principiascientificinternational--2020-09-01--Hot and Cold Light

Hot and Cold Light

This short essay is all about light and is really asking questions rather than proposing new theory .
It all stems from personal experience way back during WWII and observation of Searchlights and their attempts to illuminate the Bombers heading towards the city that I lived near , Coventry .
Those searchlight beams seemed to stop at exactly the same height .
One could see the beams from quite a distance away reaching up into the sky .
As they scanned back and forth clouds and occasionally an airplane would be illuminated , but quite often the beam would just @ @ @ @ @ @ @ at the same height .
I have adjusted torch bulbs and lenses to improve lighting effects when riding a bicycle at night .
I had seen the effects of adjusting car headlights .
I have recently seen how bright LED torches can shine .
YET : all these methods of producing light have exhibited the same phenomena , the light stops if you shine it directly up .
More importantly the beams stop at different distances ( see photo example below ) .
The LED beams do not go very far at all @ @ @ @ @ @ @ your eyes .
Those WWII searchlights would blind you if you looked down the beam when flying a plane .
My question is therefore What is going on ?
Especially what is making the LED light so bright yet it travels the shortest distance !
My tentative conclusion is the surface temperature of the substance that is emitting photons is somehow limiting the energy available to those photons thus the searchlight with significant surface temperature has much higher energy per photon than the cold LED produced photons from the LED torch .
This @ @ @ @ @ @ @ that can be applied to a photon that does not allow for the surface temperature of the photon emitting object .
This then further raises the question about our star , where the surface is cooler than its atmosphere .
We often see the surface yet rarely see its atmosphere , eclipse or satellite images .
Another evaluation metric becomes obvious now , that being the number of photons being emitted and the surface area and direction of those emitted photons .
This now changes my focus to look upon photons and perhaps @ @ @ @ @ @ @ when they collide with something .
Now depending upon how large you consider infinity to be there are an infinite number of photons streaming away from the sun very second .
These photons can be expressed in our local region as Energy-in-Transit .
We have very clever people who explain in real terms how much energy the earth receives per second kw/M² .
Can we work out how many photons that equates to ?
Multiply that number by the time taken for that energy to transit from sun to earth and you get @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Could this new value equate to dark energy ?
This then raises the sceptre of Dark matter .
Space is not empty .
There are particles of STUFF very thinly scattered through that huge volume of space called ‘ The Universe ’ .
Assign some numbers and try work out the mass of that very thinly scattered stuff and come up with another value for infinity .
Could the difference between that infinity and the mass of all the known starts in the universe be close to , or equal to the theoretical @ @ @ @ @ @ @ me back to light .
There is some theory that assigns a mass to a photon a very , very , very , very , very small mass .
As there are an infinite number of photons existing as ‘ Energy-in-Transit ’ from all that we see in the universe how much do they mass ?
I need a bigger better more accurate computer as mine keeps giving me new values for infinity !
I also need a more accurate way to work out standard deviations as +/- 5 % times infinity is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL , legally registered in the UK as a company incorporated for charitable purposes .
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Hot and Cold Light
Written by Michael Clarke (Logician)
This short essay is all about light and is really asking questions rather than proposing new theory.
It all stems from personal experience way back during WWII and observation of Searchlights and their attempts to illuminate the Bombers heading towards the city that I lived near, Coventry.
Those searchlight beams seemed to stop at exactly the same height. One could see the beams from quite a distance away reaching up into the sky. As they scanned back and forth clouds and occasionally an airplane would be illuminated, but quite often the beam would just stop and they always seemed to stop at the same height.
I have adjusted torch bulbs and lenses to improve lighting effects when riding a bicycle at night. I had seen the effects of adjusting car headlights. I have recently seen how bright LED torches can shine.
YET: all these methods of producing light have exhibited the same phenomena, the light stops if you shine it directly up. More importantly the beams stop at different distances (see photo example below).
The LED beams do not go very far at all yet are painfully bright if shone into your eyes.
Those WWII searchlights would blind you if you looked down the beam when flying a plane.
My question is therefore What is going on?
Especially what is making the LED light so bright yet it travels the shortest distance!
My tentative conclusion is the surface temperature of the substance that is emitting photons is somehow limiting the energy available to those photons thus the searchlight with significant surface temperature has much higher energy per photon than the cold LED produced photons from the LED torch.
This implies that there is not a standard that can be applied to a photon that does not allow for the surface temperature of the photon emitting object.
This then further raises the question about our star, where the surface is cooler than its atmosphere. We often see the surface yet rarely see its atmosphere, eclipse or satellite images.
Another evaluation metric becomes obvious now, that being the number of photons being emitted and the surface area and direction of those emitted photons.
This now changes my focus to look upon photons and perhaps dark energy.
Photons only become visible when they collide with something.
Now depending upon how large you consider infinity to be there are an infinite number of photons streaming away from the sun very second. These photons can be expressed in our local region as Energy-in-Transit.
We have very clever people who explain in real terms how much energy the earth receives per second kw/M². Can we work out how many photons that equates to? Multiply that number by the time taken for that energy to transit from sun to earth and you get a significantly larger value for infinity. Could this new value equate to dark energy?
This then raises the sceptre of Dark matter. Space is not empty. There are particles of STUFF very thinly scattered through that huge volume of space called ‘The Universe’.
Assign some numbers and try work out the mass of that very thinly scattered stuff and come up with another value for infinity. Could the difference between that infinity and the mass of all the known starts in the universe be close to, or equal to the theoretical value of Dark Matter?
Which brings me back to light. There is some theory that assigns a mass to a photon a very, very, very, very, very small mass. As there are an infinite number of photons existing as ‘Energy-in-Transit’ from all that we see in the universe how much do they mass?
I need a bigger better more accurate computer as mine keeps giving me new values for infinity!
I also need a more accurate way to work out standard deviations as +/- 5% times infinity is still a deviation of infinity.
Michael Clarke (Logician)
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principiascientificinternational--2020-09-01--NPR Falsely Links Disease to Climate Change

National Public Radio ( NPR ) followed its sister organization Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) this week in pushing false climate claims .
Among the most egregious lies told in NPR ’ s story , “ Everything Is Unprecedented .
Welcome To Your Hotter Earth , ” was linking the seasonal outbreak of mosquito-borne tropical diseases to climate change .
However , as detailed in Chapter Four of Climate Change Reconsidered II : Fossil Fuels , the vast body of scientific literature refutes NPR ’ s claim that climate change is likely to exacerbate the spread of mosquito-borne diseases @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and Wales , to North and South America , to Thailand and beyond refute any link between climate change and the spread of malaria , Dengue fever , West Nile virus , and other vector-borne diseases .
For example , a 2010 study in the peer-reviewed journal Nature reports , “ [ The study ’ s authors ] compared historical and contemporary maps of the range and incidence of malaria and found endemic/stable malaria is likely to have covered 58 % of the world ’ s land surface around 1900 but only 30 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ has become less prevalent and deadly as the climate has warmed .
The authors rebut potential assertions that there would be even further reductions in malaria but for global warming .
The authors write , ‘ widespread claims that rising mean temperatures have already led to increases in worldwide malaria morbidity and mortality are largely at odds with observed decreasing global trends in both its endemicity and geographic extent.
’ Vector-borne disease expert Paul Reiter , a member of the World Health Organization ’ s Expert Advisory Committee on Vector Biology and Control @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of vector-borne diseases .
Reiter concludes any links between such diseases and climate change are not supported by evidence .
For example , in a 2008 article in the Malaria Journal , Reiter writes , NPR and PBS should stick to entertainment topics for which they have better expertise – like Big Bird .
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NPR Falsely Links Disease to Climate Change
Written by H Sterling Burnett
National Public Radio (NPR) followed its sister organization Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) this week in pushing false climate claims.
Among the most egregious lies told in NPR’s story, “Everything Is Unprecedented. Welcome To Your Hotter Earth,” was linking the seasonal outbreak of mosquito-borne tropical diseases to climate change.
However, as detailed in Chapter Four of Climate Change Reconsidered II: Fossil Fuels, the vast body of scientific literature refutes NPR’s claim that climate change is likely to exacerbate the spread of mosquito-borne diseases.
Studies from Africa, to England and Wales, to North and South America, to Thailand and beyond refute any link between climate change and the spread of malaria, Dengue fever, West Nile virus, and other vector-borne diseases.
For example, a 2010 study in the peer-reviewed journal Nature reports, “[The study’s authors] compared historical and contemporary maps of the range and incidence of malaria and found endemic/stable malaria is likely to have covered 58% of the world’s land surface around 1900 but only 30% by 2007.”
Clearly, malaria has become less prevalent and deadly as the climate has warmed.
The authors rebut potential assertions that there would be even further reductions in malaria but for global warming.
The authors write, ‘widespread claims that rising mean temperatures have already led to increases in worldwide malaria morbidity and mortality are largely at odds with observed decreasing global trends in both its endemicity and geographic extent.’
Vector-borne disease expert Paul Reiter, a member of the World Health Organization’s Expert Advisory Committee on Vector Biology and Control, has written extensively on the transmission of vector-borne diseases.
Reiter concludes any links between such diseases and climate change are not supported by evidence.
For example, in a 2008 article in the Malaria Journal, Reiter writes,
“Simplistic reasoning on the future prevalence of malaria is ill-founded; malaria is not limited by climate in most temperate regions, nor in the tropics, and in nearly all cases, ‘new’ malaria at high altitudes is well below the maximum altitudinal limits for transmission.”
Reiter adds,
“…future changes in climate may alter the prevalence and incidence of the disease, but obsessive emphasis on ‘global warming’ as a dominant parameter is indefensible; the principal determinants are linked to ecological and societal change, politics and economics.”
NPR and PBS should stick to entertainment topics for which they have better expertise – like Big Bird.
Image by Mohamed Nuzrath from Pixabay
Read more at Climate Realism
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principiascientificinternational--2020-09-01--New Book Promotes Skeptical Science, Except In Climatology

New Book Promotes Skeptical Science , Except In Climatology Psychologist Stuart Ritchie is the author of a new book , Science Fictions : How Fraud , Bias , Negligence , and Hype Undermine the Search for Truth .
In the words of his publisher , it demonstrates that “ failures in peer review and mistakes in statistics have rendered a shocking number of scientific studies useless.
” Ritchie declares the scientific publication process “ badly broken.
” He argues persuasively that enormous resources are being wasted , and that our heads “ are being filled with ‘ facts ’ that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ drastically misleading.
” These arguments overlap many found in my 2016 report , Peer Review : Why Skepticism is Essential .
But new scandals and controversies have emerged since then , and Ritchie does a great job of explaining why all of this matters .
But there ’ s a catch .
Here we have an author lamenting delusion and self-deception .
Here we have an author championing skepticism and hard-headed empiricism .
Yet he , himself , utterly refuses to confront what all of the above implies about climate science .
If @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , economics , evolutionary biology , organic chemistry , geoscience , and medicine can ’ t be reproduced/replicated when third parties attempt to do so , if many published studies really are useless , on what basis shall we go on imagining that climate research is a separate case ?
How can that field possibly be exempt from problems that are widespread elsewhere ?
Environmental research has , after all , been highly politicized for at least two decades .
Cambridge University Press was urged by scientists to withdraw Bjorn Lomborg ’ s @ @ @ @ @ @ @ essentially burn his book back in 2002 .
A reasonable observer might therefore suspect that climate research is saturated with tribalism and bias , rather than the opposite .
Ergo : many of the studies on which politicians now base their climate decisions must be unreliable .
How ironic that Ritchie is incapable of following his own arguments to their logical conclusion .
Nevertheless , it ’ s difficult not to feel sympathy for this young academic .
His book was no doubt completed late last year .
He had no way of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ about to spread across the globe and that John Ioannidis , one of the people he cites extensively in his book , would respond to the pandemic in unexpected ways .
Two weeks before Science Fictions was released in mid-July , Ritchie published an essay titled There should never be heroes in science .
It begins by telling us about the late Hans Eysenck , once the most-cited psychologist in Britain .
Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , this eminent personality ( who died in 1997 ) , devoted much @ @ @ @ @ @ @ profession honest .
As Ritchie tells it , Eysenck authored “ blistering critiques of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy , noting the unscientific nature of Freudian theories and digging into the evidence base for therapy ’ s effects on mental health.
” Last year , more than a dozen of Eysenck ’ s papers were retracted .
Dozens more are now officially considered questionable .
An investigation by Kings College London concurred with critics who ’ ve long been concerned about the quality of Eysenck ’ s data and “ the implausibility of the results @ @ @ @ @ @ @ “ strong advocate of rigor in science ” was better at identifying the flaws in other people ’ s reasoning , than in producing bulletproof research of his own .
Ritchie then turns his attention to Ioannidis : It ’ s fair to say that Stanford University ’ s John Ioannidis is a hero of mine .
He ’ s the medical researcher who made waves in 2005 with a paper carrying the firecracker title “ Why Most Published Research Findings are False ” , and who has published an eye-watering number of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ economics , psychology , statistics , nutrition research and more .
…Ioannidis ’ s contribution to science has been to make it far more open , honest , and self-reflective about its flaws .
How odd it is , then , to see his failure to follow his own advice .
Yesterday , American deaths from COVID-19 exceeded 187,000 .
Even if that count is wrong by 20 % in either direction , we ’ re definitely talking a different ballpark .
Ritchie tells us Ioannidis has since authored more than one piece @ @ @ @ @ @ @ flaws .
Even the best minds amongst us , therefore , succumb to bias .
Even professional skeptics can exhibit , as Ritchie says , a “ strong aversion to having their cherished theories proved wrong.
” Here ’ s the last paragraph in Ritchie ’ s essay : Above , I should really have said that John Ioannidis was a hero of mine .
Because this whole episode has reminded me that those self-critical , self-correcting principles of science simply don ’ t allow for hero-worship .
Even the strongest critics of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ those who raise the biggest questions about the way we do research need themselves to be questioned .
Healthy science needs a whole community of sceptics , all constantly arguing with one another…Who watches the watchmen in science ?
The answer is , or at least should be : all of us .
[ bold added ; italics in the original ] I invite you to re-read that sentence in bold font .
So says a man whose book dismisses climate skeptics in peremptory fashion .
In fact , Ritchie ends his final @ @ @ @ @ @ @ implies climate policies will automatically create a “ better world ” even if the climate crisis turns out to be overblown .
This is unfortunate .
Ritchie ’ s argument is that improving the way research is conducted makes sense even if we reject his contention that “ something has gone very wrong with science.
” But that famous climate cartoon naively presupposes that good intentions are enough , that climate programs have no negative consequences , that government policies are never counterproductive , ill-conceived , or designed to financially benefit political donors @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the UK as a company incorporated for charitable purposes .
Head Office : 27 Old Gloucester Street , London WC1N 3AX .
Please DONATE TODAY To Help Our Non-Profit Mission To Defend The Scientific Method .

New Book Promotes Skeptical Science, Except In Climatology
Written by Donna Laframboise
Psychologist Stuart Ritchie is the author of a new book, Science Fictions: How Fraud, Bias, Negligence, and Hype Undermine the Search for Truth.
In the words of his publisher, it demonstrates that “failures in peer review and mistakes in statistics have rendered a shocking number of scientific studies useless.”
Ritchie declares the scientific publication process “badly broken.” He argues persuasively that enormous resources are being wasted, and that our heads “are being filled with ‘facts’ that are either incorrect, exaggerated, or drastically misleading.”
These arguments overlap many found in my 2016 report, Peer Review: Why Skepticism is Essential. But new scandals and controversies have emerged since then, and Ritchie does a great job of explaining why all of this matters.
But there’s a catch. Here we have an author lamenting delusion and self-deception. Here we have an author championing skepticism and hard-headed empiricism.
Yet he, himself, utterly refuses to confront what all of the above implies about climate science.
If significant numbers of peer-reviewed papers in psychology, economics, evolutionary biology, organic chemistry, geoscience, and medicine can’t be reproduced/replicated when third parties attempt to do so, if many published studies really are useless, on what basis shall we go on imagining that climate research is a separate case? How can that field possibly be exempt from problems that are widespread elsewhere?
Environmental research has, after all, been highly politicized for at least two decades. Cambridge University Press was urged by scientists to withdraw Bjorn Lomborg’s The Skeptical Environmentalist from publication – to essentially burn his book back in 2002.
A reasonable observer might therefore suspect that climate research is saturated with tribalism and bias, rather than the opposite.
Ergo: many of the studies on which politicians now base their climate decisions must be unreliable. How ironic that Ritchie is incapable of following his own arguments to their logical conclusion.
Nevertheless, it’s difficult not to feel sympathy for this young academic. His book was no doubt completed late last year.
He had no way of anticipating that a deadly new coronavirus was about to spread across the globe and that John Ioannidis, one of the people he cites extensively in his book, would respond to the pandemic in unexpected ways.
Two weeks before Science Fictions was released in mid-July, Ritchie published an essay titled There should never be heroes in science. It begins by telling us about the late Hans Eysenck, once the most-cited psychologist in Britain.
Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, this eminent personality (who died in 1997), devoted much of his energy to keeping his own profession honest.
As Ritchie tells it, Eysenck authored “blistering critiques of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy, noting the unscientific nature of Freudian theories and digging into the evidence base for therapy’s effects on mental health.”
Last year, more than a dozen of Eysenck’s papers were retracted. Dozens more are now officially considered questionable.
An investigation by Kings College London concurred with critics who’ve long been concerned about the quality of Eysenck’s data and “the implausibility of the results presented.”
In other words, this “strong advocate of rigor in science” was better at identifying the flaws in other people’s reasoning, than in producing bulletproof research of his own.
Ritchie then turns his attention to Ioannidis:
It’s fair to say that Stanford University’s John Ioannidis is a hero of mine. He’s the medical researcher who made waves in 2005 with a paper carrying the firecracker title “Why Most Published Research Findings are False”, and who has published an eye-watering number of papers outlining problems in clinical trials, economics, psychology, statistics, nutrition research and more. …Ioannidis’s contribution to science has been to make it far more open, honest, and self-reflective about its flaws. How odd it is, then, to see his failure to follow his own advice.
Yesterday, American deaths from COVID-19 exceeded 187,000. Even if that count is wrong by 20% in either direction, we’re definitely talking a different ballpark.
Ritchie tells us Ioannidis has since authored more than one piece of COVID-related research marred by serious design flaws. Even the best minds amongst us, therefore, succumb to bias.
Even professional skeptics can exhibit, as Ritchie says, a “strong aversion to having their cherished theories proved wrong.”
Here’s the last paragraph in Ritchie’s essay:
Above, I should really have said that John Ioannidis was a hero of mine. Because this whole episode has reminded me that those self-critical, self-correcting principles of science simply don’t allow for hero-worship. Even the strongest critics of science need themselves to be criticised; those who raise the biggest questions about the way we do research need themselves to be questioned. Healthy science needs a whole community of sceptics, all constantly arguing with one another…Who watches the watchmen in science? The answer is, or at least should be: all of us. [bold added; italics in the original]
I invite you to re-read that sentence in bold font. So says a man whose book dismisses climate skeptics in peremptory fashion.
In fact, Ritchie ends his final chapter by referencing a famous cartoon that implies climate policies will automatically create a “better world” even if the climate crisis turns out to be overblown.
This is unfortunate. Ritchie’s argument is that improving the way research is conducted makes sense even if we reject his contention that “something has gone very wrong with science.”
But that famous climate cartoon naively presupposes that good intentions are enough, that climate programs have no negative consequences, that government policies are never counterproductive, ill-conceived, or designed to financially benefit political donors.
I critiqued that climate cartoon last year.
Read more at Big Pic News
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principiascientificinternational--2020-09-01--The Green Road to Blackouts

The Green Road to Blackouts

California leads the way to electricity blackouts , closely followed by South Australia .
They both created this problem by taxing , banning , delaying or demolishing reliable coal , nuclear , gas or hydro generators while subsidising and promoting unreliable electricity from the sickly green twins – solar and wind .
All supposed to solve a global warming crisis that exists only in academic computer models .
Energy policy should be driven by proven reliability , efficiency and cost , not by green politics .
Wind and solar will always be prone to blackouts for three reasons .
Firstly @ @ @ @ @ @ @ when winds drops or sunlight fails .
Secondly , green energy is dilute so the collection area must be huge .
Both solar panels and wind turbines are old technologies and now close to collecting the maximum energy from a given land area of wind and sun , so limited technology gains are possible .
Wind turbines generate nothing from gentle breezes and must shut down in gales .
To collect more energy the green twins must collect from greater areas using a widespread scatter of panels and towers connected by a fragile @ @ @ @ @ @ @ This expensive , extensive but flimsy system is far more susceptible to damage from cyclones , hail , snow , lightning , bushfire , flood and sabotage than a big , well-built , centrally-located , well-maintained traditional power station with strong walls , a roof and lightning protection .
Green energy also requires far more investment in transmission lines and inter-connectors that consumers must pay for , and the energy transmission losses are greater .
Thirdly , green energy is like a virus in a distribution network .
When the sun shines , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ energy prices to plummet .
Coal and gas plants are forced to operate at a cash loss or shut down .
Erratic winds make this problem worse as they are less predictable and changes can be quicker .
But when all green energy fails suddenly , like in an evening peak demand period after a still cold sunset , coal can not ramp up quickly unless it has been kept on standby with boilers hot , waiting for an opportunity to generate some positive cash flow .
Gas and hydro can fire up @ @ @ @ @ @ @ expensive fair-dinkum power station that operates intermittently ?
Currently hydro , or stop-start gas turbines on standby , or coal generators fired up but not generating are keeping Australian lights on during green energy blackouts .
But no one will build new reliable generators to operate part-time .
Soon we will have day-time where there is heaps of electricity producing no profit for any generator , and night-time when electricity prices will soar and blackouts will threaten .
Authorities have their solution – rationing .
They will use a blackout crisis to grab @ @ @ @ @ @ @ whole suburbs , areas or factories or selective consumer blackouts using smart meters .
There are many contestants in the battery growth “ industry ” including pumped hydro , lithium batteries , compressed air , big flywheels , hydrogen storage , capacitors and molten salt .
They all need to be able to cope with a few days without wind-solar , which makes them huge and expensive .
And all are net consumers of energy as they go through the charge/discharge cycle .
Half-tonne Li/Co/Pb batteries are huge consumers of energy – energy @ @ @ @ @ @ @ battery manufacture , transport and construction ; energy to charge them and absorb the inevitable losses in the charge/discharge cycle ; energy to build battery warehouses and finally energy to recycle/bury worn-out batteries ( which wear out far quicker than coal , gas , hydro or nuclear power stations ) .
Few people consider the extra generating capacity needed to maintain charged batteries .
Solar energy at best delivers power for about 8 hours per day when there is no cloud , smoke or dust in the air .
So a solar array @ @ @ @ @ @ @ name-plate capacity just to cover the hours of darkness , every day .
These batteries then need extra generating capacity to charge them during daylight hours .
But a solar system also needs to be able to cope with up to 7 days of cloudy weather .
This needs 7 times more batteries plus the generating capacity to charge them .
The Big Battery in South Australia has a capacity of 150 MW and cost $ 160m .
East Coast demand these days is about 22,500 MW which would require 150 SA batteries @ @ @ @ @ @ @ safety = 165 batteries .
The cost could be 165 X $ 160m = $ 26.4bn .
No matter whether the battery is stored hydrogen or pumped hydro , the cost to stabilise 100 % green energy would be prohibitively expensive .
Before we leap over this green cliff , those who claim otherwise must be obliged to demonstrate a working pilot plant without coal , gas or diesel .
Wind power suffers the same problems but is far less predictable .
Wind droughts are a common feature .
At times wind turbines @ @ @ @ @ @ @ maintain grid stability , the generators must charge batteries which can then supply a steady stream of electricity to the grid .
This requires many more transmission lines and battery connections .
At this point the maths/costs of zero-emissions with 100 % solar/wind become preposterous .
And the ecological disruption becomes enormous .
When Danish windmills stand silent , they import hydro power from Scandinavia .
When German solar panels are covered in snow , they import nuclear electricity from France .
And California can draw power from Canada .
But Australia is @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Tasmanian hydro or New Zealand geo-thermal are the closest reliable-energy neighbours .
The looming Covid Depression has no room for more green energy silliness .
We can not afford to mollycoddle an aging failing technology .
A hard dangerous new world is coming .
To survive we will need cheap reliable energy – coal , gas , nuclear or hydro .
Thanks to Green Energy Mandates , California ’ s Electric Grid Is Near Collapse : https : //heartlanddailynews.com/2020/08/thanks-to-green-energy-mandates-californias-electric-grid-is-near-collapse/ Australians pay $ 1300 per family to prop up green energy : http @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Wind Industry : https : //catallaxyfiles.com/2020/08/30/the-beginning-of-the-end-for-the-wind-industry/ The Green Elephant in the Snowy : https : //carbon-sense.com/2018/09/01/snowy-elephant/ PRINCIPIA SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL , legally registered in the UK as a company incorporated for charitable purposes .
Head Office : 27 Old Gloucester Street , London WC1N 3AX .
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The Green Road to Blackouts
Written by Viv Forbes
California leads the way to electricity blackouts, closely followed by South Australia. They both created this problem by taxing, banning, delaying or demolishing reliable coal, nuclear, gas or hydro generators while subsidising and promoting unreliable electricity from the sickly green twins – solar and wind.
All supposed to solve a global warming crisis that exists only in academic computer models. Energy policy should be driven by proven reliability, efficiency and cost, not by green politics. Wind and solar will always be prone to blackouts for three reasons.
Firstly they are intermittent, producing zero power when winds drops or sunlight fails.
Secondly, green energy is dilute so the collection area must be huge. Both solar panels and wind turbines are old technologies and now close to collecting the maximum energy from a given land area of wind and sun, so limited technology gains are possible.
Wind turbines generate nothing from gentle breezes and must shut down in gales. To collect more energy the green twins must collect from greater areas using a widespread scatter of panels and towers connected by a fragile network of roads and transmission lines.
This expensive, extensive but flimsy system is far more susceptible to damage from cyclones, hail, snow, lightning, bushfire, flood and sabotage than a big, well-built, centrally-located, well-maintained traditional power station with strong walls, a roof and lightning protection. Green energy also requires far more investment in transmission lines and inter-connectors that consumers must pay for, and the energy transmission losses are greater.
Thirdly, green energy is like a virus in a distribution network. When the sun shines, solar energy floods the network, causing energy prices to plummet. Coal and gas plants are forced to operate at a cash loss or shut down. Erratic winds make this problem worse as they are less predictable and changes can be quicker.
But when all green energy fails suddenly, like in an evening peak demand period after a still cold sunset, coal cannot ramp up quickly unless it has been kept on standby with boilers hot, waiting for an opportunity to generate some positive cash flow. Gas and hydro can fire up swiftly but who wants to own/build/maintain an expensive fair-dinkum power station that operates intermittently?
Currently hydro, or stop-start gas turbines on standby, or coal generators fired up but not generating are keeping Australian lights on during green energy blackouts. But no one will build new reliable generators to operate part-time. Soon we will have day-time where there is heaps of electricity producing no profit for any generator, and night-time when electricity prices will soar and blackouts will threaten.
Authorities have their solution – rationing. They will use a blackout crisis to grab the power to dictate rolling blackouts of whole suburbs, areas or factories or selective consumer blackouts using smart meters.
Naturally Green “engineers” also have a solution – “More Big Batteries”.
There are many contestants in the battery growth “industry” including pumped hydro, lithium batteries, compressed air, big flywheels, hydrogen storage, capacitors and molten salt. They all need to be able to cope with a few days without wind-solar, which makes them huge and expensive. And all are net consumers of energy as they go through the charge/discharge cycle.
Half-tonne Li/Co/Pb batteries are huge consumers of energy – energy for exploring/mining/refining metals and for concrete, battery manufacture, transport and construction; energy to charge them and absorb the inevitable losses in the charge/discharge cycle; energy to build battery warehouses and finally energy to recycle/bury worn-out batteries (which wear out far quicker than coal, gas, hydro or nuclear power stations).
Few people consider the extra generating capacity needed to maintain charged batteries. Solar energy at best delivers power for about 8 hours per day when there is no cloud, smoke or dust in the air. So a solar array needs batteries with a capacity of twice name-plate capacity just to cover the hours of darkness, every day. These batteries then need extra generating capacity to charge them during daylight hours.
But a solar system also needs to be able to cope with up to 7 days of cloudy weather. This needs 7 times more batteries plus the generating capacity to charge them.
The Big Battery in South Australia has a capacity of 150 MW and cost $160m. East Coast demand these days is about 22,500 MW which would require 150 SA batteries and adding a 10% factor of safety = 165 batteries. The cost could be 165 X $160m = $26.4bn.
“184 Tesla Giga-factories would be required to produce sufficient lithium-ion batteries
to power the world for one day.” — Australian Government, Office of The Chief Scientist, October 2016
https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2020/05/28/chief-scientist-says-big-batteries-are-not-ready-to-fast-track-energy-transition/
No matter whether the battery is stored hydrogen or pumped hydro, the cost to stabilise 100% green energy would be prohibitively expensive. Before we leap over this green cliff, those who claim otherwise must be obliged to demonstrate a working pilot plant without coal, gas or diesel.
Wind power suffers the same problems but is far less predictable. Wind droughts are a common feature. At times wind turbines drain electricity from the grid.
To maintain grid stability, the generators must charge batteries which can then supply a steady stream of electricity to the grid. This requires many more transmission lines and battery connections.
At this point the maths/costs of zero-emissions with 100% solar/wind become preposterous. And the ecological disruption becomes enormous.
When Danish windmills stand silent, they import hydro power from Scandinavia. When German solar panels are covered in snow, they import nuclear electricity from France. And California can draw power from Canada.
But Australia is an island. When the grid fails, Tasmanian hydro or New Zealand geo-thermal are the closest reliable-energy neighbours.
The looming Covid Depression has no room for more green energy silliness. We cannot afford to mollycoddle an aging failing technology. A hard dangerous new world is coming. To survive we will need cheap reliable energy – coal, gas, nuclear or hydro.
Further Reading:
California Declares Blackout State Of Emergency:
https://mailchi.mp/8987f3603a4d/california-declares-state-of-emergency-as-blackouts-loom-178238?e=e1638e04a2
Thanks to Green Energy Mandates, California’s Electric Grid Is Near Collapse:
https://heartlanddailynews.com/2020/08/thanks-to-green-energy-mandates-californias-electric-grid-is-near-collapse/
https://californiaglobe.com/fr/californias-electric-grid-is-near-collapse/
Blackouts loom in South Australia:
https://stopthesethings.com/2020/06/24/dark-ages-south-australias-solar-power-obsession-threatens-total-system-black/
https://catallaxyfiles.com/2020/08/20/the-false-re-promise-of-good-wind-days/
Australians pay $1300 per family to prop up green energy:
http://joannenova.com.au/2020/08/new-report-australians-pay-1300-hidden-climate-bill-each-year/
Beginning of the End for Wind Industry:
https://catallaxyfiles.com/2020/08/30/the-beginning-of-the-end-for-the-wind-industry/
Blackouts in Germany:
https://carbon-sense.com/2013/03/30/blackout-dangers-in-germany/
Shadows over Greentopia:
https://carbon-sense.com/2017/09/28/shadows-over-greentopia/
The Green Elephant in the Snowy:
https://carbon-sense.com/2018/09/01/snowy-elephant/
Toxic Waste from Green Energy;
https://principia-scientific.com/turns-out-green-energy-is-a-dirty-business/
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principiascientificinternational--2020-09-01--Neither US nor UK Have ANY Excess Deaths from COVID19

Neither US nor UK Have ANY Excess Deaths from COVID19 Last week we revealed that the CDC quietly admitted only 9,200 deaths were directly attributed to the ‘ novel coronavirus ’ COVID19 .
We argue that even that number is WAY TOO HIGH .
This is because there exists no verifiable medical evidence that ANYONE died from the virus at all .
ALL COVID19 deaths are simply ASSUMED to be from the virus .
No autopsies nor any verifiable test on a deceased patient – which would legally stand up in court – has been produced to scientifically verify ANY @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in CV-19 Autopsies Show Blood Clots : A ‘ Bacterial , Not Viral Disease ’ that patients suspected of dying from COVID19 and who had been autopsied by doctors in Italy , Germany and India were deaths due to BACTERIAL causes rather than any virus .
Many such autopsies point to thrombosis as cause of death .
So convinced are many pathologists that autopsies ( which are now very rarely carried out due to the time and expense ) that some are going on record to categorically state there is no proof of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ : ‘ NO ONE Has Died From The Coronavirus !
’ Bulgarian Pathology Association ( BPA ) president Dr. Alexov concurs in his professional findings with a June 27 Off-Guardian article.Torsten Engelbrecht and Konstantin Demeter reported that in every case looked at so far , the evidence shows that “ the existence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA is based on faith , not fact.
” Adding to what autopsies are showing , we consulted with Saeed A Qureshi PhD , an international expert on laboratory testing with 30+ years in the field including working with @ @ @ @ @ @ @ no laboratory has yet scientifically isolated and proven the existence of the ‘ novel coronavirus .
He asserts : Specifically , Dr Qureshi points out that the PCR tests routinely used to detect the virus actually detect proteins , not viruses .
They DO NOT detect any specific virus at all , but merely identify a general sequence of RNA common to all coronaviruses and also found in all humans – whether they are sick or healthy – infected with coronavirus or not !
As such , it is very much conceivable from @ @ @ @ @ @ @ COVID19 pandemic ; the deaths accounted to the pandemic may be as likely a result of the ‘ lockdown ’ measures themselves , double counting by unethical bureaucrats and self-serving fear-mongering misrepresentation by politicians .
Independent analyst Andrew Mather has crunched the numbers and reports : “ Both the US and UK have zero excess deaths from covid .
They show massive excess deaths but that ’ s by double counting .
There are no matching medical deaths for those covid deaths .
They ’ re already ‘ in ’ , with none @ @ @ @ @ @ @ covid does exactly what they ’ ve been telling you : attacks old and sick people accelerating their deaths by a month or a few months .
Essentially , nobody ‘ new ’ dies… not enough to make this year any different from any other year .
People die .
But there ’ s no ‘ massive contagion ’ creating excess deaths.
” Maher is working with other concerned UK citizens to bring a class action lawsuit against the UK government for intentionally misleading the public , abuse of office and other related @ @ @ @ @ @ @ been preparing documents which will be publicly available for anyone to read to see the details of his legal challenge against the UK government .
He reports : “ This document introduces Constant Factor Growth curves aka Normal and Exponential , and concludes with the fraudulent nature of the UK charts and claims regarding lockdown .
It ’ s by no means the ‘ simple ’ summary I ’ m getting asked for , but it should stand up in court , which is my priority right now.
” The source of his @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the UK government itself : official ONS data .
He explains : “ Of course the real purpose of this chart and data [ graph , above ] is to show that the UK is double-counting deaths .
Look at the J00-J99 pale blue line .
There should be 42 of those for every 100 covid deaths… nothing like .
That ’ s what 42 % comorbidity for J00-J99 Respiratory diseases means .
They ’ ve counted the medical deaths then added the covid deaths… which are already in .
The USA has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Read more by Andrew Mather on Facebook at www.facebook.com/andrew.mather.739 About the author : John O ’ Sullivan John is CEO and co-founder ( with Dr Tim Ball ) of Principia Scientific International ( PSI ) .
John is a seasoned science writer and legal analyst who assisted Dr Ball in defeating world leading climate expert , Michael ‘ hockey stick ’ Mann in the ‘ science trial of the century ‘ .
O ’ Sullivan is credited as the visionary who formed the original ‘ Slayers ’ group of scientists in 2010 who @ @ @ @ @ @ @ s first full-volume debunk of the greenhouse gas theory plus their new follow-up book .
PRINCIPIA SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL , legally registered in the UK as a company incorporated for charitable purposes .
Head Office : 27 Old Gloucester Street , London WC1N 3AX .
Please DONATE TODAY To Help Our Non-Profit Mission To Defend The Scientific Method .

Neither US nor UK Have ANY Excess Deaths from COVID19
Written by John O'Sullivan
Last week we revealed that the CDC quietly admitted only 9,200 deaths were directly attributed to the ‘novel coronavirus’ COVID19. We argue that even that number is WAY TOO HIGH. This is because there exists no verifiable medical evidence that ANYONE died from the virus at all.
ALL COVID19 deaths are simply ASSUMED to be from the virus. No autopsies nor any verifiable test on a deceased patient – which would legally stand up in court – has been produced to scientifically verify ANY death from COVID19.
We previously reported in CV-19 Autopsies Show Blood Clots: A ‘Bacterial, Not Viral Disease’ that patients suspected of dying from COVID19 and who had been autopsied by doctors in Italy, Germany and India were deaths due to BACTERIAL causes rather than any virus. Many such autopsies point to thrombosis as cause of death.
So convinced are many pathologists that autopsies (which are now very rarely carried out due to the time and expense) that some are going on record to categorically state there is no proof of any death from COVID19.
Bulgarian Pathology Association (BPA) president Dr. Alexov concurs in his professional findings with a June 27 Off-Guardian article.Torsten Engelbrecht and Konstantin Demeter reported that in every case looked at so far, the evidence shows that “the existence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA is based on faith, not fact.”
Adding to what autopsies are showing, we consulted with Saeed A Qureshi PhD, an international expert on laboratory testing with 30+ years in the field including working with Health Canada. Dr Qureshi told us no laboratory has yet scientifically isolated and proven the existence of the ‘novel coronavirus. He asserts:
“There is no ‘gold standard’ test for COVID19 and a vaccine would not be possible for a virus not yet quantifiable.”
Specifically, Dr Qureshi points out that the PCR tests routinely used to detect the virus actually detect proteins, not viruses. They DO NOT detect any specific virus at all, but merely identify a general sequence of RNA common to all coronaviruses and also found in all humans – whether they are sick or healthy – infected with coronavirus or not!
As such, it is very much conceivable from the science that there is no actual COVID19 pandemic; the deaths accounted to the pandemic may be as likely a result of the ‘lockdown’ measures themselves, double counting by unethical bureaucrats and self-serving fear-mongering misrepresentation by politicians.
Independent analyst Andrew Mather has crunched the numbers and reports:
“Both the US and UK have zero excess deaths from covid. They show massive excess deaths but that’s by double counting. There are no matching medical deaths for those covid deaths. They’re already ‘in’, with none spare for the excess deaths. Basically covid does exactly what they’ve been telling you: attacks old and sick people accelerating their deaths by a month or a few months. Essentially, nobody ‘new’ dies… not enough to make this year any different from any other year. People die. But there’s no ‘massive contagion’ creating excess deaths.”
See graph below:
Maher is working with other concerned UK citizens to bring a class action lawsuit against the UK government for intentionally misleading the public, abuse of office and other related offenses.
He and his associates have been preparing documents which will be publicly available for anyone to read to see the details of his legal challenge against the UK government. He reports: “This document introduces Constant Factor Growth curves aka Normal and Exponential, and concludes with the fraudulent nature of the UK charts and claims regarding lockdown. It’s by no means the ‘simple’ summary I’m getting asked for, but it should stand up in court, which is my priority right now.”
The source of his numbers in the graph shown above is the UK government itself: official ONS data. He explains:
“Of course the real purpose of this chart and data [graph, above] is to show that the UK is double-counting deaths. Look at the J00-J99 pale blue line. There should be 42 of those for every 100 covid deaths… nothing like. That’s what 42% comorbidity for J00-J99 Respiratory diseases means. They’ve counted the medical deaths then added the covid deaths… which are already in. The USA has done the same. Funny that.”
Read more by Andrew Mather on Facebook at www.facebook.com/andrew.mather.739
About the author: John O’Sullivan John is CEO and co-founder (with Dr Tim Ball) of Principia Scientific International (PSI). John is a seasoned science writer and legal analyst who assisted Dr Ball in defeating world leading climate expert, Michael ‘hockey stick’ Mann in the ‘science trial of the century‘. O’Sullivan is credited as the visionary who formed the original ‘Slayers’ group of scientists in 2010 who then collaborated in creating the world’s first full-volume debunk of the greenhouse gas theory plus their new follow-up book.
PRINCIPIA SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL, legally registered in the UK as a company incorporated for charitable purposes. Head Office: 27 Old Gloucester Street, London WC1N 3AX.
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principiascientificinternational--2020-09-01--Official: Almost All Temperature-Related Deaths Due to COLD Weather

Official : Almost All Temperature-Related Deaths Due to COLD Weather With the number of extreme weather days rising around the globe in recent years due to global warming , it is no surprise that there has been an upward trend in hospital visits and admissions for injuries caused by high heat over the last several years .
But cold temperatures are responsible for almost all temperature-related deaths , according to a new study published in the journal Environmental Research .
According to the new study by researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago , patients who died because of cold @ @ @ @ @ @ @ temperature-related deaths , even though hypothermia was responsible for only 27 % of temperature-related hospital visits .
“ With the decrease in the number of cold weather days over the last several decades , we still see more deaths due to cold weather as opposed to hot weather , ” said Lee Friedman , associate professor of environmental and occupational health sciences in the UIC School of Public Health and corresponding author on the paper .
“ This is in part due to the body ’ s poorer ability to thermoregulate once hypothermia @ @ @ @ @ @ @ there are fewer cold weather days overall , people don ’ t have time to acclimate to cold when those rarer cold days do occur.
” Hypothermia , or a drop in the body ’ s core temperature , doesn ’ t require sub-arctic temps .
Even mildly cool temperatures can initiate hypothermia , defined as a drop in body temperature from the normal 98.7 degrees to 95 degrees Fahrenheit .
When this occurs , organs and systems begin to shut down in an effort to preserve the brain .
The process , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to get under control ; however , people who are more regularly exposed to lower temperatures are better able to resist hypothermia .
“ People who were experiencing homelessness in the records we looked at were less likely to die from temperature-related injury , ” Friedman said .
“ Because they have greater outdoor exposure , they acclimate better to both heat and cold.
” Heat-related issues are more likely to self-resolve by getting to a cooler place or by hydrating , Friedman said .
The researchers looked at inpatient and outpatient heat- @ @ @ @ @ @ @ visit in Illinois between 2011 and 2018 .
They identified 23,834 cold-related cases and 24,233 heat-related cases .
Among these patients , there were 1,935 cold-related deaths and 70 heat-related deaths .
[ That ’ s nearly 28 times more cold deaths versus heat ] Friedman said government data systems that track temperature-related deaths significantly undercount these deaths .
“ We found five to 10 times more temperature-related deaths by linking the hospital data to data from the National Weather Service and medical examiner ’ s data , ” he said .
“ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ from temperature-related injuries than is generally reported.
” PRINCIPIA SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL , legally registered in the UK as a company incorporated for charitable purposes .
Head Office : 27 Old Gloucester Street , London WC1N 3AX .
Please DONATE TODAY To Help Our Non-Profit Mission To Defend The Scientific Method .

Official: Almost All Temperature-Related Deaths Due to COLD Weather
Written by Jacqueline Carey
With the number of extreme weather days rising around the globe in recent years due to global warming, it is no surprise that there has been an upward trend in hospital visits and admissions for injuries caused by high heat over the last several years.
But cold temperatures are responsible for almost all temperature-related deaths, according to a new study published in the journal Environmental Research.
According to the new study by researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago, patients who died because of cold temperatures were responsible for 94% of temperature-related deaths, even though hypothermia was responsible for only 27% of temperature-related hospital visits.
“With the decrease in the number of cold weather days over the last several decades, we still see more deaths due to cold weather as opposed to hot weather,” said Lee Friedman, associate professor of environmental and occupational health sciences in the UIC School of Public Health and corresponding author on the paper.
“This is in part due to the body’s poorer ability to thermoregulate once hypothermia sets in, as well as since there are fewer cold weather days overall, people don’t have time to acclimate to cold when those rarer cold days do occur.”
Hypothermia, or a drop in the body’s core temperature, doesn’t require sub-arctic temps. Even mildly cool temperatures can initiate hypothermia, defined as a drop in body temperature from the normal 98.7 degrees to 95 degrees Fahrenheit.
When this occurs, organs and systems begin to shut down in an effort to preserve the brain. The process, once started, can be very difficult to get under control; however, people who are more regularly exposed to lower temperatures are better able to resist hypothermia.
“People who were experiencing homelessness in the records we looked at were less likely to die from temperature-related injury,” Friedman said. “Because they have greater outdoor exposure, they acclimate better to both heat and cold.”
Heat-related issues are more likely to self-resolve by getting to a cooler place or by hydrating, Friedman said.
The researchers looked at inpatient and outpatient heat- and cold-related injuries that required a hospital visit in Illinois between 2011 and 2018.
They identified 23,834 cold-related cases and 24,233 heat-related cases. Among these patients, there were 1,935 cold-related deaths and 70 heat-related deaths. [That’s nearly 28 times more cold deaths versus heat]
Friedman said government data systems that track temperature-related deaths significantly undercount these deaths.
“We found five to 10 times more temperature-related deaths by linking the hospital data to data from the National Weather Service and medical examiner’s data,” he said. “There are a lot more people dying from temperature-related injuries than is generally reported.”
Read rest at UIC Today
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principiascientificinternational--2020-09-01--Advice for UK Citizens Unable/Unwilling to Wear a Face Mask

It isn ’ t widely known ( probably because neither the government nor the main stream media have mentioned it ) but it is now possible to obtain an official mask exemption certificate ( photo , above ) from the British Government website .
Simply put ` British government mask exemption ’ into your least un-favourite search engine .
You should then come to a page headed ` Disabled people exempt from wearing face coverings under new government guidance ’ .
Scroll down a bit and you will see a note saying : ` exemption cards are available to download @ @ @ @ @ @ @ will take you to a page where you can find an exemption certificate to print out .
The government ’ s list of exemptions include : ` when putting on , wearing or removing a face covering will cause you severe distress ’ .
You are also exempt if you can not put on , wear or remove a face covering because of a physical or mental illness , or impairment or disability .
If you want a special lanyard for your certificate you can get one from Lloyds Bank , Asda , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Then fasten your certificate to your lanyard !
The certificate is handy for those who aren ’ t able to wear a mask for whatever reason ( a lot of people suffer from asthma , for example , and are unable to put something on their face which makes breathing more difficult ) .
Some people feel nervous and distressed while out shopping because of Commander Dick ’ s army of shaming police .
Others are simply fed up with explaining why they aren ’ t wearing a mask to moronic fellow @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , you could make your own certificate stating simply : ` I have a brain so I don ’ t need a mask ’ .
Addendum : for our friends in Ireland the government there kindly provides a similar exemption certificate that you may print out and use : About the author : Dr Coleman is a general practitioner principal and a former Professor of Holistic Medical Sciences at the International Open University in Sri Lanka .
He has an honorary DSc .
He has given evidence to the House of Commons and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ www.vernoncoleman.com PRINCIPIA SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL , legally registered in the UK as a company incorporated for charitable purposes .
Head Office : 27 Old Gloucester Street , London WC1N 3AX .
Please DONATE TODAY To Help Our Non-Profit Mission To Defend The Scientific Method .

Advice for UK Citizens Unable/Unwilling to Wear a Face Mask
Written by Dr Vernon Coleman MB ChB DSc FRSA
It isn’t widely known (probably because neither the government nor the main stream media have mentioned it) but it is now possible to obtain an official mask exemption certificate (photo, above) from the British Government website.
Simply put `British government mask exemption’ into your least un-favourite search engine.
You should then come to a page headed `Disabled people exempt from wearing face coverings under new government guidance’.
Scroll down a bit and you will see a note saying: `exemption cards are available to download on gov.uk.
Press this and it will take you to a page where you can find an exemption certificate to print out.
The government’s list of exemptions include: `when putting on, wearing or removing a face covering will cause you severe distress’.
You are also exempt if you cannot put on, wear or remove a face covering because of a physical or mental illness, or impairment or disability.
If you want a special lanyard for your certificate you can get one from Lloyds Bank, Asda, Sainsburys,Tesco or M&S.
Then fasten your certificate to your lanyard!
The certificate is handy for those who aren’t able to wear a mask for whatever reason (a lot of people suffer from asthma, for example, and are unable to put something on their face which makes breathing more difficult).
Some people feel nervous and distressed while out shopping because of Commander Dick’s army of shaming police.
Others are simply fed up with explaining why they aren’t wearing a mask to moronic fellow shoppers or ill-informed shop assistants.
Alternatively, you could make your own certificate stating simply: `I have a brain so I don’t need a mask’.
Addendum: for our friends in Ireland the government there kindly provides a similar exemption certificates that you may print out and use:
Read more at www.vernoncoleman.com
About the author: Dr Coleman is a general practitioner principal and a former Professor of Holistic Medical Sciences at the International Open University in Sri Lanka. He has an honorary DSc. He has given evidence to the House of Commons and the House of Lords. More at www.vernoncoleman.com
PRINCIPIA SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL, legally registered in the UK as a company incorporated for charitable purposes. Head Office: 27 Old Gloucester Street, London WC1N 3AX.
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principiascientificinternational--2020-09-02--COVID-19: Efficient Protection is Simpler than Imagined

( OMNS September 2 , 2020 ) The Oxford Vaccine for COVID-19 [ 1,2 ] asks the question “ How does this prospective treatment provide efficient protection right now for front line health workers , many of whom are dying despite the stringent protective measures ?
” Answer : It doesn ’ t .
We need something immediately to stop deaths .
A simple Ghanaian initiative that is cheap , safe , efficient is in danger of being sidelined by certain “ dimensions.
” [ 3 ] Responding to Rionach McCarron and Sandor Bako who “ …hope that the safety @ @ @ @ @ @ @ shown as the trials progress.
” [ 4 ] Dr Joginder Anand , Former Consultant in Public Health England asked “ Effective for how long ?
Two months ?
Six months ?
” He then adds , “ I plead with those producing and those promoting the vaccine to appreciate that the public is composed of humans ; they are not cows.
” [ 5 ] Dr. John Stone , with more experience about vaccine effects than most doctors , said “ We still do not know enough about the safety of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ] Sarah Caddy : “ The road to successful vaccine licensure is treacherous …and any safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19 still stands at over a year.
” [ 7 ] How soon will licensing arrive to allow use of the vaccine to save front line health workers ?
Alan Cunningham : Experts not so sure about a vaccine .
[ 8 ] We Africans have never forgotten what Diddier Fassin and Helen Schneider revealed : that Parliamentarians in South Africa rejoiced when Africans died from AIDS .
[ 10,11 ] .
Indeed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ is what we Africans require with requests for mass vaccinations .
[ 12 ] .
Dr. Kamran Abbasi in his excellent editorial stated : “ Health is a political choice , and politics is a continuous struggle for power among competing interests.
” [ 13 ] Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the field of African health where non-Africans in developed countries have a big say in advising us Africans .
A few foreign experts with powerful commercial links like Big Pharma can direct our health services .
Kamran Abbasi cautioned even @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Science and Politics ” .
President Trump named the drug to use for COVID-19 .
And he withdraws from the WHO .
[ 14,15 ] A famous phrase advises “ Follow the Science ” , but one scientific study says hydroxychloroquine ( HQC ) is fantastic for treating COVID-19 [ 16 ] , while another says hydroxychloroquine is no good [ 17,18 ] .
WHO says “ Good ” then “ Bad ” [ 19,20 ] France says “ Non !
” Science can be ignored or dismissed with a phrase like “ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ evidence is overwhelming .
[ 21 ] Why ignore vitamin C as a destroyer of coronavirus and other viruses when evidence is overwhelming ?
[ 22-30 ] .
Liposomal vitamin C also delivers big doses and is effective .
The only caution required is exclusion of those with G6PD Deficiency [ 31 ] .
Americans are flocking to purchase Vitamin C. Where Does Hydrogen Peroxide come in ?
Dilute hydrogen peroxide can help to destroy invading viruses , bacteria and fungi .
[ 3 ] We have suggested deployment of hydrogen peroxide as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ virus .
[ 3 ] None of our clinical research team members and their relatives , protecting themselves only with face masks while caring for COVID-19 patients , who used hydrogen peroxide , have had symptoms suggestive of the disease .
At the Shai Osudoku District Hospital in Dodowa , seven members of staff with minimal protective clothing who cared for a COVID-19 patient and who used hydrogen peroxide mouthwash , did not contract the disease .
Previously , 27 other staff at that hospital had become infected caring for COVID-19 patients .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ Vitamin C is published and known to the WHO , NIH , and CDC [ 32-34 ] .
To augment the effect of vitamin C , We use nasal drops containing 0.5 % hydrogen peroxide and reduce the risk of infecting healthcare workers .
A Challenge to Care Homes for the Elderly ( i ) Select some Care Homes with between 100 and 200 Residents , plus about 20 to 30 Staff including Cleaners and Cooks .
( ii ) Examine the March , April , May , June , 2020 records for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ numbers .
( iii ) Begin the oro-pharyngeal Hydrogen Peroxide Exercise 3 times a day for everybody in September , October , November , and December .
( iv ) For those too ill , as for example , those with strokes where gargling would be dangerous because of potential choking , use an absorbable foam attached to a stick to do oral cleansing gently after dipping the foam in glass of 1.5 % hydrogen peroxide , 3 or more times a day .
( v ) Daily visitors may also use the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ dilute hydrogen peroxide .
( vi ) Compare the 4-month March to June COVID-19 Morbidity & Mortality figures with those of 4-month September , October , November to December this year .
( vii ) Weekly testing for viable virus in culture , not just viral RNA on swabs , relative to infectivity , plus usual laboratory profiles .
( viii ) Send findings in a communication to the Editor of British Medical Journal in January , 2021 .
For those who have been in contact with COVID-19 afflicted relatives or classmates , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
However , gargling may not be easy for children .
Use the oro-pharyngeal toileting exercise with a foam or sponge dipped in hydrogen peroxide .
For very young children , use dilute honey , one teaspoonful in a glass of water .
Bees secrete the enzyme glucose oxidase into honey .
When honey is diluted , this enzyme reacts with water and oxygen , releasing hydrogen peroxide .
Although the level of hydrogen peroxide produced by diluting honey in this manner is about 1000 times less than that in the 3 % @ @ @ @ @ @ @ can not be dismissed for lack of potency .
[ 35 ] Ghanaians too poor to afford the 1.5 % hydrogen peroxide available in many pharmacies may be encouraged to use Neem twigs as a chewing-stick because it is a more powerful antimalarial agent [ 36-38 ] than chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine [ HQC ] which some have found effective against COVID-19 .
The Neem plant ( Azadirachta indica ) has been named first among “ Ten Indigenous plants which have been saving Ghanaian lives ” for centuries .
[ 39,40 ] Would scoffers not exclaim @ @ @ @ @ @ @ produce vaccines for COVID-19 , all you from the Dark Continent can offer are Chewing Sticks and Dilute Honey ” ?
“ Solution ” has two different meanings that our recommendation satisfies : ( a ) Solving a Problem and ( b ) A Liquid : 1.5 % hydrogen peroxide .
“ EX AFRICA SEMPER QUIDQUID NOVI ” ( “ Count on Africa for always producing something new ” ) is what Pliny the Elder would have proclaimed 2000 years ago .
About the author : Felix I D Konotey-Ahulu FGA MD ( @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( Glasg ) DTMH ( L ’ pool ) , Distinguished Professor of Human Genetics University of Cape Coast , Ghana ; Former Consultant Physician , Genetic Counselor , in Sickle Cell and Other Haemoglobinopathies , Korle Bu Teaching Hospital ; Director Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics , Korle Bu , Accra .
Email felix @ konotey-ahulu.com website : www.sicklecell.md 2 .
Zhu FC .
( 2020 ) Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older : a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 396:479-488. https : //doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736 ( 20 ) 31605-6 3 .
Ayettey AS .
( 2020 ) A Case for Hydrogen Peroxide Mouthwash and Gargle to Limit SARS-Co-2 Infection .
BMJ 368 , https : //www.bmj.com/content/ 368/bmj.m1252/rr-27 5 .
Anand JK .
( 2020 ) Re : UK agrees “ early access ” deal with companies to get 90 million vaccine doses .
BMJ 370 , https : //www.bmj.com/content/ 370/bmj.m2914/rr-0 6 .
Stone J .
( 2020 ) Re : UK agrees “ early access ” deal with companies to get 90 million @ @ @ @ @ @ @ : //www.bmj.com/content/ 370/bmj.m2914/rr-1 8 .
Cunningham A .
( 2020 ) Even covid-19 can ’ t kill the anti-vaccination movement .
Re : Katrina Meggett – Even COVID-19 can ’ t kill the anti-vaccination movement .
BMJ 369 : https : //www.bmj.com/content/ 369/bmj.m2184/rr-4 9 .
Gellin B .
( 2020 ) Why vaccine rumours stick – and getting them unstuck .
Lancet 396:303-304. https : //www.thelancet.com/ journals/lancet/article/ PIIS0140-6736 ( 20 ) 31640-8/ fulltext 10 .
Fassin D , Schneider H. ( 2003 ) The politics of AIDS in South Africa : beyond the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
gov/12609950 11 .
Konotey-Ahulu FID .
( 2003 ) Wake up call and need for paradigm shift .
BMJ , Rapid Response to Fassin & Schneider ( 2003 ) .
https : //www.rethinking.org/ bmj/response_30917.html 12 .
Konotey-Ahulu FID .
( 2015 ) Ebola and Ethics : Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences and Ghana Government Suspend Ebola Virus Vaccine Trials .
BMJ 350 , Rapid Response http : //www.bmj.com/content/ 350/bmj.h2105/rr-7 13 .
Abbasi K. ( 2020 ) Health is a political choice , and politics is a continuous struggle for power .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ //www.bmj.com/content/ 369/bmj.m2102/rr-0 14 .
BBC News .
( 2020 ) Trump says he is taking unproven drug hydroxychloroquine .
19 May 2020 https : //www.bbc.com/news/ world-us-canada-52717161 15 .
BBC News .
( 2020 ) Coronavirus : Trump moves to pull US out of World Health Organization .
July 7 2020. https : //www.bbc.com/news/ world-us-canada-53327906 16 .
Vincent MJ , Bergorou E , Benjanett S , et al .
( 2005 ) Chloroquine is a Potent inhibitor of SARS Corona virus infection and spread .
Virology J 2:69. https : //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih .
gov/16115318 18 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( 2020 ) Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in covid-19 : Use of these drugs is premature and potentially harmful .
BMJ 2020 ; 369 : m1432 https : //www.bmj.com/content/ 369/bmj.m1432 19. WHO ( 17 June 2020 ) Announces that the Hydroxychloroquine ( HCQ ) trial for COVID-19 was being stopped .
https : //www.who.int/news-room/ q-a-detail/q-a- hydroxychloroquine-and-covid- 19 21 .
Konotey-Ahulu FID .
( 2019 ) EVIDENCE – Do not forget the hidden human dimension .
“ Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence ” .
https : //www.bmj.com/content/ 366/bmj.l4606/rr-11 22 .
Cheng RZ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , Not A Vaccine is the way to stop the COVID-19 Pandemic OMNS .
http : //orthomolecular.org/ resources/omns/v16n27.shtml 23 .
Cheng RZ “ The 3rd Large Dose Vitamin C Clinical Study for NCP Approval ” on YouTube https : //youtu.be/VMDX0RSDp1k 24 .
Levy TE .
( 2011 ) Curing the incurable – Vitamin C , Infectious Disease , and Toxins .
LivOn Books ( Third Edition ) .
ISBN-13 : 978-0977952021 http : //www.LivOnBooks.com 25 .
Pauling L. ( 1976 ) Vitamin C , the Common Cold , and the Flu .
W.H @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 26 .
Pauling L. ( 1971 ) The Significance of the Evidence about Ascorbic Acid and the Common Cold .
Proc Nat Acad Sci USA .
68 , 2678-2681. https : //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih .
gov/4941984 28 .
Cheng RZ .
( 2020 ) Covid-19 , Vitamin C , Vaccine and Integrative medicine : An exclusive interview with Dr Richard Cheng ( English Verson ) on YouTube .
https : //youtu.be/iC2WK9y-rRs 30 .
Cheng RZ .
( 2020 ) Risk Roundup : Can Vitamin C Prevent and Treat COVID-19 ?
YouTube https : //youtu.be/bnj5y6zxXYY 31 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ COVID-19 Treatment with CHLOROQUINE or Intravenous VITAMIN C Requires Prior Exclusion of G6PD Deficiency !
BMJ Rapid Response 8. https : //www.bmj.com/content/ 369/bmj.m1432/rr-21 32. WHO .
( 2020 ) A COORDINATED GLOBAL RESEARCH ROADMAP : 2019 NOVEL CORONAVIRUS .
Vitamin C included in WHO Road Map pages 36 & 37. https : //www.who.int/blueprint/ priority-diseases/key-action/ Coronavirus_Roadmap_V9.pdf ?
ua= 1 33 .
Cheng RZ .
( 2020 ) Vitamin C in the treatment and prevention of Covid-19 .
NIH Presentation , April 8 2020. https : //www.drwlc.com/Covid- 19_talks.shtml 34 .
Cheng RZ .
( 2020 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Journal of Clinical Immunology & Immunotherapy .
May 27 , 2020. https : //www.heraldopenaccess .
us/openaccess/protected- population-immunity-not-a- vaccine-is-the-way-to-stop- covid-19-pandemic 35 .
Thompson J .
( 2017 ) MIRACLES FROM THE VAULT Anthology of Underground Cures .
Chapter Four , Scientists discover 3,000-year-old wound healing marvel : Honey pages 391 .
HIS , Frederick MD 21705 , USA .
ASIN : B00IURKSOS .
36 .
Kofi-Tsepo WM , Rukunga GM , Aluoch JA , et al .
( 1991 ) A preliminary investigation of a traditional medicine ( KRM 913 ) as a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Kinoti SN , Omuse JK , Kofi-Tsepo WM , eds Recent Advances in Medical Research with a Symposium on Environmental and occupational health , NAIROBI , KEMRI 1991 : 25-28 .
37 .
Konotey-Ahulu FID .
( 1997 ) Fever in Africa and WHO recommendation .
Lancet 350:1549. https : //www.thelancet.com/ pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140- 6736 ( 05 ) 63980-3.pdf 39 .
GhanaWeb .
( 2020 ) 10 Indigenous plants that have saved Ghanaian lives for centuries .
Ghana News , 2020 July 30. https : //www.ghanaweb.com/ GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/10- indigenous-plants-that-have- saved-Ghanaian-lives-for- centuries-1021723 40 .
Boadu Augustine A @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Medicines Used for the Treatment of Human Diseases by Some Communities in Southern Ghana .
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine , Hidawi , 2017:3043061. https : //doi.org/10.1155/2017/ 3043061 PRINCIPIA SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL , legally registered in the UK as a company incorporated for charitable purposes .
Head Office : 27 Old Gloucester Street , London WC1N 3AX .
Please DONATE TODAY To Help Our Non-Profit Mission To Defend The Scientific Method .

COVID-19: Efficient Protection is Simpler than Imagined
Written by Professor Felix I. D. Konotey-Ahulu, et al
(OMNS September 2, 2020) The Oxford Vaccine for COVID-19 [1,2] asks the question “How does this prospective treatment provide efficient protection right now for front line health workers, many of whom are dying despite the stringent protective measures?”
Answer: It doesn’t. We need something immediately to stop deaths. A simple Ghanaian initiative that is cheap, safe, efficient is in danger of being sidelined by certain “dimensions.” [3]
Vaccine Dimension
Responding to Rionach McCarron and Sandor Bako who “…hope that the safety and efficacy of the vaccine can be shown as the trials progress.” [4] Dr Joginder Anand, Former Consultant in Public Health England asked “Effective for how long? Two months? Six months?” He then adds, “I plead with those producing and those promoting the vaccine to appreciate that the public is composed of humans; they are not cows.” [5]
Dr. John Stone, with more experience about vaccine effects than most doctors, said “We still do not know enough about the safety of the many prospective vaccine products.” [6]
Sarah Caddy: “The road to successful vaccine licensure is treacherous …and any safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19 still stands at over a year.” [7] How soon will licensing arrive to allow use of the vaccine to save front line health workers?
Alan Cunningham: Experts not so sure about a vaccine. [8]
Dr Bruce Gellin: “The foundation that underpins vaccination acceptance is trust.” [9].
We Africans have never forgotten what Diddier Fassin and Helen Schneider revealed: that Parliamentarians in South Africa rejoiced when Africans died from AIDS. [10,11]. Indeed, trust, more than science, is what we Africans require with requests for mass vaccinations. [12].
Political Dimension
Dr. Kamran Abbasi in his excellent editorial stated: “Health is a political choice, and politics is a continuous struggle for power among competing interests.” [13] Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the field of African health where non-Africans in developed countries have a big say in advising us Africans. A few foreign experts with powerful commercial links like Big Pharma can direct our health services. Kamran Abbasi cautioned even the British Prime Minster to “separate Science and Politics”. President Trump named the drug to use for COVID-19. And he withdraws from the WHO. [14,15]
Scientific Dimension
A famous phrase advises “Follow the Science”, but one scientific study says hydroxychloroquine (HQC) is fantastic for treating COVID-19 [16], while another says hydroxychloroquine is no good [17,18]. WHO says “Good” then “Bad” [19,20] France says “Non!”
Science can be ignored or dismissed with a phrase like “there is no evidence” even when evidence is overwhelming. [21] Why ignore vitamin C as a destroyer of coronavirus and other viruses when evidence is overwhelming? [22-30]. Liposomal vitamin C also delivers big doses and is effective. The only caution required is exclusion of those with G6PD Deficiency [31]. Americans are flocking to purchase Vitamin C.
Where Does Hydrogen Peroxide come in?
Dilute hydrogen peroxide can help to destroy invading viruses, bacteria and fungi. [3] We have suggested deployment of hydrogen peroxide as an oral cleansing agent to destroy the virus. [3] None of our clinical research team members and their relatives, protecting themselves only with face masks while caring for COVID-19 patients, who used hydrogen peroxide, have had symptoms suggestive of the disease. At the Shai Osudoku District Hospital in Dodowa, seven members of staff with minimal protective clothing who cared for a COVID-19 patient and who used hydrogen peroxide mouthwash, did not contract the disease. Previously, 27 other staff at that hospital had become infected caring for COVID-19 patients. Dr Richard Cheng’s success with Vitamin C is published and known to the WHO, NIH, and CDC [32-34]. To augment the effect of vitamin C, We use nasal drops containing 0.5% hydrogen peroxide and reduce the risk of infecting healthcare workers.
A Challenge to Care Homes for the Elderly
(i) Select some Care Homes with between 100 and 200 Residents, plus about 20 to 30 Staff including Cleaners and Cooks.
(ii) Examine the March, April, May, June, 2020 records for COVID-19 Living and Dead and note the numbers.
(iii) Begin the oro-pharyngeal Hydrogen Peroxide Exercise 3 times a day for everybody in September, October, November, and December.
(iv) For those too ill, as for example, those with strokes where gargling would be dangerous because of potential choking, use an absorbable foam attached to a stick to do oral cleansing gently after dipping the foam in glass of 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, 3 or more times a day.
(v) Daily visitors may also use the nasal drops, mouthwash and gargling with dilute hydrogen peroxide.
(vi) Compare the 4-month March to June COVID-19 Morbidity & Mortality figures with those of 4-month September, October, November to December this year.
(vii) Weekly testing for viable virus in culture, not just viral RNA on swabs, relative to infectivity, plus usual laboratory profiles.
(viii) Send findings in a communication to the Editor of British Medical Journal in January, 2021.
Other treatments
For those who have been in contact with COVID-19 afflicted relatives or classmates, gargling with dilute hydrogen peroxide is recommended. However, gargling may not be easy for children. Use the oro-pharyngeal toileting exercise with a foam or sponge dipped in hydrogen peroxide. For very young children, use dilute honey, one teaspoonful in a glass of water. Bees secrete the enzyme glucose oxidase into honey. When honey is diluted, this enzyme reacts with water and oxygen, releasing hydrogen peroxide. Although the level of hydrogen peroxide produced by diluting honey in this manner is about 1000 times less than that in the 3% solution found in drug stores, it cannot be dismissed for lack of potency. [35]
Ghanaians too poor to afford the 1.5% hydrogen peroxide available in many pharmacies may be encouraged to use Neem twigs as a chewing-stick because it is a more powerful antimalarial agent [36-38] than chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine [HQC] which some have found effective against COVID-19. The Neem plant (Azadirachta indica) has been named first among “Ten Indigenous plants which have been saving Ghanaian lives” for centuries. [39,40]
Would scoffers not exclaim “Come on! When Oxford brains produce vaccines for COVID-19, all you from the Dark Continent can offer are Chewing Sticks and Dilute Honey”?
Recommended Ghanaian Solution
“Solution” has two different meanings that our recommendation satisfies: (a) Solving a Problem and (b) A Liquid: 1.5% hydrogen peroxide.
“EX AFRICA SEMPER QUIDQUID NOVI” (“Count on Africa for always producing something new”) is what Pliny the Elder would have proclaimed 2000 years ago.
Competing Interests: None Declared.
About the author: Felix I D Konotey-Ahulu FGA MD(Lond) FRCP(Lond) FRCP(Glasg) DTMH(L’pool), Distinguished Professor of Human Genetics University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Former Consultant Physician, Genetic Counselor, in Sickle Cell and Other Haemoglobinopathies, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital; Director Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, Korle Bu, Accra. Email [email protected] website: www.sicklecell.md
References
1. Bar-Zeef N, Moss WJ. (2020) Encouraging results from phase ½ COVID-19 vaccine trials. Lancet, 396:448-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(20)31611-1
2. Zhu FC. (2020) Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet, 396:479-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(20)31605-6
3. Ayettey AS. (2020) A Case for Hydrogen Peroxide Mouthwash and Gargle to Limit SARS-Co-2 Infection. BMJ 368, https://www.bmj.com/content/ 368/bmj.m1252/rr-27
4. McCarron RM, Sandor B. (2020) COVID-19. Vaccine Compliance. BMJ 370, https://www.bmj.com/content/ 370/bmj.m2914/rr
5. Anand JK. (2020) Re: UK agrees “early access” deal with companies to get 90 million vaccine doses. BMJ 370, https://www.bmj.com/content/ 370/bmj.m2914/rr-0
6. Stone J. (2020) Re: UK agrees “early access” deal with companies to get 90 million vaccine doses. BMJ 370, https://www.bmj.com/content/ 370/bmj.m2914/rr-1
7. Caddy S. (2020) Developing a vaccine for COVID-19. BMJ 369, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj. m1790
8. Cunningham A. (2020) Even covid-19 can’t kill the anti-vaccination movement. Re: Katrina Meggett – Even COVID-19 can’t kill the anti-vaccination movement. BMJ 369: https://www.bmj.com/content/ 369/bmj.m2184/rr-4
9. Gellin B. (2020) Why vaccine rumours stick – and getting them unstuck. Lancet 396:303-304. https://www.thelancet.com/ journals/lancet/article/ PIIS0140-6736(20)31640-8/ fulltext
10. Fassin D, Schneider H. (2003) The politics of AIDS in South Africa: beyond the controversies. BMJ 326:495-497. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/12609950
11. Konotey-Ahulu FID. (2003) Wake up call and need for paradigm shift. BMJ, Rapid Response to Fassin & Schneider (2003). https://www.rethinking.org/ bmj/response_30917.html
12. Konotey-Ahulu FID. (2015) Ebola and Ethics: Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences and Ghana Government Suspend Ebola Virus Vaccine Trials. BMJ 350, Rapid Response http://www.bmj.com/content/ 350/bmj.h2105/rr-7
13. Abbasi K. (2020) Health is a political choice, and politics is a continuous struggle for power. BMJ 369, Rapid Response https://www.bmj.com/content/ 369/bmj.m2102/rr-0
14. BBC News. (2020) Trump says he is taking unproven drug hydroxychloroquine. 19 May 2020 https://www.bbc.com/news/ world-us-canada-52717161
15. BBC News. (2020) Coronavirus: Trump moves to pull US out of World Health Organization. July 7 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/ world-us-canada-53327906
16. Vincent MJ, Bergorou E, Benjanett S, et al. (2005) Chloroquine is a Potent inhibitor of SARS Corona virus infection and spread. Virology J 2:69. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/16115318
17. Torjesen I. (2020) Covid-19: Hydro-chloroquine does not benefit hospitalized patients. UK Trial finds. BMJ, 369.m2263. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/32513810
18. Femer RE, Aronson JK. (2020) Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in covid-19: Use of these drugs is premature and potentially harmful. BMJ 2020; 369:m1432 https://www.bmj.com/content/ 369/bmj.m1432
19. WHO (17 June 2020) Announces that the Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) trial for COVID-19 was being stopped. https://www.who.int/news-room/ q-a-detail/q-a- hydroxychloroquine-and-covid- 19
20. WHO discontinues hydrochloroquine for COVID-19. July 4 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/ detail/04-07-2020-who- discontinues- hydroxychloroquine-and- lopinavir-ritonavir-treatment- arms-for-covid-19
21. Konotey-Ahulu FID. (2019) EVIDENCE – Do not forget the hidden human dimension. “Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence”. https://www.bmj.com/content/ 366/bmj.l4606/rr-11
22. Cheng RZ. (2020) Protected Group Immunity, Not A Vaccine is the way to stop the COVID-19 Pandemic OMNS. http://orthomolecular.org/ resources/omns/v16n27.shtml
23. Cheng RZ “The 3rd Large Dose Vitamin C Clinical Study for NCP Approval” on YouTube https://youtu.be/VMDX0RSDp1k
24. Levy TE. (2011) Curing the incurable – Vitamin C, Infectious Disease, and Toxins. LivOn Books (Third Edition). ISBN-13: 978-0977952021 http://www.LivOnBooks.com
25. Pauling L. (1976) Vitamin C, the Common Cold, and the Flu. W.H. Freeman & Co. ISBN-13: 978-0716703617
26. Pauling L. (1971) The Significance of the Evidence about Ascorbic Acid and the Common Cold. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 68, 2678-2681. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/4941984
27. Hoffer A, Pauling L. (2000) Vitamin C and Cancer: Discovery, Recovery, Controversy. Quarry Pr. ISBN-13: 978-1550820782
28. Cheng RZ. (2020) Covid-19, Vitamin C, Vaccine and Integrative medicine: An exclusive interview with Dr Richard Cheng (English Verson) on YouTube. https://youtu.be/iC2WK9y-rRs
29. OMNS (2020) Orthomolecular Nutrients http://orthomolecular.org/ nutrients/index.shtml
30. Cheng RZ. (2020) Risk Roundup: Can Vitamin C Prevent and Treat COVID-19? YouTube https://youtu.be/bnj5y6zxXYY
31. Konotey-Ahulu FID. (2020) COVID-19 Treatment with CHLOROQUINE or Intravenous VITAMIN C Requires Prior Exclusion of G6PD Deficiency! BMJ Rapid Response 8. https://www.bmj.com/content/ 369/bmj.m1432/rr-21
32. WHO. (2020) A COORDINATED GLOBAL RESEARCH ROADMAP: 2019 NOVEL CORONAVIRUS. Vitamin C included in WHO Road Map pages 36 & 37. https://www.who.int/blueprint/ priority-diseases/key-action/ Coronavirus_Roadmap_V9.pdf?ua= 1
33. Cheng RZ. (2020) Vitamin C in the treatment and prevention of Covid-19. NIH Presentation, April 8 2020. https://www.drwlc.com/Covid- 19_talks.shtml
34. Cheng RZ. (2020) Protected Population Immunity to protect COVID-19. Journal of Clinical Immunology & Immunotherapy. May 27, 2020. https://www.heraldopenaccess. us/openaccess/protected- population-immunity-not-a- vaccine-is-the-way-to-stop- covid-19-pandemic
35. Thompson J. (2017) MIRACLES FROM THE VAULT Anthology of Underground Cures. Chapter Four, Scientists discover 3,000-year-old wound healing marvel: Honey pages 391. HIS, Frederick MD 21705, USA. ASIN : B00IURKSOS.
36. Kofi-Tsepo WM, Rukunga GM, Aluoch JA, et al. (1991) A preliminary investigation of a traditional medicine (KRM 913) as a potential antimalarial and antiparasitic agent. In Kinoti SN, Omuse JK, Kofi-Tsepo WM, eds Recent Advances in Medical Research with a Symposium on Environmental and occupational health, NAIROBI, KEMRI 1991: 25-28.
37. Konotey-Ahulu FID. (1997) Fever in Africa and WHO recommendation. Lancet 350:1549. https://www.thelancet.com/ pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140- 6736(05)63980-3.pdf
38. Konotey-Ahulu FID. (1999) Averting a malaria disaster. Lancet 354:258. https://www.thelancet.com/ journals/lancet/article/ PIIS0140-6736(05)66333-7/ fulltext
39. GhanaWeb. (2020) 10 Indigenous plants that have saved Ghanaian lives for centuries. Ghana News, 2020 July 30. https://www.ghanaweb.com/ GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/10- indigenous-plants-that-have- saved-Ghanaian-lives-for- centuries-1021723
40. Boadu Augustine A. (2017) Documentations of Herbal Medicines Used for the Treatment of Human Diseases by Some Communities in Southern Ghana. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Hidawi, 2017:3043061. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/ 3043061
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