newswars--2020-07-20--As America’s Economic Suffering Grows, The Calls For More Socialism Grow Louder

It is during moments of great crisis that we find out who we really are , and that is why the governmental response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been so heartbreaking .
Instead of rallying around our founding principles , Democrats and Republicans have both gravitated toward “ solutions ” that are in the exact opposite direction .
Bigger government programs , more government tyranny and huge socialist transfer payments have all been greatly welcomed by the mainstream media and by large portions of the U.S. population , and at the same time very few voices are warning us that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , exploding the size of our national debt and setting extremely dangerous precedents for the future .
Once people become accustomed to receiving money directly from the federal government , it is exceedingly difficult to ever cut those payments off .
If you think back through our history , it is difficult to name a single major transfer payment program that was ever rolled back .
Over time , our federal government has just gotten bigger and bigger and bigger , and it is now the biggest government that anyone has ever seen @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
Yes , tens of millions of Americans are deeply hurting right now .
Over the past 17 weeks , a total of 51.3 million Americans have filed new claims for unemployment benefits , and that represents the most dramatic spike in unemployment that the U.S. has ever experienced .
And since most Americans were just barely scraping by financially coming into this year , we are facing a future in which millions upon millions of our fellow citizens aren ’ t going to be able to pay their bills .
In a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ tragic story of a 35-year-old hair stylist named Chelsie Caudle… The mother of two has run into delays applying for unemployment and food stamps in Portland , Oregon , after Grace Salon , a hair salon that specializes in cutting and coloring , was forced to shutter in March when the coronavirus pandemic hit .
Caudle , who is self-employed , sublet a spot at Grace Salon to run her own business called Benjamin LLC .
But with no income coming in for months , bills piled up , making it hard for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , she says .
I think that most of us can identify with what she is going through , because nearly all of us have experienced the same thing at some point in our lives .
In order to relieve the suffering of those that found themselves suddenly unemployed , Congress approved $ 600 a week unemployment bonuses as part of the 2.2 trillion dollar CARES Act that it passed in March… For a while , it sounded like the Republicans were actually against extending the extra unemployment benefits , but now it @ @ @ @ @ @ @ them a bit… In the end , the Republican socialists in Congress will probably fold like a 20 dollar suit like they always do , and so the Democratic socialists in Congress will likely end up with most ( or all ) of what they want in this next “ stimulus bill ” .
And very few people will even talk about the fact that this new “ stimulus bill ” will steal trillions of more dollars from future generations of Americans .
This is what socialism always does .
It steals money @ @ @ @ @ @ @ another .
In our case , we have been stealing from future generations for so long that we have absolutely obliterated the bright future that they were supposed to have .
Meanwhile , the calls for “ a second stimulus check ” are becoming louder as well .
In fact , one recent survey found that a lot of Americans want the next “ stimulus check ” to be even bigger than the last one… When the first round of stimulus checks went out , I warned that this was setting a very @ @ @ @ @ @ @ want more checks , and I was precisely correct .
There are a lot of good conservatives out there that felt guilty about taking the first round of stimulus checks because they recognized that the checks represented a giant step toward socialism .
I can definitely understand why people were feeling conflicted , but my advice is to accept whatever checks the government sends to you .
Because at this point what we are facing is a battle for survival .
We are entering a truly nightmarish chapter in American history , and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
If a little bit of extra money can help you and your family get prepared for what is coming , that is a good thing .
However , it is also appropriate to mourn for what has been lost .
At one time , America was a beacon of hope in a world where billions were living under socialist tyranny .
But now we are racing toward full-blown socialism at a pace that is absolutely breathtaking , and nearly all of our politicians have completely abandoned our founding principles .

It is during moments of great crisis that we find out who we really are, and that is why the governmental response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been so heartbreaking.
Instead of rallying around our founding principles, Democrats and Republicans have both gravitated toward “solutions” that are in the exact opposite direction. Bigger government programs, more government tyranny and huge socialist transfer payments have all been greatly welcomed by the mainstream media and by large portions of the U.S. population, and at the same time very few voices are warning us that these measures are eroding our fundamental rights, exploding the size of our national debt and setting extremely dangerous precedents for the future.
Once people become accustomed to receiving money directly from the federal government, it is exceedingly difficult to ever cut those payments off. If you think back through our history, it is difficult to name a single major transfer payment program that was ever rolled back. Over time, our federal government has just gotten bigger and bigger and bigger, and it is now the biggest government that anyone has ever seen in the history of the entire planet.
Yes, tens of millions of Americans are deeply hurting right now. Over the past 17 weeks, a total of 51.3 million Americans have filed new claims for unemployment benefits, and that represents the most dramatic spike in unemployment that the U.S. has ever experienced.
And since most Americans were just barely scraping by financially coming into this year, we are facing a future in which millions upon millions of our fellow citizens aren’t going to be able to pay their bills. In a recent article, USA Today featured the tragic story of a 35-year-old hair stylist named Chelsie Caudle…
The mother of two has run into delays applying for unemployment and food stamps in Portland, Oregon, after Grace Salon, a hair salon that specializes in cutting and coloring, was forced to shutter in March when the coronavirus pandemic hit. Caudle, who is self-employed, sublet a spot at Grace Salon to run her own business called Benjamin LLC. But with no income coming in for months, bills piled up, making it hard for her to afford groceries for her family, she says.
I think that most of us can identify with what she is going through, because nearly all of us have experienced the same thing at some point in our lives.
In order to relieve the suffering of those that found themselves suddenly unemployed, Congress approved $600 a week unemployment bonuses as part of the 2.2 trillion dollar CARES Act that it passed in March…
The $600 weekly payments from the Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation program were put in place as part of the $2.2 trillion CARES Act that Congress passed in late March amid the coronavirus pandemic. Americans who are eligible for unemployment insurance receive an extra $600 on top of what they normally claim under their state’s benefits. Yet this boost is scheduled to end for all states except New York, on Saturday July 25, 2020. New York’s end date is Sunday, July 26, according to the Department of Labor.
For a while, it sounded like the Republicans were actually against extending the extra unemployment benefits, but now it appears that they just hope to reduce them a bit…
On Sunday, The Washington Post reported that in light of the enhanced $600 per week federal unemployment benefits poised to run out in less than a week, the White House and top Senate Republicans are considering measures including extending a smaller-scale weekly federal enhanced unemployment benefit of $200 or $400 per week or means-testing future federal unemployment benefits.
In the end, the Republican socialists in Congress will probably fold like a 20 dollar suit like they always do, and so the Democratic socialists in Congress will likely end up with most (or all) of what they want in this next “stimulus bill”.
And very few people will even talk about the fact that this new “stimulus bill” will steal trillions of more dollars from future generations of Americans.
This is what socialism always does. It steals money from one group and gives it to another.
In our case, we have been stealing from future generations for so long that we have absolutely obliterated the bright future that they were supposed to have.
Meanwhile, the calls for “a second stimulus check” are becoming louder as well.
In fact, one recent survey found that a lot of Americans want the next “stimulus check” to be even bigger than the last one…
More than two-thirds of Americans say they still need a second stimulus check from the government to help make ends meet, according to recent data from tax preparer Jackson Hewitt. And about a third of that group said the $1,200 checks needed to be more than the previous round. Only about a quarter of them say they wouldn’t need another emergency payment.
When the first round of stimulus checks went out, I warned that this was setting a very dangerous precedent and that people would soon want more checks, and I was precisely correct.
There are a lot of good conservatives out there that felt guilty about taking the first round of stimulus checks because they recognized that the checks represented a giant step toward socialism.
I can definitely understand why people were feeling conflicted, but my advice is to accept whatever checks the government sends to you.
Because at this point what we are facing is a battle for survival. We are entering a truly nightmarish chapter in American history, and our entire system is going to fail. If a little bit of extra money can help you and your family get prepared for what is coming, that is a good thing.
However, it is also appropriate to mourn for what has been lost. At one time, America was a beacon of hope in a world where billions were living under socialist tyranny. But now we are racing toward full-blown socialism at a pace that is absolutely breathtaking, and nearly all of our politicians have completely abandoned our founding principles.


newswars--2020-07-20--Broward County Emergency Order Mandates People Wear ‘Facial Coverings’ Inside Their Own Homes

Authorities in Broward County , Florida have passed a coronavirus emergency order which includes text suggesting all residents are mandated to wear face masks inside their own homes .
County Administrator Bertha Henry issued Emergency Order 20-22 , which imposes a curfew from 11pm to 5am while also banning all gatherings of 10 or more people .
However , the text of the order also appears to mandate “ facial covering requirements ” of people inside their own private property .
Section 4A of the emergency order states the following ; “ All persons who reside on any residential property @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and irrespective of whether they own or rent the property , must ensure that all persons on the residential property , including guests , comply with all applicable guidelines of any Broward County Emergency Order , including the facial covering requirements .
“ Residents who fail to ensure compliance with all applicable Broward County Emergency Orders by such persons shall be subject to the penalties set forth in Section 8-56 of the Broward County Code of Ordinances , with each person present and in violation of an applicable Emergency Order constituting a separate @ @ @ @ @ @ @ this isn ’ t the first time that health authorities have urged people to wear masks even inside their own homes .
The head of the Texas Division of Emergency Management gave that very advice during an interview on Fox News at Nine earlier this month .
However , in Texas residential mask wearing was merely encouraged , in Broward County it appears to be backed by the law .
Given that some people in California were apparently reporting their own neighbors for coughing and sneezing indoors , is it that far fetched @ @ @ @ @ @ @ could be getting a knock on their door if they refuse to comply ?
In passing the emergency order , authorities reminded people that they can call 311 if they see anyone violating the rules .
There is a war on free speech .
Without your support , my voice will be silenced .
Please sign up for the free newsletter here .
Donate to me on SubscribeStar here .
Support my sponsor – Turbo Force – a supercharged boost of clean energy without the comedown .

Authorities in Broward County, Florida have passed a coronavirus emergency order which includes text suggesting all residents are mandated to wear face masks inside their own homes.
County Administrator Bertha Henry issued Emergency Order 20-22, which imposes a curfew from 11pm to 5am while also banning all gatherings of 10 or more people.
However, the text of the order also appears to mandate “facial covering requirements” of people inside their own private property.
Section 4A of the emergency order states the following;
“All persons who reside on any residential property, whether single family or multi-family, and irrespective of whether they own or rent the property, must ensure that all persons on the residential property, including guests, comply with all applicable guidelines of any Broward County Emergency Order, including the facial covering requirements.
Broward County orders that you must wear a mask IN YOUR HOME!!! 🚨🚨🚨 pic.twitter.com/Zw9JoWflan — Patrick Howley (@HowleyReporter) July 20, 2020
“Residents who fail to ensure compliance with all applicable Broward County Emergency Orders by such persons shall be subject to the penalties set forth in Section 8-56 of the Broward County Code of Ordinances, with each person present and in violation of an applicable Emergency Order constituting a separate violation.”
As we previously highlighted, this isn’t the first time that health authorities have urged people to wear masks even inside their own homes.
The head of the Texas Division of Emergency Management gave that very advice during an interview on Fox News at Nine earlier this month.
However, in Texas residential mask wearing was merely encouraged, in Broward County it appears to be backed by the law.
Given that some people in California were apparently reporting their own neighbors for coughing and sneezing indoors, is it that far fetched to imagine that residents of Broward County could be getting a knock on their door if they refuse to comply?
In passing the emergency order, authorities reminded people that they can call 311 if they see anyone violating the rules.
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newswars--2020-07-20--WHO and UN Act to Censor Social Media to Stop an “Infodemic”

Rex Jones breaks down how the World Health Organization , along with its globalist founder the UN , is working @ @ @ @ @ information by promoting mainstream media and censoring any and all voices of opposition .
New @ @ @ @ @ July , which results in a spike of patient deaths .
Will the deep state @ @ @ @ @ Covid-19 ?

Rex Jones breaks down how the World Health Organization, along with its globalist founder the UN, is working to stop the flow of information by promoting mainstream media and censoring any and all voices of opposition.
YouTube mirror:
Check out my New @DoctorSilence content, on https://t.co/srAjMdk71C and Youtube, Exposing the WHO’s new plan to censor the internet!https://t.co/DsRnwcPwsphttps://t.co/ymuJE4mjZR — Rex Jones (@rexjonesnews) July 20, 2020
New medical residents become doctors every July, which results in a spike of patient deaths. Will the deep state blame this annual spike on Covid-19?


newswars--2020-07-20--St. Louis couple charged with illegal use of arms for ‘threatening peaceful protesters’ who crashed

St. Louis couple charged with illegal use of arms for ‘threatening peaceful protesters’ who crashed into their private community

The St. Louis couple who confronted Black Lives Matter protesters with firearms after they breached a gated community have been hit with weapons charges , with a city attorney insisting the demonstration was peaceful .
The two residents , Mark and Patricia McCloskey , were charged on Monday following an incident late last month in which the couple met protesters outside their upscale home wielding firearms after demonstrators entered their private community to protest at the home of Mayor Lyda Krewson .
“ It is illegal to wave weapons in a threatening manner at those participating in a nonviolent protest @ @ @ @ @ @ @ situation did not escalate into deadly force , this type of conduct is unacceptable in St. Louis , ” wrote circuit attorney Kimberly Gardner in a statement .
The McCloskeys were charged with felony unlawful use of a weapon and misdemeanor assault .
Gardner , however , suggested the case could be handled out of court through a “ diversion program , ” saying that would serve as a “ fair resolution , ” though did not elaborate what that might entail .
The June 28 protest sparked a storm of controversy after @ @ @ @ @ @ @ showing the couple outside their mansion pointing a rifle and pistol into a crowd of demonstrators while telling them to leave the neighborhood .
The McCloskeys say they felt threatened by the protesters – claiming they openly threatened to kill them and burn down their house .
A lawyer representing the couple , Joel Schwartz , said the charges were “ disheartening , ” insisting “ unequivocally ” that the McCloskeys committed no crime .
He added that the right to free speech ought to be “ balanced with the Second Amendment and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ us to protect our home and family from potential threats.
” When CHAZistan Marxists showed up at HER house , Seattle Mayor changed her tune .
As the mob fires into SUV and an arsonist sets himself on fire trying to burn down a home , what are YOUR legal rights to protect yourself ?
The case of the lawyers in St. Louis standing outside their home is a good example .
The social media mob had a field day with the lawyers in St. Louis but now another picture emerges

The St. Louis couple who confronted Black Lives Matter protesters with firearms after they breached a gated community have been hit with weapons charges, with a city attorney insisting the demonstration was peaceful.
The two residents, Mark and Patricia McCloskey, were charged on Monday following an incident late last month in which the couple met protesters outside their upscale home wielding firearms after demonstrators entered their private community to protest at the home of Mayor Lyda Krewson.
1/ Statement from Circuit Attorney Kimberly M. Gardner – Today my office filed charges against Mark and Patricia McCloskey following an incident involving peaceful, unarmed protesters on June 28th. Full statement below: pic.twitter.com/zPucQ3MHs5 — Circuit Attorney (@stlcao) July 20, 2020
“It is illegal to wave weapons in a threatening manner at those participating in a nonviolent protest, and while we are fortunate this situation did not escalate into deadly force, this type of conduct is unacceptable in St. Louis,” wrote circuit attorney Kimberly Gardner in a statement.
The McCloskeys were charged with felony unlawful use of a weapon and misdemeanor assault. Gardner, however, suggested the case could be handled out of court through a “diversion program,” saying that would serve as a “fair resolution,” though did not elaborate what that might entail.
The June 28 protest sparked a storm of controversy after footage of the incident went viral, showing the couple outside their mansion pointing a rifle and pistol into a crowd of demonstrators while telling them to leave the neighborhood. The McCloskeys say they felt threatened by the protesters – claiming they openly threatened to kill them and burn down their house.
A lawyer representing the couple, Joel Schwartz, said the charges were “disheartening,” insisting “unequivocally” that the McCloskeys committed no crime. He added that the right to free speech ought to be “balanced with the Second Amendment and Missouri law, which entitle each of us to protect our home and family from potential threats.”
When CHAZistan Marxists showed up at HER house, Seattle Mayor changed her tune. As the mob fires into SUV and an arsonist sets himself on fire trying to burn down a home, what are YOUR legal rights to protect yourself? The case of the lawyers in St. Louis standing outside their home is a good example. The social media mob had a field day with the lawyers in St. Louis but now another picture emerges


newswars--2020-07-20--At Least 65 Shot, 10 Fatally, over Weekend in Mayor Lori Lightfoot’s Chicago

At least 65 people were shot , 10 fatally , over the weekend in Mayor Lori Lightfoot ’ s ( @ @ @ @ @ July 19 , 2020 , Breitbart News reported 50 had been shot , at least @ @ @ @ @ evening and Sunday morning alone .
Those numbers only rose as the rest of Sunday @ @ @ @ @ reports the shootings began Friday at 5:30 p.m. “ in the 8200 block of South @ @ @ @ @ standing on the sidewalk when someone opened fired from inside a vehicle .
A “ @ @ @ @ @ the face , a 21-year-old man was hit in the arm and a 27-year-old woman @ @ @ @ @ .
”

At least 65 people were shot, 10 fatally, over the weekend in Mayor Lori Lightfoot’s (D) Chicago.
On July 19, 2020, Breitbart News reported 50 had been shot, at least six killed, between Friday evening and Sunday morning alone. Those numbers only rose as the rest of Sunday played out.
NBC 5 reports the shootings began Friday at 5:30 p.m. “in the 8200 block of South Drexel.” Three individuals were standing on the sidewalk when someone opened fired from inside a vehicle. A “14-year-old boy was hit in the face, a 21-year-old man was hit in the arm and a 27-year-old woman was hit in the buttocks.”
Read More


newswars--2020-07-20--CDC Hoping July Effect Increases COVID-19 Deaths

New medical residents become doctors every July , which results in a spike of patient deaths .
Will the deep @ @ @ @ @ on Covid-19 ?

New medical residents become doctors every July, which results in a spike of patient deaths.
Will the deep state blame this annual spike on Covid-19?


newswars--2020-07-20--Bizarre: “Obey” Message Appears in Kentucky Sky Following Mask Mandate

Residents of Kentucky were alarmed to look up in the sky and see a message instructing them to “ Obey.
” Appearing in the skies of Frankfort near Lexington last week , people snapped photos of the message telling them essentially to shut up and do what they ’ re told .
The message , reportedly written multiple times , appeared mere days after Democrat Gov .
Andy Beshear implemented a statewide face mask mandate , prompting many to speculate it was backlash against the order .
The eerie skywriting brings to mind the message repeated in the 80s dystopian @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in which a man discovers hidden messages throughout print , video , and news media subliminally instructing the unsuspecting population to “ obey ” and “ consume.
” Adding to the mystique , the person who commissioned the message remains a mystery .
Local media LEX 18 tracked down the plane ’ s owner , who said he would not disclose the client , or the project ’ s cost .
He also said he knew nothing about the motivation behind the message .
KY skywriter puts “ OBEY ” in the sky @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mask regulations in Utah & Georgia Gov Kemp pushes back on Democrat Mayors ’ mandates .

Residents of Kentucky were alarmed to look up in the sky and see a message instructing them to “Obey.”
Appearing in the skies of Frankfort near Lexington last week, people snapped photos of the message telling them essentially to shut up and do what they’re told.
The message, reportedly written multiple times, appeared mere days after Democrat Gov. Andy Beshear implemented a statewide face mask mandate, prompting many to speculate it was backlash against the order.
The eerie skywriting brings to mind the message repeated in the 80s dystopian film, “They Live,” in which a man discovers hidden messages throughout print, video, and news media subliminally instructing the unsuspecting population to “obey” and “consume.”
Adding to the mystique, the person who commissioned the message remains a mystery.
Local media LEX 18 tracked down the plane’s owner, who said he would not disclose the client, or the project’s cost. He also said he knew nothing about the motivation behind the message.
KY skywriter puts “OBEY” in the sky, parents shut down meeting to impose mask regulations in Utah & Georgia Gov Kemp pushes back on Democrat Mayors’ mandates.


newswars--2020-07-20--Absurd Lawsuit Claims Tucker Carlson Sexually Harassed a Woman by Taking His Jacket Off on Set

Fox News host Tucker Carlson is facing an absurd MeToo-style lawsuit after a former guest on his show claimed she was ‘ sexually harassed ’ by the sight of Carlson changing into a leather jacket while on set .
The retaliation lawsuit , which also targets Sean Hannity and Ed Henry , was filed by former Fox Business Network producer Jennifer Eckhart and former FNC guest Cathy Areu .
In the suit , Areu claimed she was “ tied to her chair ” while Carlson demanded she stay until the very end of the show to chat with him .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ ‘ tied to a chair ’ – her microphone that she had just used to speak on the show was attached to the chair .
Elsewhere in the lawsuit , Areu appears to be suggesting that Carlson changed in front of her while she was “ tied to her chair.
” In reality , the Fox News host merely changed into his leather jacket as he prepared to attend a Christmas party .
Areu then suggests that Carlson propositioned her by stating he would be alone in New York City that night at @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
As commentator Mark Dice points out , this could easily have been deliberately misconstrued to hide the reality that Carlson was merely expressing that he missed his wife and kids .
The lawsuit also appears to be motivated by Areu ’ s bitterness that Carlson invited her onto his show less frequently in 2019 and 2020 .
In summary , the lawsuit just looks like another lazy attempt to smear Carlson , the host of the biggest news show in America , who has already proved impervious to ad boycotts and claims @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a war on free speech .
Without your support , my voice will be silenced .
Please sign up for the free newsletter here .
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Support my sponsor – Turbo Force – a supercharged boost of clean energy without the comedown .

Fox News host Tucker Carlson is facing an absurd MeToo-style lawsuit after a former guest on his show claimed she was ‘sexually harassed’ by the sight of Carlson changing into a leather jacket while on set.
The retaliation lawsuit, which also targets Sean Hannity and Ed Henry, was filed by former Fox Business Network producer Jennifer Eckhart and former FNC guest Cathy Areu.
In the suit, Areu claimed she was “tied to her chair” while Carlson demanded she stay until the very end of the show to chat with him.
In reality, Areu wasn’t ‘tied to a chair’ – her microphone that she had just used to speak on the show was attached to the chair.
Elsewhere in the lawsuit, Areu appears to be suggesting that Carlson changed in front of her while she was “tied to her chair.”
They’re coming for Tucker Carlson with a sexual harassment lawsuit from Cathy Areu the “Liberal Sherpa” who claims she was “tied to a chair” while Tucker “changed in front of her.” DETAILS: She had a mic on from the segment, and he put on his jacket after the show ended! pic.twitter.com/RycMWnfauh — Mark Dice (@MarkDice) July 20, 2020
In reality, the Fox News host merely changed into his leather jacket as he prepared to attend a Christmas party.
Areu then suggests that Carlson propositioned her by stating he would be alone in New York City that night at a hotel without his wife and kids.
As commentator Mark Dice points out, this could easily have been deliberately misconstrued to hide the reality that Carlson was merely expressing that he missed his wife and kids.
Notice how the lunatic thinks because he mentioned he was sad that he was away from his family because he had to attend the company Christmas party, that she thinks he was propositioning her for sex! It’s obvious to anyone who saw the “libel sherpa” segments, she is a LOON! — Mark Dice (@MarkDice) July 20, 2020
The lawsuit also appears to be motivated by Areu’s bitterness that Carlson invited her onto his show less frequently in 2019 and 2020.
In summary, the lawsuit just looks like another lazy attempt to smear Carlson, the host of the biggest news show in America, who has already proved impervious to ad boycotts and claims of advocating white supremacy.
My man Tucker has higher standards than this lmaooo https://t.co/n7uuzUS2pB pic.twitter.com/yWxgF4rIUZ — (@LiLYungLean) July 20, 2020
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There is a war on free speech. Without your support, my voice will be silenced.
Please sign up for the free newsletter here. Donate to me on SubscribeStar here.
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newswars--2020-07-20--Study Compares Addictiveness Between Different Social Media Platforms

You might think social media is addictive , but how do certain platforms measure against one another ?
Researchers from Michigan State University and California State University-Fullerton conducted the first study comparing problematic use between Facebook and Snapchat — while also uncovering surprising findings about users ’ personality traits .
“ Both Facebook and Snapchat have separate features that make users want to keep coming back and using these platforms , ” said Dar Meshi , a cognitive neuroscientist and assistant professor in MSU ’ s College of Communication Arts and Sciences .
“ We were interested in measuring not @ @ @ @ @ @ @ specific social rewards people might be looking for when using them.
” The study , published in the journal Addictive Behaviors Reports , measured 472 college-aged participants ’ time spent on the two platforms , quit attempts and problematic use .
The researchers also asked participants to fill out a questionnaire that measured their preferences for social rewards — or , types of social interactions they enjoy — such as admiration , passivity , prosocial interactions , sexual relationships , sociability and , lastly , negative social potency .
“ We found that @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on Facebook , and they also demonstrated more problematic use of Snapchat , ” Meshi said .
“ Surprisingly though , participants reported more attempts to quit Facebook.
” While Meshi and co-author Ofir Turel , a professor of information systems and decision sciences , did not examine what specific mechanisms within the two platforms led to problematic use , they did find a psychological parallel with users ’ problematic use .
“ Remarkably , we saw a correlation between problematic use on both platforms and negative social potency — which is people @ @ @ @ @ @ @ callous and use others for personal gain , ” Meshi said .
“ These survey items asked about one ’ s enjoyment embarrassing or angering others , for example.
” Meshi explained that people with more problematic use had higher preference levels for negative social potency rewards ; so , the more problematic your use is , the more you enjoy these negative social interactions .
Negative social potency , admiration ( receiving admiration from others ) and sociability were found to be positively associated with problematic Snapchat use , but only negative @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The other surprising finding , Meshi said , was that participants attempted to quit Facebook more than Snapchat .
“ Given our finding that college students ’ use of Snapchat is more problematic , we thought there would have been more attempts to quit or curtail use , ” Meshi said .
Meshi explained that understanding which social reward preferences are related to problematic use is essential for clinical psychologists as they treat patients .
“ If there ’ s a patient who says they ’ re having problems overusing these platforms @ @ @ @ @ @ @ understanding as to what drives them socially and should be better able to help them , ” said Meshi .
When America fully realizes that there ’ s a Globalist-Satanic spiritual attack on everything they stand for , there will be change .

You might think social media is addictive, but how do certain platforms measure against one another? Researchers from Michigan State University and California State University-Fullerton conducted the first study comparing problematic use between Facebook and Snapchat — while also uncovering surprising findings about users’ personality traits.
“Both Facebook and Snapchat have separate features that make users want to keep coming back and using these platforms,” said Dar Meshi, a cognitive neuroscientist and assistant professor in MSU’s College of Communication Arts and Sciences. “We were interested in measuring not only problematic use, but also the specific social rewards people might be looking for when using them.”
The study, published in the journal Addictive Behaviors Reports, measured 472 college-aged participants’ time spent on the two platforms, quit attempts and problematic use. The researchers also asked participants to fill out a questionnaire that measured their preferences for social rewards — or, types of social interactions they enjoy — such as admiration, passivity, prosocial interactions, sexual relationships, sociability and, lastly, negative social potency.
“We found that participants spent more time on Snapchat than on Facebook, and they also demonstrated more problematic use of Snapchat,” Meshi said. “Surprisingly though, participants reported more attempts to quit Facebook.”
While Meshi and co-author Ofir Turel, a professor of information systems and decision sciences, did not examine what specific mechanisms within the two platforms led to problematic use, they did find a psychological parallel with users’ problematic use.
“Remarkably, we saw a correlation between problematic use on both platforms and negative social potency — which is people’s desire to be cruel, callous and use others for personal gain,” Meshi said. “These survey items asked about one’s enjoyment embarrassing or angering others, for example.”
Meshi explained that people with more problematic use had higher preference levels for negative social potency rewards; so, the more problematic your use is, the more you enjoy these negative social interactions. Negative social potency, admiration (receiving admiration from others) and sociability were found to be positively associated with problematic Snapchat use, but only negative social potency correlated with problematic Facebook use.
The other surprising finding, Meshi said, was that participants attempted to quit Facebook more than Snapchat.
“Given our finding that college students’ use of Snapchat is more problematic, we thought there would have been more attempts to quit or curtail use,” Meshi said.
Meshi explained that understanding which social reward preferences are related to problematic use is essential for clinical psychologists as they treat patients.
“If there’s a patient who says they’re having problems overusing these platforms, the clinician will have a better understanding as to what drives them socially and should be better able to help them,” said Meshi.
When America fully realizes that there’s a Globalist-Satanic spiritual attack on everything they stand for, there will be change.


newswars--2020-07-20--Video: Restaurant Deploys Entry Portal Spraying Customers With Disinfectant

A restaurant in San Antonio , Texas has set up a “ disinfectant spray portal ” outside their front door to sanitize employees and customers .
Using the device “ is completely OPTIONAL , ” according to the company ’ s Instagram page .
“ We are not forcing anyone to use this technology… It ’ s completely up to you… ” “ Our employees and customers health is our number one priority .
We are very happy with our customized disinfectant spray portal !
For more info visit sanitizer2you.com , ” the Alamo Biscuit Co. social media post states @ @ @ @ @ @ @ John Vale , told local news outlet KTRK he also owns the company that installed the device outside of the restaurant .
“ We have installed a disinfectant portal .
It ’ s a device that my company distributes .
It ’ s a sanitation station basically , ” Vale explained .
“ It sprays a five-second mist on our customers and employees that come through.
” Vale told the outlet , “ the mist is chlorine-based and skin-safe and kills 99.7 percent of germs.
” However , in a now-deleted Instagram comment @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ’ s a water and ammonium chloride based disinfectant… It ’ s been tested and approved by a chemical specialist here locally in San Antonio.
” So , is it chlorine-based or ammonium chloride-based ?
The Sanitizer2You website doesn ’ t list the ingredients of the “ sanitizer solution ” being used in the portals , instead writing , “ This is completely optional for our clients .
Feel free to ask us for our recommendations.
” Infowars contacted Vale who clarified a misinformed employee wrote the Instagram post falsely claiming ammonium chloride @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Vale confirmed the portal uses hypochlorous acid , which is safe for humans and is widely used as a disinfectant and in sanitizing solutions .
Regardless of what chemicals are used , many people are willing to use the device without ever questioning what ’ s being sprayed on them .

A restaurant in San Antonio, Texas has set up a “disinfectant spray portal” outside their front door to sanitize employees and customers.
Using the device “is completely OPTIONAL,” according to the company’s Instagram page. “We are not forcing anyone to use this technology… It’s completely up to you…”
“Our employees and customers health is our number one priority. We are very happy with our customized disinfectant spray portal! For more info visit sanitizer2you.com,” the Alamo Biscuit Co. social media post states.
The owner of the restaurant, John Vale, told local news outlet KTRK he also owns the company that installed the device outside of the restaurant.
“We have installed a disinfectant portal. It’s a device that my company distributes. It’s a sanitation station basically,” Vale explained. “It sprays a five-second mist on our customers and employees that come through.”
Vale told the outlet, “the mist is chlorine-based and skin-safe and kills 99.7 percent of germs.”
However, in a now-deleted Instagram comment, the company wrote, “It’s a water and ammonium chloride based disinfectant… It’s been tested and approved by a chemical specialist here locally in San Antonio.”
So, is it chlorine-based or ammonium chloride-based?
The Sanitizer2You website doesn’t list the ingredients of the “sanitizer solution” being used in the portals, instead writing, “This is completely optional for our clients. Feel free to ask us for our recommendations.”
Infowars contacted Vale who clarified a misinformed employee wrote the Instagram post falsely claiming ammonium chloride was being used in the solution.
Vale confirmed the portal uses hypochlorous acid, which is safe for humans and is widely used as a disinfectant and in sanitizing solutions.
Regardless of what chemicals are used, many people are willing to use the device without ever questioning what’s being sprayed on them.


newswars--2020-07-20--Trader Joe’s Changing “Racist Packaging” on Ethnic Foods

Trader Joe ’ s has announced plans to change packaging for many items after a petition calling their branding “ racist ” garnered media attention .
A Change.org petition with less than 3,000 signatures at the time of this writing has been cited in a variety of mainstream publications , prompting the grocery chain to reveal the rebranding effort , which they say has been in the works for some time .
“ We demand that Trader Joe ’ s remove racist branding and packaging from its stores .
The grocery chain labels some of its ethnic foods with modifications @ @ @ @ @ @ @ narrative of exoticism that perpetuates harmful stereotypes , ” the petition states .
“ For example , ‘ Trader Ming ’ s ’ is used to brand the chain ’ s Chinese food , ‘ Arabian Joe ’ brands Middle Eastern foods , ‘ Trader José ’ brands Mexican foods , ‘ Trader Giotto ’ s ’ is for Italian food , and ‘ Trader Joe San ’ brands their Japanese cuisine.
” “ The Trader Joe ’ s branding is racist because it exoticizes other cultures – it presents ‘ Joe ’ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the other characters falling outside of it – they are ‘ Arabian Joe , ’ ‘ Trader José , ’ and ‘ Trader Joe San . '
” The company , which has hundreds of locations nationwide , addressed the ‘ concerns ’ of those demanding changes , saying they have been in the works for years and will be complete “ very soon.
” “ While this approach to product naming may have been rooted in a lighthearted attempt at inclusiveness , we recognize that it may now have the opposite effect @ @ @ @ @ @ @ welcoming , rewarding customer experience we strive to create every day , ” Trader Joe ’ s spokeswoman Kenya Friend-Daniel said in a statement .
Rep. Mark Meadows says it ’ s time for people to go to jail for the Russia hoax .

Trader Joe’s has announced plans to change packaging for many items after a petition calling their branding “racist” garnered media attention.
A Change.org petition with less than 3,000 signatures at the time of this writing has been cited in a variety of mainstream publications, prompting the grocery chain to reveal the rebranding effort, which they say has been in the works for some time.
“We demand that Trader Joe’s remove racist branding and packaging from its stores. The grocery chain labels some of its ethnic foods with modifications of ‘Joe’ that belies a narrative of exoticism that perpetuates harmful stereotypes,” the petition states. “For example, ‘Trader Ming’s’ is used to brand the chain’s Chinese food, ‘Arabian Joe’ brands Middle Eastern foods, ‘Trader José’ brands Mexican foods, ‘Trader Giotto’s’ is for Italian food, and ‘Trader Joe San’ brands their Japanese cuisine.”
“The Trader Joe’s branding is racist because it exoticizes other cultures – it presents ‘Joe’ as the default ‘normal’ and the other characters falling outside of it – they are ‘Arabian Joe,’ ‘Trader José,’ and ‘Trader Joe San.'”
The company, which has hundreds of locations nationwide, addressed the ‘concerns’ of those demanding changes, saying they have been in the works for years and will be complete “very soon.”
“While this approach to product naming may have been rooted in a lighthearted attempt at inclusiveness, we recognize that it may now have the opposite effect — one that is contrary to the welcoming, rewarding customer experience we strive to create every day,” Trader Joe’s spokeswoman Kenya Friend-Daniel said in a statement.
Rep. Mark Meadows says it’s time for people to go to jail for the Russia hoax.
Dan Lyman: Follow @CitizenAnalyst


newswars--2020-07-20--Red Bull Fires ‘Woke’ Diversity Directors Who Tried to Push For BLM Support

Red Bull has fired two ‘ diversity directors ’ who tried to force the company into virtue signaling about Black Lives Matter while also dissolving several ‘ culture teams ’ who were pressuring Red Pull to take a more aggressive ‘ woke ’ political stance .
Stefan Kozak , its North America chief executive , and Amy Taylor , its North America president and chief marketing officer , have both left the Austrian drinks company after they tried to create a schism within the business about its supposed “ inaction on the Black Lives Matter movement.
” According to the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Taylor had been working on diversity and inclusion efforts within the company with Mr. Kozak ’ s support for several years but was met with opposition when she began advocating for Red Bull to be more overt in its support of racial justice in the last month , according to people familiar with the matter.
” Citing insiders , the Business Insider reports that the firings were a retaliation against efforts by Kozak and Taylor to create internal tension around “ diversity issues ” and pressure the company to make more diversity hires @ @ @ @ @ @ @ dissolved entertainment and culture teams in Canada , the UK , and Austria and canceled most of its major cultural events.
” According to employees , these “ culture teams ” were “ the most vocal about racial justice matters ” and were therefore fired as a punishment for trying to force Red Bull into a political direction it didn ’ t want to take .
“ Red Bull has just shown the way forward for all who want to prevent a total Marxist-style takeover of business and government in America , ” @ @ @ @ @ @ @ no appeasing these people , the only way forward is to fire them as quickly as possible , and with no mercy .
Err on the side of firing everyone , if need be.
” The firings are unsurprising given that Red Bell is owned by 76-year-old billionaire Dietrich Mateschitz who has previously spoken out against political correctness and showed sympathy for Donald Trump .
Mateschitz also previously criticized German Chancellor Angela Merkel for encouraging over a million “ refugees ” to flood into Germany at the height of the migrant crisis .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ based and red pilled .
Time to stock up .
There is a war on free speech .
Without your support , my voice will be silenced .
Please sign up for the free newsletter here .
Donate to me on SubscribeStar here .
Support my sponsor – Turbo Force – a supercharged boost of clean energy without the comedown .

Red Bull has fired two ‘diversity directors’ who tried to force the company into virtue signaling about Black Lives Matter while also dissolving several ‘culture teams’ who were pressuring Red Pull to take a more aggressive ‘woke’ political stance.
Stefan Kozak, its North America chief executive, and Amy Taylor, its North America president and chief marketing officer, have both left the Austrian drinks company after they tried to create a schism within the business about its supposed “inaction on the Black Lives Matter movement.”
According to the Wall Street Journal, “Ms. Taylor had been working on diversity and inclusion efforts within the company with Mr. Kozak’s support for several years but was met with opposition when she began advocating for Red Bull to be more overt in its support of racial justice in the last month, according to people familiar with the matter.”
Citing insiders, the Business Insider reports that the firings were a retaliation against efforts by Kozak and Taylor to create internal tension around “diversity issues” and pressure the company to make more diversity hires.
Red Bull also “cut or dissolved entertainment and culture teams in Canada, the UK, and Austria and canceled most of its major cultural events.” According to employees, these “culture teams” were “the most vocal about racial justice matters” and were therefore fired as a punishment for trying to force Red Bull into a political direction it didn’t want to take.
This story about Red Bull CEO getting rid of BLM activists in the company is encouraging. Is Red Bull the only company with guts and subversive flare?https://t.co/R5zIMwVWpk — Darren J. Beattie 🌐 (@DarrenJBeattie) July 20, 2020
“Red Bull has just shown the way forward for all who want to prevent a total Marxist-style takeover of business and government in America,” comments Revolver News.
“There is no appeasing these people, the only way forward is to fire them as quickly as possible, and with no mercy. Err on the side of firing everyone, if need be.”
The firings are unsurprising given that Red Bell is owned by 76-year-old billionaire Dietrich Mateschitz who has previously spoken out against political correctness and showed sympathy for Donald Trump.
Mateschitz also previously criticized German Chancellor Angela Merkel for encouraging over a million “refugees” to flood into Germany at the height of the migrant crisis.
In summary, Red Bull is both based and red pilled. Time to stock up.
SUBSCRIBE on YouTube:
Follow on Twitter: Follow @PrisonPlanet
———————————————————————————————————————
There is a war on free speech. Without your support, my voice will be silenced.
Please sign up for the free newsletter here. Donate to me on SubscribeStar here.
Support my sponsor – Turbo Force – a supercharged boost of clean energy without the comedown.
———————————————————————————————————————


newswars--2020-07-20--Lose Texas, Lose The Republic  – Monday Live

Also catch the streams at infowars.com/show and Banned.video .
Alex Jones Show : Every Day Deep State Not Arrested Is @ @ @ @ @ ’ s Death Historically , nations have died from too much corruption and total disregard @ @ @ @ @ as we discuss what must be done to save the national identity of America : @ @ @ @ @ Communist/Corporate Revolution Is Here Also , find out why the mask issue is the hill @ @ @ @ @ Monday edition of The David Knight Show , your host will provide insight into the @ @ @ @ @ place over the weekend as well as what ’ s to come this week .
@ @ @ @ @ COVID-19 tests , the latest in the fight against mandatory masks , President Trump ’ @ @ @ @ @ Kong , and much more .

Harrison Smith hosts this LIVE edition of War Room, weekdays 3-6 p.m. CT.
Also catch the streams at infowars.com/show and Banned.video.
Alex Jones Show: Every Day Deep State Not Arrested Is A Day Closer to America’s Death
Historically, nations have died from too much corruption and total disregard for individual rights
Tune in as we discuss what must be done to save the national identity of America:
Follow Alex Jones on Telegram:
David Knight Show: The Communist/Corporate Revolution Is Here
Also, find out why the mask issue is the hill to die on
On this Monday edition of The David Knight Show, your host will provide insight into the top news stories that took place over the weekend as well as what’s to come this week.
Viewers will learn about faulty COVID-19 tests, the latest in the fight against mandatory masks, President Trump’s executive order on Hong Kong, and much more.


newswars--2020-07-20--The Covid-19 era oil crash is different, V-shaped recovery unlikely

As the world economy slowly begins to recover from the Covid-19 crisis , the tremendous impact on the oil industry will see continued struggles with oversupply and permanent damage , meaning a quick recovery is unlikely .
This most recent drop in prices marks the end of the oil market ’ s supercycle that began in the early 2000s .
For countries reliant on oil sales , this latest price collapse has created further political instability .
During the Covid-19 pandemic , the demand for oil fell globally ; this drop was triggered first by China , which came to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ February and March came the lockdowns of other major economies in Europe , the US , and Latin America .
The crash in oil demand brought prices below zero in April 2020 , as storage for the commodity ran out , and though this issue was expected to be short-term , it might continue to drag on .
There has also been an increase in oil industry bankruptcies , mainly in North America .
It is estimated that nearly 400 oil and gas companies have declared bankruptcy this year .
With businesses coming @ @ @ @ @ @ @ it made sense for all major oil producers to cut back on supply and to try and resolve the storage issue .
The global oil price is largely dictated by OPEC+ , the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries plus Russia and several others , producing in total about half of the world ’ s oil .
It became a political nightmare as the world watched Russia and Saudi Arabia start a price war .
During the March 6 OPEC meeting , Russia refused to agree on additional cuts proposed by OPEC producers @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to increase its oil production .
In this period , both Saudi Arabia and Russia were producing at ‘ over-kill ’ in the middle of a demand shock .
By April , the price of oil was negative and investors holding oil futures were forced to pay to offload contracts for oil due to storage facilities running out .
Meetings between OPEC+ members continued , and the agreement reached in April was to cut by 9.7 million bpd in combined production for two months – from May and June – and then ease @ @ @ @ @ @ @ stay in effect until the end of the year .
From January 2021 , the production cuts would be eased to 5.8 million bpd and would remain in effect until end-April 2022 .
OPEC has done its best to curb production in an attempt to balance supply – but it is not enough .
Some analysts predicted oil prices would make a sharp V-shaped rebound in the second half of 2020 – and that would happen in a ‘ normal ’ year .
But with the Covid-19 pandemic continuing to spread and reshape @ @ @ @ @ @ @ very different .
More than just another crash There has been an extreme shift in consumer behavior , and it ’ s expected to carry through to the post-coronavirus world .
As we await a vaccine , international airline travel ( one of the biggest consumers of oil ) remains at a standstill .
Forced to work around the inability to travel , the world has adapted to working , shopping , and communicating remotely .
Lockdown layoffs have curtailed incomes and purchasing power , and it will take time to recover .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ t rebounding as fast as expected , we can look to China , which was the first to be hit by the coronavirus and now the first to resume business and air travel .
The Chinese government has gradually eased lockdown measures , but despite this , airline travel has plateaued and is not showing signs of resuming to how things once were .
The price of crude oil is a determining factor when it comes to the overall health of the global economy .
Sustained low oil prices have significant implications for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in oil prices also affects world interest rates .
Now , you ’ d think cheaper oil would be a good thing for consumers in the short-term , but this is not the case .
Consumers might benefit from low costs , but this dramatic collapse in oil prices will have a severe impact in the long-term and create economic headwinds .
The World Bank report highlights that weak global demand and acute pressures on oil exporters , combined with lingering post-crisis uncertainties and policy challenges among large importers , could limit some @ @ @ @ @ @ @ economy in the short term .
On the flip side , for the oil-importing developing economies , a decline in oil prices should support stronger growth , reduce inflation , and lower macroeconomic vulnerabilities .
Historically , oil has been prone to frequent ups and downs .
Over the past three decades , it is estimated there have been five other episodes where oil prices declined 30 percent or more in a seven-month period , coinciding with major changes in the global economy and oil markets .
According to a World Bank report @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , concurrent with the OPEC embargo , oil prices experienced a “ rapid decline.
” Following the financial crisis , there was a spike in 2008 , which was followed by a crash triggered by the recession .
Then a record high oil price was reached in 2011 .
There was also a drop in oil prices in the second half of 2014 , then the global average price to $ 43.73 per barrel in 2016 .
Sharp drops of at least 30 percent are considered significant – but this time , the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 100 percent and more , and going to below zero .
And the sheer size of the slide is compounded by the extraordinary circumstances of 2020 .
This 2020 oil crash combined with the Covid-19 pandemic has also had a huge impact on shale oil producers in North America , which require oil prices above $ 40 per barrel to sustain operations .
This decline in oil prices has also forced sovereign wealth funds to pull out some of their funds from financial markets .
For example , the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund @ @ @ @ @ @ @ trillion , lost an estimated 16 percent in the first quarter of this year .
During the time of publication , international benchmark Brent crude was trading at $ 42.80 per barrel .
During an OPEC meeting led by Saudi Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman and his Russian counterpart , Alexander Novak , they discussed whether to extend the record production cuts of 9.6 million barrels per day or taper to 7.7 million bpd starting in August .
The members agreed to restore oil supplies in August .
OPEC research showed a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ could lead to 2020 oil demand dropping by 11 million bpd .
The next OPEC+ JMMC meeting will be held August 18 .
The oil sector has a very different future after this price collapse – we can expect further volatility and uncertainty .
The volatility is expected to continue in the oil market as the Covid-19 outbreak and slowdown in businesses continues to add pressure to oil prices .
Oil is showing slow signs of rebounding in the near-term , and unfortunately there is no quick fix .

As the world economy slowly begins to recover from the Covid-19 crisis, the tremendous impact on the oil industry will see continued struggles with oversupply and permanent damage, meaning a quick recovery is unlikely.
This most recent drop in prices marks the end of the oil market’s supercycle that began in the early 2000s. For countries reliant on oil sales, this latest price collapse has created further political instability.
During the Covid-19 pandemic, the demand for oil fell globally; this drop was triggered first by China, which came to a standstill in January. Then in February and March came the lockdowns of other major economies in Europe, the US, and Latin America.
The crash in oil demand brought prices below zero in April 2020, as storage for the commodity ran out, and though this issue was expected to be short-term, it might continue to drag on.
There has also been an increase in oil industry bankruptcies, mainly in North America. It is estimated that nearly 400 oil and gas companies have declared bankruptcy this year.
Russia-Saudi Arabia price war
With businesses coming to a standstill around the world, it made sense for all major oil producers to cut back on supply and to try and resolve the storage issue.
The global oil price is largely dictated by OPEC+, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries plus Russia and several others, producing in total about half of the world’s oil.
It became a political nightmare as the world watched Russia and Saudi Arabia start a price war. During the March 6 OPEC meeting, Russia refused to agree on additional cuts proposed by OPEC producers. In turn, Saudi Arabia decided to increase its oil production. In this period, both Saudi Arabia and Russia were producing at ‘over-kill’ in the middle of a demand shock. By April, the price of oil was negative and investors holding oil futures were forced to pay to offload contracts for oil due to storage facilities running out.
Meetings between OPEC+ members continued, and the agreement reached in April was to cut by 9.7 million bpd in combined production for two months – from May and June – and then ease these to 7.7 million bpd, to stay in effect until the end of the year. From January 2021, the production cuts would be eased to 5.8 million bpd and would remain in effect until end-April 2022.
OPEC has done its best to curb production in an attempt to balance supply – but it is not enough.
Some analysts predicted oil prices would make a sharp V-shaped rebound in the second half of 2020 – and that would happen in a ‘normal’ year. But with the Covid-19 pandemic continuing to spread and reshape the world, this time could be very different.
More than just another crash
There has been an extreme shift in consumer behavior, and it’s expected to carry through to the post-coronavirus world. As we await a vaccine, international airline travel (one of the biggest consumers of oil) remains at a standstill. Forced to work around the inability to travel, the world has adapted to working, shopping, and communicating remotely. Lockdown layoffs have curtailed incomes and purchasing power, and it will take time to recover.
For evidence that airline travel isn’t rebounding as fast as expected, we can look to China, which was the first to be hit by the coronavirus and now the first to resume business and air travel. The Chinese government has gradually eased lockdown measures, but despite this, airline travel has plateaued and is not showing signs of resuming to how things once were.
The malaise becomes chronic
The price of crude oil is a determining factor when it comes to the overall health of the global economy. Sustained low oil prices have significant implications for growth and inflation. This latest plunge in oil prices also affects world interest rates.
Now, you’d think cheaper oil would be a good thing for consumers in the short-term, but this is not the case. Consumers might benefit from low costs, but this dramatic collapse in oil prices will have a severe impact in the long-term and create economic headwinds.
The World Bank report highlights that weak global demand and acute pressures on oil exporters, combined with lingering post-crisis uncertainties and policy challenges among large importers, could limit some of the expected benefits for the global economy in the short term. On the flip side, for the oil-importing developing economies, a decline in oil prices should support stronger growth, reduce inflation, and lower macroeconomic vulnerabilities.
Historically, oil has been prone to frequent ups and downs. Over the past three decades, it is estimated there have been five other episodes where oil prices declined 30 percent or more in a seven-month period, coinciding with major changes in the global economy and oil markets.
According to a World Bank report from 2015, in the early 1980s, concurrent with the OPEC embargo, oil prices experienced a “rapid decline.” Following the financial crisis, there was a spike in 2008, which was followed by a crash triggered by the recession. Then a record high oil price was reached in 2011. There was also a drop in oil prices in the second half of 2014, then the global average price to $43.73 per barrel in 2016.
Sharp drops of at least 30 percent are considered significant – but this time, the prices went through the floor, losing 100 percent and more, and going to below zero. And the sheer size of the slide is compounded by the extraordinary circumstances of 2020.
This 2020 oil crash combined with the Covid-19 pandemic has also had a huge impact on shale oil producers in North America, which require oil prices above $40 per barrel to sustain operations.
This decline in oil prices has also forced sovereign wealth funds to pull out some of their funds from financial markets. For example, the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund, which is worth around $1.5 trillion, lost an estimated 16 percent in the first quarter of this year.
During the time of publication, international benchmark Brent crude was trading at $42.80 per barrel. During an OPEC meeting led by Saudi Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman and his Russian counterpart, Alexander Novak, they discussed whether to extend the record production cuts of 9.6 million barrels per day or taper to 7.7 million bpd starting in August. The members agreed to restore oil supplies in August. OPEC research showed a second “strong wave” of coronavirus could lead to 2020 oil demand dropping by 11 million bpd.
The next OPEC+ JMMC meeting will be held August 18.
The oil sector has a very different future after this price collapse – we can expect further volatility and uncertainty. The volatility is expected to continue in the oil market as the Covid-19 outbreak and slowdown in businesses continues to add pressure to oil prices. Oil is showing slow signs of rebounding in the near-term, and unfortunately there is no quick fix.


newswars--2020-07-20--Emergency Alert: Pelosi Announces Plan To Remove Trump, Make Herself President Under COG Martial Law

Alex Jones breaks down the radical left ’ s coup against America : House Speaker Nancy Pelosi ( D-Calif. ) @ @ @ @ @ leaving the White House “ whether he knows it yet , or not.
” A @ @ @ @ @ hacked into revealing alleged leaked pictures spotlighting the buttons ‘ Trends Blacklist ’ and ‘ @ @ @ @ @ Twitter DOES have the ability to shadowban its users .
Exposing that Twitter CEO Jack @ @ @ @ @ .

Alex Jones breaks down the radical left’s coup against America:
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) claimed President Trump will be leaving the White House “whether he knows it yet, or not.”
Don’t miss:
A Twitter Administration control panel was hacked into revealing alleged leaked pictures spotlighting the buttons ‘Trends Blacklist’ and ‘Search Blacklist’, indicating Twitter DOES have the ability to shadowban its users. Exposing that Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey clearly lied to Congress.


newswars--2020-07-20--‘Disk Detective’ needs your help finding disks where planets form

Planets form from gas and dust particles swirling around baby stars in enormous spinning disks .
But because this process takes millions of years , scientists can only learn about these disks by finding and studying a lot of different examples .
Through a project called Disk Detective , you can help .
Anyone , regardless of background or prior knowledge , can assist scientists in figuring out the mysteries of planet formation .
Disk Detective is an example of citizen science , a collaboration between professional scientists and members of the public .
“ We ’ re trying to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to form , ” said astrophysicist Marc Kuchner , the Disk Detective project lead at NASA ’ s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt , Maryland , and the Citizen Science Officer for NASA ’ s Science Mission Directorate .
“ Tracing the evolution of these disks is the main way that we know how long planet formation takes.
” Disk Detective has just relaunched with a new website and a new dataset of about 150,000 stars .
This new version of the project focuses on M dwarfs , which represent the most @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Way galaxy .
It also concentrates on brown dwarfs , which are balls of gas that don ’ t burn hydrogen the way stars do and often more closely resemble giant planets like Jupiter .
After reading the instructions , participants can start identifying disks right away in Disk Detective .
The interface presents a series of real astronomical images and asks visitors questions that will help determine more definitively if a disk is present .
The images come from NASA ’ s Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer ( WISE ) , which now @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the ground-based Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System ( Pan-STARRS ) in Hawaii and the NASA-funded Two Micron All-Sky Survey ( 2MASS ) , which operated from 1997 to 2001 .
“ We have multiple citizen scientists look at each object , give their own independent opinion , and trust the wisdom of the crowd to decide what things are probably galaxies and what things are probably stars with disks around them , ” said Disk Detective ’ s director , Steven Silverberg , a postdoctoral researcher at Massachusetts Institute of Technology @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Space Research .
Advanced users learn more about the objects they ’ re studying using professional data archives .
Those who contribute substantial insight receive credit on scientific papers describing the discoveries made through Disk Detective ’ s efforts .
Professional scientists then follow up on citizen scientists ’ input using more sophisticated tools and new observations .
Fifteen citizen scientists have already become named co-authors on peer-reviewed scientific papers through Disk Detective .
One enthusiastic Disk Detective “ superuser ” is Hugo Durantini Luca , a computer technician in Córdoba , Argentina @ @ @ @ @ @ @ project in 2014 and since then has taken on additional responsibilities : writing tutorials , moderating discussions , and even helping use telescopes in South America to follow up on interesting targets .
While he became involved because of his interest in detecting planetary systems and analyzing images , he says he highly values “ the way you are able to work with the science team directly.
” He is in frequent communication with Kuchner and other professional astronomers , and he participates in a weekly video call for superusers .
“ I @ @ @ @ @ @ @ interesting new season , ” Durantini Luca said .
“ The new way we are processing the data will allow us to analyze the image [ s ] with better detail.
” Citizen scientists at Disk Detective made an important discovery in 2016 : a new class of disks , called Peter Pan disks .
Most disks around young , low-mass stars should lose their gas , due to planet formation and natural dissipation into space , after 5 million years .
Yet Disk Detective citizen scientists discovered a disk with plenty of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 45 million years old .
Since then , seven similar mysteriously young-looking disks have been found , each at least 20 million years old .
Scientists are still puzzling out why planet formation goes on for so long in these disks .
They predict that citizen scientists may find as many as 15 new Peter Pan disks through the newly revamped Disk Detective .
“ To figure out how disks evolve , we need a big sample of different kinds of disks of different ages , ” Kuchner said .
More recently , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a discovery announced on June 2 at the American Astronomical Society ’ s ( AAS ) 236th meeting , which was held virtually .
With the help of citizen scientists , astronomers identified the closest young brown dwarf disk yet , one that may have the capability to form planets .
This 3.7-million-year-old brown dwarf , called W1200-7845 , is about 333 light-years away .
A light-year is the distance light travels in one year ; the closest star beyond the sun is over 4 light-years away .
“ There are not many @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to the sun , so W1200-7845 is an exciting discovery , ” said Maria Schutte , a predoctoral graduate student at the University of Oklahoma , who led the study and presented the findings at the AAS meeting .
Durantini Luca and other citizen scientists were included as coauthors .
Since the last Disk Detective data release , ESA ’ s ( European Space Agency ’ s ) Gaia satellite has delivered an unprecedented bounty of information about the locations , movements , and types of stars in the Milky Way .
The @ @ @ @ @ @ @ data from Gaia to identify M dwarfs of interest to the project .
A second improvement to the project is that the new images from the surveys listed above have higher resolution than the previous batch of data , making more background objects visible .
“ NASA needs your help , ” Kuchner said .
“ Come discover these disks with us !
”

Planets form from gas and dust particles swirling around baby stars in enormous spinning disks. But because this process takes millions of years, scientists can only learn about these disks by finding and studying a lot of different examples.
Through a project called Disk Detective, you can help. Anyone, regardless of background or prior knowledge, can assist scientists in figuring out the mysteries of planet formation. Disk Detective is an example of citizen science, a collaboration between professional scientists and members of the public.
“We’re trying to understand how long it takes for planets to form,” said astrophysicist Marc Kuchner, the Disk Detective project lead at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and the Citizen Science Officer for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. “Tracing the evolution of these disks is the main way that we know how long planet formation takes.”
Disk Detective has just relaunched with a new website and a new dataset of about 150,000 stars. This new version of the project focuses on M dwarfs, which represent the most common type of star in the Milky Way galaxy. It also concentrates on brown dwarfs, which are balls of gas that don’t burn hydrogen the way stars do and often more closely resemble giant planets like Jupiter.
After reading the instructions, participants can start identifying disks right away in Disk Detective. The interface presents a series of real astronomical images and asks visitors questions that will help determine more definitively if a disk is present. The images come from NASA’s Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), which now operates as NEOWISE, as well as the ground-based Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) in Hawaii and the NASA-funded Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS), which operated from 1997 to 2001.
“We have multiple citizen scientists look at each object, give their own independent opinion, and trust the wisdom of the crowd to decide what things are probably galaxies and what things are probably stars with disks around them,” said Disk Detective’s director, Steven Silverberg, a postdoctoral researcher at Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research.
Advanced users learn more about the objects they’re studying using professional data archives. Those who contribute substantial insight receive credit on scientific papers describing the discoveries made through Disk Detective’s efforts. Professional scientists then follow up on citizen scientists’ input using more sophisticated tools and new observations. Fifteen citizen scientists have already become named co-authors on peer-reviewed scientific papers through Disk Detective.
One enthusiastic Disk Detective “superuser” is Hugo Durantini Luca, a computer technician in Córdoba, Argentina. He began classifying disks with the project in 2014 and since then has taken on additional responsibilities: writing tutorials, moderating discussions, and even helping use telescopes in South America to follow up on interesting targets. While he became involved because of his interest in detecting planetary systems and analyzing images, he says he highly values “the way you are able to work with the science team directly.” He is in frequent communication with Kuchner and other professional astronomers, and he participates in a weekly video call for superusers.
“I think we are going to have an interesting new season,” Durantini Luca said. “The new way we are processing the data will allow us to analyze the image[s] with better detail.”
Citizen scientists at Disk Detective made an important discovery in 2016: a new class of disks, called Peter Pan disks. Most disks around young, low-mass stars should lose their gas, due to planet formation and natural dissipation into space, after 5 million years. Yet Disk Detective citizen scientists discovered a disk with plenty of gas orbiting a star that is roughly 45 million years old.
Since then, seven similar mysteriously young-looking disks have been found, each at least 20 million years old. Scientists are still puzzling out why planet formation goes on for so long in these disks. They predict that citizen scientists may find as many as 15 new Peter Pan disks through the newly revamped Disk Detective.
“To figure out how disks evolve, we need a big sample of different kinds of disks of different ages,” Kuchner said.
More recently, Disk Detective’s efforts resulted in a discovery announced on June 2 at the American Astronomical Society’s (AAS) 236th meeting, which was held virtually. With the help of citizen scientists, astronomers identified the closest young brown dwarf disk yet, one that may have the capability to form planets. This 3.7-million-year-old brown dwarf, called W1200-7845, is about 333 light-years away. A light-year is the distance light travels in one year; the closest star beyond the sun is over 4 light-years away.
“There are not many examples of young brown dwarfs so close to the sun, so W1200-7845 is an exciting discovery,” said Maria Schutte, a predoctoral graduate student at the University of Oklahoma, who led the study and presented the findings at the AAS meeting. Durantini Luca and other citizen scientists were included as coauthors.
Since the last Disk Detective data release, ESA’s (European Space Agency’s) Gaia satellite has delivered an unprecedented bounty of information about the locations, movements, and types of stars in the Milky Way. The Disk Detective science team used the new data from Gaia to identify M dwarfs of interest to the project. A second improvement to the project is that the new images from the surveys listed above have higher resolution than the previous batch of data, making more background objects visible.
“NASA needs your help,” Kuchner said. “Come discover these disks with us!”


newswars--2020-07-20--Photos: China Begins Final Assembly of Next Two Advanced Aircraft Carriers

According to photos and reports emerging from China , the People ’ s Liberation Army Navy ’ s ( PLAN ’ s ) third and fourth aircraft carriers are having their massive hulls assembled simultaneously .
The warships are anticipated to sport electromagnetic catapults , like the US Navy ’ s newest carrier , making them more dangerous than ever .
Photos have emerged on Chinese social media showing the assembly of two massive warships at the Jiangnan Shipyard outside Shanghai , where the PLAN ’ s next two aircraft carriers are being built .
Anonymous , independent sources told @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) they are indeed the first two Type 002 carriers , the first of which will be completed next year .
“ Assembly of the new aircraft carrier has begun and is expected to be completed in the first half of next year , because the COVID-19 pandemic slowed down progress , ” one source told SCMP .
“ Workers are also starting the keel-laying for the new carrier ’ s sister ship .
Both ships have been built by the Jiangnan Shipyard outside Shanghai.
” In the photos , several pieces of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ be seen being slowly fitted together .
Earlier this month , observers noted the arrival of the “ mega-modules ” carrying the pre-assembled pieces into the new shipyard area at the mouth of the Yangtze River .
A second source told the SCMP , “ Construction for the second Type 002 will be faster than the first one because workers have learned and overcome a lot of problems building the first one .
It ’ s a challenging job because the Type 002 is our country ’ s first domestically designed aircraft carrier.
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ work on the first Type 002 began in 2015 and on the second ship in 2018 , although it was paused last year for technical reasons .
The Center for Strategic and International Studies ( CSIS ) think tank in Washington , DC , estimates the ships ’ displacement to be roughly 80,000 tons each , with a 40-meter beam at the waterline .
That ’ s nearly twice the displacement of China ’ s present carriers and comparable to the US Navy ’ s first supercarriers , but not quite the size @ @ @ @ @ @ @ uses today and which clock in at 100,000 tons .
Beijing commissioned its first domestically built aircraft carrier , the Shandong , in December 2019 .
The warship is a close parallel to the Liaoning , China ’ s first carrier , which it bought as an incomplete hull from Ukraine , begun in the final days of the Soviet Union as the Kuznetsov-class carrier Riga .
Russia operates the Liaoning ’ s sister ship , the Admiral Kuznetsov , as its navy ’ s flagship .
However , the new Type 002 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ from the Shandong , which was called the Type 001a before its commissioning , but confusingly also referred to as the Type 002 at times .
One major advance is that the new ships are anticipated to have electromagnetic aircraft catapults to lift their air wings into the skies , rather than the bow “ ski ramp ” system used by the Liaoning and Shandong .
Aircraft catapults mean the Type 002 ’ s warplanes can take off with much more fuel and bombs than before – an important upgrade , since the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the J-15 , suffers major limitations due to its size and weight .
However , recent statements from the Chinese Aeronautical Establishment , the research and development branch of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China , point to the advancement of proposals to make the experimental FC-31 Gyrfalcon stealth fighter into China ’ s primary carrier-borne aircraft , with tests beginning before the end of the year .
However , the US Navy ’ s USS Gerald R. Ford , the only other warship that uses electromagnetic catapults instead of steam catapults , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ reliably .
Hong Kong-based military commentator Liang Guoliang told the SCMP the Type 002 is expected to still be oil-fueled ; by contrast , the US and French navies have carriers powered by nuclear reactors .
Sputnik has previously reported on the PLAN ’ s plans to dramatically expand its carrier forces , not just with large fleet carriers like the Type 002 , but also with several Type 075 landing helicopter docks ( LHDs ) , a type of helicopter carrier with facilities for dispatching thousands of marines and their equipment for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Global Times reported the first Type 075 will soon be ready to stretch its sea legs for the first time , and the second finished construction in April ; the third is under construction at a different Shanghai shipyard than the Type 002s .
Beijing plans to have six aircraft carriers by 2035 , organized into three fleets covering the Yellow Sea , East and South China seas .
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi ( D-Calif. ) claimed President Trump will be leaving the White House “ whether he knows it yet , or @ @ @

According to photos and reports emerging from China, the People’s Liberation Army Navy’s (PLAN’s) third and fourth aircraft carriers are having their massive hulls assembled simultaneously.
The warships are anticipated to sport electromagnetic catapults, like the US Navy’s newest carrier, making them more dangerous than ever.
Photos have emerged on Chinese social media showing the assembly of two massive warships at the Jiangnan Shipyard outside Shanghai, where the PLAN’s next two aircraft carriers are being built. Anonymous, independent sources told the South China Morning Post (SCMP) they are indeed the first two Type 002 carriers, the first of which will be completed next year.
“Assembly of the new aircraft carrier has begun and is expected to be completed in the first half of next year, because the COVID-19 pandemic slowed down progress,” one source told SCMP. “Workers are also starting the keel-laying for the new carrier’s sister ship. Both ships have been built by the Jiangnan Shipyard outside Shanghai.”
In the photos, several pieces of the ships, assembled separately, can be seen being slowly fitted together.
Another minor update from the Type 003 aircraft carrier currently under construction at the Jiangnan Shipyard in Shanghai. (Image via @铁幕君SSS from Weibo) pic.twitter.com/YeJZdhSqrp — @Rupprecht_A (@RupprechtDeino) July 16, 2020
China’s third and fourth aircraft carriers have begun their final assembly in Shanghai (photo from Weibo) pic.twitter.com/SAkXnFoDQR — Morgan Artyukhina (@LavenderNRed) July 20, 2020
Earlier this month, observers noted the arrival of the “mega-modules” carrying the pre-assembled pieces into the new shipyard area at the mouth of the Yangtze River.
And so it begins: 😮 As it seems this is the first confirmed image of one of the Type 003 aircraft carrier’s mega-modules in dry dock no. 4 at the Jiangnan Shipyard in Shanghai. (image via @微博铁幕君SSS at weibo） pic.twitter.com/jv1hqlT2fp — @Rupprecht_A (@RupprechtDeino) July 1, 2020
A second source told the SCMP, “Construction for the second Type 002 will be faster than the first one because workers have learned and overcome a lot of problems building the first one.
It’s a challenging job because the Type 002 is our country’s first domestically designed aircraft carrier.”
The sources told the paper that work on the first Type 002 began in 2015 and on the second ship in 2018, although it was paused last year for technical reasons.
Some minor news from the Type 003 aircraft carrier’s construction site at the Jiangnan Shipyard in Shanghai, … some work is going on under these new movable shelters. 🤔 (Image via 92军迷 at the bbs.meyet.net-Forum) pic.twitter.com/jxUHw00JLh — @Rupprecht_A (@RupprechtDeino) July 3, 2020
The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) think tank in Washington, DC, estimates the ships’ displacement to be roughly 80,000 tons each, with a 40-meter beam at the waterline. That’s nearly twice the displacement of China’s present carriers and comparable to the US Navy’s first supercarriers, but not quite the size of the Nimitz-class and Ford-class carriers Washington uses today and which clock in at 100,000 tons.
Beijing commissioned its first domestically built aircraft carrier, the Shandong, in December 2019. The warship is a close parallel to the Liaoning, China’s first carrier, which it bought as an incomplete hull from Ukraine, begun in the final days of the Soviet Union as the Kuznetsov-class carrier Riga. Russia operates the Liaoning’s sister ship, the Admiral Kuznetsov, as its navy’s flagship.
#China steps up shipbuilding with two more #aircraftcarriers under construction. China aims to equal US naval strength in Pacific, its first domestically developed carrier. Type 002 vessels, advanced electromagnetic aircraft launch system allowing faster, more frequent take-off pic.twitter.com/ArfzRSyqFq — NRao (@kamireddynrao) July 18, 2020
However, the new Type 002 is believed to be a different design from the Shandong, which was called the Type 001a before its commissioning, but confusingly also referred to as the Type 002 at times. One major advance is that the new ships are anticipated to have electromagnetic aircraft catapults to lift their air wings into the skies, rather than the bow “ski ramp” system used by the Liaoning and Shandong.
Aircraft catapults mean the Type 002’s warplanes can take off with much more fuel and bombs than before – an important upgrade, since the staple aircraft of Chinese naval aviation, the J-15, suffers major limitations due to its size and weight. However, recent statements from the Chinese Aeronautical Establishment, the research and development branch of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China, point to the advancement of proposals to make the experimental FC-31 Gyrfalcon stealth fighter into China’s primary carrier-borne aircraft, with tests beginning before the end of the year.
However, the US Navy’s USS Gerald R. Ford, the only other warship that uses electromagnetic catapults instead of steam catapults, has struggled to make the technology work reliably.
Hong Kong-based military commentator Liang Guoliang told the SCMP the Type 002 is expected to still be oil-fueled; by contrast, the US and French navies have carriers powered by nuclear reactors.
Sputnik has previously reported on the PLAN’s plans to dramatically expand its carrier forces, not just with large fleet carriers like the Type 002, but also with several Type 075 landing helicopter docks (LHDs), a type of helicopter carrier with facilities for dispatching thousands of marines and their equipment for an amphibious assault. China’s Global Times reported the first Type 075 will soon be ready to stretch its sea legs for the first time, and the second finished construction in April; the third is under construction at a different Shanghai shipyard than the Type 002s.
Beijing plans to have six aircraft carriers by 2035, organized into three fleets covering the Yellow Sea, East and South China seas.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) claimed President Trump will be leaving the White House “whether he knows it yet, or not.”


newswars--2020-07-20--Could mini-Neptunes be irradiated ocean planets?

Many exoplanets known today are ‘ super-Earths , ’ with a radius 1.3 times that of Earth , and ‘ mini-Neptunes , ’ with 2.4 Earth radii .
Mini-Neptunes , which are less dense , were long thought to be gas planets , made up of hydrogen and helium .
Now , scientists at the Laboratoire d ’ Astrophysique de Marseille ( CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université/Cnes ) have examined a new possibility , namely that the low density of mini-Neptunes could be explained simply by the presence of a thick layer of water that experiences an intense greenhouse effect caused by the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ findings , recently published in Astrophysical Journal Letters , show that mini-Neptunes could be super-Earths with a rocky core surrounded by water in a supercritical state , suggesting that these two types of exoplanet may form in the same way .
Another paper recently published in Astronomy & Astrophysics , involving scientists mainly from the CNRS and the University of Bordeaux , focused on the effect of stellar irradiation on the radius of Earth-sized planets containing water .
Their work shows that the size of the atmospheres of such planets increases considerably when @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in line with the study on mini-Neptunes .
Future observations should make it possible to test these novel hypotheses put forward by French scientists , who are making major contributions to our knowledge of exoplanets .

Many exoplanets known today are ‘super-Earths,’ with a radius 1.3 times that of Earth, and ‘mini-Neptunes,’ with 2.4 Earth radii.
Mini-Neptunes, which are less dense, were long thought to be gas planets, made up of hydrogen and helium. Now, scientists at the Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille (CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université/Cnes) have examined a new possibility, namely that the low density of mini-Neptunes could be explained simply by the presence of a thick layer of water that experiences an intense greenhouse effect caused by the irradiation from their host star.
These findings, recently published in Astrophysical Journal Letters, show that mini-Neptunes could be super-Earths with a rocky core surrounded by water in a supercritical state, suggesting that these two types of exoplanet may form in the same way.
Another paper recently published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, involving scientists mainly from the CNRS and the University of Bordeaux, focused on the effect of stellar irradiation on the radius of Earth-sized planets containing water.
Their work shows that the size of the atmospheres of such planets increases considerably when subject to a strong greenhouse effect, in line with the study on mini-Neptunes. Future observations should make it possible to test these novel hypotheses put forward by French scientists, who are making major contributions to our knowledge of exoplanets.