newswars--2020-04-01--NIH Zinc Fact Sheet

NIH Zinc Fact Sheet

Zinc is an essential mineral that is naturally present in some foods , added to others , and available as a dietary supplement .
Zinc is also found in many cold lozenges and some over-the-counter drugs sold as cold remedies .
Zinc is involved in numerous aspects of cellular metabolism .
It is required for the catalytic activity of approximately 100 enzymes [ 1,2 ] and it plays a role in immune function [ 3,4 ] , protein synthesis [ 4 ] , wound healing [ 5 ] , DNA synthesis [ 2,4 ] , and cell division [ 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and development during pregnancy , childhood , and adolescence [ 6-8 ] and is required for proper sense of taste and smell [ 9 ] .
A daily intake of zinc is required to maintain a steady state because the body has no specialized zinc storage system [ 10 ] .
Intake recommendations for zinc and other nutrients are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes ( DRIs ) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board ( FNB ) at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies ( formerly National Academy of Sciences @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the general term for a set of reference values used for planning and assessing nutrient intakes of healthy people .
These values , which vary by age and gender [ 2 ] , include the following : • Recommended Dietary Allowance ( RDA ) : Average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all ( 97 % –98 % ) healthy individuals ; often used to plan nutritionally adequate diets for individuals .
• Adequate Intake ( AI ) : Intake at this level is assumed to ensure @ @ @ @ @ @ @ insufficient to develop an RDA .
• Estimated Average Requirement ( EAR ) : Average daily level of intake estimated to meet the requirements of 50 % of healthy individuals ; usually used to assess the nutrient intakes of groups of people and to plan nutritionally adequate diets for them ; can also be used to assess the nutrient intakes of individuals .
• Tolerable Upper Intake Level ( UL ) : Maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects .
The current RDAs for zinc are listed in Table 1 [ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to 6 months , the FNB established an AI for zinc that is equivalent to the mean intake of zinc in healthy , breastfed infants .
A wide variety of foods contain zinc ( Table 2 ) [ 2 ] .
Oysters contain more zinc per serving than any other food , but red meat and poultry provide the majority of zinc in the American diet .
Other good food sources include beans , nuts , certain types of seafood ( such as crab and lobster ) , whole grains , fortified breakfast @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ] .
Phytates—which are present in whole-grain breads , cereals , legumes , and other foods—bind zinc and inhibit its absorption [ 2,12,13 ] .
Thus , the bioavailability of zinc from grains and plant foods is lower than that from animal foods , although many grain- and plant-based foods are still good sources of zinc [ 2 ] .
* DV = Daily Value .
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) developed DVs to help consumers compare the nutrient contents of foods and dietary supplements within the context of @ @ @ @ @ @ @ zinc on the new Nutrition Facts and Supplement Facts labels and used for the values in Table 2 is 11 mg for adults and children aged 4 years and older [ 15 ] .
FDA required manufacturers to use these new labels starting in January 2020 , but companies with annual sales of less than $ 10 million may continue to use the old labels that list a zinc DV of 15 mg until January 2021 [ 14,16 ] .
FDA does not require food labels to list zinc content unless zinc has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ providing 20 % or more of the DV are considered to be high sources of a nutrient , but foods providing lower percentages of the DV also contribute to a healthful diet .
The U.S. Department of Agriculture ’ s ( USDA ’ s ) FoodData Central [ 11 ] lists the nutrient content of many foods and provides a comprehensive list of foods containing zinc arranged by nutrient content and by food name .
Supplements contain several forms of zinc , including zinc gluconate , zinc sulfate , and zinc acetate .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ form .
For example , approximately 23 % of zinc sulfate consists of elemental zinc ; thus , 220 mg of zinc sulfate contains 50 mg of elemental zinc .
The elemental zinc content appears in the Supplement Facts panel on the supplement container .
Research has not determined whether differences exist among forms of zinc in absorption , bioavailability , or tolerability .
In addition to standard tablets and capsules , some zinc-containing cold lozenges are labeled as dietary supplements .
Zinc is present in several products , including some labeled as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for the treatment and prevention of colds .
Numerous case reports of anosmia ( loss of the sense of smell ) , in some cases long-lasting or permanent , have been associated with the use of zinc-containing nasal gels or sprays [ 17,18 ] .
In June 2009 , the FDA warned consumers to stop using three zinc-containing intranasal products because they might cause anosmia [ 19 ] .
The manufacturer recalled these products from the marketplace .
Currently , these safety concerns have not been found to be associated with cold lozenges @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in some denture adhesive creams at levels ranging from 17–34 mg/g [ 20 ] .
While use of these products as directed ( 0.5–1.5 g/day ) is not of concern , chronic , excessive use can lead to zinc toxicity , resulting in copper deficiency and neurologic disease .
Such toxicity has been reported in individuals who used 2 or more standard 2.4 oz tubes of denture cream per week [ 20,21 ] .
Many denture creams have now been reformulated to eliminate zinc .
Most infants ( especially those who are formula @ @ @ @ @ @ @ in the United States consume recommended amounts of zinc according to two national surveys , the 1988–1991 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES III ) [ 22 ] and the 1994 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes of Individuals ( CSFII ) [ 23 ] .
However , some evidence suggests that zinc intakes among older adults might be marginal .
An analysis of NHANES III data found that 35 % –45 % of adults aged 60 years or older had zinc intakes below the estimated average requirement of 6.8 mg/day for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ males .
When the investigators considered intakes from both food and dietary supplements , they found that 20 % –25 % of older adults still had inadequate zinc intakes [ 24 ] .
Zinc intakes might also be low in older adults from the 2 % –4 % of U.S. households that are food insufficient ( sometimes or often not having enough food ) [ 25 ] .
Data from NHANES III indicate that adults aged 60 years or older from food-insufficient families had lower intakes of zinc and several other nutrients and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ below 50 % of the RDA on a given day than those from food-sufficient families [ 26 ] .
Zinc deficiency is characterized by growth retardation , loss of appetite , and impaired immune function .
In more severe cases , zinc deficiency causes hair loss , diarrhea , delayed sexual maturation , impotence , hypogonadism in males , and eye and skin lesions [ 2,8,27,28 ] .
Weight loss , delayed healing of wounds , taste abnormalities , and mental lethargy can also occur [ 5,8,29-33 ] .
Many of these symptoms @ @ @ @ @ @ @ health conditions ; therefore , a medical examination is necessary to ascertain whether a zinc deficiency is present .
Zinc nutritional status is difficult to measure adequately using laboratory tests [ 2,34,35 ] due to its distribution throughout the body as a component of various proteins and nucleic acids [ 36 ] .
Plasma or serum zinc levels are the most commonly used indices for evaluating zinc deficiency , but these levels do not necessarily reflect cellular zinc status due to tight homeostatic control mechanisms [ 8 ] .
Clinical effects of zinc @ @ @ @ @ @ @ of abnormal laboratory indices [ 8 ] .
Clinicians consider risk factors ( such as inadequate caloric intake , alcoholism , and digestive diseases ) and symptoms of zinc deficiency ( such as impaired growth in infants and children ) when determining the need for zinc supplementation [ 2 ] .
In North America , overt zinc deficiency is uncommon [ 2 ] .
When zinc deficiency does occur , it is usually due to inadequate zinc intake or absorption , increased losses of zinc from the body , or increased requirements for @ @ @ @ @ @ @ risk of zinc deficiency or inadequacy need to include good sources of zinc in their daily diets .
Supplemental zinc might also be appropriate in certain situations .
People with gastrointestinal and other diseases Gastrointestinal surgery and digestive disorders ( such as ulcerative colitis , Crohn ’ s disease , and short bowel syndrome ) can decrease zinc absorption and increase endogenous zinc losses primarily from the gastrointestinal tract and , to a lesser extent , from the kidney [ 2,29,38,39 ] .
Other diseases associated with zinc deficiency include malabsorption syndrome , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , sickle cell disease , diabetes , malignancy , and other chronic illnesses [ 40 ] .
Chronic diarrhea also leads to excessive loss of zinc [ 27 ] .
The bioavailability of zinc from vegetarian diets is lower than from non-vegetarian diets because vegetarians do not eat meat , which is high in bioavailable zinc and may enhance zinc absorption .
In addition , vegetarians typically eat high levels of legumes and whole grains , which contain phytates that bind zinc and inhibit its absorption [ 34,41 ] .
Vegetarians sometimes require @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the RDA for zinc than non-vegetarians [ 2 ] .
In addition , they might benefit from using certain food preparation techniques that reduce the binding of zinc by phytates and increase its bioavailability .
Techniques to increase zinc bioavailability include soaking beans , grains , and seeds in water for several hours before cooking them and allowing them to sit after soaking until sprouts form [ 41 ] .
Vegetarians can also increase their zinc intake by consuming more leavened grain products ( such as bread ) than unleavened products ( such @ @ @ @ @ @ @ down the phytate ; thus , the body absorbs more zinc from leavened grains than unleavened grains .
Pregnant women , particularly those starting their pregnancy with marginal zinc status , are at increased risk of becoming zinc insufficient due , in part , to high fetal requirements for zinc [ 42 ] .
Lactation can also deplete maternal zinc stores [ 43 ] .
For these reasons , the RDA for zinc is higher for pregnant and lactating women than for other women ( see Table 1 ) [ 2 ] .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ mg/day ) for the first 4–6 months of life but does not provide recommended amounts of zinc for infants aged 7–12 months , who need 3 mg/day [ 2,36 ] .
In addition to breast milk , infants aged 7–12 months should consume age-appropriate foods or formula containing zinc [ 2 ] .
Zinc supplementation has improved the growth rate in some children who demonstrate mild-to-moderate growth failure and who have a zinc deficiency [ 27,44 ] .
Results from a large cross-sectional survey suggest that 44 % of children with sickle cell @ @ @ @ @ @ @ [ 45 ] , possibly due to increased nutrient requirements and/or poor nutritional status [ 46 ] .
Zinc deficiency also affects approximately 60 % –70 % of adults with sickle cell disease [ 47 ] .
Zinc supplementation has been shown to improve growth in children with sickle cell disease [ 46 ] .
Approximately 30 % –50 % of alcoholics have low zinc status because ethanol consumption decreases intestinal absorption of zinc and increases urinary zinc excretion [ 47 ] .
In addition , the variety and amount of food consumed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ to inadequate zinc intake [ 2,49,50 ] .
Severe zinc deficiency depresses immune function [ 51 ] , and even mild to moderate degrees of zinc deficiency can impair macrophage and neutrophil functions , natural killer cell activity , and complement activity [ 52 ] .
The body requires zinc to develop and activate T-lymphocytes [ 2,53 ] .
Individuals with low zinc levels have shown reduced lymphocyte proliferation response to mitogens and other adverse alterations in immunity that can be corrected by zinc supplementation [ 52,54 ] .
These alterations in immune @ @ @ @ @ @ @ has been associated with increased susceptibility to pneumonia and other infections in children in developing countries and the elderly [ 55-58 ] .
Zinc helps maintain the integrity of skin and mucosal membranes [ 52 ] .
Patients with chronic leg ulcers have abnormal zinc metabolism and low serum zinc levels [ 59 ] , and clinicians frequently treat skin ulcers with zinc supplements [ 60 ] .
The authors of a systematic review concluded that zinc sulfate might be effective for treating leg ulcers in some patients who have low serum zinc @ @ @ @ @ @ @ research has not shown that the general use of zinc sulfate in patients with chronic leg ulcers or arterial or venous ulcers is effective [ 61,62 ] .
Acute diarrhea is associated with high rates of mortality among children in developing countries [ 63 ] .
Zinc deficiency causes alterations in immune response that probably contribute to increased susceptibility to infections , such as those that cause diarrhea , especially in children [ 52 ] .
Studies show that poor , malnourished children in India , Africa , South America , and Southeast @ @ @ @ @ @ @ after taking zinc supplements [ 64 ] .
The children in these studies received 4–40 mg of zinc a day in the form of zinc acetate , zinc gluconate , or zinc sulfate [ 64 ] .
In addition , results from a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials of zinc supplementation in developing countries suggest that zinc helps reduce the duration and severity of diarrhea in zinc-deficient or otherwise malnourished children [ 65 ] .
Similar findings were reported in a meta-analysis published in 2008 and a 2007 review of zinc supplementation @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ] .
The effects of zinc supplementation on diarrhea in children with adequate zinc status , such as most children in the United States , are not clear .
The World Health Organization and UNICEF now recommend short-term zinc supplementation ( 20 mg of zinc per day , or 10 mg for infants under 6 months , for 10–14 days ) to treat acute childhood diarrhea [ 63 ] .
Researchers have hypothesized that zinc could reduce the severity and duration of cold symptoms by directly inhibiting rhinovirus binding and replication in the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ] .
Although studies examining the effect of zinc treatment on cold symptoms have had somewhat conflicting results , overall zinc appears to be beneficial under certain circumstances .
Several studies are described below in which zinc is administered as a lozenge or zinc-containing syrup that temporarily “ sticks ” in the mouth and throat .
This allows zinc to make contact with the rhinovirus in those areas .
In a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial , 50 subjects ( within 24 hours of developing the common cold ) took a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) or placebo every 2–3 wakeful hours .
Compared with placebo , the zinc lozenges significantly reduced the duration of cold symptoms ( cough , nasal discharge , and muscle aches ) [ 70 ] .
In another clinical trial involving 273 participants with experimentally induced colds , zinc gluconate lozenges ( providing 13.3 mg zinc ) significantly reduced the duration of illness compared with placebo but had no effect on symptom severity [ 71 ] .
However , treatment with zinc acetate lozenges ( providing 5 or 11.5 mg zinc ) had @ @ @ @ @ @ @ severity .
Neither zinc gluconate nor zinc acetate lozenges affected the duration or severity of cold symptoms in 281 subjects with natural ( not experimentally induced ) colds in another trial [ 71 ] .
In 77 participants with natural colds , a combination of zinc gluconate nasal spray and zinc orotate lozenges ( 37 mg zinc every 2–3 wakeful hours ) was also found to have no effect on the number of asymptomatic patients after 7 days of treatment [ 72 ] .
In September of 2007 , Caruso and colleagues published @ @ @ @ @ @ @ zinc lozenges , nasal sprays , and nasal gels on the common cold [ 69 ] .
Of the 14 randomized , placebo-controlled studies included , 7 ( 5 using zinc lozenges , 2 using a nasal gel ) showed that the zinc treatment had a beneficial effect and 7 ( 5 using zinc lozenges , 1 using a nasal spray , and 1 using lozenges and a nasal spray ) showed no effect .
More recently , a Cochrane review concluded that “ zinc ( lozenges or syrup ) is beneficial in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ common cold in healthy people , when taken within 24 hours of onset of symptoms ” [ 73 ] .
The author of another review completed in 2004 also concluded that zinc can reduce the duration and severity of cold symptoms [ 68 ] .
However , more research is needed to determine the optimal dosage , zinc formulation and duration of treatment before a general recommendation for zinc in the treatment of the common cold can be made [ 73 ] .
As previously noted , the safety of intranasal zinc has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ reports of anosmia ( loss of smell ) , in some cases long-lasting or permanent , from the use of zinc-containing nasal gels or sprays [ 17-19 ] .
Researchers have suggested that both zinc and antioxidants delay the progression of age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) and vision loss , possibly by preventing cellular damage in the retina [ 74,75 ] .
In a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands , high dietary intake of zinc as well as beta carotene , vitamin C , and vitamin E was associated with reduced @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 76 ] .
However , the authors of a systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2007 concluded that zinc is not effective for the primary prevention of early AMD [ 77 ] , although zinc might reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD .
The Age-Related Eye Disease Study ( AREDS ) , a large , randomized , placebo-controlled , clinical trial ( n = 3,597 ) , evaluated the effect of high doses of selected antioxidants ( 500 mg vitamin C , 400 IU vitamin E , and 15 mg beta-carotene @ @ @ @ @ @ @ mg as zinc oxide ) on the development of advanced AMD in older individuals with varying degrees of AMD [ 75 ] .
Participants also received 2 mg copper to prevent the copper deficiency associated with high zinc intakes .
After an average follow-up period of 6.3 years , supplementation with antioxidants plus zinc ( but not antioxidants alone ) significantly reduced the risk of developing advanced AMD and reduced visual acuity loss .
Zinc supplementation alone significantly reduced the risk of developing advanced AMD in subjects at higher risk but not in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ loss was not significantly affected by zinc supplementation alone .
A follow-up AREDS2 study confirmed the value of this supplement in reducing the progression of AMD over a median follow-up period of 5 years [ 78 ] .
Importantly , AREDS2 revealed that a formulation providing 25 mg zinc ( about one-third the amount in the original AREDS formulation ) provided the same protective effect against developing advanced AMD .
Two other small clinical trials evaluated the effects of supplementation with 200 mg zinc sulfate ( providing 45 mg zinc ) for 2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ degeneration .
Zinc supplementation significantly reduced visual acuity loss in one of the studies [ 79 ] but had no effect in the other [ 80 ] .
A Cochrane review concluded that the evidence supporting the use of antioxidant vitamins and zinc for AMD comes primarily from the AREDS study [ 74 ] .
Individuals who have or are developing AMD should talk to their healthcare provider about taking a zinc-containing AREDS supplement .
Iron-deficiency anemia is a serious world-wide public health problem .
Iron fortification programs have been credited with improving @ @ @ @ @ @ @ , infants , and children .
Fortification of foods with iron does not significantly affect zinc absorption .
However , large amounts of supplemental iron ( greater than 25 mg ) might decrease zinc absorption [ 2,81 ] .
Taking iron supplements between meals helps decrease its effect on zinc absorption [ 81 ] .
High zinc intakes can inhibit copper absorption , sometimes producing copper deficiency and associated anemia [ 82,83 ] .
For this reason , dietary supplement formulations containing high levels of zinc , such as the one used in @ @ @ @ @ @ @ sometimes contain copper .
Zinc toxicity can occur in both acute and chronic forms .
Acute adverse effects of high zinc intake include nausea , vomiting , loss of appetite , abdominal cramps , diarrhea , and headaches [ 2 ] .
One case report cited severe nausea and vomiting within 30 minutes of ingesting 4 g of zinc gluconate ( 570 mg elemental zinc ) [ 84 ] .
Intakes of 150–450 mg of zinc per day have been associated with such chronic effects as low copper status , altered iron function @ @ @ @ @ @ @ levels of high-density lipoproteins [ 85 ] .
Reductions in a copper-containing enzyme , a marker of copper status , have been reported with even moderately high zinc intakes of approximately 60 mg/day for up to 10 weeks [ 2 ] .
The doses of zinc used in the AREDS study ( 80 mg per day of zinc in the form of zinc oxide for 6.3 years , on average ) have been associated with a significant increase in hospitalizations for genitourinary causes , raising the possibility that chronically high intakes of zinc @ @ @ @ @ @ @ [ 86 ] .
The FNB has established ULs for zinc ( Table 3 ) .
Long-term intakes above the UL increase the risk of adverse health effects [ 2 ] .
The ULs do not apply to individuals receiving zinc for medical treatment , but such individuals should be under the care of a physician who monitors them for adverse health effects .
Zinc supplements have the potential to interact with several types of medications .
A few examples are provided below .
Individuals taking these medications on a regular basis should @ @ @ @ @ @ @ providers .
Both quinolone antibiotics ( such as Cipro® ) and tetracycline antibiotics ( such as Achromycin® and Sumycin® ) interact with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract , inhibiting the absorption of both zinc and the antibiotic [ 87,88 ] .
Taking the antibiotic at least 2 hours before or 4–6 hours after taking a zinc supplement minimizes this interaction [ 89 ] .
Zinc can reduce the absorption and action of penicillamine , a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis [ 90 ] .
To minimize this interaction , individuals should take @ @ @ @ @ @ @ or after taking penicillamine [ 88 ] .
Thiazide diuretics such as chlorthalidone ( Hygroton® ) and hydrochlorothiazide ( Esidrix® and HydroDIURIL® ) increase urinary zinc excretion by as much as 60 % [ 91 ] .
Prolonged use of thiazide diuretics could deplete zinc tissue levels , so clinicians should monitor zinc status in patients taking these medications .
The federal government ’ s 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans notes that “ Nutritional needs should be met primarily from foods .
… Foods in nutrient-dense forms contain essential vitamins and minerals and @ @ @ @ @ @ @ substances that may have positive health effects .
In some cases , fortified foods and dietary supplements may be useful in providing one or more nutrients that otherwise may be consumed in less-than-recommended amounts.
” For more information about building a healthy diet , refer to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the U.S. Department of Agriculture ’ s MyPlate .
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans describes a healthy eating pattern as one that : • Includes a variety of vegetables , fruits , whole grains , fat-free or low-fat milk and milk @ @ @ @ @ @ @ and milk products are good sources of zinc .
Many ready-to-eat breakfast cereals are fortified with zinc .
• Includes a variety of protein foods , including seafood , lean meats and poultry , eggs , legumes ( beans and peas ) , nuts , seeds , and soy products .
Oysters , red meat , and poultry are excellent sources of zinc .
Baked beans , chickpeas , and nuts ( such as cashews and almonds ) also contain zinc .
• Stays within your daily calorie needs .

Introduction
Zinc is an essential mineral that is naturally present in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. Zinc is also found in many cold lozenges and some over-the-counter drugs sold as cold remedies.
Zinc is involved in numerous aspects of cellular metabolism. It is required for the catalytic activity of approximately 100 enzymes [1,2] and it plays a role in immune function [3,4], protein synthesis [4], wound healing [5], DNA synthesis [2,4], and cell division [4]. Zinc also supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence [6-8] and is required for proper sense of taste and smell [9]. A daily intake of zinc is required to maintain a steady state because the body has no specialized zinc storage system [10].
Recommended Intakes
Intake recommendations for zinc and other nutrients are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (formerly National Academy of Sciences) [2]. DRI is the general term for a set of reference values used for planning and assessing nutrient intakes of healthy people. These values, which vary by age and gender [2], include the following:
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): Average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%–98%) healthy individuals; often used to plan nutritionally adequate diets for individuals.
Adequate Intake (AI): Intake at this level is assumed to ensure nutritional adequacy; established when evidence is insufficient to develop an RDA.
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR): Average daily level of intake estimated to meet the requirements of 50% of healthy individuals; usually used to assess the nutrient intakes of groups of people and to plan nutritionally adequate diets for them; can also be used to assess the nutrient intakes of individuals.
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL): Maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects.
The current RDAs for zinc are listed in Table 1 [2]. For infants aged 0 to 6 months, the FNB established an AI for zinc that is equivalent to the mean intake of zinc in healthy, breastfed infants.
Table 1: Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Zinc [2] Age Male Female Pregnancy Lactation 0–6 months 2 mg* 2 mg* 7–12 months 3 mg 3 mg 1–3 years 3 mg 3 mg 4–8 years 5 mg 5 mg 9–13 years 8 mg 8 mg 14–18 years 11 mg 9 mg 12 mg 13 mg 19+ years 11 mg 8 mg 11 mg 12 mg
* Adequate Intake (AI)
Sources of Zinc
Food
A wide variety of foods contain zinc (Table 2) [2]. Oysters contain more zinc per serving than any other food, but red meat and poultry provide the majority of zinc in the American diet. Other good food sources include beans, nuts, certain types of seafood (such as crab and lobster), whole grains, fortified breakfast cereals, and dairy products [2,11].
Phytates—which are present in whole-grain breads, cereals, legumes, and other foods—bind zinc and inhibit its absorption [2,12,13]. Thus, the bioavailability of zinc from grains and plant foods is lower than that from animal foods, although many grain- and plant-based foods are still good sources of zinc [2].
Table 2: Selected Food Sources of Zinc [11] Food Milligrams (mg)
per serving Percent DV* Oysters, cooked, breaded and fried, 3 ounces 74.0 673 Beef chuck roast, braised, 3 ounces 7.0 64 Crab, Alaska king, cooked, 3 ounces 6.5 59 Beef patty, broiled, 3 ounces 5.3 48 Lobster, cooked, 3 ounces 3.4 31 Pork chop, loin, cooked, 3 ounces 2.9 26 Baked beans, canned, plain or vegetarian, ½ cup 2.9 26 Breakfast cereal, fortified with 25% of the DV for zinc, 1 serving 2.8 25 Chicken, dark meat, cooked, 3 ounces 2.4 22 Pumpkin seeds, dried, 1 ounce 2.2 20 Yogurt, fruit, low fat, 8 ounces 1.7 15 Cashews, dry roasted, 1 ounce 1.6 15 Chickpeas, cooked, ½ cup 1.3 12 Cheese, Swiss, 1 ounce 1.2 11 Oatmeal, instant, plain, prepared with water, 1 packet 1.1 10 Milk, low-fat or non fat, 1 cup 1.0 9 Almonds, dry roasted, 1 ounce 0.9 8 Kidney beans, cooked, ½ cup 0.9 8 Chicken breast, roasted, skin removed, ½ breast 0.9 8 Cheese, cheddar or mozzarella, 1 ounce 0.9 8 Peas, green, frozen, cooked, ½ cup 0.5 5 Flounder or sole, cooked, 3 ounces 0.3 3
* DV = Daily Value. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed DVs to help consumers compare the nutrient contents of foods and dietary supplements within the context of a total diet. The DV for zinc on the new Nutrition Facts and Supplement Facts labels and used for the values in Table 2 is 11 mg for adults and children aged 4 years and older [15]. FDA required manufacturers to use these new labels starting in January 2020, but companies with annual sales of less than $10 million may continue to use the old labels that list a zinc DV of 15 mg until January 2021 [14,16]. FDA does not require food labels to list zinc content unless zinc has been added to the food. Foods providing 20% or more of the DV are considered to be high sources of a nutrient, but foods providing lower percentages of the DV also contribute to a healthful diet.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) FoodData Central [11] lists the nutrient content of many foods and provides a comprehensive list of foods containing zinc arranged by nutrient content and by food name.
Dietary supplements
Supplements contain several forms of zinc, including zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate, and zinc acetate. The percentage of elemental zinc varies by form. For example, approximately 23% of zinc sulfate consists of elemental zinc; thus, 220 mg of zinc sulfate contains 50 mg of elemental zinc. The elemental zinc content appears in the Supplement Facts panel on the supplement container. Research has not determined whether differences exist among forms of zinc in absorption, bioavailability, or tolerability.
In addition to standard tablets and capsules, some zinc-containing cold lozenges are labeled as dietary supplements.
Other sources
Zinc is present in several products, including some labeled as homeopathic medications, sold over the counter for the treatment and prevention of colds. Numerous case reports of anosmia (loss of the sense of smell), in some cases long-lasting or permanent, have been associated with the use of zinc-containing nasal gels or sprays [17,18]. In June 2009, the FDA warned consumers to stop using three zinc-containing intranasal products because they might cause anosmia [19]. The manufacturer recalled these products from the marketplace. Currently, these safety concerns have not been found to be associated with cold lozenges containing zinc.
Zinc is also present in some denture adhesive creams at levels ranging from 17–34 mg/g [20]. While use of these products as directed (0.5–1.5 g/day) is not of concern, chronic, excessive use can lead to zinc toxicity, resulting in copper deficiency and neurologic disease. Such toxicity has been reported in individuals who used 2 or more standard 2.4 oz tubes of denture cream per week [20,21]. Many denture creams have now been reformulated to eliminate zinc.
Zinc Intakes and Status
Most infants (especially those who are formula fed), children, and adults in the United States consume recommended amounts of zinc according to two national surveys, the 1988–1991 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) [22] and the 1994 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes of Individuals (CSFII) [23].
However, some evidence suggests that zinc intakes among older adults might be marginal. An analysis of NHANES III data found that 35%–45% of adults aged 60 years or older had zinc intakes below the estimated average requirement of 6.8 mg/day for elderly females and 9.4 mg/day for elderly males. When the investigators considered intakes from both food and dietary supplements, they found that 20%–25% of older adults still had inadequate zinc intakes [24].
Zinc intakes might also be low in older adults from the 2%–4% of U.S. households that are food insufficient (sometimes or often not having enough food) [25]. Data from NHANES III indicate that adults aged 60 years or older from food-insufficient families had lower intakes of zinc and several other nutrients and were more likely to have zinc intakes below 50% of the RDA on a given day than those from food-sufficient families [26].
Zinc Deficiency
Zinc deficiency is characterized by growth retardation, loss of appetite, and impaired immune function. In more severe cases, zinc deficiency causes hair loss, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation, impotence, hypogonadism in males, and eye and skin lesions [2,8,27,28]. Weight loss, delayed healing of wounds, taste abnormalities, and mental lethargy can also occur [5,8,29-33]. Many of these symptoms are non-specific and often associated with other health conditions; therefore, a medical examination is necessary to ascertain whether a zinc deficiency is present.
Zinc nutritional status is difficult to measure adequately using laboratory tests [2,34,35] due to its distribution throughout the body as a component of various proteins and nucleic acids [36]. Plasma or serum zinc levels are the most commonly used indices for evaluating zinc deficiency, but these levels do not necessarily reflect cellular zinc status due to tight homeostatic control mechanisms [8]. Clinical effects of zinc deficiency can be present in the absence of abnormal laboratory indices [8]. Clinicians consider risk factors (such as inadequate caloric intake, alcoholism, and digestive diseases) and symptoms of zinc deficiency (such as impaired growth in infants and children) when determining the need for zinc supplementation [2].
Groups at Risk of Zinc Inadequacy
In North America, overt zinc deficiency is uncommon [2]. When zinc deficiency does occur, it is usually due to inadequate zinc intake or absorption, increased losses of zinc from the body, or increased requirements for zinc [29,30,37]. People at risk of zinc deficiency or inadequacy need to include good sources of zinc in their daily diets. Supplemental zinc might also be appropriate in certain situations.
People with gastrointestinal and other diseases
Gastrointestinal surgery and digestive disorders (such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and short bowel syndrome) can decrease zinc absorption and increase endogenous zinc losses primarily from the gastrointestinal tract and, to a lesser extent, from the kidney [2,29,38,39]. Other diseases associated with zinc deficiency include malabsorption syndrome, chronic liver disease, chronic renal disease, sickle cell disease, diabetes, malignancy, and other chronic illnesses [40]. Chronic diarrhea also leads to excessive loss of zinc [27].
Vegetarians
The bioavailability of zinc from vegetarian diets is lower than from non-vegetarian diets because vegetarians do not eat meat, which is high in bioavailable zinc and may enhance zinc absorption. In addition, vegetarians typically eat high levels of legumes and whole grains, which contain phytates that bind zinc and inhibit its absorption [34,41].
Vegetarians sometimes require as much as 50% more of the RDA for zinc than non-vegetarians [2]. In addition, they might benefit from using certain food preparation techniques that reduce the binding of zinc by phytates and increase its bioavailability. Techniques to increase zinc bioavailability include soaking beans, grains, and seeds in water for several hours before cooking them and allowing them to sit after soaking until sprouts form [41]. Vegetarians can also increase their zinc intake by consuming more leavened grain products (such as bread) than unleavened products (such as crackers) because leavening partially breaks down the phytate; thus, the body absorbs more zinc from leavened grains than unleavened grains.
Pregnant and lactating women
Pregnant women, particularly those starting their pregnancy with marginal zinc status, are at increased risk of becoming zinc insufficient due, in part, to high fetal requirements for zinc [42]. Lactation can also deplete maternal zinc stores [43]. For these reasons, the RDA for zinc is higher for pregnant and lactating women than for other women (see Table 1) [2].
Older infants who are exclusively breastfed
Breast milk provides sufficient zinc (2 mg/day) for the first 4–6 months of life but does not provide recommended amounts of zinc for infants aged 7–12 months, who need 3 mg/day [2,36]. In addition to breast milk, infants aged 7–12 months should consume age-appropriate foods or formula containing zinc [2]. Zinc supplementation has improved the growth rate in some children who demonstrate mild-to-moderate growth failure and who have a zinc deficiency [27,44].
People with sickle cell disease
Results from a large cross-sectional survey suggest that 44% of children with sickle cell disease have a low plasma zinc concentration [45], possibly due to increased nutrient requirements and/or poor nutritional status [46]. Zinc deficiency also affects approximately 60%–70% of adults with sickle cell disease [47]. Zinc supplementation has been shown to improve growth in children with sickle cell disease [46].
Alcoholics
Approximately 30%–50% of alcoholics have low zinc status because ethanol consumption decreases intestinal absorption of zinc and increases urinary zinc excretion [47]. In addition, the variety and amount of food consumed by many alcoholics is limited, leading to inadequate zinc intake [2,49,50].
Zinc and Health
Immune function
Severe zinc deficiency depresses immune function [51], and even mild to moderate degrees of zinc deficiency can impair macrophage and neutrophil functions, natural killer cell activity, and complement activity [52]. The body requires zinc to develop and activate T-lymphocytes [2,53]. Individuals with low zinc levels have shown reduced lymphocyte proliferation response to mitogens and other adverse alterations in immunity that can be corrected by zinc supplementation [52,54]. These alterations in immune function might explain why low zinc status has been associated with increased susceptibility to pneumonia and other infections in children in developing countries and the elderly [55-58].
Wound healing
Zinc helps maintain the integrity of skin and mucosal membranes [52]. Patients with chronic leg ulcers have abnormal zinc metabolism and low serum zinc levels [59], and clinicians frequently treat skin ulcers with zinc supplements [60]. The authors of a systematic review concluded that zinc sulfate might be effective for treating leg ulcers in some patients who have low serum zinc levels [61,62]. However, research has not shown that the general use of zinc sulfate in patients with chronic leg ulcers or arterial or venous ulcers is effective [61,62].
Diarrhea
Acute diarrhea is associated with high rates of mortality among children in developing countries [63]. Zinc deficiency causes alterations in immune response that probably contribute to increased susceptibility to infections, such as those that cause diarrhea, especially in children [52].
Studies show that poor, malnourished children in India, Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia experience shorter courses of infectious diarrhea after taking zinc supplements [64]. The children in these studies received 4–40 mg of zinc a day in the form of zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, or zinc sulfate [64].
In addition, results from a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials of zinc supplementation in developing countries suggest that zinc helps reduce the duration and severity of diarrhea in zinc-deficient or otherwise malnourished children [65]. Similar findings were reported in a meta-analysis published in 2008 and a 2007 review of zinc supplementation for preventing and treating diarrhea [66,67]. The effects of zinc supplementation on diarrhea in children with adequate zinc status, such as most children in the United States, are not clear.
The World Health Organization and UNICEF now recommend short-term zinc supplementation (20 mg of zinc per day, or 10 mg for infants under 6 months, for 10–14 days) to treat acute childhood diarrhea [63].
The common cold
Researchers have hypothesized that zinc could reduce the severity and duration of cold symptoms by directly inhibiting rhinovirus binding and replication in the nasal mucosa and suppressing inflammation [68,69]. Although studies examining the effect of zinc treatment on cold symptoms have had somewhat conflicting results, overall zinc appears to be beneficial under certain circumstances. Several studies are described below in which zinc is administered as a lozenge or zinc-containing syrup that temporarily “sticks” in the mouth and throat. This allows zinc to make contact with the rhinovirus in those areas.
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 50 subjects (within 24 hours of developing the common cold) took a zinc acetate lozenge (13.3 mg zinc) or placebo every 2–3 wakeful hours. Compared with placebo, the zinc lozenges significantly reduced the duration of cold symptoms (cough, nasal discharge, and muscle aches) [70].
In another clinical trial involving 273 participants with experimentally induced colds, zinc gluconate lozenges (providing 13.3 mg zinc) significantly reduced the duration of illness compared with placebo but had no effect on symptom severity [71]. However, treatment with zinc acetate lozenges (providing 5 or 11.5 mg zinc) had no effect on either cold duration or severity. Neither zinc gluconate nor zinc acetate lozenges affected the duration or severity of cold symptoms in 281 subjects with natural (not experimentally induced) colds in another trial [71].
In 77 participants with natural colds, a combination of zinc gluconate nasal spray and zinc orotate lozenges (37 mg zinc every 2–3 wakeful hours) was also found to have no effect on the number of asymptomatic patients after 7 days of treatment [72].
In September of 2007, Caruso and colleagues published a structured review of the effects of zinc lozenges, nasal sprays, and nasal gels on the common cold [69]. Of the 14 randomized, placebo-controlled studies included, 7 (5 using zinc lozenges, 2 using a nasal gel) showed that the zinc treatment had a beneficial effect and 7 (5 using zinc lozenges, 1 using a nasal spray, and 1 using lozenges and a nasal spray) showed no effect.
More recently, a Cochrane review concluded that “zinc (lozenges or syrup) is beneficial in reducing the duration and severity of the common cold in healthy people, when taken within 24 hours of onset of symptoms” [73]. The author of another review completed in 2004 also concluded that zinc can reduce the duration and severity of cold symptoms [68]. However, more research is needed to determine the optimal dosage, zinc formulation and duration of treatment before a general recommendation for zinc in the treatment of the common cold can be made [73].
As previously noted, the safety of intranasal zinc has been called into question because of numerous reports of anosmia (loss of smell), in some cases long-lasting or permanent, from the use of zinc-containing nasal gels or sprays [17-19].
Age-related macular degeneration
Researchers have suggested that both zinc and antioxidants delay the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and vision loss, possibly by preventing cellular damage in the retina [74,75]. In a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands, high dietary intake of zinc as well as beta carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E was associated with reduced risk of AMD in elderly subjects [76]. However, the authors of a systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2007 concluded that zinc is not effective for the primary prevention of early AMD [77], although zinc might reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD.
The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), a large, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial (n = 3,597), evaluated the effect of high doses of selected antioxidants (500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, and 15 mg beta-carotene) with or without zinc (80 mg as zinc oxide) on the development of advanced AMD in older individuals with varying degrees of AMD [75]. Participants also received 2 mg copper to prevent the copper deficiency associated with high zinc intakes. After an average follow-up period of 6.3 years, supplementation with antioxidants plus zinc (but not antioxidants alone) significantly reduced the risk of developing advanced AMD and reduced visual acuity loss. Zinc supplementation alone significantly reduced the risk of developing advanced AMD in subjects at higher risk but not in the total study population. Visual acuity loss was not significantly affected by zinc supplementation alone. A follow-up AREDS2 study confirmed the value of this supplement in reducing the progression of AMD over a median follow-up period of 5 years [78]. Importantly, AREDS2 revealed that a formulation providing 25 mg zinc (about one-third the amount in the original AREDS formulation) provided the same protective effect against developing advanced AMD.
Two other small clinical trials evaluated the effects of supplementation with 200 mg zinc sulfate (providing 45 mg zinc) for 2 years in subjects with drusen or macular degeneration. Zinc supplementation significantly reduced visual acuity loss in one of the studies [79] but had no effect in the other [80].
A Cochrane review concluded that the evidence supporting the use of antioxidant vitamins and zinc for AMD comes primarily from the AREDS study [74]. Individuals who have or are developing AMD should talk to their healthcare provider about taking a zinc-containing AREDS supplement.
Interactions with iron and copper
Iron-deficiency anemia is a serious world-wide public health problem. Iron fortification programs have been credited with improving the iron status of millions of women, infants, and children. Fortification of foods with iron does not significantly affect zinc absorption. However, large amounts of supplemental iron (greater than 25 mg) might decrease zinc absorption [2,81]. Taking iron supplements between meals helps decrease its effect on zinc absorption [81].
High zinc intakes can inhibit copper absorption, sometimes producing copper deficiency and associated anemia [82,83]. For this reason, dietary supplement formulations containing high levels of zinc, such as the one used in the AREDS study [75], sometimes contain copper.
Health Risks from Excessive Zinc
Zinc toxicity can occur in both acute and chronic forms. Acute adverse effects of high zinc intake include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and headaches [2]. One case report cited severe nausea and vomiting within 30 minutes of ingesting 4 g of zinc gluconate (570 mg elemental zinc) [84]. Intakes of 150–450 mg of zinc per day have been associated with such chronic effects as low copper status, altered iron function, reduced immune function, and reduced levels of high-density lipoproteins [85]. Reductions in a copper-containing enzyme, a marker of copper status, have been reported with even moderately high zinc intakes of approximately 60 mg/day for up to 10 weeks [2]. The doses of zinc used in the AREDS study (80 mg per day of zinc in the form of zinc oxide for 6.3 years, on average) have been associated with a significant increase in hospitalizations for genitourinary causes, raising the possibility that chronically high intakes of zinc adversely affect some aspects of urinary physiology [86].
The FNB has established ULs for zinc (Table 3). Long-term intakes above the UL increase the risk of adverse health effects [2]. The ULs do not apply to individuals receiving zinc for medical treatment, but such individuals should be under the care of a physician who monitors them for adverse health effects.
Table 3: Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) for Zinc [2] Age Male Female Pregnant Lactating 0–6 months 4 mg 4 mg 7–12 months 5 mg 5 mg 1–3 years 7 mg 7 mg 4–8 years 12 mg 12 mg 9–13 years 23 mg 23 mg 14–18 years 34 mg 34 mg 34 mg 34 mg 19+ years 40 mg 40 mg 40 mg 40 mg
Interactions with Medications
Zinc supplements have the potential to interact with several types of medications. A few examples are provided below. Individuals taking these medications on a regular basis should discuss their zinc intakes with their healthcare providers.
Antibiotics
Both quinolone antibiotics (such as Cipro®) and tetracycline antibiotics (such as Achromycin® and Sumycin®) interact with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, inhibiting the absorption of both zinc and the antibiotic [87,88]. Taking the antibiotic at least 2 hours before or 4–6 hours after taking a zinc supplement minimizes this interaction [89].
Penicillamine
Zinc can reduce the absorption and action of penicillamine, a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis [90]. To minimize this interaction, individuals should take zinc supplements at least 2 hours before or after taking penicillamine [88].
Diuretics
Thiazide diuretics such as chlorthalidone (Hygroton®) and hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix® and HydroDIURIL®) increase urinary zinc excretion by as much as 60% [91]. Prolonged use of thiazide diuretics could deplete zinc tissue levels, so clinicians should monitor zinc status in patients taking these medications.
Zinc and Healthful Diets
The federal government’s 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans notes that “Nutritional needs should be met primarily from foods. … Foods in nutrient-dense forms contain essential vitamins and minerals and also dietary fiber and other naturally occurring substances that may have positive health effects. In some cases, fortified foods and dietary supplements may be useful in providing one or more nutrients that otherwise may be consumed in less-than-recommended amounts.”
For more information about building a healthy diet, refer to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s MyPlate .
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans describes a healthy eating pattern as one that:
Includes a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products, and oils. Whole grains and milk products are good sources of zinc. Many ready-to-eat breakfast cereals are fortified with zinc.
Includes a variety of protein foods, including seafood, lean meats and poultry, eggs, legumes (beans and peas), nuts, seeds, and soy products. Oysters, red meat, and poultry are excellent sources of zinc. Baked beans, chickpeas, and nuts (such as cashews and almonds) also contain zinc.
Limits saturated and trans fats, added sugars, and sodium.
Stays within your daily calorie needs.


newswars--2020-04-01--Idaho First in Nation to Ban Trans Sports

A new law in Idaho prohibits boys and men from competing in girls and women ’ s sports .
The “ Fairness in Women ’ s Sports Act , ” signed into law by Republican Governor Brad Little Monday , aims to prevent unfair athletic advantages by transgender men who attempt to compete in women ’ s sports .
“ The legislature finds that there are ‘ inherent differences between men and women , ’ ” the act states , “ and that these differences ‘ remain cause for celebration , but not for denigration of the members of either @ @ @ @ @ @ @ individual ’ s opportunity.
’ ” Continuing , the first-of-its-kind act notes the differences in male and female biology , including that men “ have higher natural levels of testosterone , ” and that these differences “ explain the male and female secondary sex characteristics which develop during puberty and have life-long effects , including those most important for success in sport : categorically different strength , speed , and endurance.
” “ Athletic teams or sports designated for females , women , or girls shall not be open to students of the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .
The state lawmaker who proposed the bill , Barbara Ehardt , says it will reinforce fairness across the board .
“ Under this bill , boys and men will not be able to take the place of girls and women in sports because it is not fair , ” Ehardt told Reuters .
Female athletes who were forced by politically correct sports leagues to compete against biological males were already raising protests about the unfair advantages men have against them .
Last June , three high school female athletes from Connecticut filed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ compete against biological males in track and field competitions .
And in 2018 , a female cyclist who came in third place against a transgender female ( biological male ) said in a tweet the race was “ definitely NOT fair.
” The phenomenon of transgender male athletes competing against women had become so rampant that the show South Park dedicated an entire episode to highlighting its absurdity .
Idaho also passed a law Monday prohibiting transgender people from being able to change the sex listed on their birth certificates .
Missouri lawmaker @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 3-8 yr old children from being groomed in Drag Queen Story Hours .
Then , converted transgender begs Canada not to ban conversion therapy ( including Christian conversion ) in pending bill ( also pushed in many US states ) .
And , KY Gov wants worship services cancelled but doesn ’ t call for any other public meetings to be cancelled .

A new law in Idaho prohibits boys and men from competing in girls and women’s sports.
The “Fairness in Women’s Sports Act,” signed into law by Republican Governor Brad Little Monday, aims to prevent unfair athletic advantages by transgender men who attempt to compete in women’s sports.
“The legislature finds that there are ‘inherent differences between men and women,’” the act states, “and that these differences ‘remain cause for celebration, but not for denigration of the members of either sex or for artificial constraints on an individual’s opportunity.’”
Continuing, the first-of-its-kind act notes the differences in male and female biology, including that men “have higher natural levels of testosterone,” and that these differences “explain the male and female secondary sex characteristics which develop during puberty and have life-long effects, including those most important for success in sport: categorically different strength, speed, and endurance.”
“Athletic teams or sports designated for females, women, or girls shall not be open to students of the male sex,” states the act.
The state lawmaker who proposed the bill, Barbara Ehardt, says it will reinforce fairness across the board.
“Under this bill, boys and men will not be able to take the place of girls and women in sports because it is not fair,” Ehardt told Reuters.
Female athletes who were forced by politically correct sports leagues to compete against biological males were already raising protests about the unfair advantages men have against them.
Last June, three high school female athletes from Connecticut filed a federal complaint after being forced to compete against biological males in track and field competitions.
And in 2018, a female cyclist who came in third place against a transgender female (biological male) said in a tweet the race was “definitely NOT fair.”
The phenomenon of transgender male athletes competing against women had become so rampant that the show South Park dedicated an entire episode to highlighting its absurdity.
As the “The Strong Woman Competition” begins Vice Principal Strong Woman meets her biggest rival – a woman named Heather Swanson who recently identified as female. Watch the all-new episode, “Board Girls” for FREE – https://t.co/8pCHD1OQQj #SouthPark23 pic.twitter.com/ztiBE8eclQ — South Park (@SouthPark) November 15, 2019
Idaho also passed a law Monday prohibiting transgender people from being able to change the sex listed on their birth certificates.
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Missouri lawmaker gets death threats for trying to protect 3-8 yr old children from being groomed in Drag Queen Story Hours. Then, converted transgender begs Canada not to ban conversion therapy (including Christian conversion) in pending bill (also pushed in many US states). And, KY Gov wants worship services cancelled but doesn’t call for any other public meetings to be cancelled.


newswars--2020-04-01--Scientists discover ‘missing link’ in black hole evolution after detecting stellar HOMICIDE

Scientists have unraveled an intergalactic murder mystery which gave them the best evidence yet for the existence of an extremely rare “ intermediate-mass , ” black hole , considered the “ missing link ” in their evolution .
Dacheng Lin of the University of New Hampshire , principal investigator of the study , and his team detected a powerful flare of X-rays , a cosmic ‘ cry for help ’ , in 2006 but couldn ’ t quite track down the source to confirm what exactly happened .
After poring over a slew of hundreds of thousands of observations , @ @ @ @ @ @ @ wandering star had been violently ripped apart in the wrong part of town… erm , galaxy .
Following leads from NASA ’ s Chandra X-ray Observatory and the ESA ’ s X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission ( XMM-Newton ) , the team enlisted the help of the eagle-eyed , master detective , the Hubble Space telescope , to track down the mysterious murderer .
Using the combined power of two X-ray observatories and NASA ’ s Hubble Space Telescope to catch the cosmic culprit while discounting “ the usual suspects , ” the researchers identified @ @ @ @ @ @ @ a black hole 50,000 times the mass of our Sun , in a distant , dense star cluster on the outskirts of another galaxy .
This object is much smaller than the supermassive black holes found at the center of galaxies which are millions if not billions of solar masses , and thus opens up the possibility of detecting far more black holes of this hitherto unseen kind .
“ Intermediate-mass black holes are very elusive objects , and so it is critical to carefully consider and rule out alternative explanations for each @ @ @ @ @ @ @ allowed us to do for our candidate , ” Lin said .
Having caught one IMBH red-handed , Lin and his team plan to continue their cosmic detective work to solve the remaining mysteries of how IMBHs form , where they typically appear and what they might one day become .

Scientists have unraveled an intergalactic murder mystery which gave them the best evidence yet for the existence of an extremely rare “intermediate-mass,” black hole, considered the “missing link” in their evolution.
Dacheng Lin of the University of New Hampshire, principal investigator of the study, and his team detected a powerful flare of X-rays, a cosmic ‘cry for help’, in 2006 but couldn’t quite track down the source to confirm what exactly happened.
After poring over a slew of hundreds of thousands of observations, the researchers found the victim; a wandering star had been violently ripped apart in the wrong part of town… erm, galaxy.
Following leads from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and the ESA’s X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton), the team enlisted the help of the eagle-eyed, master detective, the Hubble Space telescope, to track down the mysterious murderer.
Using the combined power of two X-ray observatories and NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope to catch the cosmic culprit while discounting “the usual suspects,” the researchers identified the X-ray source as 3XMM J215022.4−055108, a black hole 50,000 times the mass of our Sun, in a distant, dense star cluster on the outskirts of another galaxy.
This object is much smaller than the supermassive black holes found at the center of galaxies which are millions if not billions of solar masses, and thus opens up the possibility of detecting far more black holes of this hitherto unseen kind.
“Intermediate-mass black holes are very elusive objects, and so it is critical to carefully consider and rule out alternative explanations for each candidate. That is what Hubble has allowed us to do for our candidate,” Lin said.
Having caught one IMBH red-handed, Lin and his team plan to continue their cosmic detective work to solve the remaining mysteries of how IMBHs form, where they typically appear and what they might one day become.


newswars--2020-04-01--Huawei Warns China Will Take US Companies Down If Trump Agrees to New Chip Sanctions

Earlier , US media reported that the Trump administration had put together new restrictions to try to cut Huawei off from the global chip supply industry , with the rule requiring companies using US-made chip-making-technology to get licenses before selling certain chips to the Chinese tech giant .
The Chinese government “ would not sit there and watch Huawei being slaughtered ” if Washington introduced new chip-related restrictions against the company , Huawei chairman Eric Xu has warned .
“ I believe there would be countermeasures , ” Xu said , speaking to CNBC on Tuesday .
Earlier , US @ @ @ @ @ @ @ agreed to new restrictions requiring companies doing business with Huawei to obtain licenses before selling chips using US-made chip-making technology or software .
The measures , if adopted , are understood to target Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co ( TSMC ) , a major chip supplier to Huawei ’ s semiconductor division , HiSilicon .
Xu warned that “ if China takes countermeasures , the disruptive ripple effects on industries across the globe would be enormous .
Once the Pandora box is opened , it would have devastating chain effect on global eco-system .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ to be destroyed.
” He specified that US firms “ wouldn ’ t be able to stay unscathed ” in such an event .
The reported measures have yet to be invoked , and US officials have yet to publicly comment on them .
However , according to CNBC , they were discussed at a meeting in Washington last Wednesday , with senior officials from the State Department , National Security Council , the Department of Defence , the Department of Energy and the Commerce Department said to be in attendance .
Huawei @ @ @ @ @ @ @ telecommunications company and number two smartphone maker , depends on TSMC for the production of its chips .
The US began a sanctions campaign targeting Huawei last year , accusing the company of cooperating with Chinese intelligence services .
The company has denied the claims .
US measures so far have included restrictions such as prohibiting Google from installing its popular Android operating system on new models of Huawei ’ s smartphones .
However , lobbying from US tech giants , including Microsoft and Intel , have allowed these and other companies to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ amid the prospects of multi-billion dollar losses .
On Tuesday , Huawei reported that despite US pressure , revenues have grown by over 19 percent year-on-year , with sales topping $ 123 billion and net profits reaching $ 9 billion , with the company said to have invested some 15.3 percent of its total 2019 revenues into R & D .
Earlier , the Financial Times reported that the company has been working on a new internet technology that could change the internet ’ s architecture .
Rockefeller Foundation ’ s 2010 pandemic @ @ @ @ @ @ @ precise script for today ’ s COVID-19 shutdown , except what they said would take years is being done in weeks .

Earlier, US media reported that the Trump administration had put together new restrictions to try to cut Huawei off from the global chip supply industry, with the rule requiring companies using US-made chip-making-technology to get licenses before selling certain chips to the Chinese tech giant.
The Chinese government “would not sit there and watch Huawei being slaughtered” if Washington introduced new chip-related restrictions against the company, Huawei chairman Eric Xu has warned.
“I believe there would be countermeasures,” Xu said, speaking to CNBC on Tuesday.
Earlier, US media reported that senior US officials had agreed to new restrictions requiring companies doing business with Huawei to obtain licenses before selling chips using US-made chip-making technology or software. The measures, if adopted, are understood to target Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC), a major chip supplier to Huawei’s semiconductor division, HiSilicon.
Xu warned that “if China takes countermeasures, the disruptive ripple effects on industries across the globe would be enormous. Once the Pandora box is opened, it would have devastating chain effect on global eco-system. Huawei would not be the only one to be destroyed.” He specified that US firms “wouldn’t be able to stay unscathed” in such an event.
The reported measures have yet to be invoked, and US officials have yet to publicly comment on them. However, according to CNBC, they were discussed at a meeting in Washington last Wednesday, with senior officials from the State Department, National Security Council, the Department of Defence, the Department of Energy and the Commerce Department said to be in attendance.
Huawei, the world’s number one telecommunications company and number two smartphone maker, depends on TSMC for the production of its chips.
The US began a sanctions campaign targeting Huawei last year, accusing the company of cooperating with Chinese intelligence services. The company has denied the claims. US measures so far have included restrictions such as prohibiting Google from installing its popular Android operating system on new models of Huawei’s smartphones. However, lobbying from US tech giants, including Microsoft and Intel, have allowed these and other companies to continue doing business with the Chinese company amid the prospects of multi-billion dollar losses.
On Tuesday, Huawei reported that despite US pressure, revenues have grown by over 19 percent year-on-year, with sales topping $123 billion and net profits reaching $9 billion, with the company said to have invested some 15.3 percent of its total 2019 revenues into R&D. Earlier, the Financial Times reported that the company has been working on a new internet technology that could change the internet’s architecture.
Rockefeller Foundation’s 2010 pandemic scenario of strong government/weak population is a precise script for today’s COVID-19 shutdown, except what they said would take years is being done in weeks.


newswars--2020-04-01--European Markets Sink as US Coronavirus Death Toll Rises

European stock markets are falling at the start of trading on Wednesday , beginning the new quarter with fresh losses , as the death toll in the United States from Covid-19 continues to climb .
Germany ’ s DAX plunged by over three percent during early trading , while British and French stock markets have dropped by over four percent .
Spain ’ s IBEX and Italy ’ s FTSE MIB are both down over two percent .
The losses are led by shares in Britain ’ s banks which dropped heavily at the start of trading after they froze @ @ @ @ @ @ @ not to pay any for this year .
HSBC has plunged eight percent , followed by Lloyds and Standard Chartered which have both fallen almost six percent .
The markets are reacting to dire warnings from US President Donald Trump of a “ very , very painful two weeks ” ahead .
He said Americans should be prepared for a surge in coronavirus infections and deaths .
“ This could be a hell of a bad two weeks .
This is going to be a very bad two , and maybe three weeks @ @ @ @ @ @ @ weeks like we ’ ve never seen before , ” Trump said on Tuesday .
White House officials are projecting between 100,000 and 240,000 deaths in the country , with coronavirus fatalities peaking over the next two weeks .
Investors are now focused on the eurozone unemployment data for February and final eurozone manufacturing PMI data that are due to be published , showing how badly factories have suffered from the Covid-19 shutdown in March .
European stock markets have posted their worst quarter in nearly two decades as the Covid-19 pandemic has @ @ @ @ @ @ @ By Tuesday ’ s close , the pan-European Stoxx 600 index had fallen by 23 percent since the start of the year .
This marked its worst first quarter result ever , but narrowly beating the 23.33 percent loss posted in the third quarter of 2002 .
Jeff Nyquist joins The Alex Jones Show to expose the biological war started by China launched against the West , and what else is expected in the future .

European stock markets are falling at the start of trading on Wednesday, beginning the new quarter with fresh losses, as the death toll in the United States from Covid-19 continues to climb.
Germany’s DAX plunged by over three percent during early trading, while British and French stock markets have dropped by over four percent. Spain’s IBEX and Italy’s FTSE MIB are both down over two percent.
The losses are led by shares in Britain’s banks which dropped heavily at the start of trading after they froze last year’s dividends and vowed not to pay any for this year. HSBC has plunged eight percent, followed by Lloyds and Standard Chartered which have both fallen almost six percent.
The markets are reacting to dire warnings from US President Donald Trump of a “very, very painful two weeks” ahead. He said Americans should be prepared for a surge in coronavirus infections and deaths.
“This could be a hell of a bad two weeks. This is going to be a very bad two, and maybe three weeks. This is going to be three weeks like we’ve never seen before,” Trump said on Tuesday.
White House officials are projecting between 100,000 and 240,000 deaths in the country, with coronavirus fatalities peaking over the next two weeks.
Investors are now focused on the eurozone unemployment data for February and final eurozone manufacturing PMI data that are due to be published, showing how badly factories have suffered from the Covid-19 shutdown in March.
European stock markets have posted their worst quarter in nearly two decades as the Covid-19 pandemic has forced nationwide shutdowns across the continent.
By Tuesday’s close, the pan-European Stoxx 600 index had fallen by 23 percent since the start of the year. This marked its worst first quarter result ever, but narrowly beating the 23.33 percent loss posted in the third quarter of 2002.
Jeff Nyquist joins The Alex Jones Show to expose the biological war started by China launched against the West, and what else is expected in the future.


newswars--2020-04-01--Michigan Democrat Governor Asks Feds For Hydroxychloroquine Just Days After Threatening Doctors For

Michigan Democrat Governor Asks Feds For Hydroxychloroquine Just Days After Threatening Doctors For Prescribing It

Democratic Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer is now asking the federal government to send her hydroxychloroquine just four days after she threatened to revoke the medical licenses of doctors who prescribed it .
Last week , Whitmer sent a letter warning physicians and pharmacists of punishments for the prescribing of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine despite a major study recommending “ COVID-19 patients be treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin to cure their infection and to limit the transmission of the virus to other people in order to curb the spread of COVID-19 in the world.
” Medical professionals were threatened with “ administrative @ @ @ @ @ @ @ hydroxychloroquine had not met the benchmark for “ proof of efficacy.
” How quickly things change .
Four days later , Whitmer is now begging the feds to send her hydroxychloroquine .
“ We want to ensure that doctors have the ability to prescribe these medicines , ” she said .
“ We also want to make sure that the people who have prescriptions that predated COVID-19 have access to the medication they need .
And so all of the work that we ’ ve done is trying to strike that balance.
” @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Fox News host Laura Ingraham was forced to delete a tweet that promoted hydroxychloroquine as a COVID-19 cure under threat of suspension despite it already having been approved by the FDA .
In its approval letter , the FDA said , “ Based on the totality of scientific evidence available to FDA , it is reasonable to believe that chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine sulfate may be effective in treating COVID-19.
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Democratic Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer is now asking the federal government to send her hydroxychloroquine just four days after she threatened to revoke the medical licenses of doctors who prescribed it.
Last week, Whitmer sent a letter warning physicians and pharmacists of punishments for the prescribing of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine despite a major study recommending “COVID-19 patients be treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin to cure their infection and to limit the transmission of the virus to other people in order to curb the spread of COVID-19 in the world.”
Medical professionals were threatened with “administrative action,” with Whitmer claiming that hydroxychloroquine had not met the benchmark for “proof of efficacy.”
How quickly things change. Four days later, Whitmer is now begging the feds to send her hydroxychloroquine.
“We want to ensure that doctors have the ability to prescribe these medicines,” she said. “We also want to make sure that the people who have prescriptions that predated COVID-19 have access to the medication they need. And so all of the work that we’ve done is trying to strike that balance.”
It’s also worth noting that Fox News host Laura Ingraham was forced to delete a tweet that promoted hydroxychloroquine as a COVID-19 cure under threat of suspension despite it already having been approved by the FDA.
In its approval letter, the FDA said, “Based on the totality of scientific evidence available to FDA, it is reasonable to believe that chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine sulfate may be effective in treating COVID-19.”
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newswars--2020-04-02--China Gave Faulty, Contaminated Covid-19 Equipment to Several Countries

Several countries have reported faulty or contaminated equipment from China to combat the deadly coronavirus which also originated in China .
A range of products have been delivered to countries overwhelmed by the global Covid-19 pandemic from China .
However , the gesture and goods haven ’ t quite passed the bar in some cases .
Yesterday , Australian officials reportedly seized facemasks exported from China to help combat the spread of the virus .
The Australian Border Force seized around 800,000 defective facemasks worth around $ 12m AUD .
National File recently reported on a viral video of a @ @ @ @ @ @ @ facemasks on his shoe .
The UK reported of Covid-19 testing kits sent from China found to be contaminated with the coronavirus when they were being surveyed by a Luxembourg-based company .
The delivery of the kits were delayed by the contamination .
Last week , Spain returned faulty Covid-19 testing kits after the Spanish government bought the kits from an unauthorized Chinese company .
The first batch , of around 9,000 kits , found that only 30 % tested the patients for the virus with reliable accuracy–even though an 80 % level @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the New York Times .
The head of Spain ’ s public health emergency department Fernando Simon said : “ Spain obtained several providers and supply routes .
The first one sent a batch of 9,000 tests that were validated at the National Center of Epidemiology and some hospitals ( in Madrid ) .
“ The specifications of the batch did not match up with the certification of quality that came with it , which meant they had to be returned and the company will change them.
” The Netherlands was forced to @ @ @ @ @ @ @ failed to meet specifications .
The Czech Republic also reportedly returned sub-par Chinese equipment–some of which was diverted from Italy–designed to help battle the pandemic .
China has struggled to meet standards as they scramble to reach global demand for protective , medical equipment to help stifle the spread of the deadly coronavirus .
Over 900,000 people worldwide have tested positive for the coronavirus , with more than 46,000 deaths recorded .

Several countries have reported faulty or contaminated equipment from China to combat the deadly coronavirus which also originated in China.
A range of products have been delivered to countries overwhelmed by the global Covid-19 pandemic from China.
However, the gesture and goods haven’t quite passed the bar in some cases.
Yesterday, Australian officials reportedly seized facemasks exported from China to help combat the spread of the virus.
The Australian Border Force seized around 800,000 defective facemasks worth around $12m AUD.
National File recently reported on a viral video of a Chinese factory worker snickering as he rubbed facemasks on his shoe.
The UK reported of Covid-19 testing kits sent from China found to be contaminated with the coronavirus when they were being surveyed by a Luxembourg-based company.
The delivery of the kits were delayed by the contamination.
Last week, Spain returned faulty Covid-19 testing kits after the Spanish government bought the kits from an unauthorized Chinese company.
The first batch, of around 9,000 kits, found that only 30% tested the patients for the virus with reliable accuracy–even though an 80% level of accuracy was expected, according to the New York Times.
The head of Spain’s public health emergency department Fernando Simon said: “Spain obtained several providers and supply routes. The first one sent a batch of 9,000 tests that were validated at the National Center of Epidemiology and some hospitals (in Madrid).
“The specifications of the batch did not match up with the certification of quality that came with it, which meant they had to be returned and the company will change them.”
The Netherlands was forced to recall around 600,000 China-made masks as they failed to meet specifications. The Czech Republic also reportedly returned sub-par Chinese equipment–some of which was diverted from Italy–designed to help battle the pandemic.
China has struggled to meet standards as they scramble to reach global demand for protective, medical equipment to help stifle the spread of the deadly coronavirus.
Over 900,000 people worldwide have tested positive for the coronavirus, with more than 46,000 deaths recorded.


newswars--2020-04-02--‘Battlefield Medicine’: NY, NJ Doctors and Patients See Anecdotal Evidence of Hydroxychloroquine Ben

‘Battlefield Medicine’: NY, NJ Doctors and Patients See Anecdotal Evidence of Hydroxychloroquine Benefits in Fighting Coronavirus

Doctors who have treated a combined total of over 425 confirmed or presumptive Chinese coronavirus patients with the drug hydroxychloroquine told Breitbart News they are finding the medication to be helpful .
The doctors stressed that more long-term studies are needed to draw concrete scientific conclusions about hydroxychloroquine and Chinese coronavirus .
But they said they decided to act because they felt it was safe and because the coronavirus pandemic does not leave any time to wait for what could be months or even years of clinical trials .
Their experiences are not meant to be taken as controlled scientific @ @ @ @ @ @ @ more conclusively determine whether the hydroxychloroquine indeed played a role in patient recovery or whether those same patients would have recovered anyway without the medication .
Joey Gilbert joins Robert Barnes to discuss the recent limited FDA approval of chloroquine Even if hydroxychloroquine is found to be helpful , more research is needed to determine whether the drug needs to be combined with other medication , and which amounts should be used .
Some of the doctors interviewed for this article prescribed hydroxychloroquine along with zinc sulfate , and in many cases combined @ @ @ @ @ @ @ There are also concerns about the supply chain for hydroxychloroquine .
Hospitals are reportedly seeking to stockpile the drug in anticipation of a flood of coronavirus patients and many pharmacies say they are experiencing a massive number of prescription requests for hydroxychloroquine sulfate .

Doctors who have treated a combined total of over 425 confirmed or presumptive Chinese coronavirus patients with the drug hydroxychloroquine told Breitbart News they are finding the medication to be helpful.
The doctors stressed that more long-term studies are needed to draw concrete scientific conclusions about hydroxychloroquine and Chinese coronavirus. But they said they decided to act because they felt it was safe and because the coronavirus pandemic does not leave any time to wait for what could be months or even years of clinical trials.
Their experiences are not meant to be taken as controlled scientific trials. Studies are clearly required to more conclusively determine whether the hydroxychloroquine indeed played a role in patient recovery or whether those same patients would have recovered anyway without the medication.
Joey Gilbert joins Robert Barnes to discuss the recent limited FDA approval of chloroquine
Even if hydroxychloroquine is found to be helpful, more research is needed to determine whether the drug needs to be combined with other medication, and which amounts should be used. Some of the doctors interviewed for this article prescribed hydroxychloroquine along with zinc sulfate, and in many cases combined the drug with an antibiotic regimen.
There are also concerns about the supply chain for hydroxychloroquine. Hospitals are reportedly seeking to stockpile the drug in anticipation of a flood of coronavirus patients and many pharmacies say they are experiencing a massive number of prescription requests for hydroxychloroquine sulfate.
Read more


newswars--2020-04-02--Shots Fired After Shooter Angered by Man Asking Him to Cover His Cough

A Pennsylvania man had his car shot at repeatedly following a confrontation with the shooter who refused to cover his mouth when he coughed .
William Sauro , 53 , accosted Guillermo Alvarez , 56 , in a parking lot of a Sheetz convenience store , after spotting Alvarez continuously coughing and not covering his mouth .
According to the police complaint following the incident , Sauro warned Alvarez from his vehicle about the dangers of not covering his mouth during the coronavirus pandemic , but the situation escalated .
Security footage shows Sauro exiting his car and confronting Alvarez @ @ @ @ @ @ @ driver ’ s seat .
Police say that after Sauro returned to his car , he allegedly hit Alvarez with the vehicle , who then drew a pistol .
According to the complaint , multiple rounds were fired by Alvarez , with one entering the windshield of the vehicle and lodging into the spedometer , and more hitting the front tires .
Alvarez , the alleged coughing shooter , was arrested in the parking lot after Sauro called 911 from his home .
Officers found that Alvarez did not have the proper concealed @ @ @ @ @ @ @ he was still holding during his arrest .
Both Sauro and Alvarez have since been charged with aggravated assault and recklessly endangering another person from the incident .
“ We are living in trying and uncertain times right now , and everyone needs to exercise patience with one another and not resort to violence , ” Cambria County District Attorney Greg Neugebauer told WJAC-TV : Special thanks go out to our first responders , including the Police , who throughout this pandemic continue to work with the public every day to ensure the @ @ @ @ @ @ @ the incident to a certain extent maybe as a result of the frustrations and anxiety people are feeling right now because of COVID-19 .
I would urge people to have patience with each other as much a possible as people are on edge being around people right now .
National File will continue to follow the case of the coughing shooter as it proceeds .

A Pennsylvania man had his car shot at repeatedly following a confrontation with the shooter who refused to cover his mouth when he coughed.
Video here
William Sauro, 53, accosted Guillermo Alvarez, 56, in a parking lot of a Sheetz convenience store, after spotting Alvarez continuously coughing and not covering his mouth.
According to the police complaint following the incident, Sauro warned Alvarez from his vehicle about the dangers of not covering his mouth during the coronavirus pandemic, but the situation escalated.
Security footage shows Sauro exiting his car and confronting Alvarez after having a short conversation from the driver’s seat.
Police say that after Sauro returned to his car, he allegedly hit Alvarez with the vehicle, who then drew a pistol.
According to the complaint, multiple rounds were fired by Alvarez, with one entering the windshield of the vehicle and lodging into the spedometer, and more hitting the front tires.
Alvarez, the alleged coughing shooter, was arrested in the parking lot after Sauro called 911 from his home. Officers found that Alvarez did not have the proper concealed carry permit for his firearm, which he was still holding during his arrest.
Both Sauro and Alvarez have since been charged with aggravated assault and recklessly endangering another person from the incident.
“We are living in trying and uncertain times right now, and everyone needs to exercise patience with one another and not resort to violence,” Cambria County District Attorney Greg Neugebauer told WJAC-TV:
Special thanks go out to our first responders, including the Police, who throughout this pandemic continue to work with the public every day to ensure the health and safety of our community.I think the incident to a certain extent maybe as a result of the frustrations and anxiety people are feeling right now because of COVID-19. I would urge people to have patience with each other as much a possible as people are on edge being around people right now.
National File will continue to follow the case of the coughing shooter as it proceeds.


newswars--2020-04-02--Here We Go Again: China Puts County On Lockdown After New Corona Cluster Emerges

China has lied for the past two months about the severity and the extent of coronavirus pandemic , which its virologists started in Wuhan , eager to convey the message that the crisis “ under control ” just so people return to work , full of hope and enthusiasm .
Today the US finally cracked down on the relentless barrage of Chinese lies , when US intelligence accused China of deliberately lying about its coronavirus figures .
Then , in a miraculous coincidence , just moments later Reuters reported that a county in central China ’ s Henan province announced @ @ @ @ @ @ @ all outbound movement of people , following several cases of coronavirus infection in the area.
” Alex Jones breaks down the rise of the era of Communism in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic lockdown of society.
< /em According to a post on its social media account , Jia county – which has a population of about 600,000 – said that no one can travel out of Jia county without proper authorization .
Additionally , residents are not allowed to leave their homes for work unless they have clearance to do so @ @ @ @ @ @ @ on March 29 , Henan Province broke its 30-day streak of reporting no new coronavirus cases , saying one person tested positive after a trip to Pingdingshan , where Jia County is located .
Specifically , on Saturday , Henan province reported one confirmed case in Luohe city ; local authorities said the infected person had been in contact with two doctors based in Jia county who later tested positive for the virus even though they had showed no symptoms .
As a result , Bloomberg adds that starting April 1 , all @ @ @ @ @ @ @ management ” and all residents need to wear masks and have temperature taken entering or exiting the compounds .
And so the virus is back to China , despite the best intentions of the World Health Organization and its Beijing sponsors to make it seem that China had managed to defeat the virus .
Needless to say this is a problem , because the risk of stop-start restrictions on people ’ s movements mean that any calls for a V-shaped rebound in global economies and stocks can now be ignored as China will @ @ @ @ @ @ @ entire shut down exercise all over again .
Indeed , as Bloomberg ’ s Simon Flint wrote presciently overnight , “ as China ’ s economy restarts , there is every risk infection rates to tick higher once again , requiring renewed control measures and potentially the beginning of a stop-start pattern of lockdowns followed by eased restrictions.
” “ Multiply that pattern by the growing number of countries in lockdown – and the unknown impact of a rampant virus in nations with fewer restrictions – and the much hoped for V-shaped recovery @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ’ s ” … and since “ there is no blueprint for jump-starting a stalled economy in the midst of a global pandemic , a fresh waves of infections following production restarts could quickly snuff out any rally in global stocks.
” In other words , back to square one we go , only maybe this time China will tell the truth .

China is no longer fixed.
China has lied for the past two months about the severity and the extent of coronavirus pandemic, which its virologists started in Wuhan, eager to convey the message that the crisis “under control” just so people return to work, full of hope and enthusiasm.
Today the US finally cracked down on the relentless barrage of Chinese lies, when US intelligence accused China of deliberately lying about its coronavirus figures.
Then, in a miraculous coincidence, just moments later Reuters reported that a county in central China’s Henan province announced on Wednesday it had “virtually banned all outbound movement of people, following several cases of coronavirus infection in the area.”
Alex Jones breaks down the rise of the era of Communism in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic lockdown of society.


newswars--2020-04-02--Video: Woman Threatens to Call Police on Neighbor For Violating Lockdown

A video posted to Facebook shows a woman threatening to call the police on her neighbor for violating the coronavirus lockdown .
The clip is titled ‘ When your nosey neighbor catches you leaving during the lockdown ’ and shows an angry woman confronting a young man as he sits behind the wheel of his car .
“ Your ass is grass , you understand ?
” says the woman as she waves her phone at the man .
She then bangs on the window before saying , “ Be looking out for those cops.
” “ Alright I will @ @ @ @ @ @ @ for those cops , ” he responds .
“ You ’ re supposed to be sheltering in place , go ahead put me on social media , ” adds the woman .
“ And seriously , I ’ ve called the cops , I can ’ t wait , ” she tells the man who responds , “ I ’ m so scared , I ’ m so scared , ” before driving away .
The clip was originally uploaded to Tik-Tok but was subsequently removed .
The woman is referred to as @ @ @ @ @ @ @ people use to denote an obnoxious , interfering adult female who always tries to ruin teenage fun .
As we previously highlighted , in addition to snitching on people who violate lockdown orders , some Americans are even grassing their neighbors up to authorities if they hear them coughing or sneezing .
“ Coachella Valley police departments say they ’ ve started fielding 911 reports from concerned callers convinced a neighbor ’ s overly loud sneeze or hacking cough is proof the person has the virus , ” reported the Desert Sun .
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ speech-hating Silicon Valley behemoths who want me disappeared forever .
It is CRUCIAL that you support me .
Please sign up for the free newsletter here .
Donate to me on SubscribeStar here .
Support my sponsor – Turbo Force – a supercharged boost of clean energy without the comedown .

A video posted to Facebook shows a woman threatening to call the police on her neighbor for violating the coronavirus lockdown.
The clip is titled ‘When your nosey neighbor catches you leaving during the lockdown’ and shows an angry woman confronting a young man as he sits behind the wheel of his car.
“Your ass is grass, you understand?” says the woman as she waves her phone at the man.
She then bangs on the window before saying, “Be looking out for those cops.”
“Alright I will, I’ll be looking out for those cops,” he responds.
“You’re supposed to be sheltering in place, go ahead put me on social media,” adds the woman.
“And seriously, I’ve called the cops, I can’t wait,” she tells the man who responds, “I’m so scared, I’m so scared,” before driving away.
The clip was originally uploaded to Tik-Tok but was subsequently removed. The woman is referred to as Karen, which is a meme young people use to denote an obnoxious, interfering adult female who always tries to ruin teenage fun.
As we previously highlighted, in addition to snitching on people who violate lockdown orders, some Americans are even grassing their neighbors up to authorities if they hear them coughing or sneezing.
“Coachella Valley police departments say they’ve started fielding 911 reports from concerned callers convinced a neighbor’s overly loud sneeze or hacking cough is proof the person has the virus,” reported the Desert Sun.
SUBSCRIBE on YouTube:
Follow on Twitter: Follow @PrisonPlanet
———————————————————————————————————————
My voice is being silenced by free speech-hating Silicon Valley behemoths who want me disappeared forever. It is CRUCIAL that you support me.
Please sign up for the free newsletter here. Donate to me on SubscribeStar here.
Support my sponsor – Turbo Force – a supercharged boost of clean energy without the comedown.
———————————————————————————————————————