administration @ @ @ @ @ @ @ him in London in December for the NATO summit .
And I do n't know if your listeners will remember , but he had a day where he had three back-to-back foreign leader meetings .
And normally , there are photo ops there , where you just come in for about two or three minutes and get a picture of the president with his foreign counterpart , and then you leave .
And in each instance , he talked to us for 30 minutes , 45 minutes , taking question after question after @ @ @ @ @ @ @ like , look at me and say , do you have any more ?
Do you have any more ?
Give me another one .
He seemed to enjoy it .
And so , you know , he tweets what he tweets , of course , but deep down and when you 're in a little bit more of a private setting , he very much craves our approval .
DAVIES : Yeah , I 've often wondered if reporters who have personal experiences with the president , when they are in rallies @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , berating the fake news media , that you wish some of those hearing this and cheering could actually see him interacting with reporters at a personal level .
It 's really a different attitude .
RUCKER : It 's very different .
And , you know , this is true before he became president , but it 's especially true now - he views the media and especially the mainstream media as his oxygen .
He wants to be on the front page .
He wants to be taken seriously , like @ @ @ @ @ @ @ about how many front-page stories he 's on in The New York Times , which is of course his hometown paper .
Now we 're the hometown paper , The Washington Post .
But it 's a very different mindset than the one that he projects publicly to his supporters .
DAVIES : You know , I 'm sure when you began this project , you had no idea that it would be published just as a trial would be beginning in the Senate for the president 's impeachment .
DAVIES : How @ @ @ @ @ @ @ reception of the book ?
LEONNIG : In a weird way , Dave , the - all the reporting that we did and all the new things we found out , the themes of what this - what motivates this president , how he runs his shop , they all foreshadowed this moment , in a way .
I 'm not saying they foreshadowed obstruction or they foreshadowed abuse of office ; what they foreshadowed was a theme throughout the presidency - Donald Trump is interested in perpetuating his own power .
It @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it 's escalating in the direction of lack of discipline and chaos - a den of dysfunction , as Phil Rucker put it once in a story .
And here we are at this moment .
Why is the president in so much hot water ?
Because the guardrails are gone .
He was relying on Rudy Giuliani , who told him , hey , we can get some dirt on your No .
1 political opponent , Joe Biden , in Ukraine .
And the president asked the Ukraine president for a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the favor was for the perpetuation of his own power .
And that was to help him in his reelection and get some dirt on his then-No .
1 foe .
DAVIES : Philip Rucker , Carol Leonnig - thank you so much for speaking with us .
DAVIES : Carol Leonnig and Philip Rucker 's book about the Trump presidency is called `` A Very Stable Genius . ''
I spoke to them in January , but the interview was preempted on most stations by special coverage of the impeachment trial in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 'll get an update from Philip Rucker on events since that interview was recorded .
This is FRESH AIR .
DAVIES : This is FRESH AIR .
We 've been listening to my interview recorded in January with Washington Post reporters Philip Rucker and Carol Leonnig about their book , `` A Very Stable Genius , '' an account of the first 2 1/2 years of the Trump administration .
For today 's show , we wanted to get an update on events that have transpired since that first interview , and Philip @ @ @ @ @ @ @ which we recorded last Wednesday .
Since the book was published , the president was acquitted in the Senate , and he had a news conference in which he reveled in what he saw as his exoneration .
Does the administration feel different now , different post-impeachment ?
RUCKER : You know , it feels slightly different .
The president certainly is acting as if he 's more empowered , more emboldened to do as he pleases without consequence .
And he has reason for that because the evidence piled up regarding his @ @ @ @ @ @ @ his Republican allies in the Senate acknowledged that what he did in Ukraine was improper and wrong , and yet he avoided penalty ; he avoided punishment .
He was , of course , impeached by the House , but he was not removed from office and indeed remains president and will fight on for a second term in a November election .
DAVIES : You wrote a piece for The Washington Post recently , consulting historians and legal experts about how the president 's acquittal might affect future presidents and the balance @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
What did you find ?
RUCKER : You know , I found that the Senate 's acquittal in the face of evidence that many senators viewed as conclusive regarding the president 's misconduct in Ukraine set a pattern for the future and reshaped presidential power , set a new precedent for presidential power .
And historians were very concerned about this because the founders of our government set up a system whereby the legislative branch would serve as a check on the power of the executive and that if a president overstepped @ @ @ @ @ @ @ wrong , there was a system in place whereby the people 's representatives , those members of Congress , would be able to to check that .
And Congress , in this case - you know , the Senate decided not to exercise that power and instead made themselves instruments of the executive 's power .
They helped enable Trump .
They helped protect Trump .
And they sent a signal that if Trump were to do this again , if he were to again ask a foreign government to help him with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to again do something else that plainly violates a norm in this country , that there would n't be consequences and that they would have his back because he 's the president and he 's the leader of their political party .
DAVIES : We 've also had the events surrounding Roger Stone , who is up for sentencing in federal court .
RUCKER : This has been a watershed moment post-impeachment .
Critics say that it is completely improper politicization of the Justice Department and the president trying to influence the criminal @ @ @ @ @ @ @ one of his friends .
The federal prosecutors in the case recommended sentencing of , you know , several years ; up to nine years was their recommendation .
The president believed that was far too strenuous for Stone and actually took to Twitter to lash out about that , to speak out that he thought that that sentence recommendation was unfair .
The next morning , we discover that the Justice Department has overruled the recommendation of those prosecutors , was revising it .
And four of those prosecutors then resigned from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ protest against the interference by , you know , political superiors at the Justice Department .
The president maintains that he did nothing wrong here , that he did not personally ask the Justice Department or the attorney general to revise the sentencing recommendation .
However , he made his views very clear on Twitter .
There still more to learn about this case , but it stands as an example of just how emboldened and free this president now feels , having survived impeachment , to be able to run the government @ @ @ @ @ @ @ including in the Justice Department , as he sees fit .
DAVIES : As you have talked to sources in the government , are they surprised by the events we 've seen - the removal of Vindman and his brother , the moves in the sentencing of Roger Stone ?
RUCKER : You know , people I 've talked to in the government and also people who 've served in the government but are no longer there right now are horrified by what they 've seen .
They think this is clearly wrong @ @ @ @ @ @ @ be for our democracy .
But they are not surprised at all because these actions fit the pattern of behavior from this president over the last three years .
And , you know , we show this in the book - how , you know , every time he avoids accountability and escapes consequence for his actions , he becomes more emboldened and lashes out further and pushes the boundaries even more .
And the question really becomes , what is the breaking point ?
That 's what people in our government and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ asking at this hour .
DAVIES : What does that mean , the breaking point ?
RUCKER : Well , at what point has the president crossed the line ?
At what point does somebody need to stand up and try to stop him ?
There was an expectation , certainly among some , that the episode with Ukraine was that breaking point and that enough members of the Senate would stand up to the president and convict him .
That clearly was not the case .
But , you know , there @ @ @ @ @ @ @ further erosion of these norms and of our rule of law .
And the question really is , when will people do anything about it ?
DAVIES : Is there any evidence that Republican senators who voted to acquit the president are bothered by these events ?
RUCKER : They say they 're bothered .
A number of them have said they 're very concerned by these events .
You know , Ron Johnson , the senator from Wisconsin , Susan Collins , senator from Maine - both said that they placed calls @ @ @ @ @ @ @ prevent him , prevent the president from firing Ambassador Sondland before he took that action .
Those calls obviously fell on deaf ears .
And then , you know , more recently , we 've heard from a number of senators , including Lisa Murkowski of Alaska , expressing real concern with the president 's apparent intervention in the decision by the Justice Department to lower the sentencing recommendation for Roger Stone , his friend .
She has expressed some concern and distress over that , as have some of her colleagues .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ whether concern and distress and senators being disturbed by the actions really amounts to anything if they 're not willing to vote or take action to hold the president accountable .
DAVIES : You know , Mitch McConnell has said that the entire - the whole impeachment effort on the part of the Democrats was a great political blunder .
The president seems emboldened , and there 's some evidence that his , you know , ratings may have taken an uptick .
Do you think he 's in a stronger position for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ episode ?
RUCKER : Well , a lot of senior Democratic officials that I 've spoken to in the days following the impeachment acquittal do believe that President Trump is in his strongest position to date for reelection .
And they look at a number of factors .
First of all , he 's still in office .
So by definition , he is up for reelection .
But he 's amassing a huge war chest .
He is galvanizing his supporters .
His rallies are enormous .
And he - his approval @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ticked up slightly .
He remains a historically unpopular president .
He remains eminently beatable because of how polarizing and divisive he has been , especially with women voters , especially with voters of color .
However , Democrats are concerned that he 's going to be much more difficult to beat than they may have bargained for several months ago and are really worried .
And that 's one of the reasons why you see almost a paralysis right now on the part of Democratic voters .
They 're not sure who @ @ @ @ @ @ @ nominee to take on Trump .
You have so many divisions right now in the Democratic Party about whether it 's Bernie Sanders , whether it 's Biden , whether it 's Buttigieg , whether it 's Mike Bloomberg , the former New York mayor .
And that just speaks to the stakes of this election and the uncertainty among Democrats about how to defeat Trump .
DAVIES : Going forward , are there stories you particularly want to pursue in the coming weeks and months ?
RUCKER : Oh , my gosh @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( Laughter ) There 's a lot to pursue .
I - you know , I want to get to the bottom of what happened with the Justice Department and Roger Stone - I think there 's a lot more to be learned there - and to follow this campaign and where it goes .
But , you know , what I really want to understand is how the president is going to use his power in the months ahead .
He has been impeached .
That will always stick with him .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ takeaway from that acquittal was not to have become humbled and learned a lesson , as some of his Republican Senate allies suggested , but rather to feel invincible and to act as if he 's above the law .
And how does that manifest itself ?
How will he exercise power in the final year of his first term ?
And will that , in turn , win him a second term ?
It might .
And there 's a lot of fear among Democrats that it will .
And I think @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 'll be following here at The Washington Post .
DAVIES : Well , Philip Rucker , thanks so much for speaking with us again .
DAVIES : Philip Rucker is The Washington Post 's White House bureau chief .
His book with Carol Leonnig , a national investigative reporter for the paper , is called `` A Very Stable Genius . ''
Coming up , jazz critic Kevin Whitehead reviews a new album from American saxophonist Ellery Eskelin and two European collaborators .
This is FRESH AIR .

'Stable Genius' Authors Describe Trump Presidency As A 'Den Of Dysfunction'
DAVE DAVIES, HOST:
This is FRESH AIR. I'm Dave Davies, in for Terry Gross. It's President's Day, and today, we take a look at the Trump presidency through the eyes of two Pulitzer Prize-winning reporters from The Washington Post, Philip Rucker and Carol Leonnig. I spoke with them in January when their new book was published, but our interview was preempted on most stations by special coverage of the impeachment trial in the Senate. Today, we'll air that interview along with an update on events since it was recorded.
Leonnig and Rucker's book is an unsettling account of the first 2 1/2 years of the Trump administration. There's the moment where a raging president berates his senior military leaders, calling them losers, another where he appears not to know what happened at Pearl Harbor and many instances of erratic decision-making, driven by the whims of a president with little patience for the details of public policy. While many of the events in the book were publicly reported as they occurred, the authors conducted more than 200 fresh interviews to add new details and context. Carol Leonnig is a national investigative reporter for The Post. Philip Rucker is the paper's White House bureau chief. The title of their book is taken from words President Trump has used to describe himself; it's called "A Very Stable Genius."
Carol Leonnig, Philip Rucker, welcome to FRESH AIR. Let's talk about some of the - what you reveal in the book. And I think one of the things that's gotten the most headlines so far are details on a briefing for the president in July of 2017 in the Pentagon. And some of the things the president said have been - gotten a lot of attention. But I want you to begin by just telling us - because I find this also interesting - who set up the briefing, why they wanted to do it and how they structured it to get the president and keep the president's attention.
PHILIP RUCKER: Yeah. Dave, this meeting was a really important inflection point for President Trump. It was about six months into the administration. And his defense secretary, Jim Mattis; his secretary of state, Rex Tillerson; Gary Cohn, the top economic adviser - they were really alarmed by the president's lack of knowledge about the world, by his lack of understanding about military deployments and bases all around the globe and felt like they needed to basically school him, to tutor him.
So they arranged for this meeting at a sacred space in the Pentagon. It's the tank. That's what they call it. It's a private room where decisions of war and peace are determined by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. They brought the president there. And they went through a slideshow explaining, you know, where our troops are deployed, why we have the alliances we do, what does NATO do, why do we have so many troops in South Korea in the Korean Peninsula to fend off the threat of North Korea. And the president got irritated by this "Schoolhouse Rock!" vibe in the room, and he ended up barking at the generals in the room and the other advisers. He said, you're a bunch of dopes and babies. Those are his words. He said, I wouldn't go to war with you people. And it was a really harrowing moment. It was emotional - generals who had to cover their eyes because they were so worried about this moment.
Vice President Pence didn't say anything, even though his son is in the military. Rex Tillerson, the secretary of state, was the only one to stand up to confront the president. And after the meeting ended, he said that the president was an effing moron. And this was so important because if this is how he respects - or disrespects, rather - the military leaders, the relationship he has with the people, he's going to be counting on to lead Americans into battle, that is alarming for those in the military, according to the people we spoke with.
DAVIES: Right. He said, I wouldn't go to war with you people - you're losers, right?
RUCKER: That's right. And he called the war in Afghanistan a loser war.
DAVIES: Take us a little bit more inside the give-and-take here because the idea was to provide him with some basic information. Give us a sense - I mean, before these explosive comments were exchanged - kind of how the president reacted to this tutorial.
CAROL LEONNIG: So keep in mind, as Phil described, that these three very senior people in the administration are hopeful about guiding a novice president. They're excited about the opportunity to help teach him. They have been frustrated, to be clear, because he doesn't seem to know, you know, why it's important to have these bases that basically, as Mattis said numerous times in this meeting, this is what keeps us safe, Mr. President.
He doesn't enjoy hearing that there should be bases on the Korean Peninsula. He talks about how they need to make some money, why foreign countries need to pay our military to be where they are based to protect the Middle East or protect Western Europe. He is saying, you know, we need to make money off this. And that is something that just drives so many people in the room bonkers to the point that Rex Tillerson stands up and says, that's not why people put on a uniform, Mr. President. They're protecting our freedom. It's not about making money. It's not about making a buck.
DAVIES: It was remarkable that Tillerson was the one figure in the room who directly contradicted the president.
LEONNIG: You know, one thing about that moment is - that both Phil and I found so chilling - is that many in the room are waiting for someone to say something, palpably waiting. Mike Pence is like a wax figure. He says nothing, and that really troubles some of the people in the room. Many are waiting for Mattis to say something, but his head is kind of bowed, and it's almost like he's just taking it, taking it on the chin. And when he doesn't say anything, that's when Tillerson says, look - I'm going to have to step in. They all kind of come to some sort of silent acknowledgement that the - basically the Pentagon brass can't speak back to their commander in chief.
DAVIES: The other thing that I found interesting about this anecdote is that when these officials - you know, Defense Secretary Mattis and Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and Gary Cohn - were planning this, they took a lot of care to craft a presentation which they thought would capture and hold the president's attention. What kind - how did they do that?
RUCKER: You know, that far into the administration, the advisers learned that the president didn't take briefings like any other president. He doesn't read the intelligence book. He doesn't like to listen to long lectures or explanations about what the intelligence is. He likes to see graphics, videos, charts, dollar signs, his own name. And so what Mattis and Cohn and Tillerson did is they put together a slideshow presentation that would accentuate all of those, features, that would have, you know, a map of the world and lots of dollar signs and facts and figures and make it much more readable in a way, easier for President Trump to comprehend and not get distracted or bored by. Early in the administration, I interviewed Mike Pompeo, who was then the CIA director, and he said, you know what the president likes? And these are Pompeo's words - killer graphics. And that's the way they learned to deliver intelligence to him.
DAVIES: There's a lot in here about his relationship with President Putin. I wanted to - what insights did you get into how Trump thought he could deal with Putin and how Putin regarded President Trump?
RUCKER: You know, it's interesting. From the very beginning - this was right after the election, during the transition period, when Trump was trying to staff his cabinet. He was in an interview, a job interview, with one of his secretary of state candidates. And he turned to Reince Priebus, who was set to become the White House chief of staff, and asked Priebus, you know, when can I meet Putin? (Laughter) I want to meet Putin. Can I meet him before my inauguration?
And that would have been such an extraordinary breach of protocol, to be meeting with the Russian president before having met with the NATO allies, before being inaugurated, while President Obama was still in office. But it was indicative of Trump's burning desire to have a relationship, a friendship, a bromance with Vladimir Putin. He saw Putin and still sees Putin as a strongman, as someone who has the leadership abilities and kind of muscular machismo that's to be admired. And throughout the book, there are moments where Trump is admiring of Putin.
And he actually finally had his first meeting with Putin in Hamburg, Germany, on the sidelines of the Group of 20 summit. And he met for about two hours in private with Putin, and afterwards, he told Rex Tillerson, the secretary of state - who, by the way, has years of negotiating with Putin as the head of ExxonMobil - Trump told Tillerson, I've got this. I understand Putin. I just spent two hours with him. I know more about him than you do. You don't need to advise me anymore. I got it under control.
DAVIES: And he expressed the opinion that, you know, Putin does not have an agenda of undermining U.S. interests, right? You can be friends.
LEONNIG: That was definitely what the president said repeatedly to all of his aides. Tillerson, Pompeo, the entire national security firmament, the intelligence community was constantly trying to brief this president about the ways in which Putin tries to exploit American vulnerabilities and leap into situations where he can take some advantage.
In fact, Rex Tillerson was trying to school the president gently, not in a patronizing way, but gently school him about - here's what Putin is doing every morning when he wakes up; he's looking for where we've got a hole, and he's going to dash over there, and we won't be fast enough to take advantage of it and stop him. And the president repeatedly rejected this, including rejecting the intelligence that he was brought constantly about the fact that Putin had directly, intentionally interfered in the 2016 election. President Trump said, yeah, I don't think he's really doing that.
DAVIES: You write - this is the two of you in the book - (Reading) Putin had developed a knack for manipulating Trump, making him believe that the two of them could get big things accomplished if they ignored their staffs and worked one-on-one. National security aides feared Putin knew how to feed the unusual combination of Trump's ego and insecurity and how to cultivate conspiracies in his mind.
LEONNIG: You know, there is this moment when Putin says to President Trump, you know, we could have a great relationship, but the people, the little people below us, they're against it. It isn't exact quote. I want to be careful in what I say about this, but the paraphrase is, basically, if we just - you know, the little people are rooting against us in our government. I understand that. And it totally speaks to Donald Trump's conspiracy theories about the deep state.
You know, he believed his intelligence community, his national security community, his State Department, his Justice Department should be working for him and defending his image and his political, you know, power. But he also believed that they were out to get him. And it all started, honestly, with the FBI investigation of his campaign to try to figure out if any of the members of his campaign were coordinating in any way or encouraging Russian interference.
DAVIES: Carol Leonnig and Philip Rucker are both Pulitzer Prize-winning reporters for The Washington Post. Their new book is "A Very Stable Genius." We'll continue our conversation after a short break. This is FRESH AIR.
(SOUNDBITE OF THE WEE TRIO'S "LOLA")
DAVIES: This is FRESH AIR. And we're speaking with Carol Leonnig and Philip Rucker. They are both Pulitzer Prize-winning reporters from The Washington Post. They have a new book about the Trump administration. It's called "A Very Stable Genius: Donald J. Trump's Testing Of America."
One of the things that's fascinating about reading the book is you get an inside look of circumstances in which the White House is dealing with a complicated issue, and there's just a level of confusion and disorganization that puts people in some very awkward spots. And one of the most remarkable is in the first year, early on, and it deals with immigration where Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and John Kelly, who was then secretary of homeland security, are in Mexico to kind of - you know, kind of patch up a rocky relationship that's been created by President Trump's insistence that they will pay for a border wall or face big tariffs. Things seem to be going well, and then the unexpected happens. You want to just tell us the story?
LEONNIG: Dave, this is a moment that is striking for a lot of reasons, but one of them is while two very senior Cabinet members are trying to clean up for Donald Trump, they find themselves undercut by Donald Trump on live television. It's February of 2017, so very early in the administration. Both of them have a lot of experience and exposure in Latin America and Central America and a lot of relationships in Mexico, especially John Kelly, who had been in charge of Southern Command. And they're down there to meet with the president of Mexico, also to meet with some of his members of his Cabinet and his government, to tell them, look - we are not at war with you. Yeah, there's this big fight about the border, but we want to be partners and allies. We want to support you, and we need your help, too, because if you can help us stop the illegal flow of immigration, we can try to help you do that. So this is what they're working on, and it's very friendly.
And while they're on their way to one of the most important meetings, they're leaving their hotel in Mexico City and heading together out of the hallway towards their motorcade, Tillerson turns to John Kelly in the hallway and says, you're never going to believe what the president just said. Up in Washington, the president, who's gotten now in the habit of having live televised crews film his Cabinet meetings, is meeting with a group of business leaders, and he's telling them that this situation on the border is out of control, and he's going to stop it, and it's now a military operation, essentially leaving people with the impression that he's about to send troops down to the border, which is obviously not true. Kelly hears this from Tillerson and goes into overdrive, immediately starts getting a pen - a red pen - and remarking all of his comments that he's going to make at the press conference that's coming up with his Mexican counterparts because he knows he's going to have to address what the president just said.
The two of them are really flummoxed and angry, and they're cursing. John Kelly hits his forehead with his hand and says a curse word. And they head off. And it is - it falls to John Kelly to give a - basically a speech about how, look - we're not sending troops to the border. He does it in a very deft way, though, Dave, which is he doesn't actually, again, confront his boss on international television. He says, you know, you people in the press, you need to make sure you get this right - it's not a military operation. You guys have been confused about this in the past. Just want to reiterate - this is not a military operation. There are going to be no troops. He can't be more emphatic, but he's not pointing the finger at the boss.
DAVIES: You both covered government for public officials for a long time. And, I mean, I know the standards that you impose on yourselves as reporters of government and politics and that when you cover officials, I mean, there are some tough stories, and there are also times you give people credit for doing the right thing or at least good-faith efforts. And I know how important it is for you to talk to all sides of an issue, to be thorough and fair and open-minded.
But on the last page of your book you have this statement about Trump - (reading) By the fall of 2019, Trump was acting as if he were convinced of his own invincibility, believing he could wield the vast powers of his office in pursuit of his personal and political goals without accountability. He genuinely believed that his interests came first and that, as president, he was above the law.
And I'm wondering, what is it like to cover a public official? After you rendered such a harsh judgment about his fitness for office, is it a different experience?
LEONNIG: I don't think Phil and I have come to a conclusion about the president's fitness for office. What we have come to a conclusion about is that so many people who served at his shoulder for months and years are very worried about his fitness for office. We all know, as a point of fact, that he had no experience in public service before - nothing to speak of. And that's not absolutely unique for a politician; it's kind of unusual for a president.
We feel strongly that our role as journalists is to share with you everything that we've learned from the people who knew him best. We choose this title, "A Very Stable Genius," because it's the president's own words about himself. Now, we hold that mirror up to the president, and we stress test it with the people who worked for him, the people he confided in, the people who saw him day in and day out in a way that we didn't, and this is really their judgment.
DAVIES: I also wanted to ask about the use of anonymous sources. You know, I covered - I was a daily newspaper reporter for 20 years covering government at state and local level. And I kind of had a guideline that I would certainly use confidential sources for information, and if they showed that, you know, a politician was lazy or incompetent, I would report the information, but that if you wanted to render a judgment about somebody's character or competence, you kind of got to have your name on it for me to use that in the newspaper.
And in the book, you have a quote attributed to - I guess it's a senior-level administration official saying, the guy is completely crazy; the story of Trump, a president with the horrible instincts and a senior-level cabinet playing whack-a-mole. You have another national security official you quote saying, I've served with the man for two years; I think he's a long-term and immediate danger to the country. Do you have any qualms about anonymous quotes that are that - you know, these ad hominem attacks? And is it different with this president?
LEONNIG: You know, Dave, I think Phil and I have a very similar rule of thumb to yours about this issue of judging someone's character in an anonymous quote. I'll tell you why I feel that both of us were comfortable with this one, which is that it was illustrative of something we heard time and time again. This idea of the cabinet playing whack-a-mole with bad ideas that the president made without good information, without discipline, without a real process for assessing the best path forward - if we counted up how many times we heard something like that, it would be a large, large number.
And I think that one of the important things about the anonymous sources here that you have to keep in mind is that some of these people did not speak to us in real time when these events were unfolding for a couple of reasons. They were, one, afraid of Donald Trump and his ability to retaliate against them, as he's proven very adept at with his very large Twitter megaphone. And another reason was some of them, in their DNA as national security or intelligence officials, they don't talk to reporters, and they don't criticize a sitting president, but when we came around with a book, and we said this is for history, when we said this is going to be the tome that explains Donald Trump's presidency, they felt compelled - while fearful, they still felt compelled to try to help us get it right, get history right, and that's why they came forward.
And it took a lot of work, but I think the product is here now, and readers can make their own judgment about whether they feel it rings true. We know we're confident in it.
DAVIES: Carol Leonnig and Philip Rucker are reporters at The Washington Post. Their new book is "A Very Stable Genius." After a break, they'll talk about the challenges of reporting on the Trump administration and on their personal interactions with the president. Also, jazz critic Kevin Whitehead reviews a new album from American saxophonist Ellery Eskelin and two European collaborators. I'm Dave Davies, and this is FRESH AIR.
(SOUNDBITE OF HAROLD LOPEX-NUSSA'S "HIALEAH")
DAVIES: This is FRESH AIR. I'm Dave Davies, in for Terry Gross. For President's Day, we're listening to my interview recorded in January with Pulitzer Prize-winning Washington Post reports Carol Leonnig and Philip Rucker about their new book on the Trump presidency. That interview was preempted on most stations by the special coverage of the impeachment trial in the Senate. Rucker and Leonnig's book is based on more than 200 interviews with administration officials, Trump confidants and other firsthand witnesses to key events. It's called "A Very Stable Genius."
This is an administration that doesn't have a very active press office in terms of disseminating information. Are there more leakers than in under other administration? Does more information come out the sides?
RUCKER: Yes, but I wouldn't call them leakers. I would say there are more people inside the administration - and not just in the West Wing, by the way, among political aides, but throughout the administration, at the Pentagon, in the national security apparatus, at the State Department and elsewhere, at the Justice Department - who are more willing, I think, now to talk to reporters in part because they are so alarmed by what they see happening, not only by the president but by others in the administration.
There is dysfunction so often around policies, around the agenda, around action items, and I think there - that has created more truth-tellers in the administration. It has meant, for us as reporters, that we have more sources we can go to, but it's also meant we have more of a challenge to sort of find the truth. When we hear something, it's not always right, and we've got to, you know, talk to a range of people, a range of sources with different perspectives to really understand what truly happened and understand the fact.
LEONNIG: That's right. And, you know, I would add one thing, which is that in this den of dysfunction, the president has really encouraged, you know, rival gangs to go up against each other, as evidenced by the fights he sort of cheers on. And some of those people are trying to dime the other ones out, and we've got to ferret through that, as Phil described. We've got to be very careful that we're not getting pushed and manipulated by their different agendas.
DAVIES: The president is known for frequent misstatements of fact. Not every misstatement of fact is a lie, right? Sometimes you can be mistaken. How do you use your judgment in how to characterize these things?
RUCKER: You know, we follow the advice of our executive editor, Marty Baron, who feels like, to call a statement of the president's a lie is a big hurdle. To call something a lie, we have to know what the president's intent was. Did he intend to mislead and misinform and, in effect, lie? You know, so many of the things that he says, we're more comfortable calling them misstatements or falsehoods because we don't necessarily know that he knows that they're false. We don't necessarily know what's in his mind.
You know, when he was on his birtherism crusade about President Obama and insisting that he was born in Kenya or at least not born in Hawaii, that was clearly a lie. There was a clear political motivation there. He had been clearly proven wrong by the facts, by the actual birth certificate. That was a lie. But a lot of the statements that the president makes that are not true, we don't apply that label to it because we just can't discern what his motivation is.
DAVIES: What have your personal interactions with the president been like?
RUCKER: I started covering Donald Trump's campaign very early on and interviewed him numerous times at Trump Tower and over the course of that campaign and then several times in the White House.
And, you know, he actually called me on the phone on a Saturday morning as - early on in this project, when Carol and I started working on it. And I took the opportunity to explain to him the book and what we're doing, and, you know, he was supportive. He said, I want a proper book done. I - you know, you're a serious person. You should come in. I'll do an interview. I'll do it. And unfortunately, the relationship devolved, you know, in the months that followed because he was - had such hostility with the news media and with The Washington Post in particular.
But I've always found in my interactions with him, including on Air Force One, when he'll sometimes come back to the cabin to chitchat, that he's always seeking our approval - and not just me, of course, but the other reporters in the press corps. He wants to impress us. He wants to have an impact on our thinking, change the way we view him and his administration and his policies.
I was with him in London in December for the NATO summit. And I don't know if your listeners will remember, but he had a day where he had three back-to-back foreign leader meetings. And normally, there are photo ops there, where you just come in for about two or three minutes and get a picture of the president with his foreign counterpart, and then you leave. And in each instance, he talked to us for 30 minutes, 45 minutes, taking question after question after question. And he would repeatedly, like, look at me and say, do you have any more? Do you have any more? Give me another one. He seemed to enjoy it.
And so, you know, he tweets what he tweets, of course, but deep down and when you're in a little bit more of a private setting, he very much craves our approval.
DAVIES: Yeah, I've often wondered if reporters who have personal experiences with the president, when they are in rallies and the president is, you know, berating the fake news media, that you wish some of those hearing this and cheering could actually see him interacting with reporters at a personal level. It's really a different attitude.
RUCKER: It's very different. And, you know, this is true before he became president, but it's especially true now - he views the media and especially the mainstream media as his oxygen. He wants to be on the front page. He wants to be taken seriously, like a credible figure. He brags privately about how many front-page stories he's on in The New York Times, which is of course his hometown paper. Now we're the hometown paper, The Washington Post. But it's a very different mindset than the one that he projects publicly to his supporters.
DAVIES: You know, I'm sure when you began this project, you had no idea that it would be published just as a trial would be beginning in the Senate for the president's impeachment.
(LAUGHTER)
RUCKER: No way.
DAVIES: How has that affected the impact, the reception of the book?
LEONNIG: In a weird way, Dave, the - all the reporting that we did and all the new things we found out, the themes of what this - what motivates this president, how he runs his shop, they all foreshadowed this moment, in a way. I'm not saying they foreshadowed obstruction or they foreshadowed abuse of office; what they foreshadowed was a theme throughout the presidency - Donald Trump is interested in perpetuating his own power. It's a presidency of one, and it's escalating in the direction of lack of discipline and chaos - a den of dysfunction, as Phil Rucker put it once in a story.
And here we are at this moment. Why is the president in so much hot water? Because the guardrails are gone. He was relying on Rudy Giuliani, who told him, hey, we can get some dirt on your No. 1 political opponent, Joe Biden, in Ukraine. And the president asked the Ukraine president for a favor on a telephone call, and the favor was for the perpetuation of his own power. And that was to help him in his reelection and get some dirt on his then-No. 1 foe.
DAVIES: Philip Rucker, Carol Leonnig - thank you so much for speaking with us.
RUCKER: Thank you, Dave.
LEONNIG: Thank you, Dave.
DAVIES: Carol Leonnig and Philip Rucker's book about the Trump presidency is called "A Very Stable Genius." I spoke to them in January, but the interview was preempted on most stations by special coverage of the impeachment trial in the Senate. Coming up, we'll get an update from Philip Rucker on events since that interview was recorded. This is FRESH AIR.
(SOUNDBITE OF INCREDIBLE BONGO BAND'S "APACHE")
DAVIES: This is FRESH AIR. We've been listening to my interview recorded in January with Washington Post reporters Philip Rucker and Carol Leonnig about their book, "A Very Stable Genius," an account of the first 2 1/2 years of the Trump administration. For today's show, we wanted to get an update on events that have transpired since that first interview, and Philip Rucker was available for a conversation, which we recorded last Wednesday.
Since the book was published, the president was acquitted in the Senate, and he had a news conference in which he reveled in what he saw as his exoneration. Does the administration feel different now, different post-impeachment?
RUCKER: You know, it feels slightly different. The president certainly is acting as if he's more empowered, more emboldened to do as he pleases without consequence. And he has reason for that because the evidence piled up regarding his conduct with Ukraine, even some of his Republican allies in the Senate acknowledged that what he did in Ukraine was improper and wrong, and yet he avoided penalty; he avoided punishment. He was, of course, impeached by the House, but he was not removed from office and indeed remains president and will fight on for a second term in a November election.
DAVIES: You wrote a piece for The Washington Post recently, consulting historians and legal experts about how the president's acquittal might affect future presidents and the balance of power among the branches of government. What did you find?
RUCKER: You know, I found that the Senate's acquittal in the face of evidence that many senators viewed as conclusive regarding the president's misconduct in Ukraine set a pattern for the future and reshaped presidential power, set a new precedent for presidential power. And historians were very concerned about this because the founders of our government set up a system whereby the legislative branch would serve as a check on the power of the executive and that if a president overstepped that power or did something improper or wrong, there was a system in place whereby the people's representatives, those members of Congress, would be able to to check that.
And Congress, in this case - you know, the Senate decided not to exercise that power and instead made themselves instruments of the executive's power. They helped enable Trump. They helped protect Trump. And they sent a signal that if Trump were to do this again, if he were to again ask a foreign government to help him with a political errand or if he were to again do something else that plainly violates a norm in this country, that there wouldn't be consequences and that they would have his back because he's the president and he's the leader of their political party.
DAVIES: We've also had the events surrounding Roger Stone, who is up for sentencing in federal court.
RUCKER: This has been a watershed moment post-impeachment. Critics say that it is completely improper politicization of the Justice Department and the president trying to influence the criminal prosecution of a friend, to protect one of his friends. The federal prosecutors in the case recommended sentencing of, you know, several years; up to nine years was their recommendation. The president believed that was far too strenuous for Stone and actually took to Twitter to lash out about that, to speak out that he thought that that sentence recommendation was unfair.
The next morning, we discover that the Justice Department has overruled the recommendation of those prosecutors, was revising it. And four of those prosecutors then resigned from that case in an apparent act of protest against the interference by, you know, political superiors at the Justice Department. The president maintains that he did nothing wrong here, that he did not personally ask the Justice Department or the attorney general to revise the sentencing recommendation. However, he made his views very clear on Twitter.
There still more to learn about this case, but it stands as an example of just how emboldened and free this president now feels, having survived impeachment, to be able to run the government and pull the levers of power, including in the Justice Department, as he sees fit.
DAVIES: As you have talked to sources in the government, are they surprised by the events we've seen - the removal of Vindman and his brother, the moves in the sentencing of Roger Stone?
RUCKER: You know, people I've talked to in the government and also people who've served in the government but are no longer there right now are horrified by what they've seen. They think this is clearly wrong and fear for what the ramifications could be for our democracy. But they are not surprised at all because these actions fit the pattern of behavior from this president over the last three years. And, you know, we show this in the book - how, you know, every time he avoids accountability and escapes consequence for his actions, he becomes more emboldened and lashes out further and pushes the boundaries even more. And the question really becomes, what is the breaking point? That's what people in our government and in our Justice Department in particular are asking at this hour.
DAVIES: What does that mean, the breaking point?
RUCKER: Well, at what point has the president crossed the line? At what point does somebody need to stand up and try to stop him? There was an expectation, certainly among some, that the episode with Ukraine was that breaking point and that enough members of the Senate would stand up to the president and convict him. That clearly was not the case. But, you know, there - we could continue to see a further erosion of these norms and of our rule of law. And the question really is, when will people do anything about it?
DAVIES: Is there any evidence that Republican senators who voted to acquit the president are bothered by these events?
RUCKER: They say they're bothered. A number of them have said they're very concerned by these events. You know, Ron Johnson, the senator from Wisconsin, Susan Collins, senator from Maine - both said that they placed calls to the White House to try to prevent him, prevent the president from firing Ambassador Sondland before he took that action. Those calls obviously fell on deaf ears. And then, you know, more recently, we've heard from a number of senators, including Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, expressing real concern with the president's apparent intervention in the decision by the Justice Department to lower the sentencing recommendation for Roger Stone, his friend. She has expressed some concern and distress over that, as have some of her colleagues.
But it's unclear at this point whether concern and distress and senators being disturbed by the actions really amounts to anything if they're not willing to vote or take action to hold the president accountable.
DAVIES: You know, Mitch McConnell has said that the entire - the whole impeachment effort on the part of the Democrats was a great political blunder. The president seems emboldened, and there's some evidence that his, you know, ratings may have taken an uptick. Do you think he's in a stronger position for reelection as a result of the impeachment episode?
RUCKER: Well, a lot of senior Democratic officials that I've spoken to in the days following the impeachment acquittal do believe that President Trump is in his strongest position to date for reelection. And they look at a number of factors. First of all, he's still in office. So by definition, he is up for reelection. But he's amassing a huge war chest. He is galvanizing his supporters. His rallies are enormous. And he - his approval rating, by some measures, has ticked up slightly. He remains a historically unpopular president. He remains eminently beatable because of how polarizing and divisive he has been, especially with women voters, especially with voters of color.
However, Democrats are concerned that he's going to be much more difficult to beat than they may have bargained for several months ago and are really worried. And that's one of the reasons why you see almost a paralysis right now on the part of Democratic voters. They're not sure who the best candidate is to be their nominee to take on Trump. You have so many divisions right now in the Democratic Party about whether it's Bernie Sanders, whether it's Biden, whether it's Buttigieg, whether it's Mike Bloomberg, the former New York mayor. And that just speaks to the stakes of this election and the uncertainty among Democrats about how to defeat Trump.
DAVIES: Going forward, are there stories you particularly want to pursue in the coming weeks and months?
RUCKER: Oh, my gosh. Where do we even begin? (Laughter) There's a lot to pursue. I - you know, I want to get to the bottom of what happened with the Justice Department and Roger Stone - I think there's a lot more to be learned there - and to follow this campaign and where it goes.
But, you know, what I really want to understand is how the president is going to use his power in the months ahead. He has been impeached. That will always stick with him. But he was acquitted, and his takeaway from that acquittal was not to have become humbled and learned a lesson, as some of his Republican Senate allies suggested, but rather to feel invincible and to act as if he's above the law. And how does that manifest itself? How will he exercise power in the final year of his first term? And will that, in turn, win him a second term? It might. And there's a lot of fear among Democrats that it will. And I think that's a dominant story that we'll be following here at The Washington Post.
DAVIES: Well, Philip Rucker, thanks so much for speaking with us again.
RUCKER: Thank you.
DAVIES: Philip Rucker is The Washington Post's White House bureau chief. His book with Carol Leonnig, a national investigative reporter for the paper, is called "A Very Stable Genius." Coming up, jazz critic Kevin Whitehead reviews a new album from American saxophonist Ellery Eskelin and two European collaborators. This is FRESH AIR.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARY BARROSO'S "BRAZIL")
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npr--2020-02-17--Virginia Governor's Bill To Ban Assault Weapons Fails, With Help From His Own Party

Virginia Governor 's Bill To Ban Assault Weapons Fails , With Help From His Own Party Virginia 's Democratic governor seemed poised to make broad changes to his state 's gun control laws , but was dealt a stinging blow by his own party Monday when a state Senate committee blocked a bill that would have , among other things , banned sales of assault weapons .
Four Democrats on Virginia 's Senate Judiciary Committee broke ranks with their party handing the Republican minority a victory in tabling the bill for the remainder of the year .
It also sent @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Commission for further review .
The bill would have banned the sale or transfer of certain assault-style weapons in Virginia .
It also would have made it illegal to possess silencers and magazines holding more than 12 rounds .
Gov .
Ralph Northam , a Democrat , had championed the legislation , which was part of a series of eight gun-control measures the Virginia House passed earlier this year .
The seven remaining bills are still being considered in the state Senate .
Still , after Democrats ' big gains last fall in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ governor 's mansion and both chambers of Virginia 's General Assembly for the first time in a generation — changes in gun laws appeared on track to move forward unimpeded .
A spokesperson for Northam , Alena Yarmosky , said in a statement to NPR that the governor was `` disappointed '' in the Senate panel 's vote Monday .
The governor `` fully expects the Crime Commission to give this measure the detailed review the Senators called for , '' she added .
`` We will be back next year . ''
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ renewed their push for tighter gun restrictions following last year 's mass shooting at a Virginia Beach municipal complex in which 12 victims died .
The gunman worked at the government building and used a sound suppressor , which he obtained legally , during the May 31 rampage .
Among the items lawmakers in the Virginia House have approved include one calling for universal background checks on private firearms sales and creating an extreme risk protection order , also known as a `` red flag '' law .
Those laws allow authorities to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ be a threat to themselves or others .
But then the Senate committee balked at the assault-style weapons bill .
After Monday 's 10-5 vote , state Sen. L. Louise Lucas , D-Portsmouth , called the four Democrats who voted to table the measure a `` bunch of wimps , '' according to The Washington Post .
Meanwhile the National Rifle Association , which is headquartered in the Fairfax , Va. , celebrated the defeat in a tweet , calling the bill `` anti-American . ''
`` The Virginia Senate Judiciary Committee voted @ @ @ @ @ @ @ banning standard-capacity mags , future sales of suppressors and commonly-owned firearms , '' the tweet read .
`` Thank you to NRA members and gun owners who fought to defeat this anti-American legislation .
# valeg '' '' Gun rights groups said it would make thousands of law-abiding Virginians felons overnight .
But gun control advocates including Lori Haas with The Coalition to Stop Gun Violence say it would reduce the death toll in mass shootings , '' Whittney Evans of VPM in Richmond reports .
Haas told Evans , `` It 's @ @ @ @ @ @ @ this issue when it got them the majority in November . ''
With its rich gun culture , Virginia historically has been loath to pass gun control measures .
The governor pressed for tightening state gun laws immediately after the Virginia Beach shooting , calling for a special legislative session last summer .
The General Assembly , which was then under Republican control , adjourned after less than two hours — it did not consider a single piece of legislation .
But after Democrats made big gains last fall in the state Legislature @ @ @ @ @ @ @ both chambers of Virginia 's General Assembly for the first time in a generation — changes in gun laws appeared imminent .
In December , Northam told NPR that he was confident new gun laws would be enacted .
`` Dealing with the gun violence in Virginia will be a top priority of our administration , '' Northam said .
`` Now certainly with a Democratic Senate and House , I believe we can move forward with common sense gun legislation . ''
The committee vote comes nearly a month after an estimated @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , took part in a rally at the Virginia State Capitol last month protesting efforts to pass new gun legislation .
`` Some people wore camouflage and helmets , while a few dressed in Revolutionary War costumes .
Others wore jeans or suits , but with rifles slung across their chests , '' NPR 's Bill Chappell reported .
Only one person was arrested , a 21-year-old woman charged with a felony count of wearing a mask in public .

Virginia Governor's Bill To Ban Assault Weapons Fails, With Help From His Own Party
Enlarge this image toggle caption Steve Helber/AP Steve Helber/AP
Updated at 5:11 p.m. ET
Virginia's Democratic governor seemed poised to make broad changes to his state's gun control laws, but was dealt a stinging blow by his own party Monday when a state Senate committee blocked a bill that would have, among other things, banned sales of assault weapons.
Four Democrats on Virginia's Senate Judiciary Committee broke ranks with their party handing the Republican minority a victory in tabling the bill for the remainder of the year. It also sent the measure to the state's Crime Commission for further review.
The bill would have banned the sale or transfer of certain assault-style weapons in Virginia. It also would have made it illegal to possess silencers and magazines holding more than 12 rounds.
Gov. Ralph Northam, a Democrat, had championed the legislation, which was part of a series of eight gun-control measures the Virginia House passed earlier this year. The seven remaining bills are still being considered in the state Senate.
Still, after Democrats' big gains last fall in the Virginia General Assembly — controlling the governor's mansion and both chambers of Virginia's General Assembly for the first time in a generation — changes in gun laws appeared on track to move forward unimpeded.
A spokesperson for Northam, Alena Yarmosky, said in a statement to NPR that the governor was "disappointed" in the Senate panel's vote Monday.
The governor "fully expects the Crime Commission to give this measure the detailed review the Senators called for," she added. "We will be back next year."
Democrats, led by Northam, have renewed their push for tighter gun restrictions following last year's mass shooting at a Virginia Beach municipal complex in which 12 victims died.
The gunman worked at the government building and used a sound suppressor, which he obtained legally, during the May 31 rampage.
Among the items lawmakers in the Virginia House have approved include one calling for universal background checks on private firearms sales and creating an extreme risk protection order, also known as a "red flag" law. Those laws allow authorities to temporarily confiscate firearms from someone thought to be a threat to themselves or others.
But then the Senate committee balked at the assault-style weapons bill.
After Monday's 10-5 vote, state Sen. L. Louise Lucas, D-Portsmouth, called the four Democrats who voted to table the measure a "bunch of wimps," according to The Washington Post.
Meanwhile the National Rifle Association, which is headquartered in the Fairfax, Va., celebrated the defeat in a tweet, calling the bill "anti-American."
"The Virginia Senate Judiciary Committee voted today to reject HB961, a bill banning standard-capacity mags, future sales of suppressors and commonly-owned firearms," the tweet read. "Thank you to NRA members and gun owners who fought to defeat this anti-American legislation. #valeg"
"Gun rights groups said it would make thousands of law-abiding Virginians felons overnight. But gun control advocates including Lori Haas with The Coalition to Stop Gun Violence say it would reduce the death toll in mass shootings," Whittney Evans of VPM in Richmond reports.
Haas told Evans, "It's absolutely ridiculous that Democrats walked back on this issue when it got them the majority in November."
With its rich gun culture, Virginia historically has been loath to pass gun control measures.
The governor pressed for tightening state gun laws immediately after the Virginia Beach shooting, calling for a special legislative session last summer. The General Assembly, which was then under Republican control, adjourned after less than two hours — it did not consider a single piece of legislation.
But after Democrats made big gains last fall in the state Legislature — controlling the governor's mansion and both chambers of Virginia's General Assembly for the first time in a generation — changes in gun laws appeared imminent.
In December, Northam told NPR that he was confident new gun laws would be enacted.
"Dealing with the gun violence in Virginia will be a top priority of our administration," Northam said. "Now certainly with a Democratic Senate and House, I believe we can move forward with common sense gun legislation."
The committee vote comes nearly a month after an estimated 22,000 demonstrators, many of them armed, took part in a rally at the Virginia State Capitol last month protesting efforts to pass new gun legislation.
"Some people wore camouflage and helmets, while a few dressed in Revolutionary War costumes. Others wore jeans or suits, but with rifles slung across their chests," NPR's Bill Chappell reported. Only one person was arrested, a 21-year-old woman charged with a felony count of wearing a mask in public.